# ChatGPT and Open-AI Models: A Preliminary Review
## 4 Discussion  
The previous sections presented a brief history of ChatGPT along with its training process. They also conducted an extensive literature review bringing together all of the academic knowledge regarding the applications and implications of ChatGPT on future technology advancements. This article presents a classification table (Table 1) summarizing the publications reviewed based on their research topic, strong statements, capabilities examined, and citation indicator. Despite its potential applicability in various industries, the literature review suggests a significant focus on utilizing ChatGPT for healthcare-related purposes. However, the table also reveals a need for more academic exploration into the ethical implications of ChatGPT and integration into existing applications. Additionally, our analysis highlights a research gap in the ability of ChatGPT to handle machine-learning tasks effectively. Given the constituent elements that comprise ChatGPT, a tabular overview consisting of twenty significant advantages and twenty pivotal disadvantages was generated and presented in Appendix A, specifically in Table A1. Bellow, the authors offer a condensed summary of their observations, with a research and programming emphasis, subsequent to their utilization of ChatGPT. * Research: Observations gleaned from the utilization of ChatGPT suggest that the platform can identify and proffer academic references that pertain to specific sentences or paragraphs, thereby facilitating the work of prospective researchers in their search for relevant sources. However, it was noted that most of the proposed references, while related to the topic, must be more present in academic databases and often feature errors in author names or digital object identifiers (DOIs). Following the identification of such errors, ChatGPT endeavored to rectify the situation by suggesting alternative sources, but these, too, were found to be erroneous upon scrutiny. In response to these repeated instances of inaccuracy, ChatGPT expressed regret at its inability to offer suitable alternatives. The genesis of this particular issue could be attributed to an error that occurred during the training phase of the model, an anomaly that the developers have yet to uncover. Ultimately, it is imperative to emphasize that researchers should exercise extreme caution and refrain from relying solely on tools such as ChatGPT to procure references to pertinent scholarly articles. * Programming: In an attempt to confirm the rumors about the programming proficiencies of ChatGPT, the researchers provided the platform with a prompt describing the desired program features. The output in the Python programming language was remarkable. However, it was observed that composing an appropriate prompt effectively conveying the desired request to ChatGPT necessitates a certain degree of programming knowledge. Furthermore, while the output was impressive, comprehending and adapting it to meet the specific demands of a project also requires programming expertise. To summarize, ChatGPT can be a valuable tool in aiding developers in the generation of code, but it cannot supplant the developer's role, at least not at present. Subsequently, some key authors' thoughts and concerns regarding ChatGPT are succinctly deliberated through pressing queries. * To what extent will the advancement of science be expedited and streamlined by empowering scientists with instantaneous access to information by posing relevant queries to ChatGPT? * The primary objective of this research is to generate knowledge for future applications. However, the process of a new scientist gathering information from existing literature and using it to expand the field can lead to significant delays in time. While this time is not necessarily wasted, it may impede the discovery of fresh ideas that could more expeditiously solve pressing human problems. AI tools, such as ChatGPT, could enable new scientists to read the fundamental concepts of a field and pose pertinent questions within a few hours.