# Improving the Energy Efficiency of the Modular Buildings
## 1 Introduction
First, heat is to be provided to wet clothes through the air to generate evaporation of enough water molecules; then, the space above the clothes becomes saturated with water; the second important step is that an air stream is needed to completely remove the vapour from the air around them since the water vapour lingering near the clothes' surface would hinder water molecules from escaping from clothes, and some of the vapour molecules could also re-enter clothes, wetting them again. In addition, even if it is warm, the high level of humidity in the air will make it difficult for water to evaporate from clothes, and it is very unlikely they will dry. They may even pick up moisture and become wetter [7]. So far, multiple research projects have been undertaken on dryers in the agriculture domain, which showed that the temperature of drying air, airflow velocity, relative humidity, and type and maturity of agricultural crops influence the moisture removal process. A study by [8] investigated the impact of temperature and air velocity on evaporation rates. The results demonstrated that evaporation rates increase proportionally with air temperature and velocity due to an increased air absorption capacity for water vapour. However, evaporation rates tend to decrease when the temperature reaches its maximum and becomes constant, indicating saturation at constant velocity and temperature. Additionally, the study concluded that temperature's effect is less significant at high air velocities. Similarly, [9] examined a clothes dryer using waste heat from a split type of air conditioner. Two experiments were conducted: one with an auxiliary fan unit and one without. The results showed that the drying rate was higher with the fan unit (2.26 kg/h) compared to without (1.1 kg/h). Despite the fan unit consuming additional power, it significantly improved drying efficiency. In their study, ref. [10] presented an eco-friendly heat pump clothes dryer to address high-power consumption and environmental concerns in urban Malaysia. Utilising waste heat from indoor air conditioner units, the prototype demonstrated faster drying times compared to outdoor methods, as it can dry up to 1.5 kg of clothes in 3 h, significantly reducing household costs. In another study, the authors in [11] investigated the distribution uniformity of the drying airflow by using a thermal resistor to measure material temperature and considering the temperature rising rate as an indicator of drying materials (fruits and vegetables), and good distribution of the airflow concluded that many factors affect the uniformity of the fruits and vegetables drying process, which are not only limited to the structural design parameters but are extended to the operating conditions parameters and the distribution of fruit and vegetables in the material tray. Considerable studies have been made on clothes drying but not in the construction sector, such as [12] evaluating the drying properties of summer men's sportswear of different brands and thicknesses available in the Hong Kong market. The conclusion of this study stated that the fabric thickness has an effect on the drying rate; in other words, the higher the fabric thickness, the lower the drying rate. The study [13] built a theoretical model to simulate the drying process inside a domestic tumble dryer and concluded that the energy consumption was primarily influenced by the ambient air temperature and relative humidity. Ref. [14] studied the effect of three different types of electric heating elements (the Positive Temperature Coefficient, resistance wire, and modified resistance wire) on the drying performance of the dryer; the results indicated that a modified resistance wire with aluminium splints in a tumbler clothes dryer might have great potential to reduce the residential energy consumption. However, most of these studies are conducted on tumble dryers, and while there is a need to investigate drying performance in construction sites, that is the purpose of the current case.