# Vinamecum: A Computer-Aided Method for Diagnoses of Pests and Diseases in the Vineyard
## 2 Solution Adopted: Vihamecum
### The Efficiency of the System
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c l} \hline \hline
**Pests** & **Diseases** \\ \hline _Agrotis segetum_ & Bacterial blight of grapevine \\ \hline _Brevipalpus lewisi [PERSON]_ & Black-rot \\ \hline _Calepitrinerus vitis [PERSON]_ & Downy mildew \\ \hline _Ceratitis capitata_ & Esca of grapevine \\ \hline _Colmerus vitis [PERSON]_ & Eutypa dieback \\ \hline _Drepanotrips reuteri [PERSON]_ & Grapevine fanleaf disease \\ \hline _Drosophila melanogaster_ & Grapevine leafroll disease \\ \hline _Eotetranylchus carpini Out_ & Grey mould disease of grapevine \\ \hline _Epiconetis hirta_ & Petri disease \\ \hline _Eulecanium cori [PERSON]_ & Phomopsis Dieback \\ \hline _Franklinella occidentales_ & Phytoplasma diseases \\ \hline _Haltica ampleolhaga_ & [PERSON]’s disease \\ \hline _Jacobisca lybica y Empoasca viti_ & Powdery mildew \\ \hline _Lobesia botrana_ \\ \hline _Melolontha melolontha_ \\ \hline _Panonychus ulmi [PERSON]_ \\ \hline _Planococcus citri [PERSON]_ \\ \hline _Schistocerus bimaculatus_ \\ \hline _Sparganothis pilleriana_ \\ \hline _Tetranychus urtice [PERSON]_ \\ \hline _Vesperux xatarti_ \\ \hline _Xylotreclus arvicola_ \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: List of pests and diseases detected by Vinanceum. * 1 st question: Do you notice a stop in leaf growth? Yes
* 2 nd question: The vine shows rickets, weakening and low cropping? No
* 3 rd question: Do the leaves dry from the edges inward and curl slightly? Yes
* 4 th question: Does the plant show weakening with small shoots, short internodes, small and chlorotic leaves? No
* Diagnosis: THRIPS (_Drepanotrips reuteri_ Uzel)

As can be seen, all the diseases/pests have been illustrated completely so that the specialist can appreciate the validity of the result obtained in the application. In Figure 2, we can see the images availables in the app for _Drepanotrips reuteri_ Uzel. ## 4 Conclusions

Based on our experience with the application from its development to its implementation, we have seen that this type of app has a practical application in viticulture. The use of these applications can facilitate integrated pest management. It is important to highlight that these applications must have the following characteristics:

* Ease of use for farmers;
* Easy installation on mobile devices. PWAs make all this work much easier;
* Automatic updates. PWAs provide simple mechanisms for this purpose;
* They have to provide clear solutions as quickly as possible. The farmers are experts, although it is sometimes difficult to handle so much information on diseases and pests. That is why this type of initiative is so well received on their part;
* They must be available in places with no or poor connections. Crop sites are sometimes far away from communication towers. This is why PWAs are the most appropriate solution;
* The use of mobile devices and the lack of connection make it so that large databases cannot be accessed. Thus, the knowledge base and inference engine used are simple, but in this context, they are a quite effective tool. In addition, the simplicity of the inference engine makes mobile devices suitable for this type of application. Finally, we would like to emphasize that this paper is just an introductive contribution to the diffusion and the knowledge of the software Vinamecum. Our goal is to have its content continuously updated over time as it is already being used and we are receiving a lot of feedback from the users to improve it. ## 5 Patents

The \"Vinamecum\" application was registered on 27 November 2018 with reference CA-256-18 in the \"Registrador Territorial de la Propiedad Intelectual de la Comunidad Autonoma de Andalucia\", Spain. Conceptualization, H.M. and A.J.-C.; methodology, [PERSON]-G. and A.J.-C.; software, [PERSON]-G. and D.M.-A.