# Superior Orbicularis Oris Muscle Activity in Children
## 3 Results  
The characteristics of the cleft and noncleft groups are presented in Table 1. Posterior crossbites were diagnosed in 70% of the subjects with BCCLP, while 65% of the children with CLP were diagnosed with lateral open bites. Class III malocclusions were diagnosed in 55% of the patients with clefts. Table 2 shows the results of the repeatability of the electromyographical procedure. The differences of an upper lip activity were not statistically significant taking into ac-count the first and second EMG examination (\(p\) > 0.05). The EMG data, i.e., the activity of the upper orbicularis oris muscle at rest and when swallowing saliva, activity during compression of the lip and the production of the bilabial \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & **Variable** & \(n\) & **Min** & **Q1** & **Mdn** & **Q3** & **Max** \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Lip seal} & \multirow{2}{*}{Competent} & 10 & 42.8 & 55.6 & 72.9 & 80.2 & 98.9 \\  & Incompetent & 10 & 93.7 & 99.3 & 117.8 & 127.5 & 156.3 \\ \multirow{2}{*}{Facial profile} & Straight or convex & 14 & 42.8 & 60.5 & 79.4 & 96.1 & 99.3 \\  & Concave & 6 & 111.7 & 123.9 & 127.5 & 137.5 & 156.3 \\ \multirow{2}{*}{Angle class} & I or II & 9 & 42.8 & 60.5 & 76.6 & 80.2 & 98.9 \\  & III & 11 & 51.7 & 96.1 & 111.7 & 127.5 & 156.3 \\ \multirow{2}{*}{Overjet} & \(\geq\)0 mm & 11 & 42.8 & 55.6 & 76.6 & 91.1 & 98.9 \\  & Negative & 9 & 93.7 & 99.3 & 123.9 & 127.5 & 156.3 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} Min: minimum, Q1: first quartile, Mdn: median, Q3: third quartile, Max: maximum. The Mann-Whitney U test.  
\end{table} 
Table 4: Electrical activity of the upper lip [\(\mu\)V/\(\mu\)V%] during saliva swallowing in the cleft group (CG). \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Activity**} & \multicolumn{6}{c}{**1 Examination**} & \multicolumn{6}{c}{**2 Examination**} \\ \cline{2-11}  & **Min** & **Q1** & **Mdn** & **Q3** & **Max** & **Min** & **Q1** & **Mdn** & **Q3** & **Max** \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Rest} & 6.33 & 12.4 & 19.9 & 32.5 & 65.8 & 8.67 & 13.5 & 22.0 & 34.8 & 66.6 \\  & 27.2 & 38.5 & 62.3 & 108.4 & 270.1 & 29.6 & 39.2 & 62.5 & 108.2 & 273.0 \\ \multirow{2}{*}{Swallowing of saliva} & 48.2 & 91.0 & 125.4 & 150.5 & 209.0 & 47.2 & 90.1 & 127.7 & 151.3 & 210.8 \\  & 33.1 & 57.0 & 98.8 & 134.2 & 265.8 & 33.2 & 58.71 & 103.0 & 136.5 & 263.9 \\ \multirow{2}{*}{/ba/} & 56.7 & 79.0 & 92.0 & 120.9 & 269.5 & 56.2 & 81.9 & 96.5 & 120.0 & 267.9 \\  & 34.6 & 66.1 & 92.6 & 155.0 & 260.0 & 34.1 & 65.5 & 96.7 & 156.9 & 262.5 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} Min: minimum, Q1: first quartile, Mdn: median, Q3: third quartile, Max: maximum. The Mann-Whitney U test.  
\end{table} 
Table 2: EMG values of the study on repeatability of the recording protocol. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Activity**} & \multicolumn{6}{c}{**1 Examination**} & \multicolumn{6}{c}{**2 Examination**} \\ \cline{2-11}  & **Min** & **Q1** & **Mdn** & **Q3** & **Max** & **Min** & **Q1** & **Mdn** & **Q3** & **Max** \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Rest} & 6.33 & 12.4 & 19.9 & 32.5 & 65.8 & 8.67 & 13.5 & 22.0 & 34.8 & 66.6 \\  & 27.2 & 38.5 & 62.3 & 108.4 & 270.1 & 29.6 & 39.2 & 62.5 & 108.2 & 273.0 \\ \multirow{2}{*}{Compression of the lips} & 48.2 & 91.0 & 125.4 & 150.5 & 209.0 & 47.2 & 90.1 & 127.7 & 151.3 & 210.8 \\  & 33.1 & 57.0 & 98.8 & 134.2 & 265.8 & 33.2 & 58.71 & 103.0 & 136.5 & 263.9 \\ \multirow{2}{*}{/ba/} & 56.7 & 79.0 & 92.0 & 120.9 & 269.5 & 56.2 & 81.9 & 96.5 & 120.0 & 267.9 \\  & 34.6 & 66.1 & 92.6 & 155.0 & 260.0 & 34.1 & 65.5 & 96.7 & 156.9 & 262.5 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} Min: minimum, Q1: first quartile, Mdn: median, Q3: third quartile, Max: maximum. The Mann-Whitney U test.  
\end{table} 
Table 2: EMG values of the study on repeatability of the recording protocol. phonemes /p/, /b/, and /m/ associated with the vowel /a/ for both groups, are presented in Table 3.  
Upper lip rest activity was similar both in subjects with clefts, and children without clefts (\(p>0.05\)).