# TFBN: A Cost Effective High Performance Hierarchical Interconnection Network
## 7 Conclusions  
In this article, we have statically proposed and studied details of the TFBN. The architectural structure of the TFBN has been discussed in detail, and its superiority is depicted by evaluating many static parameters and comparing these parameters with Torus, Mesh, TESH, and TTN networks. The static parameters considered in this paper to show the preeminence of the TFBN are hop distance parameters such as diameter and average distance; connectivity parameters such as node degree, arc connectivity, and bisection width; cost parameter such as cost and wiring complexity; and cost-effectiveness parameters such as cost-effective factor (CEF), time cost-effective factor (TCEF), and cost-performance trade-off factor (CPTF). Results evaluated of the above parameters revealed that TFBN possesses several attractive features. These include quite a low diameter and average distance, high static fault-tolerant and moderate bisection width, substantially low CEF and TCEF, and significantly high CPTF compared to those of TTN, TESH, torus, and mesh networks. These benefits are attained with the cost of a high node degree and wiring complexity. The flattened butterfly network as a basic module needs a few more short length links which result in the complexity of the wiring of the proposed TFBN being a bit high as compared to other networks considered in this paper. Using these extra links for the interconnection of the basic module in turns increases the node degree. It is shown that this high node degree increased the static cost of the proposed TFBN marginally higher than TTN and TESH networks. However, it is still far lower than the torus and mesh networks. From the cost-performance trade-off analysis, it is divulged that the TFBN is highly cost-effective compared to other networks. Therefore, TFBN will be a promising HIN topology to construct an MPC system that supports exa-scale or zetta-scale computation power. The proposed TFBN was statically assessed and the performance was analyzed from various points of view. This is the first-stage research on TFBN. There is a long way to go for the consideration of TFBN by the industry community. Even though the diameter and average distance indicate the yielding of high throughput and low latency, evaluation of these two parameters (latency and throughput) has not yet been evaluated yet. Evaluation of these two parameters using a fit level simulator under deterministic dimension order routing and their improvement using adaptive routing algorithms are kept as the immediate next future step of evaluation [40]. Statically, the TFBN is cost-effective, and its cost performance trade-off is also quite good; however, prototype implementation by FPGA is necessary to assess the actual cost of the proposed TFBN [41]. The study can be implemented in various application domains such as the IoT enabled smart grid system and evolving ESS technologies. **Author Contributions:** Conceptualization, M.M.H.R. ; methodology, M.M.H.R. and M.A.-N.; software, M.M.H.R. ; validation and formal analysis, M.M.H.R., M.A.-N., and A.S.; writing--original draft preparation, M.M.H.R. and M.A.-N.; writing--review and editing, M.M.H.R., M.N.M.A., and A.S.; visualization, M.A.-N. and A.S.; supervision, funding acquisition, project administration, M.M.H.R. and M.N.M.A. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. **Funding:** The authors extend their appreciation to Deputyship for Research & Innovation, Ministry of Education in Saudi Arabia for funding this research work through the project number IFT20046. **Acknowledgments:** Some static network performance analysis for the Level-2 network is presented in the 2 nd international conference EICT, Khulna, Bangladesh, 2015. This paper focuses on the more detailed study of static network performance for the upper-level TFBN along with the cost-effectiveness analysis.