## 10 Conclusions and Future Directions  
The proposed collaboration in vehicular networks, in particular among those used by ground vehicles--especially cars--and flying vehicles, could broaden the application possibilities of intelligent transport, especially in urban areas where, in accordance with the latest trend, the use of autonomous cars and autonomous quadrocopters is on the rise. Currently, considering several specifics--mainly varying mobility ranges--those vehicles tend to use separate networks and infrastructure despite bearing significant similarities. Hence, we aim to create an architecture that will allow for the collaboration of ground and flying vehicles. Such an architecture bears the potential to reduce the costs of underlying infrastructure, simplify the deployment of those complex systems, and improve the performance and safety of intelligent transportation. Furthermore, as has been outlined in previous sections, progress in one type of vehicular network is frequently not reflected in other types of networks, despite the potential of use. Hence, an architecture for a unitary collaborative network has the potential to mitigate this negative effect. In conclusion, the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) and the Internet of Flying Vehicles (IoFV) represent significant areas of investigation and advancement in the realm of vehicular networking. The potential of these networks to transform the transportation industry by enabling vehicles to interact with each other and their surroundings in a secure, efficient, and intelligent manner is substantial. The continued research and development in these areas holds the promise of realizing their full potential and shaping the future of the transportation sector. The study of vehicular networks encompasses two important domains: the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) and the Internet of Flying Vehicles (IoFV). Both of these networks offer significant potential for the transportation sector and present opportunities for vehicles to interact with each other and their environment in a safe, efficient, and intelligent manner. The architecture, communication, and computing elements of these networks are critical in determining their overall performance and functionality. To achieve advanced capabilities, these networks necessitate the integration of cutting-edge technologies, such as cognitive radio and edge/fog computing. Despite similarities between the IoV and the IoFV, it is important to note that they possess distinct differences, particularly with respect to the challenges and requirements associated with communication and computing in a flying environment. These considerations, such as air-to-air communication and aerial navigation and control, are unique to the IoFV and must be addressed in its design and development. In the field of vehicular networking, the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) and the Internet of Flying Vehicles (IoFV) are emerging as key areas of research and development. Bothnetworks aim to revolutionize the transportation sector by enabling vehicles to interact with one another and with the environment in a secure, efficient, and intelligent manner. To achieve this goal, there is a need for the ongoing exploration and advancement of technologies such as cognitive radio and edge/fog computing, as well as the development of suitable network architectures that can accommodate the specific demands of the IoV and IoFV. The architecture, communication, and computing elements of these networks play a vital role in determining their overall performance and functionality, and it is important to consider both the similarities and differences between the IoV and IoFV to ensure effective implementation. The Internet of Vehicles (IoV) and the Internet of Flying Vehicles (IoFV) hold great promise for the transformation of transportation and have wide-ranging implications for society.