## 4 Conclusions  
As the discussed results demonstrate, much of the identified bacterial and fungal taxa have cellulolytic or ligninolytic abilities. The potential biodeteriogens were present in the samples from both archaeological sites and no correlation emerged between their presence and the wood species and/or the storage conditions. This means that all WAW recovered from the sites should be considered at risk of biological degradation during the storage pre-restoration phase. The results of physical analyses carried out on wood stored at room temperature showed that a neat increase of the level of degradation can be registered over a 10-year period. It can be supposed that, in the wood preserved at 4 \({}^{\circ}\)C, the microorganisms' activity is reduced but it cannot be completely excluded. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline  & **Sample** & **D\({}_{\text{bd}}\) (g \(\times\) cm\({}^{-3}\))** & **MWC (\%)** & **LWS (\%)** \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{2008} & Elm 1 & 0.20 & 441 & 63 \\ \cline{2-5}  & Elm 2 & 0.18 & 517 & 67 \\ \cline{2-5}  & Holm oak & 0.16 & 582 & 78 \\ \cline{2-5}  & Oak & 0.20 & 453 & 71 \\ \cline{2-5}  & Ash & 0.14 & 657 & 78 \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{2018} & PF & 0.09 & 1102 & 83 \\ \cline{2-5}  & PO & 0.11 & 879 & 81 \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{2-5}  & PQ & 0.17 & 530 & 75 \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{2-5}  & PL & 0.13 & 729 & 82 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: Results of physical characterization of Pisa wood samples. Data of 2008 analyses from: [PERSON]; [PERSON] Sperimentazione di metodi di impregnazione e liofilizzazione di legni archeologici provenienti da ambiente saturo d’acqua, Istituto Centrale per il Restauro, 2008. Hence, the results obtained in the present work should increase the awareness of conservators and restorers on the importance of adopting suitable practices for the prevention of biodeterioration. The supplement to the Official Gazette of the Italian Republic n. 244 (2001), also known as \"Museum Standards\", prescribes the use of a biocide during storage and restoration phases, but when it is not possible to attend this prescription, alternative strategies should be taken into account (e.g., change the storage water frequently, use of UV light to sterilize water, shorten storage and restoration time). Finally, the use of high-throughput sequencing analyses during these tricky periods could help in defining the complexity of the microbiota present in WAW highlighting the presence of possibly biodeteriogen taxa. The following are available online at [[http://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/10/13/4636/s1](http://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/10/13/4636/s1)]([http://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/10/13/4636/s1](http://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/10/13/4636/s1)). Table S1: Raw data obtained for 16S and ITS with the two extraction protocols. Figure S1: 16S. Stacked barcharts of the taxonomic profile at family level, Figure S2: ITS2. Stacked barcharts of the taxonomic profile at class level, Figure S4: ITS2. Stacked barcharts of the taxonomic profile at family level, Figure S5: ITS2. Stacked barcharts of the taxonomic profile at class level. Conceptualization, F.A., G.G. and F.G.; Formal analysis, A.E. and S.P. ; Funding acquisition, B.D.P., M.R. and F.G.; Investigation, F.A., G.G. and F.G.; Methodology, F.A. and F.G.; Supervision, M.R. and F.G.; Visualization, A.E. ; Writing--original draft, F.A. ; Writing--review and editing, F.A., A.E., G.G., B.D.P., M.R. and F.G. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. This research received no external funding  
The authors would like to thank [PERSON], official of the Superintendence for Archeology, Fine Arts, and Landscape for Naples Metropolitan area, and [PERSON], official of the Superintendence for Archaeological Heritage of Tuscany, for providing the archaeological wood used during the experimentation. The authors would warmly thank [PERSON] for fruitful discussions and [PERSON] for his precious help in experimental assistance (extraction protocols). The authors declare no conflict of interest.