## 4 Discussion  
The concentrations of macro and micronutrients from _Bixa orellana_ fruits and seeds are presented in Table 1. In Table 2, we present the sulfur chemical speciation based on synchrotron radiation spectroscopic measurements. The results presented in Table 1 confirm that, using WD-XRF, it is possible to efficiently obtain fast and reliable results regarding the inorganic composition of _Bixa orellana_ fruits and seeds, with minimal sample preparation. Furthermore, a great advantage of working with this technique is that it provides a full screening of all inorganic constituents of the seeds, allowing for a complete determination of the presence of some elements otherwise not identified in specifically developed calibration curves, such as chlorine or rubidium, which are reported in this study. This is possible because the full analysis mode available with the standardless application allows all fluorescence emission lines to be scanned. The results obtained using WD-RXF show that the seeds of _Bixa orellana_ are a source of nutrients such as potassium, magnesium, calcium, and phosphorus. Potassium is present in samples in concentrations of a few percent, highlighting that these seeds may be considered an interesting source of potassium compared to other foods [29; 30]. The calcium content is not as high as the potassium content, but it is higher than those commonly found in other edible seeds [30]. Magnesium, which is related to energy absorption, enzymatic regulation, and structural functions in plant tissues, is also more concentrated in the seeds than in the pericarp. Our results show that _Bixa orellana_ seeds have similar magnesium levels compared to other seeds [30]. The phosphorus concentration is higher in the seeds compared to the pericarp, likely due to the high metabolic activity associated with this tissue. The same observations of macronutrient content apply to the pericarp, which is usually taken just as a sub product in most applications of this plant. In a previous study carried out by two Brazilian Research Institutions, EMBRAPA and CPATU, it was observed that the pericarp might accumulate more nutrients than the seed [11]. In the present study, we proved that the pericarp has similar nutrient concentrations to those found in the seeds. In the case of calcium and potassium, it may even surpass the concentrations found in seeds. This brings our attention to the fact that important nutrients might be wasted in the production of urucum, for instance, which is widely used in the cosmetic and food industries. Although a few studies focused on the inorganic composition of _Bixa orellana_ fruits and seeds, none of them were performed using the WD-XRF technique. Our results are, in any case, in good agreement with previously reported measurements performed with specimens collected in different regions and analyzed using different methods. For instance, in a study carried out with specimens collected in Guatem [8] and analyzed using chemical methods, only results for calcium, phosphorus, and iron were reported. From those results, it can be observed that the content of phosphorous and iron is fairly similar in all samples and in agreement with our results. The results presented for calcium, on the other hand, show slightly lower concentrations compared to the present results. Moreover, we observed a similar trend in the distribution, with pericarp accumulating a higher amount of calcium, phosphorus, and iron than the seeds. This variation in mineral distribution may be related to soil nutritional characteristics and genetic factors. However, due to its role as a protective tissue, the pericarp is expected to exhibit a high concentration of calcium, providing greater rigidity to this tissue [31]. Studies conducted by [PERSON] et al. [32] indicate that higher concentrations of iron and copper in the seed coat are associated with water impermeability.