## 1 Introduction  
With the rapid development of the Internet, online shopping has become one of the most commonly used shopping methods. The main advantage of Internet shopping is its convenience and the simplification of the sales process [1]. Consumers can skip the steps involving the seller, allowing products to be delivered directly to them by the supplier through courier services [2, 3]. However, when shopping online, consumers can only understand the products through pictures, videos, and product descriptions, leading to a lack of experiential engagement and interaction [4, 5]. The multi-sensory product packaging design allows designers to overcome the limitations of the traditional visual promotion model, beginning with the human senses of sight, hearing, taste, smell, and touch [3, 5]. This approach stimulates consumers' sensory functions in multiple ways, enabling them to understand the product more realistically and effectively guiding their consumption [6, 7, 8]. In the online shopping environment, the future development of packaging design will transcend traditional approaches to promotion, enhancing product identification through multi-sensory design [9]. This will integrate packaging into consumers' lives in a more humane, interactive, and engaging manner.  
Virtual reality technology (VR) combines computer graphics, artificial intelligence, sensor display technology, network technology, and other cross-disciplinary fields [10]. Customers benefit from reduced shopping time, 24/7 availability, and increased product information in the virtual reality shopping environment [11]. The proposed Shop-WISE method allows consumers to select, inspect, or search for products in a virtual environment [12]. [PERSON] [13] compared the consumer interface of VR shopping malls with traditional shopping centers and concluded that VR shopping significantly enhances consumer satisfaction. [PERSON] [14] studied the shopping experiences of the elderly population and proposed solutions based on the findings. [PERSON] [15] expands the sensory shopping experience through VR, enriching the positive emotions of consumers to stimulate their imagination and creative thinking. [PERSON] [16] analyzes consumer evaluations of packaged products in immersive VR, manipulating package structure and haptic cues and elucidating potential differences with consumer responses in real life. [PERSON] [17] provides a practical method for assessing the shelf prominence of product packaging, revealing how consumer attention is affected by design elements in product packaging within a shop. Virtual reality technology provides a sense of reality by enabling consumers to immerse themselves in a virtual environment from a first-person perspective and interact with objects through virtual reality devices [18; 19].  
Although virtual reality technology has been widely used in online shopping, its application in packaging is still being explored. Investigating a virtual packaging multi-sensory evaluation model that combines virtual reality technology with multi-sensory design is of great value. This study aims to examine the relationship between packaging materials and functions and consumer sensory experience in virtual environments and to establish an evaluation model for the multi-sensory performance design of packaging in virtual environments. This model is intended to guide the decision-making process of the consumer multi-sensory experience at the initial stage of virtual packaging design. The structure of the study is shown in Figure 1.