# Smart System for the Optimization of Logistics Performance of the Pruning Biomass Value Chain
## 1 Introduction
### Telematics Information System  
Telematics is modern technology of receiving, storing, and sending of information in a wireless form. In a broad sense, it means, the use of informatics and telecommunication in an integrated form. In a telematics system, technologies such as the Global Positioning System (GPS), General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), and GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) are used. GPS is a space-based global navigation satellite system (GNSS) that provides reliable location and time information in all weather and at all times unless the receiver is underground or in unobstructed line of sight to four or more GPS satellites. The GPRS is a packet-oriented mobile data service on the 2G and 3G cellular communication systems. The GSM, originally from Groupe Special Mobile, is the world's most popular standard for mobile telephony systems.  
According to the European Telecommunication Standards Institute (ETSI), GSM was originally designed to operate in the 900 MHz band and gradually adapted for operation in bands up to 1900 MHz [5]. GPRS was commercially introduced first in early 2000s. It is enabler for always-on data connection with essential applications for web browsing and offers faster data rates than GSM i.e., up to 171 kbit/s, theoretically [6].  
Telematics can be used for providing real-time information in fleet management, vehicle tracking, and monitoring freight and driver data. Mobile telematics are emerging as new models connecting smartphones to a car's computer system and exchange data using the wireless network. In logistics companies, systems developed to improve fleet management mainly apply GPS and GSM.  
Telematics refers to the combination of telecommunication and informatics and it is of key importance in an intelligent transport system (ITS) [7]. Telematics can be expressed as \"the use of wireless devices and \"black box\" technologies to transmit data in real time back to an organization\" [8]. Mobile telematics are emerging as new models connecting smartphones to a car's computer system and exchange data using the wireless network. In logistics companies, systems developed to improve fleet management mainly apply GPS and GSM to retrieve real-time information.  
The management of goods during transport requires tracking (ability to locate goods at any time), tracing (ability to know the product movement from source to end user), and monitoring (ability to know and control product quality status during transportation) information and its analysis. This management approach is relevant for agricultural goods and it can be performed based on technologies such as wireless sensors for climatic conditions (such as temperature and humidity) which can be installed in a truck trailer [7]. [PERSON] et al. [9] proposed a logistics management system for cargo transport based on geofencing algorithms and radio-frequency technology, in order to improve services, reduce costs and ensure the safety in cargo transportation. [PERSON] et al. [10] used a wireless sensor network to monitor temperature and relative humidity in order to improve cold chain logistics for table grapes and increase traceability and product quality information.  
Some of the important communication technologies applicable in goods transport systems and implemented in the current SLS include QR codes, Bluetooth wireless communications devices, GPS and GPRS/GSM receivers. A QR Code is a matrix symbology where the symbols consist of an array of square modules arranged in a square pattern [11]. Bluetooth is a technology for wireless communication between different components. In the current Smart system, Bluetooth is used for communication between the Smart box code and scanner for reading the QR code, and IR (infrared) communication is used for communication between a PC and the Smart box. IR communication is used to load the required parameters, start data collection period, and download data from the Smart box.