## 4 Selection of Transport Modes according to the Economic Efficiency Criteria  
The method of selecting the transport modes proposed in the book [24] is based on the observation that the distance to be covered by the means of transport when transporting the excavated material for the **cross-cutting stage** can be described as the product of the distance between the loading and unloading points for individual mine faces multiplied by the number of journeys to be made to haul the material out of the blasted mine faces. Figure 1: Copper ore mining process recorded in business process model and notation (BPMN) [22]. Figure 2: The process of loading and unloading the winning recorded in business process model and notation (BPMN) [22]. Importantly, the duration of this task in the non-ferrous metal ore mine is limited to the duration of one shift since the primary goal is to ensure an appropriate output level. The distance between the dumping point and the loading point of the material \(d_{ij}\) located at the earlier intersection of the crosscut and the corridor (which results from the technology of loading the winning between the loader and haul trucks) can be expressed by the following Formula [24]:  
\[d_{ij}=i\left(S_{f}+S_{ch}\right)+q\ +\ j(D_{f}+S_{ch}) \tag{1}\]  
where \(S_{f}\)--width of the technological pillar [m], \(D_{f}\)--length of the technological pillar [m], \(S_{ch}\)--width of the drift [m], \(i\)--number of corridors, and \(j\)--number of crosscuts. By \(q\) the distance [m] between the discharge point and the beginning of the exploitation field is marked, resulting from the fact that the field of exploitation is contoured with a bundle of drifts in which the belt conveyor is placed. The places of loading points, conventionally marked as PZ, are shown in Figure 3, which includes a fragment of the exploitation field. It was taken into account that the point of loading the winning is always at the closest intersection of the corridor and the crosscut as space is needed for the loader to manoeuvre while collecting the product into the bucket (the product is scattered after the wall blasting) and for loading onto the haul truck. The loader cannot turn around in a tight excavation; to load HT the LHD loader must reverse to the nearest intersection. In the case of the winning haulage with the use of loaders only, minor movements of the loader while scooping the material onto a bucket have been omitted. Hence, both cases--the haulage of the output with the use of loaders and the sets of a loader plus haul trucks--have been described in a standardized manner. Then, using \(n\), \(n_{g}\), \(n_{d}\), \(n_{l}\), \(n_{p}\) the number of journeys for the winning and with it, between the discharge point PW and the loading point PZ, from individual types of chambers have been marked. For the calculation of the volume of the excavation sites made during the cross-cutting stage, for the entire field of exploitation, chambers in the shape of a \"cross\" were proposed. Additionally, it turned out to be necessary to describe the space remaining at the boundaries of the field with the following nomenclature: \"bottom\"  
Figure 3: Characteristic dimensions of the exploitation field and a diagram of the location of the winning loading points PZ at the cross-cutting stage [24]. and \"top\", \"left\" and \"right\". In addition, these spaces are characterized by the common name \"the remainder\". The proposed shapes of chambers and additional spaces, when summed up, make it possible to describe the total volume of workings at the cross-cutting stage, which was the main idea of such a division, details are shown in Figure 4.  
The number of journeys of the transport means depends on the volume of the product that can be obtained from a single area of a given type and the volume of the winning that can be transported at one time. The discharge points are opened in synchronisation with the movement of the front line of the crosscut.