## 1 Introduction  
The advancement of technology and connections through the network in IoT sensors, such as virtual data storage, allows real-time monitoring of any ecosystem, whether it is irrigation, construction, or supply [1; 2; 3]. IoT devices installed in hydro sanitary construction systems enable risk prevention during operation and control of the operational flow to make long-term predictions, aiding in the analysis of consumption behavior for a given beneficiary population [4]. In this case, IoT sensors with network connectivity were installed in fog catchers for water collection in areas with difficult access to the resource, and in intelligent flow meters as part of the drinking water distribution network for consumption at the same university [5; 6; 7; 8; 9; 10; 11; 12; 13]. Their inclusion is a cost-benefit solution and an alternative to building hydraulic works in complex sites or detecting system failures through on-site destructive tests [14; 15]. Additionally, monitoring water consumption in an institution with groundwater wells helps quantify the water extracted versus what the well can provide during its useful life, preventing permanent drying up. Another important case is determining the real minimum and maximum endowment based on daily consumption by the saturation population at the university. Another important point is the growth in the use of IoT flow meters for wastewater management, which allows precise control of volume and flow through the Internet [16], providing direct data on actual conditions and facilitating more efficient tracking and more accurate trend analysis. Integration with IoT also enables advanced automation solutions, improving operational accountability and management efficiency [17]. In Ecuador, there are populations in high-altitude areas where water resources are difficult to access, prompting researchers to develop new technologies to address this problem and control operations through historical data, such as installing IoT sensors to monitor the volume of water captured in fog catchers. The SAPSYB standard in Ecuador for rural and urban areas stipulates that a drinking water installation is designed for a period of 20-25 years in continuous operation. Therefore, in large complexes such as a university, it is important to know the system's status when it completes its design period. New technologies, such as implementing IoT flow meters at strategic points to measure flow and control discharges, support hypotheses about the system's current state, and estimate non-revenue water (NRW), a crucial factor for formulating solutions. The lead author of this work has published theoretical and experimental research pioneering the practical application of IoT sensor systems in water resource management. Unlike other theoretical studies, the research presented here successfully used smart sensors installed in systems such as fog trap towers and smart flow meters in real environments in Ecuador. These implementations have proven to be effective and cost-effective strategies for water monitoring and management, especially in low-income communities. The accuracy and reliability of these devices highlight the innovative and sustainable impact of the lead author's work, significantly differentiating it from other researcher's efforts. The objective of this work was to describe the performance of IoT sensors installed in water collection systems such as fog catchers in low-income communities in Ecuador, as well as the use of IoT flow meters in the drinking water network at the University of the Armed Forces ESPE, by monitoring and obtaining data in real time. The study design came about through meta-analysis and systematic search of related works, mainly results obtained in studies and practical projects where prediction models were generated to capture water from fog and monitoring of the amount of water that can be generated in various regions of Ecuador, highlighting the profitability of the trap systems compared to traditional drinking water systems.