## 4 Results
### Descriptive Statistics and ANOVA Analysis of Rating Data
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline
**Core Category** & **Selective Coding** & **Open Coding** \\ \hline Visual & \multirow{4}{*}{Artistic style} & \(\blacktriangle\) Paintings generated by AI can be identified because of high standardization \\ performance & & \(\blacktriangle\) The visual style lacks a uniqueness (AP05, AP18, AP10). \\  & & \(\blacktriangle\) The color is very harmonious (AP01, AP06–07). \\  & & \(\blacktriangle\) The strokes are rich and vivid (AP04). \\ \hline Semantic matching & \multirow{4}{*}{Space attributes} & \(\blacktriangle\) Did not generate elements accurately based on the prompt (NH04). \\  & & \(\blacktriangle\) There are some mistakes in element positions (AP01, AP06–07, AP09, AH06). \\  & & \(\blacktriangle\) When prompts are complex, some elements are usually lost (AP09, NH02, NH06). \\  & & \(\blacktriangle\) The generated space layout has deviation (AP04, AP09, NH06). \\  & & \(\blacktriangle\) In some results, the animal state was a little decadent, which did not meet the prompt (AP06). \\ \hline Human–AI interaction & \multirow{4}{*}{Support control} & \(\blacktriangle\) Some naughty words are banned (AP03, NH06). \\  & & \(\blacktriangle\) Unlike traditional brushes and paints, they can help you realize that what you think is what you get, and it is completely under your control \\  & & \(\blacktriangle\) More iterations can make the results closer to inner thoughts (AP03–05). \\  & & \(\blacktriangle\) Prompting rules are related to the final generated effect to a great extent (AP02–04, AP06, NH02–04). \\  & & \(\blacktriangle\) Any small difference in prompts would cause disparate generation (AP01–08, NH01–10). \\ \hline Creation experience & \multirow{4}{*}{Creation assistance} & \(\blacktriangle\) There are still differences in using language to express emotions instead of painting, even though all the elements described are generated (AP07–09). \\  & & \(\blacktriangle\) Generated some fantastic images that I just imagine but cannot draw \\  & & \(\blacktriangle\) Compared with the result of matching with prompts, some unexpected \\  & & \(\blacktriangle\) surprise is preferred (AP02, AP04). \\  & & \(\blacktriangle\) It is like Pandora’s Box. If it is not a surprise, it may be a shock (AP01, AP06). \\ \hline Culture cognition & \multirow{4}{*}{Work displacement} & \(\blacktriangle\) The originally generated image is full of Indian style home decorations with cultural differences (NH03). \\ \hline Technological ethics & \multirow{4}{*}{Work displacement} & \(\blacktriangle\) AI cannot generate my unique styles and cannot replace senior \\  & & \(\blacktriangle\) Painters (AP10). \\  & & \(\blacktriangle\) A little confused about own core competitiveness (AP06–07). \\  & & \(\blacktriangle\) Maybe some work related to painting will be impacted by AI (AP06, NH05). \\  & & \(\blacktriangle\) Due to the mixture and collage of painting styles, the ownership of \\  & & copyright is a complex issue (AP01, AP03–07). \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 7: The codes used to code the creators’ reflections on co-creation with AI: \(\blacktriangle\) was used to mark the feedback from the artists; \(\blacksquare\) indicates the feedback from the nonartists; and \(\bullet\) represents the feedback from both of the two groups.