# Effects of Vibration on Adjacent Pipelines under Blasting Excavation
## 1 Introduction  
Drilling and blasting are common techniques for excavating underground spaces, and their main advantages are their low cost and high efficiency [1]. However, the blast wave generated during the blasting process may harm the underground space cavern structure and the surrounding rock and even impact the stability of the surface structure [2, 3]. To guarantee the safety and stability of buried pipes, it is essential to scientifically assess blast vibration impact on buried pipes and control the adverse effects of blast vibration.  
At present, researchers have extensively studied the effects of high-strain rates and loading conditions, such as blast shock loads, on buried pipelines [4, 5, 6, 7, 8]. To ensure the pipelines can serve under blast loads, researchers have developed relevant safety standards, but there are discrepancies in their conclusions [9, 10, 11]. It has also been found that due to the influences of geological conditions, pipe materials, and types, the responses of different pipes to the same explosion source vary. Researchers have explored different perspectives to analyze pipeline response characteristics effectively. [PERSON] et al. studied the pipeline strain characteristics of the P-wave and Rayleigh wave through theoretical analysis [12]. [PERSON] et al. proposed relevant empirical equations to analyze the effects of blast impact loading [13]. With the development of science and technology, people have begun to use numerical simulation methods combined with field tests to study the effects of explosive loading on pipelines [14, 15, 16]. Previous studies have focused on pipeline dynamic responsecharacteristics and influencing factors [17]. For example, [PERSON] et al. investigated the effects upon adjacent pipelines during rock-blasting excavation in soil layers using numerical simulation methods [18]. [PERSON] et al. investigated the dynamic response of buried polyethylene pipes to blast impact loads and analyzed the influencing factors using numerical simulation [19]. [PERSON] et al. investigated the blast response of a glass fiber reinforced polymer pipeline using numerical simulation [20]. [PERSON] et al. analyzed the response characteristics of water and pipes under blast vibration using numerical simulations [21].  
This study is based on a blasting construction project and used a buried pipeline as its research object (Section 2). Firstly, the propagation law of blasting vibration was conducted by developing a surface soil \(PPV\) prediction model (Section 3). Secondly, a three-dimensional numerical model considering in situ stress was established to analyze the response characteristics of the buried pipe under blasting vibration using the finite element analysis software, ANSYS/LS-DYNA (Section 4). Finally, the dynamic response characteristics of the buried pipe and the attached soil were analyzed, and the safety criterion was proposed (Section 5). This paper serves as a case study to comprehensively assess the safety of pipelines subjected to blast shock loads, focusing on the dynamic response characteristics of soil and pipelines to blast vibration.