## 2 Materials and Methods
### Biomass Inventory of the Individual Parts of the Model Trees  
The biomass of five sample trees was determined by an inventory carried out at the turn of spring and summer 2018 [25]. For this purpose, a sample area of 0.03 ha was established. Of the 114 trees within this area, five model trees were selected and extracted. Their DBH represented the average values for the main research plot (Table 1). The DBH measurement was made by the forest cluster. Sectional measurements were taken on approximately 1 m sections of the tree trunk (Figure 2). The stem was then pruned, and the separated branches were divided into two categories: main branches, and fine branches with needles. The root system was also excavated for each of these five model trees. The main roots (at least 2 mm thick) were cleaned and the trunks were collected.  
The contribution of components such as deadwood (above and below ground) and undergrowth in the total stand biomass was estimated separately at four sample areas (50 m\({}^{2}\) each). Two smaller circular areas (approximately 0.2 m\({}^{2}\)) were set up within these areas (established by tossing a hula hoop), and a single sampling was performed by collecting plants from these small areas. All herbaceous plants, bryophytes, and woody plants up to 0.5 m high were collected and cut at the ground with shears. Samples of fine roots were collected from the center of each area using a cylindrical root collector (volume 1387 cm\({}^{3}\), diameter 4.7 cm, height 20 cm) inserted to a depth of 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm. Dead aboveground wood biomass consisted of standing deadwood, living and dead thick branches (>7 cm in diameter at the thicker end). For the belowground dead wood estimation, stems or trunks of torn, broken and felled trees were included. Dry mass was also determined for each tree separately by drying individual tree parts at 65 \({}^{\circ}\)C. The  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**No.**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**DBH**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Stem with Bark**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Bark**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Main Branches**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Fine**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Needles**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Fine Roots**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Main Roots**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Total (Whole Tree)**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**AGB**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**BG (\% DB)**} \\  & & & & & & & & & & & \\ \hline
**1** & **8.0** & **12.9** & **1.7** & **2.3** & **1.5** & **1.2** & **0.95** & **2.8** & 23.43 & 84.0 & 16.0 \\
2 & 9.8 & 17.5 & 2.3 & 4.3 & 3.2 & 2.8 & 0.94 & 4.3 & 35.32 & 85.1 & 14.9 \\
3 & 11.7 & 23.5 & 3.1 & 6.1 & 2.9 & 2.5 & 0.98 & 4.6 & 43.61 & 87.3 & 12.7 \\
4 & 12.5 & 28.4 & 4.3 & 12.7 & 4.2 & 3.1 & 1.02 & 8.2 & 61.89 & 85.0 & 15.0 \\
5 & 13.3 & 29.9 & 4.6 & 6.0 & 3.5 & 2.8 & 1.01 & 7.9 & 53.13 & 88.2 & 11.8 \\ Average & 11.1 & 22.4 & 3.2 & 6.3 & 3.1 & 2.5 & 0.98 & 5.6 & 43.47 & 85.9 & 14.1 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 1: Dry Biomass (DB) of the above- (AGB) and belowground (BGB) components of the five model trees (kg).  
results of biomass estimations of the five model trees are presented in Table 1. Carbon content in the dry biomass was calculated as the average of the samples from the trees' components. The highest value was characteristic for stem and bark, and the lowest for fine roots, resulting in an average of 50% carbon content in dry biomass. NPP was calculated as 50% of the total dry biomass. Within the main study area (1 ha), other forest ecosystem elements such as deadwood (both above and below ground) and undergrowth (herbaceous plants, bryophytes, woody plants up to 0.5 m high) constituted approximately 6.3% of the total dry biomass.