## 6 Conclusions  
This study conducted a systematic evaluation of cultural ecosystem services (CES) provided by 12 major urban parks on the Macau Peninsula. Social media data were analyzed by integrating natural language processing (NLP), multimedia interaction techniques, and spatial analysis methods. Firstly, the effectiveness of social media data in quantitatively assessing cultural heritage ecosystem services was verified. Social media data successfully captured users' sentiment evaluations and perceptions regarding explicit services, such as esthetic appreciation and landscape experiences. Secondly, Macau parks performed well in dimensions of esthetic appreciation and landscape experience. However, their performance was relatively weak in science education and cultural heritage functions. This deficiency limited the role of Macau parks as media for cultural heritage dissemination. To address this limitation, it is suggested that multimedia interaction techniques, such as virtual tours, interactive educational displays, and digital cultural experiences, be employed. These measures could enhance cultural expression and educational functions, diversify park services, and improve user engagement in the future. Finally, cultural services provided by Macau parks did not exhibit significant spatial clustering. Differences in service quality were primarily driven by park design and functional positioning rather than geographic location. The sentiment evaluation analysis indicated that esthetic appreciation and landscape experiences were primary factors influencing users' emotional connections with the parks. In contrast, insufficient explicit expression of cultural heritage and educational functions resulted in weaker user perceptions of these dimensions. Therefore, it is recommended that multimedia interactive cultural experience activities be introduced to effectively enhance users' perceptions and emotional connections with cultural heritage ecosystem services. Based on the findings of this study, several recommendations are proposed to address existing deficiencies in cultural heritage ecosystem services (CES) provided by Macau urban parks. Firstly, Macau's unique historical and cultural resources should be fully explored. Cultural landscape designs, historical narrative exhibitions, and local cultural symbols could be integrated into park planning. These measures would strengthen heritage transmission functions, thereby enhancing cultural value and user identification with parks. Secondly, to enhance user experiences, multimedia interactive technologies are recommended. These include virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and digital guided tours, which could enrich cultural service presentations and increase their interactivity and attractiveness. Additionally, in response to user concerns regarding insufficient facility maintenance and overcrowding, it is suggested that facility layouts and spatial management be optimized. Interactive spaces should be rationally configured, and dynamic crowd control measures implemented, to maintain high standards of service quality and efficiency despite high visitor numbers. Furthermore, it is recommended that the educational functions of parks be expanded. Ecological exhibition paths, interactive educational activities, and digital science content could be added to enhance public awareness of cultural heritage and ecological conservation. These optimization measures are applicable not only to improving cultural services in Macau urban parks but also offer practical references for green space management and cultural heritage conservation in other highly urbanized regions globally. Although this study provided a comprehensive evaluation of cultural heritage ecosystem services in Macau's urban parks using social media data mining and multimedia interactive evaluation techniques, certain limitations remain. First, the representativeness of social media data is limited.