## 3 AR/VR Hardware and Software Requirements
### WiFi for AR/VR  
Both 5G and the WiFi 6 enhancements are acting as potential technologies to satisfy the market demands with their increased throughput and quality of service (QoS) requirements. The limitations of capacity and coverage occurring in 5G technology due to the lack of resources can be overcome by utilizing the free unlicensed spectrum in WiFi technology. Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) modulation facilitates the coexistence of both technologies to enable higher speeds, high capacity, and low latency for enhanced QoS performances [83]. WiFi is a powerful wireless communication technology for connectivity in AR/VR applications. Qualcomm announced new WiFi 6E wireless chips, known as the FastConnect 6900 and 6700 chips [84], designed for mobile devices. They support VR-class latency for streaming VR over WiFi. These WiFi 6E Qualcomm chips are an extension of the previous WiFi 6 (based on 802.11 ax), open up more channels and bandwidth up to 3.6 Gbps, and provide a latency of less than 3 ms. Innovative applications such as wireless backhauling, AR/VR, 8K video streaming, and sensing are enabled by 5 GB communications focusing on the performance analyses of wireless protocols and standards. With the progress of IEEE 802.11 be, expected to be marketed as WiFi 7 by the WiFi Alliance,the IEEE standard association is investigating the possible upgrades for the \"Beyond be\" or \"Next-Gen WiFi\", potentially touted as WiFi 8. WiFi 7, known for its full-duplex nature, aims at overcoming the challenges faced by the half-duplex communication system in WiFi 6 and earlier generations of WiFi. WiFi 7 has many advantages such as the utilization of available resources for increased flexibility in dense deployments, the usage of hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) in enabling a reliable and low-latency transmission, and the addition of time-sensitive networking (TSN) for a jitter-free, seamless AR/VR environment [85]. WiFi 7 is projected to have an extremely high throughput by supporting a higher peak data rate of 30 Gbps per AP, which is four-times faster than WiFi 6 [9]. An improvement beyond WiFi 7's technological advancements is required for more innovative solutions to reduce latency and support data rate demands for AR/VR applications apart from the usage of WiFi 7 for the Internet of Things (IoT), high-resolution video streaming, low-latency wireless services, etc. Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) are among the fundamental solutions for Next-Gen WiFi to ensure the ultra-reliability and low latency of the service. A task group to enable AR/VR applications known as IEEE 802.11 bf [86] has been introduced by the IEEE as an extension to the current IEEE 802.11 ay for WLAN sensing with high throughput functionalities and centimeter-level sensing resolution. IEEE 802.11 bf defines WLAN sensing technology as the WiFi signals used for performing sensing tasks by making use of the wireless signals received from WLAN-sensing-capable stations. The obtained wireless signals are then examined to determine the features (e.g., range, velocity, angular, motion, presence or proximity, gesture) of the intended targets in the surrounding environment.