Regarding MNC, most of the research has been focused on the physical layer, that is, modeling the channel and developing modulation [17] and coding schemes [2]. However, after establishing the link, other important aspects, such as network architecture and protocols, should be developed. Integrating nanonetworks with existing networking infrastructures poses significant challenges due to the fundamental differences in their communication methods. While existing networks rely on carrier-based EM communication, nanonetworks utilize energy-constrained pulse-based communication. Bridging the gap between these macro- and nano-worlds requires specialized gateway nodes, but this aspect has not received sufficient attention in the current literature. Addressing the issue of data acquisition from nanonetworks presents two main challenges. Firstly, the disparity between the demands of nanonetworks and the limited bandwidth of the backhaul link connecting them to the macro-world hampers the overall efficiency. To mitigate this problem, a polling mechanism has been proposed as a potential solution [18]. Various hierarchical network architectures have also been suggested to facilitate body-centric communication and sensing-based applications [6; 19]. Secondly, the existing research primarily focuses on enabling uplink communication from nanonetworks to the macro-world. However, to fully harness the potential of envisioned applications, downlink communication, particularly for control-related purposes, is essential. It is crucial for future investigations to concentrate on minimizing the latency of such communication. Nanocommunication security is an important but challenging topic. The security goals of nanocommunication include confidentiality, integrity, and availability [20; 21]. Achieving these goals poses several challenges, such as developing methods for establishing shared encryption keys, minimizing the overhead of secure communication protocols, and developing means for detecting and responding to malicious attacks [20]. Some applications of MNC require secure communication, but very few works have considered the problem of security over MNC links [20; 22]. More research is needed to address the security challenges of nanocommunication. This research should focus on developing efficient and effective security mechanisms that are tailored to the unique characteristics of nanocommunication systems. The THz band is currently not regulated, and the responsibility for shaping its future lies with the scientific community. The IEEE P1906.1 standard serves as a conceptual framework for nanoscale communication networks' development [23]. It defines a common data model based on the YANG data modeling language, facilitating configuration, management, and analysis of nanoscale communication systems. The data model includes several core components, including devices, links, communication protocols, and applications. It also includes a number of extensions that allow it to be used for specific applications, such as molecular and quantum communications. Despite its merits, the standard has some shortcomings. Firstly, it lacks a discussion on the characteristics and references powering solutions for potential nanodevices, which is crucial considering the power consumption challenges in nanoscale communication networks. Secondly, it does not provide specific recommended values and ranges for the transmission power and signal-to-noise ratio for reception, making it difficult to design efficient and reliable systems. Thirdly, the standard does not cover techniques for OSI layers 2 and 3, hindering protocol interoperability with existing communication networks like the Internet. To establish effective standardization for THz-based nanocommunication, substantial research efforts are necessary. Addressing the limitations of the IEEE P1906.1 standard and developing new techniques for nanoscale communication are key focus areas.