## 2 Materials and Methods
### Data Presentation  
The results are presented in a tabular form (Tables 2 and 3), which contains a summary description of the categories extracted from the articles, in order to respond to the objective and guiding questions of this study. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**Database** & **Search Strategy** & **Filters** \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Science Direct®} & (tone OR stiffness OR spasticity) & 2011–2023 \\  & AND ”clinical measures” AND & English, French, Portuguese, \\  & (injury OR lesion) AND adults & Spanish \\  & ((tone OR stiffness OR spasticity) & 2011–2023 \\ PubMed® & AND (“clinical measures”) AND & English, French, Portuguese, \\  & (injury OR lesion) AND adults)) & Spanish \\  & tone AND (stiffness OR spasticity) & 2011–2023 \\ Web of ScienceTM & AND (clinical measures) AND & 2011–2023 \\  & (central nervous system) AND & 2011–2023 \\  & (injury OR lesion) AND adults & \\  & (tone AND (stiffness OR & \\  & spasticity) AND (“clinical & 2011–2023 \\ Google Scholar® & measures”) AND (“central & English, French, Portuguese, \\  & nervous system”) AND (injury & Spanish \\  & OR lesion) AND adults)) & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Search strategies used for the different databases. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Author/Year** & **Study Design** & **Objective** & **Participants** & **CNS Disorder** \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{ \begin{tabular}{c} [PERSON] et al., \\ 2011 [28] \\ \end{tabular}  } & \multirow{4}{*}{Test–retest} & To investigate the intra-rater reliability of the MMAS for the assessment of spasticity in the lower limb. & n = 23 & \(\bullet\) & Multiple sclerosis (n = 18) \\  & & To investigate the inter-rater reliability of the MAS and MMAS for the assessment of poststroke elbow & (M = 9) & (n = 18) \\  & & The assessment of spasticity in the lower limb. & Mean age: 37.3 years & \(\bullet\) & Stroke (n = 5) \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{ \begin{tabular}{c} [PERSON] et al., 2011 \\ [29] \\ \end{tabular}  } & \multirow{4}{*}{Observational} & To investigate the inter-rater reliability of the MAS and MMAS for the assessment of poststroke elbow flexor spasticity. & n = 64 & \multirow{4}{*}{\ \begin{tabular}{c} Stroke (n = 64) \\ \end{tabular}  } \\  & & To investigate the intra-rater reliability of the MAS for the assessment of poststroke elbow flexor spasticity. & (M = 41) & \\  & & To investigate the intra-rater reliability of the MAS for the assessment of poststroke elbow flexor spasticity. & (35–82 years) Mean age: & \(\bullet\) & Stroke (n = 64) \\  & & To determine the effect of pain and contracture presence on the reliability of the MAS. & n = 30 & \(\bullet\) & Multiple sclerosis (n = 1) \\  & & To determine the effect of pain and contracture presence on the reliability of the MAS. & (30–69 years) Mean age: & \(\bullet\) & Stroke (n = 25) \\  & & To perform a functional assessment of therapeutic & (M = 7) & \(\bullet\) & Tumour (n = 3) \\  & & The analysis in patients. & age = 52.9 years & \(\bullet\) & Traumatic brain injury (n = 2) \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{ \begin{tabular}{c} [PERSON] et al., \\ 2013 [17] \\ \end{tabular}  } & \multirow{4}{*}{Experimental} & To establish the construct validity of using a wearable sensor system for elbow flexor and extensor & n = 9 & \(\bullet\) & Spinal cord injury \\  & & To evaluate a new portable toolkit for quantifying & n = 103 & \(\bullet\) & Multiple sclerosis (n = 14) \\  & & Upper and lower extremity muscle tone in patients with UMN syndrome.