### Literature Review
#### 1.3.2 Aluminosilicate Component  
Potentially possible and practically used, aluminosilicate components for the synthesis of geopolymers are classified into three categories: technogenic, synthetic, and natural. Technogenic Aluminosilicates  
To take advantage of the most common types of technogenic aluminosilicate raw materials, it is necessary to determine the amount of waste from metallurgical (e.g., blast furnace slag, steel-making slag) and fuel (e.g., ash and fly ash from TPPs) industries. In the modern world, there is an acute issue of disposal of metallurgical and ash and slag waste (ASW), which require large areas for their placement and storage. The use of human-made waste and by-products of aluminosilicate composition (blast furnace slag, fly ash, etc.) in the production of geopolymer binders can be an alternative to Portland cement in terms of environmental and economic efficiency [28; 29]. However, the limited application of the technogenic variety of aluminosilicates is explained by the fact that their main properties, structure, mineral, and chemical compositions largely depend on the components of the mineral part of the fuel, the mode, and conditions of the technological process. Additionally, the methods of disposal and storage, etc., cause significant fluctuations in the chemical and mineral composition and the morphology of the constituent particles, leading to instability of its quality as a raw material component. Synthetic Aluminosilicates  
As a synthetic raw material in the production of geopolymers, metakaolin (Al\({}_{2}\)Si\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{7}\)) is used as the main raw material component, which is of considerable interest to material scientists. The formation of the metakaolin structure occurs as a result of firing kaolinite at a temperature of 550-900 \({}^{\circ}\)C for up to 24 h. Regardless of the manufacturer, the resulting aluminosilicate material is characterized by the constancy of the chemical composition,morphology, and dispersion of particles, which provides it with high quality as a raw material [6; 10; 15; 16; 17; 18; 19; 20; 21; 23]. Natural Aluminosilicates  
The use of natural sources of aluminosilicate raw materials has become more widespread than synthetic analogs due to the wide variety of the raw material base, the presence of large nature reserves, and the relative constancy of the chemical and mineral composition in comparison with technogenic analogs. The classification of natural aluminosilicates is presented in the form of a block diagram in Figure 1.  
There are significant reserves of mineral raw materials in Russia and a developed mining industry, which is associated with forming a considerable amount of waste. The bulk of this waste is not used and stored in dumps, creating environmental issues in their storage places. Only a small part of mining waste is used as aggregate for concrete and mortar, as well as soil dumping. It was found that crushed igneous rocks of aluminosilicate composition with alkaline activation are capable of gaining a strength of 40-80 MPa. According to the technologies existing at precast concrete factories, structural concrete with a strength of 20-40 MPa can be obtained based on such binders. The advantage of these binders is their production technology's energy and resource-saving potential. These advantages are because the leading share of raw materials--waste from the mining industry of aluminosilicate composition--does not require heat treatment, and the raw material is a large-tonnage waste, the utilization of which allows you to save mineral resources for future generations [6; 10; 21; 23; 28; 29]. During the extraction of stone rocks and the production of large aggregate for concrete, 22-28% of waste is formed in the form of crushing screenings fr. 0-5 mm, a significant part of which is not used and is stored in dumps. This waste contains a considerable amount of dust fraction, with 0-0.3 mm, which is of the greatest value for developing an energy-saving  
Figure 1: Classification of natural aluminosilicates. technology.