###### Abstract
The primary driver in the development of high throughput wireless local area networks (WLANs) such as 802.11 ax (Wi-Fi 6E), as well as 5G wireless systems, is the requirement of compact structure antennas that provide wide bandwidth for mobile and other wireless devices. In modern WLANs, planar microstrip patch antennas (MPAs) are preferred because of their compactness, flexible structure, low profile and cost, simplicity of design, and ability to conform with printed circuit boards (PCBs) [8,9]. A conventional MPA resonates at a single frequency band and offers low gain and narrow bandwidth, although by the insertion of different stubs and slots to change the current path, the MPA can be made to cover multiple frequency bands [9,10]. Using the MPA design techniques, many researchers [5, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14] have proposed different antenna array designs for 5G wireless systems operating at both microwave and mmW frequency bands. Recently, there has been much interest in fractal antenna design techniques for the upcoming 5G system [14, 15, 16, 17]. Fractal antenna structures are preferred because they not only help with the physical antenna size reduction, but also aid in the designing of miniaturized multiband antennas at a low cost. [PERSON] et al. [18] proposed the first fractal geometry. Since then, many different fractal antenna structures have been proposed in the literature, which include the Sierpinski gasket, Minkowski and Sierpinski carpet, Cantor set, and Koch curves geometries, etc. [14, 15, 16, 17, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32]. The issue with a conventional dual-band fractal array antenna is that it offers limited bandwidth and low gain due to the constraint of mutual coupling. In [23], it is shown that the circular fractal antenna array with a partial ground plane generates multiple frequency bands with a maximum bandwidth of \(\sim\)500 MHz and a gain of 5.94 dB, respectively. In [24], a miniaturized and compact two-fractal antennas with Koch-fed obtrusion/slot with the asymmetric ground plane (AGP) is presented, which shows an improved bandwidth of 100 MHz and a gain of 5 dB. In [25], an eight-element linear array of fractal antennas based on the Koch snowflake design technique is presented; the array develops a 15.18 dB gain with 105 MHz bandwidth and a radiation efficiency of 72.12%. In [26], the researchers presented a Sierpinski fractal antenna array with a coplanar waveguide (CPW) feed, which leads to multiband behavior. This antenna array design gives a bandwidth of 90 MHz and a gain of 11 dB. A complementary Sierpinski gasket fractal antenna array for portable multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wireless devices is presented in [28], which gives a single frequency band that shows a gain of 10 dB with a bandwidth of 400 MHz. Article [29] presents a four-branch array antenna system comprising sixteen rectangular and circular patch elements. The presented antenna operates at dual-band, which is at 2.54 and 5.64 GHz. The dual-band antenna array is appropriate for Wi-Fi, WiMAX, Bluetooth, Zigbee, and ISM applications. It keeps return loss at \(-\)10 dB while having better gain and directivity across both operating bands. In article [30], a dual-band array antenna system with high gain and a compact design is presented. It can be used in 5G communication systems. There are two monopole elements in the antenna array. The isolation between these two monopole elements was substantially increased, and the dimension of the antenna array was lowered by protruding the ground branches in the metal plane. A tri-band fractal hexagonal antenna array for 5G mobile networks is presented in [31]. Return loss improved with this design, and it also produces better radiation characteristics. As per the literature review presented here, most of the discussed designs demonstrate either improvement in gain or bandwidth, and most of the presented radiation patterns in the literature are omnidirectional in nature.