# A Novel Software Architecture Solution with a Focus on Long-Term IoT Device Security Support
## 2 Related Work
The indoor thermal comfort monitoring system [28] utilises standard IoT software architecture: perception layer (device), network layer (connect) and application layer (manage). The application layer does not provide an application, but a service used to collect data to run the desktop application locally. Security has not been considered in this work. [PERSON] et al. proposed an extensible modular IoT-based power extender for temperature control. The paper proposes a master-slave software architecture based on public or private cloud connectivity. The paper focuses on applying the concept to legacy devices and equipment to become smart machines [29]. A four-layer IoT architecture has been proposed, consisting of application, processing, transport and perception layer [30]. This architecture is the backbone of a smart and intelligent irrigation system based on edge computing proposed by [PERSON] et al. The perception layer is a physical layer. The transport layer is used to transport data across networks. The processing layer stores, inspects, and processes large amounts of data coming from the transport layer. Finally, the application layer provides application-specific functions to the end user. [PERSON] et al. proposed a new software architecture composed of four layers. The things layer uses industrial interconnected buses to connect devices. The data provider layer is used to collect data from the field buses and provide it in a packaged form. The middleware layer is used to exchange information over the Internet. The protocol is based on the publisher-subscriber paradigm. Finally, the application layer provides the connection between the user and things. All communication is handled bilaterally. Security is not considered in this work [31]. In their paper, [PERSON] et al. proposed a five-layer architecture that is application-driven, focusing on the lower layers in the agricultural environment. The sensor and actuator layers ingest raw data and provide digitised environmental data. The embedded low-power processor layer provides data tagged with a source identifier and enables coarse data analysis. The wireless transceiver layer sends data packets for detailed analysis. The internet gateway sends data for storage and retrieval. Finally, the last layer provides the data to the end user as an application management cloud server [32]. On the other hand, [PERSON] et al. propose a five-layer software architecture: perception, network, middleware, application and business. The business layer covers all IoT application and service management [6]. [PERSON] et al. proposed an android-based wound care solution to detect the level of feasibility of the environment for healing. The sensor data are analysed by a trained model to predict the environment feasibility for wounds in three different environments with excellent accuracy. In this work, a modified software architecture has been developed which is more cloud oriented [33]. [PERSON] et al., in the review paper \"Internet of Things: Evolution, Concerns and Security Challenges\", presented various software architectures and security threats on standard IoT layers. The paper classifies and discusses IoT vulnerabilities [34]. Security challenges are discussed in detail in [35], with a focus on IoT edge computing. In their review, the problems in a standard software architecture consisting of perception, network and application layers are addressed. Conventional and AI-driven privacy protection of edge-based IoT are compared and elaborated. The paper also considers open challenges and issues for securing IoT services in edge computing [35]. [PERSON] et al. proposed an IoT-inspired intrusion detection framework for a smart home security system. The modular framework is based on Fog layer as multiple devices communicate in the private network. The authors propose the network security as an important domain to be considered in future work [36].