# Integrated Geotechnical Analysis of Allophanic Volcanic Ash Soils: SDMT and Laboratory Perspectives
## 3 Results
### Laboratory Test Result
#### 3.2.5. Mechanical-Geotechnical Characterization of Caupicho  
Soil consolidation tests in Caupicho  
Table 19 lists the laboratory soil parameters of the four samples used in the consolidation test. The loading conditions for sample 1 were 12, 25, 50, and 100 Kpa, and the unloading pressures were 50, 25, and 12 MPa, respectively. For samples 2, 3, and 4, loading states of 25, 50, 100, 200, 400, and 800 with an average duration of eight days and unloading states of 200, 100, and 50 KPa with similar time averages were defined. Figure 13 shows the void index (e) as a function of the logarithm of pressure (log \(\sigma\)) and logarithm of time (log t) for the four samples tested by consolidation. Table 20 shows the results for the bulging index (Cs) and compression index (Cc). \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Sample**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Depth**} & **Final Void** & **Final Degree** & **Preconsolidation** & **\(\sigma\)\(\alpha\)** & **OCR (\(\sigma\)/\(\sigma\)\(\alpha\))** & **Bulging Index** & **Compression** \\  & & **Ratio (e)** & **of Saturation** & **Pressure (\(\sigma\)\(\alpha\))** & **\(\sigma\)\(\alpha\)** & **OCR (\(\sigma\)/\(\sigma\)\(\alpha\))** & **Bulging Index** & **Index** \\ \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{} & m & & \% & Kpa & Kpa & & Cs & Cs \\ \hline
1 & 6.5–7.0 & 4.32 & 99.75 & 25.00 & 19.09 & 1.31 & 0.23 & 3.71 \\
2 & 25.3-0.0 & 1.44 & 99.72 & 20.00 & 18.84 & 1.06 & 0.18 & 2.65 \\
3 & 55.6-0.0 & 2.42 & 99.10 & 22.40 & 20.84 & 1.07 & 0.35 & 2.57 \\
4 & 8.5-9.0 & 1.31 & 99.77 & & 28.68 & 0.15 & 2.21 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 20. Oedometric test calculations for samples 1, 2, 3 and 4. Figure 12. Geotechnical physical characterization of Caupicho as a function of depth: (**a**) moisture content; (**b**) liquid limit; (**c**) plastic limit; (**d**) plasticity index vsliquid limit; (**e**) ash content; (**f**) organic content; (**g**) altered and unaltered granulometric curves at different depths; and (**h**) specific weight of solids [42]. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Sample**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Depth**} & **Particle** & **Initial** & **Initial Bulk** & **Initial Dry** & **Initial Void** & **Initial Degree** \\  & & **Specific** & **Moisture** & **Content** & **Density** & **Density** & **Index (eo)** & **of Saturation** & **Porosity (n)** \\ \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{} & **m** & & **\%** & **Mg/m3** & **Mg/m3** & & **\%** & **\%** \\ \hline \hline
1 & 6.5–7.0 & 2.24 & 288.46 & 1.07 & 0.28 & 6.92 & 90.85 & 87.50 \\
2 & 2.5–3.0 & 2.27 & 257.16 & 1.14 & 0.32 & 6.14 & 95.14 & 85.90 \\
3 & 55–6.0 & 2.18 & 366.79 & 1.04 & 0.22 & 8.79 & 91.01 & 89.91 \\
4 & 8.5–9.0 & 2.24 & 256.54 & 1.15 & 0.32 & 5.93 & 96.86 & 85.71 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 19. Initial data of the oedometric test for samples 1, 2, 3, and 4. Figure 14 shows the deformation curves in mm versus the root of time in minutes, as suggested by [PERSON], 1942 [43]. Table 21 shows the coefficient of consolidation (Cv) obtained using the [PERSON] method (1942) for sample 1. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c} \hline \hline
**Pressure (Loading)** & **Coefficient of Consolidation (Cv)** \\ \hline
**Kpa** & **mm2/min** \\ \hline  & Depth: 6.5-7.0 m \\
12.50 & 13.59 \\
25.00 & 6.12 \\
50.00 & 9.43 \\
100.00 & 6.79 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 21: Coefficient of consolidation Cv at depth of 6.5-7 m from the oedometric test. Figure 14: (**a**) Strain (mm) vs. root time (min) at different loads of 12.5, 25, 50, and 100 KPa for sample 1; (**b**) strain (mm) vs. root time (min) at different loads of 25, 50, 100, 200, 400, and 500 KPa for sample 2; (**c**) strain (mm) vs. root time (min) at different loads of 25, 50, 100, 200, 400, and 500 KPa for sample 3; (**d**) strain (mm) vs. root time (min) at different loads of 25, 50, 100, 200, 400, and 500 KPa for sample 4.