esa-sceva/satcom-chunk-collection huggingface dataset:
## 3 Results and Discussion  
The target pesticides were identified as [M + H]\({}^{+}\) adduct ions, on the condition that the experimental accurate mass matches the theoretical one within a tolerance of \(\pm\)5 ppm, as well as the retention time of the analytes in the sample align with that in the standards within a \(\pm\)0.2 min tolerance in the same analytical batch. For additional verification, MS fragmentation was utilized, requiring at least one fragment ion. The UHPLC-Orbitrap MS/MS data are summarized in Table S1. To better correlate mass accuracy with matrix effects, a mixture of all target pesticides at a concentration of 50 \(\mu\)g L\({}^{-1}\) in the matrix was injected three times, and the average mass deviation, or mass error (\(\Delta\)), was calculated. As shown in Table S1, at a resolution of 60,000, the mass error was consistently less than 3 ppm. The fact that accurate mass measurements were unaffected by complex matrix components demonstrates that the LTQ/Orbitrap MS is effective in separating compounds from potential interferences.
# Enhanced Bug Priority Prediction via Priority-Sensitive Long Short-Term Memory-Attention Mechanism
## 4 Experimental Result
### Research Questions  
The experimental progress of this study was based on the following research questions.  
RQ1: Does the proposed model predict bug priorities well?  
We evaluated the performance of the proposed model before proceeding with a comparison between the proposed model and the baseline models. If the model predicted the priority of the bug reports, we proceeded with comparisons with the baseline models.  
RQ2: Is the proposed model applicable to bug report priority prediction?  
If the proposed model performs better than the baseline models, it can be used for priority prediction of bug reports. As such, we verified whether there were statistically significant differences [9; 10] between the baseline models and predictive performance evaluation.
# Performance Evaluation of GPS Auto-Surveying Techniques
## 3 Results
### Position Estimate Filtering Using a Threshold  
To improve the mean position estimate, a threshold filter based on the standard deviation, \(\sigma\), of the position solutions was used, with two different thresholds: \(1\sigma\) and \(2\sigma\). This filter works by taking the mean and standard deviation of the position estimates  
Figure 4: Mean error variation over time for the base station antenna with Hatch Filter and \(\gamma=0.010\).  
Figure 5: GDOP values for the 24 h survey of the base station antenna.  
Figure 3: Mean error variation over time for the base station antenna with no Hatch Filter.  
during the first hour and then uses those parameters to filter outliers in the data set, continuously updating the mean and standard deviation after the first hour. The results are presented in Figures 6-9.  
From these results, it is seen that for the \(2\sigma\) threshold, the EKF and UKF present a lower mean error but allow greater variation in the position solutions; meanwhile, for the LS and WLS, this greater variation allows an increase in the estimate error. For the \(1\sigma\) threshold, the results show significantly smaller variations for all methods but an increase in the mean error.
# Biomechanical Characteristics for Identifying the Cutting Direction of Professional Soccer Players
###### Abstract  
(1) Background: To understand the movement characteristics of soccer players when cutting in two directions (45\({}^{\circ}\) for the right and left cutting movements) through biomechanical analysis of the lower limbs to identify the cutting direction of the attacker; (2) Methods: A motion analysis system was used to capture the movements of 12 male professional soccer players diribbling to the left and right. Kinematics of the players' cutting were analyzed, and the paired t-test was used for statistics, with a significant level of \(\alpha=0.05\); (3) Results: When cutting towards the right, the height of the hip joint during the run-up was low (effect size, ES = 0.41, \(p\) = 0.031) at 91.8 \(\pm\) 7.0 cm. When cutting towards the left, the value was 94.6 \(\pm\) 6.7 cm. While cutting, the front foot was abducted by 4.3 \(\pm\) 4.0\({}^{\circ}\) at landing when cutting towards the right and adducted by 2.7 \(\pm\) 5.1\({}^{\circ}\) when cutting towards the left (ES = 0.38, \(p\) = 0.003); (4) Conclusions: When the attacker carries out the cutting action while approaching the defender, the cutting direction may be predicted by observing the attacker's hip and foot movements.  
Keywords:football; attack; defense +
Footnote †: journal: Applied Sciences
## 3 Results
### Causal Relationships of Carbon Sequestration on County Scale
#### 3.3.2 Causal Path Characteristics  
In areas outside municipal districts (Figure 8a), five direct paths drive CS: CSIF, AAF, WAN, GAR, and SSRD. CSIF emerged as the strongest driver (\(\beta\) = 0.44 ***), highlighting photosynthesis as the core driving force of CS amidst numerous external factors. This complexity is evident in the intricate causal network. AAF, along with POP, NTL, SoilN, SoilP, and DAN, indirectly influenced CSIF (\(\beta\) = 0.29 ***) through GAR, besides directly driving CS (\(\beta\) = 0.21 **). Notably, POP and NTL exerted an indirectly negative influence (\(\beta\) = \(-\)0.11 *, \(\beta\) = \(-\)0.49 ***), while AAF (\(\beta\) = 0.26 **) and SoilN (\(\beta\) = 0.34 ***) also indirectly impacted CS via CSIF. Both GAR and AAF in the county had direct and indirect effects on CS, with WAN's direct influence exceeding DAN's indirect impact. Whether direct or indirect, T2m and TP had no significant effect on CS.  
In municipal areas (Figure 8b), the direct and positive impact of NTL and T2m on CS became significant (\(\beta\) = 0.23 **, \(\beta\) = 0.24 ***), aligning with the unique dynamics of highly urbanized regions, where economic growth correlates with the urban heat island effect. While AAF maintains a strong direct effect on CS (\(\beta\) = 0.39 ***), its insignificant indirect pathway through CSIF suggests limited efficacy in boosting carbon sequestration via photosynthetic optimization. This implies that future afforestation should prioritize quantity-driven strategies. The direct impact of CSIF on CS was more pronounced than in the outside districts, suggesting stronger vegetation photosynthesis in urban areas, which may be caused by CO\({}_{2}\) fertilization. GAR's direct effect on CS paralleled that in the outside districts, indicating the consistent effectiveness of optimizing urban green space structure for CS enhancement. Neither WAN nor DAN significantly affected CS in urban areas. Notably, the inhibitory impact of increasing CO\({}_{2}\) concentrations on GAR became significant in municipal districts, reflecting the dampening effect of rising CO\({}_{2}\) on green space expansion. SoilN continued to indirectly affect CS through CSIF and GAR.  
Considering all counties (Figure 8c), the driving strength of CSIF on CS slightly diminished (\(\beta\) = 0.40 **), nearly matching AAF's influence (\(\beta\) = 0.38 **). The direct impact of GAR on CS intensified (\(\beta\) = 0.29 **), simplifying the overall causal network. The direct or indirect effects of SoilP, SoilN, POP, NTL, and WAN were not significant, nor were the influences of climate change factors and CO\({}_{2}\) concentration on CS. It is worth noting that these drivers show different significance in municipal districts and the outside districts, which suggests that it is necessary to discuss these two districts separately. However, the pathway of GAR indirectly affecting CS via CSIF (\(\beta\) = 0.31 **) remained significant,affirming the reliability of influencing vegetation photosynthesis by optimizing green spatial structure.
## 2 The Smart Rainfall System (SRS)  
Smart Rainfall System (SRS) is an innovative, patented technological solution for estimating and pinpointing rainfall in real-time and providing short-term forecasts of hydrogeological risk [10; 13; 14; 15]. SRS exploits the signal transmitted by commercial geostationary Digital Video Broadcasting Satellites (DVB-S, DVB-S2) to evaluate the quantity of rain falling over the area to be monitored and to provide continuous observation of atmospheric conditions. Suitable sensors have been developed to analyze the intensity of the microwave signal received from common parabolic antennas aligned with selected satellites, mostly operating in the \(Ku\) band. Each sensor belongs to an infrastructure implementing the Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm. Actually, the whole monitoring system consists of a network of satellite microwave links (SML) realized through the installation of measurement stations (composed by a parabolic antenna and SRS sensor) in the area to be monitored in a potentially extensive and widespread manner; each station continuously send small packets of data to the SRS data center. The latter, hosted on special cloud platforms, analyzes them and derives pluviometric information.
# Shunt Damping Vibration Control Technology: A Review
## 3 Passive Shunt
### Single Modal Vibration Control
Compared with fixed points theory, the explicit pole calibration leads to a balanced compromise between large modal damping and effective response reduction with limited damping effort. Furthermore, [PERSON] and [PERSON] [85] provided a unified presentation using the equal modal damping principle and calibrated the resonant control for different control formats, based on velocity, acceleration-position or position feedback. By extending the local piezoelectric transducer displacement by two additional terms, the flexibility and inertia contributions from the residual vibration modes that are not directly addressed by the shunt damping, [PERSON] and [PERSON] [86] improved the calibration principle. Figure 6: (a) Series RL and (b) parallel RL shunt circuits considering dielectric loss of piezoelectric elements.
# Traffic Offloading in Unlicensed Spectrum for 5G Cellular Network: A Two-Layer Game Approach
###### Abstract  
Licensed Assisted Access (LAA) is considered one of the latest groundbreaking innovations to provide high performance in future 5G. Coexistence schemes such as Listen Before Talk (LBT) and Carrier Sensing and Adaptive Transmission (CSAT) have been proven to be good methods to share spectrums, and they are WiFi friendly. In this paper, a modified LBT-based CSAT scheme is proposed which can effectively reduce the collision at the moment when Long Term Evolution (LTE) starts to transmit data in CSAT mode. To make full use of the valuable spectrum resources, the throughput of both LAA and WiFi systems should be improved. Thus, a two-layer Coalition-Auction Game-based Transaction (CAGT) mechanism is proposed in this paper to optimize the performance of the two systems. In the first layer, a coalition among Access Points (APs) is built to balance the WiFi stations and maximize the WiFi throughput. The main idea of the devised coalition forming is to merge the light-loaded APs with heavy-loaded APs into a coalition; consequently, the data of the overloaded APs can be offloaded to the light-loaded APs. Next, an auction game between the LAA and WiFi systems is used to gain a win-win strategy, in which, LAA Base Station (BS) is the auctioneer and AP coalitions are bidders. Thus, the throughput of both systems are improved. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed scheme in this paper can improve the performance of both two systems effectively.  
LAA; WiFi; Carrier Sensing and Adaptive Transmission; two-layer game; Collation-Auction Game-based Transaction; coexistence +
Footnote †: journal:  
1
Footnote 1: institutetext: School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China; [EMAIL_ADDRESS]  
2018
## 3 Model Concepts and Dynamic Routing Setup  
The following section breaks down the concepts and steps included in the dynamic routing of the UAV over the search area. The concepts are broken down into five sections. First, we propose a concept called the \"base score of a waypoint\". The next section is a concept of an \"Influence matrix\", which determines how much information gained from one waypoint has on another waypoint. The \"influence matrix\" and \"base score\" are combined to determine the \"Computed Score of a Waypoint\", which is discussed in the third subsection. The next subsection discusses the details of how the UAV will route itself to its next waypoint(s) based on its computed score. Finally, \"Evaluation of the quality of the solution\" discusses the objective of the routing algorithm (find the extent of the damage as quickly as possible) and how this paper determines what subset of parameters works toward this goal.
## 3 Measurement Method Design
### Design of Pore Water Pressure Measurement Method
#### 3.2.1 Material Preparation  
1. According to the gradation and thickness of G12 highway, the plate specimen of the upper layer, the middle surface layer and the lower layer are respectively prepared.
2. A connected pore with a diameter of 4 mm that extends vertically through the upper layer are formed at the center of the upper layer by electric drill.
3. A vertical hole is drilled in the center of the middle surface layer according to the size of the sensor, so that the sensor can be fixed in the middle surface layer.
4. Since the diameter of the data line of the sensor is 8 mm, a vertical hole with a diameter of 10 mm is drilled in the center of the lower layer to ensure the data line can pass through.
5. The basic asphalt used in this study is 70# asphalt, which is called \"Pan Jin\" base asphalt. The basic indicators of the basic asphalt used in this study are summarized in Table 1.
6. The road performance of the asphalt mixture used in this study is shown in Table 2.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Penetration (0.1 mm)** & **25 °C** & **Softening** & **Flash** & **Density** \\
**15 °C 25 °C 30 °C** & **Ductility (cm)** & **Point (°C)** & **Point (°C)** & **(g\textless{cm}^{-3})** \\ \hline
24.7 61.9 106.9 & \textgreater{}100 & 48.7 & 260 & 1.003 \\ GB/T0606- & GB/T0605- & GB/T0606- & GB/T0611- & GB/T0603- \\
2011 & 2011 & 2011 & 2011 & 2011 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 1: Basic asphalt of technical indicators.
## 3 Results
### Correlations Analysis between Placental Gene/Protein Expression and Clinical Parameters  
Correlation analysis was conducted in order to identify associations between expression levels of studied placental genes and proteins. In the total 100 analyzed women, positive correlations were found for mRNA and protein levels of all studied genes. The highest correlation was observed between CYP27B1 mRNA and CYP2R1 mRNA (_rho_ = 0.61, 95% CI: 0.47-0.72, \(p\) < 0.001), and the lowest between CYP2R1 mRNA and VDR protein levels (_rho_ = 0.07, 95% CI: 0.13-0.27, \(p\) = 0.493).  
In the group of women with PE, the most statistically significant correlations were found between the VDR mRNA level and CYP2R1 mRNA (_p_ < 0.001), VDR mRNA (_p_ = 0.029), and CYP27B1 protein (_p_ < 0.001). Moreover, in this group, CYP2R1 mRNA positively correlated with CYP2R1 protein (_p_ = 0.017) and CYP27B1 mRNA (_p_ < 0.001).  
In the controls, CYP27B1 mRNA significantly correlated with CYP2R1 mRNA (_p_ = 0.005), VDR mRNA (_p_ = 0.013) and VDR protein (_p_ < 0.001). Moreover, VDR mRNA was correlated with VDR and CYP27B1 proteins (_p_ = 0.025 and 0.014, respectively), and for CYP2R1, the protein level correlated with mRNA (_p_ < 0.001). More detailed information on the correlations between protein and mRNA levels of the studied genes in the preeclamput women and healthy controls is presented in Figure 3.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Protein (ng/mL)**} & **Precelampsia** & **Controls** & \multirow{2}{*}{_p_} \\  & \(n\) = **41** & \(n\) = **59** & \\ \hline VDR & 2.56 (1.90–2.77) & 3.32 (2.78–3.86) & \textless{}0.001 \({}^{*}\) \\ \hline CYP27B1 & 5.32 (4.68–5. 68) & 5.23 (4.67–5.81) & 0.530 \({}^{*}\) \\ \hline CYP2R1 & 1.32 (0.98–1.45) & 1.43 (1.22–1.65) & 0.019 \({}^{*}\) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} \({}^{*}\)_p_ < 0.05, median (interquartile range), \(p\) value calculated using the Mann–Whitney U test.  
\end{table}
Table 4: Concentrations of VDR, CYP27B1 and CYP2R1 protein from placenta tissue homogenates (ELISA).  
Figure 2: Box and whisker plots of placental levels of VDR protein in the LOPE group and healthy controls.  
The correlation was also analyzed between gene and protein expression levels and various mother and offspring clinical factors. In the whole study group, placental VDR protein level was inversely correlated with systolic and diastolic blood pressure (all \(p<0.001\)) and positively with gestational age (\(p<0.001\)) and infant birth weight (\(p=0.014\)).
# Enhancing Telexistence Control Through Assistive Manipulation and Haptic Feedback
## 7 Discussion  
This study investigated the influence of assistance and haptic feedback on accuracy, task performance, and body ownership within a telexistence system. Applying the Illusion of Virtual Body Ownership (IVBO) questionnaire revealed distinct outcomes concerning acceptance, control, and change components. Notably, the introduction of assistance and haptic feedback did not significantly impact the acceptance and control components. However, the change component demonstrated a notable sensitivity to these factors, yielding statistically significant results. Interestingly, while the integration of assistance alone negatively influenced each IVBO component, including haptic feedback substantially mitigated these adverse effects.  
Participants consistently reported an enhanced sense of control and agency when haptic feedback was available, likely attributed to the assurance it provided when interacting with objects. This feedback mechanism unequivocally contributed to improved task performance, as evidenced by significantly heightened accuracy and reduced completion times. These findings are corroborated by post-experiment interviews, during which participants rated the usefulness of haptic feedback for object manipulation at an impressive 6.1 out of 7. Our results underscore the efficacy of haptic feedback as a potent tool for enhancing body ownership in telexistence systems.  
This study offers insights into assistive manipulation and haptic feedback in telexistence systems. However, we recognize the limitations of our study design. While the small sample size of 12 participants is adequate for this exploratory investigation, it restricts the generalizability of our findings. Furthermore, the tasks' simplicity allowed us to isolate the effects of assistive manipulation and haptic feedback, but it does not reflect the complexity of real-world applications. These limitations resulted from our need for a controlled experimental setup and the resources available.  
In contrast to our prior work [9], this study demonstrates the unique contributions of combining haptic feedback with assistive manipulation methods. The introduction of haptic feedback significantly mitigates the reduction in body ownership caused by motion blending techniques, as evidenced by the IVBO components. Replacing the five-finger robotic hand with a parallel gripper improved task efficiency and reduced error rates, particularly for novice users. These findings highlight the practical implications of our proposed system in enhancing user experience and task performance in telexistence systems.  
Future research will address these limitations by including a larger and more diverse sample to enhance the applicability of the results. Additionally, subsequent studies will involve more complex and varied tasks to better evaluate the system's performance in realistic scenarios. By taking these steps, we aim to strengthen our findings' validity and robustness and refine the system for practical use.
## 3 Proposed Scheme
### Diffusion of Image Pixels
Input: \(x_{0}\), \(k_{m}\), \(\alpha\), \(b\), \(c\), \(d\), \(e\)
2. Output: K\({}_{1}\)
3.\(x\_initial=\Big{(}x_{(0)}+k_{m}\Big{)}-floor\Big{(}x_{(0)}+k_{m}\Big{)}\)
4.\(w\_new=\alpha\times sin(\pi\times b\times(y\_initial+a)\times x\_initial\times(1-x \_initial))+d\)
5.\(v\_new=\alpha\times sin(\pi\times w\_new\times(w\_new+c)\times y\_ initial\times(1-y\_initial))+e\)
6.\(w\_values[n+1]=w\_new\)
7.\(K_{1}=w\_values-floor(w\_values)\)
```  
**Algorithm 4** Generate cipher key \(K_{2}\)  
```
1. Input: \(t_{0}\), \(k_{m}\), \(\beta\), \(a_{l}\), \(c_{p}\), \(b_{r}\), \(a\), \(b\), \(c\)
2. Output: K\({}_{2}\)
3.\(x[1]=(t_{0}+k_{m})-floor(t_{0}+k_{m})\)
4.\(mem=trim\Big{(}\beta^{xx}\), \([a_{l}\), \(c_{p}\), \(b_{r}]\Big{)}\)
5.\(C=sum(sum(mem\times\beta^{xx}))/sum(sum(mem))\)
6.\(C\_min=min(min(double(\beta^{xx})))\)
7.\(C\_max=max(max(double(\beta^{xx})))\)
8.\(C=0.5\times((C-C\_min)/(C\_max-C\_min))\)
9.\(for\ i=2\) to \(n\)
10.1\(x[i]=1-a\times x[i-1]^{2}+y[i-1]\)
11.2\(y[i]=b\times x[i]+C\)
12.end
13.\(E_{2}=y-floor(y)\)
```  
**Algorithm 5** Compute cipher key \(K_{2}\)  
Figure 5: Flow diagram of proposed encryption mechanism.
# Scanning Inside Volcanoes with Synthetic Aperture Radar Echography Tomographic Doppler Imaging
## 2 Methodology
### Tomographic Model  
Considering a single SLC image from which we applied the MCA according to the frequency allocation strategy depicted in Figure 2, the tomogram represented by the line of contiguous pixels shown in Figure 3 is calculated. The vibrations present on the tomographic plane extending from the Earth's surface to a depth of a few kilometres is assessed. The figure represents a series of harmonic oscillators anchored on each pixel of the tomographic line, symbolically represented as a spring linked to a mass and oscillating due to the application of harmonic vibrations. Each wave generated by each harmonic oscillator bounces off the surface of the Earth as there is an abrupt variation in the density of the medium (the ground-air boundary). On each pixel, a vibrational phasor is observed in time applying Doppler MCA [28; 29]. Through the orbital change of view (which is performed in azimuth), an effective subsurface in-depth vibrational scan of the Earth is achieved.  
Figure 1: SAR acquisition geometry.
# Hierarchical Visual Place Recognition Based on Semantic-Aggregation
## 4 Discussion  
We presented a coarse-to-fine visual place recognition pipeline, and done experiments on two benchmark databases with many images from a wide variety of seasonal environments to study whether our method adapts to variations in viewpoint and appearance. We compared our method with state-of-art place recognition algorithms and demonstrated its superior performance. Our proposed method can be used in loop-closure and localization, and it performs well especially for the scenes with seasonal environmental changes and long-term conditional changes. However, it is important to note that our method relies on semantic segmentation. Thus, the effectiveness of semantic segmentation has a great influence on our method and the performance of the computer also affects the efficiency of our method.