# Operationalisation of Building Inspections and Repair: Systematisation-Based Approach
## 3 Results
### Most Common Types of Repair Techniques
#### 3.2.2 Repair Techniques in Facade Elements/Claddings  
In Table 16, the most relevant inter-defects correlations in facades are identified, referring to different relationships between defects \"A-A2 Surface moisture\", \"A-A3 Dirt and accumulation of debris\", \"A-A4 Colour changes\", \"A-A6 Cohesion loss/disaggregation and chalking\", \"A-B1 Biodeterioration/biological growth\", \"A-B2 Vegetation growth\", \"A-B3 Efflorescence/cryptoflorescence and carbonation\", \"A-C1 Mapped cracking\", and \"A-C2 Oriented cracking on the current surface\". According to the data of [PERSON] et al. [44], adapted to the harmonisation of the classification of defects [33], defects **A-B1** (32.7%) and A-A3 (24.1%) are common in **door and window frames**, while A-A4 (8.6%) and A-A2 (2.7%) only occur sparsely. As for **wall renders**, according to the data of [PERSON] et al. [45], adapted to the harmonisation of the classification of defects [33], defect \"**A-A3** Dirt and accumulation of debris\" is the most detected (in 90% of inspected wall renders). Defects A-A4 (46%), A-C2 (41%) and A-B1 (35%) have an average incidence in wall renders, while defects A-A2 (15%), A-B3 (9%), A-C1 (6%), A-A6 (4%), and A-B2 (3%) are not very common. According to the data of [PERSON] et al. [46], adapted to the harmonisation of the classification of defects [33], defect **A-A2** is the most common in **ETICS** (in 59.4% of inspected surfaces). Defects A-C2 (32.2%), A-B1 (27.8%), A-B2 (27.8%), A-A3 (24.4%), and A-A4 (20.3%) are also common in ETICS, while defects A-C1 (7.5%) and A-B3 (1.4%) are rare. As for **painted facades**, according to the data of [PERSON] et al. [47], adapted to the harmonisation of the classification of defects [33], \"**A-A3** Dirt and accumulation of debris\" is by far the most detected (in 91.4% of inspected painted facades). Defects A-A4 (47.6%) and A-B1 (40.0%) are also common, while A-C1 (35.2%) has an average incidence in painted facades. Defects A-B3 (8.6%) and A-A6 (5.7%) occur sparsely. According to the data of [PERSON] et al. [48], adapted to the harmonisation of the classification of defects [33], defect **A-C2** is the most common in **architectural concrete surfaces** (in 48.2% of inspected surfaces). Defects A-A3 (32.7%), A-A2 (29.1%), and A-A4 (29.1%) are also common in architectural concrete surfaces, while defects A-C1 (12.7%), A-B1 (11.8%), A-B3 (7.3%), and A-A6 (0.9%) have a low to very low incidence. As for **adhesive ceramic tiling**, according to the data of [PERSON] et al. [49], adapted to the harmonisation of the classification of defects [33], defect \"**A-B3** Efflorescence/ cryptoflorescence and carbonation\" is one of the most detected (in 40% of inspected surfaces). Defects A-B1 and A-B2, together (5%), have one of the lowest incidences. Defects A-A3 and A-A4, together (55%), are commonly detected in this type of cladding. Defects A-C1 and A-C2, together, are present in 50% of inspected tiled surfaces. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Life-Cycle Stage**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**External Claddings of Pitched Roofs**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Flat Roofs**} \\ \cline{2-7}  & **Applicable?** & **Resource** & **Amount** & **Applicable?** & **Resource** & **Amount** \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{**Installation into the building**} & \multirow{3}{*}{Gutters: Yes} & Labour of construction workers & \multirow{3}{*}{0.274 h/m} & Energy for the blower and water jet & Depends on the efficiency of the equipment \\ \cline{3-6}  & & & & & & equipment \\ \cline{3-6}  & & & & & & \\ \cline{3-6}  & & & & & & \\ \cline{3-6}  & & & & & & \\ \cline{3-6}  & & & & & & \\ \cline{3-6}  & & & & & & \\ \cline{3-6}  & & & & & & \\ \cline{3-6}  & & & & & & \\ \cline{3-6}  & & & & & & \\ \cline{3-6}  & & & & & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}