## 4 Results and Discussion  
Given the results after several months of monitoring, it is clear that this architecture could easily be expanded to encompass a more ambitious citizen science project where citizens can easily deploy at home nodes for data collection with a low and affordable cost. Moreover, due to the low cost per citizen (under 100 EUR for a complete setup with 5+ sensors), if funding or sponsorship is available, such solutions could surely add several data collection points for a smart monitored city. The outcomes derived from the methodological steps detailed for simulations earlier are presented below. Figure 9 succinctly presents the monitored data, offering insights across the entire district. The information includes detailed breakdowns of electricity and gas consumption at the individual building level. Table 3 describes the total consumption for each building, divided into thermal and electrical consumption. Figure 8 instead shows the main results achieved for district energy use within the district, respectively, including electricity and gas, based on the total computed in Table 3.  
The electricity and gas expenditure over a two-year time span were averaged to facilitate a meaningful comparison with simulation data. The deviation between monitored and simulated results on a monthly base is presented in Figure 10. The results for the entire simulation year were then aligned with the corresponding billing periods for each  
Figure 8: Example of the data obtained in the library. building in the district. The annual deviation consistently falls below \(\pm\)10%, confirming the soundness of the modeling and simulation efforts. The results for energy generation according to all the assumptions described in the methodology section are reported in Table 4. Table 5 instead shows the results of energy consumption due to renovation at the district level. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Consumption**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Xalet Montiu**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Angel Guimera Public**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Biblioteca Margarida**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Museu de la Noguera**} \\  & & **School** & & **de Monfterrat** \\ \hline Electricity and cooling & & & & \\ consumption [kWh] & 8202 & 64,596 & 55,114 & 40,940 \\ Gas consumption & & & & \\ [kWh] & 50,282 & 367,853 & 175,482 & 64,700 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Thermal and electricity consumption. Figure 9: (**a**) District electricity use (average monthly), and (**b**) district gas use (average monthly). The electrification strategy implemented in the district, despite leading to an overall electricity usage increase of approximately 25% compared to the current system, has effectively eliminated gas expenses related to domestic hot water and heating. Additionally, \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**Building** & **PV Area [m2]** & **Generation [kWh/y]** \\ \hline Xalet Montiu & 50 & 11,540 \\ Angel Guimera Public School & 170 & 37,760 \\ Servei Educatiu de la Noguera & 74 & 8729 \\ Biblioteca Margarida de & 73 & 16,647 \\ Museu de la Noguera & 234 & 29,212 \\ PV installation A & 769 & 79,661 \\ PV installation B & 352 & 40,605 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: Electricity generation per PV plant installed. Figure 10: (**a**) Final error analysis in the electricity, and (**b**) gas consumptions for each building.