## 6 Discussions of Workshop Results
### Comparisons Between Identified Constructs in CIREI and Classic TAMs
While further research is needed, it seems plausible that explicitly considering the relationship between older adult users and the pace of technological change could improve the explanatory power of acceptance models. One approach to incorporating this concept could involve framing and presentation of technology as an acceptance factor, which is more controllable and measurable than an abstract _Rate of technological advancement_. There is a precedent for framing's importance, as [PERSON] et al. [85] identified _Framing_ as a major theme when interviewing older adults' caregivers on the possibility of adopting smart home technology to assist with care. Another notable difference is the absence of a _Performance expectancy_ or _Perceived usefulness_ construct in our model. While workshop participants did not explicitly discuss output quality or performance expectancy as a theme, they seemed to generally assume the effectiveness of the devices. This omission may be attributed to the context of our study, where participants were introduced to COTS devices during the initial ice-breaking activity. During this session, participants were shown examples of the practical benefits and usefulness of these devices. This implicit understanding likely reduced the need for participants to focus on performance-related factors, as the demonstrated usefulness during the ice-breaking activity may have set a baseline expectation of effectiveness for these COTS devices. This also emphasises the need to provide proper training for PwF to better explain the usefulness of the devices and how they could fit into their environments and daily activities, rather than relying solely on their basic understanding of the devices' functionalities. _Usability_ was a limiting factor for some technologies, but the data suggests limited participant doubt about the overall performance of the technology itself. It is possible that this is a product of talking points presented by the researchers during the workshop, and not indicative of a change in the general population's beliefs about technology. The CIREI framework provides a structured approach to understanding the factors influencing technology acceptance among older adults, particularly those living with frailty. By categorising data into broad _Themes_ and specific _Concepts_, the framework captures the complex interactions between usability, learning, social factors, and individual limitations. Our comparison with established models, such as TAM2, UTAUT2, and STAM revealed significant overlaps, especially in areas related to usability and individual limitations. However, our model introduces unique constructs, such as the _Rate of Technological Advancement_, that are not present in older models. This highlights the importance of considering contemporary factors, such as rapid technological change, when studying technology acceptance in older populations. Additionally, the absence of _Performance Expectancy_ in our model underscores the need for effective training and education, particularly in how these technologies can be integrated into the daily lives of frail older adults. The findings suggest that while older adults may assume the effectiveness of technology, there is still a crucial need for tailored support to enhance their understanding and confidence in using these devices. Our presented model contributes to the field by introducing the _Rate of Technological Advancement_ construct, which fills a critical gap in existing models by capturing older adults' relationship with rapid technological change in today's ubiquitous technology landscape. Our model's dual-granularity approach, incorporating both broad themes and specific concepts, provides more nuanced insights than the uniform construct level of TAM2, UTAUT2, and STAM. The absence of _Performance Expectancy_ reveals that proper technology demonstration can establish baseline effectiveness assumptions, shifting focus from performance concerns to usability and integration challenges.