## 3 Results
### RQ1: Linguistic Competence
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**ExpGr (Digital)**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**ContGr (Paper)**} \\  & & **n\({}_{1}\) = 21** & \({}_{2}\) = 22 & \\ \cline{2-6}
**Category** & **Variable** & **m** & **sd** & **m** & **sd** & **Hypothesis Testing** \\ \hline Words & Total Words (W) & 321.19 & 73.472 & 290.27 & 69.387 & t (41) = 1.42, \(p\) = 0.163, \(g\) = 0.425 * \\  & Different Total Words (D_W_) & 148.67 & 33.356 & 147.00 & 35.813 & U = 257.5, \(p\) = 0.527, \(f\) = 0.115 **see** \\  & Correct Words (CW) & 265.87 & 99.932 & 262.32 & 63.091 & (41) = 11.7, \(p\) = 0.863, \(g\) = 0.052 * \\  & Different Correct Words (D\_CW) & 109.48 & 21.044 & 126.05 & 32.628 & U = 168.5, \(p\) = 0.132, \(f_{\text{rb}}\) = 0.271 **see** \\  & Incorrect Words (IW) & 55.62 & 32.185 & 27.95 & 7.749 & **U = 364, \(p\) = 0.001, \(f_{\text{rb}}\) = 0.576 **see** \\  & Different Incorrect Words (D\_IN) & 39.19 & 22.402 & 20.95 & 5.038 & U = 361, \(p\) = 0.002, \(f_{\text{rb}}\) = 0.563 **see** \\ Sentences & Total Sentences (S) & 142.38 & 24.2545 & 83.95 & 17.089 & **(26) = 58.56, \(p\) = 0.001, \(g\) = 1.769 **see** \\  & Sentences of a Single word (S1W) & 70.33 & 33.081 & 13.09 & 7.578 & **(22) = 7.74, \(p\) = 0.001, \(g\) = 2.341 **see** \\ Linguistic aspects & Interrogative Pronouns (IP) & 13.19 & 6.104 & 13.82 & 5.662 & t (41) = -0.35, \(p\) = 0.728, \(g\) = -0.105 * \\  & Different Interrogative Pronouns (D\_IP) & 3.71 & 0.717 & 5.27 & 1.956 & 10 = **109.5, \(p\) = 0.002, \(f_{\text{rb}}\) = 0.526 **see** \\  & Adjectives (AD) & 1.24 & 1.578 & 3.59 & 2.404 & **U = 90.5, \(p\) = 0.001, \(f_{\text{rb}}\) = -0.608 **see** \\  & Different Adjectives (D\_AD) & 0.62 & 0.669 & 1.45 & 0.858 & **U = 106.5, \(p\) = 0.001, \(f_{\text{rb}}\) = -0.539 **see** \\  & Greetings or Farewells (GOF) & 9.43 & 4.044 & 9.41 & 4.194 & 1 = 230.0, \(p\) = 0.990, \(f_{\text{rb}}\) = -0.004 **see** \\  & Different Greetings or Farewells (D\_COF) & 1.90 & 0.889 & 3.91 & 2.245 & U = 96, \(p\) = 0.001, \(f_{\text{rb}}\) = -0.584 **\\ Idioms (ID) & 0.43 & 0.811 & 1.73 & 1.518 & U = 112.5, \(p\) = 0.002, \(f_{\text{rb}}\) = -0.513 **see** \\  & Different Idioms (D\_ID) & 0.29 & 0.561 & 1.23 & 1.066 & **U = 112, \(p\) = 0.002, \(f_{\text{rb}}\) = -0.515 **see** \\  & Affirmative Expressions (AE) & 20.57 & 0.079 & 14.05 & 6.418 & **(41) = 34.29, \(p\) = 0.001, \(f_{\text{rb}}\) = 1.024 **see** \\  & Different Affirmative Expressions (D\_AE) & 37.1 & 0.845 & 5.55 & 2.62 & U = 128.5, \(p\) = 0.011, \(f_{\text{rb}}\) = -0.444 **see** \\  & Expressions of Denial/Doubt (EOD) & 8.52 & 4.332 & 7.86 & 4.853 & U = 261, \(p\) = 0.472, \(f_{\text{rb}}\) = -0.130 **see** \\  & Different Expressions of Denial/Doubt (D\_EOD) & 2.19 & 0.814 & 3.32 & 1.673 & **U = 129.5, \(p\) = 0.010, \(f_{\text{rb}}\) = -0.439 **see** \\  & Places (PL) & 7.00 & 5.282 & 7.14 & 3.299 & t (41) = -0.10, \(p\) = 0.919, \(g\) = -0.031 * \\  & Different Places (D\_PL) & 3.67 & 1.906 & 4.73 & 2.004 & 4 (41) = -1.78, \(p\) = 0.083, \(g\) = -0.532 * \\  & Days of the Week (DOW) & 2.00 & 2.191 & 2.95 & 3.154 & U = 199.5, \(p\) = 0.441, \(f_{\text{rb}}\) = -0.136 **see** \\  & Different Days of the Week (D\_DOW) & 1.43 & 1.363 & 2.14 & 2.077 & U = 194.03, \(f_{\text{rb}}\) = -0.160 **see** \\  & Temporal Adverbs (TA) & 8.76 & 5.029 & 9.64 & 5.678 & t (41) = -0.53, \(p\) = 0.596, \(g\) = -0.160 * \\  & Different Temporal Adverbs (D\_TA) & 6.57 & 3.091 & 7.59 & 3.750 & t (41) = -0.97, \(p\) = 0.38, \(g\) = -0.291 * \\  & Time (TI) & 3.81 & 4.008 & 8.95 & 5.103 & **U = 76, \(p\) = 0.001, \(f_{\text{rb}}\) = -0.671 **see** \\  & Different Time (D\_TI) & 2.05 & 2.747 & 5.27 & 2.694 & U = 65, \(p\) = 0.001, \(f_{\text{rb}}\) = -0.79 ** \\  & Proposition'mit' (PM) & 6.48 & 3.473 & 7.27 & 3.667 & t (41) = -0.731, \(p\) = 0.469, \(g\) = -0.219 * \\  & Preposition'mit' with Pronoun (PMP) & 1.00 & 1.183 & 1.36 & 1.840 & U = 229, \(p\) = 0.969, \(f_{\text{rb}}\) = -0.009 ** \\  & Different Prepositions with Pronoun (D\_PMP) & 0.67 & 0.658 & 0.59 & 0.79 However, there were no statistically significant differences between both groups regarding the diversity of words/expressions used when indicating a place (D_PL), day of the week (D_DOW), using temporal adverbs (D_TA) or the to go preposition'mit' with a pronoun (D_PMP).