## 4 Analytical Discussion
### Methodology Journal Evaluation
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Characterization**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Measurement**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**References**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Frequency**} \\ \multicolumn{1}{c}{} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{} & **Percentage (\%)** \\ \hline Structural properties & XRD & [5,6,8,11,15,19,28,33,34,59,61,65,66,75,77,80,82,86,89, & 30 \\  & 92,94,95,104,108,109,112,117,124,126,128] & 30 \\  & XRR & [2,5,6,8,26,86,91] & 7 \\  & XPS & [8,25,104,130] & 4 \\  & ELS & [128] & 1 \\  & Raman spectroscopy & [22] & 1 \\ \hline Morphological properties & AFM & [2,5,8,11,12,13,19,25,33,34,61,75,82,89,107,109,119,124] & 21 \\  & TEM & [12,26,35,94,103,108,117,120,121] & 9 \\  & SEM & [6,28,59,104,113,124,126,131] & 8 \\  & FESEM & [11,33,34,65,66] & 5 \\  & HRTEM & [26,104,124,132] & 4 \\  & FIB & [124] & 1 \\ \hline Magnetic properties & VSM & [7,12,19,25,26,33,34,81,86,92,94,104,109,119,128,131] & 16 \\  & VNA & [2,7,25,28,75,78,86,102,117] & 9 \\  & SQUID & [5,15,20,78,92] & 5 \\  & XMCD & [20,81,125,132] & 4 \\  & AHE & [13] & 1 \\ \hline Magneto-optical properties & MOKE & [19,35,81,86] & 4 \\  & Faraday rotation & [90,115,124] & 3 \\ \hline Electrical properties & Hall effect & [18,68,82,101,114,119,127] & 7 \\  & XAS & [125] & 1 \\ Optical properties & UV-Vis & [33] & 1 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: Frequency of the film’s characterization. Figure 5: The characterization of YIG with the different measurements for the top 100 cited articles. * Structural properties of the film were measured by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray reflectometry (XRR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS), and Raman spectroscopy analyses. Compared with other measurements, XRD reveals the greatest frequency (\(n=30\)) of use in the 100 most cited papers. XRD is used to determine the crystalline structure, phase purity, and lattice parameters of YIG films [2]. In XRD analysis, lattice parameters and distribution strains were investigated based on symmetrical and asymmetrical reciprocal space mappings in peak diffractions [137]. * Using atomic force microscopy (AFM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and focused ion beam (FIB), the morphological properties of the films were measured. The AFM method has the highest frequency at 21 compared with the other morphology-related measurements. AFM is a potent measuring device for quantitative surface measurements. AFM is utilized to measure the surface roughness of films with nanoscale precision. * Magnetic properties were determined by a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), vector network analyzer (VNA), superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID), X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD), and anomalous Hall effect (AHE). VSM demonstrates the highest frequency of 16 compared with other magnetic measurements. A VSM was used to measure the magnetic properties of the films by exerting magnetic fields in the film plane [137]. * Magneto-optical Kerr effect (MOKE) and Faraday rotation were employed to measure magneto-optical properties. Using the Hall effect and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), electrical characteristics were determined. Employing ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), optical characteristics were characterized. Therefore, it is evident that numerous characterization films have been measured by researchers, indicating that YIG films have the potential to be utilized in a variety of applications. In terms of application, yttrium iron garnets are extremely valuable as electronic components, magneto-optical devices, and microwave devices. According to the ionic radii of these atoms, the garnet structure also contains sites that might be occupied by other cations, such as rare earth ions or even alkaline, earth alkaline, or other metal ions [138].