## 3 Results
### Antibiotic Resistance of Microbial Isolates  
Forty-six (n = 46) of the two hundred and twenty _E. coli_ isolates (20.9%) and one hundred and fourteen of one hundred and thirty-eight (82.6%) coliform isolates exhibited resistance to at least one antibiotic, with the higher percentages recorded in all cases in connection with ampicillin (78.3%, thirty-six for forty-six for _E. coli_ and 87.7%, one hundred of one hundred and fourteen for coliform isolates), (Group A antibiotics; Figure 2A,B).  
The analysis of resistant _E. coli_ isolates per phylogeny indicated that the highest percentage of isolates exhibiting resistance to any antibiotic belonged to phylogroups A (36.6%, 15 of 41) and B1 (29.3%, 17 of 58) (total AMR + MDR; Figure 3A). No resistant isolates were detected from phylogroups E and F, and only one isolate was detected from phylogroup D (11.1%, 1 of 9), Clade I/II (8.3%, 1 of 12), and Clade III/IV/V (14.3%, 1 of 7), (Figure 3A).  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & **AM** & **AMC** & **CAZ** & **CFR** & **CTX** & **FOX** & **CIP** & **CN** & **MEM** & **SXT** & **TE** \\  & **(\%)** & **(\%)** & **(\%)** & **(\%)** & **(\%)** & **(\%)** & **(\%)** & **(\%)** & **(\%)** & **(\%)** & **(\%)** & **(\%)** \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Resistant} & 36 & 6 & 2 & 9 & 1 & 9 & 4 & 0 & 0 & 9 & 21 & \\  & (16.4) & (2.7) & (0.9) & (4.1) & (0.5) & (4.1) & (1.8) & (0.0) & (0.0) & (4.1) & (9.5) & \\  & 0 & 0 & 1 & 0 & 1 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 2 & \\  & (0.0) & (0.0) & (0.5) & (0.0) & (0.5) & (0.0) & (0.0) & (0.0) & (0.0) & (0.0) & (0.9) & \\ \multirow{3}{*}{Susceptible} & 184 & 214 & 217 & 211 & 218 & 211 & 216 & 220 & 220 & 211 & 197 & \\  & (83.6) & (97.3) & (98.6) & (95.9) & (99.1) & (95.9) & (98.2) & (100) & (100) & (95.9) & (89.5) & \\ \hline Total & 220 & 220 & 220 & 220 & 220 & 220 & 220 & 220 & 220 & 220 & 220 & \\ \hline \multicolumn{11}{c}{**(B)**} \\ \hline  & **AM** & **AMC** & **CAZ** & **CFM** & **CFR** & **CTX** & **CXM** & **FEP** & **FOX** & **CIP** & **CN** & **IMP** & **MEM** & **SXT** & **TE** \\  & **(\%)** & **(\%)** & **(\%)** & **(\%)** & **(\%)** & **(\%)** & **(\%)** & **(\%)** & **(\%)** & **(\%)** & **(\%)** & **(\%)** & **(\%)** & **(\%)** \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Resistant} & 100 & 62 & 21 & 6 & 54 & 21 & 2 & 0 & 63 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 3 \\  & (72.5) & (44.9) & (15.2) & (4.3) & (39.1) & (15.2) & (1.4) & (0.0) & (45.7) & (0.0) & (0.0) & (0.0) & (0.0) & (0.0) & (2.2) \\ \multirow{3}{*}{Intermediate} & 0 & 0 & 1 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 1 \\  & (0.0) & (0.0) & (0.7) & (0.0) & (0.0) & (0.0) & (0.0) & (0.0) & (0.0) & (0.0) & (0.0) & (0.0) & (0.0) & (0.7) \\ \multirow{3}{*}{Susceptible} & 38 & 76 & 116 & 132 & 84 & 117 & 136 & 138 & 75 & 138 & 138 & 138 & 138 & 138 & 134 \\  & (27.5) & (55.1) & (84.1) & (95.7) & (60.9) & (84.8) & (98.6) & (100) & (54.3) & (100) & (100) & (100) & (100) & (97.1) \\ \hline Total & 138 & 138 & 138 & 138 & 138 & 138 & 138 & 138 & 138 & 138 & 138 & 138 & 138 & 138 \\ \hline \multicolumn{11}{c}{AM: ampicillin; AMC: amoxicillin acid; CAZ: ceftoxidine; CFM: cefxime; CFR: cefadroxil; CTX: cefotaxime; CXM: cefuroxime; FEM: cefuroxime; FEM: cefuroxime; CFM: cefuroxime; FEM: cefuroxime; FEM: cefuroxime; FEM: cefuroxime; TEM: meropenem; SXT: trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole; TE: tetracycline.} \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 2: (**A**) Antibiotic susceptibility testing of _E. coli_ isolates (n = 220) from drinking water with reference to EUCAST classification criteria (% of total). (**B**) Antibiotic susceptibility testing of coliforms (n = 138) isolated from drinking water with reference to EUCAST classification criteria (% of total).