# Spatialization and Analysis of China's GDP Based on NPP/VIIRS Data from 2013 to 2023
## 5 Discussion
### Dynamic Analysis of GDP Spatial and Temporal Changes  
#### 5.2.1 The Overall Spatial and Temporal Characteristics of China's GDP  
From the perspective of spatial changes, the spatial changes in the GDP in mainland China between 2013 and 2023 are characterized by the high-GDP-value areas of provincial capital cities as the center, which continue to extend to the periphery and expand to the surrounding cities, and the spatial continuity between the high-GDP-value areas of adjacent provincial capital cities is gradually increasing. This trend is particularly obvious in the Jiangsu-Zhejiang-Shanghai region, the Guangdong-Guangdong Triangle region, and the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. The development level of each region is relatively consistent with the actual situation.  
From the perspective of the spatial distribution pattern, a high-GDP-gathering area consisting of one or more core cities is gradually formed. There are the Yangtze River Delta (Shanghai-Hangzhou-Suzhou-Ningbo-Nanjing-Hefei), the Chengdu-Chongqing region (Chengdu and Chongqing), the Pearl River Delta (Guangzhou-Dongguan-Shenzhen), the Bohai Sea Rim region (Beijing-Tianjin-Qingdao-Dalian-Tangshan), the Central Plains City cluster (Zhengzhou-Luoyang-Kaifeng), the Central South Region (Wuhan-Changsha-Nanchang), Fujian (Fuzhou-Quanzhou-Xiamen), Xi'an, Kunming, etc. These high-GDP-gathering areas are mainly distributed in the eastern coastal areas of China, followed by the central provincial capital cities. This situation is related to the pattern of China's economic development. The economic development of the southeast coastal areas is relatively fast, while the development speed of the central and western regions is relatively slow due to their proximity to the inland. Different cities have different economic development policies, different leading industries, and different development directions. From the perspective of the overall spatial distribution, the situation is high in the east and low in the west, and the difference between the east and the west is large.  
In addition, the area of each category of GDP was counted in ArcGIS, and the proportion of each category was calculated. The situation is shown in Table 6. It is found that the proportion of areas with less than 5 million is getting smaller and smaller, and it is 0.54% less in 2023 than in 2013. The area of other categories has increased. Among them, the area difference of the interval of 5 to 10 million yuan is the largest at 0.8%, and the area of the interval greater than 100 million yuan has continued to increase, increasing by 0.26% during the research period, more than doubling in ten years, and the areas with increased area are mainly in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Shanghai, Guangdong Triangle, Beijing, and Tianjin. Shanghai, as a leading city in the Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Shanghai region and even China'seconomy, promotes the development of this region. The Guangdong Triangle region is close to Hong Kong and Macao, and there is a special economic zone (Shenzhen). The Chinese government encourages and supports the economic development of this region. Beijing is the capital of China, and the political status is very high, so the economic policy of the region is better, and the economic development is rapid.