## 6 Comparison of Basic Statistics
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Category**} & \multicolumn{6}{c}{**Weekday**} & \multicolumn{6}{c}{**Weekend**} \\ \cline{2-10}  & **Seoul** & **Jeongeup** & **Iksan** & **Mokpo** & **Seoul** & **Jeongeup** & **Iksan** & **Mokpo** \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Man (10+)} & 1957 & 243 & 1359 & 911 & 3310 & 300 & 1063 & 1613 \\  & (14.8\%) & (27.3\%) & (40.2\%) & (82.5\%) & (21.1\%) & (21.3\%) & (26.7\%) & (88.5\%) \\ \multirow{2}{*}{Man (20+)} & 6185 & 430 & 1369 & 1103 & 5559 & 469 & 1388 & 1685 \\  & (11.7\%) & (33.2\%) & (32.3\%) & (51.7\%) & (10\%) & (28.8\%) & (23.8\%) & (65.1\%) \\ \multirow{2}{*}{Man (30+)} & 13,474 & 455 & 1171 & 2060 & 713 & 429 & 1047 & 2804 \\  & (11.0\%) & (13.7\%) & (13.2\%) & (49.3\%) & (1.0\%) & (15.0\%) & (12.3\%) & (64.0\%) \\ \multirow{2}{*}{Man (40+)} & 11,511 & 904 & 2924 & 2864 & \multirow{2}{*}{2834} & \multirow{2}{*}{1102} & 2750 & 3772 \\  & (8.3\%) & (16.8\%) & (26.3\%) & (55.6\%) & (\(-4.0\%) & (24.6\%) & (28.9\%) & (75.3\%) \\ \multirow{2}{*}{Man (50+)} & \(-\)6018 & 1312 & 3531 & 3136 & \(-\)14.258 & 1497 & 3445 & 3990 \\  & (\(-\)5.5\%) & (26.3\%) & (34.8\%) & (57.0\%) & (\(-\)18.5\%) & (35.2\%) & (37.5\%) & (69.8\%) \\ \multirow{2}{*}{Man (60+)} & \(-\)43,196 & \(-\)364 & 142 & 1162 & \(-\)37,368 & \(-\)196 & 617 & 1799 \\  & (\(-\)45.3\%) & (\(-\)10.1\%) & (1.8\%) & (22.3\%) & (\(-\)49.6\%) & (\(-\)6.3\%) & (8.4\%) & (35.0\%) \\ \multirow{2}{*}{Woman (10+)} & 4078 & 319 & 1412 & 684 & 3417 & 208 & 759 & 1151 \\  & (30.9\%) & (30.0\%) & (35.9\%) & (28.6\%) & (22.5\%) & (14.3\%) & (19.2\%) & (48.6\%) \\ \multirow{2}{*}{Woman (20+)} & 11,102 & 288 & 1293 & 931 & 10,427 & 461 & 1378 & 1603 \\  & (18.5\%) & (23.9\%) & (29.0\%) & (47.7\%) & (18.9\%) & (29.0\%) & (24.4\%) & (65.7\%) \\ \multirow{2}{*}{Woman (30+)} & 11,041 & 384 & 1337 & 1647 & 4357 & 443 & 1303 & 2473 \\  & (13.5\%) & (16.5\%) & (17.1\%) & (49.3\%) & (7.2\%) & (18.5\%) & (17.4\%) & (69.2\%) \\ \multirow{2}{*}{Woman (40+)} & 12,196 & 943 & 2547 & 2148 & 5970 & 1113 & 2362 & 3025 \\  & (16.7\%) & (29.0\%) & (31.4\%) & (56.1\%) & (10.8\%) & (36.3\%) & (30.8\%) & (77.1\%) \\ \multirow{2}{*}{Woman (50+)} & 9809 & 1116 & 2754 & 3154 & 6221 & 1161 & 2813 & 4134 \\  & (16.2\%) & (37.8\%) & (32.9\%) & (77.6\%) & (11.8\%) & (40.3\%) & (34.8\%) & (94.6\%) \\ \multirow{2}{*}{Woman (60+)} & \(-\)3897 & \(-\)509 & \(-\)382 & 807 & \(-\)2437 & \(-\)222 & 9 & 1375 \\  & (\(-\)9.1\%) & (\(-\)19.6\%) & (\(-\)5.6\%) & (19.2\%) & (\(-\)6.9\%) & (\(-\)9.5\%) & (0.1\%) & (32.8\%) \\ \multirow{2}{*}{Total} & 28,242 & 5523 & 19,457 & 20,607 & \(-\)16,922 & 6765 & 18,934 & 29,425 \\  & (3.3\%) & (16.8\%) & (22.8\%) & (47.8\%) & (\(-\)2.6\%) & (21.5\%) & (22.7\%) & (64.6\%) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} Note: the number represents difference of the volume of mobile population before and after the opening of HSR  
and after the opening of HSR  
\end{table} 
Table 4: Differences of mobile population before and after the opening of HSR at each station. In order to evaluate whether the changes of the mobile population before and after the opening of the HSR are statistically meaningful, we employed the nonparametric Wilcoxon signed ranks test. The paired t-test compares the mean of the two populations by using repeated measures, in which it is assumed that the data are measured on an interval or a ratio scale, and are normally distributed. However, the mobile phone data do not support these assumptions. The Wilcoxon signed ranks test requires that the differences are approximately symmetric and that the data are measured on an ordinal, interval, or ratio scale. As the assumptions for the Wilcoxon signed ranks test are met, unlike those of the t-test, which are violated, the Wilcoxon signed ranks test is said to be usually more powerful in detecting a difference between the two populations [26]. Even under conditions appropriate to the paired t-test, the Wilcoxon signed ranks test is almost as powerful and uses the test statistic \(W\), as shown in Equation (1).