# Time and Cost Schedule Dynamic-Hidden Trojan Horses
## 2 Materials and Methods  
The economic consequences of disparities in the design and implementation of technical projects often balance on the edge of economically viable benefits (examples are large investment projects; nuclear power plants are undoubtedly among them) [22; 23]. The efforts aimed at sustainable development in this regard are reflected in the resonant concept of the circular economy [24; 25; 26; 27; 28; 29]. The International Atomic Energy Agency and the PRIS are dedicated to the issues of exceeding deadlines and costs. Eight implementations of nuclear power plants are listed in Table 1. They deviate from the framework of term and cost standards. The generally achieved construction delays range around one year. According to data registered by the IAEA, 58.5% of 31 implementation projects reported delays. The scheduling of resources is the domain of subjective trial-and-error interventions. The applications occur across many scientific disciplines. The example from the field of nuclear energy was chosen for its economic robustness in the research, and especially the application-investment area. From the data in Tables 1 and 2, the disproportions of demanding technology are evident. The economics of investment return, and the shortening of the life cycle accompanied by the costs of deconstruction, are generally devastating. In addition, there exists the issue of the deconstruction of permanently shut-down reactors. The IAEA-PRIS database lists in [29], for the years between 2021 and 2022, only six reactors newly connected to the network (capacity (5310 MWe) compared to 10 shut-down reactors (capacity 8668 MWe) worldwide. The need for resource scheduling is also dominant. It is proven by the branch profile of responses in the Web of Science Core Collection database for the term \"schedule/scheduling\", which has more than 400,000 responses (see Appendix A). Responses for the scheduling of non-linear processes reveal a still poorly resolved issue, falling to fractions of responses or even units of published works. The technical and economic interconnectedness is documented by the duration of implementation together with the achieved productivities of the final outputs, as well as the MWe of the project. Although attention is paid to the implementation documentation, the breakdown of a project into time and cost arrangements is a weak point in the preparation and control of large-scale investments. Evaluation processes, including used SW support, tend to use traditional empirical a posteriori procedures. The calculations of the characteristics of the design dynamics and implementation represent a petrified development potential. The barrier of hardware computing capacity for large-scale tasks is gone. Even for large-scale projects, with thousands of activities and simulation calculation iteration, calculations of analysis can be implemented and interpreted [8; 30; 31]. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Reactor/Country** & **Constructor** & \begin{tabular}{c} **Nominal Power** \\ **(MWe)** \\ \end{tabular} & \
\begin{tabular}{c} **Beginning of** \\ **Construction** \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} **Connection to the** \\ **Grid** \\ \end{tabular} & **Time (Month)** \\ \hline ANGRA 2/Brazil & KWU & 1350 & January/76 & February/01 & 301 \\ \hline KALINN-3/Russia & FAEA & 1000 & October/85 & November/05 & 241 \\ \hline VOLGDONSK-1/Russia & FAEA & 1000 & September/81 & December/01 & 243 \\ \hline MCOHOVCE-2/Slovakia & SKODA & 440 & October/83 & April/00 & 198 \\ \hline KHEMELNITSKI-2/Ukraine & PAIP & 1000 & February/85 & December/05 & 250 \\ \hline ROVNO-4/Ukraine & PAA & 1000 & August/86 & April/06 & 236 \\ \hline COMANCHE & WH & 1215 & October/74 & August/93 & 226 \\ \hline WATTS BAR-1/EUA & WH & 1270 & December/72 & May/96 & 281 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Nuclear plants with excessive construction time. Source: authors according to IAEA [22; 29; 32; 33]. The data in Table 1 allow the calculation of nominal power productivity (MWe/ construction months).