# Preparation and Characterization of Hybrid Nanocomposites for Dental Applications
## 3 Results and Discussion
### Study of Biofilm Formation on the Surface of Prosthetic Materials
#### 3.4.2 Quantitative Method  
Analyzing the results of biofilm formation using the quantitative method, it was noted that the addition of mineral nanofillers to acrylic material caused a reduction in biofilm formation on the surface of materials in the presence of all microorganisms, although only in the case of _C. albicans_ and _P. aeruginosa_, these results corresponded with the qualitative method. In the case of other strains, only minimal differences in biofilm formation were observed, if comparing the base material to the ones containing mineral nanofillers. Researchers are trying to find out the way of improving the dental materials properties, so that the biofilm concentration will be reduced. It is important due to the growing number of patients with stomatitis. [PERSON] et al. [68] investigated the influence of TiO\({}_{2}\) nanopatterning on _C. albicans_ adhesion. The results received by scanning electron microscopy demonstrated that the applied method could improve the early fungal resistance according to _C. albicans_ colonization of dental implants. Changing biofilm accumulation by coating material with silver was investigated both for titanium and acrylic resin. For titanium (electrodeposition of silver nanoparticles), silver deposition did not reduce biofilm adhesion compared to non-coated surfaces [69]. On the other hand, [PERSON] et al. [70], in their work about denture base acrylic resin containing silver nanoparticles, concluded that the activity and the amount of _C. albicans_ biofilm decreased with the increase of nano-silver solution concentration. Anti-adhesion properties occurred with the 5 wt.% and higher concentration of nano-silver in acrylic resin, and the dependence was proportional. [PERSON] et al. [71] investigated the antibacterial activity of Ag-ZnO/HNTs (halloysite nanotubes supported Ag and ZnO nanoparticles). Observational results of _E. Coli_ morphology and surface structure confirmed their hypothesis. They concluded that the complex-containing halloysite has the capacity to inhibit bacteria growth. These results confirm the earlier findings of [PERSON] et al. [72], who also proved the antibacterial properties of halloysite while investigating an Ag/HNTs/rGo complex. [PERSON] et al. [73], on the other hand, presented anti-inflammatory properties of halloysite surfaces. Halloysite showed greater anti-inflammatory activity in comparison with other clay minerals. Comparing with our study, we also found the dependence for bacteria/fungi inhibition--C. _ albicans_ and _P. aeruginosa_ accumulation. Adding halloysite to the acrylic resin caused proportional reduction of biofilm at the surface of studied materials. The results were presented using a popular chart, a so-called \"Tukey boxplot\" (Figure 8), in which the values of barbs were determined by one and a half value of the quartile range (but only on condition that the minimum and maximum were greater than these values; otherwise the description ends with minimum and maximum values).