## 4 Results and Discussion
### PlanetQi-NWP Models Comparison  
#### 4.3.1 PlanetQi-GFS Model Comparison  
Figure 16 provides a complete comparison of various key metrics for pressure, refractivity, temperature, and WVP profiles between the PlanetIQ and ECMWF models throughout the study period. The Maximum Difference in pressure profiles is noted at 4.2 mb, with a corresponding maximum difference percentage of 0.6%. The mean difference for pressure is \(-0.19\) mb, and the maximum RMSE is observed at 29.7 mb, occurring at an altitude of 3.0. The altitude of the maximum mean difference for pressure is 14.2, and the mean difference percentage at the maximum RMSE is \(-0.6\%\). For refractivity, the maximum difference is 1.8, and the maximum difference percentage is 0.8%. The mean difference in refractivity is \(-0.07\), while the maximum RMSE reaches 10.4, situated at an altitude of 3.0. The altitude of the maximum mean difference for refractivity is 16.3, and the mean difference percentage at the maximum RMSE is \(-0.8\%\). \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l l l l} \hline \hline \begin{tabular}{l} **PlanetiQ Observations** \\ **(Filestamp)** \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{l} **COSMIC Observations** \\ **(Filesamp)** \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{l} **f-Test \(p\) Value** \\ **(Pres., Temp., WVP, Ref.)** \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{l} **T-Stat** \\ **(Pres., Temp., WVP, Ref.)** \\ \end{tabular} & \
\begin{tabular}{l} **T-cr.** \\ **(Pres., Temp., WVP, Ref.)** \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{l} **T-cr.** \\ **(Pres., Temp., WVP, Ref.)** \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline GN04.2023.353.18.15.R24 & C2E2.2023.353.18.18.G31 & 0.99, 0.8, 0.45, 0.88 & 0.008, 0.24, \(-0.75\), \(-0.15\) & \\ \hline GN02.2023.347.21.41.C20 & C2E1.2023.347.21.39.G31 & 0.99, 0.87, 0.91, 0.97 & 0.003, 0.16, \(-0.11\), \(-0.03\) & \\ \hline GN04.2023.348.08.07.C24 & C2E6.2023.348.08.10.G05 & 0.98, 0.8, 0.29, 0.92 & 0.016, 0.25, 1.07, 0.1 & \\ \hline GN04.2023.340.11.18.G23 & C2E5.2023.340.11.13.R17 & 0.75, 0.73, 0.52, 0.71 & \(-0.31\), \(-0.33\), \(-0.63\), \(-0.37\) & \\ \hline GN04.2023.353.10.22.G07 & C2E2.2023.353.10.22.G07 & 0.99, 0.99, 0.87, 0.99 & \(-0.01\), \(-0.02\), \(-0.16\), \(-0.02\) & 1.96 \\ \hline GN02.2023.340.06.33.C41 & C2E3.2023.340.06.28.G24 & 0.99, 0.94, 0.73, 0.94 & 0.00, 0.08, 0.35, 0.08 & \\ \hline GN04.2023.348.08.07.E31 & C2E6.2023.348.08.10.G05 & 0.98, 0.84, 0.53, 0.96 & 0.02, 0.2, 0.62, 0.06 & \\ \hline GN04.2023.340.11.18.R17 & C2E5.2023.340.11.13.R17 & 0.99, 0.89, 0.93, 0.98 & 0.00, \(-0.13\), \(-0.08\), 0.02 & \\ \hline GN02.2023.342.14.23.G18 & C2E6.2023.342.14.32.R16 & 0.99, 0.98, 0.75, 0.93 & 0.00, 0.03, 0.31, 0.08 & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: F-test and \(t\)-test key numbers for G1 PlanetQi-COSMIC profiles comparison. Figure 16: Mean diff., mean diff.% and RMSE between the PlanetIQ and GFS model profiles for all variables. Temperature profiles reveal a maximum difference of 0.46 \({}^{\circ}\)C, with a corresponding maximum difference percentage of 3.4%. The mean difference for temperature is \(-\)0.14 \({}^{\circ}\)C, and the maximum RMSE is 3 \({}^{\circ}\)C, occurring at an altitude of 40.0. The altitude of the maximum mean difference in temperature is 19.9 \({}^{\circ}\)C, and the mean difference percentage at maximum RMSE is 0.6%. WVP profiles exhibit a Maximum Diff. of 0.1, along with a Maximum Diff.% of 26.8%. The Mean Diff. for WVP is \(-\)0.02 mb, and the Maximum RMSE is 1 mb, situated at an altitude of 3.0. The Altitude of Maximum Mean Diff. for WVP is 12.9, and the Mean Diff.% at Maximum RMSE is \(-\)3.3%. In agreement with the present findings, in the comparison with the ERA5 model, the findings from [10] highlight the minor differences observed in atmospheric parameters between the Spire and COSMIC-2 datasets and the model. Fractional differences in pressure, temperature, WVP, and refractivity remain within acceptable ranges across various altitude levels.