# Advanced Default Risk Prediction in Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises Using Large Language Models
## 3 Dataset and Methods
### Dataset
#### 3.1.1 Data Types and Sources  
Commercial paper is a temporary pledge certificate used for short-term business financing, reflecting a company's ability to meet its payment obligations. In this study, the commercial paper data come from the \"Eagle Eye\" system developed by Sichuan Investment Cloud Chain Company. The original dataset includes 15 types of information and was initially presented in a scattered panel data format. Since the data come from different time periods (2020 to 2022), each company generates a timestamp when it accepts commercial paper in the system. The number and timing of acceptances vary among companies, so it cannot be used as traditional panel data directly. Therefore, this study extracts the latest query status for each company as its final commercial paper data, involving 1972 companies, mainly small and medium-sized enterprises in the real estate and construction sectors, along with various other industries. Additionally, this study creates two new features, \"proportion of total rejection amounts\" and \"overall rejection rate\", using the total refused amount, total acceptance amount, total refusal count, and total acceptance count, resulting in a total of nine feature dimensions. Table 3 shows some sample data entries. From left to right, the features represent: company ID, total number of acceptances, number of settled cases, number of unsettled cases, total number of rejections, total number of rejections this year, total number of rejections last year, proportion of total rejection amounts, and overall rejection rate. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline
**Variable** & **Mean** & **Std. Dev.** & **Min** & **Max** \\ \hline Land mortgages & 0.1825558 & 1.566111 & 0 & 37 \\ Land mortgage amount & 5218.097 & 57129.71 & 0 & 1,385,002 \\ Admin permits & 78.69422 & 245.4577 & 0 & 5130 \\ Patents & 139.6121 & 484.2995 & 0 & 8129 \\ Qualifications & 16.77282 & 128.4902 & 0 & 3000 \\ Spot checks & 1.373732 & 8.318482 & 0 & 279 \\ Spot checks rectified & 0.1764706 & 1.653769 & 0 & 46 \\ Luxury consumption restrictions & 7.193205 & 38.16634 & 0 & 900 \\ News articles & 74.71247 & 22.81192 & 18 & 100 \\ Positive & 19.26369 & 6.156132 & 0 & 29 \\ Negative & 2.664807 & 1.62043 & 0 & 10 \\ Nge news ratio & 0.0344477 & 0.0182807 & 0 & 0.1064 \\
2021 refuse num & 6.732759 & 39.85085 & 0 & 707 \\
2022 refuse num & 12.61866 & 70.38796 & 0 & 1419 \\ Total refuse ratio & 0.0356361 & 0.1070039 & 0 & 0.9437 \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: _Cont._ \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c} \hline
**CID** & **TNA** & **NSC** & **NUC** & **TRN** & **TRTY** & **TRLY** & **PTR** & **ORR** \\ \hline No.1 & 949 & 150 & 799 & 471 & 2 & 2 & 0.4135 & 0.4963 \\ No.2 & 4726 & 3858 & 868 & 43 & 39 & 5 & 0.0114 & 0.0091 \\ No.3 & 8509 & 6994 & 1515 & 665 & 572 & 200 & 0.0867 & 0.0782 \\ No.4 & 2741 & 1981 & 760 & 1674 & 180 & 63 & 0.2487 & 0.6107 \\ No.5 & 2476 & 1964 & 512 & 945 & 117 & 68 & 0.2469 & 0.3817 \\ No.6 & 942 & 569 & 373 & 340 & 5 & 1 & 0.209 & 0.3609 \\ No.7 & 645 & 423 & 222 & 175 & 6 & 0 & 0.3825 & 0.2713 \\ No.8 & 1049 & 715 & 334 & 969 & 23 & 7 & 0.6412 & 0.9237 \\ No.9 & 888 & 578 & 310 & 709 & 30 & 0 & 0.7228 & 0.7984 \\ No.10 & 398 & 205 & 193 & 154 & 1 & 0 & 0.3353 & 0.3869 \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Processed commercial paper acceptance data. In the realm of information science, corporate business data serve as an integral knowledge repository exhibiting the fundamental framework, operational performance, and creditworthiness of enterprises. These quintessential elements are invaluable to stakeholders such as investors, creditors, corporate associates, and regulatory entities. The fundamental components encompass data related to enterprise registration, shareholder composition, financial strength, and historical transition records. The quasi-imperative role of corporate business data in this research leverages a specific enterprise information inquiry portal as our primary source.