## 1 Introduction
[15] used MWR to measure the continuous variation of supercooled water content in winter storm clouds and studied the weather background information of forming supercooled water droplets in clouds. [PERSON] [16] developed a nowcasting technique to investigate severe convective activity over southeast India using ground-based microwave radiometer observations. [PERSON] et al. [17] investigated a convective winter episode of the Iberian Peninsula using a multichannel microwave radiometer. Continuous observations showed that the vertical evolution of a precipitation event is similar to a 'zipper'; that is, the temperature and dew point temperature profiles are closed from the surface to 400 hPa and reopen at the end of the precipitation. The existing research on MWR precipitation detection mainly focuses on rainfall, but research on snowfall is rare due to ice deposition or antenna attenuation [18; 19]. Radiometric retrievals of a variety of dynamic weather condition phenomena, including upslope supercooled fog, snowfall, a complex cold front, a nocturnal bore, and a squall line, have been successfully verified [20]. [PERSON] et al. [21] investigated the uncertainties of microwave radiometer retrievals in snow conditions and explored the discrepancies of MWR retrievals in zenith and off-zenith methods. He found that the temperature bias, relative humidity bias, and vapour density bias decreased from 4.6 K, 10%, and 10% with a corresponding RSME of 5.7 K, 33% and 2.14 g/m\({}^{3}\) in the zenith method to \(-\)0.6 K, \(-\)2% and 0.1 g/m\({}^{3}\) with a smaller RSME of 2.0 K, 20%, and 0.66 g/m\({}^{3}\). [PERSON] et al. [9] quantified the effect of riming on snowfall using ground-based observations. The MWR-retrieved liquid water path (_LWP_) [22] was used to cross-validate the derived rim mass fraction. [PERSON] et al. [6] recently investigated the microphysical properties of near-surface, shallow, and deep snow clouds using ground-based radar and radiometer data. To date, there have been few reports on the atmospheric detection of snowfall events in the QTP region [23]. The study of the evolutionary characteristics of the atmospheric parameters of snowfall not only serve the development of air-water resources, but also help to predict severe convective weather [24; 25]. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen QTP atmospheric detection, especially in snowy environments. In this study, atmospheric exploration of the QTP during the East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM) from ground-based microwave radiometers was conducted. A special focus on the hydrometeorological characteristics of snowy processes were fully investigated and compared with clear days. The remainder of this paper is organized as follows. Section 2 presents the experimental conditions and data processing methods used in this study. Section 3 discusses the characteristics of the atmospheric vertical structures and atmospheric stability indices. Hour-scale variations in water vapour and liquid water content on the QTP were provided. Next, two retrieval applications based on radiosonde and meteorological observation data are provided, namely, short-term precipitation forecasting and quantitative precipitation estimation. Section 5 concludes the main findings of this work.