## 4 Various Uses of Industrial Hemp  
The figure below shows the possibilities of using every part of hemp biomass (Figure 5). Originally, hemp was mainly used for textile purposes. Currently, the textile industry, which is based on cotton, is one of the most polluting to the environment, so more sustainable alternatives are being sought. One of them is the return to the cultivation of fibrous hemp varieties, which are a high-yielding crop. Hemp cultivation yields three times more metric tons of fiber per hectare, and the cultivation process reduces agricultural costs by 77.63% compared to cotton [21]. This makes the acquisition of hemp fiber profitable, and this raw material can be environmentally friendly, successfully replacing cotton and synthetic fiber [22; 23]. Additionally, in other branches of the economy, hemp products can successfully compete with artificial materials. Over the past 20 years, there has been a resurgence of interest in hemp seeds for their nutritional and pharmaceutical value. They were initially considered a by-product of the fiber extraction process. Currently, there is a growing interest in growing them for seeds, as they are widely regarded as one of the most complete sources of nutrition. They usually contain 25-35% lipids with a unique and perfectly balanced composition of fatty acids, 20-25% easily digestible and rich protein in essential amino acids, and 20-30% carbohydrates, a significant part of which is dietary fiber, mainly insoluble, as well as vitamins and minerals. However, this proportion is different for different varieties of cannabis. The seeds can be eaten whole, dehulled, or used to produce, e.g., cooking oil, flour, or hemp protein [24; 25]. Plant oils are widely used in the cosmetics industry. In the whole group, industrial hemp seed oil is highly valued for its special health-promoting properties and multidimensional action. It has a positive effect on the skin and the whole body. Polyunsaturated fatty acids contained in hemp seed oil have a strong ability to penetrate the skin and have sunscreen and antioxidant effects, as well as improving skin nutrition and elasticity [26; 27]. Due to its antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties, essential oil obtained from hemp also enjoys the attention of the cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries. It includes, e.g., shampoos, soaps, creams, cosmetics against acne, facilitating wound healing, and reducing swelling, as well as massage and aromatherapy products and insect repellents. In addition, due to its antibacterial and antifungal properties, it can be used as a natural substance supporting the preservation of cosmetics [28; 29; 30; 31]. Figure 5: Possibilities of using individual parts of the hemp plant. In the chemical industry, hemp can be used to remove pollutants from industrial wastewater. Hemp-based felt is an efficient bio-sorbent for heavy metals [32]. In the chemical industry, hemp can be used to remove pollutants from industrial wastewater. Hemp-based felt is an efficient bio-sorbent for heavy metals. Hemp biosorbents ensure the effective and permanent reduction of pollutants and the improvement of wastewater management. Traditional treatment methods have limitations that hemp biosorbents do not have and, at the same time, provide similar efficiency and greater durability. Lead(II) contamination is extremely dangerous due to its toxic and carcinogenic effects, and its removal from the environment has been a serious problem. So far, it has been removed with synthetic single-exchange resins. Biosorbents based on hemp straw can successfully replace them and remove lead(II) from water systems, which is a sustainable and economically viable alternative [33; 34]. The paper and pulp industry is also returning to the use of hemp as a resource in industrial paper production. After developing appropriate technology and selecting optimal operating conditions for an industrial installation producing cellulose pulp, hemp can be a raw material for paper production [35].