## 5 Conclusions  
The study provides valuable insights into improving the mechanical properties of low-quality pure aluminum by incorporating minor amounts of fine boron carbide (B4C) particles. The findings suggest that even minimal reinforcement can significantly enhance the strength and hardness of aluminum, making it suitable for more demanding applications while maintaining its lightweight nature.  
By using low-quality aluminum as a base material, the research demonstrates a cost-effective and resource-efficient approach to developing high-performance aluminum composites. This approach contributes to sustainable materials science by utilizing low-grade aluminum, which is more readily available and typically less expensive than aluminum alloys.  
The combination of B4C particle reinforcement with T6 heat treatment is explored in this study, allowing for a deeper understanding of the heat treatment's role in achieving optimal microstructural and mechanical improvements. This is particularly significant for industries looking to maximize material performance through controlled heat treatment processes. This research adds to the existing body of knowledge in composite material science, particularly in the field of aluminum matrix composites (AMCs). By focusing on minor reinforcement with fine particles, the study highlights the potential of micro-reinforcement strategies to achieve significant property enhancements, paving the way for future research on other reinforcing particles and processing techniques.  
The findings are valuable for industries seeking cost-effective ways to improve the performance of aluminum-based materials. Practical implications include:  
* Enhanced material properties: The enhanced hardness and strength without significantly compromising ductility make these composites suitable for applications requiring both wear resistance and sufficient ductility, such as automotive and aerospace components.
* Feasibility for further processing: The improved mechanical properties and low porosity of the reinforced and heat-treated aluminum suggest suitability for further forming processes, such as calibrated rolling, which can improve machinability by plastic deformation.
* Sustainable material usage: By using minor amounts of reinforcement materials, the study supports the development of more cost-effective and sustainable aluminum composites, potentially reducing the need for high-purity aluminum or more expensive alloying processes.  
Overall, this research provides a pathway for enhancing low-quality aluminum's utility, enabling broader application and potentially reducing manufacturing costs in sectors that prioritize lightweight, high-strength materials.  
Conceptualization, M.A. and I.T.; methodology, M.A., I.T. and N.L.; software, I.T., D.K. and N.A.; validation, M.A. and N.L.; formal analysis, M.A., I.T. and Z.A.; investigation, M.A., I.T., N.L. and N.A.; resources, M.A., D.K. and S.K.; data curation, Z.A. and K.N.; writing--original draft preparation, M.A., I.T. and N.L.; writing--review and editing, M.A., I.T. and N.L.; visualization, N.A., D.K., A.A. and K.N.; supervision, M.A.; project administration, M.A.; funding acquisition, M.A. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
This research was funded by the Science Committee of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan (grant no. AP14972831).  
Not applicable.  
**Data Availability Statement:** All the relevant data is contained within the article itself. Additional data may be shared by the authors following a reasonable request.  
Conflicts of Interest: Author [PERSON] is employed at Qarmet Joint Stock Company. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.