# Electricity Usage Efficiency and Electricity Demand Modeling in the Case of Germany and the UK
## 4 Model Output  
Table 1 shows monthly data regarding the German market from 2005 until April 2013 used for regression analysis. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & \(Y\) & \(X_{1}\) & \(X_{2}\) & \(X_{3}\) & \(X_{4}\) & \(X_{5}\) & \(X_{6}\) \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Month-Year**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Demand**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Temperature**} & **Temp. over** & **Industrial** & \multirow{2}{*}{**Days**} & **GDP** & **Efficiency** \\  & & & **17 °C** & **Output** & & & \\ \hline Janaunry-2005 & 50,927 & 2.75 & 0 & 87 & 31 & 100.00 & 100 \\ February-2005 & 48,766 & –0.4 & 0 & 89 & 28 & 100.00 & 99.70089731 \\ March-2005 & 49,467 & 4.55 & 0 & 98.3 & 31 & 100.00 & 99.40268924 \\ April-2005 & 45,074 & 10.15 & 0 & 97.7 & 30 & 100.00 & 99.10537312 \\ May-2005 & 43,240 & 13.7 & 0 & 90.4 & 31 & 100.00 & 98.80894628 \\ June-2005 & 43,598 & 17.05 & 0.05 & 102.7 & 30 & 100.00 & 98.51340606 \\ July-2005 & 43,805 & 19 & 2 & 93.5 & 31 & 100.00 & 98.21874981 \\ \(\vdots\) & \(\vdots\) & \(\vdots\) & \(\vdots\) & \(\vdots\) & \(\vdots\) & \(\vdots\) \\ May-2006 & 43,565 & 13.75 & 0 & 102.7 & 31 & 103.40 & 95.32022782 \\ June-2006 & 43,178 & 17.6 & 0.6 & 102 & 30 & 103.40 & 95.03512246 \\ July-2006 & 45,224 & 23.15 & 6.15 & 98.5 & 31 & 103.40 & 94.75086985 \\ August-2006 & 43,645 & 16.2 & 0 & 97 & 31 & 103.40 & 94.46746744 \\ \(\vdots\) & \(\vdots\) & \(\vdots\) & \(\vdots\) & \(\vdots\) & \(\vdots\) & \(\vdots\) \\ July-07 & 45,204 & 18.05 & 1.05 & 107.4 & 31 & 106.20 & 91.40543281 \\ August20-07 & 44,619 & 17.5 & 0.5 & 102.2 & 31 & 106.20 & 91.1320367 \\ September-2007 & 42,259 & 12.8 & 0 & 109 & 30 & 106.20 & 90.85945832 \\ \(\vdots\) & \(\vdots\) & \(\vdots\) & \(\vdots\) & \(\vdots\) & \(\vdots\) & \(\vdots\) \\ July-08 & 46,350 & 18.8 & 1.8 & 111 & 31 & 107.00 & 88.17811552 \\ August-2008 & 44,225 & 18.1 & 1.1 & 97.2 & 31 & 107.00 & 87.9143724 \\ September-2008 & 43,347 & 12.3 & 0 & 114.8 & 30 & 107.00 & 87.65141815 \\ \(\vdots\) & \(\vdots\) & \(\vdots\) & \(\vdots\) & \(\vdots\) & \(\vdots\) & \(\vdots\) \\ May-2009 & 40,591 & 14.45 & 0 & 84.5 & 31 & 101.60 & 85.57590151 \\ June-2009 & 41,487 & 15.65 & 0 & 90.8 & 30 & 101.60 & 85.31994168 \\ July-2009 & 42,644 & 18.7 & 1.7 & 91.4 & 31 & 101.60 & 85.06474744 \\ \(\vdots\) & \(\vdots\) & \(\vdots\) & \(\vdots\) & \(\vdots\) & \(\vdots\) & \(\vdots\) \\ April-2010 & 42,082 & 9.25 & 0 & 96.4 & 30 & 105.20 & 82.8020749 \\ May-10 & 42,788 & 11.15 & 0 & 95.5 & 31 & 105.20 & 82.55441167 \\ June-2010 & 44,736 & 17.3 & 0.3 & 103.6 & 30 & 105.20 & 82.3074892 \\ July-2010 & 44,225 & 20.7 & 3.7 & 99 & 31 & 105.20 & 82.06130528 \\ \(\vdots\) & \(\vdots\) & \(\vdots\) & \(\vdots\) & \(\vdots\) & \(\vdots\) & \(\vdots\) \\ June-2011 & 43,093 & 17.6 & 0.6 & 103 & 30 & 108.50 & 79.40139954 \\ July-2011 & 43,307 & 16.7 & 0 & 104.7 & 31 & 108.50 & 79.16390782 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Monthly data regarding the German market from 2005 until April 2013 used for regression analysis. The output of the regression model looks as follows:  
\[Y=-11400-468.8\times X_{1}+1009.5\times X_{2}+49.5\times X_{3}+582.0\times X_{4}+2 21.9\times X_{5}+176.2\times X_{6} \tag{2}\]  
Variable \(Y\) is measured in MWh. Variables \(X_{2}\), \(X_{5}\), and \(X_{6}\) are coefficients which were set to 100 as the average number for the year 2005. Variable \(X_{3}\) represents the number of days, and \(X_{1}\) and \(X_{4}\) are measured in Celsius degrees. \(p\)-values of the variables included in the model are included in Table 2 below:  
It is possible to conclude that apart from the temperature variables, the efficiency variable is the most important one in the model presented. Models explaining electricity demand movements for the period analyzed show very similar relations for Germany and other large EU countries, such as France and the UK. According to the models, for the same output, about 1.2% less electricity was needed every year.