# Survey on Power-Aware Optimization Solutions for MANETs
## 3 Analysis of Power-Aware Optimization Solutions in MANETs
### Transmission Power Control-Based Routing Protocols
For this, they extended the original implementation of the DSR protocol and made proper amendments in the IEEE 802.11 (MAC) standard as well. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [173] proposed the Modified DSR that applies an energetic-aware mechanism to DSR protocol and by using energy consumption for transmission as part of routing cost calculation. Additionally, the Modified DSR uses energy consumption metrics for energy consumption balancing purposes as it also incorporates the energy-aware routing protocol with a load distribution solution. To find the optimal paths between the communicating nodes in MANET, [PERSON] and [PERSON] [174] modified the traditional DSR algorithm by using the Firefly algorithm. In particular, the Firefly algorithm, as used in their framework, improves the DSR routing performance with well-organized packet transfer from the source to the destination node. The optimal route is found based on link quality, node mobility, and end-to-end delay. The authors conducted simulation experiments (with 25 nodes) and compared the performance of the traditional DSR, link quality-based DSR for selecting a route, and the proposed Firefly algorithm for optimal route finding. For this comparison, they used QoS parameters, such as throughput, end-to-end delay, number of retransmitted packets, and the number of hops to the destination. Moreover, they found that their method, with the Firefly algorithm, outperforms the other DSR schemes. From another perspective, [PERSON] et al. [175] proposed a genetic algorithm (GA)-bacterial foraging optimization algorithm to perform the selection of the optimal routing in DSR. After searching out multiple routes to the destination node, the paths are initialized. Then, the GA algorithm is started. This algorithm quickly finds the positions of the maximum probability optimal paths, which are the initial positions of bacteria for the bacteria foraging optimization (BFO) algorithm. Through using the BFO algorithm, it is easy to search out the extreme value and the optimal path to compensate for the poor accuracy of the GA algorithm. The proposedoptimized strategy improves the routing selection algorithm without changing the complexity of DSR and proves the convergence of the algorithm to the global optimal solution. The Ad hoc On-demand Multipath Distance Vector (AOMDV) [176] is an enhanced routing protocol based on AODV that provides multipath extensions. In AOMDV, the end-to-end delay is reduced by the utilization of parallel paths. AOMDV guarantees loop freedom and the disjointedness of alternate paths. The performance comparison of AOMDV with AODV showed that AOMDV, compared to AODV, can effectively cope with mobility-induced route failures. It can reduce the packet loss by up to 40% and can achieve an extraordinary improvement in the end-to-end delay. By reducing the frequency of route discovery processes, the AOMDV protocol also decreases the routing overhead by about 30%. [PERSON] et al. [177] modified the AODV protocol, that results in a selection of zone-disjoint paths, to the extent feasible, and thus their protocol (ZD-AOMDV) achieves less end-to-end delay. The efficiency of the Zone-Disjoint (ZD) paths-AOMDV protocol was evaluated on various scenarios and there was a remarkable improvement in the PDR, and also in the reduction in end-to-end delay, compared to AOMDV. [PERSON] et al. [178] suggested the Energy-Aware Routing (EAR) protocol, that is designed based on the transmission range that needs to be used when delivering network packets to their destinations. EAR was used in the AODV routing protocol as a case study for the required routing discovery when it is performed. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [179] proposed the AODV range routing (AODV-RR) protocol; an improved version of AODV that includes the \"range routing\" mechanism. According to this mechanism, AODV-RR selects particular nodes to be responsible for receiving and processing any routing request based on the Received Signal Strength (RSS).