## 5 Conclusions
Under the same weather conditions, there is a difference in obstacle recognition distance by road lighting grade, and the obstacle recognition distance is longer in the order of M1 \(>\) M3 \(>\) M5, so it was found that road lighting with a higher road lighting grade is more advantageous in securing visibility in rain and fog. The difference was found to occur up to 22.75%. 3. Under normal weather conditions, the difference in obstacle recognition distance by color temperature is not significant when the road lighting level is the same, but in rain and fog situations, 3006 K (yellow light) was found to have a longer obstacle recognition distance than 4940 K (white light), and the difference was up to 21.87%. As this study was an experiment conducted in a relatively limited environment, it may be difficult to conclude that the resulting obstacle recognition distance values for each experimental condition are absolute values. However, since the tendency of the experimental results appears to be very clear, it is judged that it has been sufficiently verified that obstacle recognition distance can be used as measure of effectiveness of road lighting performance evaluation in adverse weather. In the future, it is expected that more specific experimental results will be derived if the test subjects' conditions are subdivided by age or gender and the rain and fog conditions are further subdivided. In addition, although this study conducted experiments on foot to confirm feasibility, it is expected that results more similar to reality will be possible if experiments are conducted using actual vehicles. When driving in an actual vehicle, it is assumed that the distance at which the driver perceives obstacles will be more similar to the actual phenomenon due to the speed of the vehicle, and the difference in recognition distance may become clearer depending on weather conditions and road lighting conditions. Driving in rain and fog at night causes a lot of workload and can lead to traffic accidents. In the long term, in order to reduce traffic accidents through road lighting during rain and fog at night, measures of effectiveness applicable to rain and fog situation are needed. Based on the results of this study, we hope to improve the method of deriving obstacle recognition distances under various and more specific experimental conditions in the future and to actively conduct performance evaluation of road lighting during adverse weather. Conceptualization, [PERSON] and W.P. ; methodology, W.P. ; formal analysis, [PERSON] and K.P. ; investigation, W.P. and K.P. ; writing--original draft preparation, W.P. ; writing--review and editing, J.J. and K.P. ; visualization, K.P. ; supervision, [PERSON]; project administration, J.J.; funding acquisition, J.J. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. This work is supported by the Korea Agency for Infrastructure Technology Advancement (KAIA) grant funded by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport (Grant: RS-2021-KA163243 \"Development of Standard Procedure for Testing and Evaluation for Road Safety Technologies Utilizing Adverse Weather Reproducing Conditions\"). Not applicable. Data Availability Statement: Data are contained within the article. The authors declare no conflicts of interest.