# ChatGPT for Education and Research: Opportunities, Threats, and Strategies
## 6 Threats and Strategies  
As an AI LLM, ChatGPT can play an important role in education and research. The capabilities of this powerful tool are not limited to these fields but also apply to many others. However, despite the many advantages of using ChatGPT, there are also challenges in using it for education and research, especially for technical education such as computer programming. Because ChatGPT is capable of generating texts that are nearly indistinguishable from human-generated texts in high-level cognitive tasks, this capability of ChatGPT raises concerns about its potential use in education and research. In this section, we present the challenges and possible strategies for using ChatGPT. **Integrity of assignments and online exams:** Online exams have become a common phenomenon in higher education. As ChatGPT can generate human-like text for academic topics, educators and institutions need to be aware of the possibility of cheating in online exams using ChatGPT. In short, ChatGPT threatens the fairness and validity of online exams and assignments. To address these raised issues, there are some strategies that educators and institutions can take. Students can be given clear instructions on assignments and online exams on how to structure their assignments and answer their questions online [57]. Students can send their assignments to teachers for review before final submission. An advanced plagiarism-detection tool can be used to detect AI-generated texts. Furthermore, advanced exam supervision/protoring techniques could be effective for online exams [14]. In this context, further research is required to fully understand the impact of AI LLMs such as ChatGPT and strategies for combating the misuse of ChatGPT. **Blind reliance on generative AI tools:** A heavy reliance on generative AI tools such as ChatGPT can negatively affect education and research. This is because the ease of obtaining answers, problem-solving strategies, and scientific text generation can limit critical thinking and problem-solving skills. Recently, ChatGPT has authorized and credited published papers and preprints [58]. It also raises questions about writing essays and research articles. The CEO of OpenAI warns against blind reliance on ChatGPT, saying:  
_\"ChatGPT is incredibly limited but good enough at some things to create a misleading impression of greatness. It's a mistake to be relying on it for anything important but a preview of progress. We have lots of work to do on robustness and truthfulness.\"_  
-- [PERSON], CEO of OpenAI  
To address this issue, it is important for students, educators, and researchers to be aware of the limitations of LLMs, and these tools can only be used as supportive tools to enhance research and learning [59]. Further research is required to design academic curricula, question-and-answer patterns, assignments, and exams to address the challenges raised. **Difficulty in evaluating the ChatGPT-generated answers and texts:** As an AI LLM, ChatGPT uses complex algorithms and statistical models to generate answers and text on the basis of patterns learned from large amounts of text data. The answers and texts generated by ChatGPT are becoming indistinguishable from human-generated answers and texts. This poses a challenge to educators and researchers [57; 60; 61; 62]. Existing plagiarism-detection tools are finding it increasingly difficult to distinguish between AI- and human-generated texts. As a result, restrictions have been placed on the use of ChatGPT in educational institutions [63]. [PERSON] et al. [57] presented several strategies for recognizing texts from LLMs such as ChatGPT, including language inconsistencies, a lack of proper citations, factual errors, ambiguity, and poor context awareness. Further research on the development of new technologies (e.g., AI-based plagiarism detectors) is needed to ensure the integrity of education and research.