## 4 Results  
### Evolution of RIP  
RIP's design and performance have been carefully tested throughout the years. In a 1983 study [28], the authors studied the validation of RIP measurements by comparing RIP signals with spirometry results, where 100% and 96% of the validation values remained within a \(\pm\)10% error range for ambulatory and ventilator-supported subjects, respectively. Further development of RIP and study of its effectiveness was observed in the literature; in [68], the authors found a very high correlation coefficient between RIP and spirometer readings (r = 0.982 and r = 0.978 for volume and airflow, respectively), with <8% error for tidal volume. In [69], the authors studied and verified RIP in healthy and simulated obstructed breathing, achieving a regression coefficient of 0.95 \(\pm\) 0.056 (mean \(\pm\) SD), which demonstrates RIP's potential to identify respiratory changes in obstructive lung diseases. In [7], the authors studied RIP in children of 3-5 years of age to observe various respiratory parameters to assess the feasibility of RIP in such a challenging age group. The scope of use of RIP has broadened over time, and numerous studies have tested and validated RIP in a range of practical case scenarios. RIP was studied to detect postoperative apnea [70,71] in infants and achieved a promising <2% error figure in measuring tidal volume [71]. RIP was implemented by integrating RIP belts in wearable garments in a 2007 study to assess the effect of adherence of RIP belts to the human body [72]. RIP has  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Study** & **Q1** & **Q2** & **Q3** & **Q4** & **Q5** \\ \hline [PERSON] (2014) [37] & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes \\ \hline [PERSON] (2017) [48] & Yes & Not specified & Yes & Yes & Yes \\ \hline [PERSON] (2016) [13] & Yes & Yes & Not specified & Yes & Yes \\ \hline [PERSON] (2016) [53] & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes \\ \hline [PERSON] (2020) [54] & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes \\ \hline [PERSON] (2019) [58] & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes \\ \hline [PERSON] (2020) [59] & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes \\ \hline [PERSON] (2021) [51] & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes \\ \hline [PERSON] (2013) [65] & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes \\ \hline [PERSON] (2013) [55] & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes \\ \hline [PERSON] (2015) [66] & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes \\ \hline [PERSON] (2016) [49] & Yes & Not specified & Yes & Not specified & Yes \\ \hline [PERSON] (2013) [40] & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes \\ \hline [PERSON] (2021) [56] & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes \\ \hline [PERSON] (2018) [50] & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes \\ \hline [PERSON] (2017) [38] & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes \\ \hline [PERSON] (2022) [67] & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes \\ \hline [PERSON] (2014) [39] & Yes & Yes & Not specified & Yes & Yes \\ \hline [PERSON] (2022) [60] & Yes & Not specified & Yes & Yes & Yes \\ \hline [PERSON] (2020) [61] & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes \\ \hline [PERSON] (2019) [62] & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes \\ \hline [PERSON] (2021) [42] & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes \\ \hline [PERSON] (2012) [41] & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes \\ \hline [PERSON] (2018) [63] & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 4: _Cont._demonstrated its ability to be used for long-term monitoring purposes, i.e., in patients with neuromuscular disease [73].