## 1 Introduction  
The increasing frequency of extreme weather events triggered by climate change poses significant risks to global society, economy, and the environment [1]. Rising sea levels and ecosystem destruction exacerbate the challenges faced by nations on a transboundary scale. In response to this global challenge, the international community has taken a series of actions [2]. The establishment of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in 1992 provides a legal basis and guidance for global climate action [3]. The Kyoto Protocol in 1997 further delineates emission reduction obligations for both developing and developed nations. The Paris Agreement, reached at the 21 st United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP21) in 2015, marks a more ambitious phase in global climate action [4]. Key outcomes of the series of UNFCCC-led critical meetings are outlined in Table 1.  
In the 2050 carbon neutrality strategic plan, the carbon reduction plan for the construction sector involves a series of medium- to long-term emission reduction paths, including enhancement of energy efficiency standards and promotion of green buildings. The plan also includes initiatives such as promoting energy-efficient and low-carbon transformations for old buildings and strengthening innovation in low-carbon building technologies [5]. The strategy aims to create low-carbon and ZCB, utilizing measures like financial subsidies and green finance to drive the development of the green building industry. According to  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Node** & \begin{tabular}{c} **Time and** \\ **Place** \\ \end{tabular}  & **Theme** & **Objectives** & **Outcome** & **China Action** \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{ \begin{tabular}{c} COP1 \\ Berlin \\ \end{tabular}  } & \multirow{6}{*}{ \begin{tabular}{c} 28 March– \\ 7 April 1995 \\ \end{tabular}  } & \multirow{6}{*}{ \begin{tabular}{c} The Conference \\ of the Parties to \\ UNFCCC for the \\ first time \\ \end{tabular}  } & \ \begin{tabular}{c} Establish a \\ framework for \\ global climate \\ \end{tabular}  & \begin{tabular}{c} The Berlin \\ \end{tabular}  & As a founding member of \\  & & & & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & & & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & & & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & & & & \\ \cline{1-1}  
data from the International Energy Agency (IEA) [6], the construction industry contributes significantly to global greenhouse gas emissions, accounting for approximately 39% of the total CO2 emissions over the building's entire lifecycle. The carbon neutrality strategies and implementation pathways of developed countries such as the United States, the European Union, the United Kingdom, and Japan are outlined in Table 2[7]. The plan addresses various aspects, including standard systems, technological innovations, and policy frameworks, highlighting the importance of the construction sector in mitigating global greenhouse gas contributions [8]. China is at a crucial stage in the development of the \"14 th Five-Year Plan\" and the urgency of responding to the dual carbon goals has propelled the advancement of energy-efficient and green buildings to higher standards [9]. National policies [10], such as the \"Technology Support Carbon Peak and Carbon Neutrality Implementation Plan (2022-2030)\" and the \"14 th Five-Year Plan for the Development of Energy Conservation and Green Buildings\" consider decarbonization, emission reduction, and energy efficiency enhancement as core objectives, presenting an innovative technology path of \"energy efficiency--energy production--carbon reduction\". Although there are still debates domestically and internationally regarding the definition of ZCB, and the field is currently in its early stages of policy promotion and demonstration application, the lack of mature technological systems and cases underscores the importance of the theoretical framework of systematic integrated design for disrupting traditional building design.