# Electric-Field-Coupled Resonator Antenna for 5G Applications
## 6 Conclusions
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**References**} & \multirow{2}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} **Substrate** \\ \(\varepsilon_{\text{r}}\) \\ \end{tabular} } & \multicolumn{2}{c}{\begin{tabular}{c} **Antenna Size** \\ **(Width mm \(\times\) Length mm \(\times\)** \\ **Height mm)** \\ **(\(\Omega_{\text{L}}\) at the Lowest Frequency)** \\ \end{tabular} } & \multicolumn{2}{c}{\
\begin{tabular}{c} **Impedance** \\ **Bandwidth** \\ **(\%)** \\ \end{tabular} } & \multicolumn{2}{c}{
\begin{tabular}{c} **Maximum** \\ **Gain** \\ **(dBi)** \\ \end{tabular} } \\ \hline
[2] & 3.55 &
\begin{tabular}{c} 40 \(\times\) 40 (height not mentioned) \\ (0.32 \(\lambda_{\text{L}}\)\(\times\) 0.32 \(\lambda_{\text{L}}\)) \\ \end{tabular} & 2.44 & 1 \\ \hline
[3] & 4.4 &
\begin{tabular}{c} 25 \(\times\) 12.2 \(\times\)1.6 \\ (0.1 \(\lambda_{\text{L}}\)\(\times\) 0.2 \(\lambda_{\text{L}}\)\(\times\) 0.013 \(\lambda_{\text{L}}\)) \\ \end{tabular} & 8.64 & 2.17 \\ \hline
[5] & 4.4 &
\begin{tabular}{c} 50 \(\times\) 50 \(\times\) 0.6 \\ (0.26 \(\lambda_{\text{L}}\)\(\times\) 0.26 \(\lambda_{\text{L}}\)\(\times\) 0.003 \(\lambda_{\text{L}}\)) \\ \end{tabular} & 3.15 & 3.13 \\ \hline
[6] & 2.2 &
\begin{tabular}{c} 39 \(\times\) 39 \(\times\) 0.5 \\ (0.31 \(\lambda_{\text{L}}\)\(\times\) 0.31 \(\lambda_{\text{L}}\)\(\times\) 0.004 \(\lambda_{\text{L}}\)) \\ \end{tabular} & 7.3 & 2.06 \\ \hline
[7] & 4.4 &
\begin{tabular}{c} 32 \(\times\) 40 \(\times\) 1.6 \\ (0.2 \(\lambda_{\text{L}}\)\(\times\) 0.25 \(\lambda_{\text{L}}\)\(\times\) 0.01 \(\lambda_{\text{L}}\)) \\ \end{tabular} & 10.64 & 1.6 \\ \hline
[8] & 10.2 &
\begin{tabular}{c} 32 \(\times\) 40 \(\times\) 1.6 \\ (0.2 \(\lambda_{\text{L}}\)\(\times\) 0.25 \(\lambda_{\text{L}}\)\(\times\) 0.01 \(\lambda_{\text{L}}\)) \\ \end{tabular} & 15.62 & 2.75 \\ \hline
[13] & 4.4 &
\begin{tabular}{c} 25 \(\times\) 40 \(\times\) 1.6 \\ (0.2 \(\lambda_{\text{L}}\)\(\times\) 0.2 \(\lambda_{\text{L}}\)\(\times\) 0.018 \(\lambda_{\text{L}}\)) \\ \end{tabular} & 11.76 & 2.88 \\ \hline
[16] & 4.4 &
\begin{tabular}{c} 17.92 \(\times\) 2.38 \\ (0.11 \(\lambda_{\text{L}}\)\(\times\) 0.11 \(\lambda_{\text{L}}\)\(\times\) 0.003 \(\lambda_{\text{L}}\)) \\ \end{tabular} & 2.35 & 0.74 \\ \hline
[14] & 4.4 &
\begin{tabular}{c} 20 \(\times\) 20 \(\times\) 0.5 \\ (0.11 \(\lambda_{\text{L}}\)\(\times\) 0.11 \(\lambda_{\text{L}}\)\(\times\) 0.003 \(\lambda_{\text{L}}\)) \\ \end{tabular} & 1.87 & 0.31 \\ \hline
[15] & 4.4 &
\begin{tabular}{c} 19.18 \(\times\) 22.64 \(\times\) 1.6 \\ (0.12 \(\lambda_{\text{L}}\)\(\times\) 0.15 \(\lambda_{\text{L}}\)\(\times\) 0.01 \(\lambda_{\text{L}}\)) \\ \end{tabular} & 3.12 & 1.57 \\ \hline
[16] & 4.4 &
\begin{tabular}{c} 22 \(\times\) 24 \(\times\) 1.59 \\ (0.18 \(\lambda_{\text{L}}\)\(\times\) 0.19 \(\lambda_{\text{L}}\)\(\times\) 0.013 \(\lambda_{\text{L}}\)) \\ \end{tabular} & 8.97 & 3.26 \\ \hline
[17] & 4.4 & \
\begin{tabular}{c} 24.8 \(\times\) 30 \(\times\) 1.6 \\ (0.19 \(\lambda_{\text{L}}\)\(\times\) 0.23 \(\lambda_{\text{L}}\)\(\times\) 0.012 \(\lambda_{\text{L}}\)) \\ \end{tabular} & 9.17 & 2.8 \\ \hline Proposed Work & 2.2 &
\begin{tabular}{c} 23 \(\times\) 23 \(\times\) 1.52 \\ (0.26 \(\lambda_{\text{L}}\)\(\times\) 0.26 \(\lambda_{\text{L}}\)\(\times\) 0.02 \(\lambda_{\text{L}}\)) \\ \end{tabular} & 19.71 & 1.16 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Comparison of various compact patch antennas. **Author Contributions:** Conceptualization, M.M.R. and M.T.I. ; formal analysis, M.M.R., M.T.I. and T.A. ; funding acquisition, M.S.I. and M.T.I. ; investigation, M.M.R. and T.A. ; methodology, M.M.R., M.T.I. and T.A. ; supervision, M.S.I. and M.T.I. ; writing--original draft, M.M.R. ; writing--review and editing, M.T.I. and T.A. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. This work is supported by Faculty of Engineering, Multimedia University, Cyberjaya, Malaysia under research grant RDTC/221039, TM R&D. **Institutional Review Board Statement:** Not applicable. **Informed Consent Statement:** Not applicable.