# Secure Utilization of Beacons and UAVs in Emergency Response Systems for Building Fire Hazard
## 1 Introduction  
Fire detection and corresponding safety systems like monitoring and emergency response systems are crucial aspects of any building management system, and billions of dollars are spent annually on the installation and maintenance of such systems [1]. However, with recent advances in IoT technology, intelligent emergency systems using smart sensors offer opportunities to accomplish these tasks more efficiently and economically. Smart sensors can often anticipate emergencies even before they happen, and when emergencies do occur, such sensors can provide more complete and reliable information to building management and emergency personnel. This allows building occupants to be evacuated more quickly and safely than is possible when using conventional systems. For these reasons, it is becoming standard for all new buildings to be equipped with wireless sensors that function as part of the overall building management system. In fact, many proposed alert and response systems already incorporate wireless sensors in their designs [2; 3; 4; 5; 6]. However, in these proposals [2; 3; 4; 5; 6], sensors are used only in the monitoring of interior locations, which leaves building exteriors insufficiently monitored. Furthermore, since such systems mostly use fixed cameras like closed-circuit television(CCTV) for monitoring, even many areas inside buildings remain vulnerable. Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), also known as drones, are another recently-emerging technology that is being used more frequently for monitoring and surveillance in many common public sectors. Specifically, camera-equipped drones have been widely used for visual monitoring in public safety, traffic management and disaster monitoring. Moreover, UAVs can be used to support search and rescue operations and perform operations that are hard to execute by human operators, at low operating costs. When UAVs are deployed ina disaster area, they can collect evidence of the presence of a victim and report the collected data to a rescue team. Some monitoring and warning and search and rescue systems have already proposed the use of UAVs [7; 8; 9; 10; 11; 12; 13; 14], but since most of those systems focus on natural disasters, they are not directly applicable to the monitoring of buildings. Another important weakness of those systems is that they do not account for the secure transmission of data between sensors/drones and control servers. This leaves such systems highly vulnerable to malicious attacks in which people outside of the system could easily alter the data that are being transmitted or even take direct control of various aspects of the system. In order to address these several constraints, in this paper, we propose a method of property monitoring and emergency response by utilizing beacons and UAVs on an IoT open standard platform such as the All]yon platform [18]. We also present a proof of concept prototype, called the UAV-EMOR (UAV-assisted Emergency Monitoring and Response) system. Our UAV-EMOR system offers the following three novel features. First, our UAV-EMOR system supports end-to-end secure communication between all components of the system, including UAVs, smart sensors, the control server and a smartphone app for security managers. Unfortunately, one aspect of wireless network-based monitoring and emergency response systems that has not been sufficiently addressed thus far is data security. Systems that use wireless networks are vulnerable to external manipulation, impersonation and eavesdropping, etc. In our system, as well, all entities are connected to the control server via wireless networks, and in order to provide secure data transmission, we incorporate the standard authenticated key exchange protocol supported by the Security 2.0 specification of the All]yon IoT platform [18].