## 1 Introduction
Rotating machinery, such as flywheel energy storage systems, electric motors, and centrifugal pumps, faces analogous challenges in reducing drag and heat dissipation. Relevant research on these machines is also worth  
Figure 1: Schematic of the Centrifugal Hypergravity and Interdisciplinary Experiment Facility (CHIEF) supergravity geotechnical high-speed centrifuge. discussing. [PERSON] et al. [10] applied and developed superconducting magnetic bearings in flywheel energy storage systems, highlighting that evacuating the system and filling it with helium are significant measures to reduce windage in flywheels. [PERSON] et al. [11] measured the windage power of an electric motor shaft rotating at high speeds under different vacuum conditions and demonstrated that vacuuming can significantly reduce the windage power. [PERSON] et al. [12] conducted a study on the design of rotor windage loss for a high-efficiency permanent magnet synchronous motor (HEFSM) to analyze the windage losses for various rotor shapes and determine the optimal HEFSM rotor configuration for short stack length and long core length applications. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [13] and [PERSON] et al. [14] also used CFD simulations to investigate the windage in electric motors, and their steady-state simulations showed good agreement with the experimental results, thereby validating the feasibility of using CFD to simulate rotating machinery. [PERSON] et al. [15] used CFD simulation methods to investigate centrifugal pumps and demonstrated that the SST k-\(\omega\) turbulence model more accurately captures small eddies within the viscous sublayer than the RNG k-\(\varepsilon\) turbulence model. Systematic studies dedicated to optimizing wind resistance in supergravity centrifuges have been relatively sparse, primarily for two reasons: (1) historically, supergravity centrifuges have been operated at accelerations or rotational speeds that were not particularly high, resulting in relatively low windage, and issues such as heat accumulation and vibrations were less pronounced, and (2) the fluid dynamics equations governing supergravity centrifuges are nonlinear, precluding the derivation of precise analytical solutions. Moreover, experimental research on these centrifuges is considerably more expensive than that on conventional rotating machinery, such as motors, leading to a limited number of both theoretical and experimental investigations in this field. Because the designed acceleration and capacity of Zhejiang University's CHIEF supergravity centrifuge are 1500 g and 1900 gt, respectively, optimizing the wind resistance to reduce heat dissipation and drive motor power consumption becomes a critical issue in the design process. This involves designing the experimental chamber body shape, arm geometry, and surface roughness of the supergravity centrifuge. Consequently, research on the design of supergravity centrifuges based on wind resistance optimization has become increasingly necessary. Because of the inability to obtain analytical solutions for supergravity centrifuges and the substantial costs associated with experimental research on different accelerations and configurations, we employed CFD simulations, which have wide applications in the field of rotating machinery. The CFD model was experimentally validated using a ZJU400 centrifuge at Zhejiang University, and the overall trend correlation was considerably high. Consequently, the analysis of the factors influencing windage in this study regarding supergravity centrifuges carries a significant reference and guiding value. The research methods and results herein are also applicable and informative for similar rotating machinery, such as electric motors and flywheel energy storage systems.