## 3 Results
### Use of Modular Design in Prosumer Scope
#### 3.2.2 Methods  
Table 2 shows a series of user-focused modular design methods. In total, five methods have been found that met both requirements at the same time. Numerous modular design methods have been developed over the past decades, but it was not until the past decade that prosumer-oriented methods began to be developed. For this reason, the methods presented below correspond to recent research in recent years. Several of them have in common their orientation to personalization and mass customization through modular design. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline
**Product** & **Author, Date** & **Description** & **Objective** & **Phase** \\ \hline (H) Swidwet [40] & Swidget Corp., 2018 & Smart home device with configurable smart outlets, wall switches and inserts with a compatible connection & A + E & P \\ (H) Freccube [41] & Avatar Controls, 2017 & Command center with interchangeable modules: wireless charger, LED sensor, Bluetooth speaker, power base, etc. & P + E + C & P \\ (T) Ki Ecobe [42] & INNUS & Self-assembled modular shoe with 5 combinable modules (strap, boot, sole, laces and insole), colors and styles & P & P \\ (T) Bloqbag [43] & Bloqbag, 2017 (Jersey City, NJ, USA) & Backpack with pockets of various sizes that are magnetically attached to a base and can be used as individual bags & P + A + E & P + U \\ (Y) Cubelets [44] & Modular Robotics, 2012 (Pittsburgh, PA, USA) & Robot blocks that help teach problem-solving skills with software packages within each hardware modules & A & U \\ (Y) Makeblock [45] & Distinitva S.Coop., 2017 (Vitoria, Spain) & Modular robotics kit based on 8 modules: battery, Bluetooth, gyroscope, motor, controller, sound and touch & A & U \\ (E) Youmo [46] & Youmo Power, 2016 (Munich, Germany) & Modular multiple charging strip with eleven modules of different energy options (powerline, multi-USB, etc.) & A + E & P + U \\ (E) Fairphone [47] & Fairphone (Amsterdam, The Netherlands) & Mobile with replaceable, configurable and upgradeable modules: battery, camera, screen, speaker, case, etc. & E + C & P \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Modular design real cases for prosumer. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline
**Method** & **Author, Date** & **Description** & **Objective** & **Phase** \\ \hline Conceptual model for modular service platforms [48] & [PERSON] et al., 2016 & Design of modular services from a standardized core of modules in order to increase flexibility & A & P + U \\ Method to optimize & [PERSON]; & Use of modular design in the initial phase to improve manual assembly with the objective of creating adaptable and customizable products. & P + A & P \\ Methodology for module & [PERSON] et al., 2018 & Methodology focused on the product-service system (PSS) that contemplates the construction & P + C & P + U \\ portfolio planning [13] & [PERSON] & Method based on modular and scalable design of the product platform to achieve customization and configuration of the product. & P + A & P \\ Mass customization based on & [PERSON], [PERSON] & Framework that considers three key characteristics of mass customization: user experience, co-creation and product change & P + A & P \\ (modular design). & & & \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: User-focused modular design methods. 3.2.3. Modular Design-Prosumer Relationship  
Through the prior analysis of real cases and modular design methods, the existing and potential relationship between the two areas can be established. Modular design must be treated as a critical tool through which prosumers can achieve specific objectives. We must consider what modular design can offer throughout the life cycle of a product and what the prosumer needs in each phase of this cycle.