# Physiological Effects of Green-Colored Food-Derived Bioactive Compounds on Cancer
## 2 Physiological Effects and Mode of Actions (MoA)
### Lutein
In addition, an interdisciplinary approach involving pharmacology, medicinal chemistry, and epidemiology would solve many of the challenges, in order for green food compounds to be at the forefront of cancer therapy. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**NO**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Chemical**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Structure**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Source**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Cancer Site**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Mechanism or Target Marker**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Reference**} \\  & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Name**} & & & & & - & Suppress phase 1 \\  & & & & - & Prostate & & metabolizing enzyme & \\  & & & - & - & Ovarian & - & Activate the phase 2 & \\  & & - & Broccoli & - & Lung & - & detoxification/antioxidant & \\  & & & - & B bladder & enzyme & & \\ \cline{4-8}
1 & \multirow{2}{*}{Sulforaphane} & \multirow{2}{*}{\({}^{\circ}\)NCS} & - & Kale & - & Stomach & - & Nrf2-mediated signaling & [22; 23; 24; 26; 27] \\  & & & - & Cabbage & - & Oral & - & p53 \\  & & & - & Breast & - & - & Arrest cell cycle \\  & & & & - & Breast & - & Epigenetic regulation \\  & & & & & - & HDAC inhibition & \\  & & & & & & - & Modulate Ki-67 & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**2**} & \multirow{2}{*}{Catechin derivatives} & \multirow{2}{*}{**100**} & \multirow{2}{*}{-} & \multirow{2}{*}{Fresh tea} & \multirow{2}{*}{-} & \multirow{2}{*}{Ovarian} & \multirow{2}{*}{-} & \multirow{2}{*}{Ovarian} \\  & & & & & & & \\  & & & - & Lung & - & Upregulate antioxidant & \\  & & & leaves & - & Ovarian & & enzymes & \\  & & & - & Green tea & - & Liver & - & Activate the phase 2 & \\  & & & - & Fruits & - & Intestinal & antioxidant enzyme & [38; 41] \\  & & & - & Vegetables & - & Colorectal & - & p53 \\  & & & - & Bladder & - & Arrest cell cycle & \\  & & & & - & Skin & - & Suppress IGF1R, & \\  & & & & & & - & phosphor-GSK36, & \\  & & & & & - & Decreases MMP2 and 9 & \\ \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**3**} & Chlorophyll & \multirow{2}{*}{\({}^{\circ}\)NCS} & - & Green pig- & \multirow{2}{*}{-} & Skin & \multirow{2}{*}{-} & \multirow{2}{*}{Inhibits heme} \\  & & & & ment present & - & Liver & & oxygenase (HMO) \\  & & & in all plants & - & Colorectal & - & Upregulate p53 and cyclin A & \\  & & & - & Cyanobacteria & - & Lung & - & and B \\  & & & - & Algae & - & Lung & - & Downregulate CDK1 and \\ \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**4**} & Isoflavone & \multirow{2}{*}{\({}^{\circ}\)NCS} & \multirow{2}{*}{-} & \multirow{2}{*}{Soybean} & \multirow{2}{*}{-} & \multirow{2}{*}{Prostate} & \multirow{2}{*}{-} & \multirow{2}{*}{NFR signaling pathway} \\  & & & & & & & & \\  & & & - & Boy product & - & Breast & - & PI3K/ Akt signaling pathway & \\  & & & & & & - & BCI-2 signaling pathway & \\  & & & & & & - & ERK signaling pathway & \\  & & & & & & - & Wint signaling & \\ \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**5**} & \multirow{2}{*}{Indole derivatives} & \multirow{2}{*}{\({}^{\circ}\)NCS} & - & Cabbage & - & Breast & - & Estrogen receptor & \\  & & & - & Cabbage & - & Cervical & - & Akt/NFkB signaling pathway & \\  & & - & Cauliflower & - & Prostate & - & Endoplasmic reticulum stress & \\  & & - & Broccoli & - & Endometril & - & BICA gene expression & \\  & & & & & - & Caspase activation & \\ \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**6**} & \multirow{2}{*}{Lutein derivatives} & \multirow{2}{*}{-} & Dark green & - & Breast & - & Caspase-3-mediated & \\  & & & vegetables & - & Prostate & apoptosis & \\  & & - & Marigold & - & Esophageal & - & Block phosphorylated protein & \\  & & & flower & - & Lung & & kinase B & \\  & & - & Fruits & - & Colorectal & - & Suppress phosphorylated & \\  & & - & Egg yolk & - & Pancreatic & & ERK 1/2 ad NFkB & \\  & & - & Brown algae & & - & Downregulate HES1 & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Anti-cancer activities of green-colored food-derived bioactive compounds and their mechanisms.