## 3 Results
### Basic Results on the Three Different Step Rates  
The three different step rates produced different results for various parameters, which are displayed in Table 2. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c} \hline  & & **N** & **Mean** &
\begin{tabular}{c} **Std.** \\ **Deviation** \\ \end{tabular} & **Min** & **Max** & \(\boldsymbol{p}\) \\ \hline Age (years) & male & 11 & 41.09 & 8.87 & 30 & 58 & 0.359 \\ \cline{2-7}  & female & 9 & 45.44 & 11.81 & 26 & 59 & \\ \cline{2-7} Height (m) & male & 11 & 1.79 & 0.05 & 1.725 & 1.907 & \textless{}0.001 * \\ \cline{2-7}  & female & 9 & 1.65 & 0.09 & 1.533 & 1.815 & \\ \hline Weight (kg) & male & 11 & 78.65 & 9.60 & 62.0 & 95.0 & 0.002 * \\ \cline{2-7}  & female & 9 & 63.40 & 9.37 & 46.6 & 78.2 & \\ \cline{2-7} BMI (kg/m\({}^{2}\)) & male & 11 & 24.40 & 2.12 & 20.48 & 27.46 & 0.215 \\ \cline{2-7}  & female & 9 & 23.29 & 1.62 & 19.83 & 25.62 & \\ \hline Weekly distance (km) & male & 11 & 40.09 & 22.22 & 15 & 96 & 0.035 * \\ \cline{2-7}  & female & 9 & 24.22 & 14.32 & 15 & 48 & \\ \cline{2-7} Running speed (m/s) & male & 11 & 3.01 & 0.45 & 2.50 & 3.88 & 0.02 * \\ \hline \hline  & & & & & & & \\ \end{tabular} Note: A \(t\)-test was used if the data had a normal distribution; otherwise, a non-parametric test was applied. *\(p<0.05\). BMI: body mass index.  
\end{table} 
Table 1: Detailed demographic data for participants and experimental conditions. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline
**Parameter** & **Mean** & **Std. Error** & **95\% Confidence Interval** & & \\ \hline
**SR (Step/Min)** & & & **Lower Bound** & **Upper Bound** & **Note** & \(\boldsymbol{p}\) \\ \hline PSR & 164.283 & 1.529 & 161.07 & 167.496 & PSR vs. \textgreater{}10\% & \textless{}0.001 * \\ \hline
10\% \textgreater{} PSR & 180.722 & 1.689 & 177.175 & 184.27 & PSR vs. \textless{}10\% & \textless{}0.001 * \\ \hline
10\% \textless{} PSR & 147.899 & 1.389 & 144.98 & 150.818 & \textless{}10\% vs. \textgreater{}10\% & \textless{}0.001 * \\ \hline
**SL Left (m)** & & & & & & \\ \hline PSR & 1.169 & 0.050 & 1.064 & 1.274 & PSR vs. \textgreater{}10\% & \textless{}0.001 * \\ \hline
10\% \textgreater{} PSR & 1.040 & 0.048 & 0.939 & 1.141 & PSR vs. \textless{}10\% & 0.011 * \\ \hline
10\% \textless{} PSR & 1.255 & 0.051 & 1.148 & 1.362 & \textless{}10\% vs. \textgreater{}10\% & \textless{}0.001 * \\ \hline
**SH Left (m)** & & & & & & \\ \hline PSR & 0.224 & 0.016 & 0.191 & 0.258 & PSR vs. \textgreater{}10\% & 1 \\ \hline
10\% \textgreater{} PSR & 0.243 & 0.019 & 0.203 & 0.283 & PSR vs. \textless{}10\% & 0.413 \\ \hline
10\% \textless{} PSR & 0.238 & 0.017 & 0.203 & 0.272 & \textless{}10\% vs. \textgreater{}10\% & 1 \\ \hline
**SA Left (deg)** & & & & & & \\ \hline PSR & 37.1 & 1.201 & 34.576 & 39.623 & PSR vs. \textgreater{}10\% & 0.026 * \\ \hline
10\% \textgreater{} PSR & 42.242 & 1.894 & 38.264 & 46.22 & \textgreater{}10\% vs. \textless{}10\% & 0.15 \\ \hline
10\% \textless{} PSR & 36.784 & 1.603 & 33.417 & 40.151 & \textless{}10\% vs. PSR & 1 \\ \hline
**SL Right (m)** & & & & & & \\ \hline PSR & 1.142 & 0.051 & 1.036 & 1.248 & PSR vs. \textgreater{}10\% & 0.07 * \\ \hline
10\% \textgreater{} PSR & 1.066 & 0.051 & 0.958 & 1.174 & PSR vs. \textless{}10\% & \textless{}0.001 * \\ \hline
10\% \textless{} PSR & 1.281 & 0.044 & 1.188 & 1.374 & \textless{}10\% vs. \textgreater{}10\% & \textless{}0.001 * \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Comparison of various parameters between three step rates on left and right sides, respectively. A significant increase in step angle (SA) was observed bilaterally when comparing the PSR trial to 10% > PSR. Additionally, a significant increase was also observed bilaterally when comparing 10%> PSR to 10% < PSR on the right side. Conversely, no significant difference was noted between SA when comparing the PSR trial and 10% below PSR. A pairwise comparison of SL showed an inverse relationship to SR, i.e., step length was increased when the step rate decreased.