# Testing of Permeability of RFID Access Control System for the Needs of Security Management
## 1 Introduction  
Access control systems are parts of alarm systems. Unlike most alarm systems, access control systems use a combination of information systems and mechanical barriers to control the movement of people based on predefined organizational and regime measures. Access control systems are used in companies today for many practical reasons. They facilitate attendance control, automatically allow or disallow access to protected areas, and control the movement of persons within the premises. In defining access control systems, we will base our definition on the technical standard EN 60839-11-1/AC2. By alarm and electronic security systems, we refer to electronic access control systems. According to the relevant standard, an access control system can be defined as a system that is intended to provide authorized persons with access to or egress from a secured area and to deny unauthorized persons access to or egress from the secured area [1,2]. [PERSON] defines access control systems as electronic systems that grant automated consent for entry through a security portal without the need for a security officer to check the authority of the person entering through the portal [2,3]. The following facts follow from the basic definitions of access control systems [3,4]:  
* An access control system is classified as an alarm and electronic security system, given the designation of the standard;
* An access control system must recognize an authorized person from an unauthorized person and decide whether to allow or refuse entry;
* The role of the system is to protect the area to be secured by controlling the portal and to trigger an alarm condition if the portal is breached. Access control systems can be thought of as electronic systems that control passage through security portals [5]. By security portal [6], we mean, for example, an entranceto a room that is equipped with an access control system (e.g., a door, an electric lock, and an access reader) [6; 7]. Access control systems consist of many components, the basic ones being a controller, a database, access readers, electric locks, and a user interface for administration (computer). Access control systems also include their users, procedures, access control policies, and organizational security policies [3; 8]. Access control systems have their position within the overall system of building protection and alarm systems. In contrast to alarm security systems, mechanical security devices such as turnstiles, security culverts, electric locks, magnetic locks, etc., which serve to mechanically prevent access, also fall within the scope of access control systems. The access control system is often connected with an intruder alarm system or its part [8; 9]. If an unauthorized user attempts to enter through a security portal, the system signals such activity, and if the user manages to overcome the security portal, the access control system can trigger an alarm condition with the intruder alarm system; in other words, it can serve as an active component of the intruder alarm system. Another system with which access control systems cooperate is the electrical fire alarm system [9; 10; 11]. If a fire-based alarm condition is declared, it is necessary that all security portals that serve as escape routes are not blocked to allow persons to leave the protected area. Several access control system access readers are also supplemented by so-called duress signaling, whereby pressure is exerted by an intruder on a person who has permission to enter. The duress signaling function of an access control system can be described as an emergency system [11] or a call-for-help system, which also fall within the domain of alarm systems [12; 13; 14]. The appropriate parameter setting of counter access control systems has been addressed by many authors. The most common way in which the sensing capability can be adjusted is by adjusting the antenna and frequency [15; 16]. The technical standard EN 60839-11-1/AC2 classifies access control systems according to the level of risk.