## 2 Results
### Instrumental Measurement of Skin Parameters
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Skin Parameter** & **Group** & \begin{tabular}{c} **Measurement I** \\ **(Week 0)** \\ \end{tabular} & \
\begin{tabular}{c} **Measurement II** \\ **(Week 8)** \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} **Statistical** \\ **Significance (\(p\))** \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Hydration} & Colostrum cream (n = 30) & 35.9 \(\pm\) 11.8 [U] & 51.1 \(\pm\) 10.7 [U] & \(p<0.0001\) \\  & Placebo (n = 18) & 42.2 \(\pm\) 11.9 [U] & 46.2 \(\pm\) 8.3 [U] & NS (\(p=0.147\)) \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{TEWL} & Colostrum cream (n = 30) & 21.1 \(\pm\) 12.3 [U] & 15.3 \(\pm\) 5.4 [U] & \(p=0.021\) \\  & Placebo (n = 16) & 20.8 \(\pm\) 9.0 [U] & 16.1 \(\pm\) 6.2 [U] & \(p=0.030\) \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Erythema} & Colostrum cream (n = 30) & 351.9 \(\pm\) 83.2 [U] & 361.6 \(\pm\) 92.5 [U] & NS (\(p=0.254\)) \\  & Placebo (n = 18) & 336.2 \(\pm\) 78.1 [U] & 359.0 \(\pm\) 82.1 [U] & NS (\(p=0.115\)) \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Melianian content} & Colostrum cream (n = 30) & 111.7 \(\pm\) 33.7 [U] & 109.8 \(\pm\) 33.3 [U] & NS (\(p=0.520\)) \\  & Placebo (n = 18) & 107.6 \(\pm\) 31.0 [U] & 104.5 \(\pm\) 26.1 [U] & NS (\(p=0.517\)) \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Sebum} & Colostrum cream (n = 28) & 40.9 \(\pm\) 35.0 [U] & 39.0 \(\pm\) 26.2 [U] & NS (\(p=0.684\)) \\  & Placebo (n = 18) & 42.1 \(\pm\) 35.5 [U] & 39.7 \(\pm\) 27.8 [U] & NS (\(p=0.689\)) \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Firmness R0} & Colostrum cream (n = 29) & 0.201 \(\pm\) 0.026 [U] & 0.177 \(\pm\) 0.021 [U] & \(p<0.0001\) \\  & Placebo (n = 16) & 0.207 \(\pm\) 0.029 [U] & 0.177 \(\pm\) 0.031 [U] & \(p=0.001\) \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Firmness F0} & Colostrum cream (n = 29) & 32.6 \(\pm\) 4.6 [U] & 27.1 \(\pm\) 3.0 [U] & \(p<0.0001\) \\  & Placebo (n = 16) & 31.6 \(\pm\) 4.1 [U] & 26.7 \(\pm\) 3.5 [U] & \(p<0.0001\) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Changes in skin parameters after eight weeks of treatment in the colostrum cream and placebo groups, expressed as mean \(\pm\) SD. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Skin Parameter** & **Colostrum Cream Group** & **Placebo Group** & **Statistical Significance (\(p\))** \\ \hline Hydration & 45.5 (12.3; 82.0) [\%] & 9.5 (\(-\)15.0; 34.3) [\%] & \(p=0.008\) \\ TEWL & \(-\)18.2 (\(-\)34.1; 2.8) [\%] & \(-\)19.1 (\(-\)40.6; 2.9) [\%] & NS (\(p=0.854\)) \\ Erythema & 4.6 (\(-\)5.2; 10.0) [\%] & 2.3 (\(-\)5.0; 13.4) [\%] & NS (\(p=0.823\)) \\ Melanin content & \(-\)3.5 (\(-\)10.0; 7.4) [\%] & 0.6 (\(-\)16.8; 12.1) [\%] & NS (\(p=0.865\)) \\ Sebum & 5.4 (\(-\)34.6; 99.5) [\%] & \(-\)6.1 (\(-\)38.1; 100.8) [\%] & NS (\(p=0.536\)) \\ Firmness R0 & \(-\)10.8 (\(-\)17.6; \(-\)5.7) [\%] & \(-\)15.7 (\(-\)23.5; \(-\)4.8) [\%] & NS (\(p=0.448\)) \\ Firmness F0 & \(-\)17.2 (\(-\)25.5; \(-\)5.1) [\%] & \(-\)15.9 (\(-\)24.7; \(-\)6.7) [\%] & NS (\(p=0.652\)) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Percentage changes in skin parameters over the course of treatment in the colostrum cream and placebo groups, expressed as median and interquartile range, i.e., median (25%; 75%). Figure 4: Skin firmness (F0) before and after treatment in the colostrum cream and placebo groups; \({}^{**}\)\(p<0.0001\). Figure 3: Skin firmness (R0) before and after treatment in the colostrum cream and placebo groups; \({}^{***}\)\(p<0.0001\), \({}^{**}\)\(p<0.001\). Figure 2: TEWL before and after treatment in the colostrum cream and placebo groups; \({}^{*}\)\(p<0.05\).