## 6 Discussion  
As mentioned above, the operational measurements of the time changes of the axial forces were carried out with an empty ladle weight of 70,300 kg and a full ladle weight of  
Figure 11: The time courses of the axial forces when removing the empty ladle and rotating the pedestal with the full ladle to the reserve position. Figure 10: The time courses of axial forces in Bolts No. 8, No. 19, and No. 24 when loading the empty ladle into Basket 1 and rotating the pedestal to the casting position. 241,600 kg. In the technical characteristics of the casting pedestal defined by the operator, the values of an empty ladle at 70,000 kg and a full ladle at 260,000 kg were defined, which represents a difference of 0.43% in the case of an empty ladle, but in the case of a full ladle its maximum possible weight is 7.1% higher, thus the stress and strain fields in the elastic behaviour of the structure will be higher according to the stated difference, including axial forces. Therefore, in the subsequent analysis, it was necessary to consider their increase by 7.1% at the measured maximum values of an axial force range of 61 kN, i.e., with increased range \(\Delta N_{\text{max}}=65\,\text{kN}\). Another particularly serious fact is that for the material of the bolt at S355 JR, the fatigue limits in an alternately symmetrical and disappearing cycle are defined by the value of \(\sigma_{c}=178.5\,\text{MPa}\) and \(\sigma_{Hc}=305\,\text{MPa}\), and when determining the limiting upper stress according to the simplified Haigh diagram already at the actual preload set (200 kN) and the maximum increase in axial force increased by 7%, the maximum value of the upper stress \(\sigma_{\text{HB}}\) in bolt will be:  
\[\sigma_{\text{HB}}=\frac{(200+65)\cdot 10^{3}}{2050.3}=129.2\,\text{MPa} \tag{1}\]  
thus, the mean stress is:  
\[\sigma_{\text{m}B}=64.6\,\text{MPa}. \tag{2}\]  
In accordance with the fatigue curve for the material values of the bolt (see Appendix A), the number of cycles will be up to failure \(N^{*}=124,700\), thus, in the implementation of 35 melts per day, the lifespan of the bolts of the casting pedestal will be approximately 3560 days. From the analysis of the critical points on the anchor bolts, it can be seen that the replacement of the original nuts with new nuts played a very important role, as the first thread of the bolt in the nut is more than twice as sensitive to the occurrence of a failure as the thread termination point. The anchor bolt's failure limit is determined by a location which, despite the frequent occurrence of the failure, is a much safer cross-section. The experimental determination of axial force ranges has shown that the calculation of the forces in the anchor bolts ensures a high value of anchor safety. On the other hand, the force measurement methodology and the interpretation of the results achieved, including a comprehensive view of anchoring safety, provides relevant evidence of the functionality and effectiveness of the proposed solution. In order to ensure safe operation of the anchoring during the lifespan of new parts for the casting pedestal, and taking into account the accumulation of damage to the anchoring bolts to date, it is necessary to apply the current recommendation of the authors that, when placing a full ladle in the casting pedestal and when rotating it, there should always be an empty ladle or a ladle with molten slag in the other basket. Otherwise, if a full ladle is always loaded into the casting pedestal and there is not at least an empty ladle on the other side, the lifespan of the anchoring will be reduced to about one third. Conceptualization, M.P., A.S. and P.L. ; methodology, M.P. and P.L. ; validation, M.P., P.L. and P.S. ; formal analysis, M.P., P.S. and A.S.; investigation, M.P., P.L. and M.H. ; resources, P.L., M.H. and P.S. ; draft preparation, M.P. and P.L. ; writing--review and editing, M.H. and M.P. ; visualization, M.H. and A.S.; project administration, M.P. ; funding acquisition, M.P.