## 3 Results
### Examining the Novelty/Contribution Claims Associated with the Three-Topic Model
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{p{34.1 pt} p{346.9 pt}} \hline
**Degree of Association to Topic 1** & **Claims Associated with Topic 1: Photonics Design/Simulation Tools and Techniques; Fabrication Equipment, Techniques and Capabilities** \\ \hline
0.982 & An obvious practical advantage of our fabrication method is that AR facets can be produced by using standard lithographic and etching techniques at the wafer level. \\ \hline
0.982 & We reported results of numerical simulations of reflection and transmission spectral filters based on Bragg gratings in subwavelength grating metamaterial waveguides. We demonstrated that filters with spectral bandwidths as small as a few tens of picometers can be implemented in silicon waveguides while keeping minimum structural dimensions compatible with deep-UV lithography (>100 nm). \\ \hline
0.969 & We have shown both numerically and experimentally that substrate leakage losses in SWG waveguides are related directly to the effective index (or, equivalently, group index), and that this relation is invariant on the specifics of SWG geometry. This finding allows the designer to treat SWG structures abstracting from the BOX thickness constraint, and readily estimate the leakage losses from the calculated effective index using the results. \\ \hline
0.965 & We demonstrate the potential of SWG refractive index engineering through the realization of practical functional components.... \\ \hline
0.958 & The coupler principle is based on a gradual modification of the waveguide core refractive index and the corresponding mode size transformation by changing the volume fractions of the Si and SU-8 materials that form the composite waveguide core. \\ \hline
0.958 & We have shown, for the first time, that the efficient and widely used CMT formalism can be advantageously applied to Bragg gratings in SWG metamaterial waveguides, providing the coupling coefficients are determined by rigorous 3D tools such as FMM. \\ \hline
0.957 & In this Letter, for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, we report on the experimental demonstration of an ultra-directional fiber-chip grating coupler seamlessly fabricated by using 193 nm deep-ultraviolet (deep-UV) optical lithography, a viable tool for large-volume production. \\ \hline
0.904 & By exploiting the principle of SWG refractive index engineering in planar waveguides, the coupler was fabricated using a single-etch step process and backside metal deposition. \\ \hline
0.830 & We used 3D finite-difference time-domain simulations to minimize loss, crosstalk and polarization dependence. \\ \hline
0.826 & We demonstrate the proposed coupling principle on examples of various two-dimensional coupling structures using 2D Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) calculations \\ \hline
0.825 & We demonstrate the proposed principle by two-dimensional Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) calculations of various SWG structures designed for the silicon-on-insulator (SOI) platform \\ \hline
0.664 & We demonstrate the use of subwavelength gratings etched into the facets of silicon-on-insulator ridge waveguides as a means of reducing facet reflectivity by the gradient-index effect. \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Topic 3T1 textual examples referring to photonics simulation and fabrication methods: simulations, simulation, photonic, lithography, UV, UV lithography, metamaterial, unprecedented, FDTD calculations, calculations.