## 4 Discussion
### Changes in Skin Microbiome: Genus  
The microbes belonging to _Cutiobacterium_ are the causative agent of \"acne vulgaris\", which were uprooted after using APM (Figure 4B and Table S3). Similarly, _Acinetobacter_, associated with nosocomial infections [36], was uprooted after APM usage.  
_Corynebacterium_ had negative correlations with the number of UV spots and positive correlations with TEWL and caused pitted keratolysis, a common plantar infection confined to the thick stratum of corneum [37; 38]. The abundance of _Corynebacterium_ was reduced after APM usage (Figure 4B and Table S3). The results indicated that APM could help reduce the stratum corneum's thickening and UV-induced skin complications.  
In thymic epithelial malignancies, _Sphingomonas_ has been found as a dominating genus. These genera comprise the thymroma-specific microbiota [39]. _Sphingomonas_ abundance was reduced in the treatment samples (Figure 4B and Table S3) compared to the control (Figure 3B and Table S2). _Haemophilus_ and _Finegodidia_ are opportunistic pathogens [40; 41; 42]. _Paracoccus_ was the major genus in leprosy patients [43]. These microbes were not detected after the APM treatment (Figure 4B and Table S3). The results indicated that the APM mightreduce skin cancer-associated skin microbiota, inhibit opportunistic pathogens' growth, and be used as an adjuvant moisturizing agent to manage leprosy.  
The bacterial genus, _Enhydrobacter_, was found in older adults [38] and has been uprooted after APM treatment. The strains belonging to _Xanthomonas_ and _Staphylococcus_ are related to acne [44], slightly painful pimples, and boils on the skin [45] and vanished after APM treatment (Figure 4B and Table S3). The results indicated that APM could reduce the pathogenic skin microbiota associated with skin diseases. Similarly, the abundance of opportunistic pathogens (_Roseomonas_ spp., _Haemophilus_ spp., and _Finegoddia_ spp.) in the skin was reduced or vanished after APM treatment in healthy subjects.  
The genus _Streptomyces_ is reported for its antibacterial, antifungal, and antiparasitic activity and has also been used to treat skin infections for millennia [46]. _Bacillus_, _Paenibacillus_, and _Lysinibacillus_ have been reported for their antifungal, antibacterial, antitumor, and anti-mycopplastic activities [47; 48; 49]. These genes were detected in healthy subjects after APM treatment (Figure 4B and Table S3). The results showed that APM treatment could promote the development of healthy skin microbiota in healthy subjects.  
Moreover, the abundance of some of the pathogenic and opportunistic pathogenic (_Oclrobactrum_ spp., _Mycobacterium_ spp., _Treponena_ spp., and _Stentrofromomas_ spp.) [50; 51; 52; 53] bacterial load was increased in Tpost samples (Figure 4B and Table S3). In addition, the genus _Chrysobacterium_, _Allordinizobium_, _JG30-KF-CM45, Pseudomonas, Neochlamydia_, _WD2101, Pseudogracilibacillus_, 67-14, _Aquisphaera_, _Bryobacter_, _Mesorhizobium_, _TK10, Legionella_, _SA-28, SC-1-84_, and _Anaeromyxobacter_ were detected in the Tpost samples. The significance of these bacterial genera and their association with skin health was unknown.