## 4 Discussion
It is worth noting that the intracellular pH of the LAB drops simultaneously with the decrease in the extracellular pH, which is an individual feature compared to other bacterial cells (e.g., pathogenic microorganisms) and may constitute the basis for their antimicrobial activity [58]. Measurement of the pH of LAB cultures is an indirect method for monitoring the acidity of the strains used for fermentation. [PERSON] et al. [55] showed that the amount of acid (pH < 3.7) synthesized by two strains, T30 and S6, was higher than in the case of other LAB strains, for which the pH value was higher than 3.7 (the tested LAB strains belonged to the following species: _Lactobacillus plantarum_, _Lactobacillus pentosus_, and _Lactobacillus paracasei_ (_Lactiplantiobacillus plantarum_, _Lactiplantibacillus pentosus_, and _Lacticasieobacillus paracaei_)). The strains of lactic acid bacteria studied by the authors of the present study were characterized by a much higher antimicrobial potential compared with environmental isolates of the _Staphylococcus_ genus and reference strains. The observed diameters of growth inhibition were in the range of 14-50 mm. It should be emphasized that not all lactic acid bacteria show anti-staphylococcal properties. The tested _Levilactobacillus brevis_ MG 451,814 strain was not able to inhibit the growth of the following isolates: R1A, R2A, and S2A. However, in the case of the _Lacticasiebacillus rhamns_ LOCK 0943 strain and the R1A isolate, the zones of growth inhibition were not determined either. [PERSON] et al. [59], during their study of the antimicrobial potential of _Lactobacillus acidophilus_, _Lactobacillus casei_ (_Lactocasiebacillus casei_), and _Lactococcus cremoris_ in relation to 10 isolates of the genus _Staphylococcus_ (methicillin-resistant strains) and the reference strain of _S aureus_ ATCC 43300, did not observe the anti-staphylococcal potential of _Lactocus cremoris_, whereas [PERSON] et al. [60] did not demonstrate the anti-staphylococcal properties of _Lactobacillus reuteri_ ATCC 55730 (_Limosilactobacillus reuteri_) (regardless of aerobic conditions). During the present study, it was decided to create two-component antagonist environmental systems. The studies of [PERSON] et al. [61] showed no effect of the base medium on the antagonistic activity of lactic acid bacteria. Therefore, a commercial MRS Agar (Merck, Germany) was used for the preparation of systems, which is optimal for the growth of lactic acid bacteria. LR systems were created by combining polyphenols contained in extracts of pseudo-fruit pomace _Rosa rugosa_ Thunb. and selected strains of lactic acid bacteria. Earlier studies have shown that polyphenols at a concentration of 0.156 mg/mL have a prebiotic effect on the microorganisms used in the study [39]. It is worth noting that other scientists also looked for plant extracts that would inhibit the growth of pathogenic microflora while not limiting the growth of lactic acid bacteria. [PERSON] et al. [62] investigated the potential of spice and herb extracts (e.g., Japanese knotweed, pomegranate peel, and cloves). The obtained extracts showed the ability to combat five species of pathogenic bacteria (_B. cereus_, _E. coli_, _Salmonella enterica_ subsp. _enterica_, _Shigella flexneri_, and _S. aureus_). Thus, the extracts showed a prebiotic effect for four LAB species (the prebiotic effect was tested for the following strains of lactic acid bacteria: _Lactobacillus acidophilus_, _Lactobacillus casei_ (_Lacticasiebacillus casei_), _Lactobacillus plantarum_ (_Lactiplantithacillus plantarum_), and _Lactobacillus rhamns_ (_Lacticasiebacillus rhamns_)). In our work, we managed to compose antagonistic two-component antagonist systems based on the culture of selected LAB and pseudo-fruit pomace extracts from _Rosa rugosa_ Thunb., which effectively limited the growth of both collection strains and environmental isolates belonging to the genus _Staphylococcus_ spp.