## 4 Analysis of Proposed FP-AFSRM
### Comparison of Magnetostatic Analysis Results and Discussion  
The magnetostatic analyses of the proposed FP-AFSRM model were conducted in the range of 5 to 15 amperes, with 2.5 ampere steps. Figure 7 presents the torque and axial force graphs obtained from the magnetostatic analyses of the proposed model at various current levels. Figure 6: Torque (**a**) and axial force (**b**) curves of the proposed FP-AFSRM model at 10 amperes. Figure 7: Torque (**a**) and force (**b**) curves of the proposed model at different currents. For the performance comparison of the proposed FP-AFSRM model, average torques, torque ripples, and average axial force values were calculated from magnetostatic analyses conducted at different current levels. All three parameters are significant factors affecting the performance of electric motors. The torque ripple and axial forces should be minimized, while the average torque should be maximized. The torque ripple (\(T_{rip}\)) is calculated using the equation given in Equation (16) where \(T_{max}\), \(T_{min}\), and \(T_{avg}\) represent the maximum, minimum, and average torques, respectively [29]. Figure 8 shows the torque ripple and average axial force values of the proposed FP-AFSRM model at 10 amperes. Table 2 presents the values of \(T_{avg}\), \(T_{rip}\) and \(F_{avg}\) obtained from the analyses of the proposed FP-AFSRM model at various current levels. \[T_{rip}=\frac{\left(T_{\max}-T_{\min}\right)}{T_{\text{avg}}}.100\% \tag{16}\]  
Figure 8: (**a**) Torque ripple and (**b**) average force at 10 amps of the proposed FP-AFSRM model. Additionally, in SRMs, the duration for which each phase remains energized during a rotor pole step is determined by the rotor step angle (\(\theta_{s}\)) given in Equation (17). \[\theta_{s}=\frac{2\pi(N_{s}-N_{r})}{N_{s}N_{r}} \tag{17}\]  
where \(N_{s}\) represents the number of stator poles and \(N_{r}\) represents the the number of rotor poles. Since the proposed motor has a motor \(6/4\) pole structure, it was found that \(\theta_{s}=30^{0}\). Additionally, the unaligned-aligned position between the rotor and stator poles is defined by the maximum angle. The maximum angle (\(45^{0}\)) between the poles is determined as follows:  
\[\textit{Maximum angle}=\frac{360}{2N_{r}} \tag{18}\]  
In the operating principle of the proposed FP-AFSRM model, each layer operates independently within its designated angle range. During the motor's operation, only one of the left or right stators is active at any given time according to the rotor position; both stator phases are not energized simultaneously. This condition does not introduce additional losses in the motor. In other words, the losses experienced with a single layer operating as a \"single-stator and single-rotor FP-AFSRM\" are equivalent to the losses in the proposed configuration. For this reason, the operating principle of the proposed FP-AFSRM model is entirely similar to that of the \"single-stator and single-rotor FP-AFSRM\". Consequently, the results obtained from the analysis of the proposed FP-AFSRM model have been compared with the results from the analyses of the single-layer \"single-stator and single-rotor FP-AFSRM\". Figure 9 shows the torque and axial force graphs obtained from magnetostatic analyses of the left stator as \"single-stator and single-rotor FP-AFSRM\" at various current levels. In Figure 9, only the left stator is active. In other words, the left stator has been analyzed as a \"single-stator and single-rotor FP-AFSRM\". The left and right stators are twin stars with identical characteristics. If the right stator is also analyzed as a \"single-stator and single-rotor FP-AFSRM\", the same curves are obtained. Therefore, analyzing either the left or right stator as a \"single-stator and single-rotor FP-AFSRM\" does not result in any differences in the comparison results. Figure 10 shows the torque ripple and average axial force values obtained at 10 amperes from the analysis of the left stator as a \"single-stator and single-rotor FP-AFSRM\".