## 3 Results
### Plantar Pressure  
Plantar pressure was collected in this study to evaluate the kinetic characteristics of gait terminations with different arch stiffnesses. The comparison of the maximum pressures in eight anatomical regions are shown in Figure 3.  
The maximum pressure of UGT was significantly higher in the M1 (\(p\) = 0.002), M2 (\(p\) = 0.008), HM (\(p\) < 0.001), and HL (\(p\) < 0.001) compared to PGT. Conversely, the maximum pressures in M3 (\(p\) = 0.01) were significantly smaller in UGT compared with PGT.  
The maximum pressure from subjects with stiff arches was significantly smaller than with flexible arches in MH and LH (\(p\) = 0.037 and \(p\) = 0.009).  
Significant statistical interaction was only found in the maximum pressures of the heel region including HM and HL, which showed an interaction (\(F\) = 9.223, \(p\) = 0.003; \(F\) = 7.911, \(p\) = 0.006) for this parameter.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c} \hline \multicolumn{6}{c}{**Variables**} & \multicolumn{6}{c}{**ANOVA**} \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Joint**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Plane**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Pattern**} & **SA** & **FA** & \multirow{2}{*}{**Pattern**} & **Stiffness** & **Interaction** \\ \cline{5-8}  & & & **Mean (SD)** & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{Hip} & Sagittal & UGT & 26.01 (6.17) & 23.60 (4.13) & \(F\) = 10.774 & \(F\) = 3.578 & \(F\) = 0.557 \\  & & PGT & 23.47 (3.55) & 22.00 (2.67) & \(p\) = 0.001* & \(p\) = 0.060 & \(p\) = 0.457 \\  & Frontal & UGT & 6.77 (2.06) & 7.87 (2.31) & \(F\) = 14.400 & \(F\) = 2.925 & \(F\) = 1.515 \\  & & PGT & 8.31 (2.25) & 8.65 (1.69) & \(p\) \(<\) 0.001* & \(p\) = 0.089 & \(p\) = 0.220 \\  & Transverse & UGT & 12.77 (3.02) & 13.06 (3.26) & \(F\) = 0.530 & \(F\) = 2.545 & \(F\) = 0.834 \\  & & PGT & 12.05 (2.30) & 13.14 (3.42) & \(p\) = 0.467 & \(p\) = 0.112 & \(p\) = 0.362 \\  & & Sagittal & UGT & 37.12 (7.96) & 34.61 (8.71) & \(F\) = 2.678 & \(F\) = 1.038 & \(F\) = 0.616 \\  & & PGT & 38.31 (10.79) & 37.99 (10.63) & \(p\) = 0.103 & \(p\) = 0.310 & \(p\) = 0.433 \\  & & UGT & 4.94 (1.66) & 7.10 (2.41) & \(F\) = 3.578 & \(F\) = 78.560 & \(F\) = 1.774 \\ Knee & Frontal & PGT & 4.02 (1.22) & 6.94 (2.30) & \(p\) = 0.060 & \(p\) < 0.001* & \(p\) = 0.185 \\  & & UGT & 9.35 (1.98) & 9.30 (2.08) & \(F\) = 20.754 & \(F\) = 3.863 & \(F\) = 3.262 \\  & Transverse & PGT & 8.48 (2.55) & 7.27 (2.18) & \(p\) \(<\) 0.001* & \(p\) = 0.051 & \(p\) = 0.072 \\  & & UGT & 25.87 (4.44) & 23.26 (2.76) & \(F\) = 8.198 & \(F\) = 17.428 & \(F\) = 2.116 \\  & & PGT & 23.94 (2.85) & 22.60 (2.37) & \(p\) = 0.005* & \(p\) < 0.001* & \(p\) = 0.147 \\ Ankle & Frontal & UGT & 10.87 (3.16) & 11.00 (3.25) & \(F\) = 8.118 & \(F\) = 4.096 & \(F\) = 2.868 \\  & & PGT & 9.07 (2.50) & 10.55 (1.72) & \(p\) = 0.005* & \(p\) = 0.044* & \(p\) = 0.092 \\  & & UGT & 8.53 (2.07) & 7.72 (2.49) & \(F\) = 1.621 & \(F\) = 0.890 & \(F\) = 2.325 \\  & & PGT & 7.61 (2.20) & 7.80 (2.34) & \(p\) = 0.204 & \(p\) = 0.347 & \(p\) = 0.129 \\  & & UGT & 18.81 (8.38) & 19.28 (6.74) & \(F\) = 0.001 & \(F\) = 0.494 & \(F\) = 0.064 \\  & & PGT & 18.58 (7.35) & 19.58 (6.13) & \(p\) = 0.973 & \(p\) = 0.483 & \(p\) = 0.801 \\ MTP & Frontal & UGT & 10.78 (3.60) & 8.81 (3.55) & \(F\) = 0.282 & \(F\) = 13.232 & \(F\) = 0.027 \\  & & PGT & 10.42 (3.99) & 8.62 (2.69) & \(p\) = 0.596 & \(p\) < 0.001* & \(p\) = 0.870 \\  & & UGT & 3.20 (1.51) & 2.89 (1.08) & \(F\) = 0.025 & \(F\) = 2.197 & \(F\) = 0.001 \\  & & PGT & 3.16 (1.28) & 2.87 (0.94) & \(p\) = 0.876 & \(p\) = 0.140 & \(p\) = 0.973 \\ \hline \end{tabular} Note: The unit of ROM is degree (\(\%\)); SA, stiff arch; FA, flexible arch; UGT, unplanned gait termination; PGT, planned gait termination; MTP, metataxophalangeal joint; * means the main effect of terminal pattern; # means the main effect of arch stiffness.  
\end{table}
Table 1: Lower extremity joints’ range of motion (ROM) from subjects with different arch stiffnesses during two types of gait terminations.