# Smart Healthcare: Exploring the Internet of Medical Things with Ambient Intelligence
## 1 Introduction
### Purpose of Study  
The IoMT, together with its various components, encompasses a vast topic. This comprehensive work aims to serve as a one-stop solution for researchers. The purpose of this work can be summarized as follows:  
* A comprehensive explanation of the AMI environment is provided, highlighting its key components, functionalities, and capabilities in healthcare settings.
* Various IoMT sensors, including body-centric and ambient sensors, are explored while discussing their invasive or non-invasive nature, usage, benefits, and applications in facilitating intelligent healthcare solutions.
* Various types of actuators are discussed based on their relationship to the body and environment, providing insights into their functions, challenges, and examples in healthcare contexts.
* The communication protocols and technologies used in IoMT systems are delved into, examining their role in facilitating seamless data exchange and interaction among sensors, actuators, and other components in healthcare environments.
* The integration of the IoMT with AI algorithms is analyzed, specifically focusing on image and video data as well as sensor data processing techniques.
* A comprehensive literature survey is presented in order to explore the diverse applications of AMI in healthcare, covering areas such as remote patient monitoring, personalized healthcare delivery, smart medical devices, and telemedicine.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt}} \hline \hline
**Key Identifier** & **Main Objectives** & **Limitations** \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Unobserved healthcare spaces [5]} & Highlights the potential benefits of AMI towards optimizing clinical workflows, enhancing patient safety, and managing chronic diseases in daily spaces and hospitals. & Lacks information on actuators, public datasets, and analytical models \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Home-based healthcare [6]} & Examines standards and approaches for incorporating AMI into home-based healthcare, emphasizing the importance of AI accountability and reliability within AMI systems. & Lacks information on sensors, actuators, data collection, data processing, communication protocols, and model deployment \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{AIoT and healthcare [7]} & Describes the different methodologies and applications of IoT devices in the healthcare domain. & Lacks information on actuators, data collection methods, communication protocols, data processing, and analysis framework \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Elderly care [8]} & Reviews different sensors, data types, and methodologies for detecting abnormal behavior in ambient assisted living & Minimal information on actuators and diverse communication protocols \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Biosensors [9]} & Explores different machine learning (ML) applications in healthcare, AI-based clinical tools and start-ups, big data analytics and biosensors, and computing technologies. & Lacks information on actuators, datasets, communication protocols, and analytical models \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 1: Surveys on AMI and healthcare.  
* The challenges and limitations associated with the implementation of AMI in healthcare are analyzed, including issues related to data privacy, security, interoperability, scalability, and user acceptance.  
The rest of this paper is organized as follows. Section 2 describes the fundamentals of AMI, including the key characteristics and environments. Section 3 provides brief information on the roles of sensors and actuators in the IoMT. Section 4 discusses the significance of communications in the IoMT, along with descriptions of different protocols and their limitations. Section 5 focuses on the utilization of AI in the IoMT, covering different datasets, preprocessing techniques, annotation methods, model training, and outcome prediction. Section 6 explores the application of AMI in healthcare through two specific case studies. Section 7 discusses the open challenges. Finally, concluding remarks are provided in Section 8.