## 2 Results and Discussion
### Grape Volatile Arromas of Grapes and Their Glycosylated Precursors
#### 2.3.2 Terpenes

Table 4: Composition of terpenes (ug/kg) in Cabernet Sauvignon and Marselan grapes at different stages of leaf-removal treatment from 2021 to 2022. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Compounds** & **Vintage and Variety** & **LR1** & **LR2** & **LR3** & **CK** \\ \hline
1-Hexanol & 2021 Cabernet Sauvignon & 874.97 \(\pm\) 251.56 ab & 1085.27 \(\pm\) 73.2 a & 676.77 \(\pm\) 134.92 b & 341.77 \(\pm\) 129.16 c \\
1-Hexanol & 2022 Cabernet Sauvignon & 220.17 \(\pm\) 26.08 & 225.96 \(\pm\) 20.03 & 70.19 \(\pm\) 44.75 & 253.82 \(\pm\) 19.91 \\
2022 Marselan & 837.2 \(\pm\) 6.07 & 117.07 \(\pm\) 8.24 & 96.58 \(\pm\) 42.14 & 84.09 \(\pm\) 21.44 \\
2022 Cabernet Sauvignon & 1.76 \(\pm\) 0.81 b & 2.71 \(\pm\) 0.35 a & 1.12 \(\pm\) 0.28 b & 0.63 \(\pm\) 0.27 c \\ \((E)\)-3-Hexen-1-ol & 2022 Cabernet Sauvignon & 0.58 \(\pm\) 0.1 & 0.59 \(\pm\) 0.17 & 0.55 \(\pm\) 0.13 & 0.51 \(\pm\) 0.11 \\
2022 Marselan & 0.25 \(\pm\) 0.06 & 0.28 \(\pm\) 0.02 & 0.27 \(\pm\) 0.01 & 0.26 \(\pm\) 0.05 \\
2021 Cabernet Sauvignon & 20.38 \(\pm\) 53.7 ab & 25.46 \(\pm\) 23.9 a & 16.06 \(\pm\) 0.06 b & 22.07 \(\pm\) 57.57 ab \\
2022 Cabernet Sauvignon & 20.96 \(\pm\) 1.88 b & 32.48 \(\pm\) 3.28 a & 23.93 \(\pm\) 1.95 b & 18.96 \(\pm\) 5.76 b \\
2022 Marselan & 3.34 \(\pm\) 1.19 b & 6.99 \(\pm\) 0.95 a & 2.75 \(\pm\) 0.46 b & 2.07 \(\pm\) 0.35 b \\
2021 Cabernet Sauvignon & 3.40 \(\pm\) 3.92 b & 48.44 \(\pm\) 5.91 & 28.54 \(\pm\) 3.75 b & 12.54 \(\pm\) 2.92 c \\
2022 Cabernet Sauvignon & 19.18 \(\pm\) 3.51 b & 23.24 \(\pm\) 2.28 a & 19.87 \(\pm\) 2.68 b & 18.92 \(\pm\) 1.35 b \\
2022 Marselan & 3.96 \(\pm\) 0.51 & 5.81 \(\pm\) 0.91 & 4.28 \(\pm\) 1.29 & 3.99 \(\pm\) 0.92 \\
2021 Cabernet Sauvignon & 0.3 \(\pm\) 0.32 & 0.16 \(\pm\) 0.07 & 0.13 \(\pm\) 0.03 & 0.04 \(\pm\) 0.01 \\
1-Nonanol & 2022 Cabernet Sauvignon & 0.01 \(\pm\) 0.01 b & 0.01 \(\pm\) 0.01 b & 0.01 \(\pm\) 0.01 b & 0.02 \(\pm\) 0.01 a \\
2022 Marselan & 0.01 \(\pm\) 0.01 & 0.01 \(\pm\) 0.01 & 0.01 \(\pm\) 0.01 & 0.01 \(\pm\) 0.01 \\
2021 Cabernet Sauvignon & 904.47 \(\pm\) 137.9 c & 807.81 \(\pm\) 77.27 c & 168.99 \(\pm\) 92.22 b & 1599.76 \(\pm\) 106.62 a \\ Hexanal & 2022 Cabernet Sauvignon & 1741.02 \(\pm\) 38.77 & 175.35 \(\pm\) 392.47 & 169.89 \(\pm\) 5.368 a & 160.67 \(\pm\) 136.81 b \\
2022 Marselan & 1369.63 \(\pm\) 26.2 a & 968.46 \(\pm\) 191.5 b & 1266.12 \(\pm\) 78.57 ab & 880.32 \(\pm\) 136.66 c \\
2022 Cabernet Sauvignon & 841.82 \(\pm\) 26.55 c & 1046.99 \(\pm\) 82.52 b & 128.98 \(\pm\) 144.06 b & 1468.67 \(\pm\) 1034.5 a \\ (\(E)\)-2-Hexanal & 2022 Cabernet Sauvignon & 2307.06 \(\pm\) 87.29 & 273.23 \(\pm\) 98.45 & 282.12 \(\pm\) 39.32 b & 2564.27 \(\pm\) 379.37 \\
2022 Marselan & 2047.78 \(\pm\) 207.24 a & 1935.81 \(\pm\) 136.68 a & 198.74 \(\pm\) 186.89 a & 1556.95 \(\pm\) 116.68 b \\
2021 Cabernet Sauvignon & 1.17 \(\pm\) 0.16 b & 0.96 \(\pm\) 0.28 b & 2.16 \(\pm\) 0.32 a & 1.99 \(\pm\) 0.55 a \\ Nonanal & 2022 Cabernet Sauvignon & 1.21 \(\pm\) 0.22 & 1.83 \(\pm\) 0.33 & 1.14 \(\pm\) 0.19 & 1.47 \(\pm\) 0.5 \\  & 2022 Marselan & 1.02 \(\pm\) 0.80 & 0.69 \(\pm\) 0.09 ab & 1.01 \(\pm\) 0.14 a & 0.67 \(\pm\) 0.22 b \\  & 2021 Cabernet Sauvignon & 3.24 \(\pm\) 1.56 b & 4.16 \(\pm\) 1.54 b & 5.48 \(\pm\) 0.57 ab & 7.02 \(\pm\) 0.62 a \\ (\(E.E\))-2.4-Hexadienal & 2022 Cabernet Sauvignon & 1211.1 \(\pm\) 2.14 & 122.12 \(\pm\) 2.05 & 10.44 \(\pm\) 1.78 & 11.58 \(\pm\) 1.29 \\  & 2022 Marselan & 10.08 \(\pm\) 13.4 a & 9.28 \(\pm\) 0.9 ab & 10.2 \(\pm\) 0.41 a & 7.79 \(\pm\) 0.18 b \\  & 2021 Cabernet Sauvignon & 3.04 \(\pm\) 0.38 & 2.8 \(\pm\) 0.42 & 2.94 \(\pm\) 0.18 & 2.7 \(\pm\) 0.45 \\ Hexanoic acid & 2022 Cabernet Sauvignon & 1.62 \(\pm\) 1.54 b & 4.6 \(\pm\) 2.31 ab & 4.81 \(\pm\) 0.69 ab & 5.33 \(\pm\) 212.4 a \\  & 2022 Marselan & 2.97 \(\pm\) 0.4 b & 5.08 \(\pm\) 1.3 a & 3.12 \(\pm\) 0.19 b & 3.9 \(\pm\) 0.72 ab \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 5: Composition of C6/C9 compounds (ug/kg) in Cabernet Sauvignon and Marselan grapes at different stages of leaf-removal treatment from 2021 to 2022.