It has also been observed that there is no clear definition for a DT [20]. [PERSON] et al. have observed that some so-called DT projects do not entirely respond to the main definition of a DT and proposed three main sub-classes of so-called DT [21]. The first one is the _Digital Model_ or DM, very similar to a BIM when used in the construction industry, corresponding to a digital representation without automatic data transfer. They also defined the _Digital Shadow_ or DS, where the data are automatically sent in real-time from the physical to the digital asset only. Their _Digital Twin_ is then defined as a DM with automatic exchange both from the physical to the digital asset and vice versa (Figure 1). Some authors, such as [PERSON] et al. [22], have defined a fourth sub-class of DT: the _Digital Twin Predictive_, which is defined as a DT using predictive algorithms for further analysis. We decided to include this fourth sub-class in the _Digital Twin_ sub-class, in line with the main characteristics of DTs given by [PERSON] [17] and [PERSON] [18]. These subtypes can be used to observe the advancement in the development and challenges that need to be overcome to create a _true_ Digital Twin. These different observations allow us to establish our own definition of what a true DT should be: _A Digital Twin is a multi-scale representation of a whole consisting of a potential or existing system (physical product, user and activity) in the real environment, its virtual reflection in the digital space and the processes of automated exchange of data and information in real-time and using simulation algorithms and historical data or that collected from smart sensors to predict the system's future state or its response to a given situation. A Digital Twin may also include the Digital Twins of its subsystems_. One of the main revolutions brought by the I4.0 is the introduction of the XR technologies. The term XR defines a spectrum containing AR, MR and VR paradigms, from the least to the most immersive one. The term _augmented reality_ is first introduced in 1992 by [PERSON] and [PERSON] [23] to define virtual objects as overlapping with their users' real environment thanks to a specific device. The VR devices are mainly head-mounted display systems that allow the user to be immersed in an interactive virtual environment. According to Gartner, the use of these technologies has increased in the last year, thanks to the recent performance improvements and the miniaturisation of mobile devices. These improvements have allowed the implementation of MR devices, which were first defined in 1994 [24] and can be seen as improved AR devices with which the user can interact both with the digital and physical elements using intuitive interaction methods (e.g., information appeared according to user's position in space [25], take control of physical equipment through the use of the device [26]). Numerous research studies have been conducted to show the benefits of using BIM or XR devices to improve O&M in the construction industry, but also how their combined use can help to resolve some challenges. Furthermore, as observed in a literature review performed by [PERSON] et al., DT can bring many improvements to maintenance operations in industrial processes [19]. However, their review does not address the uses of BIM and XR technologies with a DT or the specific benefits to the construction industry. Research about the use of DT is still in its early stages of development, as no practical applications were found before 2017 [19; 27]. We have also observed that there are few if any papers using these technologies in combination. In this paper, we will study how the BIM and XR devices can further improve the development and the use of a DT to improve maintenance operations in the construction industry, from planning to work instructions. The paper is organised as follows: Section 2 describes the methodology used to find the papers that we analyse in the following sections.