# A Traceable and Verifiable Tobacco Products Logistics System with GPS and RFID Technologies
## 6 Conclusions  
We proposed a traceable and verifiable blockchain-based logistics system for tobacco products. We also proposed the chaincode algorithm and complete system architecture was raised in the scheme. Every tobacco product's logistics record can be scanned and recorded to the blockchain center via a mobile reader, so the authorized department or consumer can easily track the logistics of tobacco products. If there is any doubt about the tobacco products, any party is able to send a request to a third-party arbitrator to check which part in the supply chain is illegal.  
For the security of our system, we applied the ECDSA in the communication protocol to achieve a more secure system. The security of the system was analyzed such as mutual authentication, unforgeable data, non-repudiation, and integrity. In particular, for mutual authentication, we used BAN logic to prove that the communication was secure. Furthermore, the proposed protocol also prevents replay attacks and man-in-the-middle attacks, and it is hard to attack our system with validation of the timestamp and encryption/decryption of communication messages.  
We also compared our proposed scheme with the EU's scheme. The EU provides a general framework for the system, whereas our scheme focused more on how to realize the system with blockchain-based, GPS and RFID technologies. In the comparison, we found that our system had higher flexibility and was more secure.  
To sum up, our research achieved the following contributions:  
1. Clarifies the Hyperledger Fabric architecture and applies the blockchain technology to the field of transporting tobacco products.
2. The proposed blockchain-based system synchronizes the logistics record in the ledger via a secure private channel. Tobacco products are hard to forge or smuggle by a malicious party.
3. A verification phase was designed to provide consumers and auditors with the ability to check the legality of tobacco products. When illegal tobacco products are found, the access party can raise any doubts and the arbitrator can find out which party acted illegally in the logistics process.
4. Compared with the EU's scheme, the access party can scan the TID and update to the blockchain during the logistics phase, so the mechanism provides a flexible way to update the logistics records to the blockchain.
5. Provide security verification and simulation against known threats or attacks.
6. Use BAN Logic to prove the security of mutual authentication.  
This research proposes a system architecture that uses blockchain, GPS and RFID technologies to trace logistics records. This structure is also applicable to the application example of information tracking of all enterprise organizations and alliance chains.  
The authors' contributions are summarized below. [PERSON] and [PERSON] made substantial contributions to the conception and design. [PERSON] and [PERSON] were involved in drafting the manuscript. [PERSON] and [PERSON] acquired data and analyzed and conducted the interpretation of the data. The critically important intellectual content of this manuscript was revised by [PERSON], [PERSON], and [PERSON] All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 61801 413).  
This study was based entirely on theoretical basic research and did not involve humans.  
The data used to support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon request.  
The authors declare no conflict of interest.