# Probabilistic Analysis of Low-Emission Hydrogen Production from a Photovoltaic Carport
###### Abstract
Scientists have found it economically justified and technologically possible to support energy storage in the form of hydrogen [15]. Currently, there are globally available technologies for the production of hydrogen and its use in various sectors of the economy, including transport [16; 17]. Pure hydrogen produced by electrolytic methods can be safely stored, transported and, then, used to power various means of transport [18; 19]. This is made possible by fuel cell technologies, which convert the chemical energy of hydrogen into electricity and heat [20] either in a stationary location or on board vehicles [21; 22]. Many global vehicle manufacturers offer hydrogen vehicles using hydrogen in compressed or liquid form. As with electric vehicles, hydrogen vehicles also require infrastructure for their refueling [23]. In many European countries, such as Germany, Belgium, the Netherlands and Switzerland, there is fairly a large number of them. The first hydrogen vehicle refueling stations are also appearing in Italy and Poland [24]. The climate and energy transformation in the transport industry began with the public transport buses [25]. Due to the small number of kilometers traveled daily and the lack of dimensional restrictions for transporting large hydrogen tanks and heavy fuel cells, city buses were an excellent type of vehicle to convert to hydrogen [26]. At the same time, scientists and engineers in the automotive industry were working on the application of hydrogen technologies in commercial vehicles and passenger cars. Hydrogen as a fuel is also starting to power boats and ships, locomotives with many railway cars and airplanes. All of the above-mentioned means of transport require large amounts of hydrogen as fuel [27; 28; 29]. Scientific research conducted in the 21 st century should have applications in industry and contribute to improving human life. The cooperation of science with business allows funds for research and development work as well as for the testing of the developed technologies in real conditions to be obtained. Cooperation with accredited research institutes at the level of individual countries enables the efficient approval of innovative products. It is necessary for the safe introduction of innovations to the common market of the European Union and the global market as well [30; 31]. The dynamic development of hydrogen technologies is a natural place for start-ups and spin-off and spin-out companies [32; 33]. Science and technology parks around the world support such initiatives and enable their efficient and dynamic development [34]. The climate and energy transition using hydrogen produced from renewable energy sources must take the form of user-friendly technologies that will gradually replace technologies using fossil fuels [35; 36]. Individual countries will need different periods of time to achieve the required rates in replacing fossil energy sources with their green equivalents [37; 38]. This will result from the prices and the availability of individual hydrogen technologies and the willingness to implement them [39; 40; 41]. Especially at the beginning of the transition, good examples of such activities and the dissemination of their results are needed [42; 43; 44]. In the era of ubiquitous social media, this seems to be effortless. However, it is not so in reality, and there are many challenges ahead of us that need to be overcome. Building a hydrogen ecosystem means building the entire economy from scratch [45]. This is due to the fact that it is often easier to build an innovative, pre-ecological production company than to carry out an unjustified cost for the transformation of an old company [46]. During the hydrogen revolution, completely new players may appear on the global market, just as was the case with the emergence of new automotive companies such as Tesla during the electromobility revolution. The key role in this revolution will not only be played by the producers of individual hydrogen technologies (electrolyzers, tanks, fuel cells, etc.