# Using an Uptake Enhancer to Mitigate Nitrogen Leaching While Enhancing Uptake Efficiency
## 3 Results
### Effect of Uptake Enhancer Application on N Distribution
#### 3.1.1 Effect of Uptake Enhancer Application on N Distribution through a Soil Profile
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l l l l l l l} \hline \multicolumn{6}{l}{**Sampling Time 1 (4 Weeks)**} \\ \hline \multicolumn{6}{l}{**Treatments**} \\ \hline
**Depth (cm)** & **CNTRL** & **C** & **F** & **CF** & **FA** & **CFA** & **\(p\)-Value** \\ \hline
0-10 & 0.010 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 0.014 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 0.015 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 0.018 \({}^{\text{ab}}\) & 0.025 \({}^{\text{b}}\) & 0.053 \({}^{\text{c}}\) & **<0.001** \\  & (\(\pm\)0.0012) & (\(\pm\)0.0014) & (\(\pm\)0.0035) & (\(\pm\)0.0034) & (\(\pm\)0.0046) & (\(\pm\)0.0051) & **<0.001** \\ \hline
10-20 & 0.011 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 0.015 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 0.013 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 0.014 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 0.019 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 0.040 \({}^{\text{b}}\) & **<0.001** \\  & (\(\pm\)0.0009) & (\(\pm\)0.0027) & (\(\pm\)0.0030) & (\(\pm\)0.0025) & (\(\pm\)0.0061) & (\(\pm\)0.0056) & **<0.001** \\ \hline
20-30 & 0.011 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 0.017 \({}^{\text{ab}}\) & 0.018 \({}^{\text{ab}}\) & 0.018 \({}^{\text{ab}}\) & 0.018 \({}^{\text{ab}}\) & 0.025 \({}^{\text{b}}\) & **<0.0018** \\  & (\(\pm\)0.0014) & (\(\pm\)0.0035) & (\(\pm\)0.0012) & (\(\pm\)0.0034) & (\(\pm\)0.0083) & (\(\pm\)0.0018) & **0.005** \\ \hline
30-40 & 0.011 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 0.016 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 0.019 \({}^{\text{b}}\) & 0.019 \({}^{\text{b}}\) & 0.019 \({}^{\text{b}}\) & 0.021 \({}^{\text{b}}\) & **<0.0013** \\  & (\(\pm\)0.0086) & (\(\pm\)0.0025) & (\(\pm\)0.0019) & (\(\pm\)0.0015) & (\(\pm\)0.0036) & (\(\pm\)0.0041) & **0.001** \\ \hline
40-50 & 0.013 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 0.017 \({}^{\text{ab}}\) & 0.019 \({}^{\text{ab}}\) & 0.02 \({}^{\text{b}}\) & 0.020 \({}^{\text{ab}}\) & 0.017 \({}^{\text{ab}}\) & **<0.001** \\  & (\(\pm\)0.0015) & (\(\pm\)0.0031) & (\(\pm\)0.0031) & (\(\pm\)0.0031) & (\(\pm\)0.0044) & (\(\pm\)0.0035) & **0.042** \\ \hline \multicolumn{6}{l}{**Sampling Time 2 (8 Weeks)**} \\ \hline
**Treatments** & & & & & & & \\ \hline
**Depth (cm)** & **CNTRL** & **C** & **F** & **CF** & **FA** & **CFA** & **\(p\)-Value** \\ \hline
0-10 & 0.031 \({}^{\text{b}}\) & 0.025 \({}^{\text{b}}\) & 0.023 \({}^{\text{b}}\) & 0.014 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 0.029 \({}^{\text{b}}\) & 0.030 \({}^{\text{b}}\) & **<0.001** \\  & (\(\pm\)0.0037) & (\(\pm\)0.0036) & (\(\pm\)0.0024) & (\(\pm\)0.0021) & (\(\pm\)0.0043) & (\(\pm\)0.0014) & **<0.001** \\ \hline
10-20 & 0.027 \({}^{\text{c}}\) & 0.024 \({}^{\text{bc}}\) & 0.020 \({}^{\text{b}}\) & 0.012 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 0.028 \({}^{\text{c}}\) & 0.029 \({}^{\text{c}}\) & **<0.001** \\  & (\(\pm\)0.0049) & (\(\pm\)0.0040) & (\(\pm\)0.0013) & (\(\pm\)0.0018) & (\(\pm\)0.0032) & (\(\pm\)0.0019) & **<0.001** \\ \hline
20-30 & 0.029 \({}^{\text{ab}}\) & 0.033 \({}^{\text{b}}\) & 0.023 \({}^{\text{ab}}\) & 0.020 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 0.028 \({}^{\text{ab}}\) & 0.025 \({}^{\text{ab}}\) & **<0.0017** \\  & (\(\pm\)0.0056) & (\(\pm\)0.0042) & (\(\pm\)0.0061) & (\(\pm\)0.0026) & (\(\pm\)0.0045) & (\(\pm\)0.0017) & **0.009** \\ \hline
30-40 & 0.030 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 0.025 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 0.033 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 0.027 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 0.029 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 0.024 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 0.024 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & **<0.0055** \\  & (\(\pm\)0.0055) & (\(\pm\)0.0054) & (\(\pm\)0.0067) & (\(\pm\)0.0033) & (\(\pm\)0.0059) & (\(\pm\)0.0012) & 0.132 \\ \hline
40–50 & 0.027 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 0.029 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 0.031 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 0.028 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 0.030 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 0.022 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 0.022 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & **<0.0084** \\  & (\(\pm\)0.0084) & (\(For the final sampling time at 16 weeks, significant differences between treatments were found in all soil layers. The CFA treatment, as well as treatment FA, again had more N in the upper soil layers compared to the other treatments without the uptake enhancer and showed a declining trend for N with soil depth. All other treatments showed an increase in N content with soil depth. The F treatment stood out, showing a sharp increase in N beyond the 10-20 cm soil layer, indicating N leaching.