# Recent Advances in Spectroscopy Technology for Trace Analysis of Persistent Organic Pollutants
## 2 Applications of Spectroscopy Technology in Detection of POPs  
Spectroscopy technology has become more and more attractive for trace detection of POPs in environmental analysis. Though there are reviews detailing the progress of their applications in academic and industrial communities [24; 25; 26; 27], a great number of new achievements have been reported in the past few years. These achievements are described as including SERS, SPR sensors, and fluorescence. Some of these achievements and the detection limits are present in Table 1. Figure 1 displays the major applications of spectroscopy technologies in the trace detection of POPs in this work. Figure 1: Schematic of the applications of spectroscopy technologies in trace detection of persistent organic pollutants (POPs). \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline
**Analyytes**Spectroscopy Technologies** & **SERS** & **SPR** & **Fluorescence** & \\ \hline
**Substate** & **LOD** & **Substrate** & **LOD** & **Substrate/Method** & **LOD** \\ \hline Pyrene & Au nanoplates & \(5\times 10^{-10}\) M [28] & / & / & 5 ngL\({}^{-1}\)[29] \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Fluoranthene} & \begin{tabular}{c} Audio alumumumoud \\ based a dendritic \\ substrates \\ \end{tabular} & \(10^{-8}\) M [30] & / & / & Fluorescence spectrophotometer based on a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) & 5 ngL\({}^{-1}\)[29] \\ \hline Fluorene & & & & 6 ngL\({}^{-1}\)[29] \\ \hline Acmaphplane & & \(10^{-7}\) M [31] & / & / & / \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Acenaphhene} & & & & Online in-tube solid-phase microextraction coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography and fluorescence detection in hair & 5.4 ng mL\({}^{-1}\)[32] \\ \cline{2-6}  & & & & Fluorescence spectrophotometer based on a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) & 7 ngL\({}^{-1}\)[29] \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{ PAHs} & \multirow{3}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} benzo(]fluoranthene \\ Fe\({}_{0}\)O\({}_{6}\)Au particles \\ \end{tabular} } & & & Online in-tube solid-phase microextraction coupled with high performance liquid chromatography and fluorescence detection in hair & 23 pg mL\({}^{-1}\)[32] \\ \cline{2-6}  & & 5 x 10\({}^{-9}\) M [31] & / & / & UV absorption spectrometry & 0.04 ugL\({}^{-1}\)[33] \\ \cline{2-6}  & & & & Online in-tube solid-phase microextraction coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography and fluorescence detection in hair & 5.0 pg mL\({}^{-1}\)[29] \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Indeno(]Chrysene} & & & & Fluorescence spectrophotometer based on a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) & 20.4 pg mL\({}^{-1}\)[32] \\ \cline{2-6}  & & & & & Fluorescence spectrophotometer based on a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) & 5 ngL\({}^{-1}\)[29] \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} Dibenzo(]\&]Janthracene \\ \end{tabular} } & \(10^{-8}\) M [31] & / & / & Online in-tube solid-phase microextraction coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography and fluorescence detection in hair & 3.3 pg mL\({}^{-1}\)[29] \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Anthracene} & \multirow{3}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} Gold \\ nanoparticles-embedded \\ alginate gel \\ \end{tabular} } & \(10^{-8}\) M [31] & / & / & \begin{tabular}{c} Online in-tube solid-phase microextraction coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography and fluorescence detection in hair \\ \end{tabular} & 0.5 pg mL\({}^{-1}\)[32] \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Benzo()pyrene} & \
\begin{tabular}{c} Gold \\ nanoparticles-embedded \\ alginate gel \\ \end{tabular} & \(3.65\times 10^{-10}\) M [34] &
\begin{tabular}{c} The nanoporous \\ gold film \\ \end{tabular} & 5 pM [35] & 5 pM [35] & 5 pM [35] \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{2-6}  & & & & Fluorescence spectrophotometer based on a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) & 3 ngL\({}^{-1}\)[29] \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Samples for spectroscopy technologies application in trace detection of POPs.