# Investigation of an LED Strip Controller Based on a PWM Driver and a PIC Series Microcontroller
## 1 Introduction  
Over the past decades, LED lighting technologies have not only rapidly developed and improved, but at the same time, their use in various fields has increased significantly. The main reasons for the investment in LED technologies and the increase in their consumption are that using LEDs can save huge amounts of electricity (compared to old incandescent bulbs, use of LEDs can save 10 times more electricity) [1; 2; 3]. Another important reason for the popularity of LEDs is that the entire spectrum of visible light can be easily obtained. This is especially relevant in various industrial processes and productions (such as plant cultivation, advertising technologies, LED screens, etc.). It is believed that by 2035, LEDs will make up 98% of lighting technologies [4; 5; 6]. With the increasingly widespread use of LEDs, the method of controlling their light becomes especially important, which determines both the color and intensity of the light, as well as other LED operating parameters. It is well known that LED lighting parameters directly depend on the supplied current. However, the relationship between the LED power supply voltage and current is not linear. In addition, the supply current and voltage values determine the LED temperature and efficiency [7; 8; 9; 10]. Therefore, it is very important to improve not only the LED light itself, but also its control, which influences the efficiency, color, temperature, frequency, etc. of these types of lights. The LED reaction time to changes in the control signal is very fast and reaches the order of nanoseconds. Therefore, such a short LED response time is very convenient for creating various control-technology-based changes in electrical signal characteristics. One of these lighting control methods is pulse-width modulation (PWM)-based lighting controllers. PWM is a powerful electronic signal modulation techniquethat allows you to effectively change the power or voltage of a signal over time. This is achieved by periodically generating pulses with variable propagation times. The main idea is to control the \"on\" and \"off\" lengths so that the average signal power corresponds to the desired value [1; 2; 11]. Using PWM, it is possible to effectively control LED lighting parameters such as light color, intensity, flicker rate, etc. When the PWM method is used to control LED lighting parameters, it is observed that the mathematical dependence between the lighting parameters (intensity, etc.) and the LED characteristics is often a linear expression. When using PWM controllers for LED control, it is very important to apply various programming strategies that would allow lighting control at the highest LED energy consumption efficiency [2; 3; 12; 13; 14; 15]. DMX (Digital Multiplex) is a standardized protocol for digitally controlling various lights and similar stage devices, including LED lights. This protocol is widely used in events, theater, concerts, and other performance environments. DMX allows you to precisely set the connection intensity, color, and other properties of each LED light. This gives you a lot of creative control when designing lighting or creating different lighting effects. The DMX transmission rate is limited, so there may be limitations if you need to control fast and high-resolution light effects (based on LED technology). RDM (remote device management) is a technology that allows remote control and configuration of various devices, including LED lights, using the DMX (Digital Multiplex) communication protocol [3; 4; 16; 17; 18; 19; 20]. This technology enriches traditional DMX control by providing more functions and possibilities. Using RDM may require additional management devices that support this technology. This can increase costs and the complexity of systems. Support for remote control may raise security issues, especially if security mechanisms against unwanted access or hacking are not properly implemented.