# The Potential of Blockchain Technology and Smart Contracts in the Energy Sector: A Review
## 3 Research Methodology and Literature Classification
### Literature Classification

Table 1: _Cont._During the review process we identified comparable technical challenges, research focuses, and contributions. A compiled version of these similarities is depicted in Tables 2 and 3, along with an outline of the technical environment applied. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Paper Title** & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Main Focus and Contributions**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Technical Environment**} \\ \hline Reconfigurable Smart Contracts for & - & Introduction of Smart Contract Design Pattern & \\ Renewable Energy Exchange with Re-Use & - & New UML profile for smart contracts & - & Platform independent \\ of Verification Rules [26] & - & Rigid nature of smart contract verification rules & - & Java \\  & - & Energy exchange difficulties & & \\ \hline  & - & Implementation of an interactive web-based user & & \\  & - & Secure financial and energy deviation settlement & - & Ethereum (EVM) \\ Blockchain and smart contract based & - & mechanisms & - & Solidity \\ decentralized energy trading platform [28] & - & Distributed control and management in the & - & React JavaScript \\  & - & Energy trading sector & & \\  & - & Uncertainties in energy trades & & \\ \hline Energy Trading Web Platform Based on & - & Creation of a web-based electricity trading & & \\ the Ethereum Smart Contracts and & - & Administrative intervention and potential record & - & Ethereum (EVM) \\ Blockchain [39] & - & Manipulation in energy exchanges & & \\ \hline  & - & Proposal for using blockchain in energy & & \\ Challenges and opportunities of & & exchanges and flexibility management in & - & Distributed Ledger Technologies \\ Blockchain technology in the & & microgrids & (DLT) & \\ energy sector [43] & - & Traceability and transparency in energy & - & Distribution System Operator (DSO) \\  & - & Development of new business models & & \\ \hline  & - & Comprehensive review of blockchain & & \\ A survey of blockchain applications in the & & deployments in energy management, P2P & & \\ energy sector [33] & & trading, EV applications & - & No information provided \\  & - & Security and/or privacy concerns & & \\ \hline  & - & Exploration of blockchain architecture and & & \\ Application possibilities of blockchain & & applications in electricity trading and EV & & \\ technology in the energy sector [54] & & charging & - & No information provided \\  & - & Hardware efficiency and platform uniformity in & & \\  & - & Blockchain implementation & & \\ Study of blockchain based smart grid for & - & Emphasis on blockchain in enhancing smart grid & & \\ energy optimization [40] & - & Security, efficiency, and decentralized control & & \\  & - & Distributed control and management in the & - & No information provided \\  & - & Energy trading sector & & \\  & - & Security and/or privacy concerns & & \\ \hline  & - & Software architecture and algorithm analysis for & & \\ Smart Contract Development for & - & Smart contracts in P2P energy exchanges & - & Ethereum (EVM) \\ Peer-to-Peer Energy Trading [57] & - & Distributed control and management in the & - & Solidity \\  & - & energy trading sector & - & OpenZeppelin Library \\  & - & Integration issues of renewable energy sources & & \\ \hline Decentralized energy to power rural & - & Development of a DApp for solar energy trading & - & IOTA Tangle Blockchain \\ homes through smart contracts and carbon & - & Energy distribution challenges in rural settings & - & Python \\ credit [31] & - & Incentivization through carbon credits & - & Raspberry pi \\ \hline Securing smart grid communication using & - & Proposal for a communication infrastructure & - & Ethereum \\ Ethereum smart contracts [44] & - & Security and/or privacy concerns & - & Solidity \\ \hline  & - & Blockchain application for P2P transactions in & & \\ Energy trading in microgrids & & microgrids & - & Ethereum \\ blockchain technology [41] & - & Distributed control and management in the & - & Solidity \\  & energy trading sector & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}