# Industrial Metaverse: A Comprehensive Review, Environmental Impact, and Challenges
## 4 Use Cases and Deployment
### Deployment
General Motors (GM): GM has used Siemens' Process Simulate to quickly design an ergonomically sound production line. To account for modifications to the designs of current vehicles and the manufacturing of new ones, General Motors must periodically upgrade its production line. Engineers use a virtual reality headset to work remotely and fully immerse themselves in the designs in order to maximize efficiency. It facilitates comprehension of operator movements, hand clearances, manual assembly, and line of sight. With this knowledge, engineers may spot issues early and address them before the final product is created. With Process Simulate, the GM team is making the most of motion capture technology by having a line design engineer don a suit and carry out tasks that an operator would typically undertake. The engineer can better comprehend uncomfortable postures and how long an operator should stay in them by using the motions that were collected. Engineers can minimize health issues related to work and optimize the manufacturing line ergonomically. To this end, GM's advances in other areas with IM are as follows: 1. Biomechanics--the study of how the bones, muscles, tendons, and ligaments interact and affect an operator's fatigue--will be applied to all the motions recorded. Subsequent software will replicate the biomechanics of an individual operator carrying out prolonged duties. Health problems can be precisely detected through simulation, and the operator can be fit with personalized protective equipment or bespoke exosuits. 2. A digital twin can be created from each operator's 3D model, allowing for the simulation of authentic factories. Given GM's massive production staff and the amount of robots in the line, it is critical to determine whether the robots are not impeding operator movements. Before starting the production line, General Motors can ensure that the robots and workers are operating in perfect harmony. 3. In real time, simulate and monitor the operator tasks: Precautionary steps can be performed before any work-related illness or accident arises by tracking biomechanics in real time. Businesses may protect the well-being and security of their most valuable asset--humans--with the aid of the IM. According to [71], GM's energy intensity climbed progressively beginning in 2020 and peaked between 2021 and 2022 during the COVID era. The quantity of energy required in a GM factory to build a vehicle is known as the energy intensity. There  
Figure 5: Liters per beverage. was an estimated 1.32% decrease in energy intensity between 2021 and 2022, which means that less energy was needed to build the same car as before. GM wants to reach an energy efficiency of 1.5 MWH per vehicle by 2040, according to [72]. This indicates that, by 2040, GM wants to be carbon-neutral. Switching from internal combustion engines to electric vehicles is an obvious step for GM to take in order to achieve carbon neutrality [73]. Over 75% of GM's carbon emissions, according to the company, are from conventional gas-powered vehicles. The emission levels of various vehicle kinds are shown in Figure 6; it can be observed that pickups emit more carbon dioxide than other vehicle types. Their production facilities account for the remaining 25%, which the company intends to remove through the use of solar and wind power. GM stated that, between 2030 and 2035, it will power all of its locations in the United States exclusively with renewable energy. Nonetheless, as Figure 7 illustrates, there has been a consistent decrease in industrial energy usage for the French automaker Renault [74] between the years 2021 and 2023. Another metric used in assessing data centers is water consumption. Figure 6: CO\({}_{2}\) emission levels [75]. Figure 7: Renault energy intensity [74]. * Automotive Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs): Virtual reality and other digital technologies have long been used by businesses to optimize manufacturing and enhance designs.