## 3 Analysis and Results
### Analysis of Cell-Based Spatial Separation
#### 3.2.1 Macro-Meso Scale Analysis
In other words, sections with large speed variances within a cell are likely to be influenced by merging and diverging areas, affecting only some lanes while normal driving may still be possible. In contrast, cells with smaller speed variances are likely influenced by merging and diverging sections or other traffic factors, which make normal driving conditions less likely. For instance, cell code CH212203031111 in Figure 15 showed congestion situations ranging from 20 to 33 kph, slow traffic from 55 to 69 kph, and normal traffic at 79 kph. The arrows marked on the image indicate the direction of vehicle traffic and apply to Figures 16-18, as shown below. This section was affected by a junction entering from Giheung IC on the left, impacting the vehicles already in motion. In contrast, cell code CH212021323203 showed both congestion between 5 and 28 kph and normal traffic between 88 and 90 kph, as the section was divided into two cells. The right cell, CH212021323212, was homogeneous, while the left cell was subdivided as heterogeneous. This cell was located near Seoul TG and was interpreted as being influenced by vehicles passing through the tollgate. Figure 16 shows the downward section past the Shingal Junction, where Highway 1 and Highway 50 intersect, highlighting the area influenced by vehicles entering Highway 1 from Highway 50. In other words, vehicles traveling at normal speeds on Highway 1 begin to be affected by vehicles merging from Highway 50. Cell codes CH212023301030 and CH212023301210 are identified as heterogeneous cells, with large speed variances within these sections. The cells CH212023323212, CH2120233230, CH212201101032, and CH212201101210 show small speed variances, with cell average speeds of 33.77 kph, 40.93 kph, 67.41 kph, and 72.72 kph, respectively. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Highway No. ** & **Number of Cells** & **Link Length (km)** & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Unstable Cells**} \\  & & **Count** & **Length (km)** & **Ratio (\%)** \\ \hline
1 & 127 & 63.47 & 38 & 3.29 & 5.19 \\
50 & 116 & 102.13 & 32 & 2.77 & 2.72 \\
40 & 60 & 48.81 & 10 & 0.87 & 1.78 \\
52 & 2 & 42.25 & - & - & - \\
37 & 3 & 30.48 & - & - & - \\
15 & 32 & 63.14 & 9 & 0.78 & 1.2 The point where the influence of vehicles entering from Highway 50 disappears can be identified as starting from cell CH212201101210. From these results, large differences between the time average speed and cell average speed within the final cell indicate a heterogeneous cell, but further spatial division is not performed. Significant speed variances, often due to the impact of entry or exit lanes, accidents, or incidents, can cause speed reductions in certain lanes and lead to the spread of such effects. For cells classified as homogeneous, the cell average speed can be assigned as a representative value to provide relevant information. Additionally, analyzing the influence of adjacent cell characteristics can help identify causes. High-resolution analysis of the influence zones of entry/exit lanes or incidents can also be utilized for better traffic management. In the case of the heterogeneous cell on Highway 50, the cell code CH212022113223 corresponds to the section connected to Highway 153, as shown in Figure 17. Here, the speed of the right lane decreases, and subsequently, the overall speed of the entire section drops, indicating the beginning of the influence zone of the exit lane. In the case of the heterogeneous cell on Highway 15, as shown in Figure 18  
Figure 16: Interpretation of heterogeneous cells on Highway 1, 2 nd case. Figure 17: Interpretation of heterogeneous cells on Highway 153.