# Distributed Edge Computing to Assist Ultra-Low-Latency VANET Applications
## 1 Introduction  
Based on the preplanned road map announced by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) and the Third Generation Partnership Project (3 GPP), by 2020 it is expected that we will begin a new era of mobile communication systems with great and efficient capabilities with the announcement of the fifth generation of mobile communication systems (5G) [1]. By the end of this year, standards for building the 5G cellular system with the announced requirements will be ready, and the final step in the 5G road, which is the systems implementation, will begin [2]. With this great achievement, we will have a new era of telecommunication systems represented by the 5G system and its use cases. Each use case represents a challenge and requires certain design aspects to be realized [3]. Most of these use cases will be available and can be implemented with the realization of the 5G system, except for intelligent transportation systems like vehicle ad hoc networks (VANETs). The 3 GPP identifies five main categories of 5G use cases, with potential services for each category [4]. These categories can be reduced and distributed over three major verticals of 5G services. These verticals are also defined by ITU Radiocommunication Sector (ITU-R) as the three usage scenarios for 5G and beyond, which include and support a wide range of use cases, applications, and scenarios of 5G. The three main family groups of use cases include [5; 6; 7] the following:  
1- Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB);
2- Massive Machine-Type Communications (mMTC); and
3- Ultra-Reliable and Low-Latency Communications (uRLLC) including Enhanced Vehicle-to-Everything applications (eV2x). Vehicle-to-Everything applications are one of the main 5G use cases. For eV2X services, the expected requirements are [8]:  
* Reliability = 1-10-5, packet size of 300 bytes, and user plane latency of 3-10 ms (for direct communication--communication range of few meters); and
* Reliability = 1-10-5, packet size of 300 bytes, and user plane latency of 3-10 ms (packet is relayed by the base station). Nowadays, the telecommunications industry is showing significant progress in its development. In recent years, a large number of modern technologies that can cope with a wide range of tasks have been developed, tested, and implemented. Achievements in modern science toward the development of hardware, software, and interaction technologies allow us to design and implement a wide range of different telecommunication networks. A clear example of technologies that have been rapidly developing in recent years are Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSs) [9]. ITSs are being introduced everywhere as they have huge potential for improving the safety and efficiency of road traffic, as well as the comfort of the population. ITSs support multiple communication interfaces between network infrastructure devices: Interaction between vehicles--Vehicle-2-Vehicle; interaction between vehicles and network infrastructure--Vehicle-2-Infrastructure; interaction between vehicles and cloud systems--Vehicle-2-Cloud; and interaction between vehicles and pedestrians (including cyclists)--Vehicle-2-Pedestrian [10]. Such a set of interactions allows a complex and prompt response to changes in the network state and the location of all its participants, which ultimately increases the relevance of ITSs for modern cities [11]. The development of modern transport systems is not only based on improving road safety, and the scaling of network and transport infrastructure, but also on creating a competent management complex. To the forefront come such aspects of ITSs function as the security of transmitted information, the current growth rate of the number of network users, the continuous growth of network traffic, and many other factors [12].