## Underlying Theories
### 5G-mmWave Private Network Engineering Economic Model  
From the perspective of the engineering model, the primary focus of deployment in the 5G-mmWave private network's rollout is network densification, especially as mmWave bands with worse propagation properties become more prevalent [22]. The spectrum mmWave has the potential to offer multi-Gbps data rates at a lower marginal cost than earlier technologies due to the potential allocation of bandwidth with significantly more width at these frequencies. mmWave bands will be used for smaller coverage, such as private networks in industrial areas, resulting in different deployment economics than previous generations [23].  
Furthermore, various studies conducted using mmWave and real-world deployments of the mmWave spectrum (26, 28, and 73 GHz) show that cell coverage using these frequencies will have a limited radius of 100-200 m [24; 25]. To calculate the link budget assumption data, the engineering model uses the 3 GPP 36,901 propagation model. This concept was first applied to frequency ranges of 2-6 GHz before being expanded to 0.5-100 GHz for urban macrocells (UMa), urban microcells (UMi), indoor hotspots (InH), and rural macrocells (RMa) [26].  
There may be coverage problems in Pulogadung and KBN industrial areas covered by mmWave gNB during the initial deployment phase of the 5G-mmWave private network.  
Figure 2: 5G private network.  
Due to the weakness of reflected and diffracted signals, the propagation will rely heavily on LoS coverage. Indoor users expect to be served by mmWave gNB in the 5G-mmWave private network, which will provide exceptionally high capacity and the necessary resources for higher data rates. Increased penetration loss at high frequencies is one of the challenges in this context [27].  
Because of penetration loss and atmospheric loss, a highly directional antenna is recommended for a 5G-mmWave private network to compensate for additional losses due to path loss in the industrial area [27].  
Beamforming will ensure reliable links for deploying 5G-mmWave private networks when combined with high gain or large array antennas at the transmitter and receiver ends [28].  
The ability of 5G-mmWave private networks to handle a large number of IoT devices in the industrial area is a crucial design goal. The development of cellular networks with extreme densification and additional spectrums are two possible solutions to meet these demands [29].  
From an economic perspective, the cost of mmWave band spectrum densification in 5G-mmWave private network infrastructure is heavily influenced by the required CAPEX and OPEX [22; 30; 31]. Because network infrastructure has very high fixed delivery capital expenditure (CAPEX) and operational expenditure (OPEX), it is heavily influenced by scale economies and population density [32]. CAPEX is an investment or outlay made to buy or improve physical assets, such as land, buildings, and equipment, or to expand activities. In this study, the total cost of base station building, base station installation and spectrum usage fees are calculated in terms of radio access network (RAN) CAPEX [33]. In telecommunications performance, OPEX includes spending for operation and maintenance charges, as well as other telecommunications costs.