## 2 Literature Review
### Humanitarian Operations and Disrupted Road Networks  
This subsection focuses on literature related to response operation in a disrupted road network. Disruptions on a road network caused by a disaster deteriorate the accessibility of affected areas [20]. Some studies relate the concept of disrupted networks to situationswhere there are shortages and accessibility issues of essential commodities such as water and food [21]. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [22] recognize that the deployment of relief operations depends on an assessment process immediately after the disaster. The authors focus on determining the optimal location of distribution centers to minimize the social cost. The authors propose a model that considers the deprivation cost to quantify the negative impact of not reaching and providing rapid relief to victim locations. [PERSON] and [PERSON], as well as [PERSON] et al. [21; 23] aim to locate additional warehouses in the affected zone to deal with disruptions associated with shortages of relief supplies. They focus on determining the location and capacity of warehouses to deal with the scarcity of relief supplies. [PERSON] et al. and [PERSON] and [PERSON] et al. [24; 25] develop a stochastic programming model with several probable scenarios for determining the expected disrupted road network after an earthquake. Similarly, [PERSON] et al. [26] deal with a disrupted network in which demand, travel time, travel distance, loading-unloading time, and costs are unknown. The authors propose a solution method to solve the problem of locating a limited number of relief centers and the problem of the distribution of perishable products based on expected values. [PERSON] et al. [27] propose a stochastic programming model to deal with the uncertainty in the supply chain. The authors consider that other repetitions of the primary disaster may occur and worsen the humanitarian aid distribution network. The authors solve a facility location problem and a product distribution problem considering the presence of multiple disaster events. In addition, the authors consider the cost of shortages or excess inventories. Other studies focus on solving the problem of road accessibility to victims for the provision of services such as medical assistance and evacuation. The authors affirm that disrupted road networks induce inequality problems due to the limited accessibility of victims. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [28] study the vehicle fleet required to reach the affected areas and maximizing the coverage of humanitarian assistance to all victim locations using the road network. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [29] develop a model to plan the recuperation process of roads in an affected area. The authors focus on the repair of roads that improve the accessibility to victim locations. [PERSON] et al. [30] develop a study in which a network disrupted by either traffic or disaster is simulated. The objective of this study is to determine which roads are the least likely to be disrupted in order to include them in the pathways for the provision of medical services. In this way, the authors intend to mitigate the negative impact of network disputes. [PERSON] et al. [31] develop a two-stage model considering different types of decision-makers. The authors address the problem of the distribution of humanitarian aid aimed at minimizing the inequality of resources that reach the victims. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [32] propose a robust optimization model to minimize the operational cost and to define the functional road network after a disaster. The authors also consider disruptions related to the shortage of relief supplies at the DMC. [PERSON] et al. [33] develop a MIP model and genetic algorithm to determine the number of vehicles needed and travel routes to use to evacuate a disaster-affected area. The goal is to determine the most reliable set of routes given a risk of encountering a fire-disrupted street. The authors calculate all paths between pairs of nodes and given the risk to determine which route is the most reliable.