# Energy Communities Design Optimization in the Italian Framework
## 5 Conclusions  
The article introduces a novel methodology to address the design and management of energy community initiatives. In particular, the work is focused on the Italian regulatory framework. Moving from a first step, where design and operation of energy assets are optimized to obtain the best cash flow for the condominium, revenues deriving from energy sharing in EC cases are distributed among the community's members exploiting a solution based on the Shapley value. This approach assigns to each final user exactly the marginal added value of consuming electricity when local production is in excess. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Stakeholder**} & \multicolumn{5}{c}{**Load Shifting (All the Users)**} \\ \cline{2-6}  & **0\%** & **25\%** & **50\%** & **75\%** & **100\%** \\ \hline
**Old couple 1** & EUR 60 & EUR 71 & EUR 87 & EUR 82 & EUR 81 \\
**Old couple 2** & EUR 59 & EUR 71 & EUR 88 & EUR 82 & EUR 81 \\
**Young couple 1** & EUR 31 & EUR 49 & EUR 71 & EUR 72 & EUR 72 \\
**Young couple 2** & EUR 38 & EUR 55 & EUR 77 & EUR 77 & EUR 77 \\
**Family 1** & EUR 60 & EUR 79 & EUR 104 & EUR 103 & EUR 101 \\
**Family 2** & EUR 74 & EUR 88 & EUR 109 & EUR 105 & EUR 101 \\
**Office 1** & EUR 106 & EUR 107 & EUR 113 & EUR 99 & EUR 94 \\
**Office 2** & EUR 81 & EUR 84 & EUR 90 & EUR 78 & EUR 75 \\
**Office 3** & EUR 130 & EUR 131 & EUR 137 & EUR 121 & EUR 113 \\ \hline
**Condominium** & EUR 1987 & EUR 2130 & EUR 2312 & EUR 2410 & EUR 2431 \\ \hline
**Overall** & EUR 2627 & EUR 2867 & EUR 3187 & EUR 3230 & EUR 3226 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 10: Yearly revenue of each stakeholder of the configuration for Scenario B-EC, considering different levels of load shifting from all the users. Figure 3: Impact of the load shifting on the overall yearly revenue and on the yearly revenue of the condominium (Scenario A-EC). Continuous lines represent the case of load shifting provided only by Family 1, dashed lines represent the case of load shifting provided by all the users. The main evidence relates two different issues. First, electrification results in being a convenient option since it grants a cost saving linked to the heat pump replacing a natural gas-fired boiler, together with a greater opportunity to exploit the local electricity generation from the PV. Second, the use of Shapley value-based income distribution is effective in pushing final users to shift their electricity consumption in periods of high PV generation. This has a twofold positive consequence. On one hand, it reduces the impact of local overgeneration on distribution networks, thus increasing power system security and quality of service. On the other hand, it generates efficient behaviors from community members, that try to obtain higher revenues while increasing, at the same time, also the overall community incomes. The reported results are valid for the considered case study, as in general the optimization applications are inherently case specific. However, the methodology is fully scalable and ready to be applied to larger and diversified case studies, to draw more general considerations, which is possibly sensible on a system level. Nevertheless, this will require the collection of data that are not readily available, for which a dedicated effort must be taken into account. Investigation, M.Z., M.M. ([PERSON]), M.G. and A.C.; Methodology, M.Z., M.M. ([PERSON]), M.G. and F.B. ; Supervision, M.M. ([PERSON]); Writing--original draft, M.M. ([PERSON]), M.G. and M.Z. ; Writing--review & editing, A.C., F.B. and M.M. ([PERSON]). All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. This research was supported by the \"Energynius-Energy networks integration for urban systems\" project (CUP E31F18001040007), co-funded by Regione Emilia-Romagna through the European Regional Development Fund 2014-2020. The authors declare no conflict of interest.