## 2 Proposed Smart Farm Structure: Overall System--Inflatable Aeroponic Enclosed Smart Farm
### Air Structure Shape '1'  
As depicted in Figure S1, the inflatable structural frame using a dual-space fabric structure is a key component of the enclosed smart farm, enabling high energy efficiency and cost-effective installation by reducing energy loss. This structure expands upon air injection and occupies the installation space, encasing the entire area in an air layer with a low thermal conductivity of 0.025 W/mK, a unique design feature. The design's integral configuration without gaps at the joints minimizes energy loss and provides excellent insulation performance. The ability to deflate and compress facilitates transportation and installation through restrictive architectural entries, enhancing adaptability on site. Thus, it represents an ideal solution for constructing indoor enclosed smart farms that are easily installable and removable while minimizing spatial constraints and rapidly adapting to indoor environments. This inflatable structural frame is suitable for various environments, including inside existing buildings and unused shipping containers. Unlike traditional container-based smart farms that require separate insulation work after setting up the external structure, the air-enclosed frame developed in this research comes already surrounded by a high-insulation air layer, eliminating the need for additional insulation efforts. This significantly reduces the cost and complexity of installation, allowing for the immediate commencement of crop cultivation within the smart farm. The application of this structure not only enhances the scalability of smart farm technologies and contributes to increased agricultural productivity but also holds significant value in resource recycling and environmental protection for sustainable farming practices. In traditional enclosed smart farm systems, there is the inconvenience of having to add separate growing beds and support frames for crop cultivation after the structural frame is installed. In contrast, the air structure introduced in this research is designed as an integrated unit with the outer walls '1' and the internal growing beds 'D' as shown in Figure 1, eliminating the need for additional installation work. This integrated design allows for the simultaneous setup of the cultivation space and growing beds through air inflation, significantly reducing installation time. This also greatly enhances the mobility of the farming facilities, enabling the construction of flexible smart farms that are not limited by location. The air structure used in this study is based on a drop-stitch fabric that uses tens of thousands of polyester fibers to maintain a fixed distance between the upper and lower  
Figure 2: Operation of crop cultivation after installation of the closed-system smart farm with air injection. The **left** image shows the interior view of the smart farm, highlighting the organized layout and efficient use of space for optimal plant growth. The **right** image shows the exterior view of the smart farm, demonstrating its compact and enclosed design, suitable for various indoor environments. fabrics. This unique construction is designed to stably maintain the shape specified by the user upon air injection. The dual-space fabric employed is manufactured by Airbox and features both primary and secondary TPU coatings, providing exceptional durability and resistance to abrasion. Moreover, it exhibits superior resistance to various environmental factors, including ultraviolet light, ozone, oil, chemicals, solvents, and heat [40]. Additionally, the dual-space fabric structure is designed for long-term use, with an expected lifespan of around 10 years under typical usage conditions. The air structure designed in this study is a multi-panel air structure system, with each panel incorporating at least one air inlet. These panels are manufactured to fit the standard dimensions of a 20-foot shipping container (length 6 m, width 2.3 m, height 2.4 m), allowing for performance comparisons with existing enclosed systems.