## 6 Conclusions  
This study makes a comparison between a Shibuya-type crossing (with a third exclusive pedestrian phase) and the typical situation of a two-phase signalized intersection, where the vehicle green phase is shared with the pedestrian green phase. To achieve this, a method is developed that includes the modeling of hypothetical scenarios and a graphical interface to simulate the movement of vehicles and pedestrians at the signalized intersection. To validate the method, it is applied to a case study in Valparaiso, Chile. In the case of the Shibuya-type crossing, the introduction of a third exclusive pedestrian phase allows pedestrians to cross in any direction, including diagonally, without interfering with vehicular traffic. This phase improves pedestrian safety by reducing the potential for conflicts with turning vehicles. However, it also introduces longer pedestrian delays, as pedestrians must wait for the dedicated pedestrian phase to cross. In contrast, the two-phase signalized intersection commonly found in many cities, including the studied intersection in Valparaiso, requires pedestrians to cross during the same green phase as vehicles, leading to potential conflicts and increased risk for pedestrians. While this system is generally more efficient for vehicles, it poses challenges for pedestrian safety, particularly when pedestrian volume is high. The method developed in this study allows for the simulation of both scenarios, providing insights into the trade-offs between vehicle flow and pedestrian safety. By applying the method to the specific case study in Valparaiso, the study offers valuable data on the effectiveness of different intersection configurations in terms of both traffic efficiency and pedestrian safety. This comparison highlights the importance of considering pedestrian needs in the design of signalized intersections, particularly in areas with high foot traffic, such as near universities or transportation hubs. The findings from this study can help inform traffic management strategies that balance the needs of both pedestrians and vehicles, improving overall intersection safety and efficiency. The impact of a Shibuya-style crossing will ultimately depend on whether the combined waiting times for both vehicles and pedestrians, along with the crossing times, do not exceed the total time required by the previous signal setup. One key feature of a Shibuya-style crossing is the introduction of a dedicated pedestrian phase, which allows pedestrians to cross in all directions without interference from turning vehicles. While this is a clear advantage in terms of pedestrian safety and ease of movement, it can also result in longer signal cycles since vehicles must wait for the entire pedestrian phase to finish before they can move. If the cycle length becomes too long to accommodate the pedestrian phase, it can create new challenges. For pedestrians, the longer waiting time for the pedestrian signal could outweigh the benefits of uninterrupted crossing, especially if the total wait time increases significantly compared to the previous setup. In such a scenario, pedestrians may find themselves waiting longer to cross, which could potentially negate the improvements in safety and convenience provided by the Shibuya-style crossing. Moreover, while a Shibuya crossing offers significant advantages in intersections with heavy right-turning traffic, where vehicle and pedestrian movements often conflict, its benefits are not necessarily uniform across all user groups. For vehicles, the separation of pedestrian and turning phases allows for smoother traffic flow, especially in busy areas where right-turning vehicles previously had to wait for pedestrians to cross. However, if the signal cycle becomes too long, traffic flow could also suffer, leading to congestion and delays that were not present in the original system. Ultimately, the success of a Shibuya-style crossing in improving the intersection depends on careful balancing.