## 3 Results  
An inventory of different pollutants at three glaciers in Karakoram, Hindukush, and the Himalayas has been recorded for twelve months. The average concentration of ozone recorded in Hindukush, Karakoram, and Himalaya was 26.10 \(\pm\) 3.11, 25.30 \(\pm\) 3.68, and 33.03 \(\pm\) 3.94 \(\mu\)g/m\({}^{3}\), respectively (Table 3). The average CO\({}_{2}\) concentration (243.03 \(\pm\) 31.19 ppm) was recorded at Himalaya followed by Hindukush and Karakoram with 191.99 \(\pm\) 24.64 and 190.72 \(\pm\) 38.38 ppm concentrations, respectively. Sulfur dioxide followed the same trend with average concentrations 2.01 \(\pm\) 0.31, 1.59 \(\pm\) 0.25, and 1.58 \(\pm\) 0.42 ppm for Himalaya, Hindukush, and Karakoram, respectively. Moreover, the average concentration of nitrogen dioxide was recorded at Himalaya (3.30 \(\pm\) 0.35 ppm) followed by Karakoram (2.62 \(\pm\) 0.49 ppm) and Hindukush (2.60 \(\pm\) 0.27 ppm). The particulate matter (PM) concentrations were also recorded at the study sites. PM\({}_{2.5}\) average concentration recorded at the Hindukush, Karakoram, and Himalayas was 14.75 \(\pm\) 2.91, 14.28 \(\pm\) 3.34, and 18.68 \(\pm\) 3.69 \(\mu\)g/m\({}^{3}\), respectively. The average concentration of PM\({}_{10}\) at Himalaya was 32.73 \(\pm\) 2.53, followed by Hindukush (25.86 \(\pm\) 2.00) and Karakoram (25.58 \(\pm\) 4.11). Total suspended particles (TSP) followed the same trend with the highest concentration at the Himalayas (88.93 \(\pm\) 10.20 \(\mu\)g/m\({}^{3}\)). At the Hindukush and Karakoram, the average concentration was 70.25 \(\pm\) 8.05 and 68.96 \(\pm\) 12.32 \(\mu\)g/m\({}^{3}\), respectively (Table 4). \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Gases**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Sites**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Jun-17**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Jul-17**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Aug-Sep-17**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Oct-17**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Nov-17**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Dec-17**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Jan-18**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Feb-18**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Mar-18**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Apr-18**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Apr-18**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**May-18**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Agen**}{**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**SD**} \\  & & & & & & & & & & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{O\({}_{2}\) (\(\mu\)g/m\({}^{3}\))} & Hindukush & 24.22 & 28.84 & 31.14 & 29.99 & 28.84 & 27.68 & 24.80 & 22.49 & 21.91 & 24.22 & 23.07 & 25.95 & 26.10 & 3.11 \\  & Karakoram & 23.74 & 24.51 & 25.09 & 27.89 & 26.82 & 27.68 & 21.48 & 26.99 & 24.11 & 20.99 & 20.99 & 33.74 & 25.30 & 3.68 \\  & Himalaya & 30.66 & 36.50 & 39.42 & 37.96 & 36.50 & 35.04 & 31.39 & 28.47 & 27.74 & 30.66 & 29.20 & 32.85 & 33.03 & 3.94 \\  & Hindukush & 153.40 & 216.84 & 211.07 & 149.37 & 155.13 & 213.96 & 205.31 & 206.46 & 200.11 & 195.50 & 199.54 & 197.23 & 191.99 & 24.64 \\  & Karakoram & 150.33 & 184.31 & 188.65 & 1389.1 & 144.27 & 213.96 & 196.11 & 247.75 & 220.13 & 166.18 & 181.58 & 256.40 & 190.72 & 38.38 \\  & Himalaya & 194.18 & 274.48 & 267.18 & 189.07 & 196.37 & 270.83 & 259.88 & 261.34 & 253.31 & 247.47 & 255.28 & 249.66 & 243.03 & 31.19 \\  & Hindukush & 1.53 & 1.28 & 1.41 & 1.27 & 1.26 & 1.72 & 1.85 & 1.99 & 1.86 & 1.70 & 1.64 & 1.56 & 1.59 & 0.25 \\  & Karakoram & 1.50 & 1.09 & 1.11 & 1.19 & 1.17 & 1.72 & 1.83 & 2.39 & 2.05 & 1.45 & 1.50 & 2.03 & 1.58 & 0.42 \\  & Himalaya & 1.93 & 1.62 & 1.79 & 1.61 & 1.59 & 2.18 & 2.34 & 2.52 & 2.36 & 2.15 & 2.08 & 1.98 & 2.01 & 0.31 \\  & Hindukush & 2.68 & 2.79 & 2.43 & 2.05 & 2.18 & 2.80 & 2.83 & 2.86 & 2.84 & 2.80 & 2.46 & 2.53 & 2.60 & 2.07 \\  & Karakoram & 2.63 & 2.37 & 2.42 & 1.91 & 2.03 & 2.80 & 2.79 & 3.43 & 3.13 & 2.38 & 2.24 & 3.29 & 2.62 & 0.49 \\  & Himalaya & 3.39 & 3.53 & 3.07 & 2.60 & 2.76 & 3.55 & 3.58 & 3.62 & 3.60 & 3.54 & 3.12 & 3.20 & 3.30 & 0.35 \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Concentration of greenhouse gases at study site. Apart from air, black carbon concentrations were also recorded in river water, glacier and snow/rain.