# Impacts of E-Micromobility on the Sustainability of Urban Transportation--A Systematic Review
## 3 Results
### Safety Issues and Regulations
The speed limit in Chicago is 15 mph, which is approximately 24 km/h, and in Oregon the limit is also 15 mph, except there is an inconsistency in Oregon, namely, that micromobility vehicles are also prohibited from traveling at a slower speed than the speed of traffic, i.e., traffic flows at 25 mph, so e-scooters should not travel more slowly than 25 miles per hour (approx. 40 km/h) [13; 45]. In this case, how quickly should e-scooter users ride? Another significant regulation from the studies collected here--and perhaps the most agreed-upon one--is the prohibition of riding these vehicles on the pavement. Considering the pedestrians' rights of way and the higher risk of accidents on the pavement, this decision can be seen to be a highly appropriate decision. In Japan, e-scooters are prohibited to be used on the pavement and riders should have license plates [46]. In Dubai, the age limitation is 14, riders must wear a helmet and park at designated areas, and riders are prohibited from carrying objects or a second passenger [47]. Another implementation that differs among countries is the pricing policy. In this context, the EU exhibits the cheapest price, almost half of that of the US, and China applies a 20 percent higher price than the US price [48]. Pricing could seem like a company strategy. However, it is indirectly a city policy that affects people's travel behavior. Furthermore, regarding alternative payment options, Atlanta and Los Angeles require non-credit card payment options, and for non-smartphone users, it is mandatory to have alternative activation methods in Austin, Los Angeles, and Portland [49]. After rising numbers of e-scooters in the streets of Paris between 2018 and 2019, the city authorities restricted the shared e-scooter fleet in the city due the fact that too many companies were entering the market, with numerous vehicles without any regulation [50]. In Paris, the service providers are limited to just three companies, and a limit of 15,000 total vehicles, and this is also the case in San Francisco, Atlanta, and Washington DC. In addition, e-scooters are restricted to bike lanes, with designated parking spots [50; 51]. Moreover, regarding the positive impacts of online navigation apps on the sustainable mobility behaviors of citizens through optimizing travel time and route planning [52], there is a potential to use these online platforms to inform citizens about the accessibility of shared e-scooters and their regulations and restrictions in different urban zones. The other important thing to consider is e-scooter companies' disruptive distribution strategies, which affect the right of equal access to services and limits e-micromobility usage. Equal distribution of services is one of the basic principles that city administrators should consider [43]. For example, in the USA, in Portland, 15 percent of the e-scooter fleet must be available in East Portland, but in Charlotte, Austin, and Los Angeles, there is no such practice yet [49]. This practice is mostly made so that low-income regions can obtain equal access to the service. Incentives have been provided to some companies that implemented the principle of equal distribution in Los Angeles [49]. It is also crucial to consider that the popularity of e-micromobility has increased during the COVID-19 pandemic, and cities have embarked on quick implementations, with effects on the infrastructure of these cities. Some of these implementations are as follows--in Milan 35 km, in Paris 50 km, in Brussels 40 km, and in Seattle 30 km of car lanes have been converted to bicycle lanes [19]. According to McKinsey and Company (2019), the micromobility industry will be a USD 300 billion to USD 500 billion market by 2030 [11]. Still, the effects of the pandemic on the industry and the micromobility market cannot be known for certain. Hence, to examine this accelerating market and to prepare cities for its adoption, as well as to create more sustainable, equitable, and more livable cities, regulations will have to apply in this field.