## 5 Discussion  
The space syntax method describes spatial patterns through a clear view of the spatial structure and illustrates in detail how they relate to social processes. Therefore, this method can identify the physical and relational properties of space. However, it analyzes an organically growing city not as a transforming entity, but with static, deterministic, and linear perspectives that are unable to address the impact of locations with temporalized and dynamic activities [41]. Thus, in this study, the space syntax method was utilized only for a patchwork to analyze social phenomena in the city. Instead, we carried out the analysis using an extended model that considered the lengths of path segments and the turning angles between the segments in the street network of the study area. The vitalization of Korean traditional markets has usually been achieved by modernizing and applying innovations to structures and operating methods based on the government's political support; instead, this study identified vitalization factors based on the assumption that the specific structure and configuration of the urban space contribute to its vitalization. During Korea's urban development and renewal processes, it was possible for traditional markets to survive and revitalize because of policies that focused on preserving and supporting them. As retail market environments and purchase patterns changed due to the emergence of large western-style discount hypermarkets and the increasing popularity of home shopping in the 1990s, the government legislated a special act in 2005 to support the modernization of facilities and business operations by renovating traditional markets. It has since continued to reinvigorate and improve the markets physically and operationally. Large traditional markets, such as Yukgeori Market, which had grown continuously, were developed into tourism resources representing the local area, laying the stepping stones to advance as a high-quality market to promote Korean traditions across the globe. During the process of modernization through urban development, Dongdaemun Market, the representative traditional market of Korea, maintained its traditional operating systems but lost its traditional spatial configuration, namely its physical environment [42]. On the other hand, Yukgeori Market retained its traditional operational and physical features. For example, regarding operations, a five-day market occurs, held every five days, which is a cultural characteristic of Korea's traditional markets. Regarding its physical features, the market comprises street vendors selling their wares in an open street environment, which is another characteristic of Korea's market culture. Street retail is beneficial in promoting street activity, economic development, diversity and social connection in addition to consumption [43]. Open streets provide space for active physical and social interactions [44] and increase commerce along walkways [45]. Street markets can potentially become tourist spots that attract visitors by offering opportunities to experience the local culture [46], and open street markets might facilitate inflows of tourists throughout the open area and revitalize the markets by exposing visitors to a variety of products and cultural activities. The resilience of declining traditional city centers can be enhanced by the proximity and linkage of the parts of the center [3] and the diversity that emerges from complementary relations between them [13]. The spatial configuration created by the long axis of visually consecutive walkways in the study area was formed by the connections between Yukgeori Market and the large number of modern commercial buildings constructed after Korea's period of rapid industrialization spanning the middle to the end of the twentieth century.