## 3 Results
### Results on Gender Comparison  
The results on step rates and angles for gender comparison are shown in Table 3. There are no significant differences between males and females in terms of step rates and angles. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Parameter** & **Mean** & **Std. Error** & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**95\% Confidence Interval**} & \\ \hline
**SR (Step/Min)** & & & **Lower Bound** & **Upper Bound** & **Note** & \(p\) \\ \hline
**SH Right (m)** & & & & & & \\ \hline PSR & 0.224 & 0.017 & 0.188 & 0.260 & PSR vs. \textgreater{}10\% & 0.840 \\ \hline
10\% \textgreater{} PSR & 0.246 & 0.019 & 0.206 & 0.286 & PSR vs. \textless{}10\% & 0.187 \\ \hline
10\% \textless{} PSR & 0.240 & 0.017 & 0.204 & 0.276 & \textless{}10\% vs. \textgreater{}10\% & 1.000 \\ \hline
**SA Right (deg)** & & & & & & \\ \hline PSR & 37.576 & 1.173 & 35.111 & 40.042 & PSR vs. \textgreater{}10\% & 0.087 \\ \hline
10\% \textgreater{} PSR & 41.968 & 1.856 & 38.069 & 45.867 & \textgreater{}10\% vs. \textless{}10\% & 0.050 \\ \hline
10\% \textless{} PSR & 36.327 & 1.429 & 33.324 & 39.33 & \textless{}10\% vs. PSR & 0.593 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} Note: A general linear model for repeated measures was used in comparison, with SR serving as the main within-subject factor and gender as the interactive between-subject factor. Adjustment for multiple comparisons: Bonferroni. PSR: preferred step rate, SL: step length, SA: step angle, SH: max height of foot during step. \({}^{*}p\) < 0.05. These notes are also applied to the following tables.  
\end{table} 
Table 2: _Cont._ \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & & & & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**95\% Confidence**} & \\ \cline{4-7}
**Step Rate (Step/Min)** & **Mean** & **Std. Error** & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Interval**} & \\ \cline{4-7}  & & & **Lower Bound** & **Upper Bound** & \(p\) \\ \hline \hline PSR & male & 165.94 & 2.07 & 161.57 & 170.31 & 0.293 \\ \cline{2-7}  & female & 162.52 & 2.30 & 157.66 & 167.37 & \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{\(>\)10\% PSR} & male & 182.57 & 2.28 & 177.77 & 187.37 & 0.287 \\ \cline{2-7}  & female & 178.75 & 2.53 & 173.42 & 184.08 & \\ \cline{2-7}  & male & 149.35 & 1.88 & 145.37 & 153.32 & 0.313 \\ \cline{2-7}  & female & 146.36 & 2.09 & 141.94 & 150.77 & \\ \hline \hline
**Step Angle Left (degree)** & & & & & & \\ \hline \hline PSR & male & 36.60 & 1.68 & 33.05 & 40.15 & 0.711 \\ \hline PSR & female & 37.57 & 1.87 & 33.63 & 41.50 & \\ \cline{2-7}  & male & 41.21 & 2.66 & 35.59 & 46.83 & 0.616 \\ \cline{2-7}  & female & 43.29 & 2.96 & 37.05 & 49.54 & \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{\(<\)10\% PSR} & male & 35.89 & 2.22 & 31.20 & 40.57 & 0.618 \\ \cline{2-7}  & female & 37.61 & 2.47 & 32.40 & 42.82 & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Comparison of step rates and angles between gender. The results on step heights and step lengths are shown in Table 4. It was found that the male group had a larger step length than the female group when step rates were PSR and <10% PSR situations, but no changes in >10% PSR cases. It was also found that the max heights of the feet during running were not significantly different between genders in three types of step rates.