## 1 Introduction  
The nucleic acid architectures stabilized by base-pairing and aryl \(\pi\)-\(\pi\) stacking interactions provides to scientists one of the most sophisticated supramolecular models. Since the determination of the structure of double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) by [PERSON], [PERSON], [PERSON] and [PERSON] [1; 2; 3], artificial bio-inspired molecules featuring nucleic acid units have become a very powerful strategy to construct supramolecular systems [4; 5; 6]. Of particular interest is the design of hybrid amphiphilic nucleolipids featuring a bi-functionality based on the combination of nucleic acids and lipids [7; 8; 9; 10; 11; 12; 13; 14; 15]. Interestingly, different bottom-up approaches involving nucleolipids have been used for the construction of nanostructures for different applications, including materials [16; 17; 18] and biomedical devices [19; 20; 21]. In parallel to nucleolipid derivatives, the combination of nucleobase units with fluorocarbonhydrophobic and lipophobic moieties to create novel materials, for diagnostics or in medical applications, is still in its infancy. It has been extensively reported that highly fluorinated derivatives possess unique properties, including chemical and biological inertness, strong hydro- and lipophobia. Interestingly, fluorocarbon colloids used for biomedical applications feature high gas solubility, low lipid and water solubility, and outstanding surface characteristics [22].  
Hence, material and biomedical sciences could take advantage of the new properties coming from the combination of nucleic acids and fluorocarbon synthetic units for new applications. The availability of chemically modified nucleotides and fluorocarbon synthons and/or reagents, means that Nucleic Acids Fluorocarbon Amphiphiles (NAFAs) could be used in numerous fields of research including engineering, biology and medicine (Figure 1). Recently, the use of nucleoside-based fluorocarbon derivatives has been mainly motivated by three fundamental objectives: (i) construct novel supramolecular materials and/or devices; (ii) develop new drug delivery systems; and (iii) find new therapeutic molecules.  
This short, non-exhaustive review intends to illustrate the role that highly fluorinated amphiphiles may play in chemistry, biology and material science. It consists primarily of an account of the authors' own efforts and experience in the field, hence will be limited to some specific aspects of this chemistry. It also intends to outline the potential applications of fluorinated nucleolipids, ranging from chemistry to biomedical research.  
First, we will focus on the recent progress achieved in the fields of fluorocarbon and nucleoside amphiphiles. This first section includes hybrid molecules bearing both a nucleic acid and fluorocarbon chains: namely the Fluorocarbon Nucleoside amphiphiles (FNs). Second, we will present several Fluorocarbon OligoNucleotide amphiphiles (FONs) and fluorinated oligonucleotides analogues.  
Figure 1: Nucleic Acids Fluorocarbon Amphiphiles (NAFAs), including Fluorocarbon Nucleoside and OligoNucleotide amphiphiles (FNs and FONs, respectively): building blocks for soft materials and biomedical applications.