## 3 Result and Discussion
### Effects of crepe Rubber and TMQ on Short Term Aging of Modified Asphalt  
The damage to the asphalt pavement during its service life is mostly due to the aging asphalt binder. Asphalt aging contributes to decreased durability and service life of asphalt pavements. Therefore, we need a testing method using the rolling thin film oven test (RTFOT) to simulate short-term aging on asphalt. The parameters for testing short term aging in this study used an approach to measure the weight loss of asphalt during RTFOT testing. Loss of weight in asphalt can occur due to volatile compounds such as aromatic components in asphalt [17]. Testing using RTFOT aims to determine volatile compounds' effect on short-term asphalt aging and asphalt's sensitivity to high temperatures. Meanwhile, long-term aging is caused by traffic loads, temperature, sunlight, oxidation, and others [26]. Loss of weight of asphalt allowed is a maximum of 1% of asphalt weight [8]. Figure 2: Softening point. Sample B2 in Figure 3 experienced a weight loss of 0.059% during RTFOT testing or decreased by 83.84% compared to asphalt pen grade 60/70. Overall, sample B experienced constant weight loss compared to samples A and C. The addition of 10% creep rubber in asphalt has the optimum condition in preventing the evaporation of volatile compounds or the creep rubber part from evaporating. The average weight loss of asphalt in sample B is only 0.061%, while sample A has an average weight loss of 0.086% and 0.105% for sample C. as seen in Table 4. Logically the higher the rubber ratio, the smaller the weight loss that occurs after RTFOT is due to the function of creep rubber in asphalt as a membrane that inhibits volatile compounds from evaporating [8]. However, this study concluded that the greater the ratio of creep rubber to asphalt, the greater the weight loss. The weight loss of the asphalt occurs due to the creep rubber's degradation during the RTFOT process, which results in the loss of some of the creep rubber mass [2]. The loss of light components in the asphalt can reduce the penetration value and increase the softening point, as seen in Figure 4A. The penetration of sample B1 after RTFOT decreased until it reached a penetration value of 45.9 dmm. All samples experienced a decrease in penetration between 10-29% from before RTFOT. The low penetration of sample B1 causes the physical properties of sample B1 after penetration to become very hard and stiff. The decrease in penetration after RTFOT was due to several factors, including the asphaltene fraction, which increased along with the evaporation of the maltene fraction and rubber degradation, which increased in the carbonyl group. These two factors are the formation of free radicals by excess heat, which is based on age in the asphalt binding network [2]. Concerning Figure 4A,B presents data on the percentage reduction in asphalt penetration. In Figure 4B and Table 4, it can be seen that the addition of creep rubber to the asphalt increases the percentage reduction in asphalt penetration. A significant decrease in asphalt penetration after RTFOT will increase the asphalt strength and make the asphalt susceptible to premature aging [27]. The increase in the percentage decrease in penetration of modified asphalt after RTFOT was caused by the effect of degradation of creep rubber compared to the loss of light fraction in the asphalt. Degradation of creep rubber plays a significant role in oxidation and increases in carbonyl groups, causing an increase in the proportion of asphaltene and a decrease in maltene [2]. In this case, creep rubber accelerates the asphalt aging after RTFOT because creep rubber is very susceptible to heat, oxidation, and UV. Antioxidants are necessary to prevent creep rubber oxidation, which increases the risk of premature aging of the asphalt. This study uses TMQ as an antioxidant. The TMQ ratio's effect on the percentage reduction in asphalt penetration after RTFOT can be seen in Figure 4B.