## 2 Theoretical Framework and Methodology
This research direction continues to study the competitiveness of the Polish transport industry in the European market [6; 9]. Referring to Eurostat statistics, they note that, in terms of freight transport volumes, Poland is among the top-five countries in the EU, indicating an aggressive marketing strategy for transport companies entering foreign markets. However, the issue of increasing efficiency through cost reduction remains relevant. Road freight transport is characterized by lower labor productivity compared to countries that joined the EU in 2004. This is because of the absence of large transport companies that can benefit from economies of scale. By contrast, small- and medium-sized carriers operate in Poland. [PERSON] [3] considered selecting a logistics facility location as a multi-criterion decision-making (MCDM) problem, where external and internal factors influence the final decision. To address this issue, the study applied the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to the Ideal Solution (TOPSIS), based on criteria weights defined by the Saaty pairwise comparison method. Using these methods, the authors identify the most suitable logistics service center (LSC) location among eight candidate regions. The final ranking, informed by ten logistics experts with practical experience in facility placement, ensures objectivity and highlights how the outcome varies according to individual goals and preferences of decision-makers [21]. The modern Polish freight market was assessed as competitive, highly efficient and rapidly growing. Due to this, transport companies with foreign capital appear on the domestic market, which promotes international trade. In particular, it was found that the time spent on transporting goods in most cases does not exceed 70% of the total time spent on transportation services. The application of SWOT analysis methods allowed the authors to conclude that the market for transport services in Poland remains attractive for entrepreneurial activity. On the other hand, instead of an innovative development of logistics infrastructure and economies of scale, the primary source of cost savings for Polish road haulers has long been driver wages. The increase in the minimum wage for this category of workers in Germany immediately reflected the internal problems of the Polish transport industry. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [23] make a significant and valuable contribution to the study of decision-making processes in transport design, emphasizing critically important criteria such as sustainable development and improving quality of life. The application of fuzzy logic for the strategic planning of transport projects serves as an innovative tool that allows for the consideration of complex and subjective factors, including social, environmental, and economic impacts. At the same time, the issue remains relevant regarding the evaluation of the impact of transport logistics and architectural innovations on the economic development of countries, particularly Ukraine and Poland, focusing on the role of logistics in sectors such as agriculture, industry, and trade, as well as the use of BIM technologies to enhance the efficiency and sustainability of transport infrastructure. The analysis of recent research shows that the transport sector in Ukraine and Poland is characterized by certain problems determined by the corresponding socio-economic conditions of development and the external environment. However, in most cases, research has focused solely on this sector of the economy, ignoring its mutual influence on the country's overall economic growth. Therefore, this direction represents a scientific interest and requires further research. Further, deterministic factor analysis and the Leontief model were used to investigate the interaction between the country's economic development and the functioning of the transportation industry. The analytical tools allowed for identifying factors influencing freight turnover and the transportation sector in Ukraine and Poland.