## 5 Conclusions  
This work proposes an improvement operation for a recently proposed converter. The low-voltage in capacitors (LVC) converter offers a high voltage gain while operating with low voltage in their capacitors (lower than at the output). The improvement consisted of a modification in the pulse width modulation (PWM) scheme that allows a reduction  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c} \hline \hline
**Parameter (Equal for All)** & **Value** \\ \hline Inductance of inductors & \(L=L_{1}=L_{2}=250\)\(\mu\)H \\ Inductors equivalent series resistance & \(L_{csr}=50\)\(\mu\)m \\ Capacitance of capacitors & \(C_{1}=C_{2}=10\)\(\mu\)F \\ Capacitors equivalent series resistance & \(C_{csr}=5\)\(\mu\)m \\ Switches on-resistance & \(S_{un-res}=85\)\(\mu\)m \\ Switches switching time (wors selected) & \(S_{time}=100\)\(n\)S \\ Switching frequency & \(f_{S}=20\)\(kHz\) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 1: Parameters for losses calculation.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c} \hline \hline
**Losses** & **Value** \\ \hline Inductor \(L_{1}\) & 90.3 mW \\ Inductor \(L_{2}\) & 90.3 mW \\ Capacitor \(C_{1}\) & 4 mW \\ Capacitor \(C_{2}\) & 4 mW \\ \(S_{1}\) switching losses & 53.8 mW \\ \(S_{1}\) conduction losses & 92.1 mW \\ \(S_{1n}\) switching losses & — \\ \(S_{1n}\) conduction losses & 61.4 mW \\ \(S_{2}\) switching losses & 53.8 mW \\ \(S_{2n}\) conduction losses & 92.1 mW \\ \(S_{2n}\) switching losses & — \\ \(S_{2n}\) conduction losses & 61.4 mW \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 2: Losses of the LVC converter in the proposed operation.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c} \hline \hline
**Losses** & **Value** \\ Inductor \(L\) & 221.1 mW \\ Capacitor \(C_{1}\) & 7.4 mW \\ Capacitor \(C_{2}\) & 7.4 mW \\ \(S_{1}\) switching losses & 231.5 mW \\ \(S_{1}\) conduction losses & 281.9 mW \\ \(S_{1n}\) switching losses & — \\ \(S_{1n}\) conduction losses & 94.0 mW \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 3: Losses of the traditional boost converter.  
in the voltage ripple at the output port without modifying the circuit parameters. The LVC converter contains two transistors, and it was proposed that these were operated with a single switching function. The new PWM scheme consists of two switching signals with a phase shift among them of 180\({}^{\circ}\), such as the interleaved converter. Compared to the previous operation, the converter presents a smaller voltage ripple at the output port (without changing the capacitors or the switching frequency). The converters' mathematical model was presented, and the experimental results proved the advantage of the proposed operation in reducing the voltage ripple at the output port. As a future work, the authors may have developed two converters with different capacitors but the same output voltage ripple to evaluate the percentage of stored energy (or volume) that the converter requires in the proposed operation to achieve the same output voltage ripple as in the former operation.  
[PERSON] and [PERSON] contributed with the conceptualization of the article; [PERSON] contributed with the optimization methodology; [PERSON] contributed with the software and validation, [PERSON] and [PERSON] contributed with the formal analysis; and [PERSON] wrote the draft and manuscript preparation. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
The authors would like to thank Universidad Panamericana, for their support through the program \"Fomento a la Investigacion UP 2022\", and project \"Estudio de algoritmos heuristicos y metaheuristicos en la optimizacion de problemas en la ingenieria\" UP-CI-2022-GDL-02-ING.  
Not applicable.  
The authors declare no conflict of interest.