## 3 Results  
### Throwing Velocity  
The results varied according to gender and to the instruction received. (i) 'Velocity target' (Figure 2). Significant differences were observed in men based on the type of ball (F\({}_{2,34}\) = 9.21; \(p<0.01\); \(\eta_{p}{}^{2}\) = 0.351), registering higher velocities in throws made with the TBR than the TBNR (\(p<0.05\)) and the NB (\(p<0.01\)). No differences were found according to throwing distance (F\({}_{1,34}\) = 0.17; \(p=0.690\)). The interaction effect between ball type and throwing distance was significant (F\({}_{2,34}\) = 13.45; \(p<0.01\); \(\eta_{p}{}^{2}\) = 0.442--Large). Multiple posterior comparisons showed that the 9 m throw velocity with the NB was higher than with the TBNR (\(p<0.05\)). From 7 m, velocity was higher for throws with the TBR than with the NB (\(p<0.001\)) and the TBNR (\(p<0.01\)), as well as for throws with the NB compared to the TBNR (\(p<0.01\)). Furthermore, higher velocities with the TBR were achieved from 7 m than from 9 m (\(p<0.05\)), while higher velocities with the NB were achieved from 9 m than from 7 m (\(p<0.001\)). In women, significant differences were observed according to throwing distance (F\({}_{1,20}\) = 81.94; \(p<0.001\); \(\eta_{p}{}^{2}\) = 0.891), with higher velocities being recorded from 9 m than from 7 m. No differences were found based on the type of ball (F\({}_{2,20}\) = 2.62; \(p=0.098\)). The interaction effect between ball type and throwing distance was significant (F\({}_{2,20}\) = 23.82; \(p<0.001\); \(\eta_{p}{}^{2}\) = 0.704--Large). Multiple posterior comparisons showed that the 9 m throw velocity with the NB and the TBR were higher than with the TBNR (\(p<0.01\) and \(p<0.05\), respectively). From 7 m, faster throws were recorded with the NB than with the TBR (\(p<0.05\)) and the TBNR (\(p<0.001\)). Figure 2: Male (M) and female (F) players’ throwing velocity (radar) for velocity target according to throwing distance (7 and 9 m) and ball type (traditional ball with no resin—TBNR; traditional ball with resin—TBR; and new ball—NB). Note: continuous lines indicate significant differences between the three balls at a specific distance. Discontinuous lines indicate significant differences between the two throwing distances in a specific ball. * \(p<0.05\); ** \(p<0.01\), *** \(p<0.001\). (ii) 'Accuracy target' (Figure 3). The interaction effect between ball type and throwing distance for both men (F\({}_{2,34}\) = 1.34; \(p\) = 0.277) and women (F\({}_{2,20}\) = 0.86; \(p\) = 0.437) was not significant. In men, the main effects showed significant differences according to the type of ball (F\({}_{2,34}\) = 18.07; \(p\) < 0.001; \(\eta_{p}{}^{2}\) = 0.515--Large) with higher velocities for throws made with the TBR and with the NB than with the TBNR (\(p\) < 0.01, both). No differences were found according to throwing distance (F\({}_{1,34}\) = 0.01; \(p\) = 0.987). In women, significant differences were observed based on throwing distance (F\({}_{1,20}\) = 67.33; \(p\) < 0.001; \(\eta_{p}{}^{2}\) = 0.871--Large) with higher velocities registered from 9 m than from 7 m. Significant differences were found according to the type of ball (F\({}_{2,20}\) = 13.48; \(p\) < 0.001; \(\eta_{p}{}^{2}\) = 0.574--Large), with higher velocities being identified for throws made with the NB and the TBR than those made with the TBNR (\(p\) < 0.01 and \(p\) < 0.05, respectively). With regard to the players' subjective perception associated with the throwing velocity, the results were as follows (Table 1): (i) 'Velocity target'. Significant differences were observed in men in relation to the type of ball (F\({}_{2,34}\) = 7.84; \(p\) < 0.01; \(\eta_{p}{}^{2}\) = 0.316--Large). However, in contrast to the values measured by the radar, the players reported that the NB did not give them the feeling of a loss of throwing velocity compared to the TBR (\(p\) > 0.05). The interaction effect between ball type and throwing distance was significant (F\({}_{2,34}\) = 3.30; \(p\) < 0.05; \(\eta_{p}{}^{2}\) = 0.162--Medium).