## 2 Using a Mobile Phone while Traveling--Previous Research Review  
The evolution of mobile devices has led to the fact that the behavior of drivers in road traffic has also changed. American research shows that driver distractions increase the likelihood of a collision. This applies to typing and reading messages, as well as chatting on a mobile phone. In the United States, a driving simulator study was conducted. The participants were twenty-four pairs of friends. One person in the pair was the driver and the other was a conversation partner in three situations: talking directly to each other in the simulator, remotely in a hands-free mode when the partner watched the drive from another room, and remotely via a mobile phone. It was compared to the driver driving alone in silence. The main problem studied was the influence of the interview conditions on the drivers' ability to avoid collisions due to unexpected events. The results of the measurements showed that the driver's distraction results, among other things, from the interlocutor's lack of awareness of what is happening on the road. The risk of a collision was reduced when the partner had visual information and they alerted the driver to unexpected events. The experiment showed that drivers using a mobile phone avoid a greater percentage of motorway exits and show worse adherence to the side lane compared to those who spoke to the passenger. Additionally, the conversation weakens the ability to notice changes while driving and to predict and slows down the reaction time of drivers [17; 18]. This problem also affects truck drivers, who should keep constant contact with dispatchers. Smartphones and onboard computers contribute to their distraction on the road. In a study conducted in the United States on professional drivers using a driving simulator, it was shown that sending and reading text messages causes a total deterioration of concentration and driving efficiency. Interestingly, these studies also saw that drivers of vans who judge themselves to be very qualified drive less carefully than those who judged themselves to be qualified [15; 18]. It was also noticed that new habits of the population appeared due to the development of mobile telephony, for example, reflexively unlocking the start screen to make sure about the lack of notifications. These were performed automatically. In the research of [PERSON] [18], the use of a mobile phone was analyzed in terms of habit in road traffic. Planned behavior theory was used to explain why drivers continued to use their cell phones directly while driving, despite a clear prohibition. Data analysis has shown that the use of a mobile phone increases the chances of leading to a road incident by 3.6 times. Habits of chatting, sending, reading text messages, and updating social media have been found to contribute significantly to this when driving. Moreover, drivers use their mobile phones more often when they perceive driving conditions as less demanding and safer--for example, when they stop at a red signal [17; 18; 19; 20]. Other studies also show that passengers do not feel safe while driving when the driver uses a mobile phone. Participants in a 2015 study in the United States found that they draw drivers' attention when they hold the phone in their hand (67%) and intervene when their driver writes or reads text messages (87%) while traveling [20]. The article [21] describes the impact of using a mobile phone on the driver. Described is how it affects their behavior and distraction, translating into road safety. Field research and an internet poll were conducted. A field study found that 11.6% of 1867 drivers used a cell phone while driving, while 26.1% of the 203 drivers in the top line were using a cell phone when stopped at the traffic light intersection approach. In the work [22], based on the results of a survey of 144 respondents, the method of using mobile phones by pedestrians and drivers were analyzed and an attempt was made to assess their impact on road safety.