## 6 Conclusions  
For the SEM-VALTM model in this research, all indicators currently used in Thailand were selected to verify their stationary properties. It was found that 19 indicators could be used in the model as they are stationary at first difference at a 99% confidence interval. When testing for long-term relationships using the co-integration test, it was found that the indicators included in this model exhibited co-integration. This indicates that analyzing long-term relationships is feasible and appropriate. We then analyzed the direct effects and indirect effects using the SEM-VALTM model. The research results revealed that this model is suitable, as it passed the spuriousness test, demonstrating no issues with heteroscedasticity, multicollinearity, or autocorrelation. Additionally, it met the criteria for Best Linear Unbiased Estimation (BLUE) and passed all validity tests for the statistical measures, adhering to all specified standards. Therefore, we conclude that the economic sector has the greatest influence on changes in the environmental sector, with an inverse relationship. Meanwhile, the economic sector also influences changes in the social sector, but in the same direction. The research findings reveal that the environmental sector has the slowest ability to adjust to equilibrium. If a shock occurs, it will be very difficult, or even impossible, for this sector to return to equilibrium, which is in stark contrast to the economic sector and social sector. Additionally, it was discovered that in the economic sector, the most influential indicator driving changes is industrial structure rate, which has the greatest inverse impact on the environmental sector. To address these challenges, a new scenario policy was proposed, emphasizing the use of clean technology and renewable energy. Based on the research outcomes, the following conclusions were drawn: 1) total energy consumption from 2025 to 2037 is projected to decrease, with a growth rate (2037/2025) rising by only 103.31%, which remains below the carrying capacity; and 2) the analysis of greenhouse gas emissions for the same period (2025-2037) indicates an increase of only 55.04 Mt CO\({}_{2}\) Eq., which is at a declining growth rate and remains below the carrying capacity standard of no more than 60.5 Mt CO\({}_{2}\) Eq. Thus, the SEM-VALTM model demonstrates comprehensive and appropriate attributes for formulating national management strategies. It serves as a crucial tool for future decision-making, positioning Thailand on the path to achieving Thailand 5.0. Conceptualization, [PERSON] ([PERSON]), P.S. ([PERSON]) and C.J. ; methodology, [PERSON] ([PERSON]), [PERSON] ([PERSON]) and C.J. ; software, [PERSON] ([PERSON]), [PERSON] ([PERSON]) and C.J. ; validation, [PERSON] ([PERSON]), [PERSON] ([PERSON]) and C.J. ; formal analysis, [PERSON] ([PERSON]), [PERSON] ([PERSON]) and C.J. ; investigators, [PERSON] ([PERSON]), [PERSON] ([PERSON]) and C.J. ; data curation, [PERSON] ([PERSON]), [PERSON] ([PERSON]) and C.J. ; writing--original draft preparation, [PERSON] ([PERSON]), [PERSON] ([PERSON]) and C.J. ; writing--review and editing, [PERSON] ([PERSON]), [PERSON] ([PERSON]) and [PERSON]; visualization, [PERSON], [PERSON] and [PERSON]; supervision, [PERSON] and [PERSON]. ([PERSON]); project administration, [PERSON] and [PERSON]. ([PERSON]) All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. Not applicable. Data Availability Statement: Data are contained within the article. This research work was supported by the Research Fund of the Faculty of Engineering, Khon Kaen University under the Research Scholarship for Ph.D. Students project under Contract No. Ph.D-004/2567. This research was supported by the Postharvest Technology Innovation Center, Science, the Research and Innovation Promotion and Utilization Division, the Office of the Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation, Thailand, and the Agricultural Machinery and Postharvest Technology Center, Khon Kaen University, Thailand.