## 5 Results
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Ref.** & **Country** & **Educ. Stages** & **Focus Area** & **Develop. Category** & **Sample** & **Aims** \\ \hline
[191] & Germany & n/a & \
\begin{tabular}{c} Language \\ learning \\ (Japanese kanji) \\ \end{tabular} & Cognitive & 13 students &
\begin{tabular}{c} To train students in all aspects of Kanji by \\ capitalizing on the concept of flow to immerse \\ students in a rich Japanese mythology game, \\ which takes place in an augmented reality \\ environment. \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline
[192] & Malaysia & \begin{tabular}{c} Higher \\ education \\ \end{tabular} & Architecture & Cognitive & \
\begin{tabular}{c} 87 university \\ students \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} To investigate how instructional design can \\ assist in developing mobile augmented reality \\ applications that create enjoyable learning \\ environments, which promote students’ active \\ participation. \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline
[193] & Argentina & n/a & \begin{tabular}{c} General \\ knowledge \\ \end{tabular} & Cognitive & \
\begin{tabular}{c} 50 secondary and \\ higher education \\ students \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} To propose a framework for designing \\ augmented reality applications and validating \\ it by creating and assessing an application \\ using the specific framework on a goose board \\ game to reinforce the learning of concepts \\ presented in a traditional classroom. \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline
[194] & \begin{tabular}{c} United \\ Arab \\ Emirates \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} Primary \\ education \\ \end{tabular} & Learning to write & Cognitive & \
\begin{tabular}{c} Primary school \\ students \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} To propose an augmented reality application \\ that supports students by enabling them to \\ learn at their own pace and to actively involve \\ their parents. \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline
[195] & Ukraine & \begin{tabular}{c} Secondary \\ education \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} Physics and \\ English \\ \end{tabular} & Cognitive & \
\begin{tabular}{c} Four groups of \\ secondary school \\ students \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} To showcase the potential of using gaming \\ elements and augmented reality to support the \\ conduct of binary lessons, such as Physics and \\ English, in secondary education. \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline
[196] & Portugal & \begin{tabular}{c} K-12 \\ education \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} Interdisciplinary \\ themes \\ \end{tabular} & Cognitive & \
\begin{tabular}{c} 24 K-12 education \\ students and 46 \\ higher education \\ ones \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} To analyze students’ perception of the gamified \\ augmented reality application regarding its \\ usability and learning values, and to \\ comprehend their viewpoints. \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline
[197] & China & \begin{tabular}{c} Higher \\ education \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} Computer science \\ (Web design) \\ \end{tabular} & Cognitive & \
\begin{tabular}{c} 221 university \\ students \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} To present the benefits of using gamification \\ and augmented reality to create personalized \\ learning experiences in a classroom. \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline
[198] & Thailand & \begin{tabular}{c} Higher \\ education \\ \end{tabular} & Teamwork & n/a & \
\begin{tabular}{c} 5 specialists \\ selected by \\ purpose \\ sampling \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} To create an augmented reality application that \\ promotes and increases students’ teamwork \\ and to evaluate its effectiveness. \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline
[199] & Egypt & \begin{tabular}{c} K-12 \\ education \\ \end{tabular} & Mathematics & Cognitive & \
\begin{tabular}{c} 18 diagnosed \\ Down syndrome \\ teenagers \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} To present an interactive AR-based game as an \\ instructional means for Down syndrome \\ teenagers. \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline
[200] & Indonesia & \begin{tabular}{c} Secondary \\ education \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} Language \\ learning (French) \\ \end{tabular} & Cognitive & \
\begin{tabular}{c} 60 secondary \\ school students \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} To create a gamified mobile learning system \\ using augmented reality to improve French \\ language learning. \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline
[201] & Portugal & \begin{tabular}{c} Higher \\ education \\ \end{tabular} & Teaching and \\ learning process & n/a & \
\begin{tabular}{c} 37 university \\ professors \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} To examine university professors' viewpoints \\ regarding the use of mobile learning when \\ combined with augmented reality and \\ gamification to improve students’ learning \\ motivation. \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline
[202] & Portugal & \begin{tabular}{c} K-12 \\ education \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} Interdisciplinary \\ themes \\ \end{tabular} & Cognitive & \
\begin{tabular}{c} 74 primary and \\ secondary school \\ students \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} To design, develop, and evaluate an \\ augmented reality game to promote students’ \\ learning in smart urban parks. \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline
[203] & \begin{tabular}{c} United \\ States \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} Higher \\ education \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} Language \\ learning (English) \\ \end{tabular} & Cognitive & \
\begin{tabular}{c} 3 university \\ students \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} To improve students’ cultural understanding, \\ language development, and communication \\ skills through an augmented reality mobile \\ game. \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline
[204] & \begin{tabular}{c} United \\ States \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} Secondary \\ education \\ \end{tabular} & Engineering & Cognitive & \
\begin{tabular}{c} 20 high school \\ students \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} To present the design process of an augmented reality gamified learning experience and assess \\ its impact on creating sustainable learning \\ opportunities by increasing university \\ students’ sensory capacities. \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}