esa-sceva/satcom-chunk-collection huggingface dataset:
# NPP-VIIRS DNB Daily Data in Natural Disaster Assessment: Evidence from Selected Case Studies
## 1 Introduction
[38] used the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Black Marble nighttime light data (a type of high-quality NTL data derived from NPP-VIIRS DNB) and PNL to assess disaster-related power outages. Similarly, [PERSON] et al. [39] and [PERSON] et al. [40] used the histogram of the digital number (DN) difference between the pre- and post-earthquake DMSP-OLS images to identify damaged areas. [PERSON] et al. [41] used NPP-VIIRS Nearly Constant Contrast (NCC) nighttime light, derived from NPP-VIIRS DNB data, to detect damage after three earthquakes. NTL daily data have also been used to detect holiday events and wars. For instance, [PERSON] et al. [42] used time series data of the total lighting electricity usage (TLEU), estimated from daily NPP-VIIRS DNB, for several cities in the Southern United States, Northern Mexico, and the Middle East to detect the energy usage during the Christmas-New Year period and the Holy Month of Ramadan. [PERSON] et al. [43] compared four DMSP-OLS nighttime light images in Baghdad before and after the U.S. military'surge', to assess the extent to which nighttime lights changed after the war. The most commonly used methods to detect NTL changes include pixel-based pre- and post-event image comparison [34; 35; 36; 38; 39; 40; 41; 43], and region-based time series analyses [37; 38; 39; 42]. Several studies used NTL daily data to assess the impact of disasters. However, few research articles have compared the use of such data across different types of disasters. Given the distinct characteristics of each type of natural disaster that would differently affect NTL, it is necessary to evaluate the usefulness and limitations of this source of data when assessing the impact of different types of natural disasters. It is also necessary to understand the difference between the use of NTL and radar data in this context, given that NTL data detect human lights whereas radar data detect ground deformation. This paper analyses the usefulness and limitations of using NPP-VIIRS DNB daily observations when assessing the impact of several types of natural disasters, including earthquakes, storms, and floods. We aimed to provide a practical guide for researchers and practitioners who may consider using these data sources in different situations or regions. Specifically, we generate a PNL image to present the DNB change before and after a disaster, evaluate the change in space, and explore possible reasons for the change. By examining the usefulness and limitations of the data when assessing the impact of each type of disaster, their implications are evaluated and discussed. We also evaluate and compare the differences between using DNB and radar data in detecting the effects of natural disasters. The remainder of this study is organized as follows. Section 2 describes the selection of the three types of disastrous events as well as data and methods used in this study. Sections 3 and 4 present the results and discussion, respectively. Conclusions are summarized in Section 5.
# Parameter Optimization for an Accurate Swept-Sine Identification Procedure of Nonlinear Systems
###### Abstract  
Modeling the nonlinearity of a system is of primary importance both for optimizing its design and for controlling the behavior of physical systems operating with a wide dynamic range of input values, for which the linearity hypothesis may not be sufficient. To become of practical use, the identification of nonlinear models must be accurate and computationally efficient. For these reasons, in recent years, among the numerous models of nonlinear systems that have been proposed in the technical literature, the Hammerstein model has been widely applied as a consequence of the proposal of a new pattern identification technique based on pulse compression, which makes the identification of the model very accurate in numerous applications for which it has been adopted. Hammerstein model identification of a nonlinear system requires characterization of the linear filters present on the different branches of the model. These linear filters, which constitute the parameters of the model to be identified, must be considered with respect to their trends over time or, equivalently, in their frequency trends, as amplitude and phase responses. The identification can be considered accurate if the trends obtained for each filter adequately characterize it for the entire frequency range to which that specific filter is subjected in the normal operation of the system to be identified. This work focuses on this aspect, i.e., on the adequacy of the frequency range for which the filter is identified and on how to obtain correct identification in the entire frequency range of interest. The identification procedure based on exponential swept-sine signals defines these filters in the time domain by making use of intermediate functions that are related to the impulse responses of the model filters through a linear transformation. In this paper, we analyze, in detail, the roles of the bandwidths of both the excitation signal and the matched filter, which are the basis of the procedure, we verify the assumptions made about the amplitudes of their frequency bands, and we propose criteria for defining the bandwidths in order to maximize accuracy in model identification. The experiment performed makes it possible to verify that the proposed procedure avoids possible limitations and significantly improves the quality of the identification results, both if the description is made in the time domain and in the frequency domain.  
nonlinear systems; pulse compression; Hammerstein model identification; bandwidth limitation effects +
Footnote †: journal: Applied Sciences
# DCS-ST for Classification of Breast Cancer Histopathology Images with Limited Annotations
## 3 Method
### Model Architecture  
The DCS-ST architecture integrates the Swin Transformer backbone with the proposed enhancements, forming a cohesive pipeline (see Figure 1):  
* Swin Transformer Backbone: A pre-trained Swin-Base model extracts hierarchical features from the input image.
* Dynamic Window Predictor: Adjusts attention window sizes dynamically, guiding the backbone's attention mechanism.
* Cross-Scale Attention Module: Fuses multi-scale features across transformer stages for enhanced representation.
* Classifier: A linear layer maps the backbone's 1024-dimensional feature vector to four class logits, corresponding to breast cancer histopathology categories.  
The input image is processed sequentially: the dynamic window predictor informs the backbone, the cross-scale attention module refines features, and the classifier delivers the final prediction, leveraging both labeled and pseudo-labeled data.
# Optimization of DLTS Hinges for the Assembly of the Solar Arrays of a Communication CubeSat
## 3 Computational Modeling
### Static versus Quasi-Static Simulation  
A quasi-static simulation is preferable to be implemented; however, a static simulation was employed for simplicity. The quasi-static simulation was not chosen as a lot of factors were required to be stabilized and the energy needed to be monitored throughout the folding and deploying process. More specifically, the internal and strain energy must be controlled to satisfy the condition of the kinematic-to-internal energy ratio criterion, which must be less than 1% [17]. In the quasi-static simulation, accurate results are obtained by  
Figure 5: FEA analysis—static model generation [11].  
Figure 6: Mesh sensitivity study.  
investigating, analyzing, and contrasting various quasi-static simulation techniques such as mass scaling, which is considered a time-consuming procedure. Therefore, the static simulation was able to attain more time-efficient results as the determinants were assumed to avoid complications in the modeling and combinations of multiple simulated approaches. By acknowledging that the static simulation is not as accurate as the quasi-static one, an optimized analysis was performed to diminish the errors of the convergence of the angular displacement and to increase the precision of the obtained results, which are affected by the large deformations occurring under excessive \(\sigma_{\rm v}\).
# Mobility-Enabled Edge Server Selection for Multi-User Composite Services
## 1 Introduction
Therefore, in this paper, we design the Multi-user Edge server Selection method based on the Particle swarm optimization (MESP) algorithm to select edge servers for mobile users in order to minimize the total waiting time. The contributions of this research are as follows:  
* We formally model the problem of selecting edge servers for multiple users in mobile environments and establish a computation model of total user time consumption. * We analyze the resource contention among mobile users and design the MESP algorithm to select edge servers in advance for each mobile user in order to minimize all users' total waiting time. We conduct extensive simulation to verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm comparing baseline approaches. The rest of our paper is organized as follows. Section 2 introduces two examples that show the importance of edge server selection. Section 3 presents the system model of our paper, including prerequisite definitions and multi-user mobility-aware time computation model. Section 4 details our approach of selecting edge servers before users' move. Section 5 presents the experimental simulation evaluation and analysis. Section 6 reviews related work. Section 7 presents the conclusion of our work.
## 6 Analysis and Conclusions  
### Overview  
Extensive analysis on TDMA networking, in particular TSMP, has demonstrated its importance for low power wireless networking [7; 13; 27]. The low throughput MAV mode is effectively just an extension to a standard IEEE 802.15.4E (TSMP) network, with out-of-band communication reserved for direct point-to-point communication with the mobile MAV. Network maintenance and the remaining traffic is left to the primary unmodified IEEE 802.15.4 mesh, thus ensuring the robustness, reliability, and scalability inherited from the original standard. This time synchronized communication protocol has been implemented on the GINA motes under the OpenWSN stack, validating 10 ms slots with an extremely efficient duty cycle for the stationary mesh [16]. This stack supports channel hopping and multihop routing at very low power.  
Burst mode communications, on the other hand, augment the underlying TSMP MAC layer with an additional independent set of channels for the MAV burst data. This additional network is effectively a separate, stripped down TSMP network, derived from the original mesh but operating on a separate set of channels. Given a single unique path from a MAV to the base station, a MAV cannot simply send one packet after the other. Since its parent node must forward the packet, the MAV must pause until the parent node is ready to receive again. This leads to the transmission schedule seen in Figure 5.
# Hybrid Summarization of Medical Records for Predicting Length of Stay in the Intensive Care Unit
## 2 Background
### Clinical Text Summarization
#### 2.1.2 Abstractive Text Summarization  
Abstractive text summarization aims to generate a summary that contains words and phrases that may not necessarily be present in the source document. It involves reinterpreting the ideas or concepts from the original text and presenting them in a condensed and rephrased form, capturing the essential information while using different wording and structures. Transformer-based models have significantly advanced the field of abstractive text summarization and offer impressive capabilities when generating concise and coherent summaries [14]. A notable transformer-based model for abstractive text summarization is the text-to-text transfer transformer (T5) [15] model, which involves encoding the input text, including the extracted sentences, into a dense vector representation that captures the semantic meaning of the text; then, the decoder part of the T5 model generates a summary by decoding this representation into coherent and concise text. Unlike extractive methods, abstractive approaches deeply analyze the input document to comprehend its main concepts, allowing them to generate new sentences that encapsulate the document's core content.
## 3 Results
### The Hayward Fault Case Study
(**D**) Orientation of the expected predominant synthetic cleavages (blue rose diagram, mean azimuth of N4\({}^{\circ}\)) are reported as well, together with the combined results of ground motion polarization at stations ND6 and ND7 (the red rose diagram). Conversely, off fault stations (ND1, ND2, ND4, C002, C015, C060) show rose diagrams with scattered polarization angles, with no clear prevailing direction. The mean HVSRs averaged over the selected events are shown in Figure 2B for three selected stations (further details of the analysis can be found in [13]). The off-fault station CSU1 shows low HVSR amplitude levels that do not reach a factor of 3. Conversely, at the two on-fault stations (ND6 and ND7) the horizontal motion exceeds the vertical one with peak values up to a factor of 4.5 in the frequency band of 1-7 Hz. Moreover, the amplitudes at peaked frequencies show a distinct variation as a function of the rotation angle, with maximum amplification along the N80-90\({}^{\circ}\) azimuth. The source polarization was modeled in [17] for direct P and S waves using the software ISOSYN [58], in order to verify whether this polarization effect could be ascribed to the seismic source. However, the modelled source polarizations did not agree with the observed one on direct body waves, implying that polarized motions at on-fault stations were not controlled by the source properties but rather due to local site effects. The polarization effect in the fault zone was interpreted by [17] in terms of fracture fields. The direction of the fracture cleavages expected for the HF was calculated using the package FRAP [59] (see the Appendix A in [17]). The model results suggested that for this fault kinematics, the predominant fracture cleavage is represented by synthetic cleavages (i.e., Riedel shear), that here develop with a mean azimuth of N4\({}^{\circ}\) (the blue rose diagram in Figure 2D). To help a correlation with ground motion polarization, the combined results from the analysis of seismic events at stations ND6 and ND7 are also plotted (red rose diagram). Based on these findings, Ref. [17] proposed that in the studied sector of the HF, the horizontal polarization of ground motion is orthogonal to the orientation of the most probable fracture system (synthetic cleavage). In Figure 2C, we provide a sketch of a map view with the regional stress field (red arrows), the right-lateral fault movement in the N160\({}^{\circ}\) direction (black arrows), and the kinematic components of the local stress field (K1 and K3). The expected fracture systems (cleavages and extensional fractures) are illustrated as well.
## 3 Results and Discussion
### Characterization of Nanocellulose Gels and Films
#### 3.2.4 DSC of CNF Films  
To evaluate the thermal properties of uncoated and wax-coated CNF films, DSC analyses were performed, and graphical results are shown in Figure 7. Between 50 and 120 \({}^{\circ}\)C a pronounced endothermic peak is observed, which is attributed to water evaporation absorbed by both samples [26]. The highest intensity of this peak is related to the moisture content of each film. This result agrees with FTIR results, which reveal a greater number of hydrogen bonds in CNF\({}_{2}\).  
Between 210 and 325 \({}^{\circ}\)C, both CNF films exhibit two exothermic events related to the degradation of cellulose, suggesting the presence of both TEMPO-oxidized CNF and partially oxidized cellulose. This result is also previously reported [27]. The CNF\({}_{1}\) film decomposes at a slightly higher temperature, suggesting better thermal stability, possibly due to different fiber structures from the sulfite process. The slightly lower decomposition temperature of CNF\({}_{2}\) may be attributed to higher cellulose purity from the sulfate pulping process. Finally, for temperatures above 350 \({}^{\circ}\)C, residual decomposition such as decarbonylation to CO and decarboxylation to CO\({}_{2}\) may occur [28]. In this region, smaller peaks can be observed for CNF\({}_{1}\) that did not appear for CNF\({}_{2}\), attesting to the complete decomposition of the latter at lower temperatures. Regarding wax-coated films, the greatest changes are recorded in CNF\({}_{1}\) films. Comparative with uncoated films, the WC CNF\({}_{1}\) film shows a reduced endothermic peak around 80-100 \({}^{\circ}\)C. This result suggests that the hydrophobic character of the wax reduces water absorption of CNF films, making them more suitable for applications requiring moisture barrier propertie  
Figure 7: DSC of uncoated and wax-coated CNF films.  
validated by the WVTR results of these samples. Between 150 and 280 \({}^{\circ}\)C, both curves are relatively stable, but CNF\({}_{1}\) shows a slightly higher baseline heat flow, indicating potential thermal relaxation or rearrangement of cellulose chains against WC CNF\({}_{1}\), which shows a smoother transition, suggesting that the wax coating provides thermal stability in this range. Between 280 and 350 \({}^{\circ}\)C, coated and uncoated films exhibit a significant exothermic event attributed to the thermal degradation of cellulose. The WC CNF\({}_{1}\) peak is broader and slightly shifted to higher temperatures, indicating greater thermal stability of this sample due to the wax coating, which slows down decomposition. In post-decomposition regions, more specifically after 350 \({}^{\circ}\)C, wax-coated films show a slightly stable baseline, suggesting that wax may act as a barrier, reducing oxidation or final degradation at high temperatures.
###### Abstract  
The aim is to evaluate the effects of slow maxillary expansion on maxillary and mandibular arch, using a slow maxillary expander (SME-Leaf Expander) banded on primary second molar. Ninety patients with transverse maxillary deficiency and posterior crossbite were selected. Sixty-nine patients (33 males/36 females; \(7.6\pm 1.7\) years old) who underwent SME and 21 patients (10 males/11 females; \(7.4\pm 1.2\) years old) who were treated with rapid maxillary expander (RME). Digital models obtained pre- and post-treatment at appliance removal (9 to 11 months) were processed by means of a 3D scanner (Trios 3, 3 Shape D250 laser, Copenhagen, Denmark). Interdental width in both maxilla and mandible were measured with 3 SHAPE Ortho Analyzer. Four Maximly and four mandibular interdental width were traced and evaluated. The adequate Student's \(t\)-test (dependent or independent) was used to compare intra and intergroups interdental width differences (\(p<0.05\)). The efficacy of the SME was confirmed both on maxillary and mandibular arch. All the maxillary and mandibular interdental widths increased significantly (\(p<0.001\)). The comparison with the RME group showed significant statistical differences between the two treatments with a greater increase in primary first and second interolar and canine width for the test group (\(p<0.001\)). SME with Leaf Expander produced statistically significant effects for the correction of transverse maxillary deficiencies with a significant indirect effect on the mandibular arch.  
m  
xm xm
# Experimental Study on the Current Pretreatment-Assisted Free Bulging of 304 Stainless Steel Sheets
## 3 Results and Discussion
### Influence of Pulsed Current on the Microstructure of 304 Stainless Steel Sheet  
Metallographic microanalysis of the initial rolling state and different current-treated 304 stainless steel sheets was used to explore the changes in microstructure in the thickness direction of the 304 stainless steel sheet after pulse current treatment. Figure 7 shows the microstructure of the 304 stainless steel sheet in different states, and Figure 7a shows the microstructure of the stainless steel sheet in the original rolling state. It can be seen that the initial 304 stainless steel sheet underwent a large extrusion deformation because of the cold rolling process, and the grains in the thickness direction were destroyed and elongated along the rolling direction. The microstructure shows a fibrous distribution, with high density of dislocations and stress concentration inside, resulting in increased hardness and yield strength and serious work hardening. When subjected to external forces, the deformation between the grains is not coordinated, it is difficult to undergo plastic deformation, and the forming performance is poor.  
Figure 7b is a microstructure diagram of the 304 stainless steel sheet after 10 A pulse current treatment. It can be observed that the fibrous distribution was alleviated and the microstructure began to become uniform. As shown in Figure 7e, under the action of the pulse current (25 A), the internal microstructure underwent dynamic recovery, equiaxed austenite grains appeared, and the grain morphology gradually emerged, which shows that the pulse current promotes coordinated deformation among grains, reduces the dislocation density, and reduces work hardening. During the forming process, this is more conducive to the plastic deformation of the sheet and improves its forming performance.  
Figure 7: Microstructure changes in 304 stainless steel sheets after treatment with different intensity currents. (**a**) Rolled state; (**b**) 10 A; (**c**) 15 A; (**d**) 20 A; and (**e**) 25 A.