# 3 GPP 5G V2X Scenarios: Performance of QoS Parameters Using Turbo Codes
## 1 Introduction and Related Work  
Cellular vehicle-to-everything (C-V2X) communication represents the dominant technology for future cooperative automated driving and safety--related applications. The requirements in terms of QoS performance vary according to specific user cases that represent realistic 3 GPP scenarios [1]. References [2, 3] provide an overview on V2X standardization on the New Radio (NR) side--link design as part of 3 GPP New Radio (NR) Release 16, which improves network architecture, security, physical layer and protocol aspects considering the reliability and low latency requirements. In [4] the authors provide a history of the 3 GPP side--link technology together with an overview of NR V2X technology, with emphasis on Mode 2 for out of coverage operation and autonomous resource selection. Furthermore, [4] presents a system--level NR V2X standard--compliant simulator and it also provides a comparison of sensing--based resource selection (Release 16) and random selection (Release 17) for power saving purposes. Finally, [5] mentions that Release 16 cellular interface and NR side--link interface are designed to enable platooning, advanced driving, extended sensors and remote driving. In [6] the authors mention that 5G NR V2X introduces advanced functionalities of 5G NR air interface which support connected and automated driving use cases with stringent requirements, while a survey on challenges and solutions for cellular--basedV2X communications is presented in [7]. Furthermore, in [7] the authors mention that cellular\(-\)based V2X is gaining attention and they point out challenges in existing LTE infrastructure for supporting V2X communication (the physical layer structure represents such a challenge). In [8] the authors point out the new V2X features in 3 GPP Release 15 and Release 16. They also conclude that future V2X and automotive radar systems can reuse common equipment, such as millimeter\(-\)wave antenna arrays. In [9] the authors summarize the most important aspects of 3 GPP NR\(-\)V2X, focusing on Release 16 and the main aspects of future Release 17. Finally, the authors mention that the two main frequency bands that have been defined in Release 16 are 5.9 GHz and 2.5 GHz. In [10] the authors discuss and evaluate the new features introduced in NR\(-\)V2X by comparative analysis with C\(-\)V2X. To compare the performance, an NR\(-\)V2X simulator (using ns\(-\)3 software) for sub\(-\)6 GHz band is also investigated. In [11] the authors investigate the evolution of vehicular communication systems towards 5G and how the applications and services follow that evolution. Specifically, the authors focus on the cellular\(-\)based solution and the way it is evolving from Release 14 (initial C\(-\)V2X system) towards Release 16 (a fully\(-\)operational 5G system). In [12] an adaptive autonomous V2X model is proposed, which is based on a new optimization method to enhance the connectivity of vehicular networks. This model optimizes the inter\(-\)vehicle position to communicate with the autonomous vehicle or to relay information to everything. Based on the system QoS being achieved, a decision is taken whether the transmitting autonomous vehicle communicates directly to the destination or through cooperative communication. In [13] the authors identify relevant future 5G 3 GPP enhancements, specifically for releases beyond Release 15, and they outline how these releases will support highly automated driving in cross\(-\)border corridors. For this study a set of scenarios is investigated together with the communication requirements and the most relevant 5G features are proposed. Moreover, the authors in [14] propose an LTE/NR coexistence technique in both downlink and uplink in order for the additional low\(-\)frequency spectrum to be deployed with LTE in near future. In [15] the authors present a QoS aware decentralized resource allocation for V2X communication based on a deep reinforcement learning (DRL) framework.