# Effect of Ajwa Date and Germinated Barley on Lipid Profile in Rats Fed High-Fat Diet
## 3 Results
### Liver Indices  
Table 4 shows the liver changes in rats fed ND, HFD, or HFD supplemented with a mixture of Ajwa dates and germinated barley in different proportions.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Parameters**} & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**Treatments \({}^{*}\)**} \\ \cline{2-5}  & **NC** & **PC** & **ABM20** & **ABM30** & **ABM40** \\ \hline
**Liver weight (g)** & 8.53 \(\pm\) 0.79 \({}^{\text{b}}\) & 9.42 \(\pm\) 1.66 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 7.04 \(\pm\) 0.95 \({}^{\text{c}}\) & 7.55 \(\pm\) 0.35 \({}^{\text{c}}\) & 8.78 \(\pm\) 0.77 \({}^{\text{b}}\) \\
**Liver Index (\%)** & 2.41 \(\pm\) 0.08 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 2.51 \(\pm\) 0.17 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 2.13 \(\pm\) 0.24 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 2.24 \(\pm\) 0.12 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 2.49 \(\pm\) 0.03 \({}^{\text{a}}\) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}  
* NC = Negative control, PC = Positive control, ABM20 = Ajwa barley mix 20%, ABM30 = Ajwa barley mix 30%, ABM40 = Ajwa barley mix 40%, \({}^{\text{a}}\)\({}^{\text{c}}\) Values in a row without the same superscript letter are different (\(p\leq 0.05\)); values are expressed as mean \(\pm\) SE.  
\end{table}
Table 4: The effect of a mixture of Ajwa date and germinated barley on hepatic indices in rats fed a high-fat diet.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Item \({}^{*}\)** & **Ajwa** & **Barley** & **Germinated Barley** \\ \hline DPPH (\%) & 85.47 \(\pm\) 1.50 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 71.21 \(\pm\) 1.6 \({}^{\text{b}}\) & 69.38 \(\pm\) 1.28 \({}^{\text{b}}\) \\ TPC (mgGAE.g) & 3.496 \(\pm\) 0.02 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 2.617 \(\pm\) 0.28 \({}^{\text{b}}\) & 3.335 \(\pm\) 0.06 \({}^{\text{a}}\) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}  
* DPPH (2,2-diphenylpicryhydrazy) radical scavenging activity and TPC (total phenolic content). Values are expressed as mean \(\pm\) standard error. \({}^{\text{a,b}}\) Values in a row without the same superscript letter are different (\(p\leq 0.05\)).  
\end{table}
Table 2: The antioxidant assays (TPC and DPPH) in Ajwa date, barley, and germinated barley.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Items**} & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**Treatments**} \\ \cline{2-5}  & **NC** & **PC** & **ABM20** & **ABM30** & **ABM40** \\ \hline Initial body weight (g) & 251.33 \(\pm\) 16.01 & 244.66 \(\pm\) 19.69 & 245.33 \(\pm\) 16.86 & 252.33 \(\pm\) 23.35 & 250.50 \(\pm\) 15.62 \\ Final body weight (g) & 372.66 \(\pm\) 9.86 \({}^{\text{ab}}\) & 389.00 \(\pm\) 17.34 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 354.00 \(\pm\) 17.69 \({}^{\text{b}}\) & 347.33 \(\pm\) 14.97 \({}^{\text{b}}\) & 371.66 \(\pm\) 10.11 \({}^{\text{ab}}\) \\ Body weight gain (g) & 101.33 \(\pm\) 8.38 \({}^{\text{c}}\) & 145.00 \(\pm\) 2.64 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 108.66 \(\pm\) 4.50 \({}^{\text{c}}\) & 95.00 \(\pm\) 11.53 \({}^{\text{c}}\) & 121.66 \(\pm\) 5.68 \({}^{\text{b}}\) \\ Food intake (g/day) & 19.04 \(\pm\) 0.81 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 16.30 \(\pm\) 0.86 \({}^{\text{b}}\) & 14.92 \(\pm\) 1.50 \({}^{\text{c}}\) & 13.86 \(\pm\) 0.68 \({}^{\text{c}}\) & 14.87 \(\pm\) 0.69 \({}^{\text{c}}\) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}  
* NC = Negative control, PC = Positive control, ABM20 = Ajwa barley mix 20%, ABM30 = Ajwa barley mix 30%, ABM40 = Ajwa barley mix 40%. \({}^{\text{a}}\)\({}^{\text{c}}\) Values in a row without the same superscript letter are different (\(p\leq 0.05\)); values are expressed as mean \(\pm\) SE.  
\end{table}
Table 3: The effect of a mixture of Ajwa date and germinated barley on body weight changes in rats fed a high-fat diet.  
Rats fed a HFD showed greater liver weights than other groups (\(p\leq 0.05\)), while rats in groups ABM20 and ABM30 had increased liver weights relative to other groups. Rats fed a HFD treated with ABM20 showed a non-significant effect when compared to the NC group (\(p\geq 0.05\)). The ABM40 group exhibited intermediate values. This indicates that ABM may enhance liver metabolism, thus reducing liver weights and indices.