## 4 Empirical Case of a Metropolitan Area of Taiwan
### Analysis of Results  
In this study, the DEMATEL structure was established and 2 dimensions and 11 criteria of domestic air pollution sources for Kaohsiung were analyzed. Based on the experts' consensus, the  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c} \hline \hline
**Dimensions/Criteria** & **Descriptions** \\ \hline \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Stationary air pollution sources (\(D_{1}\))**} \\ Coal-fired power plants (\(C_{11}\)) & Older power plants firing coal or oil. \\ \multicolumn{2}{c}{Factories (\(C_{12}\))} \\ Agriculture-related emissions (\(C_{13}\)) & Agricultural waste burning. \\ \multicolumn{2}{c}{Construction dust (\(C_{14}\))} & Dust from construction sites. \\ \multicolumn{2}{c}{Cooking fumes (\(C_{15}\))} & Oil fumes from restaurants without recycling devices. \\ \multicolumn{2}{c}{Customs (\(C_{16}\))} & Joss paper burning in traditional ceremonies. \\ \multicolumn{2}{c}{River dust (\(C_{17}\))} & Dust from dry river beds. \\ \hline \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Mobile air pollution sources (\(D_{2}\))**} \\ Diesel vehicles (\(C_{21}\)) & Diesel vehicle without the installation of filters. \\ \multicolumn{2}{c}{Scooters (\(C_{22}\))} & Two-stroke scooters emitting high PM\({}_{2.5}\) concentrations. \\ \multicolumn{2}{c}{Ship emissions (\(C_{23}\))} & Ships emission entering and leaving the port. \\ \multicolumn{2}{c}{Railway transportation (\(C_{24}\))} & Railway transportation equipment emissions. \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 1: Dimensions and criteria for evaluating air pollution sources.  
Figure 1: The location of Kaohsiung city in Taiwan.  
total influence matrices \(T_{D}\) and \(T_{c}\) were obtained. The sums of influences given and received for constructing the INRM are shown in Table 2 and the INRM is shown in Figure 2. The direction of the arrow in the INRM represents the direction of influence.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Dimensions/Criteria** & \(o\) & \(p\) & \(o+p\) & \(o-p\) \\ \hline
**Stationary air pollution sources (\(D_{1}\))** & **0.35** & **0.30** & **0.65** & **0.04** \\ \hline Coal-fired power plants (\(C_{11}\)) & 2.98 & 3.17 & 6.15 & \(-\)0.19 \\ Factories (\(C_{12}\)) & 3.11 & 2.72 & 5.83 & 0.39 \\ Agriculture-related emissions (\(C_{13}\)) & 1.26 & 2.25 & 3.51 & \(-\)0.99 \\ Construction dust (\(C_{14}\)) & 1.93 & 2.60 & 4.53 & \(-\)0.67 \\ Cooking fumes (\(C_{15}\)) & 1.57 & 2.22 & 3.79 & \(-\)0.65 \\ Customs (\(C_{16}\)) & 1.28 & 3.56 & 4.84 & \(-\)2.27 \\ River dust (\(C_{17}\)) & 0.73 & 1.85 & 2.57 & \(-\)1.12 \\ \hline
**Mobile air pollution sources (\(D_{2}\))** & **0.33** & **0.38** & **0.71** & **\(-\)0.04** \\ \hline Diesel vehicles (\(C_{21}\)) & 2.20 & 3.58 & 5.79 & \(-\)1.38 \\ Scooters (\(C_{22}\)) & 1.83 & 2.45 & 4.29 & \(-\)0.62 \\ Ship emissions (\(C_{23}\)) & 0.88 & 3.26 & 4.14 & \(-\)2.38 \\ Railway transportation (\(C_{24}\)) & 2.21 & 3.26 & 5.46 & \(-\)1.05 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 2: Sum of influences given and received for constructing the influential network relation map (INRM).  
Figure 2: INRM of dimensions and criteria.  
The matrix \(W^{\alpha}\) is the transposed matrix of \(T^{\alpha}\). Subsequently, the matrix \(W\) was obtained. The IWs of the DANP could be obtained by limiting the power of \(W\) until it reaches a steady state. The global weights and local weights of the dimensions and criteria were obtained based on the IWs from the DANP; subsequently, the DANP was combined with the VIKOR method to assess the effectiveness of existing air pollution control measures in Kaohsiung, as shown in Table 3.