# Secure Utilization of Beacons and UAVs in Emergency Response Systems for Building Fire Hazard
## 1 Introduction
Since a security manager app is used to remotely monitor the interior and exterior of the building and to access the emergency response systems, it is vital that only a legitimate security manager should be capable of accessing the app and communicating with the emergency response system. To ensure this is the case, we use a bio-metric authentication method using fingerprint identification. Another key aspect of our system is the integration of UAVs. Our UAV-EMOR system supports enhanced coordination between smart sensors and indoor/outdoor drones in order to expand real-time monitoring coverage. The existing research on UAV-assisted monitoring and warning systems mainly focuses on environmental monitoring and emergency response for natural disasters [7; 8; 9; 10; 11; 12; 13; 14]. In our work, we introduce a more dynamic monitoring approach, which uses adaptive indoor/outdoor UAVs to expand monitoring coverage for buildings and territory around them. Indoor UAVs are assigned to each floor of a building, while outdoor UAVs are used to monitor the exterior. This allows our system to monitor the blind spots that the fixed CCTV of conventional systems cannot capture. Unmanned all-terrain vehicle(ATV) can be utilized for monitoring instead of indoor drones [19]. However, we are only considering devices that can be operated for indoor monitoring without any problem even in an emergency situation. In a disaster situation where buildings are collapsing, ATVs are difficult to get into the room and to move in situations where users are evacuating quickly. ATVs can have visibility issues that the UAV would not have since the UAV would be able to move above and around the flames. ATVs would have benefits in other ways, but their size makes them difficult to stock many in the building itself. More UAVs could be kept on site. While the battery may become an issue, the UAV only has to fly for a short time to collect data and would not necessarily run out of battery. Plus, a large enough supply of smaller UAVs could offset the battery issue. Therefore, an emergency response method using indoor UAVs is more effective than ATVs. Finally, our UAV-EMOR system provides beacon-aided rescue and building evacuation. There is a distinct need to improve emergency response methods so building occupants can be more efficiently and safely evacuated during emergency situations. There are currently several approaches [20; 21; 22] that attempt to track the location of individuals inside of buildings. However, they are not precise enough to be practicable or they require an active response from a user, which may not be possible during certain types of emergencies. For example, some systems use the global positioning system(GPS) of users' smartphones for location, but GPS-based location information cannot be calculated accurately indoors [23]. Other systems use a variety of sensors like ultrasonic, near-field communication and radio frequency signals, but those systems are overly dependent on battery power and require active interaction from users [20; 21; 22]. Fixed location beacons are also in use and require very little battery power, though they suffer from the same issue as sensors, as they are dependent on user interaction [24; 25]. In our approach, we take advantage of the beacon's low battery consumption and increase its effectiveness by assigning an individual beacon to every person inside a building. This is accomplished by incorporating beacons into smart ID cards that are issued to all building occupants. Using Bluetooth technology, such beacons constantly transmit the unique ID and real-time location of the wearer to all smart sensors and drones. The beacons have no on/off function, so there is never any danger of accidentally disabling the device; nor do they require active input from the user, so they can be used to locate users who are perhaps too badly injured to activate a device or who are unconscious. Furthermore, since beacon signals can transmit through building walls, users can be located even inside of collapsed buildings.