## 4 Discussion
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Food Rich in** & & & & & & & & \\
**Polyphenols/Body** & **Body Fat** & **Muscle** & **Body** & **BMI** & **BMR** & **Waist** & **Hip** & **Bone** \\
**Composition** & & & & & & & **Circumference** & **Circumference** & **Mass** \\ \hline Red wine & - & - & - & 0.003 & - & - & 0.030 & - \\ Tomato & 0.022 & - & - & - & - & - & - & - \\ Sour cherry & 0.024 & - & - & 0.018 & - & - & - & - \\ Strawberry & - & - & - & - & - & - & 0.011 & \\ Carrot & - & - & - & - & - & 0.022 & 0.015 & - \\ Red pepper & - & - & - & - & - & - & 0.020 & - \\ Dark chocolate & - & - & - & - & - & 0.003 & - & - \\ Cocoa powder & - & - & - & - & - & 0.022 & - & - \\ Black tea & - & - & - & - & - & - & 0.009 & - \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} The values in the cells represent pv \(<\) 0.05 from ANOVA Bonferroni analysis, from associations with F \(>\) 1. The table presents negative associations in anthropometric indicators with statistically significant differences between higher and lower consumption of each food.  
\end{table} 
Table 4: Association among the consumption foods rich in polyphenols with anthropometric indices. ology has been studied by evaluating the whole nutrients and phytochemicals, that contain polyphenols, and are attributed to their synergistic actions [20; 21; 22; 23; 24; 25; 26; 27; 28; 48; 49]. Polyphenols are basic phytochemicals of fruits, vegetables, herbs, greens, coffee, olive oil, nuts, wine, and a plethora of Mediterranean diets' traditional functional foods [3; 23; 24; 25]. Several studies have also correlated polyphenols intake with Mediterranean diet adoption. In the PRED-IMED study, the increase in polyphenols intake from a Mediterranean diet was associated with decreased inflammatory biomarkers and improved cardiovascular risk factors [29]. [PERSON] et al., in 1937 adults from southern Italy, observed that the intake of polyphenols was higher in individuals more adherent to the Mediterranean diet. Specific subclasses, such as lignans, anthocyanins, and flavanones, had a linear positive association with higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet, while others had a non-linear association [30]. [PERSON] et al. concluded that the possible effect of the Mediterranean diet on human health depends on multifactorial procedures, including human genetic variations and food composition differences [29]; so, the exact correlation of polyphenols intake from the Mediterranean diet with human health is difficult to be determined. An important result of the present study was that high adherence to the Mediterranean diet was correlated with decreased BMI, waist circumference, and waist-to-hip ratio, and in parallel, high polyphenols intake was correlated with decreased waist-to-hip ratio. These results are highly underlined due to the lack of enough data from similar studies. In last few years, there has been a need to develop nutritional policies aimed at prevention of obesity and metabolic syndrome. Polyphenols, as major bioactive compounds of the Mediterranean diet, have been studied as possible factors that may positively affect plasma lipids, insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus, inflammatory progress, weight gain, and body mass index, as well as waist-to-hip ratio [8; 29; 46; 47]. The Mediterranean diet is emerging as a key strategy for improving metabolic biomarkers, as several studies have concluded that Mediterranean diet adherence is related to a decreased risk of obesity, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, osteoporosis, and hypertension [36; 38; 41; 48; 49; 50; 51; 52; 53]. The results of the present study indicate a possible synergistic effect of Mediterranean diets' bioactive compounds, including polyphenols, on body composition.