# Fuzzy Decision Algorithm for Health Impact Assessment in a 5G Environment
## 4 The Internet of Things (IoT) and the 5G Network--Knowledge and Doubt  
Thanks to the spread of the Internet of Things (IoT), smart concepts are being involved in our environment. Today, we unconsciously belong to the mainstream IoT population using cell phones for playing video games, listening to music, looking for parking lots, making appointments, booking hotels, etc. The future living and working environment (Figure 3) in Industry 5.0 will strictly depend on IoT management frameworks [17]. Almost all emerging platforms (the Industrial Internet of Things--IIoT, te Military Internet of Things--MIoT, the Tackle Internet of Things--TioT, etc.) are powered by communication systems and computer networks (optical and wireless) [18]. The merge of the IoT with 5G is seen as a powerful synergy that can unlock new possibilities and revolutionize various industries. It is important to understand the potential benefits of both technologies. Continuous research and security and protection measures are necessary to exploit these technologies addressing any concerns that may arise. Higher telecommunication frequencies and shorter wavelengths should enable fast and reliable data exchange [19]. The 5G network has emerged in response to the IoT requirements, enabling significantly higher data transfer rates and lower latency times. The frequency of 6 GHz represents the cut-off frequency between microwaves and millimeter waves. Millimeter wave technology is a critical component of 5G networks that promises to revolutionize the telecommunications industry. For RFs lower than 6 GHz, we can apply existing knowledge and findings, as well as recommendations and restrictions presented in ICNIRP (1998-2010), which have been proven by existing knowledge and research. However, the emergence of the 5G network presupposes the introduction of ten and more times higher frequencies than the 3G and 4G mobile networks. In addition to high expectations, the 5G network has certain limitations in terms of short distances (up to 300 m) and signal attenuation due to obstacles and atmospheric precipitation (Figure 4). Another challenge associated with millimeter wave technology is interference. The millimeter wave frequency range is highly congested, and multiple devices operating in the same frequency range can interfere with each other, resulting in signal degradation. Figure 3: Smart energy, industrial and urban environments: (1) smart wind farms, (2) smart solar power plants, (3) smart nuclear power plants, (4) smart sports halls, (5) smart office and residential buildings, (6) smart hydropower plants, (7) smart thermal power plants, (8) smart factories, and (9) smart airports. The following solutions successfully overcome the limitation of 5G millimeter waves technology (Figure 5):  
1. Beamforming: Beamforming is a technique used to direct the transmission and reception of signals in a specific direction. It enables millimeter wave signals to be directed towards the user, reducing path loss and the improving signal strength. 2. Massive MIMO: Massive MIMO (multiple input multiple output) is another technique that can overcome the limitations of millimeter wave technology. It involves the use of multiple antennas at the base station and the user's device, allowing multiple signals to be transmitted and received simultaneously, resulting in improved signal strength and reduced interference. 3. Hybrid Beamforming: Hybrid beamforming is a combination of beamforming and massive MIMO, allowing the antenna array to steer the beam in a specific direction while still maintaining the benefits of MIMO. Obviously, the 5G millimeter range (Figure 6) leads to new health requirements according to some researchers. Figure 4: Limitations of 5G millimeter waves: all obstacles (rain, plants, and buildings) can attenuate the 5G signal [20]. Figure 5: Beamforming techniques for avoiding obstacles using a bunch of low-power pole transceivers and wall transceivers [21]. There are two frequency bands of the 5G mobile network:  
1.