## 3 Results and Discussion  
_Calibration Curves:_ Analyzing the standard stock solutions (100 mg mL\({}^{-1}\)) of sugars, five times the average retention times of the 16 examined sugars were determined (Table 2). The standard solutions were further analyzed five times and the mean of the repetitions was used to create the calibration curves. The equations of the standard curves of the studied sugars are given in Table 3. All calibration curves showed good linearity in the concentration range of 0.2 to 40 mg mL\({}^{-1}\) for fructose and glucose, 0.1 to 20 mg mL\({}^{-1}\) for sucrose and 0.1 to 10 mg mL\({}^{-1}\) for the other sugars, as they all had a high correlation coefficient (R) (\(\geq\)0.965) (Figure S1). The LOD values were 0.022 and 0.030 mg mL\({}^{-1}\) for fructose and glucose, respectively, while for the other sugars ranged from 0.005 mg mL\({}^{-1}\) to 0.029 mg mL\({}^{-1}\). The LOX values were 0.074 and 0.099 mg mL\({}^{-1}\) for fructose and glucose, respectively, whereas for the other sugars ranged from 0.017 mg mL\({}^{-1}\) to 0.099 mg mL\({}^{-1}\). _Supplementary feedings:_ Analyzing the syrups and the candy paste, we found that the inverted syrup was composed of fructose, glucose and maltose in concentrations of 19.7%, 17.7% and 28.1%, respectively. In turn, the sugar syrup had fructose, glucose and melezitose in small quantities (1.6%, 4.8% and 5.8%, respectively) and sucrose in high concentrations (34.9%). Finally, the candy paste was composed of fructose, glucose and sucrose in concentrations of 2.3%, 3.2% and 72.1%, respectively. Thus, Groups A and B were fed with syrup with concentrations of maltose, while Groups C, D and E received supplements with high concentration of sucrose. _Effect of feeding quantity:_ Comparing through \(t\)-test the honey samples of Group A with Group B (commercial inverted syrup) and Group C with Group D (sugar syrup) (Table 1), which received the same type of feeding but a different amount, we found a similar carbohydrate profile between the compared groups. The p\({}_{\rm value}\) of the detected sugars ranged from 0.082 to 0.695 and from 0.509 to 0.580 in groups with inverted syrup and groups with sugar syrup, respectively, showing that the amount of feeding (0.5 and 2.0 L per day) for the two different kinds, seem not to affect the sugar content of the produced honey samples significantly. _Effect of sampling time:_ A \(t\)-test was also applied in the examined groups for the effect of sampling time on honey's adulteration, where non- significant differences were observed between the first and the second collection regarding the studied characteristics (\(p\): 0.134-0.739, \(>\)\(\alpha\) = 0.05). _Effect of feeding type:_ Given that the feeding quantity had no effect on the carbohydrate composition, the groups were examined only for the effect of feeding type. Analyzing the samples (Figure S2), significant differences were observed between the feeding groups (\(p\) = 0.00 \(<\)\(\alpha\) = 0.05), highlighting the effect of the supplementary feeding on the carbohydrate profile of the honey and the invertase units (Table 3). The main sugars fructose and glucose were found in all honey samples, with the control and candy paste groups showing significantly higher concentrations compared to the other groups. Moreover, samples derived from groups fed with the invert syrup showed significantly higher levels of maltose, which may be explained by the fact that most commercial invert syrups are made from isoglucose or other composite sugars, such as maltose, which was contained in the inverted syrup used in this study. Likely,