## 1 Introduction
### Background and Related Works
#### 1.1.2 Technologies in Smart Classrooms  
Software, models, and architectures have been proposed or used in previous studies to address smart classrooms related issues. In Reference [17], a multi-agent software framework called \"The Open Agent Architecture (OAA)\" [18] was used to build a classroom with two smart on-wall interactive boards for tele-education. In Referece [19], an infrastructure named \"Smart Platform\" was proposed to resolve communication issues between agents for tele-education application. In Referece [20] a system named \"Network Education Ware (NEW)\" [21] was proposed to address network bandwidth issues by adopting open source software applications. In Reference [22], a middleware named CAMPS was proposed. For addressing context-aware issues for distance learning and key factors of a smart classroom, such as user, location, time, activity, service, environment, and platform, are defined in the context structure of [22]. In Reference [23], a synchronized distance learning system named \"Open Smart Classroom\" was proposed and web service technology is used for providing functions such as remote software control, file upload, and adding new remote classrooms, including mobile devices, to a synchronize live course. Important technical features in different types of smart classrooms are also discussed in previous studies. In Reference [24], key factors of a smart classroom, such as voice recognition, computer vision, software for remote students, interactive media board, voice recognition, computer vision, live video, and pervasive computing, are clearly stated. The Radio-frequency identification (RFID) is wildly used in various kinds of applications such as door security, personnel management, transportations, and digital wallets. In Reference [25], the authors developed a smart classroom system based on near-field communication (NFC), which is a variation of RFID. The proposed system is used to perform student attendance management function and real-time interactive function, the result shows that the interactive functions have positive impacts on students' learning attitudes. Interactive whiteboard technology (IWBT) is an important feature in smart classrooms. In Reference [26], studies related to the effect of using IWBT and user responses are reviewed. The result shows that IWBT is an appropriate teaching tool in certain conditions. Advantages and disadvantages of IWBT are also described in Reference [26], Technical problems and misconfigurations of hardware can be a major reason for user dissatisfaction. In Reference [27], authors state that large projected displays have good impacts on student groups' internal interactions and collaborations and help teachers to observe the state of the whole class. In Reference [28], the learning outcome of technology-rich classrooms and multi-media classrooms is analyzed. As a result, wireless display and shared screens for students in the classroom are crucial for sharing learning outcomes and promoting interaction. And in Reference [29], authors state that digital natives are reliant on using graphics for communication. Although teachers may not feel comfortable with cameras and video-recording devices [26], these devices are necessary for distance learning, course content producing, and presentation live streaming. In Reference [30], a survey on role of IoT in education, items such as interactive whiteboards, tablets and mobile devices, 3-D printers, eBooks, student ID cards, temperature sensors, security cameras, electric lighting, attendance tracking systems and wireless door locks, are listed as common IoT devices in smart classroom. Challenges for integrating IoT and education, such as security and privacy, reliable Wi-Fi connection, management issues, and cost are also stated in Reference [28]. In Reference [31], a case of using augmented reality in smart classroom was discussed. The result shows that criteria of motivation, learning curve, and memorization of the students in the experimental team are improved.