# Assessment of Laser Galvanometer Scanning System Accuracy Using Ball-Bar Standard  
[PERSON] 1  
Laboratory of Coordinate Metrology, Cracow University of Technology, al. [PERSON] 37, 31-864 Krakow, Poland; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (M.J.; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (W.H.); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (M.K.); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (J.A.S)  
2  
[PERSON]  
Laboratory of Coordinate Metrology, Cracow University of Technology, al. [PERSON] 37, 31-864 Krakow, Poland; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (M.J.; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (W.H.); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (M.K.); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (J.A.S)  
2  
[PERSON]  
Laboratory of Coordinate Metrology, Cracow University of Technology, al. [PERSON] 37, 31-864 Krakow, Poland; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (M.J.; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (W.H.); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (M.K.); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (J.A.S)  
2  
[PERSON]  
Laboratory of Coordinate Metrology, Cracow University of Technology, al. [PERSON] 37, 31-864 Krakow, Poland; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (M.J.; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (W.H.); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (M.K.); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (J.A.S)  
2  
Footnote 1: [[https://www.mdpi.com/journal/applsci](https://www.mdpi.com/journal/applsci)]([https://www.mdpi.com/journal/applsci](https://www.mdpi.com/journal/applsci))  
Footnote 2: [[https://www.mdpi.com/journals/pdf/10/07/](https://www.mdpi.com/journals/pdf/10/07/)]([https://www.mdpi.com/journals/pdf/10/07/](https://www.mdpi.com/journals/pdf/10/07/))  
light measurement model based on a galvanometer scanner and the proposal of a height calibration method are described in [7]. Field distortion, which strongly influences accuracy, and its compensation methods are described in [8; 9]. The proposal of calibration of galvanometer laser scanners using flat calibration boards is described in [10].  
The use of virtual techniques displaying templates on objects allows speeding up positioning (e.g., welded structures) and some control processes. Virtual support of the marking out process makes it possible to minimize the impact of human error on positioning precision. Eliminating or significantly reducing the use of manual measuring devices and tools used for marking out is possible. The time required to perform positioning and control operations is reduced, and there is no need for physical templates.  
However, there are also some disadvantages of using methods with a higher level of complexity than traditional approaches. It requires a more skilled operator with knowledge of CAD techniques and the basis of coordinate metrology. Moreover, the virtual positioning system must be treated in an appropriate manner as it is more susceptible to damage under industrial conditions than traditional templates.  
One of the main factors determining the usability of a measuring system is its accuracy. In the field of Coordinate Metrology, the accuracy of the system is usually referred to as Maximum Permissible Error (MPE) [11; 12]. The tested Faro laser projector is a device composed of two main components: a projection head, which is responsible for the projection of appropriate features, and an image-recording head, which enables the positioning of the entire system in relation to the tested object and simple metrological measurements. Until now, interim checks have been performed with the use of flat calibration boards. We found no publications on the use of CMM-typical standards for the accuracy testing of galvanometer laser scanners. Therefore, it was decided to perform such tests proposing a procedure based on the recommendations of ISO 10360.  
The following aims and objectives were defined:  
* Analysis of the use of the Galvanometer Laser Scanner as a coordinate measuring system.
* Selection of a reference standard.
* Analysis of the system's ability to measure 2D and 3D standards.
* Analysis of system repeatability.
* System accuracy assess based on the ISO 10360 group of standards--the procedure adaptation due to hardware and software limitations.