# Adjuvant Effects of _Lavandula angustifolia_ Oil in Experimental Carrageenanan-Induced Thrombosis
## 4 Discussion  
Our results indicate that the administration of lavender oil as an adjuvant before nadroparin calcium therapy (Fraixparine) has dose-dependent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects in carrageenan-induced thrombosis. The role of oxidative stress has been emphasized in the onset and advancement of inflammation and coagulation intricated processes [28]. Oxidative stress is a pathological state that occurs due to an imbalance between the synthesis of free radicals and the capacity of antioxidant systems to counteract their effects. The induction of oxidative stress can potentially trigger the formation of thrombi. The onset of endothelial dysfunction caused by oxidative stress may contribute to thrombus formation by decreasing the synthesis of anti-thrombotic molecules and increasing the production of Orthrombotic molecules. This phenomenon promotes the recruitment and adhesion of leukocytes and platelets to the endothelial surface, as well as the activation and aggregation of these circulating cells. Oxidative stress can alter the functionality of fibrinogen, leading to defective fibrin polymerization and the subsequent development of altered fibrin networks associated with a Orthrombotic phenotype [29]. Clinical data support the link between inflammation and thrombosis and show that inflammatory conditions increase the likelihood of thrombotic events [30]. In contrast, the release of thrombotic elements, including fibrinogen, factor V, and thrombin, can trigger inflammatory cascades, producing an accelerated inflammatory response. [PERSON] et al. [31] highlighted the involvement of tissue factor (TF) and other components of the extrinsic coagulation pathway, which play a crucial role in amplifying inflammatory response. [PERSON] and [PERSON] highlighted, in the context of dysregulation of angiotensin signaling in patients with SARS-CoV-2, the release of pro-inflammatory (e.g., TNF\(\alpha\) and RANTES), Orthrombotic (e.g., TXA2), platelet-activating factor (PAF) molecules, and a possible increase in MCP-1 levels, which can enhance both inflammation and platelet activation [32]. Linalool and linalyl acetate are aromatic compounds derived mainly from plants, especially from the _Lamiaceae_ family, such as _Lavandula angustifolia_. The results show that the compounds can inhibit the activation of signaling pathways that influence the production and maintenance of inflammatory cytokines. In particular, linalool and linalyl acetate were found to inhibit the activation of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF-K\(\beta\)) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), suggesting the potential for their use as anti-inflammatory agents [17; 33]. Our study shows the efficacy of pretreatment with LO in the improvement of oxidative stress markers (Table 1, Figure 2). The pretreatment with LO induced an increase in total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and plasma levels of thiol in a dose-dependent manner, with the best results being achieved by the group with the highest dose (Table 2 and Figure 3). Our results are consistent with reported results in the scientific literature, namely elevated levels of MDA [34; 35]. Our results are also consistent with findings reported on specific diseases. [PERSON] et al. [36] demonstrated the efficacy of _Lavandula angustifolia_ oil in reducing the oxidative stress on renal ischemia. [PERSON] et al. [37] found evidence of the effectiveness of LO in decreasing malondialdehydehyde (MDA) levels and increasing total antioxidant capacity in broiler chickens. Linalool and linalyl acetate, the main components of _Citrus myrtifolia_ and _Lavandula angustifolia_, showed significant anti-inflammatory properties by effectively reducing NOx and MCP-1 levels [38]. Our results suggest that _Lavandula angustifolia_ oil has anti-inflammatory properties attributed to its primary active components, linalool and linalyl acetate. The anti-inflammatory effect is evident in the modulation of inflammatory cytokine levels.