## 1 Introduction
Although this approach can provide some parking spaces to facilitate urban parking, the number is limited, and it still cannot fully fulfill the parking demand during peak urban traffic hours. To find out the available parking spaces in the city, the shared parking spaces are not only expanded from the standard parking lots of government units, community houses, or government public houses, but also private enterprises or private homes. The considerations for the release of different types of shared parking spaces may be different. Some studies have found that owners of private parking spaces may be more concerned about benefits [13], but citizens of different scales may also have different considerations [14]. For residential areas, there may be other management considerations [15]. Some studies have also shown that the shared parking space strategy has certain risks [16]. This strategy does not always guarantee that the site owners can profit smoothly but may make them compete with traditional parking lot operators, so the effect of different locations is not the same. However, it is worth noting that, compared with considerable costs to build parking lots, for governments around the world, actively promoting and advocating the use of shared parking spaces is still a more feasible solution to the urban parking problem. Although the government actively encourages the use of public transportation and reduces the cost of public transit, the habit of people driving by themselves is still difficult to change, and excessive restraint on driving will also harm the auto industry. Under the consideration of multi-party policies, the parking problem will gradually be handled in the direction of price-based quantity. Since the parking lot currently only provides parking services based on a fixed parking fee per hour, obviously, all drivers will grab a parking space on a first-come-first-served basis. As long as one parks in a parking space, because the hourly fee is fixed and low, one will not cherish the parking space, and it is more likely that one will park for a few hours or a day. Prolonged stopping is the main culprit behind the low efficiency of urban public parking spaces. Especially in the city center or places with dense parking demand, if the parked vehicles cannot leave early, it will be a big problem for more drivers who need to park but have no space to park. Recently, studies have pointed out that the parking problem may be improved by using different pricing strategies [17]. To improve the situation of long-term parking, some parking lots have adopted a progressive rate method to increase the parking fee as the parking time becomes longer. Such an adjustment will indeed improve the long-term parking of vehicles and will also release more parking spaces in each parking lot to some extent. However, for the city center with intensive parking demand, it is still impossible to change the habit of the public who like to drive by themselves. If there is no parking space in a specific parking lot, the driver only needs to find a nearby parking lot with vacancies to park, which is also a behavior shown in general driving. If all parking spaces in the adjacent area can be priced according to the current supply and demand in the market, the situation may be different [18]. That is, the hourly parking fee should not be fixed. It can be cheap when no vehicles are parked and expensive when many cars rush for a space. The parking lot should constantly announce the latest hourly parking space number and let drivers know the possible parking fee at a certain point in the future so that they can judge whether to leave early. In addition, it can also be used as a reference index for pricing individual driving needs according to the actual conditions related to the car owner, such as the driving destination, the number of people in the car, and the walking time [19]. To do this, one must first be able to quickly grasp the supply and demand of all adjacent parking spaces in the area.