## 2 Utilization of Various Nano-Modified Coatings for Corrosion Mitigation
### Self-Healing-Based Nano-Modified Coating
Figure 8 shows the impedance graphs for the working electrode in HCl media for the following conditions: (A) Nyquist in the lack and presence of numerous PAC doses; (B) Nyquist in the lack and presence of numerous nanocomposite inhibitors at 250 ppm; (C) Bode and (D) phase angle depictions in the lack and presence of numerous PAC doses at 323 K. The Nyquist curves clearly show that an increase in the quantity of nanocomposites causes a concomitant increase in the capacitance loops' width. The Nyquist diagram's non-ideal half-circle characteristic might be explained by considering surface roughness as a result of the formation of an adherent nanocomposite coating that was gathered alongside the corrosion byproduct. In both the untreated and treated media, the Nyquist curves show that there is just one capacitive looping and no inductive looping. The values obtained in the intermediate frequency region of the phase angle curve (Figure 8D) vary from 51.1 for the uninhibited metal to 87.5 with an increment in the PAC concentration. The maximum phase shift in the intermediate frequencies' ranges was 90\({}^{\circ}\) in the case of an ideal capacitor. Therefore, the capacitive regimen in the presence of nanocomposites was improved by the phase angle strategy approaching the values of the angle 90\({}^{\circ}\) in the existence of PAC. Similarly, in an attempt to assess the corrosion protection effectiveness for straight-to-coating materials, [PERSON] et al. [75] added CeO\({}_{2}\) NPs to aqueous adhesives with up to 70% biobased composition. In this, isobornyl methacrylate monomers and 2-octyl acrylate were batch miniemulsion-polymerized with a phosphate polymerizable surfactant (Sipomer PAM200), resulting in the creation of phosphate-functionalized elastomers. These adhesives might be applied directly to steel, allowing the functionalized polymer granules to react with the metals and form a thick phosphatization barrier across the polymer and metals to prevent rapid corrosion. As per the EIS studies, the in situ integration of the CeO\({}_{2}\) NPs throughout the polymerization procedure resulted in their uniform dispersion in the finished polymer layer, producing exceptional anti-corrosion efficacy. Following 41 days (about 1000 h) of soaking in a NaCl H\({}_{2}\)O medium, steel substrates covered with the composite polymer coating (30-40 m thick) demonstrated decent barrier corrosion protection and active inhibitory capabilities because of the existence of CeO\({}_{2}\) NPs. This research pavesthe way for the creation of environmentally friendly hybrid anticorrosion waterborne films. [PERSON] et al. [76] showed that LDH films formed on the permeable interface of the PE film were functionalized using WO3 implanted onto the substrate. Owing to the excellent durability of the albumin-WO3 composite, the electrochemical analyses in a 3.5 wt.% NaCl medium demonstrated that the altered LDH layer (LDH-ALB-WO3 film) successfully collected the chloride anions throughout the corrosion experiment. It was discovered that the layer constructed from the PE coating became dense when the interface of the LDH layer was decorated with WO3 NP-functionalized albumin molecules. The composite covering created in this work was regarded as a smart-healing layer for actively preventing the corrosion of Mg alloys. In addition, the flake-like structure containing albumin and WO3 NPs obtained in this work is suggested to improve the functional characteristics of the AZ31 Mg alloy. By using Diels-Alder (DA) bonds to cross-link the PU prepolymer usingfuran-altered CeO\({}_{2}\) and create a unique NIR-triggered self-healing anti-corrosion covering, [PERSON] et al. [77] were able to successfully prevent mild steel (MS) from corroding when it was damaged. A variety of techniques were used to precisely characterize the produced NP and PU coatings.