## 3 Results and Discussion
### Developed Technologies for Exhausted Adsorbent and Desorption Solution Disposal
#### 3.5.3 Stabilization of Exhausted EGS@APTES-GT Material in UPe-Based Composites
Dynamic-Mechanical Testing of Composite Materials  
The composites' reinforcement with exEGS was studied in relation to the mechanical properties. For instance, fly ash, recycled nylon fibers, and lightweight expanded glass aggregates can be used to create sustainable textile-reinforced cementitious composites [70]. The economics of recycling such composites could be revolutionized by the regeneration of the recovered glass fiber performance [71]. Table 6 displays the mechanical and dynamic-mechanical property results of polyester-based composites with varying exEGS contents. The values of Young's modulus and the tensile strength of the composites with an increasing filler percentage are displayed in Table 6. When compared to the unreinforced resin, the composite's tensile strength is improved. The maximum strength of 28.31 MPa was observed with 10 wt.% of filler loading. It was observed that when the amount of filler grew, the exEGS particle reinforced the unsaturated polyester composite's tensile modulus. With the addition of 10 wt.% exEGS particles, the Young's modulus increased by 30.1% compared to pure resin. In the literature, it was found that there is an improvement in the mechanical properties of composites with waste glass [72]. Glass mirror scraps and poly(vinyl)butyral (PVB) waste from flat glass-producing facilities were the focus of [PERSON] et al. 's [73] research as raw materials for composites. The findings demonstrated that, out of all the compositions examined, the composite with 10% by weight of the filler  
A DMA analysis was used to examine the thermomechanical characteristics of cured neat UPe resin and various composite systems with _ex_EGS, meaning the viscoelastic characteristics of the cross-linked matrix and the resulting composites at temperatures ranging from 40 to 150 \({}^{\circ}\)C. Figure 10a depicts how the sample's storage modulus (G\({}^{\prime}\)) changes with the temperature. The difference in the G\({}^{\prime}\) composition can be caused by a number of causes. These consist of elements like fiber-matrix interfacial interactions, filler dispersion, the reinforcement type, and the matrix type [74; 75]. For all samples, G\({}^{\prime}\) decreases as the temperature rises, which is in line with higher temperatures causing more displacements of polymer segments [76]. The temperature at which the maximum damping factor value (tan \(\delta\)) is attained is known as the glass transition temperature (Tg). The damping factor graphs of composite materials with varying proportions of exEGS (2.5 wt.%, 5.0 wt.%, 7.5 wt.%, and 10 wt.%) are displayed in Figure 10c and the relevant parameters such as the \(T_{\text{g}}\) and tan \(\delta\) peak high values are presented in Table 6. The composite materials lose less energy when there is good contact. Better interfacial adhesion inside the filler and resin matrix is indicated by a lower peak height [77]. The tan \(\delta\) height values for cured neat UPe resin and the resulting composites are comparable but with discrete differences. Figure 11 shows the average microhardness values of composite samples with different exEGS amounts. It was observed that with an increase in the proportion of particles (exEGS), there is an increase in the microhardness of the composite compared to the pure matrix. For composites with 7.5 wt.% of exEGS particles, the microhardness increased by 33.7%. After, a slow decrease was found. [PERSON] et al. [78] reported a similar pattern while studying polyurethane (PU)-milled light bulb glass composites. [PERSON] et al. discovered that the microhardness rises with the percentage of reinforcement [79]. Moreover, the literature data, presented in Table S3, related to the mechanical properties of the composites based on different UPRs, are not of a wide distribution, and mainly, the values of the tensile strength are in the range found for the UPe/_ex_EGS 2.5-10 wt.% composites (Table 6).