## 1 Introduction  
Internet of Things (IoT) aims to connect objects, including drones, high-speed trains, mobile users and the like, at any time and place [1]. The growing spread of IoT, Internet of Vehicles (IoV), Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) and Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communication technologies has received widespread attention. IoV, V2I, V2V and V2X technologies also have great potential as one of the main scenarios of next-generation mobile communication technologies. Multimedia transmission and transmission for autonomous driving can be considered as application examples within these technologies in intelligent vehicles, known as smart vehicles. In this context, significant improvements are needed in terms of ultra-high reliability and high quality of service. Formal methods used in the IoT environment for connected vehicle protocols can be found in [2, 3, 4]. IoT systems have to be able to operate in unpredictable mobile environments, such as moving vehicles [5]. Mobile communication technologies are developing according to growing demands. The demands for mobile IoT-integrated device communications are seen as important because it is predicted that the number of mobile IoT-integrated devices will increase, and a large portion of these devices are predicted to be smart vehicles, smart transport systems and smart traffic systems. Mobility-related issues are important in this scope [6]. Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is a waveform commonly used in fourth-generation (4G) and fifth-generation (5G) cellular communication systems. OFDMhas found its place in practice as a good solution against inter-symbol interference (ISI) effects that usually appear in wideband communication channels. But the Doppler effects caused by high mobility causes performance degradation in existing systems that include OFDM waveform transmissions in mobile communications. Time-varying channels because of mobile environments create inter-carrier interference (ICI) effects on OFDM waveforms. For this reason, a new appropriate waveform known as orthogonal time frequency space (OTFS) modulation has been developed, especially for time-varying channels. OTFS modulation has been developed to deal with time-varying fading as well as Doppler spread in channel under high mobility conditions. OTFS can transform the time-varying channel into one that is stable, separable in the delay-Doppler domain and that can bypass the fast-fading channel characteristic. At the same time, OTFS shifts the information in the delay-Doppler domain instead of the time-frequency domain to achieve complete time and frequency diversity. Additionally, channel sparsity in the delay-Doppler domain can also be utilized by OTFS to enhance system performance. OTFS is convenient for mobile communications especially in cases of high mobility conditions, as well as Internet of Things (IoT), ultra-reliable low-latency communications and advanced mobile broadband scenarios. Information symbols put in the delay-Doppler domain can be converted to the standard time-frequency domain used in conventional waveforms such as OFDM [2; 7; 8]. OTFS for vehicular networks (such as drones, high-speed trains and automobiles), OTFS for underwater acoustic communications, OTFS for non-terrestrial networks (such as LEO satellite communication networks), and OTFS for high-frequency-band (mmWave and THz bands) communications can be considered as practical examples or case studies of OTFS modulations [1]. One of the most important distortion effects on transmitted signals seen in the wireless channels is known as fading caused by multipath propagation. One of the techniques to overcome fading effects is to use multi-antenna systems like multi-input multi-output (MIMO) systems. This technique falls within the scope of antenna diversity. In recent years, research on MIMO structures and code design suitable for these structures has found wide coverage in the literature.