## 3 Results and Discussion
### Determination of FAs in Vegetable Oils
According to Table 3, the composition of sunflower oil's FAs showed an absence of some FAs, namely myristic acid C14:0 and gondoic acid C20:1. The content of palmitoleic acid C16:1 was in a range of up to 0.3%. Saturated stearic acid C18:0 did not exceed the limit of 6.5% (5.26%). Linoleic acid C18:2n6c (66.32%) was dominant in the composition of triglycerides of the sunflower oil sample. Oleic acid C18:1 was present in an amount of 18.46%. The content of palmitic acid C16:0 was 7.24%. Sunflower oil's FA contents were the same as the Codex Stan values [39]. Similar to safflower oil, sunflower oil's main FA components significantly depend on the growing area [48] and the refining processes [49]. The content of linolenic acid C18:3n6c was 0.17%, and the contents of the SFA arachidonic acid C20:0, behenic acid C22:0 and lignoceric acid C24:0 were 0.23%, 0.44% and 0.11%, respectively. Many sources reported [47; 50; 51; 52] the same results of SFA variations (10.7-13.3%). But, [PERSON] et al. [50] and [PERSON] et al. [52] showed lower PUFA ratios, at 57.4 and 59.5%, respectively, which are similar to other sources' results [47; 51] as well as to the Kazakhstan sunflower oil results, 63.5-67.6%, respectively (Table 4, Figure S5). Figure 3: Average values of the SFA, MUFA and PUFA groups (percentage of total FA) in the vegetable oils. The chemical composition of maize oil was similar to that of sunflower oil [53]. According to Table 3, there was no lauric acid C12:0 or myristic acid C14:0 in the maize oil sample. Some sources have reported the presence of medium-chain fatty acids, such as C12:0 and C14:0 [54]. The FA components of maize oil were close to the Codex Stan [39] requirements but had slight deviations in the content of oleic acid C18:1 (23.36%, normally 20.0-42.0%) and linoleic acid C18:2n6c (62.36%, normally 34.0-65.0%). Our analysis of maize oil's FAs showed a significantly higher value for PUFAs [55], namely 59%. The SFA palmitic acid C16:0 and stearic acid C18:0 had values of 8.33% and 3.72%, respectively. [PERSON] et al. [5] reported a higher percentage of MUFAs (33.0%) that was significantly different than Kazakhstan oil producers, where MUFAs consisted only 23.7%. The samples indicated the most important components of linseed oil, which caused its high biological activity: linolenic acid C18:3n6c, 56.01%; oleic acid C18:1n9c, 17.52%; and linoleic acid C18:2n6c, 15.54%. The total content of PUFAs was 72%, which was in line with the major USFA values found by other authors [56; 57]. The content of the SFAs were as follows: stearic acid C18:0, 4.26%; palmitic acid C16:0, 5.84%; and arachidonic acid C20:0, 0.11%. Depending on the specific FA composition, linseed oil belongs to the group of oils with a linolenic acid content of more than 20%. The investigated FA contents had great differences in several factors, such as genetic factors, geographical site, growth factors, environmental conditions and processing conditions [58; 59]. [PERSON] et al. [51] and [PERSON] [47] reported the same results for SFAs (8.8-10.3%), MUFAs (17.7-19.6%) and PUFAs (71.6-73.5%) with Kazakhstan's linseed oil producer's results. According to Table 3, the composition of cottonseed oil samples was characterized by the following composition of major FAs: linoleic acid C18:2n6c, 55.93%; oleic acid C18:1n9c,  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Oil Type**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Data Sources**} & \multicolumn{10}{c}{**Fatty Acids Contents, \%**} \\ \cline{3-14}  & & **C14:0** & **C16:0** & **C16:1** & **C18:0** & **C18:1** & **C18:2** & **C18:3** & **C20:0** & **C20:1** & **C22:0** & **C22:1** & **C24:0** \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{ \begin{tabular}{c} Safflower \\ oil \\ \end{tabular}  } & Kazakhstan’s & - & 6.90 & 0.09 & 2.50 & 15.50 & 74.25 & 0.07 & 0.23 & 0.08 & 0.12 & - & 0.07 \\ \cline{2-14}  & [PERSON] [47] & 0.12 & 7.41 & 0.04 & 2.36 & 14.37 & 75.17 & 0.05 & 0.08 & - & 0.10 & - & - \\ \cline{2-14}  & [PERSON] et al.