## 2 Materials and Methods
### PV Array Reconfiguration Mechanism with Adaptive Part  
The reconfiguration method presented in this study is based on creating the rows of the PV array with panels exposed to similar irradiance as much as possible. Thus, the efficiency loss caused by current limitation in the modules can be minimized by flowing the currents closest to each other in series connected submodules. Since the radiant intensity directly affects the short circuit current (\(Isc\)) (1), the short circuit current of each row of the array will be closest to each other. Constant dimming switching of the adaptive panels will provide higher power compared to the initial state of the PV array. In the developed reconfiguration algorithm, the following equations are used for each possible connection structure:  
\[I_{sc(i)}=I_{sc(Fi)}+I_{sc(A)}\ (i=1,\ 2,\ \ldots\ldots,\ m) \tag{2}\]  
\[\max I=\max[I_{sc(1)},I_{sc(2)},\ldots\ldots\ I_{sc(m)}] \tag{3}\]  
\[\min I=\min[I_{sc(1)},I_{sc(2)},\ldots\ldots\ I_{sc(m)}] \tag{4}\]  
\[CVI=\max I-\min I \tag{5}\]  
Here, \(I_{sc(Fi)}\) is the total short circuit current of each row of the fixed section. \(I_{scA}\) is the short circuit current of the adaptive panels that can be found in each row of the fixed section for each connection configuration. In the proposed method, the highest power that can be obtained from the array is provided by the connection configuration that ensures the smallest current variation index (CVI). This also means the connection structure with the least difference between the short circuit currents of the rows of the PV array. The GA-based algorithm developed in this article detects the connection configuration that provides the smallest CVI value by using Equations (2)-(5) for each possible connection.  
The block diagram showing the operation of the proposed method is given in Figure 4. Here, Iscs represent the short circuit currents of each panel belonging to the adaptive parts and each row of the fixed part. Using the vectors belonging to these currents, the solution space containing the probabilities of adaptive panels matching the fixed section is obtained in the MoDPCC block. The obtaining of this space is based on the representation logic  
Figure 3: Proposed PV array architecture with dual-adaptive and fixed parts.  
that any adaptive panel's line-by-line connection status is logic-1, and its non-connection status is logic-0. In the chromosome model generator module, the bit sequence representing the matching of adaptive panels with fixed ones is converted to the chromosome format that GA can use. In the genetic controller block, the configuration that has the possible connection structure in the solution space and where the highest power can be drawn from the PV array is obtained, and the relevant signals are sent to the switching matrix circuit (SMC).  
In real-time operation, the controller continuously monitors the power levels of the array. In dynamic shading conditions, any change inevitably affects the power output of the array. Therefore, when there is any change in the power level, the proposed method determines the optimal connection configuration to achieve the MPP under the new shading conditions.