## 1 Introduction  
The broad construction sector is transforming from high consumption, low output, and low productivity to a stage with high-quality products and advanced techniques, addressing sustainable development concerns. Following this trend, prefabricated buildings have been considered as a sustainable and efficient form of construction as an alternative to traditional building methods [1, 2]. The prefabricated building is described as a series of construction procedures in which building components are produced and manufactured in a factory, delivered to construction sites, and finally assembled on the spot into a final product [3]. In this way, prefabricated buildings have the advantages of reducing environmental burden [4], saving on-site construction labor [5], and improving productivity and project quality [6]. They are widely recognized as conscious efforts to reduce climate change and improve resource efficiency, contributing to sustainable development [2]. Such advantages have become the driving force behind the rapid growth of assembly construction. Hence, various countries all over the world are increasingly using modular construction techniques to transform residential buildings, schools, and hospitals [7]. In the context of prefabricated buildings, the supply chain is a contractor-centered construction network consisting of the owner, the designer, the contractor, the component manufacturing manufacturers, the logistics companies, and other stakeholders involved during the whole project, starting from the procurement of prefabricated components to the delivery of the completed project [8]. Unfavorable weather or sudden natural disasters, such as heavy rain or frost, can increase the difficulty of transport and assembly, leading to the risk of disruption or breakage in the prefabricated building supply chain [9]. At the same time, internal factors such as complicated links in the supply chain, a low level of cooperation among participants, and poor information sharing can also bring additional risks to the supply chain [10]. This not only threatens the continuity of business operations but also negatively impacts the general competitiveness of involved construction organizations [11]. Prefabricated building supply chain resilience represents the ability of organizations associated with the project to survive, adapt, and thrive in risky, uncertain, and changing situations [12]. The ability of a supply chain to recover quickly from a risky situation depends on its level of resilience [13]. Therefore, for prefabricated building projects to run smoothly, the supply chain needs to be strengthened. In other words, more efforts are required to enhance the supply chain resilience of prefabricated buildings. Along with the construction industry's digital transformation progress, building information modeling (BIM) has gradually increased as the core driving technology for the digital development of modular construction [14]. BIM technology is able to connect information related to building design, procurement, and construction, and hence promote coordination, cooperation, information sharing, and integration among various project participants in the supply chain [15]. BIM can not only facilitate the digitalization of supply chains and help automate decision making for business operations, but it can also enhance supply chain efficiency [15]. BIM maturity reflects the degree of BIM technology use [16]. There are variations in BIM maturity in prefabricated building projects due to factors such as organizational culture, resources, technological tools, personnel skills, project size, and project complexity [17]. In practice, supply chain resilience varies when it comes to different levels of BIM application [18]. Although some studies have suggested that BIM can promote supply chain resilience, the pathways of such influences are far from clear. Thus, this study aims to explore the impact of BIM technology on supply chain resilience in prefabricated buildings.