## 1 Introduction
An important question is whether observed differences are attributed to biology (biological sex) or social constructions (social sex). Sex differences are primarily identified through genetic studies that explore the genetic predispositions associated with each sex. Factors such as genes, hormones, and environment influence brain morphology. It remains uncertain whether there are sex differences in the adolescent personalized network or significant individual variations in the spatial distribution of functional networks or their cortical topology. The brain's associative networks, including the ventral and dorsal attention networks, as well as frontoparietal networks, are particularly effective in distinguishing the sex of young individuals [8] because sex hormones (progesterone, estrogen) impact connectivity within these networks. Additionally, these networks are connected to mood and fear symptoms linked to psychopathology. Research indicates that females exhibit greater abnormalities in connectivity related to fear symptoms within the frontoparietal, ventral attentional, and default networks. Sex differences in multivariate functional topology patterns are spatially associated with X chromosome gene expression [8; 9]. Variation in brain topology among individuals is particularly evident in associative networks (default mode, ventral attention networks). Motor and sensory networks typically demonstrate more consistency among individuals [8]. Group map similarity of functional topology across 17 networks was lowest in the associative network and highest in the sensorimotor network, indicating greater interindividual differences in the topology of associative networks [8]. Regions in the frontoparietal network demonstrate the highest degree of interindividual heterogeneity in various characteristics, which can explain why variability in functional topology in association cortices is closely linked to individual differences in cognitive abilities particularly with reading. While it is impossible to discriminate among individuals solely based on sex, research has shown normative sex differences in the functional topology of adolescent personalized associative networks, suggesting that interindividual differences in functional topology are partially influenced by sex. Individual differences in cognitive abilities during childhood influence adult life's physical, social, and mental outcomes. The cortical surface during development reflects the functional reorganization of the brain. Determining changes in the topology of functional brain networks in the growing cortex of children aged 9 and 10 provides insight into their individual variation and differences in cognitive abilities before the crucial transition to adolescence [7; 10]. These variations are best predicted by the frontoparietal and ventral attentional networks, while the visual and somatomotor networks have the lowest predictive accuracy. Considering the degree of maturation of the central nervous system and age-related functional changes, even in normally developed children, it is essential to establish the relationship between a child's age and the frequency functional networks (\(\alpha\), \(\theta\), and \(\delta\) rhythms of the EEG, most clearly reflecting age-related changes in brain activity), as well as the peculiarities of the development of reading abilities in childhood. In children with learning disabilities, high \(\theta\) and low \(\alpha\) frequency activities suggest a delay in the development of cognitive neural networks [11; 12]. However, the effect of increased effort on discriminating a more difficult task on the activity of stimulus-related brain regions is poorly understood. In achieving fully automated multisensory integration, behavioral assessments are not as sensitive as they could be [13]. There is a growing search for new, more effective methods to modify the brain's neural networks and promote the development of reading abilities.