## 1 Introduction  
The Internet of Things (IoT) has been visualized as the communication and integration of smart objects (things). The dominance of IoT leads to a novel context of upcoming services and applications. Various objects such as mobile phones, sensors, Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tags, _etc._ are components of the IoT, which are linked to the Internet via wireless and wired networks. To satisfy the various requirements of users, the smart objects can sense, gather and transmit data. Communication can take place between: (i) the objects themselves and (ii) objects and people. To gain insight into the various issues related to the real world physical processes, the IoT has been realized as a vital solution. The technological developments in the field of IoT have presented many implementation challenges. Sensed data can be sent in queried form or in a continuous way. This requires energy efficient communication among the sensor nodes. More objects are deployed in the IoT, that is why large amounts of power are consumed in the whole process, so green networking plays a crucial role in the IoT to reduce power consumption and operational costs, lessen pollution and emissions and make the most of surveillance and environmental conservation [1; 2; 3; 4; 5]. The realization of cost reductions to achieve green networking is the research objective of this paper. Many energy efficient schemes for WSN have been proposed in the recent past such as hierarchy [6; 7; 8; 9], _ad-hoc_[10; 11; 12; 13] and exact [14; 15; 16; 17] ones, but these studies have not examined the arrangement of the objects in consideration of an energy efficient IoT. In this paper, we have investigated the cost effective arrangement of the objects to ensure an energy efficient IoT and put forward an innovative deployment scheme. Firstly a hierarchical framework model [1] is given for the deployment of the IoT. This introduces the scalability feature in the IoT and makes it more extensible. After that an optimization model is presented on the basis of the proposed framework and this model is energy efficient, which smoothens the progress on the way to a green IoT. Finally a minimum energy consumption chain-based cluster coordinator algorithm (ME-CBCCP) is executed, which uses cluster-based topology and a novel transmission algorithm for the optimization of energy parameters. We prove that this scheme is more lithe and efficient compared to traditional approaches for WSNs and it can be easily implemented in an energy efficient IoT. Our contributions in this paper can be summarized as follows:  
1. A hierarchical structure for placement of network components, that is objects/things in the IoT, is presented here. This structure has the scalability feature of the IoT to extend it up to any level. Direct communications between the relay nodes and sensor nodes at the cluster level, migrate the network load from local nodes to local relay nodes to provide energy efficient communication. Inter-cluster communication via cluster coordinators shifts the load from cluster heads (in a lower cluster) to the cluster coordinators (in upper clusters) thus enhancing the network lifetime. 2. An optimization problem is considered for the proposed network structure in terms of load balance and energy consumption for implementation of an efficient and scalable IoT. Thus, we propose, ME-CBCCP under the influence of clustering topology to resolve the optimization dilemma. This strategy facilitates the implementation of an energy efficient (green) IoT. 3. With extensive simulations on randomly deployed sensor nodes, the proposed scheme is validated in comparison to the traditional WSN schemes and found to be more favored for various applications of IoT. Our technique to implement this scheme as follows: the area is divided into various known cells assumed as the clusters. All the clusters are the same in size. Communication within the clusters is possible through the relay nodes. Communication with the upper cluster is possible via CCOs in the upper layers.