# Propolis as Natural Product in the Oral Cavity Bacterial Infections Treatment: A Systematic Review
## 4 Results
### Antibacterial Activity of Propolis in Oral Cavity Bacterial Infections
#### 4.2.2 In Vivo Studies
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Bacteria** & **MIC** & **MBC** & **Reference** \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{_Streptococcus sobrius_} & 4.0–8.0 \(\mathrm{\SIUnitSymbolMicro mL}\) & 8.0 \(\mathrm{\SIUnitSymbolMicro mL}\) & [77] \\ \cline{2-4}  & 25–50 \(\mathrm{\SIUnitSymbolMicro mL}\) (OP2) & & \\  & 50–100 \(\mathrm{\SIUnitSymbolMicro mL}\) (OP1, OP3, OP4) & \(>\)1600 \(\mathrm{\SIUnitSymbolMicro mL}\) (OP1–OP7) & [44] \\  & 100–200 \(\mathrm{\SIUnitSymbolMicro mL}\) (OP7) & & \\  & 400–800 \(\mathrm{\SIUnitSymbolMicro mL}\) (OP5, OP6) & & \\ \cline{2-4}  & 1.25\(\mathrm{\SIUnitSymbolMicro mL}\) & & [36] \\ \cline{2-4}  & 25 \(\mathrm{\SIUnitSymbolMicro mL}\) & 100 \(\mathrm{\SIUnitSymbolMicro mL}\) & [34] \\ \cline{2-4}  & 625 \(\mathrm{\SIUnitSymbolMicro mL}\) & & [97] \\ \hline _Streptococcus uberis_ & 25 \(\mathrm{\SIUnitSymbolMicro mL}\) & 100 \(\mathrm{\SIUnitSymbolMicro mL}\) & [34] \\ \hline _Veillonella parvula_ & 20.8 + 10.1 \(\mathrm{\SIUnitSymbolMicro mL}\) * & 32.0 + 18.4 \(\mathrm{\SIUnitSymbolMicro mL}\) * & [19] \\ \hline \end{tabular}  
* mean + SD  
\end{table} 
Table 3: _Cont._not obtained for _Streptococcus spp_. Forty-one patients participated in the study, and they were divided into two subgroups. The I subgroup included twenty-one patients who used propolis toothpaste to brush their teeth three times a day, while in the II subgroup, there were twenty patients who brushed their teeth three times a day with toothpaste without propolis, and they constituted the control group. The next step involved the collection of the supragingival bacterial plaque from each patient at baseline and after using the toothpaste for 35 days [102]. [PERSON] et al. [37] tried to answer the question of how toothpaste with Brazilian extract of propolis (EEP) affected oral health. Their results suggested that the microbial action of EEP at 50 mg/L concentration was time-dependent, and EEP revealed antimicrobial activity against _S. intermedius_. The researchers examined oral microflora from thirty-two adult patients with marginal periodontium to obtain their results [37]. [PERSON] et al. [27] evaluated whether Indian propolisis extract used subgingivally could supplement scaling and root planing (SRP) in the treatment of periodontitis. The obtained results indicated that the groups showed a reduction in the microbial count of _P. gingivalis_, _P. intermedia_, and _F. nucleatum_. The results were obtained based on the study of forty patients diagnosed with chronic periodontitis who were divided into two groups: the I group (twenty patients who received SRP alone) and the II group (twenty patients who received SRP and locally delivered propolisis). The samples of subgingival plaque were collected at baseline, after 15 days, and one month, and they were cultured for periodontal pathogens in anaerobic conditions [27]. [PERSON] et al. [38] evaluated the efficacy of propolis tooth gel on plaque inhibition. The study showed a significant reduction in _P. gingialis_ only in the first group, while all three strains (_P. gingialis_, _T. forysthia_, and _T. denticola_) were significantly decreased in the propolisis group. The results were obtained based on the study of forty patients with chronic periodontitis who were classified into two groups: the I group (twenty patients used _Aloe vera_ gel) and the II group (twenty patients used propolisis gel for 3 months) [38]. [PERSON] et al. [103] assessed the impact of ethanol propolisis extract mouthwash on oral microflora. The study indicated about a 25-fold decrease in the total bacterial count after propolis mouthwash use, but the observed decrease was lower in comparison to chlorohexidine (about an 1107-fold decrease). The results were obtained in the study of ninety children who were classified into two groups: the I group (forty-five children used a propolisis extract containing mouthwash for 1 minute three times a day for 5 days), and the II group (forty-five children used 0.2% chlorhexidine containing mouthwash) [103]. [PERSON] et al.