## 6 Conclusions  
Existing chronological moraine records show that glaciations in the mountains of the EAM region only developed in a few high-altitude mountainous areas, such as the ranges of eastern China, the Taiwanese Mountains, the mountains of the Korean Peninsula, the mountains of the RFE, and the mountain ranges in the Japanese archipelago. In the EAM region, the Late Quaternary glacial period in the mountains of the East Asian archipelagos was the most complete and the longest. For example, in the mountainous areas of Japan, there were several stages of glaciation: the Penultimate Glaciation and Last Interglacial (MIS 6-5); the Early LGP (MIS 4); the Middle LGP (MIS 3b); the Late LGP (MIS 2/LGM); and the Early Holocene glacial stage (MIS 1). Taiwanese mountain glaciers developed during the Early LGP (MIS 4), the Middle LGP (MIS 3b), the Late LGP (MIS 2/LGM), and the Early Holocene glacial stage (MIS 1). Mountain glaciation sequences are shorter on the East Asian mainland, the latest glacial retreats in the EAM region (i.e., 1.7 \(\pm\) 0.1 ka) occurred in the Helan Mountains; here, the glacial chronology is shorter, with glacial stages documented only for the Middle LGP (MIS 3b), the Late LGP (MIS 2/LGM), and the Early Holocene glacial stage (MIS 1). The reason for this phenomenon is that the tectonic uplift in different subregions is significantly different; on the other hand, it is also related to the difference of P between the land and sea in the monsoon climate by comparing the glacial periods in the EAM region within western China. Since 780 ka, the mountains in western China have experienced many tectonic movement events; small East Asian coastal and island mountains only approached or reached their \(\Delta\)ELA altitudes during the LGP as a result of strong neotectonic movement (corresponding 150 ka-Gonghe movement). We found that there were significant differences between the extent, onset time and length of glacial stages. Tectonic movement plays an important role, which reflects the particularity of the glaciations in the EAM region. Overall, small-scale glacial advances occurred during the period before the LGP (MIS 6-5) in the EAM region in response to the EAM environment, which in turn was affected by neotectonic movement, and consequent changes to the ELA in mountainous areas. Under the constraints of monsoonal circulation patterns, glacial advances in the mountains of the EAM region gradually decreased in extent from the Early LGP (MIS 4) to the Middle LGP (MIS 3b) to the Late LGP (MIS 2/LGM-YD) and then after the LGP before completely disappearing in the Late Holocene. The time since the onset of the LGP has been affected by many periodic changes in the EAM environment. The cold-wet climate during the Early LGP was the most favorable for the development of glacial ice; abundant P promoted the development of glacial ice during the Middle LGP; however, although it was cold in the Late LGP, P decreased, and the development of glacial ice was restricted. Since the onset of the Holocene, both P and T have strengthened along a continuum. Glaciers changed gradually from a winter accumulation-summer ablation model to a summer accumulation-summer ablation model. Eventually, summer ablation exceeded summer accumulation, and the regional glacial environment deteriorated before glaciers in the EAM region disappeared completely. At present, there are no modern glaciers remaining in this region. **Author Contributions:** Conceptualization, R.L. and S.Z. ; methodology, L.Z. and X.W. ; software, R.L. ; validation, R.L. and X.W. ; formal analysis, R.L. ; investigation, R.L. and B.Z. ; resources, C.W. ; data curation, R.L. and C.W. ; writing--original draft preparation, R.L. ; writing--review and editing, R.L., C.W. and X.W. ; supervision, L.Z. ; funding acquisition, S.Z. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. **Funding:** This research was funded by NO. U20A2082 [Key Joint Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China], NO. 41901072 and NO.