## 4 Research Methodology  
The research model has been based on an amalgamation and synthesis of the literature, as well as the attachment of our collaborative team research strategy. The detailed enumeration of each variable has been discussed in the previous section. Figure 1 summarizes the abstraction of our research model with reference to the research variables of our study. Figure 1: Abstraction of the Research Model. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{p{56.9 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt}} \hline \hline
**Code** & **Factor** & **Description** \\ \hline V7F1 & Cost Saving & It involves reducing costs through fuel efficiency, resource optimization, waste reduction, regulatory compliance, and enhanced brand reputation [97; 98]. \\ \hline V7F2 & Economic Incentives & Financial incentives, such as tax breaks, grants, or subsidies for sustainable practices, can motivate businesses to adopt green logistics [98; 99]. \\ \hline V7F3 & Customer Demand & Increasing consumer preference for environmentally friendly products and services can push businesses to adopt green logistics to meet market demand [97; 98]. \\ \hline V7F4 & Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) & Commitment to CSR and the desire to enhance corporate image and stakeholder relationships can influence the intention to implement green logistics [47]. \\ \hline V7F5 & Competitive Advantage & The desire to gain a competitive edge over rivals through differentiation based on sustainability practices can drive green logistics adoption [47]. \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 8: The main factors of the intention to adopt green logistics that significantly impact the adoption of green logistics. Our research methodology employs a structured approach, encompassing several stages to ensure a comprehensive analysis of the implementation of green logistics:  
**1. Questionnaire Development:** Initially, we created a survey to assess stakeholders' perceptions and attitudes toward integrating green logistics practices within their operations. This step is crucial for gathering relevant data that reflects the current sentiment and awareness regarding environmental sustainability in logistics. **2. Data Analysis:** Upon collecting responses, we conducted a thorough analysis of the data. We started with a general quantitative descriptive analysis to provide an overview of the adoption of green logistics practices. This step helps identify broad trends and patterns in the data. **3. Detailed Analysis:** We then delved deeper into the data, performing more specific descriptive analyses. This phase allows us to uncover finer details and subtleties in the stakeholders' responses, providing a richer understanding of their perspectives. **4. Correlation Analysis:** We examined the relationships between the opinions of respondents from Saudi Arabia on various metrics related to green logistics. This analysis helps identify any significant associations between different variables and understand how they might influence each other. By systematically progressing through these steps, our methodology aims to provide a thorough understanding of stakeholder perspectives on green logistics and identify patterns within the data that can inform strategic decisions. The research instrument for this study was meticulously crafted, drawing on a comprehensive review of the literature and relevant empirical findings. The selection of questions was informed by prior studies that had undergone rigorous validation for accuracy and reliability using the Index of Congruence (IOC) method. The survey is structured into four distinct sections. The initial section gathers demographic information about the participants, such as gender, age, educational attainment, current city of residence, organizational tenure, job title, and years of experience in the logistics sector. The subsequent section focuses on organizational details, including the range of logistics services offered, company size, annual turnover, and the geographic scope of operations.