## 2 Materials and Methods
### Equipment Used  
For this study, four temperature sensors (two in each cell) were used. They were positioned in the center of the cells, one meter above the floor. The equipment has an accuracy of \(\pm 0.35\)\({}^{\circ}\)C for temperature and \(\pm 2.5\%\) for relative humidity [25]. Records were recorded every 10 min (Figure 4A).  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c} \hline \hline  & **Thermal Resistance** \\  & **(m\({}^{2}\) \(\circ\)C/W)** \\ \hline Walls/Ceiling & 0.61 \\ Pitched Roof & 0.82 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 1: Thermal properties of the test cells.  
Figure 3: Test cells: (**A**,**B**) Layout of the two test cells; (**C**) Photograph of the cells.  
The ventilation flow rate in each cell was determined by the Tracer Gas Method and the Decay Technique, using carbon dioxide (CO\({}_{2}\)) as tracer gas. Four CO\({}_{2}\) concentration meters were used, two in each cell. The equipment has an accuracy of \(\pm\)50 ppm or \(\pm\)3% of the measured value and a resolution of 1 ppm. A portable CO\({}_{2}\) extinguisher was used to release carbon dioxide inside the cells and fans were activated to facilitate the distribution of tracer gas in the environments (Figure 4B). The experimental procedure was established according to ISO 12569 [26] and ASTM E741-00 standards [27].  
To assess possible radiative effects inside the test cells that could bias the results, two black globe thermometers of 15 cm in diameter were used for punctual measurements of the mean radiant temperature. The mean radiant temperature can be estimated from the globe temperature, taking into account the recommendations available in the literature [28; 29]. The response time of the equipment varies between 20 and 30 min and the operating temperature is between \(-\)10 \({}^{\circ}\)C to 50 \({}^{\circ}\)C, with an accuracy of \(\pm\)0.5 \({}^{\circ}\)C [20]. The equipment was installed in the center of each cell for one day, and four measurements were carried out, with an interval of two hours between them (Figure 4C). The mean radiant temperature (\(tr\)) was obtained by applying Equations (1) and (2) [30].  
\[t_{r}=\sqrt{t_{g}^{4}+\frac{h_{cg}}{\varepsilon_{g}\times\sigma}\times\left(t _{g}-t_{a}\right)} \tag{1}\]  
\[h_{cg}=1.4\times\left(\frac{\left|t_{g}-t_{a}\right|}{D}\right)^{0.25} \tag{2}\]  
In which:  
\(tr\) is the mean radiant temperature [K];  
\(t_{g}\) is the globe temperature [K];  
\(t_{a}\) is the air temperature [K];  
\(h_{cg}\) is the convective heat transfer coefficient at the globe level [W/m\({}^{2}\).K];  
\(\varepsilon_{g}\) is the emissivity of the black globe;  
\(\Sigma\) is the Stefan-Boltzan constant [5.67 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-8}\) W/m\({}^{2}\).K\({}^{4}\)];  
\(D\) is the globe diameter (0.15 m).  
The outdoor climate was characterized through the automatic meteorological station (EMA) of Palmas, Brazil (Latitude: \(-\)10.190744\({}^{\circ}\) and Longitude: \(-\)48.301811\({}^{\circ}\)), administered by the National Institute of Meteorology--INMET, Brazil [24]. The station collects data every minute, providing temperature, relative humidity, atmospheric pressure, precipitation, wind direction and speed and solar radiation (Figure 4D).