## 2 Theoretical Background  
### Immersive Technology Applications for Advanced Cultural Experience  
The adoption of digital technologies in the CH and tourism sectors has significantly transformed the way heritage sites are managed, presented, and experienced. These advancements are not only improving accessibility and preservation but also redefining visitor engagement by offering more interactive and personalized experiences [30; 31]. Digital tools enable cultural institutions to bridge the gap between tradition and innovation,ensuring that historical and artistic assets remain relevant in the modern era while reaching wider and more diverse audiences. A key area of focus is the integration of the IoT, beacon sensors, and smart devices, which facilitate real-time data collection and monitoring from real cultural and archeological sites. Particular attention is also addressed to user data, including users' behavior on-site and off-site [32]. These technologies provide valuable insights into visitors' habits, preferences, and movement patterns, allowing institutions and SMEs to optimize site management, improve crowd control, and enhance security. Additionally, the implementation of data analytics tools enables the processing and interpretation of vast amounts of information, leading to more informed decision-making, and the ability to offer personalized recommendations tailored to individual visitor interests [32]. XR technologies play a crucial role in creating more engaging and memorable experiences. XR enhances the sense of presence and interaction within cultural sites by merging the physical and digital worlds, allowing visitors to explore historical narratives, interact with virtual reconstructions, and engage in gamified learning experiences [12]. These innovations not only improve knowledge transfer but also foster a deeper emotional connection between visitors and heritage, ultimately transforming cultural tourism into a more dynamic and meaningful journey. The tourism industry encompasses a variety of CH sites, ranging from indoor locations like museums to open-air spaces such as historic city centers and archaeological sites. A vast body of research has explored the application of different technologies, including XR, for a range of purposes aimed at enhancing visitor experiences [3]. For example, [PERSON] [33] developed a cloud-based MR application for the HoloLens, designed to enhance museum visits through multi-user collaborative interactions. This system utilizes a walkable MR map as an interactive tool, allowing users to manipulate 3D models of artifacts in a virtual space, fostering both engagement and educational benefits. Likewise, [PERSON] et al. [34] adapted MR technology for outdoor heritage environments by creating an intelligent guide application. This solution streams images from an immersive device to a remote visual search engine. Utilizing the Vuforia system, the application matches captured images with a database, recognizes objects, and then delivers augmented virtual content, enriching visitors' exploration of cultural landmarks. Additionally, [PERSON] and [PERSON] [35] developed an outdoor navigation system that leverages localization and orientation technology to identify sites and objects. By storing the coordinates of POIs, the system provides visitors with digital information when they approach specific locations, offering a more interactive and informative exploration. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [36] showcased how digital applications can enhance access to CH content for individuals with disabilities. Their study focused on the development of a VR scenario aimed at fostering cultural engagement while ensuring inclusivity for users with motor difficulties. By involving individuals with disabilities from the early stages of development, the researchers adhered to the principles of User-Centered Design (UCD), tailoring the experience to their specific needs.