## 2 Contaminants of Emerging Concern (CECs)
### Endocrine Disruptors (EDs)
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt}} \hline \hline
**Sampling Site/Sampling Moment (Data)** & **Monitored Contaminants** & **Analytical Approach** & **Relevant Environmental Concentrations Range for the Detected Compounds in Analyzed Matrices** & **Ref.** \\ \hline
8 sampling points, Danube river, near Novi Sad, Serbia/November 2012 & Bisphenol A (BPA) & SPE-GC-MS, SIM mode & Surface waters (ng/L); BPA (6–221.6) & [23] \\ \hline Danube and Sava Rivers in the region of Belgrade/January and February 2013 & Steroids borromes: E1, E2, E2, E3, progesterone, nonethindrone & HPLC–ESI-MS & Surface waters (ng/L); E1 (0.15-0.19); E2 (0.16); targeted analysis; & [65] \\ \hline Danube along the Novi Sad bank & & & & \\ / November 2012, March, May and September 2013 & Bisphenol A (BPA) & SPE-GC-MS, SIM mode & Surface waters (ng/L); BPA (6–693) & [20] \\ \hline
30 sites, along the Danube River and its tributaries Sava and Tasievers in Serbia & Endocrine disrupts industrial chemicals (PE, OB, RPA), natural (2E, E1), E3, contributes estrogens (EE2, DES) and their conjugates & & Surface waters (ng/L); E1 (0.2–9.8); E1 (2.1–4.8); E3 (1.1–3.6); E3 (1.1–3.6); E3 (1.1–3.6); E3 (1.1–3.6); E3 (0.1–3.6); E3 (0.1–3.6) & [61] \\ \hline
11 km upstream from the Ion Gate I 4 am/ August-September 2007, during the JDS 2 & Steroids borromes: mastronad, E2, E2, E1 & UAE and SPE-UHPLC-LTQ XL, APCI source & Sediments (ng/g): Methanol (1.0–77.5) & [44] \\ \hline
16 sampling locations along the Danube and its three main tributaries. Jui, Ott and Arges river/February, April and June 2014 and October 2015 & Steroids borromes: E1, E2, E2, equiline, E3 & SPE-UHPLC-QQQ MS-MS Target analysis & Surface waters (ng/L); E1 (1.4–3.0); E2 (1.5–3.3); E2 (0.5–3.7), with higher values in the tributary & [50] \\ \hline
16 sites along the Romanian part of the Danube River, Jui, Ott and Arges river/October 2015 & Estradiol, and 6 estrogen hormones & Surface waters (ng/L); E3 (3.3, in the Danube river); E2 and EE2 (17a-Ethinylestradiol, 19-Ethwide & Surface waters (ng/L); E3 (1.1–3.6); E3 (1.1–3.6); E3 (1.1–3.6); E3 (1.1–3.6); E3 (1.1–3.6) & [66] \\ \hline Danube (sampling point: Brainla) and tributary Jui (Jully-October 2018, February and April 2019 & Stephenchs: BPA, BTS, BTE, BTE, BTE, BTE) & UAE and SPE-UHPLC-LTQ XL, APCI source & [36] \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Summary of the publication during 2010–2021 on the area of Low Danube and North-West Black Sea Basins concerning endocrine disruptors contaminants. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l l l l} \hline \hline
**Sampling Site/Sampling Moment** & **Monitored Contaminants** & **Analytical Approach** & \begin{tabular}{l} **Relevant Environmental Concentrations Range** \\ **for the Detector Compounds in Analyzed** \\ **Matrices** \\ \end{tabular}  & **Ref. ** \\ \hline
11 sampling points in the Danube & \begin{tabular}{l} Biphenook: BPA, BPS, BPE, BPE, BPE, BPC \\ and 4 HAP \\ \end{tabular}  & \ \begin{tabular}{l} UHPLC-QQQ MS-MS targeted \\ analysis, SIM mode \\ \end{tabular}  & \begin{tabular}{l} Surface waters (ng/L): BPA (4-2-0,02): BPE \\ (-LD-16.8);k/HAR (BPA metabolite) (3.5e-30.9) \\ \end{tabular}  & [68] \\ \hline
45 sites in the Romanian Black Sea Coast & \ \begin{tabular}{l} Biphenook: BPA, BPS, BPE, BPE, BPE and \\ 4-hydroxyacetophenone \\ \end{tabular}  & \begin{tabular}{l} Seaward (ng/L): BPA(nd-16); BPE (nd-19.7); BPE \\ (nd-194) \\ \end{tabular}  & [69] \\ \hline SFE–  
Estrogenic hormones reported levels in the Lower Danube basin water ranged from 0.15 to 9.8 ng/L for E1 (with maximum value reported in Serbia [61]), from 1.5-3.3 ng/L for E2 (maximum value in the Arges River [50]), from 0.37 to 4.8 ng/L for E3, and 0.5-3.8 ng/L for EE2 (with the maximum value in the Arges River [50] (Figure 3, left side)). The values were higher than those reported by JDS3 [58], but comparable to other studies on European rivers [9; 70].