## 3 Studies on Enzyme-Assisted Extraction of Metabolites from Natural Materials
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Natural Material** & **Target 1** & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Optimized Conditions of Enzymolysis**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Extraction Effects and Yields**} \\  & & **Conditions of Enzymolysis** & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**in Optimal Conditions**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Ref.**} \\  & & **and Extraction** & & \\ \hline _Pusderanthenum_ & & Enzymolysis: & & \\ _ptaliferun_ (Nees) Radlk. & & Viscozyme 7.5 \(\mu\)L/g, & & \\ _[Pseudanthenumum_ & Triterpenenoid & Water–to–material ratio of & Yield of 64.19\%, & \\ _Inifolium_ [PERSON]. [PERSON]] 2 & & saponins & 12.5 mL/g & (significantly higher than that & \\ (Acanthaceae) & & Temp. 54.9 \({}^{\circ}\)C & in Soxhlet extraction) & \\ leaf & & Time 80.8 min & & \\ \hline _Stevia redundant_ & & Enzymolysis: & & \\ (Bertroni) Bertoni & Stevioside & Hemiculules at 60 \({}^{\circ}\)C & & \\ (Composilae) & (ditterpene & or Cellulase at 50 \({}^{\circ}\)C & & \\ pH 5.0 & pH 5.0 & & (369.23 \(\pm\) 0.11 ug) & [70] \\ leaves & & Time 45–60 min & & \\ \hline  & & Caroticolens & & \\ \hline  & & Enzymolysis: & & \\ \multirow{2}{*}{_Duccus carota_ L. (Apiaceae)} & & Fructozym® MA concentration & & \\  & & 0.3 mL/100 g & Yield & \\ \multirow{2}{*}{(Apiaceae)} & & Time 24 h & 393.4 ug/mL & [90] \\  & & Temp. 37 \({}^{\circ}\)C & & \\  & & pH 7.4 & & \\ \hline  & & Enzymolysis: & & \\ \multirow{2}{*}{_Daucus carota_ subsp. & & Endoxym Pectofruit (commercial & \\ _sativus_ (Hoffm.) Arcang & & pectines) 61 U/mL & Yield & \\ (Apiaceae) & \(\beta\)-carotene & 5 mL of enzyme/100 mg of & 0.85 \(\pm\) 0.11 mg/g & \\ \multirow{2}{*}{carrot pomace} & & plant material & (improved extraction & \\  & & Time 60 min & efficiency up to 90\%) & \\  & & Temp. 45 \({}^{\circ}\)C & & \\  & & pH = 5.5 & & \\ \hline  & & Enzymolysis: & & \\ \multirow{2}{*}{_Haematococcus plurviails_ (Haematococcaceae)} & & Precinase & & \\  & & enzyme content 0.08\% & & \\  & & Time 3 h & & \\  & & Temp. 55 \({}^{\circ}\)C & & \\  & & pH = 4.5 & & \\ \hline  & & Enzymolysis: & & \\ \multirow{2}{*}{_Helianthus annuus_ L. (Composite)} & & Viscozyme® L enzyme & & \\  & & concentration 0.5\% & & \\ \multirow{2}{*}{_Holianthus annuus_ L. (Composite)} & & Sample–to–liquid ratio & Yield of & \\  & & 0.15:10 (\(w/v\)) & & \\ \multirow{2}{*}{florets and petals} & & Solvert: d\(\downarrow\)-menthol-d-lactic acid & carotenoids & [65] \\  & & (M/HLc) (I:2) & 1449 mg/100 g & \\  & & Solvent-to–water ratio 0.6 & & \\  & & Time 2 h & & \\  & & Temp. 40 \({}^{\circ}\)C & & \\ \hline  & & Enzymolysis: & & \\ \multirow{2}{*}{_Solanum lycopersicum_ L. (Solanaceae)} & & Colluclast:Pectines 1:1 & & \\  & & Enzyme: substrate ratio 0.2 mL/g & & \\ \multirow{2}{*}{tomato waste (peel and seeds)} & & Time 5 h & & \\  & & Temp. 40 \({}^{\circ}\)C & & \\  & & pH = 4.5 & & \\ \multirow{2}{*}{(Peel and seeds)} & & Extraction: & & \\  & & Ethyl acetate extraction & & \\  & & Solvent–substrate ratio 5 mL/g & & \\  & & Time 1 h & & \\ \hline  & & Others & & \\ \hline  & & Enzymolysis: & & \\ \multirow{6}{*}{_Beta vulgaris_ L. (Amaranthaceae)} & & Enzymatic mix 25 U/g & & \\  & & containing & Yield (mg/mL U) & \\ \multirow{2}{*}{beetroot} & & cellulase (37\%), & betaxanthin & \\  & betacyanin, & xylanase (35\%), & 11.37 \(\pm\) 0.45, & \\  & and betaxanthin & pectines (28\%) & betacyanin & \\ \multirow{2}{*}{(Apiaceae)} & & Temp. 25 \({}^{\circ}\)C & 14.67 \(\pm\) 0.67 & \\  & & Time 240 min & & \\  & & pH 5.5 \(\pm\) 0.1 & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: \(Cont.\)