## 1 Introduction
Although these mobile devices have been standardized, there is no adequate consensus on the benchmarking or testing methodologies at the application level. Thus, the need to identify reference deployment scenarios and the definition of new Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) and Quality of Experience (QoE) metrics becomes imperative. Therefore, as in the current survey, itis worthwhile considering the distinct areas for testing and benchmarking, focusing on applications, devices, and mobile network operators. In the existing literature, extensive research on the various aspects of 5G enablers, such as millimeter wave (mmWave), carrier aggregation, mMIMO, Heterogeneous Networks (HetNets), mobile edge computing (MEC), beamforming, and more, have been conducted [6; 7; 8; 9; 10; 11; 12; 13; 14; 15; 16]. However, these works of literature considered and assessed only a subset of these enabling technologies for 5G. To the authors' best knowledge, it is difficult to find a prior work in the literature that comprehensively analyzes the various 5G enablers, advancements, problems, and future directions as in the case of the current contribution. Our motivation stems from the need for a review allowing 5G and beyond 5G researchers to quickly understand the various 5G technologies and other key topics without wading through a large pool of the existing literature. One of the closest works reported by [PERSON] et al. [9] conducted a systematic review of 5G enabling technologies. Although the work is robust and quite elaborate, only nine of the numerous 5G technologies were highlighted. Since no systematic review that provides an all-encompassing discussion and analysis of 5G enabling technologies has been identified, this paper aims to provide a thorough review and analysis of more than twenty (20) of the various enabling technologies for the 5G communication system. The current review also provides useful recommendations on recent developments, difficulties, and future research directions. Specifically, the study systematically evaluated the numerous enabling technologies listed in 5G review works between 2010 and 2022. Additionally, the current work briefly reviews other key topics within the 5G technology domain, such as 5G use cases and the associated frequency bands, 5G frequency standardization, and 5G propagation channel models. Overall, this work significantly benefits specialists and new researchers working in the 5G and future wireless communication networks domain. This survey thoroughly examines the various aspects of 5G mobile technology, including potential use cases, channel models, applications, standardization, and a special emphasis on candidate 5G enabling technologies. The following are the key contributions:  
* The study presents recent developments in the 5G arena, as well as innovative contributions from the academic community, and provides details on critical features of 5G technology advancement. * The study conducted a systematic and all-encompassing review of 5G candidate technologies, potential applications, and benefits. * The study presents the mobile network evolution and discusses the development of mobile communication under various regulatory organizations, such as recent 3 GPP releases and 5G development. * The study presents the existing and emerging 5G use cases, applications, and further recommendations on specific frequency bands for corresponding use cases on the basis of relevant Key Performance Indicators (KPIs). * The study provides a comprehensive and up-to-date discussion of more than 20 5G enabling technologies, bringing them all together for easy access by other researchers in the wireless communication community. * The study broadly summarizes the present state of 5G deployment worldwide, including the region, sub-region, country, operator, 5G status, launch date, and initial 5G operating frequency bands. * The study provides a compact review of non-terrestrial networks (NTN) integration with the 5G system.