# Semantic Modeling Approach Supporting Process Modeling and Analysis in Aircraft Development
## 1 Introduction  
The continuous increase of system complexity of products, such as autonomous vehicles and intelligent transport systems, leads to growing challenges for managing the development processes across the entire life cycle of a system. When designing the development processes, multiple aspects must be considered: (1) Systems engineering life cycle and specific industrial standards are always used to define real development processes. The real aircraft development process should be used among all stakeholders of different domains. A unified and graphical description of the entire development process is a basic for communications. (2) Statistic analysis for each task during the development process is important to confirm that the cost of each task is lower than the criteria used to control the budget. (3) The dynamic performance of the development process is required to understand the cost and time consumption across the entire life cycle. This is useful when project managers expect to understand how the budget and duration are arranged for different phases. The complex system development process involves stakeholders from different domains. Moreover, these stakeholders implement co-designing and collaborative designing across the entire life cycle from concept stage to retirement stage. Therefore, when designing the development process, a standardized specification is used as a basic for formalizing and tailoring the entire workflow in each domain to integrate different system interests of stakeholders. Except for systems engineering specifications, a model-based approach is also used to define business process, such as business process model and notation (BPMN) [1]. Thesemodels enable stakeholders to understand their internal business procedures in a graphical notation and make organizations communicate these procedures in a standardized manner. Before starting a complex system development process, cost and time consumption are two important aspects considered by stakeholders [2]. Low budgeting control for each work task can decrease the financial risk when the project is implemented. Moreover, the dynamic analysis of cost and time consumption for the development process provides the project managers better understanding of the project progress before the project implementation. Before implementing the project based on the designed development process, the static verification for cost and time in each work task is useful to understand if the task satisfies the requirements on the development process. The dynamic analysis provides a guideline for decision-makings on the development process to understand the dynamic performances of the entire project implementation. The aim of this study is to propose a semantic modeling and simulation approach to support process modeling and analysis. The following contributions are introduced as follows:  
* **Support the developmental process definition by semantic modeling:** A semantic modeling approach is proposed to provide a metamodel library for standardized development process development to improve the reuse of the existing work tasks when designing the development process. This approach provides a standardized syntax for constructing the graphical notation representing the development processes for all the stakeholders across the life cycle;
* **Support process analysis based on the semantic modeling:** Using the semantic modeling approach, static verification is used for stakeholders to validate if each task can satisfy the requirements related to cost for each work task. Moreover, for development process, dynamic analysis is implemented based on the semantic modeling approach to predict the dynamic performance of cost and time consumption across the entire life cycle. In this study, we use the KARMA language to support the development process modeling and the static and dynamic analyses of time consumption and cost for complex system development [3].