## 7 Conclusions  
The research carried out in this article presents a high-resolution, non-intrusive monitoring system and an associated methodology for evaluating the performance of a high-power, isolated, photovoltaic pumping system (PVPS). The key sensors of the system are a calibrated photovoltaic cell (measuring irradiance and module temperature), DC voltage transducer (to detect bus voltage and electrical shocks), pressure sensor (to detect hydraulic pressure and shocks), flow meter (for pumped flow rate) and fluid temperature sensor. The studies performed show that the proposed evaluation strategy (based on acquiring and recording data from sensors at one-second intervals) exceeds the requirements of the IEC 62253 standard, providing significantly improved temporal resolution. The main contribution lies in the system performance assessment methodology based on the continuous, high-resolution monitoring of critical electrical, hydraulic and environmental parameters. This enables the accurate evaluation of isolated, high-power PVPSs, including the evaluation of transient operational regimes. To demonstrate the robustness and applicability of the proposed methodology, a comprehensive comparative analysis was conducted under four distinct meteorological scenarios: clear sky, a day with a single dense cloud, a day with frequent small clouds and a fully overcast day. Two key performance indicators, pumped volume performance (PVP) and equivalent operating time performance (EOTP), were derived (calculated) from both measured and theoretical data, along with the total number of start/stop events per \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**Aspect** & **IEC 62253 Standard** & **Proposed Methodology** \\ \hline Environmental Constraints & Applicable only under clear-sky outdoor conditions & No restriction on environmental or time conditions \\ Measurement Tools & Uses traditional instruments (gauges, meters) & Utilizes data acquisition (DAQ) systems, sensors and \\ Data Collection Process & Manual data entry in journals or logging software during each test & Automatic, continuous data collection at one-second intervals \\ Temporal Resolution & Limited; does not support high-frequency sampling & High-resolution data (one-second intervals) \\ Operational Regimes Evaluated & Restricted to steady-state conditions & Includes both steady-state and transient operational regimes \\ Detection of Dynamic Events & Unable to detect electrical or hydraulic shocks & Capable of detecting and analyzing shocks and rapid \\ Data Analysis Capability & Allows analysis only of steady-state values, often limited to manually recorded events & Enables full analysis of dynamic variations across different \\ Support for System Optimization & Not suitable for online supervision or optimization & Supports online supervision, control and optimization of PVPS performance \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 6: Comparison between IEC 62253 and the proposed non-intrusive, high-resolution methodology for PVPS performance evaluation. hour. The results show that due to protective constraints in the control system designed to limit wear from frequent starts/stops, theoretical operating time and volume are only closely achieved under clear-sky conditions. The pumping system performance decreased with increasing cloud cover: almost 100% on a clear sky day, 88% under a single dense cloud, 77% under frequent intermittent clouds and 43% on fully overcast days. A general conclusion can thus be drawn: the performances estimated by the manufacturer can only be achieved under ideal operating conditions. In conclusion, as a novelty, the paper proposes monitoring the same parameters of a PVPS imposed by the current standard, but instead of measuring nominal values at different operating points (with classic measuring instruments according to the standard methodology); these parameters are measured in real-time (with specialized sensors), logged and processed continuously throughout the operating regime.