# Exploring the Risks of Green Crowdsourcing in South Africa: The Case of Dilivari
## 4 Results
### Security Risk  
Green crowdsourcing undertakes the delivery of groceries using any member of the crowd, and this poses security risks. The FGD and interviews highlighted the following security risks: theft, robbery, and personal privacy. Security risk management requires alignment with government policy and regulatory implementation with the establishment of guidelines for effective management. Firstly, the risk exists of the theft of parcels and the contents of parcels during deliveries in a crowdsourcing environment. One of the participants in the key informant interview said that \"the risk of using applications in the crowd, which allows everyone in the crowd to delivery is the risks like theft of parcels or contents in the parcels. There have been cases of theft where parcels have been stolen or misplaced with the normal couriers\". Appropriate strategies for the protection of parcels and their contents must be developed in green crowdsourcing applications. The main difficulty is the flexibility in the application that allows various people to carry out the deliveries. The second risk is that of robberies targeting e-hailing services, something that has become widespread in South Africa today. One of the participants in the study highlighted that robberies have become common and a great risk to green crowdsourcing. In his own words, he pointed out that \"the criminals have changed their game by targeting drivers using crowdsourcing applications to rob the cars. There are so many cases of robbery now where the people will order for a ride and rob the driver of the car. There are several cases reported in Gauteng Region\". Developers of the application should endeavour to strengthen the application and take appropriate action to guard against robberies. The participants suggested the need to work with the government to address the challenge posed by crime, especially robberies during crowdsourcing. The participant stated that, \"There is a need for collaboration with the government to develop appropriate policy and manage the criminal aspects like robberies which have become rampant in South Africa\". In order to strengthen the application, existing legislation must be strengthened to protect participants in crowdsourcing against robbery. Finally, the security of personal privacy is a critical risk in green crowdsourcing applications. One of the participants in the FGD highlighted the risk of infringement of people's privacy and asked \"How do we enhance information security of the members participating in the crowdsourcing application? There's personal information being shared in terms of where the parcel needs to be delivered to. The person's address is going to be made available to a crowd member that needs to affect the delivery\". Information security can be strengthened by ensuring that the development of the application is streamlined in accordance with the existing Information Act, which provides mechanisms for the protection of personal information and the promotion of privacy. One of the respondents emphasised the approach for the protection of information and remarked that 'We do have the Protection of Personal Information Act 2013 together with the Constitution. This is critical in ensuring that the privacy is harnessed'. This was supported by another respondent who noted that ethical requirements for the development of an application promote the privacy of information, arguing that 'There are guidelines that have to be followed by the developer of mobile applications to uphold ethics and follow through during the development of the application and harness privacy. The developers of applications have a responsibility of ensuring people's privacy; for instance, you can't really track someone's location without them giving you permission, or you can't really do that without getting permission from the actual user to actually use their data'.