## 3 Results
### Histological Changes
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Groups**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Tumor Cell**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Apoptotic Cell**} & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**Immunoreactive Cell Percentages (\%/tumor cells)**} \\ \cline{3-8}  & & **Volume** & & **Caspase-3** & **PARP** & **COX-2** & **iNOS** & **TNF-\(\alpha\)** \\ \hline Control & & & & & & & \\ TB & \(79.27\pm 8.85\) & \(7.56\pm 3.59\) & \(11.01\pm 2.81\) & \(14.52\pm 6.32\) & \(59.83\pm 10.29\) & \(12.13\pm 4.23\) & \(7.76\pm 1.66\) \\ Single-formula-treated & & & & & & & \\ \hline Griffith & \(56.28\pm 7.19\) \({}^{\rm{a}}\) & \(49.88\pm 8.53\) \({}^{\rm{a}}\) & \(40.60\pm 11.72\) \({}^{\rm{a}}\) & \(46.98\pm 10.22\) \({}^{\rm{a}}\) & \(38.89\pm 5.69\) \({}^{\rm{a}}\) & \(12.07\pm 5.40\) & \(7.28\pm 2.74\) \\ SKOG & \(66.24\pm 5.75\) \({}^{\rm{a}}\) & \(30.82\pm 5.08\) \({}^{\rm{a}}\) & \(28.77\pm 6.58\) \({}^{\rm{a}}\) & \(35.84\pm 10.63\) \({}^{\rm{a}}\) & \(39.01\pm 13.59\) \({}^{\rm{a}}\) & \(37.16\pm 10.24\) \({}^{\rm{a}}\) & \(37.05\pm 11.47\) \({}^{\rm{a}}\) \\ Gefitinib and SKOG & & & & & & & \\
400 mg/kg & \(29.13\pm 8.75\) \({}^{\rm{a}}\) & \(86.63\pm 7.29\) \({}^{\rm{a}}\) & \(57.24\pm 10.48\) \({}^{\rm{a}}\) & \(86.29\pm 5.22\) \({}^{\rm{a}}\) & \(11.88\pm 2.99\) \({}^{\rm{a}}\) & \(74.13\pm 10.12\) \({}^{\rm{a}}\) & \(62.21\pm 17.33\)\({}^{\rm{a}}\) \\
200 mg/kg & \(38.59\pm 7.28\) \({}^{\rm{a}}\) & \(75.19\pm 8.18\) \({}^{\rm{a}}\) & \(76.61\pm 19.88\) \({}^{\rm{a}}\) & \(73.59\pm 10.57\) \({}^{\rm{a}}\) & \(20.69\pm 5.90\) \({}^{\rm{a}}\) & \(63.73\pm 11.29\)\({}^{\rm{a}}\) & \(54.51\pm 12.48\)\({}^{\rm{a}}\) \\
100 mg/kg & \(45.75\pm 5.23\) \({}^{\rm{a}}\) & \(65.37\pm 10.60\) \({}^{\rm{a}}\) & \(56.78\pm 9.36\) \({}^{\rm{a}}\) & \(62.96\pm 7.65\) \({}^{\rm{a}}\) & \(28.77\pm 7.32\)\({}^{\rm{a}}\) & \(41.65\pm 11.51\) \({}^{\rm{a}}\) & \(41.97\pm 13.30\)\({}^{\rm{a}}\) \\ \hline \multicolumn{8}{c}{TB = tumor-bearing; AR = Adenophoreade Radix; KOG = _Kyeongokgo_; SKO = _assam-Kyeongokgo_; PARP = cleaved poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase; COX-2 = cyclo-oxygenase-2; iNOS = inducible nitric oxide synthase; TNF = tumor necrosis factor. \({}^{\rm{a}}\)\(p<0.01\) versus TB control, assessed by the least significant difference (LSD) multi-comparison test; \({}^{\rm{b}}\)\(p<0.01\) and \({}^{\rm{c}}\)\(p<0.05\) versus gefitinib-single-formula-treated rodents assessed by the least significant difference (LSD) multi-comparison test; \({}^{\rm{d}}\)\(p<0.01\) versus TB control assessed by the Mann-Whitney U test; \({}^{\rm{e}}\)\(p<0.01\) and \({}^{\rm{f}}\)\(p<0.05\) versus gefitinib-single-formula-treated rodents assessed by the Mann-Whitney U test. \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 6: Changes in the tumor mass histomorphetry of NCI-H520 tumor cell xenograft mice. Figure 7: Representative histological profiles of the tumor masses taken from NCI-H520 tumor cell xenograft mice. (**A**) = Tumor-bearing control; (**B**) = 120 mg/kg-gefitinib-single-treated rodents; (**C**) = 400 mg/kg-SKOG-single-treated rodents; (**D**) = gefitinib 120 mg/kg and SKOG 400 mg/kg; (**E**) = gefitinib 120 mg/kg and SKOG 200 mg/kg; (**F**) = gefitinib 120 mg/kg and SKOG 100 mg/kg. AR = Adenophorae Radix; KOG = _Kyeongokog_; SKOG = _sasam-Kyeongokog_. All Hematoxylin-Eosin-stained. Scale bars = 100 μm. Figure 8: Representative caspase-3 immunoreactivities of the tumor masses taken from NCI-H520 tumor cell xenograft mice. (**A**) = Tumor-bearing control; (**B**) = 120 mg/kg-gefitinib-single-treated rodents; (**C**) = 400 mg/kg-SKOG-single-treated rodents; (**D**) = gefitinib 120 mg/kg and SKOG 400 mg/kg; (**E**) = gefitinib 120 mg/kg and SKOG 200 mg/kg; (**F**) = gefitinib 120 mg/kg and SKOG 100 mg/kg. AR = Adenophorae Radix; KOG = _Kyeongokgo_; SKOG = _sasam-Kyeongokgo_. All avidin-biotin complex (ABC) methods. Scale bars = 100 \(\upmu\)m.  
_Appl. Sci._**2023**, _13_, 1090  
Figure 9: Representative PARP immunoeroactivities of the tumor masses taken from NCI-H520 tumor cell xenograft mice.