# AIS Data Vulnerability Indicated by a Spoofing Case-Study
## Abbreviations
(2020) [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] An expert-based method for the risk assessment of anomalous maritime transportation data. _Appl. Ocean Res._**2020**, _104_, 102337. [CrossRef]
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* Thousands of GMDSS Jamming and Spoofing Incidents Reported in 2020. Available online: [[https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/thousands-gnss-jamming-spoofing-incidents-reported-2020-guy-buesnel/](https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/thousands-gnss-jamming-spoofing-incidents-reported-2020-guy-buesnel/)]([https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/thousands-gnss-jamming-spoofing-incidents-reported-2020-guy-buesnel/](https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/thousands-gnss-jamming-spoofing-incidents-reported-2020-guy-buesnel/)) (accessed on 1 February 2021). * [PERSON] and [PERSON] (2020) [PERSON]; [PERSON] [PERSON] Cyber Threats to Maritime Critical Infrastructure. In _Cyber Terrorism and Extremism as Threat to Critical Infrastructure Protection_; [PERSON], [PERSON], Eds. ; Ministry of Defense, Republic of Slovenia, Institute for Corporative Security Studies, Joint Special Operations University: Ljubljana, Slovenia; Tampa, FL, USA, 2020; pp. 163-170. * [PERSON] et al. (2020) [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] Assessing Cyber Challenges of Maritime Navigation. _J. Mar. Sci. Eng._**2020**, \(8\), 776. [CrossRef]
* Seized UK Tanker Likely (2019) Seized UK Tanker Likely 'Spoofed' by Iran. Available online: [[https://lloydslist.maritimeintelligence.informa.com/LL1128820](https://lloydslist.maritimeintelligence.informa.com/LL1128820)]([https://lloydslist.maritimeintelligence.informa.com/LL1128820](https://lloydslist.maritimeintelligence.informa.com/LL1128820)) /Seized-UK-tanker-likely-spoofed-by-Iran (accessed on 20 July 2019). * Sinister Spoofing in Shanghai (2020) Sinister Spoofing in Shanghai. Available online: [[https://insidegnss.com/sinister-spoofing-in-shanghai/#:-](https://insidegnss.com/sinister-spoofing-in-shanghai/#:-)]([https://insidegnss.com/sinister-spoofing-in-shanghai/#:-](https://insidegnss.com/sinister-spoofing-in-shanghai/#:-))[]:text=Someone%20 has%20 updated%2019 th%20 Century,experts%20 have%20 never%20 seen%20 before (accessed on 1 February 2021). * Patterns of GPS Spoofing at Chinese Ports (2021) Patterns of GPS Spoofing at Chinese Ports. Available online: [[https://www.maritime-executive.com/e](https://www.maritime-executive.com/e)]([https://www.maritime-executive.com/e](https://www.maritime-executive.com/e)) editorials/patterns-of-gps-spoofing-at-chinese-ports (accessed on 2 February 2021). * New GPS 'Circle Spoofing' Moves Ship Locations Thousands of Miles (2021) New GPS 'Circle Spoofing-moves-ship-locations-thousands-of-miles/ (accessed on 2 February 2021). * Chinese Fishing Fleet Encroaches on the Galapagos Islands (2021) Chinese Fishing Fleet Encroaches on the Galapagos Islands: HawkEye360 Monitors the Fleet for Suspicious Behavior and Potential Illegal Fishing. Available online: [[https://www.he360.com/insight/potential-illegal-fishing-seen-from-space/](https://www.he360.com/insight/potential-illegal-fishing-seen-from-space/)]([https://www.he360.com/insight/potential-illegal-fishing-seen-from-space/](https://www.he360.com/insight/potential-illegal-fishing-seen-from-space/)) (accessed on 1 February 2021). * ITU-R (2014) [PERSON], M. _2287-0. Automatic Identification System VHF Data Link Loading_; ITU: Geneva, Switzerland, 2014. * [PERSON] (2014) [PERSON] Intelligent Maritime Navigation with the Automatic Identification System.