# Electricity Losses in Focus: Detection and Reduction Strategies--State of the Art
## 4 Methods to Reduce Energy Losses
### Non-Technical Energy Losses
in [91], where a special algorithm was implemented to mitigate non-technical energy losses caused by tampering with smart metering meters. This process was based on the integration of smart grids, which can detect possible mismatches. The central objective of the study was to limit fraud and thereby reduce non-technical energy losses. To this end, the study proposed and analyzed two smart algorithms based on linear regression. These algorithms were designed to study consumer behaviors and abnormal events, with a particular focus on meter tampering and smart meter malfunctions. The proposed model also incorporates categorical variables to identify and localize the time and place of meter malfunction or tampering. The efficacy of the proposed algorithms was thoroughly evaluated through a series of tests, resulting in a high success rate in detecting fraudulent consumers and efficiently identifying faulty meters. A substantial corpus of literature exists related to reducing non-technical energy losses. This field has seen a steady stream of research, fueled by technological advancements, resulting in a steady improvement in the quality and efficacy of studies. A notable approach in this field is presented in the paper [92], where the authors conducted an analysis of a subcategory of non-technical losses, namely, the process of non-payment of financial obligations related to electricity consumption. In the present study, measures have been implemented to address this issue, resulting in a substantial loss of financial resources. The reduction measures implemented are exclusively focused on residential consumers, where most non-payment incidents occur. The reduction methods employed are of two types: legislative implementation, implemented through imposed regulations, and technical, by limiting access to the network for problem customers. The high rate of fraud in developing countries is an issue that has been addressed by researchers [PERSON], [PERSON], [PERSON], and [PERSON] in [93]. The primary focus of their work is to reduce or eliminate these financial losses. These non-technical losses encompass a wide spectrum, ranging from non-payment of bills to more egregious forms of fraud, such as meter tampering and energy theft. The objective of this paper is to propose a system capable of intelligently reading meters and identifying anomalies in meter operation using radio frequency technology. The proposed system is predicated on a digital smart meter comprising voltage and current sensors, an LCD, and an analog-to-digital data converter. This designed device provides a database taken from the energy meters and the base station from which the energy is delivered. The system is designed to generate reports and bills, and these have been compared with the data already processed to test their effectiveness. In conclusion, the integration of the new electricity network monitoring device has proved to be accurate, and it has been successfully implemented in the field in the analyzed area. In conclusion, a review of articles published in the field of non-technical losses indicates potential avenues for enhancing energy supply and reducing the unnecessary expenditure of financial resources. To this end, Figure 13 presents a graphical representation of the evolution of the number of publications and studies carried out in this field of interest between 1975 and 2023. This graph is based on data from Scopus, which makes it possible to analyze the gradual increase in researchers' interest. The data show a steady and gradual increase in the interest of the researchers starting from the middle of the third reference decade, i.e., in 2005, which continues and even intensifies until the last reference decade at the end of 2023. This sustained interest in loss reduction can be attributed to the global importance of sustainability in energy systems. Figure 14 provides a graphical representation of the countries with the greatest interest in reducing electricity fraud.