# IoT's Tiny Steps towards 5G: Telco's Perspective
## 5 IoT in 5G Enabling Technologies
### Summary of IoT in Enabling Technologies  
Performance requirements of activity-based IoT application classes have served to identify the enabling technologies in the radio access part of 5G networks, which are summarized in Table 5. Various 5G enabling technologies have been sorted into eight technological groups:  
1. Wide and flexible bandwidth technology: mmWave band communication and large-scale antennas, heterogeneous multi-RAT integration, cognitive radio, and spectrum sharing;
2. Advanced modulation and coding: advanced modulation schemes, advanced channel coding;
3. Duplexing: in-band FD, dynamic TDD;
4. Multiple access and waveform: multiple access, new waveforms;
5. Advanced interface management: SND, SWSC;
6. Access architecture related radio technologies: advanced small cell, MN, enhanced wireless backhaul, D2D;
7. Energy related technologies: energy harvesting, UAV;
8. Other technologies: mMIMO, VLC, SIC, V2X. These technologies have been discussed in terms of their possibilities to meet performance requirements of activity-based IoT application classes and identify research gaps and directions, which are summarized in Table 6.  
We have highlighted technologies only used to satisfy high priority performance requirements of mMTC activity-based IoT application classes, i.e., connection density, positioning accuracy, and coverage. We have focused on these technologies from telco's perspective, since the area of mMTC activity-based IoT classes is more mature, as its development has already started within LTE, while uMTC poses new research questions to be answered in order to achieve unprecedented levels of reliability needed for new applications in 5G. The new waveform technology may be used to fulfil the requirements of almost every activity-based IoT application class in terms of connection density. This technology affects the connection density by definition. Analysis of different modulation formats indicates that f-OFDM is the most suitable candidate for IoT applications with high connection density requirements. In this regard, a deeper and more comprehensive analysis of f-OFDM is needed in the context of different mMTC activities (i.e., ticketing, tracking, monitoring, and managing/controlling). The result of the analysis to be performed should be the discovery of an optimal waveform for each activity-based IoT class which has to be integrated with other 5G service classes. Large scale antennas and advanced small cell technologies can be used to satisfy the requirements of ticketing-, tracking-, and uMTC managing/controlling-based IoT application classes in terms of positioning accuracy. Fulfilling these performance requirements is rather a business than a technical decision. The size of the 5G cell must be planned to meet the desired position accuracy since it is very important for future IoT applications, such as automated driving, remote surgery, robotics, taxis, etc. Wide and flexible bandwidth technologies, in-band full duplex technologies, access architecture related radio technologies, and mMIMO can be used to achieve the high requirements of ticketing-,tracking-, and monitoring-based IoT application classes in terms of coverage. The combination of these technologies should be tested to find the optimal solution to meet these performance requirements. Since small cell deployment has an impact on required position accuracy, they should serve as a basis for achieving the desired level of coverage. Along with small cell deployment, mMIMO and mmWave technologies are present in almost every 5G prototype. Since this section discusses radio technologies used to accomplish performance requirements of mMTC activity-based IoT application classes, it can serve telecom operators and other interested parties depending on their interest and potential to utilize these findings towards IoT implementation and monetization.