# Water and Wastewater Management in Agriculture
## 2 An Overview of Published Articles
The study carried out by [PERSON] et al. (contribution 11) aimed to assess the quality of rainwater and its suitability for various purposes in the Roztocze National Park (RNP), Poland. This study covered the years 2021-2022 and focused on analysing rainwater collected from the roots of agricultural buildings in the RNP in terms of its organoepitc, physicochemical, and microbiological properties. In the organoepitc assessment, the water was examined for foreign odours, and the odour threshold was determined. The physico-chemical analyses included parameters such as turbidity; colour; pH value; conductivity; concentrations of ammonium ions, nitrates, nitrites, manganese, iron, and chlorides; and total hardness. The microbiological tests included the evaluation of the total bacterial count at 36 \({}^{\circ}\)C and 22 \({}^{\circ}\)C and coliform bacteria, _Escherichia coli_, intestinal enterococci, and _Pseudomonas aeruginosa_. The results showed that the rainwater sampled in the RNP was of satisfactory organoileptic, physicochemical, and microbiological quality and in some cases met drinking water standards. However, occasional exceedances of the permissible limit values were observed, particularly for ammonium ions and microbiological indicators, which were probably due to the contamination of the roof surface by bird droppings. Nevertheless, these occasional exceedances did not preclude the use of rainwater for purposes other than drinking water, such as flushing toilets, washing vehicles, or watering plants, which could significantly reduce the demand for high-quality groundwater. Rainwater to be drunk by the Polish Konik horses living in the park would need to be pre-treated by filtration and disinfection processes (e.g., UV disinfection) to ensure safety. The aim of the following study (contribution 12) by [PERSON] et al. was to evaluate the suitability of exoskeletons and moulds from mealworm cultures (_Tenebrio molitor_) as sorbents for anionic dyes, particularly Reactive Black 5 (RB5) and Reactive Yellow 84 (RY84). The investigation included the characterisation of the sorbents' properties (FTIR and pHZC), the evaluation of the influence of pH on sorption efficiency, the study of sorption kinetics (using pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, and intraparticle diffusion models) and the determination of the maximum sorption capacity (using Langmuir-1, Langmuir-2, Freundlich, and Dubinin-Radushkevich models). It was observed that the highest sorption efficiency of the anionic dyes on the sorbents tested occurred at pH 2. Equilibrium sorption was achieved for both dyes within 120-150 min. The sorption kinetics of the dyes were best described by the pseudo-second-order model. The maximum sorption capacity data were most accurately represented by the Langmuir-2 isotherm, indicating that at least two types of sorption sites are involved in the sorption process of dyes. It is suggested that protonated amine (-NH3+), acetamide (NH2 COCH3+), and hydroxyl (-OH2+) groups of chitin and proteins acted as active sites in both sorbents tested. The maximum sorption capacities for RB5 and RY84 on the sorbents tested were 78.70 mg/g and 60.49 mg/g for mealworm exoskeletons and 55.72 mg/g and 44.25 mg/g for mealworm moles, respectively. Contribution 13, written by [PERSON] et al., investigates the use of agro-industrial waste materials to remove metals and colourants from water. Various techniques have been used to remove pollutants from wastewater prior to disposal, with adsorption processes using residual biomass gaining popularity due to their cost-effectiveness and widespread availability. In this study, modified biochar synthesised from agro-industrial residues from the wheat processing industry was investigated as an alternative to improve the capabilities of these residues in the removal of Cr (VI) and methylene blue (MB) from water. The biochar was heated with a ramp function of 5 \({}^{\circ}\)C/min to 250 \({}^{\circ}\)C for 30 min.