# Leveraging Blockchain and Consignment Contracts to Optimize Food Supply Chains Under Uncertainty
## 7 Conclusions  
This study highlights the differences between consignment and traditional policies in a manufacturer-retailer supply chain system. A consignment arrangement benefits the retailer by dividing the operational and financial costs for maintaining the inventory between the manufacturer and retailer. Blockchain provides an immutable record of food origin, processing, and transportation. Blockchain can improve transparency and trust within the supply chain, allowing consumers to verify the authenticity and safety of their food. With blockchain, detecting tampering or substituting ingredients is easier, potentially reducing food fraud incidents. Blockchain can streamline communication and data sharing between all parties involved in the consignment contract. This can lead to faster processing times, reduced paperwork, and lower administrative costs. Real-time tracking of goods through the supply chain can improve inventory management for both consignors and consignees. This research identifies strategies to deal with demand uncertainty and suggest how much a company should produce. The food industry has many challenges, including deterioration, contamination, and safety. Perishable food items are one of the greatest food production, packaging, and supply chain concerns. Implementing blockchain technology improves the supply chain for perishable foods in several ways, particularly in controlling sharp demand fluctuations. Transparency, traceability, and real-time data sharing are three ways by which this technology might support flexible demand. Due to the lack of information manipulation, blockchain is commonly employed in food supply chains for information tracing. Utilizing blockchain technology also improves consumer safety when purchasing fresh food. The current research takes motivation from actual blockchain-based practices in the real world to track down fresh food information. In the fundamental models, we create models to investigate various situations with and without blockchain. The investigation evaluates the estimated profits obtained under each system by analytically modeling both a traditional and a consignment system. The main contribution of this study is to analyze the profitability of the retailing and supply chain without and with blockchain technology implemented by the food industry. The study findings ensure that the application of the blockchain technology in the food industry is very beneficial to achieve optimized profit. The model provides a quantitative analysis which clearly defines the cause and effect of several factors on a company's profitability. The optimization tool developed in this study will be helpful for industry to predict the exact amount of investments appropriate for blockchain technology. This tool will also be helpful for decision-making and policy development. Companies can decide whether or not to invest in blockchain technology based on the effect of other factors bearing on demand deviation. A focus on the food industry represents one limitation of this study. Future research might apply the concepts to build the model for other sectors also. By considering environmental impacts, such as carbon emissions and waste generation, research may include new area to contribute to the goal of sustainable development. Implementation of an online-to-offline retailing strategy will be an interesting addition in this research direction [32]. By \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c} \hline \hline  & \(\
u_{1}>\
u_{2}\) & \(\
u_{1}<\
u_{2}\) & \(\beta>\gamma\) & \(\beta<\gamma\) \\ \hline Profit for WBC & \(\downarrow\) & \(\uparrow\) & \(\downarrow\) & \(\uparrow\) \\ Profit for BC & \(\uparrow\) & \(\downarrow\) & \(\uparrow\) & \(\uparrow\) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Sensitivity of blockchain parameters on profitability. considering the concept of different game polices, such as Bertrand competition and the Nash equilibrium, one can extend this model further in future.