###### Abstract  
Most food waste is incienerated and reclaimed in Korea. Due to the development of industry, soil and groundwater pollution are serious. The purpose of this study was to study recycled materials and eco-friendly remediation methods to prevent secondary pollution after remediation. In this study, recycled food waste ash was filled in a permeable reactive barrier (PRB) and used as a heavy metal adsorption material. In situ remediation electrokinetic techniques (EK) and acetic acid were used. Electrokinetic remediation is a technology that can remove various polluted soils and pollutants, and is an economical and highly useful remediation technique. Thereafter, the current density increased constantly over time, and it was confirmed that it increased after electrode exchange and then decreased. Based on this result, the acetic acid was constantly injected and it was reconfirmed through the water content after the end of the experiment. In the case of both heavy metals, the removal efficiency was good after 10 days of operation and 8 days after electrode exchange, but, in the case of lead, it was confirmed that experiments are needed by increasing the operation date before electrode exchange. It was confirmed that the copper removal rate was about 74% to 87%, and the lead removal rate was about 11% to 43%. After the end of the experiment, a low pH was confirmed at x/L = 0.9, and it was also confirmed that there was no precipitation of heavy metals and there was a smooth movement by the enhancer and electrolysis after electrode exchange. electrokinetic (EK); electrode exchange; remediation; PRB; heavy metals +
Footnote †: journal: Applied Sciences  
using incineration is increasing steadily every year due to a prohibition on landfilling food waste. Most food waste is incinerated and reclaimed in Korea, and it is necessary to recognize that it is a resource through the recycling of food waste ash. Recently, with the expansion of industrial complexes, the remediation of contaminated ground, such as those near factories, power plants, and clay shooting ranges, has emerged as an important issue [8]. A variety of technologies to remove and restore pollutants from soil have been developed and put into practical use. Among them, soil washing, soil vapor extraction, pumping water treatment, bioventing, and EK are mainly used as on-site restoration technologies in contaminated areas [9; 10; 11; 12; 13]. Since it is difficult to apply ex-situ remediation to complex facilities, various methods are being researched and developed as the number of cases of in-situ remediation of soil increases. Among the remediation techniques, in situ techniques are preferred in terms of cost reduction and for safety due to contaminants; the EK remediation technique is used as an in situ technique suitable for fine-grained soil. Electrophoresis and electroosmosis are the main phenomena of heavy metal removal [3; 14; 15; 16]; however, the EK remediation technique is characterized by reduced hydroxide precipitation and movement of heavy metals at the cathode [9; 17; 18; 19; 20; 21]. The EK remediation technique is being used to remove various pollutants such as heavy metals and organic matter. Improved EK techniques are being studied, and the performance of EK has been improved through research on various coating and electrode materials [22; 23; 24; 25]. In addition, improved EK studies, such as multiple electrode arrangement [26; 27], control of electrolyte pH [28; 29], inorganic/organic acid [30; 31; 32] and chelants [33; 34; 32], have been conducted. The remediation effect has been improved by applying PRB [23; 35; 36], soil washing [37; 38], bioremediation [39; 40], and phytoremediation [41; 42; 43] together with EK. The advantages of the electrokinetic remediation technique can be summarized as follows [44]: first, the electrokinetic remediation technique does not require complex equipment. Second, during electrokinetic remediation, workers or the general public are not exposed to pollutants.