# Web Mapping for Farm Management Information Systems: A Review and Australian Orchard Case Study
## 6 Conclusions
\begin{tabular}{p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt}} \hline \hline \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Terms/Terminology**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Definition**} \\ \hline CS & The coordinate system is a mathematical framework to represent the spatial position of an object in space, and generally consists of two coordinate systems in mapping: geographic (degrees) and projected (metric). \\ \hline Datum & The reference framework for the coordinates system, which defines position, orientation, and the shape of the Earth, e.g., WGS84. Datum could be local and global. \\  & Local datum: an earth model fitted to a specific area of interest, e.g., Australia. \\  & Global datum: an earth model fitted to encompass the whole Earth. \\ \hline EPSG & The European Petroleum Survey Group denotes the specific identity of the coordinate reference system, e.g., 4326 for a WGS84 geographic coordinates system. \\ \hline FMIS & The farm management information system is a digital software system that manages, processes, and delivers insight into data for informed decision making. \\ \hline Geodesy & The science of measuring and understanding Earth' surface, size, orientation, and gravitational field. \\ \hline Georeferencing & A process of associating spatial coordinates to spatial data. \\ \hline GNSS/DGNSS & The Global Navigation Satellite System is a satellite-based navigation system that provides location and time information. \\ \hline GPS/DGPS & The Global Positioning System uses a network of satellites to specify the location on Earth's surface. In DGGPS, D stands for differential, which is differentially corrected from the known station. \\ \hline Image registration vs. rectification & Image registration: a process to align two or more images based on features. \\ \hline IMU & An Inertial Measurement Unit that keeps track of the motion and orientation of the electronic device. \\ \hline Mosaic & Mosaicking or compositing is the process of producing a seamless image from multiple imageries. \\ \hline Orthorectification & A process of image rectification to minimize vertical distortion; the result is an orthophoto. \\ \hline PPP & Precise point positioning is a GNSS that is used for highly accurate positioning. \\ \hline RTK & A real-time kinematic is a satellite navigation technique used to enhance positional accuracy in real time. \\ \hline SBAS & The satellite-based augmentation system is a system of geostationary satellites and ground stations to improve the accuracy of GNSS. \\ \hline Spheroid/Ellipsoid/Geoid & Spheroid: a mathematical spherical model of an object in a 3D space. \\  & Ellipsoid: a mathematical elliptical model of an object with major and major axes in a 3D space. \\  & Geoid: Earth's gravitational model to represent an equipotential surface as a reference to measure elevation. \\ \hline Translation & The shifting of a pair of coordinates from one place to another. \\ \hline UAV & An Unmanned Aerial Vehicle, also known as a drone, is remotely controlled by human operators to capture aerial imagery of earth surfaces. \\ \hline UTM vs. Web Mercator & The Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) is a cylindrical map projection system to represent Earth's surface in a 2D space. \\  & Web Mercator, also known as Spherical Mercator, is widely used for web mapping. \\ \hline Web map vs. web imagery & Web map: a map delivered via the web. \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}   
The following protocol is recommended in the processing of farm location data requiring sub-meter resolution and curation for long periods. 1. **Data capture**: Generally, GNSS spatial data are captured in the geographic coordinates of the World Geodetic System 1984 (WGS84), a global datum, requiring transformation into a local datum. 2. **Datum**: For mapping in Australia, the Geoscience of Australia recommended local datum was the Geocentric Datum of Australia 1994 (GDA94) until 2017 and GDA2020 until 2030. 3. **Coordinate conversion**: Geographic coordinates can be converted to projected coordinates and vice versa within the same datum.