## 3 Results  
### Spatiotemporal Characteristics of NPP Dynamics  
Figure 3 shows the inter-annual variations of NPP of \(\mathrm{F}_{\mathrm{\textit{\tiny{Old}}}}\) and \(\mathrm{F}_{\mathrm{\textit{\tiny{new}}}}\) from 2000 to 2019 in YRB. The annual average NPP of the two kinds of forest showed a significantly increasing trend (\(p<0.0001\)). However, in 2016-2019, the NPP value changed very little. Besides, the annual average NPP of \(\mathrm{F}_{\mathrm{\textit{\tiny{Old}}}}\) was higher than that of \(\mathrm{F}_{\mathrm{\textit{\tiny{new}}}}\) because of the less disturbance to \(\mathrm{F}_{\mathrm{\textit{\tiny{Old}}}}\). However, the significant increasing rate of \(\mathrm{F}_{\mathrm{\textit{\tiny{new}}}}\) was higher than that of \(\mathrm{F}_{\mathrm{\textit{\tiny{Old}}}}\). The increasing rate of \(\mathrm{F}_{\mathrm{\textit{\tiny{new}}}}\) and \(\mathrm{F}_{\mathrm{\textit{\tiny{Old}}}}\) was 3.77 g C m\({}^{-2}\) year\({}^{-1}\), 3.28 g C m\({}^{-2}\) year\({}^{-1}\), respectively. The spatial variations of NPP from 2000 to 2019 were shown in Figure 4. The annual average NPP of \(\mathrm{F}_{\mathrm{\textit{\tiny{new}}}}\) in YRB ranged from 100.80 g C m\({}^{-2}\) to 1419.50 g C m\({}^{-2}\). Besides, the annual average NPP of \(\mathrm{F}_{\mathrm{\textit{\tiny{Old}}}}\) and \(\mathrm{F}_{\mathrm{\textit{\tiny{new}}}}\) exhibited different spatial variations. For \(\mathrm{F}_{\mathrm{\textit{\tiny{Old}}}}\), the higher regions were mainly distributed in the upper of YRB. For \(\mathrm{F}_{\mathrm{\textit{\tiny{new}}}}\), it markedly increased from the northwest to the southeast of the upper of YRB (Figure 4b). More specifically, the higher NPP values were \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Scenario**} & \multirow{2}{*}{\(\mathrm{C}_{\textit{\tiny{Conn}}}\)} & \multirow{2}{*}{\(\mathrm{H}_{\textit{\tiny{Conn}}}\)} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Contribution**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Relative Role**} \\ \cline{4-4} \cline{6-6}  & & & & **Climate (\%)** & & **Human (\%)** & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{S \(>\) 0} & \multirow{3}{*}{1} & \multirow{3}{*}{\(>\)0} & \multirow{3}{*}{\(>\)0} & \(\frac{|C_{\mathrm{\textit{\tiny{Conn}}}}|}{|C_{\mathrm{\textit{\tiny{Conn}}}}|+|H_{ \mathrm{\textit{\tiny{Conn}}}}|}\times\)100 & \(\frac{|H_{\mathrm{\textit{\tiny{Conn}}}}|}{|C_{\mathrm{\textit{\tiny{Conn}}}}|+|H_{ \mathrm{\textit{\tiny{Conn}}}}|}\times\)100 & Both, when climate contribution is greater than human contribution, climate dominates, and vice versa. \\  & & & & & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & \multirow{3}{*}{2} & \multirow{3}{*}{\(>\)0} & \multirow{3}{*}{\(<\)0} & 100 & 0 & Climate change \\  & & & & & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & & & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & \multirow{3}{*}{3} & \multirow{3}{*}{\(<\)0} & \multirow{3}{*}{\(>\)0} & 0 & 100 & Human activities \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & & & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & & & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & \multirow{3}{*}{3} & \multirow{3}{*}{\(>\)0} & \multirow{3}{*}{\(<\)0} & 0 & 100 & Human activities \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Six scenarios for quantifying the contribution proportions of climate and humans to \(\mathrm{F}_{\mathrm{\textit{\tiny{New}}}}\) of restoration and degradation. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Scenario**} & \multirow{2}{*}{\(\mathrm{C}_{\textit{\tiny{Conn}}}\)} & \multirow{2}{*}{\(\mathrm{O}_{\textit{\tiny{Conn}}}\)} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Contribution**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Relative Role**} \\ \cline{4-4} \cline{6-6}  & & & & **Climate (\%)** & & **Other Climatic Factors (\%)** & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{S \(>\) 0} & \multirow{3}{*}{1} & \multirow{3}{*}{\(>\)0} & \multirow{3}{*}{\(>\)0} & \(\frac{|C_{\mathrm{\textit{\tiny{Conn}}}}|}{|C_{\mathrm{\textit{\tiny{Conn}}}}|+|O_{ \mathrm{\textit{\tiny{Conn}}}}|}\times\)100 & \(\frac{|O_{\mathrm{\textit{\tiny{Conn}}}}|}{|C_{\mathrm{\textit{\tiny{Conn}}}}|+|O_{ \mathrm{\textit{\tiny{Conn}}}}|}\times\)100 & Both, when climate contribution is greater than other climatic factors contribution, climate dominates, and vice versa.