## 3 Results
### Local Hemodynamics
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline  & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**DCM Group**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{\(p\)**-Value**} \\ \hline  & **HV** & **Complete-** & **Non-Responders** & **HV vs. Complete-** & **HV vs.** \\  & & **Responders** & **Responders** & **Non-Responders** \\ \hline
**Peak-systole** & & & & & \\ \hline
**Velocity (m/s)** & \(0.140\pm 0.014\) & \(0.099\pm 0.007\) & \(0.096\pm 0.008\) & \(<\)0.001 \({}^{*}\) & \(<\)0.001 \({}^{*}\) \\
**Kinetic Energy (\(\mu\)I)** & \(43.722\pm 4.592\) & \(29.335\pm 1.917\) & \(31.288\pm 2.044\) & \(<\)0.001 \({}^{*}\) & \(<\)0.001 \({}^{*}\) \\
**Vorticity (1/s)** & \(20.306\pm 2.075\) & \(12.934\pm 0.814\) & \(13.331\pm 1.251\) & \(<\)0.001 \({}^{*}\) & \(<\)0.001 \({}^{*}\) \\
**Helicity Density (m/s\({}^{2}\))** & \(-0.042\pm 0.004\) & \(0.036\pm 0.161\) & \(-0.077\pm 0.139\) & \(0.125\) & \(0.417\) \\
**Viscous Dissipation (1/s\({}^{2}\))** & \(970.840\pm 412.093\) & \(412.093\pm 61.107\) & \(421.080\pm 54.870\) & \(<\)0.001 \({}^{*}\) & \(<\)0.001 \({}^{*}\) \\
**Energy Loss (\(\
u\)W)** & \(173.080\pm 39.387\) & \(35.284\pm 14.144\) & \(47.734\pm 12.935\) & \(<\)0.001 \({}^{*}\) & \(<\)0.001 \({}^{*}\) \\ \hline
**E-wave** & & & & & \\ \hline
**Velocity (m/s)** & \(0.187\pm 0.059\) & \(0.097\pm 0.004\) & \(0.099\pm 0.014\) & \(0.007\) \({}^{*}\) & \(<\)0.001 \({}^{*}\) \\
**Kinetic Energy (\(\mu\)I)** & \(5.567\pm 1.810\) & \(3.008\pm 0.074\) & \(3.005\pm 0.423\) & \(0.007\) \({}^{*}\) & \(<\)0.001 \({}^{*}\) \\
**Vorticity (1/s)** & \(26.309\pm 7.895\) & \(14.633\pm 0.755\) & \(14.931\pm 1.963\) & \(0.005\) \({}^{*}\) & \(<\)0.001 \({}^{*}\) \\
**Helicity Density (m/s\({}^{2}\))** & \(0.106\pm 0.441\) & \(0.077\pm 0.065\) & \(0.056\pm 0.119\) & \(0.907\) & \(0.785\) \\
**Viscous Dissipation (1/s\({}^{2}\))** & \(1208.091\pm 574.696\) & \(393.994\pm 26.632\) & \(370.314\pm 80.785\) & \(0.007\) \({}^{*}\) & \(<\)0.001 \({}^{*}\) \\
**Energy Loss (\(\
u\)W)** & \(217.440\pm 126.751\) & \(28.408\pm 6.340\) & \(24.329\pm 11.540\) & \(0.005\) \({}^{*}\) & \(<\)0.001 \({}^{*}\) \\ \hline
**End-Diastole** & & & & & \\ \hline
**Velocity (m/s)** & \(0.075\pm 0.015\) & \(0.077\pm 0.005\) & \(0.073\pm 0.002\) & \(0.796\) & \(0.673\) \\
**Kinetic Energy (\(\mu\)I)** & \(2.291\pm 0.423\) & \(2.359\pm 0.165\) & \(2.266\pm 0.063\) & \(0.739\) & \(0.871\) \\
**Vorticity (1/s)** & \(13.629\pm 2.255\) & \(12.444\pm 0.633\) & \(12.203\pm 0.552\) & \(0.273\) & \(0.099\) \\
**Helicity Density (m/s\({}^{2}\))** & \(-0.025\pm 0.084\) & \(-0.082\pm 0.064\) & \(-0.027\pm 0.096\) & \(0.201\) & \(0.979\) \\
**Viscous Dissipation (1/s\({}^{2}\))** & \(300.577\pm 89.250\) & \(289.131\pm 54.300\) & \(256.496\pm 16.779\) & \(0.795\) & \(0.188\) \\
**Energy Loss (\(\
u\)W)** & \(11.162\pm 7.191\) & \(10.459\pm 7.757\) & \(8.875\pm 1.896\) & \(0.859\) & \(0.395\) \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Global hemodynamics data for HV, complete, and non-responders DCM patients. All quantitative data are expressed as the mean \(\pm\) standard deviation. \({}^{*}\),+ Indicates statistically significant differences (\(p<\) 0.05). Figure 3: Dendrogram and hierarchical clustering results based on average linkage method for ejection fraction and hemodynamic parameters. EF: ejection fraction, V: velocity, KE: kinetic energy, Vo: vorticity, HD: helicity density, VD: viscous dissipation, and EL: energy loss. Figure 4: Relative error values of the volume (**a**) and each hemodynamic parameter (**b**–**g**) obtained comparing the reference segmentation with segmentations given by erosion or dilatation for each group of volunteers and patients at peak systole. * indicates statistically significant differences (_p_ < 0.05). Figure 5: Bullseye plots of mean hemodynamic parameters (**a**–**f**) across 16 segments for volunteers (i) and patients (ii) at the peak systole. * indicates statistically significant differences (_p_ < 0.05).