## 3 Antibiotic Resistance in Hospital and Municipal Wastewater
### Municipal Wastewater
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**S. No** & **Samples** & **Abundances of ARGs** & **Resistance against Antibiotics** & **Most Abundant ARGs** & **References** \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{7} & \multirow{3}{*}{HWW} & Beta-lactam = 4.87 \(\times\) 10\({}^{6}\) & \multirow{3}{*}{Quinolone and beta-lactam resistance} & \(\textit{blaOXA},\textit{blaOXA},\textit{blaTXA},\) & \multirow{3}{*}{[58]} \\  & & copies/mL & & & \(\textit{blaOXA},\textit{blaOXA},\textit{blaTXA},\) & \\  & & Quinolone genes 5.38 \(\times\) 10\({}^{4}\) & & & \(\textit{blaOXA},\textit{blaRYA},\) & \\  & & copies/mL & & & \(\textit{blaOXA},\textit{blaRYA},\textit{glaRYA},\) & \\  & & & copies/mL & & & \(\textit{blaOXA},\textit{glaRYA},\) & \\  & & & 100\% of \(\textit{E. coli}\) & & & \(\textit{blaSHV}\) & \\  & & & 50\% of \(\textit{E. coli}\) & & & \(\textit{blaTXA}\) & \\  & & & 100\% of \(\textit{E. coli}\) & & & \(\textit{blaTEM}\) & \\  & & & 60\% of \(\textit{E. coli}\) & & & \(\textit{blaYnd}\) & \\  & & & 100\% of \(\textit{E. coli}\) & & & \(\textit{Sul1}\) & \\  & & & 50\% of \(\textit{E. coli}\) & & & \(\textit{QurS}\) & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{9} & \multirow{3}{*}{HWW} & \multirow{3}{*}{1.683 \(\pm\) 0.451 ARG/165 rRNA,} & Tetracycline, aminoglycoside, beta-lactam and multidrug & _tet 33, aph/37\({}^{+}\)1, sull, anA_ & [63] \\  & & & & and beta-lactam & & \\ \cline{2-5}  & \multirow{3}{*}{HWW} & HWW & \multirow{3}{*}{1.614 \(\pm\) 0.177 ARG/165 rRNA} & Sulfanomide, aminoglycoside, multidrug and beta-lactam and beta-lactam & _Sul1_, anA_, _quoE_A1 and _hucA_ & [63] \\  & & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{10} & \multirow{3}{*}{HWW} & - & Aminoglycoside, beta-lactam, sulfonamide, macrolide & \multirow{3}{*}{ants, _ErmF_, _msF_, _Blu-VEB_} & [48] \\  & & & & & \(\textit{tetE,MexF_, _TEM_ (_84 subtypes),}\) & \\  & & & & & \(\textit{lt39, _141_, \(A\), _X_-3_ (_2_)}\) & [65] \\  & & & & & \(\textit{subtypes), _AAC-V_, _VanB_, and _df_C_} & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{12} & \multirow{3}{*}{HWW} & - & Beta-lactam, macromolecules, tetracycline, aminoglycoside and methicillin & _bluTEM_, _bktXPC_, _mpltA_, _tetD_, _tethA_, _tetA_, _strB_ and _tethA_ & [68] \\  & & & & & \(\textit{tetE,MexF_, _TEM_ (_84 subtypes),}\) & \\  & & & & & \(\textit{lt39, _141_, \(A\), _X_-3_ (_2_)}\) & [65] \\  & & & & & \(\textit{subtypes), _AAC-V_, _VanB_, and _df_C_} & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{13} & \multirow{3}{*}{HWW} & Tetracycline 1.81 \(\times\) 10\({}^{11}\) & \multirow{3}{*}{Tetracycline and sulfonamide} & _bluTEM_, _bktXPC_, _mpltA_, _tetD_, _tethA_, _tetA_, _strB_ and _tethA_ & [68] \\  & & & & & \(\textit{tetD, _tethA_, _tetA_}\), _tetB_, _tethA_, _tetB_ and _tethA_ & [78] \\  & & & & & \(\textit{netA}\) & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{14} & \multirow{3}{*}{HWW} & - & Beta-lactam, macromolecules, Fluroquinolones, tetracycline and sulfonamides & \multirow{3}{*}{_qrTS_, _tetAW_, _balTEM_ and _ermB_} & [22] \\  & & & & & \(\textit{ernB}\) & \\ \cline{2-5}  & & & & & \(\textit{entD}\) & \\ \cline{2-5}  & & & & & \(\textit{entD}\) & \\ \cline{2-5}  & & & & & \(\textit{intCL}\) & \\ \cline{2-5}  & & & & & \(\textit{entD}\) & \\ \cline{2-5}  & & & & & \(\textit{intCL}\) & \\ \cline{2-5}  & & & & & \(\textit{entD}\) & \\ \cline{2-5}  & & & & & \(\textit{intCL}\) & \\ \cline{2-5}  & & & & & \(\textit{entD}\) & \\ \cline{2-5}  & & & & & \(\textit{intCL}\), and _df_B_, _bkt\({}_{max}\) & [66] \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{17} & \multirow{3}{*}{HWW} & Upto 1 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-3}\) copies of ARG/1668 RNA gene & Linezold, Colisitin, and sulfonamide & _gar, sull and mcr(1–5) genes_ & [67] \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: _Cont._streptomycin, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, tetracycline, gentamicin colistin sulfate and meropenem using the agar diffusion method.