## 3 Results and Discussions
### The Structure of U-Turn Motivation and the Demographic Characters of Each Respondents' Group
In fact, their evaluations of attachment to the hometowns was almost equivalent to those of their current regions of residence. In addition, the shopping environment in their hometowns and climatic conditions in their current residences were both positively evaluated. Nevertheless, they tended to have low U-turn motivation because their current residences allowed for easy management of their ancestral graves. In Japan, sometimes ancestral graves are not located in hometowns because of the changing location with the migration of family members or the integration of other relatives' graves. The node was consisted only of respondents 40 years and older. Their parents had either already passed away, or respondents had to consider the management of their graves by succession. They would have to visit graves periodically, and sometimes beyond their livelihood zones. Therefore, \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l l} \hline \hline \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Node**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**The Notable 1 Demographic Characteristics**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Prevailing Level of U-Turn Motivation**} \\ \multicolumn{1}{c}{} & **of Each Node** & \\ \hline Node 3 & - The ratio of younger people (age \(<\) 40), women and married couples who & \\  & did not live with children, than for other nodes & Low \\  & - Approximately 80\% of respondents had a car in their household & \\ \hline Node 5 & - The ratio of both unmarried respondents and those over the age of 60 were & Low \\  & higher than of other nodes & \\ \hline Node 7 & - & High \\ \hline Node 9 & - Approximately 90\% of respondents were married & Low \\  & - More women than men & Low \\ \hline Node 11 & - & Low \\  & - Most respondents were 30 to 39 years old or 50 to 59 years old & \\  & - The ratio of the eldest sons was highest of all nodes & Medium \\ \hline Node 13 & - & High \\ \hline Node 15 & - Respondents were only 40 years and older & Low \\  & (especially, over 40\% of respondents were over 60 years old) & \\ \hline Node 18 & - Most respondents were over 40 years old & Medium \\  & - The ratio of the eldest sons was over 50\% & Low \\ \hline Node 19 & - & Low \\ \hline Node 20 & - & Medium \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}  
* Only the characteristics that were mentioned in the texts below have been described.  
\end{table} 
Table 7: The notable demographic characteristics of each node. we assumed that easy management of their ancestral graves at the current residences may became decisive factors for their U-turn motivation. Likewise, Nodes 12 and 18 also emphasized the factor related to family properties or human relationships as the last branch condition. Again, most respondents were aged 30 to 39 years old or 50 to 59 at Node 12, and over 40 at Node 18. Assuming that the age difference between them and their parents was 30 years old, some parents of the respondents at Node 12 may require nursing care from them as younger or older elderly adults. The parents of respondents at Node 18 would be aged over 70 years; thus, many had taken over the management of their parents' houses and properties. In addition, according to Tables 6 and 7, the ratio of the eldest sons (including a \"substantive\" eldest son who lost an elder brother or brothers) at Node 12 was highest among all nodes, and that of Node 18 also exceeded over 50%. In Japan, the eldest son and his household generally accepts the responsibility of taking care of and managing parental property. Generally, in Japan, the evaluations of living environments related to family properties or relationships were higher for hometowns than those for current residences as shown in Table 2. That is because people tend to live away from home independently, while their parents and housing property continue to stay at their hometown. The influences of these living environments are much stronger than those of other destinations for migration, for people whose parents have become older (especially for eldest sons). Other studies have indicated that these family-related factors may motivate U-turn migration.