# A Review on Standardizing Electric Vehicles Community Charging Service Operator Infrastructure
## 4 Charging Type
### Wireless Charging: Charging Type
#### 4.2.2 Categorization of Wireless Charging Based on the Wireless Charging Technologies
[121] addressed the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) testing challenges in inductive wireless charging. The authors regulated the power supply transferred to the EVs with the integration of a DC-DC converter at the secondary coil. Further, they studied the impact of alignment and air gap on the induced magnetic field to analyze the issues of EMC testing in wireless charging. However, they did not highlight the misalignment issues due to the induced magnetic field between EVs and the electric grid. To alleviate the misalignment issues in [121], the authors in [122] introduced an 11 kW inductive charging prototype for wireless power transfer. They compared the upgraded prototype with the already designed prototype in [123] to validate the parameters of their research work, such as misalignment and prototype efficiency. However, there is no discussion on regulated power supply, which can make the prototype less efficient. Therefore, to manage the power supply and efficiency concerns, [PERSON] et al. [124] discussed a virtual inertia-based EV charging system for inductive wireless power transfer. They analyzed the efficiency of the charging system to manage the power supply by connecting it to a LabVolt testbed system. * Capacitive wireless charging Capacitive wireless charging is another wireless power transfer technology that utilizes the capacitive interface to transfer the current to the EVs instead of using an electromagnetic field. Coupling capacitors are the main criteria in capacitive wireless charging, used to transfer the AC power to a circuit known as the power factor. The power factor is basically used to measure the amount of power transferred to the EV  
Figure 8: Taxonomy of wireless technologies based on the manufacturer. to enhance the efficiency and reduce the power loss when transmitting the wireless power to the EVs [125; 126; 127]. Moreover, capacitive wireless charging has great potential for inductive charging by managing the power fluctuations and overheating issues efficiently [128]. Many researchers have discussed capacitance wireless charging in their research works to highlight the balance between output power and charging voltage [129]. For example, the authors in [130] studied a capacitance EV charging system to handle the misalignment and power supply challenges considering the different arrangements of the capacitive coupler. They performed the simulation of the designed capacitance in ANSYS Maxwell to provide better coupling capacitance. Despite its advantages, the designed prototype needs to work on the efficiency of the charging system. Further, [PERSON] et al. [131] addressed the challenges of [130] by introducing the capacitive EV wireless charging topologies. They have considered three types of compensation circuits, i.e., LC LCL, and LCLC that are being simulated in the Matlab to highlight the improved efficiency, coupling capacitance, and voltage level of the wireless charging. * Resonant wireless charging Resonance wireless charging works on the principle that maximum power transfer can be performed when the coilv at the sender and receiver's side are at the same resonant frequency. To achieve the resonant frequency, compensation circuits can be added to the wireless charging system to lessen the incurred power loss in the system. While considering the important aspect of wireless charging, i.e., power loss, many authors have ignored the efficiency and misalignment challenges that can occur between the sender's coil and receiver's coil [132]. To highlight and resolve the aforementioned challenges, the authors in [133] utilized the resonant inductive coupling technique for wireless EV charging. They simulated the charging system to obtain optimal power transfer efficiency for charging. However, misalignment and compatibility issues between the magnetic coils are still not discussed to this extent. Misalignment issues of [133] were covered in [134] by designing a load-independent framework for a resonant LCC compensation circuit for EV wireless charging.