## 1 Introduction
These include the formation of matter streams during collisions between crystals and grains, and medium heating due to pore reduction, which is influenced by the viscosity or viscoelastic properties of the deformed material near pore surfaces or by the development of microfluidic flows during pore surface deformation and their interaction with explosive material. Other mechanisms involve local heating of the medium from the shock compression of entrapped gas bubbles, shock wave interactions near inclusions with high wave impedance, frictional heating from relative movement between explosive crystals and grains, and internal friction generated on slip planes within explosive crystals [3; 4; 5; 6]. The dominance of any particular mechanism in the hot spot formation process may vary depending on the specific conditions, or multiple phenomena may act simultaneously. Based on these theoretical premises and the outlined mechanisms, various sensitization methods have been developed to enhance the explosive properties of the emulsion matrix. These methods include the following:* The reduction in matrix density through chemical means;
* The introduction of low-bulk-density substances to decrease overall density;
* The incorporation of solid inhomogeneities to promote localized energy release;
* The addition of high-energy explosives, such as 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), pentrite, nitrocellulose, smokeless powder, complex rocket fuels, hexogen, octogen, and their mixtures. A co-occurrence analysis of the keywords \"emulsion explosives\", \"sensitizers\", and \"detonation parameters\" was conducted to elucidate the relationships and thematic connections between key research areas. The sizes of the circles and labels represent the relative weights of keyword co-occurrences. The network map was constructed using bibliometric data from 30 articles indexed in the Scopus database, published between 2004 and 2024. The visualization of the co-occurrence network was generated using VOSviewer software (version 1.6.20). The analysis identified 26 key elements, which were categorized into three distinct clusters (Figure 1). Our findings indicate a growing research emphasis on the production of emulsion explosives (EEs) through the chemical sensitization of various matrices. This trend is driven by the pursuit of a deeper understanding of how different sensitizing additives influence critical detonation parameters, such as detonation velocity and detonation pressure. The clustering of keywords highlights the interconnected nature of studies focusing on matrix composition modification, the development of novel sensitizers, and their subsequent impact on the energetic and physical properties of EEs. The purpose of this review is to present a comprehensive synthesis of theoretical, practical, and application-oriented research on the sensitization of emulsion explosives. This review not only enhances our understanding of the underlying mechanisms of sensitization, but also lays the groundwork for the development of more effective sensitization strategies. Figure 1: Co-occurrence analysis of keywords (emulsion explosives, sensitizers, and detonation parameters) in articles published between 2004 and 2024 (keyword co-occurrence threshold of 4).