# Wine Production through Virtual Environments with a Focus on the Teaching-Learning Process
## 1 Introduction  
Currently, industrial processes encompass various types of procedures, including chemical, physical, electrical, and mechanical methods. Automation plays a pivotal role in manufacturing high-quality products by enabling the efficient and precise execution of these procedures. Additionally, automation crucially contributes to industrial safety by preventing accidents and adverse events that could result in equipment damage or, in extreme cases, loss of human life. This is achieved through the implementation of control and monitoring systems that regulate plant operations, thus ensuring continuous and safe functioning within specific time intervals [1; 2; 3]. These paradigm shifts in the industrial sector have led technological companies to increasingly adopt automation solutions as a strategy to enhance performance and efficiency in their industrial operations [4; 5]. This shift in focus has resulted in a notable increase in production capacity, consequently necessitating the incorporation of advanced control technologies that enable real-time manipulation through a supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) system [6; 7; 8]. When such a system is connected with a human-machine interface (HMI), this allows the visualization and control of variables and manipulation of the process. Also, every process requires a database to store these variables, and subsequently the decisions made at the managerial level [9; 10]. This interaction between the HMI and the database in the SCADA system facilitates the exchange of information about process variables in real time [11; 10]. As described, industrial processes are made up of actuators, transducers, and controllers that work together in order to automate industrial processes. The main objective ofindustrial automation is to improve production and product quality; for this, it is considered essential to control, manipulate, and visualize the process through SCADA systems. However, it is relevant to consider the communication or exchange of data in real time during the operation of the process. Communication between devices from different vendors can be performed by means of generic drivers such as OLE for process control (OPC) [11; 12]. These allow communication between programmable logic controllers (PLC) programming software, such as Tia Portal V16, Step7 v5.6, and Micro Ladder, and software focused on the visualization of industrial processes, such as LabVIEW 2022, InTouch v9.5, and WinCC V8.0. The use of these software programs in the field of education allows teachers to impart their knowledge about the design and implementation of process control through the manipulation of teaching modules made up of industry-specific actuators and transducers [13; 14]. However, a limitation is that the equipment cannot be used for all types of processes, which limits the development of industrial process control [5; 15]. This is the reason why the development of new tools that complement this teaching-learning process focuses on allowing the student to achieve a better understanding of the behavior of industrial processes. Tools such as simulators do not offer user-friendly interaction with the results of the process; therefore, various research works have focused on developing virtual environments that represent industrial jobs through real PLC controllers using the HIL technique [16; 17]. This allows students to manipulate the process control hardware, that is, PLC or InTouch screens of a real process in a virtual work environment. This is achieved by implementing the HIL technique, which allows real-time communication between the physical parts, i.e., the controller or device that controls the characteristics of the real process, and the virtual environment that simulates the industrial process. This allows testing and evaluation of hardware operation in a safe and controlled environment, preventing possible failures or even equipment breakdowns, and also allows modifications of gains or dynamic parameters of the system in order to improve the designed control.