# Analysis of Driving Behavior of Micromobility Vehicle Users at Mini-Roundabouts
## 2 Materials and Methods
### Analytical Method  
From the video analysis carried out using the Tracker software, for each event (crossing maneuver of each participant performed both with the e-scooter and with the bicycle), the following parameters relating to the riding behavior of the riders/cyclists were recorded:  
* Crossing trajectory on the main street.
* The position occupied in the lane. The three typical parts of roundabouts were considered; therefore, for each trajectory, the position occupied was defined in the entry, circle, and exit phases. To define this parameter, the scheme in Figure 3 was used, in which the entry and exit lanes were divided into 3 zones, while the circulatory roadway was divided into 6 zones. In all cases, Zone 1 is the one closest to the island (central island or divisional island).
* Speed profile for the entire trajectory.
* Average riding speed in the entry phase.
* Average riding speed in the circulation phase.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l} \hline \hline
**Feature** & **Specification** \\ \hline Dimensions (Folded/Unfolded) & 180 \(\times\) 97 \(\times\) 77 mm/183 \(\times\) 253 \(\times\) 77 mm \\ \hline Weight & 595 g \\ \hline Maximum Speed & 19 m/s (approx. 68.4 km/h) \\ \hline Maximum Flight Altitude & 5000 m \\ \hline Wind Resistance & Up to 10.7 m/s \\ \hline Flight Time & Up to 31 min in optimal conditions \\ \hline Camera Sensor & 1-inch CMOS, 20 MP \\ \hline Video Resolution & Up to 5.4K at 30 fps; 4K at 60 fps \\ \hline Photo Formats & JPEG and RAW \\ \hline Zoom & Up to 4\(\times\) in 4K, 6\(\times\) in 2.7K, 8\(\times\) in 1080p \\ \hline Storage & 8 GB internal; expandable via microSD (up to 256 GB) \\ \hline Obstacle Sensors & Front, rear, top, bottom \\ \hline Navigation Systems & GPS, GLONASS, GALILEO \\ \hline Transmission Range & Up to 12 km (OcuSync 3.0) \\ \hline Flight Modes & MasterShots, FocusTrack, Hyperlapse \\ \hline Operating Frequencies & 2.4 GHz and 5.8 GHz \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 1: Drone “DJI Air 2S” performance specifications.  
Figure 2: Drone DJI Air 2S.  
For both vehicles used in the survey, the parameters obtained were used to define the speed cumulative curves and the distribution of vehicles according to the occupied area in the three typical phases of roundabout trajectories.  
In order to define the driving behavior of micromobility vehicle operators in terms of speed, the 85 th percentile speed was selected as a representative parameter for operating speed. The 85 th percentile is widely recognized as a reliable benchmark for assessing road safety [25, 26]. It is defined as \"the speed below which 85% of all vehicles are observed in moving traffic\". This standard is used by traffic engineers to set safe speed limits, minimize accidents, and promote smooth traffic flow along corridors.  
In addition to the 85 th percentile, the 5 th, 10 th, 50 th, 90 th, and 95 th percentiles also provide valuable insights: The lower percentiles describe cautious behavior, the 50 th percentile represents the median behavior of road users, while the higher percentiles represent aggressive or potentially risky dynamics. A combined analysis of these percentiles provides a deeper understanding of different driving strategies and offers useful guidelines for improving the safety and efficiency of infrastructure [4, 27, 28].