## 4 Prevention Mechanisms of the Proposed Scheme
### _RSU Network Prevention Mechanism Against Hybrid DoS Attacks_
As discussed earlier, this section classifies the path value on the basis of the trained structure. The identified malicious vehicle or node is always sent for recovery or maintenance. The following evaluations are also made. Analysis of Jitter, Throughput, and Prediction Accuracy of the Proposed Scheme and the Other Contending Schemes

Based upon the proposed scheme models and algorithms, comparison analysis is made with the other contending schemes, such as CUCKOO/Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) and Firefly/Genetic algorithm (GA) models and algorithms. We determined jitter, throughput, and the prediction accuracy. Based upon this, we evaluated end-to-end delay using attacked packet detection algorithms (APDA) and the models in the network, which detected HDSA, including DoS JSA and other attacks observed in the paths of vehicles traveling in the network. V2V, V2 RSU, and RSU2V communication processes were utilized. We utilized the simulation with the APDA, including unicast and multicast/broadcast data transmission. We also utilized single next hop vehicle (SNHV) data transfer probability based upon the proposed scheme models (HDAM, and PSAM integrated with PESATRM) concerning the vehicle communication processes, which include V2V, V2 RSU, and RSU2V communication. IEEE 802.11p beacon transmissions were utilized in the network, which is based upon DSRC technology. Thus, the proposed scheme prevention performed in the network, compared with the prevention performed with the other contending schemes, including CUCKOO (ABC) and Firefly (GA), were evaluated based on Jitter, throughput, and prediction accuracy, as follows. Figure 9: Regression model. ### Jitter Analysis

Figure 10 illustrates the Jitter for the proposed scheme versus two other schemes. Evaluating the Jitter, the proposed scheme jitter was compared to the other contending schemes, such as Firefly (GA) and CUCKOO (ABC). This evaluation was based upon the end-to-end delayed path of the vehicle communication process observed in the network. For the proposed scheme models, which include HDAM, PSAM, and the PESATRM communication process, the jitter is 60 ms less, whereas the jitter values for CUCKOO (ABC) and Firefly (GA) were 93 ms and 89 ms, respectively, which are high. This is because the proposed scheme architecture models utilized the training structure and did not have to compare the entire feature set, which consumes a lot of time in the case of HDSA, including DoS JSA and other threat detection, based upon the attacked packet transmitted in the model architecture. However, both Firefly (GA) and CUCKOO (ABC) are iterative in nature, and hence consume a lot of time. Mathematically, the jitter can be computed in Equation (19. The jitter comparison are given in Table 5. Table 6 shows the average jitter value for different schemes. \[Avg_{Jitter}=\frac{Max_{Jitter}-Min_{Jitter}}{2} \tag{19}\]\[\%\text{ {Improvement}}=\text{ {\frac{(Final\ \times\ 100)}{Initial}}} \tag{20}\]

### Throughput Analysis

The second evaluation is performed on the basis of throughput. As emphasized already, the throughput evaluation is also based upon the comparison of the proposed scheme with the other contending schemes, which are Artificial Bee Colony (CUCKOO) and Genetic Algorithm (Firefly) schemes. The throughput is determined using the formula as follows in Equation (21):

\[\text{Throughput}=\text{Tdp}\times\text{tm} \tag{21}\]

Tdp is the total delivered packets, and tm is total time tp transmit information from the transmitting vehicle or node to the receiving vehicle or node in the proposed scheme SAM. Table 7 shows the throughput. The proposed scheme algorithms and models, which include HDAM, PSAM, and PESATRM, utilize maximum time. This results in the least end-to-end delay of the path of the vehicles' jitter values. Thus, we envisage that time value is important and time value is utilized in transferring the data packets securely and efficiently.