## 4 Conclusions  
This article compares vibrations induced by fundamentally different sources:  
Vibrations generated during blasting operations in an open-pit mine, whose intensity can be controlled by adjusting the parameters of the blasting operations (e.g., the mass of the explosive charges). This is the result of prior research aimed at minimizing the impact on structures surrounding the mine.  
Vibrations induced by natural mining tremors in an underground mine, which cannot be predicted in terms of occurrence time, location, and energy.  
The conducted analyses allow us to conclude the following:  
1. Vibrations induced by blasting in open-pit mines and those caused by seismic events in underground mines are both sporadic events with short durations, resulting in brief interactions with the building structures.
2. In the analyzed examples, the frequency characteristics of vibrations (vibration structure) from both sources are significantly similar. Vibrations induced by blasting predominantly range from 5.01 Hz to 7.98 Hz, while the dominant frequency range for vibrations induced by seismic events is broader, ranging from 3.98 Hz to 10.00 Hz.
3. The assessment of the impact, conducted using the SWD-I scale of the PN-B-02170:2016-12 standard, categorizes vibrations induced by blasting in open-pit mines into zone I--negligible impact on building structures. However, vibrations induced by seismic events in underground mines fall into zone II of the SWD-I scale--non-damaging vibrations for the structures, but accelerated wear of the building can be expected.
4. The previous conclusion is also supported by the comparative analysis using the VPIB indicator, which shows significantly higher values for seismic-induced vibrations.
5. The assessment of the impact conducted using the MSIS-2017 categorizes vibrations induced by both blasting in open-pit mines and seismic events in underground mines as level 0--weakly perceptible, no damage.
6. The parameter significantly differentiating vibrations is the Arias intensity of the seismic signal, as confirmed by the assessment using the MSIS-2017.  
The presented material constitutes a unique dataset (in the literature, it is difficult to find publications concerning the impact on the same building of vibrations induced by blasting operations in an open-pit mine and mining tremors in an underground mine), that can be used in potential disputes regarding mining damages resulting from open-pit mining activities. The results clearly demonstrate that the Arias intensity of mining tremors induced in an underground mine located 10 km from the measurement site is nearly 10 times greater than the Arias intensity of vibrations induced by blasting performed in an open-pit mine located approximately 400 m away, with very similar maximum vibration velocities recorded at the protected site. Further observations may serve to introduce potential corrections in the methodology of analyzing vibrations regarding their harmfulness to building structures. Simply correlating vibration velocity with frequency, without considering the duration of vibrations, can lead to erroneous interpretations.  
Conceptualization, A.S. and J.P.; methodology, A.S. and J.P.; formal analysis, A.S. and J.P.; investigation, A.S. and J.P.; resources, A.S. and J.P.; data curation, A.S. and J.P.; writing--original draft preparation, A.S. and J.P.; writing--review and editing, A.S. and J.P.; visualization, A.S.; funding acquisition, J.P. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
This research received no external funding.  
Not applicable.  
Data Availability StatementThe original contributions presented in the study are included in the article; further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding author.  
The authors declare no conflicts of interest.