###### Abstract  
Structural glass plays an important role in modern architecture, interior design, and building design. It has earned this title primarily because of its properties, such as transparency and its importance in lighting a space. Glass is a challenging building material because of its unpredictability and fragile behaviour. Its fragility, and the way it disintegrates, are the main reasons for using glass in collaboration with timber. The aim of this study is to provide researchers with a more detailed analysis of the influence of the cross-section of I-beams made of timber and glass on the load-bearing capacity and stiffness of each element, based on the research carried out as a basis for such a study. Special attention is focused on analysing the influence of different bonding line types. Composite materials are usually made of a combination of several materials. The goal in making composites is to create a synergy between these materials and combine the good properties of each part of the component. timber-glass I-beams; timber; glass; adhesive +
Footnote †: journal: Medical Imaging  
0000-0001-6000-0000][PERSON]. [PERSON]  
1 Faculty of Civil Engineering, Transportation Engineering and Architecture, University of Maribor, Smetanova 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; andrejsstruckj@um. extreme forces for short periods of time without failing. At the same time, its structure gives it lightness and efficiency as an insulating material. Timber has excellent insulating properties and helps to reduce thermal bridging problems. This puts it ahead of its main competitors in the construction sector--concrete and steel. Timber and glass are special materials with specific properties. Joining them is therefore a demanding task that requires a lot of specific knowledge about the material properties of both materials and the joining element--the adhesive. A good knowledge of their advantages and disadvantages is therefore essential. The bond between timber and glass cannot be completely rigid because the two materials behave very differently due to their different coefficients of thermal expansion and humidity. Table 1 shows the material properties of float glass compared to timber C30. Glass has a high modulus of elasticity of about 70 GPa, which is about six times higher than the modulus of elasticity of softwood in the grain direction. This figure tells us that glass is a relatively rigid material. Properly used glass elements can therefore make an important contribution to the stiffness of the overall structure. The problem that remains is the behaviour of the glass, which is almost linearly elastic until failure. The strength of the glass is highly dependent on the type of load. The compressive strength of glass is extremely high, usually between 700 and 900 MPa, which is about 40 times the strength of timber. The tensile bending strength depends on the type of glass, but generally ranges from 45 MPa for float glass to 150 MPa for chemically strengthened glass. Both values are much higher than the tensile strength of timber. The coefficient of thermal expansion \(\alpha_{\mathrm{T}}\) is of critical importance when using timber-glass composites. \(\alpha_{\mathrm{T}}\) values for glass, softwood, and hardwood are \(0.9\times 10^{-5}\) K\({}^{-1}\), \(0.5\times 10^{-5}\) K\({}^{-1}\), and \(0.8\times 10^{-5}\) K\({}^{-1}\), respectively. For composites exposed to high temperature effects, increased shear stresses may occur in the adhesives between the timber and glass elements, and this should be considered in the design. The concept of timber-glass I-beams (TGIB) emerged in the early 2000s. In the development of this type of beam, two concepts were presented in principle, namely TGIB with flanges attached directly to the glass web (TGIB-gw), and TGIB with groove in the flanges (TGIB-gf). The first more technically sophisticated designs were studied by researcher [PERSON] (1977) at the Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne in Switzerland.