## 4 Dynamic Assessment of Movement Performance
### Wearable Strain Gauges
#### 4.1.1 Sensing Gloves  
In the measurements of hands or finger motion, sensors with remarkably high sensitivity and fast response are required. One of these sensor systems has been manufactured by directly applying a thin film of conductive materials on a polymeric substrate. In [64], the role of wearable sensory gloves and sensory feedback devices is illustrated to understand the aids to process the prostheses production or impaired sensory limbs for the individual athlete and to characterize the instruments. The sensory gloves were designed by the strain gauge, pressure, and temperature to accomplish the movement analysis variables by receiving the vibrotactile and mechano-tactile feedback. In this example, the quality and structure of the sensory gloves were stretchable, flexible to fold and bend, gauge factors, power consumption, absorbent, and comfort (Figure 3). In particular, in [61], the authors used a commercial glove made of Nitrile Butadiene Rubber, which has been spray coated with a patterned layer of conductive material through a stencil mask (i.e., Electroless Nickel Immersion Gold). In this way, the sensor shows a strain resistance response featured by two linear regions with an extremely high sensitivity value. Other authors present [60] prototype instrumented gloves that have been manufactured by a knitted process combining non-conductive yarn (i.e., polyester) and conductive yarn (i.e., 99% silver-coated nylon) with a 30 Ohm/cm linear resistance. Moreover, the resulting knitted structure is more elastic than other fabrics. Five sensors implemented with this technique were placed on the wrist and over the proximal interphalangeal and metacarpophalangeal joints of the four fingers and thumb. Although the conductive yarn presents a constant value for electrical resistivity and strength, it is possible to vary with the design of the sensor's shape, the number of contact points, and the contact pressure. Consequently, the electrical resistance of the contact can decrease with the increase in contact pressure and contact points inside the conductive knit. Capturing hand kinematics is necessary for medical applications, such as rehabilitation and hand function evaluation [57], and determining the recovery progress of stroke patients' hands. Studies on hand kinematics capturing have used noncontact-based or wearable  
Figure 3: Sensing gloves are devices with more sensors attached to fingers and/or palms to track motions and obtain information about hands’ behaviors. technology [65; 66; 67]. Wearable systems offer a practical solution for capturing precise hand kinematics without being limited by environmental constraints. Physicians can effectively observe finger motions by utilizing sensors attached to the fingers of a data glove. This feature allows for accurate monitoring and analysis of hand movements without being hindered by external factors. Sensor-based garments are ubiquitous due to the interest in wearable devices, which can be used to monitor human posture and gestures. The systems have evolved dramatically, and the recent advances in this area can be worn for a long time with non-discomfort [68]. Bioengineering places significant emphasis on monitoring human body kinematics, posture, and gestures. This focus area aims to develop techniques and technologies that precisely measure and analyze these aspects. By understanding and monitoring human movement, bioengineering contributes to various fields such as healthcare, rehabilitation, sports science, and ergonomics. In [69], the wearable sensing glove for monitoring hand gestures and posture has been developed. The glove sensing capability is based on optical fiber Bragg gratings sensors. As the base structure is a standard glove, there are no significant issues concerning wearability. Plus, based on the strategy to apply the sensing structure, different gloves can be easily manufactured with varied sizes, materials, and styles.