## 4 Design and Measurement
Figure 15a,b shows the measured S-parameters results of the fabricated circuits designed at the operating frequencies of 3 and 2 GHz, respectively. Furthermore, conventional WPDs without DGS were also fabricated and compared with the proposed circuits, which are illustrated in Figure 15. Additionally, the measured results of the proposed WPD were compared with conventional WPDs without DGS designed at the same frequencies, i.e., 3 and 2 GHz, as shown in Table 5. Furthermore, the respective parameters, i.e., \(S_{21}\), \(S_{31}\), \(S_{11}\) and \(S_{32}\), of the proposed circuit and the conventional WPD are compared with other works in Table 5.  
Both circuits designed at the resonating frequencies of 2 and 3 GHz are well matched at all ports. Reflection losses, \(S_{22}\) and \(S_{33}\) of both WPDs are reported be \(<\)\(-20\) dB, which are rather promising results. Figure 16a,b shows the measured S-parameter results, \(S_{22}\) and \(S_{33}\), of the fabricated circuits. Figure 12: Photographs of the fabricated WPD circuit designed at 3 GHz. It is clear from the measured results that good agreement is achieved, and the overall results match the required specifications of the proposed [PERSON] power divider. The measured results are approximately identical to the simulated results and have acceptable results. The fabricated circuits designed at resonating frequencies of 3 and 2 GHz have relatively good return losses \(S_{11}\) of about \(-25.54\) and \(-31.24\) dB, respectively, and achieve good isolations between its output ports, in an order of about \(S_{32}=-40.83\) and \(-36.05\) dB within the operating bandwidth, respectively, which is rather exceptional and acceptable. Both Ports 2 and 3 of both dividers achieve approximately equally divided power, i.e., \(S_{31}\approx S_{21}\approx-3\) dB. The measured results, i.e., \(S_{11}\), \(S_{21}\), \(S_{31}\) and \(S_{32}\), of both WPDs designed at operating frequencies of 2 and 3 GHz are illustrated in Table 5.  
The improved isolation between the output ports yields good bandwidth for the proposed circuit. Therefore, the calculated operating bandwidths, \(f_{H}-f_{L}\) (where \(f_{H}\) is the higher frequency and \(f_{L}\) is the lower frequency of the passband) of the proposed circuit are 0.49 and 0.65 GHz of the WPDs designed at the center frequencies of 2 and 3 GHz, respectively (considering \(S_{11}\leq-15\) dB ). The bandwidths of the proposed work are compared with other similar works in Table 5. Table 5 shows comparatively good bandwidths as compared to other works. The measured results of this work were compared with other similar works as well as with conventional WPDs without DGS. Furthermore, the measured s-parameters results, \(S_{11},S_{21},S_{31}\) and \(S_{32}\), of the conventional WPDs without the DGS were compared with the results of the proposed circuit and other major works. Table 5 shows desirable and improved return loss \(S_{11}\) and better isolation \(S_{32}\) results as compared with other major similar works as well as conventional WPDs. In some cases, the proposed work demonstrates better results than other works. Hence, the improved results of the proposed structure show considerable reliability and efficiency. Furthermore, the effective occupied areas of the fabricated WPDs were also compared with other works, as shown in Table 5, which demonstrates comparable or more desired effective areas.