## 4 Simulation Results
### Case 2  
Using Figure 12b solar insolation data to simulate how the C-ugrid operates in cloudy day conditions, the same electricity profile in Figure 13 is again considered as the load demand. In this case, the solar insolation is worse than that in case 1, the PV system may thus be thought to only provide limited PV power. In the simulation results in Figure 15a, home user electricity is supplied by the PV system and BES only between about 10:06 and 17:29. Power supply by DERs in this case is less than that in case 1. Electricity distribution of each hour for different power supplies in the C-ugrid is found in Figure 15b. Table 2 shows the quantified electricity of each hour relating to Figure 15b; the total load demand electricity for 5 home users was 83.63 kWh in the C-ugrid, and this was supplied by the utility grid (52.47 kWh) and C-ugrid (31.16 kWh). Due to the poorer solar insolation, the power output of C-ugrid was more reduced than that in case 1. In Figure 15c, it was found that insufficient solar insolation caused limited BES charging, and a maximum SOC of about 53% of BES was indicated in it. Input and output power of BES is shown in Figure 15d as well.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Electricity (kWh)**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Electricity (kWh)**} \\ \cline{2-7}
**Time (h)** & \begin{tabular}{c} **Load** \\ **Demand** \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} **Grid** \\ **Power** \\ **Supply** \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} **C-ugrid** \\ **Power** \\ **Supply** \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} **Time (h)** \\ **Down** \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} **Load** \\ **Demand** \\ **Supply** \\ \end{tabular} & \
\begin{tabular}{c} **Grid** \\ **Power** \\ **Supply** \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} **C-ugrid** \\ **Power** \\ **Supply** \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline
0:00–01:00 & 3.13 & 3.13 & 0.00 & 12:00–13:00 & 6.56 & 0.01 & 6.55 \\
01:00–02:00 & 3.18 & 3.18 & 0.00 & 13:00–14:00 & 5.97 & 0.01 & 5.96 \\
02:00–03:00 & 2.75 & 2.75 & 0.00 & 14:00–15:00 & 4.44 & 0.01 & 4.43 \\
03:00–04:00 & 2.61 & 2.61 & 0.00 & 15:00–16:00 & 2.74 & 0.01 & 2.73 \\
04:00–05:00 & 2.22 & 2.22 & 0.00 & 16:00–17:00 & 2.42 & 0.01 & 2.41 \\
05:00–06:00 & 2.68 & 2.68 & 0.00 & 17:00–18:00 & 3.36 & 0.01 & 3.35 \\
06:00–07:00 & 3.09 & 2.52 & 0.57 & 18:00–19:00 & 3.42 & 0.01 & 3.41 \\
07:00–08:00 & 2.70 & 0.51 & 2.19 & 19:00–20:00 & 4.29 & 0.01 & 4.28 \\
08:00–09:00 & 2.41 & 0.02 & 2.39 & 20:00–21:00 & 4.97 & 0.01 & 4.96 \\
09:00–10:00 & 2.21 & 0.01 & 2.20 & 21:00–22:00 & 4.79 & 2.65 & 2.14 \\
10:00–11:00 & 2.09 & 0.01 & 2.07 & 22:00–23:00 & 4.64 & 4.64 & 0.00 \\
11:00–12:00 & 3.25 & 0.01 & 3.24 & 23:00–24:00 & 3.72 & 3.72 & 0.00 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}  
* Total electricity: Load demand—83.63 (kWh); Grid power supply—30.75 (kWh); C-ugrid power supply—52.88 (kWh).  
\end{table}
Table 1: Obtained electricity for each hour related to Figure 14b. 1  
Figure 15: _Cont._Figure 15: Simulation results for case 2. (**a**) Electricity response in the simulated C-ugrid; (**b**) Electricity distribution for each hour in the simulated C-ugrid; (**c**) Charging and discharging states of BES units in the simulated C-ugrid; (**d**) Input and output power of BES units in the simulated C-ugrid.