###### Abstract  
Climacteric symptoms, as well as postmenopausal estrogen deficiency, have been associated with many psychological problems and the risk of osteoporosis and heart disease. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to evaluate, for the first time, the dose-dependent effect of water chestnut (WC), also known as _Trupa biconnis_, a fruit extract, on ovariectomy (OVX)-induced menopause in ICR mice. After bilateral OVX surgery, 200, 100, and 50 mg/kg of WC and 200 mg/kg of organicate concentrate powder (PCP) were administered orally for 84 days from 4 weeks after OVX operation. Then, anti-climacteric activities were evaluated in five groups: (1) estrogen, (2) anti-obesity, (3) hypolipidemic, (4) hepatoprotective, and (5) anti-osteoporosis effects. Different biochemical assays, histopathological and morphological inspections, and mRNA expression findings showed that OVX-induced estrogen deficiency-related AMPK decrease was associated with climacteric symptoms such as obesity, hyperlipidemia, hepatic steatosis, and osteoporosis in ICR mice. However, these climacteric effects were reversed in OVX rats by treating them with WC at a dose relative to the same dose of PCP in OVX-ICR mice (200 and 100 mg/kg). Water chestnut fruit extract demonstrated promise as a complementary treatment for menopausal symptoms, indicating possible uses in the health of women through supplements or prescription drugs. Keywords:ovariectomy; climacteric symptoms; water chestnut; anti-obese; hepatoprotective; anti-osteoporotic; functional food +
Footnote †: journal: Medical  
-hormone therapy and the utilization of alternative treatments such as phytoestrogens to reduce menopausal symptoms [1; 7]. Water chestnut (WC), scientific name _Trapa biconnis_, is a famous aquatic plant belonging to the Rhombaceae family. Commonly found in China, Japan, India, and Southeast Asia, is characterized by two thick horns. WC grows in shallow paddy fields, reservoirs, or lakes and has a history of use in ethnomedicine to treat diseases such as stomach ulcers and diarrhea [8]. Its key components include starch, dietary fiber, and polyphenols such as trapain and ellagic acid. Investigations into WC from the _T. japonica_ species have demonstrated its anti-adipogenic and anti-diabetic properties, as well as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities [9; 10; 11; 12]. Considering concerns about the safety of conventional treatments for women, developing supplementary food or functional food items from natural sources appears to be a great promise for resolving this issue. Water chestnut has high levels of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, minerals, and vitamins (B1, B2, B5, B6, E, A, and C). Water chestnut includes dietary fibers, polyphenols including phenolic acids and flavonoids, and hydrolyzable tannins. These bioactive chemicals are thought to have anti-diabetic, antioxidant, antibacterial, and anticancer properties [13]. According to [PERSON] et al. [14], water chestnut peels have significantly more phenolic chemicals than their kernels. Water chestnut contains a number of beneficial components, including fibers, vitamins, fatty acids, minerals, proteinase inhibitors, cysteine, lectin, and quercetin; starch (85-97.4% dry basis) is the primary component of this crop, indicating its potential as a nutritious food [15]. By examining the potential of water chestnut (_Trapa biconnis_), a plant recognized for its rich phytochemical profile, as a safer, plant-based therapy for menopausal symptoms, this study fills a major gap in the literature. The precise benefits of water chestnut on menopausal symptoms have not been adequately explored, despite some knowledge of its nutritional and antioxidant qualities [14; 15]. The study sheds light on the effectiveness of water chestnut extract in reducing climacter symptoms using an ovariectomy-induced mouse model to mimic menopause. This could lead to the development of a new, natural treatment option for women looking for alternatives to hormone replacement therapy.