## 3 Results
### First Stage
Importantly, growth was found to be delayed in the media supplemented  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Type of Medium**} & **Concentration** & \multirow{2}{*}{**t\({}_{\text{ag}}\) [h]**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**t\({}_{\text{log}}\) [h]**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**t\({}_{\text{max}}\) [h\({}^{-1}\)]**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**AOD**} \\  & & & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{Barium} & 0 & 6.0 & 18.0 & 0.0341 \(\pm\) 0.0033 \({}^{\ast}\) & 1.542 \(\pm\) 0.204 \({}^{\ast}\) \\  & 50 & 4.0 & 22.0 & 0.0334 \(\pm\) 0.0020 \({}^{\ast}\) & 1.442 \(\pm\) 0.060 \({}^{\ast}\) \\  & 100 & 4.0 & 22.0 & 0.0313 \(\pm\) 0.0011 \({}^{\ast}\) & 1.447 \(\pm\) 0.210 \({}^{\ast}\) \\  & 150 & 6.0 & 20.0 & 0.0342 \(\pm\) 0.0017 \({}^{\ast}\) & 1.319 \(\pm\) 0.098 \({}^{\ast}\) \\  & 200 & 6.0 & 22.0 & 0.0314 \(\pm\) 0.0005 \({}^{\ast}\) & 1.442 \(\pm\) 0.082 \({}^{\ast}\) \\  & 250 & 6.0 & 20.0 & 0.0338 \(\pm\) 0.0006 \({}^{\ast}\) & 1.381 \(\pm\) 0.044 \({}^{\ast}\) \\  & 300 & 6.0 & 22.0 & 0.0298 \(\pm\) 0.0020 \({}^{\ast}\) & 1.339 \(\pm\) 0.147 \({}^{\ast}\) \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{Zinc} & 0 & 6.0 & 18.0 & 0.0341 \(\pm\) 0.0033 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 1.542 \(\pm\) 0.204 \({}^{\ast}\) \\  & 50 & 6.0 & 18.0 & 0.0366 \(\pm\) 0.0010 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 1.605 \(\pm\) 0.155 \({}^{\ast}\) \\  & 100 & 6.0 & 20.0 & 0.0325 \(\pm\) 0.0018 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 1.645 \(\pm\) 0.096 \({}^{\ast}\) \\  & 150 & 6.0 & 20.0 & 0.0358 \(\pm\) 0.0019 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 1.554 \(\pm\) 0.170 \({}^{\ast}\) \\  & 200 & 6.0 & 20.0 & 0.0318 \(\pm\) 0.0012 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 1.653 \(\pm\) 0.320 \({}^{\ast}\) \\  & 250 & 6.0 & 20.0 & 0.0324 \(\pm\) 0.0028 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 1.600 \(\pm\) 0.057 \({}^{\ast}\) \\  & 300 & 6.0 & 20.0 & 0.0306 \(\pm\) 0.0022 \({}^{\text{b}}\) & 1.535 \(\pm\) 0.295 \({}^{\ast}\) \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{Aluminum} & 0 & 6.0 & 18.0 & 0.0341 \(\pm\) 0.0033 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 1.542 \(\pm\) 0.204 \({}^{\ast}\) \\  & 50 & 6.0 & 20.0 & 0.0321 \(\pm\) 0.041 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 1.344 \(\pm\) 0.077 \({}^{\ast}\) \\  & 100 & 6.0 & 20.0 & 0.0322 \(\pm\) 0.0030 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 1.337 \(\pm\) 0.169 \({}^{\ast}\) \\  & 150 & 6.0 & 24.0 & 0.0286 \(\pm\) 0.0032 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 1.370 \(\pm\) 0.053 \({}^{\ast}\) \\  & 200 & 6.0 & 24.0 & 0.0265 \(\pm\) 0.0024 \({}^{\text{b}}\) & 1.306 \(\pm\) 0.058 \({}^{\ast}\) \\  & 250 & 8.0 & 26.0 & 0.0251 \(\pm\) 0.0021 \({}^{\text{c}}\) & 1.339 \(\pm\) 0.096 \({}^{\ast}\) \\  & 300 & 8.0 & 28.0 & 0.0234 \(\pm\) 0.0022 \({}^{\text{c}}\) & 1.305 \(\pm\) 0.052 \({}^{\ast}\) \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{Manganese} & 0 & 6.0 & 18.0 & 0.0341 \(\pm\) 0.0033 \({}^{\ast}\) & 1.542 \(\pm\) 0.204 \({}^{\ast}\) \\  & 50 & 6.0 & 18.0 & 0.0367 \(\pm\) 0.0037 \({}^{\ast}\) & 1.412 \(\pm\) 0.047 \({}^{\ast}\) \\ \cline{1-1}  & 100 & 6.0 & 18.0 & 0.0385 with 100 ug/L niacin. In all other media supplemented with vitamins, the total increase in OD was significantly lower (0.694-1.202) compared to the control media (1.542). Second Stage-Growth and Biosynthesis of Carotenoids in Shaker Culture in Media Supplemented with Cations or B Vitamins  
After cultivation in the Biosrecen C apparatus, the yeast cultures were transferred to shaker flasks. At the beginning of cultivation, the biomass yield, which is defined as the amount of dry yeast cell biomass in 1 L of the medium, was determined (Table 3). In the control medium, the biomass yield after cultivation was estimated at 21.48 g\({}_{\rm d.m.}\)/L. Statistical analysis indicated that the addition of zinc at a concentration of 50-300 mg/L did not influence the biomass yield. On the other hand, the addition of other cations caused a difference in the values of this index. The biomass yield determined after cultivation in the media containing manganese at doses from 50 to 300 mg/L was found to be significantly higher than that in the control medium and ranged from 25.15 to 26.57 g\({}_{\rm d.m.}\)/L. In the media variants containing barium, a decrease in the growth of cellular biomass was found with an increase in the dose of the cation.