## 4 Discussion  
The aim of this study was to explore vitamin D knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors in Danish women with non-Western ethnic minority background. The study has found that the general vitamin D knowledge was good, better than vitamin D nutrition knowledge, or vitamin D attitudes and behaviors. Vitamin D nutrition knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors varied depending on women's education and age. In the following, the characteristics of our respondents, our main findings and methodology of the study will be discussed in more detail. The majority of women who answered the questionnaire were young and well educated. A large proportion of women had education at bachelor or master level or still were students; many of the women had a full-time job or were both studying and working. This aligns well with the fact that the online version of the questionnaire was distributed on Facebook and via e-mails to the authors' network. Usually younger individuals spend time in social media and communicate using e-mails. This further suggests that our sample was a selected sample of non-Western ethnic minority women in Denmark, presumably with a higher socioeconomic status as compared to the average socioeconomic status in this population group. Our study showed a fairly good general knowledge of vitamin D in non-Western ethnic minority women. However, as noted, our respondents were generally young, quite well educated, and studying or already having bachelor's or master's degrees. As previous studies showed that higher education is associated with better vitamin D knowledge, usually attained at universities [20,21], with this study we cannot exclude the possibility that non-Western ethnic minority women with low or no education may lack general knowledge about vitamin D and awareness about its importance for health. Interestingly, in our study vitamin D nutrition knowledge, even though on average worse than general knowledge, was best among the respondents with a professional bachelor's education. Supposedly, some women with a professional bachelor's education studied nursing or social work and in their studies gained some knowledge on health and/or nutrition. A similar explanation for specific education impact on vitamin D knowledge was provided in a vitamin D knowledge survey in the UK [21]. Notably, our findings on vitamin D knowledge and its association with education resemble the findings from the other studies, not targeted and not specific for ethnic minorities' populations. As regards the level of vitamin D knowledge in the studies from Western [20, 21, 22] and non-Western countries [17, 23, 24], it is hard to compare due to differences in the questions asked. A comparison of  
Figure 3: Scores for vitamin D nutrition knowledge in education groups (\(p\) = 0.014, ANOVA). the percentages of correct answers (e.g., 80% in Iran [17] and 30% in Canada [22]) in such a context does not make much sense. In our study, age was a factor determining the vitamin D attitudes and behaviors of the non-Western ethnic women: those younger than 18 years old scored highest on vitamin D attitudes, and those older than 45 years old scored highest on vitamin D behaviors. As the \"attitude\" concept in the questionnaire we used to represent knowledge on behaviors that could assure vitamin status optimization, and \"behavior\" concept represented actions to do that, such a finding suggests that older women were more careful in sustaining health and preventing diseases, even though younger ones were more knowledgeable on how one could do that. Probably young women do not perceive themselves at risk, suggesting that knowledge may be not enough to maintain health supporting behaviors. The results concerning the impact of age on vitamin D knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors in the previous studies were not conclusive [20; 25]. Our study has a few limitations.