## 6 Conclusions  
To gain new insights into the influence of maximum credible earthquakes at a near-field dam, in this study, the asperity slip models of the Daju-Lijiang fault, Xiaozhongdian-Daju fault, and Longpan-Qiaohou fault were developed according to available geological and geophysical data, such as fault activity, lithological characteristics, geomorphic images, and stress fields. Thousands of earthquake scenarios considering uncertainties of fault parameters and ground-motion modeling parameters were simulated by adopting the multi-scheme stochastic finite-fault simulation method (multi-SFFSM). Accordingly, several conclusions can be highlighted as follows. 1. The minimum; mean; maximum; and 50 th-, 84 th-, and 95 th-percentile peak ground acceleration (PGA) values were obtained from multi-SFFSM. For the Longpan site, the result indicated that the 84 th-percentile PGA values of the Daju-Lijiang, Xiaozhongdian-Daju, and Longpan-Qiaohou faults were 301.4, 159.5, and 724.8 gal, respectively. The largest PGA value generated by the earthquake scenarios of the Longpan-Qiaohou fault is attributed to the closest fault distance. 2. The pseudo-spectral acceleration response spectra (PSA) of the Longpan-Qiaohou fault were larger than those of the other two faults at 0.1-50 Hz. This result was supported by the statistical analysis of twelve thousand simulations of the three faults. Therefore, the 84 th-percentile PSA of the Longpan-Qiaohou fault can reasonably represent the maximum credible ground-motion parameters for the earthquake safety design of the Longpan dam. 3. The uncertainties induced by the simulation method, dip angle, rupture starting point, stress drop, and high-frequency attenuation parameters were analyzed. The results indicate that the aleatory uncertainties induced by iteration times became stable when performing at least 40 simulations, the influence of a dip angle variation of 10 degrees is ignorable, and the residual distribution of different rupture starting points captured the rupture directivity effects. Moreover, the epistemic uncertainty of stress drops and high-frequency attenuation parameters are embedded in the data distribution and the assigned weight, which may provide more statistically convincible results. 4. To perform multi-SFFSM for the seismic hazard assessment of a specific engineering site, knowledge of fault parameters and regional ground-motion modeling parameters are needed. Such information can be obtained from a geological survey and limited ground-motion data of small-to-moderate earthquakes. Fault activity, lithological characteristics, geomorphic images, stress fields, and geophysical data were used to identify asperities on rupture planes. Although the method for identifying asperity is not yet mature and still faces many difficulties, it provides an opportunity to identify the influence of various slip distributions on earthquake scenarios. Consequently, the reasonability of multi-SFFSM can be assured and applied to engineering practice. Conceptualization, J.L. and Z.L. ; Funding acquisition, J.L. ; Methodology, J.L. ; Resources, J.L. ; Software, J.L. ; Supervision, B.Z. ; Visualization, J.L. ; Writing--original draft, J.L. ; Writing--review & editing, J.L. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. This work was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China [grant number 2023 YFC3007405] and the National Natural Science Foundation of China [grant number 42104057]. Publicly available datasets were analyzed in this study. These data can be found here: [[https://news.ceic.ac.cn](https://news.ceic.ac.cn)]([https://news.ceic.ac.cn](https://news.ceic.ac.cn)), accessed on 16 September 2023. Appreciation is given to the China Earthquake Network Center for providing the data.