esa-sceva/satcom-chunk-collection huggingface dataset:
## 2 Related Work
The class is represented as a weighted graph where the nodes of the graph represent the methods of the class and the weighted edges of the graph represent the degree of structural and semantic similarities between the methods of the class. The approach uses the Max Flow-Min Cut algorithm [25] to split the weighed graph representing the original class into two weighted subgraphs representing the two classes that can be extracted from the original class. Moreover, [PERSON] et al. [5] introduced another approach that can automatically decompose the class to be refactored into two or more classes. The class is represented as a weighted graph in similar manner of their previous approach. Instead of using the Max Flow-Min Cut algorithm, they used a two-step clustering algorithm that removes the edges of the graph that have light weights to split the graph into a set of subgraphs representing the classes that can be extracted from the original class. Similarly, the authors of [26] introduced an automated refactoring approach based on complex network theory. The approach automatically identifies three types of refactoring opportunities: Move Method, Move Field, and Extract Class, to remove the bad smells caused by the low cohesion and high coupling in a given system. On a further note, the authors of [27] conducted a systemic literature review to investigate the impact of refactoring on the design quality attributes. The author discussed and summarized results from 76 studies focusing on the impact of different refactoring scenarios including the Extract Class refactoring on quality attributes, e.g., cohesion. The presented results concluded that the Extract Class refactoring potentially improves the cohesion. To this end, it becomes clear that although the rich literature is a good addition to our view of the Extract Class refactoring, it only considers internal factors to the class to be refactored. The main limitation observed here is the applicability factor as they are not sufficient in many cases to identify ideal Extract Class refactoring opportunities within a class. In this paper, however, we introduce a new and innovative approach that automatically suggests a set of classes that can be extracted from a given class considering factors external to the class.
## 5 Experiment Design and Test Results
### Empirical Stochastic Model  
According to the methodology presented in the Section 3, based on the observations from the zero-length and short baseline, an empirical model of observation variance, as well as the coefficients of time and cross-correlation of the observation with the daily regime, were determined. The models were generated in two approaches: for all satellites and for individual blocks. To estimate the consistency and stability of the daily modeling solutions, the repeatability of the model parameters was tested. Table 3 contains the results of the repeatability of the determined measurement noise (for C/N\({}_{0}=45\) dB-Hz) and the correlation coefficients for seven daily solutions calculated as the standard deviation from the determined parameters. The results, which are the maximum standard deviation values of a given system without distinguishing between satellite blocks, prove that the consistency of daily solutions is very high and, in most cases, does not exceed \(\pm 0.01\) for time and cross-correlation coefficients as well as \(\pm 2\) mm and \(\pm 0.01\) mm for code and carrier-phase noise, respectively. Only in the case of code noise and carrier-phase correlation from GLONASS and BeiDou systems the repeatability is slightly lower. Therefore, the weekly solution calculated as the mean of the daily solutions was adopted as the final empirical model of variance and correlation of observations.  
The weekly empirical measurement noise models for the minimum received signal power for individual code and carrier-phase GNSS signals are presented in Figures 22 and 23. The values shown directly correspond to the nominal tracking errors (see Figures 2 and 3) calculated for the same carrier-to-noise density ratio values. For easier comparison of empirical and nominal values, the corresponding figures scales have been retained, but for empirical values, there is no data for signals that were not tracked (GPS 2L and 5Q for block III and L1W; GLONASS 3Q). As can be easily seen, the empirical model largely coincides with the nominal values, especially for carrier-phase measurements, for which both the absolute values of errors and their mutual relations are highly consistent. Clear differences can be noticed only for the GPS L2W Block IIR signal, for which the empirical accuracy is three times higher than the nominal one. For code measurement errors, the observed differences are greater, particularly for the GPS 2L and GLONASS 1C and 2C signals, the empirical model gives much lower error values, which confirms the actual transmission bandwidth for these signals is greater than
# Three-Dimensional Numerical Modeling of Artificially Freezing Ground in Metro Station Construction
## 4 Results and Discussion
### Engineering Application  
The final reinforcement scheme for the connecting passage and pumping station project of Binhu Road Station / Jinhu Square Station of Nanning Metro Line 3 was made that the connecting passage can be partially reinforced by the freezing method and the mining method was used for construction. The collecting well section was still grouted with small ducts for reinforcement and was constructed by the mining method; the structural design remained unchanged. The freezing project began to freeze the holes on 12 May 2018. On 21 May, all the freezing holes were set up. A total of 27 freezing holes, 7 temperature measurement holes and 1 pressure relief hole, were set up. The freezing station was started on 25 May 2018, and was operated until 3 July 2018 (40 days of freezing), the average thickness of the frozen soil curtain was 2.4 m, the average temperature was \(-10.7\)\({}^{\circ}\)C, and the freezing effect met the design requirements. The data reported by real-time monitoring of the temperature field of the freezing project showed that the actual project finally formed a well-frozen soil curtain. When the pipe was opened for excavation, there was no water leakage or sand leakage. Thus, under the protection of the curtain in the frozen soil, smooth excavation of the connecting passage was ensured, and it was proved that the above-mentioned connecting passage freezing scheme was effective.  
From the analysis of the freezing period can be observed that, during the freezing process, the thermal conductivity and water content are key parameters in affecting the temperature decline. In reality, these two parameters usually have some spatial variability [30], which will hinder the target temperature to be achieved. In order to mitigate the effect of those parameters' spatial variability, an appropriate longer freezing period should be considered so as to achieve the design requirements.
## 4 Discussion
### Clinical Implications  
There is no standard criteria to clear athletes for a safe return to sport (RTS) after ACLR [42]. This decision is mostly based on measuring variables, which include time since surgery, isokinetic tests, strength and ligamentous laxity [43]. In fact, most test batteries for decision making regarding RTS following ACLR include one- and two-legged postural stability tests, isokinetic tests (which evaluate muscle strength by determining angular velocities) and jump tasks, especially the hop test, which have become the gold-standard of performance tests prior to returning the athlete to sport [44]. These tests are, for the most part, quantitative in nature (e.g., jump height), whereas the quality of movements is not assessed in most programs. Movement-based tests, including the DVJ, with the assessment and analysis of a three-dimensional motion capture system, may complement the evaluation of an athlete for RTS, identifying biomechanical risk factors by capturing movements used to identify the limb's position and orientation, enabling the extraction of joint centers and their respective angles and rotational forces.  
Rehabilitation programs following ACLR play an important role, achieving a successful clinical outcome, as well as encouraging early motion, strength recovery and a return of function. The assessment of the quality of movement for RTS, by incorporating movement evaluations, including the DVP with a motion capture system, may identify, with a higher sensibility, deficits after ACLR. Information, such as the movement strategy, depth of movement, segment alignment, symmetry and control, may enable the creation of specific rehabilitation programs that promote a faster recovery and a lower risk of secondary complications after ACLR.
# Solution of Bin Packing Instances in Falkenauer T Class: Not So Hard
## 4 Results and Discussion
### Backtracking Method  
The backtracking method finished all 80 problem instances in 1.18 s. There were two instances which turned out to be difficult: for \(N=501\), \(i=0\), the runtime was 0.56 s, and for \(i=19\), the runtime was 0.54 s. Notably, the other 78 problem instances required 78 ms altogether.  
Regarding the A-set fixing phase, it should be noted that the only problem instances for which the very first A-set was found to be infeasible were all from the smallest class, \(N=60\). Even in this class, at most 10 A-sets were investigated, in two instances. For all the bigger instances, the backtracking method did not need to ever backtrack to the selection of an alternative A-set. This suggests that an arbitrary A-set is very likely to be feasible.  
The number of backtracking events required is small most of the time, but has a steep jump for the two difficult instances. In decreasing order, the top 5 numbers of backtracking events were 66,975, 65,916, 299, 102, 42. Most of the time, the number of backtracking events was one-digit, and was zero in exactly 24 instances, two of which were already solved in the pre-processing phase. That is more than a quarter of all instances. In contrast, there is a considerable number of branching steps: at least 157 when \(N=501\), and at least 73 when \(N=249\). This suggests that the heuristic rule for selecting the triplet at the branching step works effectively in most of the time. However, there are still cases where a wrong decision drives the algorithm into a very long branch, as happened for the two difficult instances.  
Let us take a closer look on what might cause a long branch. The most notorious instance was \(N=501\), \(i=0\), requiring 0.56 s, almost half of the total runtime. The branching phase made a total of 3,655,375 steps, where a step can be the addition of a triplet, the exclusion of a triplet from further additions, or a branching step containing the binary decision of applying or excluding the same triplet. There were 66,975 branching steps which were eventually backtracked. If we take a look at how the solution was constructed, it only contains four unsuccessful branches, consecutively after each other. After 144 triplets already in the collection, there were four trials that involved adding triplets \((394,312,294)\), \((393,312,295)\), \((392,312,296)\), and \((390,312,298)\), but none of them worked. Afterwards, the construction continued by adding \((364,324,312)\). It seems that according to the heuristic rule for selecting the next branch, only the fifth option for using up item 312 turned out to be feasible. The first four unsuccessful attempts consumed 806,382, 1,122,151, 1,990,333, and 1,623,949 steps, respectively, so each wrong decision was quite significant.  
Such wrong choices seem very hard to predict. The effect of long branches may be mitigated by slightly changing the procedure of choosing the next branch, and/or trying multiple branches simultaneously.
# Immersive Two-Channel Recordings Based on Personalized BRIRs and Their Applications in Industry
###### Abstract  
The realm of immersive sound technologies in modern industries is evolving every day. Two-channel recordings using personalized HRIRs or BRIRs, which are tailored to the unique anatomical features of individual listeners, significantly enhance the spatial accuracy and naturalness of sound, providing a highly immersive auditory experience. This paper discusses the importance of immersive sound and the externalization effect in recreating the acoustic environment. The paper also presents techniques for obtaining two-channel immersive renderings in a few different ways. The main focus is the integration of immersive audio in new technologies in the wide-ranging audio industry, from telecommunication, through applications for musicians, virtual reality scenarios, and hearing devices. In summary, this paper highlights the huge potential of personalized BRIRs in creating immersive two-channel recordings, offering substantial benefits across various industries by improving the realism and effectiveness of each auditory experience on its own.  
immersive sound; BRIRs; personalized BRIRs; immersive technologies; externalization; two-channel immersive audio +
Footnote †: journal: applied sciences  
0
Footnote 0: Copyright © 2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ([[https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)]([https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/))).
## 4 Discussion  
### System Integration Innovation and Performance Analysis  
The core innovation of this research lies in achieving smooth integration between heterogeneous control platforms and mobile communication technologies, resulting in combined benefits that exceed what individual components can achieve. Unlike traditional systems that depend on single control interfaces with limited communication ranges [15; 16], this integrated approach facilitates genuine anytime, anywhere, multi-platform monitoring. The web-based Smart-Fish Control System showcases an exceptional architectural design by integrating ROV control, real-time imaging, and sensor data into a cohesive interface. Testing across five different locations demonstrated effective system performance: approximately 63% of transmissions succeeded within 1 s, with an overall reliability of 95.60% within 2 s during the extended Gongliao deployment. The system demonstrated consistent performance across diverse deployment scenarios, validating system reliability in various environmental conditions. This performance consistency provides empirical evidence that the multi-platform integration approach achieves superior performance compared to traditional single-interface systems, with measurable improvements in both reliability and operational flexibility. This integration facilitates dynamic platform switching based on operational requirements, creating practical synergistic workflows. Operators receive water quality anomaly alerts on smartwatches, conduct preliminary assessments via smart  
Figure 12: Tablet-controlled ROV deployment at Xuejia Fish Pond.  
phones, and perform comprehensive analyses through centralized control centers. The system demonstrates significant advantages compared to existing commercial ROV systems (Table 4). Commercial solutions such as the CHASING M2 PRO (5.7 kg), SEAMOR Marine ROV (21 kg), and Triton XLS 150 (4400 kg) lack remote control capabilities and depend on proprietary interfaces, while this system, weighing only 5.5 kg, offers multi-platform accessibility through standard 4G networks at dramatically reduced cost. The integration of YOLO recognition technology and dual-battery configuration provides 7.25 h of operation for the control system and 0.72 h for intensive maneuvering, effectively addressing resource constraints in developing regions.
# Design and Fabrication Technology of Metal Mirrors Based on Additive Manufacturing: A Review
## 2 Additive Manufacturing Technology for Metal Mirrors
### Additive Manufacturing Metal Mirror Fabricating Considerations
#### 2.2.2 Design of Support  
Support design is indispensable (Figure 11). Due to the sandwich mirror's overhanging structures having no casting and molding support constraint, edge warping and collapse easily occur during the forming process. Even severe deformation interruption can happen [44]. Although some printing techniques have powder or liquid support constraints, they are not strong enough. Moreover, support can also reduce the residual stress of forming parts, and a high-quality support design is vital for the surface roughness and accuracy of parts. However, support design is one of the craft difficulties in AM metal mirrors depending on various factors such as forming processes, printing materials, and parts' characteristics [45]. Figure 11: Sketch map of support design [46]. The support structures can be added through 3D printing software automatically and removed after AM prefabrication using wire cutting and labor-intensive manual removal. However, some support structures are too complex. The optimization of the support is essential. We can optimize support with the help of TO, which reduces materials waste and the difficulty of removal [47]. The tilt angle prevents the need for added support in sandwich mirrors' interior and mirror distortion during printing. Some unique structures can be designed to form self-support at a specific angle range to minimize the trouble of removing them later [48; 49]. The materials of the support should be consistent with mirrors to ensure the mirrors' accuracy. In addition, the numerical simulation should be used to achieve the intelligent design of the support, and its forming effect should be predicted by heat transfer and force analysis.
###### Abstract  
With the rapid development of wireless communication systems and electronic techniques, the limited frequency spectrum resources are shared with various wireless devices, leading to a crowded and challenging coexistence circumstance. Cognitive radio (CR) and ultra-wide band (UWB), as sophisticated wireless techniques, have been considered as significant solutions to solve the harmonious coexistence issues. UWB wireless sensors can share the spectrum with primary user (PU) systems without harmful interference. The in-band interference of UWB systems should be considered because such interference can severely affect the transmissions of UWB wireless systems. In order to solve the in-band interference issues for UWB wireless sensor networks (WSN), a novel in-band narrow band interferences (NBIs) elimination scheme is proposed in this paper. The proposed narrow band interferences suppression scheme is based on a novel complex-coefficient adaptive notch filter unit with a single constrained zero-pole pair. Moreover, in order to reduce the computation complexity of the proposed scheme, an adaptive complex-coefficient iterative method based on two-order Taylor series is designed. To cope with multiple narrow band interferences, a linear cascaded high order adaptive filter and a cyclic cascaded high order matrix adaptive filter (CCHOMAF) interference suppression algorithm based on the basic adaptive notch filter unit are also presented. The theoretical analysis and numerical simulation results indicate that the proposed CCHOMAF algorithm can achieve better performance in terms of average bit error rate for UWB WSNs. The proposed in-band NBIs elimination scheme can significantly improve the reception performance of low-cost and low-power UWB wireless systems.  
ultra-wide band; cognitive radio; signal to interference and noise ratio; wireless sensor networks; interference avoiding; notch filter; power spectrum density; time hopping; complex-coefficient; spread spectrum; bit error ratio +
Footnote †: journal: Sensors
## 3 Bio-Functional Compounds and Health Benefits of Kiwi Fruit and Its Juice
### Kiwi Nutritional Value and Bioactive Composition
#### 3.2.2 Kiwi Phenolics  
Another important class of dietary bioactives present in kiwi are several phenolics, and especially flavonoids. Kiwi fruit exhibits antioxidant activity, thanks to the phenolics and polyphenols that it contains. The intake of these compounds, from fruits or other foods, acts on different metabolic pathways of the human body, providing protection from various diseases associated with inflammation and oxidative stress. Nevertheless, the bioavailability of phenolics through the intestine in in vivo conditions has been characterized as a slow process, while after ingestion from the intestine, phenolics are usually bound in human serum albumins (blood protein carriers). Both of these processes significantly affect the concentration of phenolics in the blood after ingestion and, thus, their effect on lipoproteins  
Figure 1: Structural presentation of the main vitamins in kiwi. All the images were generated by the globally recognized website Moloview. Link: [[https://molview.org/](https://molview.org/)]([https://molview.org/](https://molview.org/)).  
and cell membranes. These protein carriers also act as markers for thrombo-inflammatory cardiovascular complications caused by fibrinogen, while kiwi fruit ingestion seems to reduce this thrombotic glycoprotein complex, thus minimizing fibrinogen-induced thrombosis and any subsequent complications. In addition, phenolics provide protection against lipid oxidation, and hydrogen peroxide, etc. [24; 25].  
In vitro experimental procedures for scavenging free radicals facilitate the evaluation of the antioxidant activity of polyphenols found in kiwis. The chemical structure and spatial arrangement of phenolic compounds make them good donors of electrons and protons, resulting in the stabilization of uncoupled electrons and the creation of metal-chelating ions [26]. Kiwi-derived juice has been found to contain coumaric (p-coumaric) and caffe acid as a matrix, as well as chlorogenic acid, protocatechuic acid, and a derivative of 3, 4-dihydroxybenzoic acid. Such substances constitute strong acidic phenolic compounds. Other important phenolic bioactives are also present in kiwi juice, including epicatechin, catechin, and procyanidins [14; 27]. Moreover, a freeze-dried aqueous kiwi extract contained all these phenolics, along with syringic acid, ferulic acid, catechol, ellagic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, pyrogallol, gallic acid, \(\alpha\)-tocopherol, and quercetin [11]. The above compounds are divided into different classes of phenolics, such as flavonoids, flavonoids, flavan-3-ols, and phenolic acids. The classifications are shown in Figure 2, together with the structure of the main bioactive phenolics mentioned.