# Bit Streaming Processing Algorithms for Intelligent Hardware Converters
## 4 Discussion  
In this paper, we proposed an approach for transferring the processes taking place in pulse stream devices into algorithmic form.  
The suggested principles of organization of computation and designed algorithms are based on the fact that the computation is considered not as an event associated with obtaining a result, but as a continuous process of its formation. The algorithms implement processes tending to an equilibrium state, and in this state, the results of calculations are formed. The considered examples of the proposed algorithms' realization show stability to noises and hindrances in work. Automatic return to the result after failures is provided due to the negative feedback implemented in the algorithm.  
The proposed approach to calculations is characterized by simple hardware implementation. It does not require the use of arithmetic blocks, even when calculations require performing multiplication and division operations. Therefore, CPLD chips can be used  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline
**Family/Device/Fitter Summary** & **Bit-Parallel Method** & **Bit-Stream Method** \\ \hline MAX3000A/EPM3512 AC256-7 & Not synthesized & Total macrocells 171/512 (33\%) \\ \hline Cyclone II/EP2C5 AF256A7/ & & \\ Total logic elements & 157/4608 (3\%) & 70/4608 (2\%) \\ Total combinational functions & 152/4608 (3\%) & 49/4608 (1\%) \\ Dedicated logic registers & 32/4608 (<1\%) & 62/4608 (1\%) \\ Total registers & 32 & 62 \\ Total pins & 13/158 (8\%) & 13/158 (8\%) \\ Embedded Multiplier 9-bit elements & 2/26 (8\%) & 0/26 (0\%) \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 2: Bit-parallel and bit-stream method comparison.  
to implement the obtained hardware modules. The main disadvantage of the method is a significant time for equilibrium regime, which can reach 10 periods of device work. Because of this disadvantage, the proposed method can be used to build systems to control slow processes, for example, for temperature control systems.  
The proposed approach can be applied to the design of primary transducers for smart sensors and sensor networks as well as in intelligent data streaming systems.  
In addition, the developed algorithms can be used in the design of the pulse neural network elements. The application of algorithms makes it possible to realize computational operations in pulse streaming mode. In this case, pulses can have different physical nature: electrical, optical, mechanical, biological and others.  
Conceptualization, N.S., M.K. and O.B.; methodology, N.S. and O.B.; formal analysis, N.S., M.K. and O.B.; writing--original draft preparation, N.S. and O.B.; writing--review and editing, N.S. and M.K.; visualization, O.B.; supervision, N.S.; project administration, M.K.; funding acquisition, M.K. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
This work was supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation by the Agreement No. 075-15-2020-933, dated 13.11.2020, on the provision of a grant in the form of subsidies from the federal budget for the implementation of state support for the establishment and development of the world-class scientific center <<Pavlov center, Integrative physiology for medicine, high-tech healthcare, and stress-resilience technologies>>.  
Not applicable.  
The authors declare no conflict of interest.