## 8 Conclusions  
In this study, the validation of the \"Pragmatic Computational Tool\" for estimating the life cycle costs of IoT devices was carried out to assess its utility, reliability, and user-friendliness. The primary objective was to evaluate the economic and financial viability of Narrow Band-Internet of Things (NB-IoT) and Long Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN) technologies, both of which are low-power wide-area network (LPWAN) technologies specifically designed for IoT applications. To achieve this, a design science research approach was employed, which involved the development and subsequent evaluation of an artifact capable of performing a comprehensive life cycle cost analysis using practical computational tools. The evaluation process was designed to provide valuable insights into the total cost of ownership associated with the utilization of NB-IoT and LoRaWAN technologies. By conducting a thorough assessment, this study aimed to identify potential cost-saving opportunities and facilitate informed decision-making processes regarding the adoption and implementation of these technologies in a range of IoT applications. Through this evaluation, the researchers sought to examine the distinct cost structures and revenue potentials associated with NB-IoT and LoRaWAN technologies across various IoT domains. In the design science research paradigm, employing a limited number of use cases for evaluation is considered a valid approach [14]. This is primarily due to the emphasis on problem-solving and the iterative development process inherent in this research methodology. The focus is on creating innovative solutions and advancing knowledge in specific domains rather than conducting large-scale empirical studies. By analyzing a small number of carefully selected use cases, researchers can generate valuable insights and demonstrate the feasibility, effectiveness, and applicability of the developed artifact in addressing the identified problem. While expanding the number of use cases and broadening the scope, such as including additional regions, may enhance the tool's acceptance and generate more comprehensive results, such an extension would exceed the scope of the present study. The current research aimed to provide a preliminary assessment of the Pragmatic Computational Tool within a limited number of use cases, showcasing its potential and addressing specific challenges within the examined domains. Further research could explore additional use cases to strengthen the generalizability of the findings and increase the tool's acceptance as a widely applicable cost calculator. Furthermore, the proposed methodology, utilizing the Pragmatic Computational Tool, holds significant potential for application to other IoT technologies beyond NB-IoT and LoRaWAN. By adapting the tool to different IoT contexts, researchers can gain valuable insights into the economic viability of various technologies, enabling informed decision-making and resource allocation. The tool's flexibility and practicality make it a promising instrument for conducting comprehensive life cycle cost analyses in diverse IoT applications. In conclusion, the validation of the \"Pragmatic Computational Tool\" provided favorable results, highlighting its utility, reliability, and user-friendliness in estimating the life cycle costs of IoT devices. The research demonstrated the effectiveness of employing a design science research approach, utilizing a small number of use cases to evaluate the artifact. While the study focused on NB-IoT and LoRaWAN technologies, it is acknowledged that expanding the scope and incorporating additional use cases would enhance the tool's acceptance and applicability. Moreover, the proposed methodology exhibits potential for application to other IoT technologies, thereby facilitating informed decision-making and resource allocation in various IoT domains. **Author Contributions:** Conceptualization, B.K., M.B. and M.K. ; methodology, B.K. and L.W. ; software, M.K. ; formal analysis, B.K. and L.S. ; investigation, M.B., R.B.