# Accident Risk Analysis of Gas Tankers in Maritime Transport Using an Integrated Fuzzy Approach
## 4 Findings
### Fuzzy Delphi Method Findings
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{p{56.9 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt}} \hline \hline
**Risk Code** & **Risk Factor** & **Explanation** & **Risk Group** & **Priority Score (0–1)** \\ \hline R1 & Gas leakage during cargo handling & The potential for gas leakage in load connections is attributable to a number of factors, including incorrect connections, damaged equipment, and human error during gas operations [1; 17; 20; 1; 15]. & operational & 0.85 \\ \hline R2 & Gas leakage after collision or grounding & Gas leakage is the consequence of damage to gas tanks, which is typically the result of a collision or grounding of ships [2; 14; 22]. & operational & 0.92 \\ \hline R3 & Corrosion and leakage in tank or pipe systems & Corrosion and leakage in pipelines or tanks, which can result in gas leakage due to mechanical failure [23; 25; 3; 23]. & technical & 0.87 \\ \hline R4 & Risk of fire or explosion & It is imperative to exercise caution in proximity to heat sources, as this may result in the ignition of gas, which could lead to a conflagration [25; 27; 29]. & security & 0.95 \\ \hline R5 & Failure of personnel to fully comply with safety procedures & The failure of personnel to duties and to adhere to safety procedures is attributable to a variety of factors, including physical and mental health issues [15; 20; 21]. & security & 0.83 \\ \hline R6 & Increase in tank pressure under the influence of seawater temperature & Unwanted changes in gas temperature resulting from an increase in temperature on gas tanks because of seawater temperature on the ship’s hull [1; 17; 18]. & environmental & 0.78 \\ \hline R7 & Hose or manifold damage during loading/unloading & The rupture, fracture, or laceration of the hose or loading arm may be attributed to the excessive pressure exerted during gas cargo handling operations [1; 14; 15]. & operational & 0.84 \\ \hline R8 & Risk of collision/crash during harbour or moving & Collisions involving other ships or collisions involving quays or piers in port areas or anchorages where ships have limited manoeuvring space [4; 6; 20]. & operational & 0.89 \\ \hline R9 & Release of toxic gases due to leakage & A leak from the gas tanks creates a dense atmosphere that reduces the amount of available oxygen and creates a toxic environment & environmental & 0.91 \\ \hline R10 & Damage of marine organisms to tanker structure & Damage to marine organisms on the tanker structure & this refers to structural weakening caused by marine biofouling organisms such as barnacles or algae, which may lead to corrosion or erosion, particularly in hulls or ballast tanks over long-term exposure [65]. & environmental & 0.89 \\ \hline R11 & Large gas leakage due to accident & A situation in which a large quantity of gas is discharged quickly due to damage to several gas tanks at the same time or in succession, creating a hazardous atmosphere around the ship and port [27; 29]. & environmental & 0.94 \\ \hline R12 & Air pollution caused by gas operation & During gas handling operations, waste is dispersed into the air when connections are made or broken, creating air pollution and a hazardous atmosphere for personnel in confined spaces [14; 15; 17; 29]. & environmental & 0.78 \\ \hline R13 & Extreme weather conditions encompass risks such as storms, high waves, or freezing conditions that can impact navigational safety and equipment reliability [18; 23; 25; 66]. & Environmental & 0.82 \\ \hline R14 & Incomplete or inadequate emergency procedures & Refers to situations in which the usual emergency involving gas tankers [67; 68; 69]. & security & 0.86 \\ \hline R15 & Technical failure in fire extinguishing systems & Fire extinguishing systems installed in tankers failing to function due to a lack of routine checks, technical malfunctions inherent in their design or damage sustained as a result of an accident [1; 20; 68; 70; 71]. & technical & 0.88 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 5: Risks selected by experts.