## 4 Discussion
### Clone Classification According to Drought Tolerance, Vine Performance, and
Thus, they are not recommended for premium red wine production, but for producing a high production of grapes and wine with very little irrigation water and with medium to low berry/wine quality; (c) In contrast, the clone with the lowest vigor, 360, granted the highest berry quality, but at the expense of a greatly reduced vigor and yield (4000 kg ha\({}^{-1}\)), a lower WUE\({}_{\text{yield}}\) (average of 10 kg m\({}^{-3}\)), and certain negative berry quality attributes such as a high pH and a high content of tannins and malic acid; thus, it is not recommended in these semi-arid conditions; (d) Low/moderate vigor clones 372 and 276 were the most sensitive to drought conditions and put into play more water conservation mechanisms, such as a greater stomatal control of transpiration and a greater reduction of leaf area, in order to reduce vine water loss in conditions of soil water deficit and high VPD (Figure 10A). In addition, these clones reached an equilibrium between the three traits: they showed moderate yields (7400-7700 kg ha\({}^{-1}\)), a high WUE (average between 17-19 kg m\({}^{-3}\) applied water), and a high-quality grape, with a greater oenological, nutraceutical, and aromatic potential. Moreover, under WS, these clones substantially enhanced Q\({}_{\text{overall berry}}\), and are therefore recommended for cultivation in these edapholic conditions; (e) High-vigor clone 188 also displayed several mechanisms of drought tolerance (a tight stomatal control of water loss), the maintenance of a higher yield (10,500 kg ha\({}^{-1}\)) and very high WUE\({}_{\text{yield}}\) (29 kg m\({}^{-3}\)), enhanced berry quality (similar to clones 372 and 276), and improved oenological/aromatic potential. In addition, under rainfed conditions (2021), yield was reduced only by 17% (compared to its control), and, under more restricted water volume (43 mm year\({}^{-1}\), in 2021), WUE\({}_{\text{yield}}\) was increased by 35% in this clone (compared to the average WUE\({}_{\text{yield}}\) for 2018-2020). It can also be recommended for the application of low water volume RDI strategies under semi-arid conditions, looking for a balance between high yield, efficiency, and optimum berry and wine quality. The following supporting information can be downloaded at: [[https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/agronomy13020433/s1](https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/agronomy13020433/s1)]([https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/agronomy13020433/s1](https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/agronomy13020433/s1)); Table S1. Seasonal changes in leaf gas exchange parameters observed from pre-veraison to post-veraison periods for each clone, irrigation treatment and their interaction for the year 2020. Diurnal changes in leaf gas exchange parameters from early morning to midday for each clone, irrigation treatment and their interaction in 2020; Table S2. Seasonal changes in leaf gas exchange parameters observed from pre-veraison to post-veraison periods for each clone, irrigation treatment and their interaction for the year 2021. Diurnal changes in leaf gas exchange parameters from early morning to midday for each clone, irrigation treatment and their interaction in 2021; Table S3. Leaf nutrient concentrations of Monastrell grapevines at veraison for each clone, irrigation treatment, and the interaction (clones x irrigation treatment) during the year 2021. The N, P, K, Ca, and Mg are expressed as % in DW and Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, and B as ppm; Table S4. Average annual values of mineral composition of must at harvest for each clone, irrigation treatment, and the interaction (clones x irrigation treatment) during the year 2021. Data are expressed as mg L\({}^{-1}\); Table S5. Average values of the mineral composition of wines at the end of malcolate fermentation, for clones 372, 276, 188, 94 and 4 (under control conditions) and for a mix of wine made from control vines (Mix Control) and stress vines (Mix Stress) in 2021. Data are expressed in mg L\({}^{-1}\); Figure S1. (A-G).