### Existing Surveys and Our Contributions
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Aspects**} & [59] & [50] & [51] & [52] & [53] & [54] & [55] & [56] & [57] & [58] & Our \\ \cline{3-12}  & & & & & & & & & & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} Attack Surface \\ \& \& \\ \end{tabular} } & Device & ✗ & ✗ & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & ✗ & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ \\ \cline{2-12}  & Cryptography & ✗ & ✗ & ✗ & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & ✗ & ✗ & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ \\ \cline{2-12}  & Communication & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & ✗ & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ \\ \cline{2-12} Identification & Service & ✓ & ✗ & ✓ & ✓ & ✗ & ✗ & ✓ & ✓ & ✗ & ✓ & ✗ & ✓ \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} Attack \\ Taxonomy \\ \end{tabular} } & Adversary & ✗ & ✗ & ✓ & ✓ & ✗ & ✗ & ✓ & ✗ & ✗ & ✗ & ✓ \\ \cline{2-12}  & Location & & & & & & & & & & & \\ \cline{2-12}  & \begin{tabular}{c} Device \\ Property \\ \end{tabular} & ✗ & ✗ & ✗ & ✓ & ✗ & ✗ & ✓ & ✗ & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ \\ \cline{2-12}  & Data Privacy & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & ✗ & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ \\ \cline{2-12}  & Severity & ✗ & ✗ & ✗ & ✗ & ✗ & ✗ & ✗ & ✓ & ✓ \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{\
\begin{tabular}{c} Security \\ \end{tabular} } & Access & & & & & & & & & & & & \\ \cline{2-12}  & Control & ✗ & ✗ & ✗ & ✗ & ✗ & ✗ & ✗ & ✓ & ✓ \\ \cline{2-12}  & Confidentiality & ✗ & ✗ & ✗ & ✗ & ✗ & ✗ & ✗ & ✓ & ✗ & ✓ \\ \cline{2-12}  & Availability & ✗ & ✗ & ✗ & ✗ & ✗ & ✗ & ✗ & ✗ & ✓ & ✓ \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{
\begin{tabular}{c} Protocol \\ Stack-wise \\ Security \\ \end{tabular} } & Efficient & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & \\ \cline{2-12}  & Cryptography & ✗ & ✗ & ✗ & ✓ & ✓ & ✗ & ✗ & ✗ & ✓ \\ \cline{2-12}  & Device & ✗ & ✗ & ✗ & ✗ & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ \\ \cline{2-12}  & Transport & ✓ & ✗ & ✗ & ✗ & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & ✗ & ✗ \\ \cline{2-12}  & Layer & & & & & & & & & & & \\ \cline{2-12} Security & Network & & & & & & & & & & & \\ \cline{2-12} Solutions & Layer & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & ✗ & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & ✗ & ✗ & ✓ \\ \cline{2-12}  & Application & & & & & & & & & & & \\ \cline{2-12} Layer & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & ✗ & ✓ & ✓ & ✗ & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ \\ \cline{2-12}  & Access Level & ✗ & ✗ & ✗ & ✗ & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & ✗ & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Comparative analysis with the prior survey works. security-aware workflow scheduler for IoT-Fog networks, defending against DDoS and port scanning attacks by integrating fuzzy-based anomaly detection and NSGA-III multi-objective scheduling optimization. Through simulations, it outperforms existing algorithms, improving response time and network utilization in varying IoT scenarios. Unlike S-FoS, our paper focuses on the broader spectrum of IoT security, addressing vulnerabilities across various layers, communication protocols, and network topologies. We provide a comprehensive analysis, categorizing threats and proposing security solutions tailored to the unique constraints of IoT devices, emphasizing the need for customized security measures in the evolving IoT paradigm. In prior research, the authors proposed FUPE [63], a security-aware task scheduler for IoT-Fog networks, leveraging Software-Defined Networking (SDN) to address TCP SYN flood attacks. FUPE employs a fuzzy-based multi-objective particle swarm optimization approach to optimize computing resources and enhance security simultaneously. Extensive simulations demonstrate FUPE's superiority over state-of-the-art algorithms, showcasing significant improvements in average response time and network utilization under varying attack rates, fog devices, and job numbers. While FUPE focuses on addressing TCP SYN flood attacks in IoT-Fog networks through a security-aware task scheduler with SDN and optimization techniques, our work takes a broader perspective on IoT security. Our paper provides a comprehensive analysis of various security threats and vulnerabilities in IoT, presenting a detailed attack taxonomy. We categorize threats across different layers, communication protocols, and network topologies. Additionally, our proposed security solutions cover diverse aspects, offering a holistic approach to IoT security challenges. [PERSON] et al.