# Visualisation of Information Using Patient Journey Maps for a Mobile Health Application
## 1 Introduction  
In recent years, the demand for mobile healthcare services has expanded significantly owing to the ageing population, increasing interest in personal healthcare, and popularisation of smart devices. Mobile healthcare refers to the use of mobile devices to provide healthcare services and information to individual users, whereby they can check their health status and access healthcare services [1, 2]. Compared with traditional face-to-face services, mobile healthcare services are time- and cost-efficient and enable simultaneous and rapid distribution of information to numerous users. Various mobile healthcare services are available in the market at present [3]. Mobile healthcare services can be broadly categorised into two types depending on the user: those for medical providers and those for non-medical users. Services for healthcare providers include electronic health records (EHRs), also known as electronic medical records (EMRs), which provide the health information of a patient (past medical history, medications, progress records, etc.) to medical staff and medical institutions [4, 5, 6]. Services for individual users include telemedicine, appointment management and reminders, self-diagnosis, health habit tracking, fitness and wellness tracking, mental health diagnosis, and personal health records (PHRs) [7]. In recent years, the development of mobile PHRs has gained traction to provide safer and more personal forms of healthcare to patients [7, 8]. PHRs comprise electronic medical charts that contain medical data that are managed by a patient as well as information regarding the patient [9; 10]; they include both personal healthcare services (that are provided based on personal health-related information) and platforms (that provide personal health information or personal healthcare services) [11]. Patients can remotely access information such as test results and prescriptions, add personal information and medical histories to their medical records, and check and manage their health statuses using mobile PHR applications [10; 11]. PHR-related research in Korea has recently gained momentum; the Korean Government has created a PHR utilisation ecosystem as an important national agenda and announced plans to introduce means of improving national health and providing innovate medical services through personalised health information utilisation [12; 13]. A PHR contains medical information and is specifically designed for users without or with limited eHealth literacy, which refers to the ability to access, discover, understand, evaluate, and electronically apply health information to make health-related decisions [14]. Therefore, the information contained in PHRs must be accessible and easy to understand for such users to promote the widespread utilisation of PHRs [15]. That is, an individual must be able to understand and access their health data to increase their access to healthcare, which is key to improving the quality of their PHR experience. The health data that are provided to users through PHRs are divided into three types: medical institutional information (medical records, medication prescriptions, test results, consultation records, medical images, etc. ), personal health information (pulse, blood sugar, diet, lifestyle, exercise, etc. ), and public information (immunisation, weather, environmental records, epidemic information, etc.) [16]. Medical institutional information contains medical information, which is primarily managed by medical staff [6]. Therefore, ordinary users cannot understand and access such information, which suggests that user-friendly information delivery methods are required for users to access institutional medical information in PHRs. Therefore, we propose a patient journey map (PJM)-based information delivery and visualisation method to help patients understand and utilise healthcare information using mobile devices.