## 2 Related Works  
In recent years, significant attention has been given to the development and implementation of DCC methods in vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs). The primary goals are to manage network congestion and enhance the reliability of V2X communications [5; 7]. Comparing various DCC methods is challenging due to the diverse control strategies and performance metrics in the literature. To tackle this issue, standardization organizations like ETSI have developed performance evaluation standards and proposed a unified cross-layer DCC framework. This research will focus on DCC methods that optimize two primary metrics: CBR [8] and packet reception ratio (PRR) [9]. This study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the current state-of-the-art in DCC for VANETs and identify potential avenues for further research and development. A lower CBR value indicates a more efficient utilization of the communication channel, contributing to reduced network congestion. Conversely, PRR is calculated by dividing the number of received data packets by the number of sent data packets [9], thereby serving as a measure of successful communication within the network. A higher PRR value signifies better signal reception, ensuring that critical safety and traffic information is effectively communicated among vehicles. Our study pays particular attention to these optimization objectives and the resulting control strategies. Through the investigation of these approaches and their impact on network efficiency, our objective is to offer an in-depth insight into the contemporary advancements in DCC for VANETs, while pinpointing possible directions for future exploration and progress. The authors of [10] present the linear message rate integrated control (LIMERIC) algorithm, an effective solution that addresses fairness concerns and shows adaptability in various complex scenarios. Building upon the LIMERIC algorithm, the error model based adaptive rate control (EMBARC) algorithm is introduced in [11], which improves the LIMERIC approach by dynamically adjusting the transmission rate according to vehicular movement. In [12], the researchers suggest integrating beaconing into the vehicular networks framework and modifying the beacon frequency as well as the transmission rate to efficiently manage traffic congestion. To ensure that DCC is applicable to a broader array of scenarios, including those with a heightened focus on security, a substantial quantity of broadcast beacons is necessary. Consequently, the TRC mechanisms might prove insufficient in fulfilling all aspects of operational security requirements. [PERSON] and colleagues have shown that effective TPC is crucial for optimizing channel utilization while mitigating security concerns arising from channel saturation. To address this issue, they propose a solution called distributed fair power adjustment for vehicular environments (D-FPAV) [13]. This control scheme adheres to stringent fairness principles, ensuring prioritized transmission for high-priority data and equitable transmission conditions for other vehicles based on the prevailing channel conditions. The design of TPC is characteristically complex, as it encompasses rapidly evolving networks. Nevertheless, it is particularly well-adapted for streamlined and linear network topologies, such as those found in platooning scenarios. In [14], the authors explore various communication strategies for platooning by employing synchronized communication slots in conjunction with TPC techniques. They subsequently compare their proposed method with alternative beaconing solutions, including static beaconing and conventional ETCI DCC for automated platooning applications. The simulation results indicate that the suggested approach can effectively reduce collisions. Moreover, the researchers examined a mixed scenario wherein some vehicles simultaneously accessed the channel using ETSI DCC. They found that the performance of their proposed solution remained unaltered, while the ETSI DCC performance was significantly impacted.