# A Review of Industry 4.0 Assessment Instruments for Digital Transformation
## 3 Results
### Analysis and Findings of the Key Research Studies
These can be considered as technological drivers for small and medium-sized enterprises. [PERSON] et al. [34], are also focused in the small and medium-sized enterprises in manufacturing. The authors developed a survey that helps assess organizations in terms of technology adoption with the goal of achieving business benefits such as increasing productivity, efficiency, and quality. In contrast with other instruments, this survey does not consider organizational, strategic or workforce elements. Its focus is more on production, services and infrastructure. The article highlights the importance of system vertical integration infrastructure, which is one of the main drivers identified in the literature. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [14] consider transformation capabilities (drivers) for each dimension. These capabilities provide a clear insight into what must be considered for the dimension to thrive. For example, the workforce dimension includes existent and required skills, skills acquisition, flexibility and autonomy, and creativity and labor enrichment. This can help a company lead its way to Industry 4.0 implementation. [PERSON] et al. [11] also considered different principles (real-time data, virtualization, decentralization, and agility among others) and technologies (like adaptive robotics, embedded systems, cybersecurity, cloud, additive manufacturing, mobile technologies, etc.) for each dimension to provide an assessment criterion of a maturity model for Industry 4.0. The questions that [PERSON] and [PERSON] [14] incorporate are divided by dimension; this is a valuable attribute to the company since it makes it easier to answer them. The dimension that has more questions arethe strategy, structure, and organizational culture 8. The questions within this dimension involve investment plans, Industry 4.0 competitiveness, innovation and the incorporation of new technologies, customers, and clients, among others. Moreover, [PERSON] et al. [35] presented a questionnaire that involves dimensions like strategy, structure and organizational culture, workforce, smart factories, intelligent processes, smart products and services, and technology. The relevant dimensions described in this article are strategy, structure, organizational culture (the same as [PERSON] and [PERSON] [14]), and smart products and services. Some of the leading technologies they are considering Artificial Intelligence, embedded systems, microchips for traceability, additive manufacturing, smart sensors, big data, cloud manufacturing, data security, and augmented and virtual reality. The questionnaire was applied to three different companies considered to be major within the auto parts supply chain, and it was answered by professionals in the continuous improvement area. Furthermore, [PERSON] and [PERSON] [36] proposed a measurement framework by assessing the digital transformation of cultural institutions through a questionnaire. The dimensions this study includes are people, technology, process, customer, strategy, and investment. The questions are divided by dimension, and each dimension has its subcategory. Also, the questions revolve around employees' skills, technology, and data, informatic systems, digital marketing, and strategic planning. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [15] focused their study on small and medium-sized enterprises, specifically in manufacturing. These authors include leadership as a dimension that evaluates the existence of roles and responsibilities for leading digital initiatives in the company, the vision of senior managers for digitalization, and the collaboration among stakeholders. These criteria greatly affect the implementation process because it is not just about technology but also about roles, skills, and leadership. Particularly, [PERSON] et al. [22], [PERSON] and [PERSON] [14], [PERSON] et al. [35], and [PERSON] and [PERSON] [15] carried out studies that contain information about relevant dimensions, questionnaires, industry of application, and other fundamental elements for developing a more robust assessment instrument.