# Plant Foliar Geometry as a Biomimetic Template for Antenna Design  
[PERSON]  
1 Departamento de Electronica y Telecomunicaciones, Centro de Investigacion Cientifica y de Educacion Superior de Ensenada (CKCESE), Carretera Ensenada-Tijuana No. 3918, Zona Playitas, Ensenada 22860, Baja California, Mexico; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (J.I.L. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (M.A.A.-A. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (R.C.) [PERSON]  
1 Departamento de Electronica y Telecomunicaciones, Centro de Investigacion Cientifica y de Educacion Superior de Ensenada (CKCESE), Carretera Ensenada-Tijuana No. 3918, Zona Playitas, Ensenada 22860, Baja California, Mexico; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (J.I.L. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (M.A.A.-A. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (R.C.) [PERSON]  
2 Departamento de Biologia de la Conservacion, Centro de Investigacion Cientifica y de Educacion Superior de Ensenada (CICESE), Carretera Ensenada-Tijuana No. 3918, Zona Playitas, Ensenada 22860, Baja California, Mexico; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (J.I.L. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (M.A.-A.-A. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (R.C.) [PERSON]  
1 Departamento de Electronica y Telecomunicaciones, Centro de Investigacion Cientifica y de Educacion Superior de Ensenada (CKCESE), Carretera Ensenada-Tijuana No. 3918, Zona Playitas, Ensenada 22860, Baja California, Mexico; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (J.I.L. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (M.A.A.-A. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (R.C.) [PERSON]  
2 Departamento de Biologia de la Conservacion, Centro de Investigacion Cientifica y de Educacion Superior de Ensenada (CICESE), Carretera Ensenada-Tijuana No. 3918, Zona Playitas, Ensenada 22860, Baja California, Mexico; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (J.I.L. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (J.I.L. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS]. harvesting [5; 6], antenna designs [7; 8], terahertz applications [9], Internet of Plants [10], thermal exchange [11], among others. Therefore, the structure of leaves can be employed as a biomimetic toolbox for a wide set of technological applications [12]. This should not be surprising, as there are over 300,000 described species of plants in the world, and it is estimated that an additional 150,000 are to be still described [13]. The foliar structure has been one of the main targets of diversification, and as such, the shape is influenced by the networks of water conduction [14; 15], and the patterns of radiation capture [16; 17; 18]. One potentially critical application of the geometry of plant leaves is the design and production of antennas [19; 20; 21; 22; 23]. Previous work by [PERSON] et al., proposed the application of a super-formula to create many different foliar geometries [24; 25; 26]. These foliar geometries generated by the Gielis super-formula have provided an interesting ground for designing new types and forms of antennas, encompassing a wide range of applications. However, even when the Gielis super-formula can provide a mathematically feasible way to generate multilobated leaves, it is still difficult to emulate the vast diversity of leaf shapes and sizes in the natural world. Furthermore, other authors have employed single species to design antenna elemental geometry, by imitating biological structures [27] or bionic antennas [28]. Some examples include the simulation of the _Ginkgo biloba_ leaf shape [29] and the banana leaf antenna [30]. Although the use of the natural geometries of plant leaves have been considered previously as a template for designing antenna elements, there is still an ample gap in our current capacity to find different geometrical configurations that outperform the state of art imposed by regular and conventional geometries. Therefore, this paper analyzes and studies the application of several novel geometries of plant leaves for designing antenna systems.