## 2 Materials and Methods
### Data Sources
#### 2.2.2 The Environmental Covariates
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline
**Category** & **Covariate 1** & **Variable Abbreviation** & **N2** & **Resolution** \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{Terrain} & Aspect & asp & 1 & 1 km \\  & general curvature & curva & 1 & 1 km \\  & Elevation & dem & 1 & 1 km \\  & Flow path length & FPL & 1 & 1 km \\  & Multi-resolution Ridge Top Flatness & MRRTF & 1 & 1 km \\  & Multi-resolution Valley Bottom Flatness & MRVBF & 1 & 1 km \\  & Slope & Slp & 1 & 1 km \\  & Slope height & SlpHeight & 1 & 1 km \\  & Slope length & SlpLength & 1 & 1 km \\  & Stream Power Index & SPI & 1 & 1 km \\  & SAGA Wetness Index & SWI & 1 & 1 km \\  & Terrain Ruggedness Index & TRI & 1 & 1 km \\  & Topographic Wetness Index & TWI & 1 & 1 km \\  & Vector Ruggedness Measure & VRM & 1 & 1 km \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{Annual minimum, maximum, mean of daytime LST of the sampling year and the multiyear average} & yr\_d\_i\_1/9, & \multirow{2}{*}{6} & \multirow{2}{*}{1 km} \\  & sampling year and the multiyear average & yr\_d\_a\_1/9, & \multirow{2}{*}{6} & \multirow{2}{*}{1 km} \\  & vary\_d\_e\_1/9 & & \\  & & yr\_n\_i\_1/9, & \multirow{2}{*}{6} & \multirow{2}{*}{1 km} \\  & the sampling year and the multiyear average & yr\_n\_a\_1/9, & \multirow{2}{*}{6} & \multirow{2}{*}{1 km} \\  & Annual minimum, maximum, mean of day/night LST & yr\_df\_i\_1/9; & \multirow{2}{*}{6} & \multirow{2}{*}{1 km} \\  & differential of the sampling year and the multiyear average & yr\_df\_a\_1/9; & \multirow{2}{*}{6} & \multirow{2}{*}{1 km} \\  & Annual mean of day/night LST average of the sampling year and the multiyear average & yr\_dn\_e\_1/9 & \multirow{2}{*}{2} & \multirow{2}{*}{1 km} \\  & & s1\_d\_i\_1/9, & \multirow{2}{*}{} & \multirow{2}{*}{} \\  & Seasonal minimum, maximum, mean of daytime LST of the sampling year and the multiyear average & s1\_d\_a\_1/9, & \multirow{2}{*}{24} & \multirow{2}{*}{1 km} \\  & the sampling year and the multiyear average & s1\_d\_e\_1/9, & \multirow{2}{*}{} & \multirow{2}{*}{} \\  & Seasonal minimum, maximum, mean of nighttime LST of the sampling year and the multiyear average & s1\_n\_a\_1/9, & \multirow{2}{*}{24} & \multirow{2}{*}{1 km} \\  & Seasonal minimum, maximum, mean of nighttime LST of the sampling year and the multiyear average & s1\_n\_a\_1/9, & \multirow{2}{*}{24} & \multirow{2}{*}{1 km} \\  & Seasonal minimum, maximum, mean of nighttime LST of the sampling year and the multiyear average & s1\_n\_a\_1/9, & \multirow{2}{*}{24} & \multirow{2}{*}{1 km} \\  & the sampling year and the multiyear average & s1\_n\_e\_1/9, & \multirow{2}{*}{8} & \multirow{2}{*}{1 km} \\  & Seasonal minimum, maximum, mean of day/night LST & s1\_df\_a\_1/9, & \multirow{2}{*}{} & \multirow{2}{*}{1 km} \\  & differential of the sampling year and the multiyear average & s4\_df\_a\_1/9; & \multirow{2}{*}{8} & \multirow{2}{*}{1 km} \\  & Seasonal day/night LST average of the multiyear average & s1\_dn\_e\_1/9, & \multirow{2}{*}{8} & \multirow{2}{*}{1 km} \\  & the multiyear average & s4\_dn\_e\_1/9 & \multirow{2}{*}{8} & \multirow{2}{*}{1 km} \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{Precipitation} & Annual precipitation of the sampling year and multiyear mean & pre\_1/9 & \multirow{2}{*}{2} & \multirow{2}{*}{1 km} \\  & Seasonal precipitation of the sampling year and the multiyear average & pre\_s1\_1/9, & \multirow{2}{*}{8} & \multirow{2}{*}{1 km} \\  & Annual minimum, maximum, mean temperature of the sampling year and the multiyear average & pre\_s4\_1/9 & \multirow{2}{*}{8} & \multirow{2}{*}{1 km} \\  & Annual minimum, maximum, mean temperature of the sampling year and the multiyear average & tmn\_yr\_1/9, & \multirow{2}{*}{6} & \multirow{2}{*}{1 km} \\  & sampling year and the multiyear average & tmp\_yr\_1/9 & \multirow{2}{*}{6} & \multirow{2}{*}{1 km} \\ Air temperature & & tmn\_s1\_1/9, & \multirow{2}{*}{} & \multirow{2}{*}{1 km} \\ Seasonal minimum, maximum, mean temperature of the sampling year and the multiyear average & tmn\_s4\_1/9;tmx\_s1\_1/9, & \multirow{2}{*}{} & \multirow{2}{*}{1 km} \\  & Seasonal minimum, maximum, mean temperature of the sampling year and the multiyear average & \(\ldots\), & \multirow{2}{*}{24} & \multirow{2}{*}{1 km} \\  & sampling year and the multiyear average & tmx\_s4\_1/9;tmx\_s1\_1/9, & \multirow{2}{*}{} & \multirow{2}{*}{1 km} \\  & \(\ldots\), tmp\_s4\_1/9 & \multirow{2}{*}{} & \multirow{2}{*}{\(\ldots\), tmp\_s4\_1/9} & \multirow{2}{*}{} \\ \end{tabular}
\end{table}