# Heavy Metal Ion Detection Platforms Based on a Glutathione Probe: A Mini Review
## 3 Heavy Metal Ion Detection Platforms Using Glutathione
### Summary of HMI Detection Platforms Using GSH
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c|c|c|c|c|c|c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Signal Transduction**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Sensor Structure**} & **HMI Target** & \multirow{2}{*}{**Detection Limit**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Linear Range**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Response Time**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**References**} \\ \hline \multicolumn{7}{c}{**Optical methods**} \\ \hline \hline \multirow{4}{*}{**Colorimetry**} & **Gold NPs** & **Pb** & 0.1 \(\mu\)M & 0.1–50 \(\mu\)M & 20 – 25 min & [43] \\ \cline{2-7}  & Silver NPs & **Pb** & 1 \(\mu\)M & Not mentioned & At least 10 min & [32] \\ \cline{2-7}  & Gold NPs & **Cd** & 4.3 \(\mu\)M & 17 \(\mu\)M-16.67 \(\mu\)M & About 17 min & [49] \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} Localized surface plasmon resonance \\ \end{tabular} } & **Gold NPs** & **Pb** & 50 \(\mu\)M & 0.1 \(\mu\)M–10 \(\mu\)M & 15 min & [33] \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} **Fluorescence** \\ \end{tabular} } & **Gold NPs** & **Pb** & 0.1 \(\mu\)M & 2-350 \(\mu\)M & About 1 min & [44] \\ \cline{2-7}  & Silver NPs & **Pb** & 0.6 \(\mu\)M & 60 \(\mu\)M–2.4 \(\mu\)M (20-800 \(\mu\)P & Less than 20 min & [45] \\ \cline{2-7}  & & & & estimated) & \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} Surface-enhanced Raman scattering \\ \end{tabular} } & **Silver NPs** & **As\({}^{34}\)** & 10.2 \(\mu\)M & 53.7 \(\mu\)M–4.0 \(\mu\)M & At least 2 min & [46] \\ \cline{2-7}  & Gold NPs & **Pb** & (0.76 \(\mu\)M) & 2.40–48.26 \(\mu\)M & About 40 min & [35] \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} **Whispering gallery mode** \\ \end{tabular} } & **Mn-doped ZnS QDs** & **Pb** & 2.2 \(\mu\)M & 4.9 \(\mu\)M–0.49 \(\mu\)M & Not mentioned & [52] \\ \cline{2-7}  & Mn-doped ZnS QDs & **Pb**, Cr, Hg & 0.93 \(\mu\)M for mixed HMIs & 1 \(\mu\)M–1 mM & Not mentioned & [53] \\ \cline{2-7}  & **CdTe QDs** & **Pb** & 0.26 \(\mu\)M & 0.8–15 \(\mu\)M & About 15 s & [54] \\ \cline{2-7}  & Carbon QDs & **Hg** & 0.05 \(\mu\)M & 1 \(\mu\)M–50 \(\mu\)M & At least 20 min & [39] \\ \cline{2-7}  & Silver NPs & **Ni\({}^{2*}\)** & 75 \(\mu\)M & About 75 \(\mu\)M–1 & Not mentioned & [48] \\ \cline{2-7}  & Gold Nanostars & **Pb** & 0.5 \(\mu\)M & About 0.5–4 \(\mu\)M & About 30 min & [42] \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} **Dynamic Light Scattering** \\ \end{tabular} } & **Gold Nanorod Chains** & **Pb** & 0.025 mM & Not mentioned & Not mentioned & [41] \\ \hline \hline \multicolumn{7}{c}{**Electrochemical methods**} \\ \hline \hline \multirow{4}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} **Square Wave Anodic Stripping** \\ **Voltammetry, SWASV** \\ \end{tabular} } & Magnetic NPs & Cd, Pb & (0.182 \(\mu\)M/L): & 4.4–879 \(\mu\)M & \multirow{4}{*}{210 s} & \multirow{4}{*}{[40]} \\  & & & 0.8 \(\mu\)M & 2.3–460 \(\mu\)M & 210 s & \\ \cline{2-7}  & & (0.172 \(\mu\)M/L) & (0.5–100 \(\mu\)M/L) & & \\ \cline{2-7}  & **Glassy-Carbon** & **Cd** & 0.05 \(\mu\)M & 2–20 \(\mu\)M & 120 s & [56] \\ \cline{2-7}  & **Carbon Paste** & **Cd** & 8.5 \(\mu\)M & 4.2–420 \(\mu\)M & Longer than & [58] \\ \cline{2-7}  & Electrode & **Cd** & (2 ppb) & (1–10 ppb) & 7 min & [58] \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{\
\begin{tabular}{c} **Differial pulsed** \\ ** anodic stripping** \\ **voltammetry, DPASV** \\ \end{tabular} } & Screen-Printed & \multirow{2}{*}{Pb, Cd} & \multirow{2}{*}{–0.1 \(\mu\)M} & About 0.3–4.5 & \multirow{2}{*}{120 s} & \multirow{2}{*}{[57]} \\  & Carbon Nanofiber & **Pb**, Cd & (–3 \(\mu\)g/L) & nM (about & 10-150 \(\mu\)g/L) & \\ \cline{2-7}  & **Electride effect** & & 10 \(\mu\)M & 10 \(\mu\)M–10 \(\mu\)M & 1–2 s & [34] \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{
\begin{tabular}{c} **FET (Pulse-driven capacitance)** \\ \end{tabular} } & Field effect & **Pb** & 10 \(\mu\)M & 10 \(\mu\)M–10 \(\mu\)M & 1–2 s & [34] \\ \cline{2-7}  & **CdTe** & **CdTe** & **Pb** & (<1 ppb) & 24–96 \(\mu\)M & 1–2 s & [19] \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Recent Achievements in Heavy Metal Ion (HMI) Detection Platforms Using GSH.