## 4 Simulations and Experimental Results
When compared with the multi-vector MPC, the proposed method achieves a nearly identical output performance while effectively reducing the current error by employing its discontinuous switching technique. In particular, the proposed method presents considerable potential for improving the system efficiency owing to reduced switching losses, achieved via switching suppression in the discontinuous regions. Additionally, Figure 10b depicts the comparison of the output current THD for each method. The THD output current is calculated as follows:  
Figure 10.0  
where \(i_{x1}\cdots i_{xn}\) denote the fundamental and nth harmonic components of the output currents in phase \(x\), respectively. The simulation considers up to the 8335 th harmonic components. We performed comparative analyses of the total losses and for the conventional MPC, multi-vector MPC, and the proposed D-MPC across various switching frequency conditions, as shown in Figure 10.1 The proposed D-MPC presented lower losses and higher efficiency than the conventional MPC at identical switching frequencies. This improvement is attributed to the fact that the conventional MPC increases the number of switching operations during the periods of increasing current, whereas the proposed D-MPC employs discontinuous switching techniques that suppress the switching operations during unnecessary intervals. Furthermore, when compared with the multi-vector MPC, the proposed method maintained the output performance while further reducing the switching losses, achieving greater efficiency improvement. The proposed method was implemented using a prototype experimental setup, as shown in Figure 10.2 The experimental apparatus comprised a three-phase voltage source inverter (VSI) with IGBT modules and an RL load. A digital signal processor (DSP, TMS320F28335) was used for the real-time processing of the switching algorithm. In this experiment, we validated the performance of the proposed method via comparison with conventional MPCs. We conducted experiments to demonstrate that the proposed method can maintain the output current performance while reducing the switching losses and improving inverter efficiency via discontinuous switching techniques. In addition, the performance was evaluated under various switching frequencies and load conditions to examine the feasibility of its practical implementation in real-world environments. The experimental results (Figures 15 and 16) demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed discontinuous MPC compared with the conventional MPC. No  
Figure 10.3 Performance comparison of the conventional MPC, multi-vector MPC, and the proposed D-MPC under varying switching frequency conditions: (**a**) total losses and (**b**) efficiency. The output performance of the proposed MPC was maintained at nearly identical levels to that of the multi-vector MPC. However, by implementing discontinuous-based switching techniques, experimental validation confirmed that switching losses can be potentially reduced, thereby increasing the inverter efficiency. Table 3 presents a comparison of the DSP execution times and reduction rates for the conventional MPC, multi-vector MPC, and the proposed D-MPC. The proposed method achieved an execution time of 20.12 \(\upmu\)s, which demonstrates an improvement of approximately 20% when compared with the conventional MPC (25.23 \(\upmu\)s). This efficiency is quantified by a DSP execution time reduction rate of 0.79, exhibiting enhanced computational efficiency over the existing method. Furthermore, the execution time of the proposed method is similar to that of the multi-vector MPC (19.34 \(\upmu\)s). Despite implementing multiple vectors, the introduction of the pre-vector selection technique enabled the proposed method to maintain an efficient execution time comparable to that of the existing methods. These experimental results demonstrate that the combination of discontinuous switching and pre-vector selection can minimize the computational overhead while maintaining the control performance.