# Mapping of Kill Erosion of the Middle Volga (Russia) Region Using Deep Neural Network
## 4 Results and Discussion
Agricultural development of southern chernozems is high: in  
Figure 5:1 Dependence of the length of the erosion network on the prevailing soil type. Soil types are given in the Supplementary Materials. the European part of Russia, it exceeds 50%, while moving to the east, plowing decreases and the number of pastures increases. The main crops grown are cereals (wheat and corn) and legumes; considerable areas are occupied by industrial crops (sugar beet and tobacco), vegetable, and melon crops. Flowed soils are prone to water and wind erosion, structural degradation, and slitization under irrigation. The last group is soils with a maximum total length of erosion network--soils of dry steppes and semi-deserts. These are different subtypes of chestnut soils and solonetz soils, a description of which was given earlier. The one-factor analysis of variance was also applied to analyze the relationship between erosion activity and the predominant type of soil-forming rocks (Figure 18). In this case, grouping types is problematic due to implicit clustering; however, certain patterns are still observed. The increase in total length of fill erosion directly depends on clay content in the soil-forming rock and--in its water-holding capacity, drainability. The minimum, near-zero erosion network length is observed on weakly erodible shales. Analyzing the rocks on which erosion is observed, the minimum length of the erosion network falls on the group of rocks conditionally united into the so-called \"sands\"--these are sandy rocks and sandstones. These rocks have the maximum infiltration capacity, not allowing the formation of washout surface runoff and coming to the soils with minimal humus horizons. Slightly better eroded areas are composed of clayey and loamy rocks, underlain by sandy and sandy loam rocks, as well as light loam rocks themselves. Medium loamy rocks and rocks of different textures with a predominance of loam and clay are better eroded. On average, easily erodible chalky rocks--limestone and other carbonate rocks--are even better erodible. They usually form gray forest soils and leached chernozems, heavily involved in agricultural production. The most significant total length of the erosion network is expected to be in water-resistant clay and heavy loam rocks, on which surface runoff is formed, eroding fertile soil layers. Separately, sandy loam rocks, for which we could not find a reliable relationship--these rocks, draining well the surface runoff, can be resistant to erosion processes and, folding typical chernozems, due to active economic activity falls in the area of maximum fill erosion. Figure 5:2 Dependence of the length of the erosion network on the prevailing type of soil-forming rocks. The rock types are given in the Supplementary Materials. The analysis of variance was conducted separately by landscape zones, and the result can be observed in Figure 5:3 The results confirm the earlier conclusions--the zones of dry and typical steppes and semi-deserts are most susceptible to erosion processes. The analysis of the relationship between erosion processes and anthropogenic load also confirms the previous conclusions (Figure 20). The score of the anthropogenic load is given based on the development of the territory, the presence of settlements, industry, and roads of various types, as well as population density. Figure 5:4 Relationship between the rill erosion network length and landscape zone. Figure 5:5 The dependence of the length of the rill erosion network on the anthropogenic load. The intensity of erosion processes increases with increasing anthropogenic load, but not linearly. The maximum intensity of erosion is observed under moderate anthropogenic load. Decrease of the total length of erosion forms with further increase of anthropogenic load is related to decrease of the area not occupied by cities, manufactories, and other anthropogenic objects.