## 2 Literature Review  
Systematic literature review (SLR) is a systematic, explicit, and reproducible method for identifying, evaluating, and synthesizing the existing body of completed and recorded work produced by researchers, scholars, and practitioners [21]. The rigorous Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach is used in this study to ascertain the significant seismic soil liquefaction factors from the literature and consists of planning, selection, extraction, and execution phases (see Figure 1). The systemic literature review approach removes the potential bottlenecks associated with the application of accurate methodology and simply helps to expand the subsequent sections on the paper. Readers can refer to the literature [14; 15] for the detailed systematic literature review process. The purpose and scope of a systematic literature review in this study was the identification of the significant seismic soil liquefaction factors and their relationships. A protocol is a plan that describes the conduct of a proposed systematic literature review [22]. As published literature is interlinked to a considerable degree, one paper leads to others. So, picking up one thread eventually leads to others. As references accumulated, some of them were more vital and useful and some references, such as seminal papers, were found to be generally referenced a number of times in the relevant literature. The literature review search was strengthened by online scientific databases such as Science Direct, Bing, Taylor and Francis, Google Scholar, Emerald, etc. using the primary keywords soil liquefaction, interpretive structural modeling, and MICMAC analysis and the secondary keywords soil type, fines content, magnitude of earthquake, groundwater table. Research articles published in reputed scholarly journals, doctoral theses, master theses, working papers, and survey reports published on soil liquefaction influencing factors by professional individuals and agencies were incorporated in this study. Several studies were found that clearly did not meet the requirements or were of insufficient quality to be included in the review synthesis and were excluded. The main purpose was to obtain qualitative information from scientific publications rather than to quantify the research on the subject. Published research papers have concluded that there are three groups of parameters i.e., seismic parameters, site conditions, and soil parameters that control the soil liquefaction phenomenon. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [23] pointed out that seismic parameters, site conditions, and soil parameters should be taken into consideration at the same time in assessing soil liquefaction potential, and can be subdivided into more parameters. Field experts examined and analyzed the preliminary list and they believed that the soil liquefaction factors retrieved from the literature were important for expanding exploratory research by developing a structural self-interaction matrix for interpretive structural modeling. Based on  
Figure 1: A systematic literature review guide [14]. the synthesis of the systematic literature review and field experts' opinions, significant seismic soil liquefaction factors (see Table 1) have been identified. The descriptions of these significant factors are as follows:  
1 Earthquake magnitude Soil liquefaction potential increases with the magnitude of the earthquake, thus causing more damage. There is no past record of soil liquefaction occurring with earthquakes of magnitude below 5 [13]. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [24] proposed that in liquefaction hazard assessments for engineering applications, magnitude 5.0 should be adopted as the minimum earthquake size to be considered. [PERSON] and [PERSON] revised the magnitude scaling factor relationship for SPT-based liquefaction triggering analyses, incorporating functional dependency on earthquake magnitude [25].