## 3 Research Design and Methodology, and Model Integration
### AHP Analysis  
In our research, we adopt a novel application of the AHP methodology, which is uniquely tailored to evaluate key factors in the 5G antenna manufacturing process, especially considering the integration of blockchain technology. This approach is designed to overcome the limitations often encountered in traditional AHP applications, making it highly specific to our research needs. The methodology begins with data collection through a standardized questionnaire. This questionnaire uses [PERSON]'s nine-point scale, as outlined in Table 3 of our study [115]. The scale ranges from 1 (indicating equal importance) to 9 (signifying extreme importance), enabling a nuanced differentiation of the importance of various factors. This approach is particularly effective in capturing the subjective judgments of experts and aligning them with objective analysis. Figure 7: AHP research framework for evaluating key factors in 5G ceramic antenna manufacturing: This diagram presents the steps of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), outlining how it systematically quantifies the significance of criteria and sub-criteria—from ‘equal’ to ‘extreme’ importance—in the 5G antenna manufacturing process. The process involves identifying the goal, defining top factors and sub-factors, conducting surveys using the AHP scale, and performing an in-depth analysis of the results to inform manufacturing optimization strategies. Following the data collection, we converted the responses into a pairwise comparison matrix. This matrix is crucial in our methodology as it simplifies the analysis process. By comparing two elements at a time, it becomes easier for evaluators to manage the assessment than dealing with multiple comparisons simultaneously. This step is critical for ensuring a focused and efficient analysis. Our in-depth analysis particularly focuses on the relative significance of several key factors--'Subject', 'Environment', and 'Resources'--within the context of manufacturing 5G ceramic antennas. These factors are examined not in isolation but in their interconnected roles in the manufacturing process. This examination sheds light not only on the individual importance of these factors but also on their interplay and collective impact on the manufacturing process. Moreover, our study extends beyond just identifying these factors. We delve into how the integration of blockchain technology can influence each factor and the overall manufacturing process. Blockchain's potential to enhance transparency, security, and traceability in the supply chain is considered in relation to the efficiency and quality control in antenna production. This comprehensive approach allows us to provide a quantitative evaluation of these critical factors. It also offers insights into the practical implications of integrating advanced technologies like blockchain in the 5G antenna manufacturing industry. By doing so, our study contributes to both theoretical and practical knowledge, paving the way for more informed decision-making in this rapidly evolving field. In the AHP, the element \(a_{\mathrm{ij}}\) in the pairwise comparison matrix \(A\), as represented in Equation (3), is an approximation of the relative importance of element \(i\) compared to \(j\), expressed as \(w_{\mathrm{i}}/w_{\mathrm{j}}\). This matrix \(A\) is reciprocal, meaning that \(a_{\mathrm{ij}}=1/a_{\mathrm{ij}}\), and it possesses