## 1 Introduction  
Quality of life and psychological well-being play crucial roles in an individual's functioning, influencing their ability to cope effectively with difficulties, establish satisfying social relationships, and achieve their goals. Life satisfaction has attracted particular attention because it is considered an essential component of subjective well-being. Life satisfaction is understood to be a cognitive evaluation of one's quality of life based on individual criteria. Although research on life satisfaction has been ongoing for many years, it remains a complex concept requiring further exploration. Life satisfaction plays a key role in shaping one's attitude toward one's own existence, fostering the experience of positive emotions and reducing the occurrence of negative feelings, thus serving as an important element of subjective well-being and a broadly defined quality of life [1, 2]. It is also important to distinguish life satisfaction from related constructs such as happiness and quality of life. Happiness is often understood as the immediate experience of positive emotions, whereas life satisfaction represents a more enduring cognitive assessment of overall quality of life [3]. In addition, life satisfaction is a component of subjective well-being, along with affective balance, which measures the prevalence of positive versus negative emotions [4]. Assessing one's overall life satisfaction encompasses various domains, such as well-being, social connections, and economic status, and can be considered across the temporal dimensions of the past, present, and future. People integrate evaluations from different facets of their lives to create a comprehensive view of their life satisfaction. A quantitative assessment of the overall feeling of satisfaction can be conducted using a one-dimensional self-evaluation tool [5]. One factor that may be important for achieving a high level of life satisfaction is regular physical activity at an appropriate intensity. Current research has shown that regular exercise benefits both physical and mental health. Participation in sports training reduces stress and positively affects life satisfaction [6; 7]. Physical activity has important implications for well-being regardless of age, and on days when people are more physically active than typical, they report greater life satisfaction [8]. During emerging adulthood (18-25 years), people's global assessment of their well-being appears to deteriorate more than at any other time, but daily physical activity has a positive impact on emerging adults' life satisfaction [9]. Additional research findings, also including longitudinal studies, indicate that engaging in long-term and regular physical activity is linked to higher subjective well-being and more effective coping with negative emotions [10; 11; 12; 13]. Recent research has also underscored that regular physical activity is consistently associated with improved subjective well-being across diverse populations. A meta-analysis by [PERSON] et al. (2021) demonstrated a positive association between physical activity and well-being in healthy individuals across different age groups and activity types. Similarly, a systematic review by [PERSON] et al. (2020) confirmed that physical activity significantly improves quality of life and well-being in adults and older adults [14; 15]. The link between physical activity and life satisfaction seems to be well established, so it is now worth focusing on identifying factors that might further explain this relationship. Accordingly, the authors examined the mediators between physical activity and life satisfaction by analyzing different determinants. [PERSON] et al. (2023) explored the influence of physical activity on life satisfaction through self-efficacy and resilience. Using validated scales and statistical analyses, they found that physical activity positively impacts life satisfaction, both directly and indirectly.