A Flexible Demand Response Dispatch Strategy Considering Multiple Response Modes and Wind Power Uncertainty  
Haiteng Han  
College of Energy and Electrical Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Y.Z. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (T.W. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (H.Z. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (G.S. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Z.W.) Yao Zhang  
College of Energy and Electrical Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Y.Z. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (T.W. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (H.Z. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (G.S. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Z.W.) As an effective method for optimal dispatch of power systems, DR is actively involved in the initial stage of China's electricity market. Additionally, in the development of electricity markets in various countries, experiences have been summarized from the perspective of both theory and practice. [PERSON] [8] subdivides the types of markets based on different classification criteria, analyzing the basic functions of the different markets. The time-of-use (TOU) electricity price decision model based on customer response combined with consumer psychology demonstrates that a reasonable TOU electricity price is necessary to effectively achieve the peak-shaving and valley-filling goal [9]. A non-cooperative Stackelberg model-based game theory is developed in Ref. [10], which shows that TOU improves customer satisfaction and, to some extent, the efficiency of the power supply sector. The price-based DR resource is accounted for in the wind-photovoltaic-concentrated solar power hybrid power generation system established in Ref. [11]. It can effectively combine both the source and load sides for optimal dispatch while ensuring safe and stable grid operation. The virtual energy plant (VEP) contains dispatchable loads and distributed energy. The development of VEP enhances the willingness of energy to participate in market transactions and improves the utilization of decentralized energy [12]. The response characteristic constraints analyzed in existing studies mostly focus on a user-side resource such as interruptible load [13]. [PERSON] [14] contributes to the trends of providing a realistic basis to research distributed DR-integrated energy scheduling by using insights from non-cooperative game theory. [PERSON] [15] proposes an interruption capacity size constraint on the interruptible load in the case of unit breakdown. However, the purpose of the optimal scheduling strategy developed for DR resources, which is involved in the scheduling operation, is not limited to ensuring the maximization of the efficiency of interruptible load response. The comprehensive consideration of multiple DR resources in conjunction with each other to achieve the optimal configuration still requires deeper research. Studies conducted on DR to provide backup resources show that the connection between DR and wind power consumption is becoming closer, and its exploration is currently an important research direction. Under high penetration of wind generation units with the presence of DR resources on both the generation and demand sides, a robust day-ahead dispatch model of the power system is developed. DR resources have been found to increase system operational flexibility [16]. Large-scale DR is a useful regulatory method used in high-proportion renewable energy source (RES) integration power systems. The simulation results show that the proposed DR can promote the consumption of RES [17]. A robust, two-stage optimization model with cost minimization as the objective function is posed. The results of numerical examples argue that DR can effectively promote wind power consumption and minimize system dispatch and standby costs [18]. [PERSON] [19] proposes a model for DR resources to replace some peaking units, which can reduce the peaking capacity demand with wind power connected and improve system operation efficiency.