## 3 Potential of Earth Observation (EO) for Supporting SDG Indicators
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**Main Application** & **Classification** & **Example EO Applications** \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{Exvironment} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{Land use and cover change [85]} \\  & Biodiversity and habitat assessment [101; 102] & \multicolumn{2}{c}{Inland water resources [103]} \\  & \multicolumn{2}{c}{Forestry- Deforestation and Afforestation [104]} \\  & \multicolumn{2}{c}{Reforestation [99]} \\  & \multicolumn{2}{c}{Forest fire [105]} \\  & \multicolumn{2}{c}{Agriculture (crop mapping) [98]} \\  & \multicolumn{2}{c}{Hydrology [106]} \\  & \multicolumn{2}{c}{Mining and mineral exploitation [107]} \\  & \multicolumn{2}{c}{Species growth (phenology) [108]} \\  & \multicolumn{2}{c}{Soil Moisture [109]} \\  & \multicolumn{2}{c}{Soil organic carbon [110]} \\  & \multicolumn{2}{c}{Snow cover and glaciers [111]} \\  & \multicolumn{2}{c}{Species identification [112]} \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{Ocean} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{Sea-surface temperatures [113]} \\  & \multicolumn{2}{c}{Ocean colour and algae booming [114]} \\  & \multicolumn{2}{c}{Sea levels [115]} \\  & \multicolumn{2}{c}{Algae booming [116]} \\  & \multicolumn{2}{c}{Floating plastics [117]} \\  & \multicolumn{2}{c}{Sea-Ice [97]} \\  & \multicolumn{2}{c}{Marine and coastal environments [118]} \\  & \multicolumn{2}{c}{Species identification [119]} \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Atmospheric} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{Weather forecasting [120]} \\  & \multicolumn{2}{c}{Radiation, evapotranspiration [121]} \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{Climate system} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{Air quality and greenhouses gases [122]} \\  & \multicolumn{2}{c}{Carbon Dioxide [123]} \\  & \multicolumn{2}{c}{Ozone [124]} \\  & \multicolumn{2}{c}{Nitrogen dioxide [125]} \\  & \multicolumn{2}{c}{Methane [126]} \\  & \multicolumn{2}{c}{Nitrogen dioxide [127]} \\  & \multicolumn{2}{c}{Sulphur dioxide [128]} \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Disaster management} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{Oil spill [95]} \\  & \multicolumn{2}{c}{Disaster risk and damage assessment [129]} \\  & \multicolumn{2}{c}{Geohazard risks [130]} \\  & \multicolumn{2}{c}{Flooding [131]} \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Corruption} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{Illegal logging [132]} \\  & \multicolumn{2}{c}{Favouritism [133]} \\  & \multicolumn{2}{c}{Illegal fisheries [134]} \\  & \multicolumn{2}{c}{Inflated GDP [135]} \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Transport} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{Ship tracking [136]} \\  & \multicolumn{2}{c}{Transportation infrastructure [137]} \\  & \multicolumn{2}{c}{Smart transport and logistics [138]} \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Socio-economic} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{Global population density [139]} \\  & \multicolumn{2}{c}{Quality of life [140]} \\  & \multicolumn{2}{c}{Ethnic minorities development index [141]} \\  & \multicolumn{2}{c}{Poverty [142]} \\ \cline{1-1}  & \multicolumn{2}{c}{Socio-Economic development} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{Economic growth and GDP estimation socio-economic activities [143]} \\  & \multicolumn{2}{c}{Urbanisation dynamics [144]} \\  & \multicolumn{2}{c}{Regional inequality [145]} \\  & \multicolumn{2}{c}{Urban planning [146]} \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Energy} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{Electricity consumption [147]} \\  & \multicolumn{2}{c}{Access to electricity [148]} \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Humanitarian} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{Human rights [149]} \\  & \multicolumn{2}{c}{Natural disasters, structural damage assessment, and population estimation in settlements in conflict [150]} \\ \cline{1-1}  & \multicolumn{2}{c}{Forced labor [151]} \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Health} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{Incidence of breast cancer [152]} \\ \cline{1-1}  & \multicolumn{2}{c}{Response for Vector-Borne Diseases [153]} \\ \cline{1-1}  & \multicolumn{2}{c}{Access to health services [52]} \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: Example EO satellite applications with relevance to the SDGs.