## 1 Introduction  
In hot and humid regions of the world, malaria is a huge health burden. It is an acute fever sickness caused by Plasmodium parasites that are transmitted to humans by the bites of infected mosquitoes [1]. Seven mosquito species from the genus Anopheles,which are identical morphologically speaking, act as vectors of the parasite. Six of these are behaviorally and genetically distinct [2]. Of the five malaria-causing plasmodium species (_Plasmodium vivax_, _Plasmodium ovale_, _Plasmodium malariae_, _Plasmodium falciparum_, and _Plasmodium knowlesi_), _P. vivax_ and _P. falciparum_ pose the most health threat with _P. falciparum_ being the most widespread in Africa and _P. vivax_ the most widespread in other parts of the world [3]. In the last several decades, the prevalence and incidence of malaria have grown dramatically. Malaria kills between one and two million people globally each year, with the most affected groups being pregnant women and children under the age of five [4]. According to the most recent data on the impact of disruptions to malaria prevention, diagnosis, and treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic, the worst-case scenario of a doubling of malaria mortality did not occur. However, substantial interruptions in malaria services in the year 2020 resulted in a significant rise in cases and fatalities when compared to 2019 [5]. Although surveillance data in Africa has been limited, convincing evidence of previous _P. falciparum_ infections has been found in some Sub-Saharan African countries, with Nigeria (31.9%), DR Congo (13.2%), Tanzania (4.1%), and Mozambique (3.8%) accounting for more than 50% of all malaria-related deaths worldwide [6]. Given these startling statistics, it is crucial that intervention efforts and strategies be expanded. Malaria is preventable and treatable and is, fortunately, one of the endemic illnesses for which the RTS, S/ AS01 vaccination is recommended, with the vaccine greatly lowering the risk of malaria and lethal severe malaria in children [7]. Furthermore, targeting a parasite's vectors is a common and excellent method of parasitic disease management. The two primary malaria prevention approaches are the use of insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) and indoor residual spraying (IRS). Preventive chemotherapy is the use of medications, either alone or in combination, to prevent infections and their sequelae [8]. Such preventive strategies include chemoprophylaxis, intermittent preventive therapy (IPTi and IPTp) for pregnant women and children, mass medicine administration (MDA), and seasonal malaria chemopreton (SMC) [9]. These cost-effective options complement current efforts, such as early malaria diagnosis, vector control, and treatment of confirmed cases. Consequently, increased access to WHO-recommended prevention strategies, such as effective vector control and chemoprophylaxis, has had a substantial impact on reducing the global incidence of malaria in the last two decades [10]. Today, however, mosquito resistance to pesticides is jeopardizing global efforts to control malaria [11]. Seventy-eight countries have reported resistance of the anopheles species to one or more of the four major classes of pesticides over the period 2010 to 2019, according to World Health Organization [12]. Furthermore, complete mosquito resistance to all major pesticide classes has been reported in 29 different countries [13; 14]. Hence, antimalarial drug resistance in Sub-Saharan Africa over the past decade and emerging reports of drug-resistant strains are a major concern for the World Health Organization [15]. It is therefore critical to develop and define more effective and safer mosquitocidal agents with distinct modes of action. A reasonable approach to developing bio-rational vector control agents or management systems is to target or block the normal operation of mosquito endocrine systems [16]. Tremendous progress has been made in this regard, facilitating the understanding of mosquito behavior and olfactory receptors. According to [PERSON] et al.