# User Experience of 5G Video Services in Indonesia: Predictions Based on a Structural Equation Model
## 1 Introduction  
Since the advent of 4G technology, video streaming has become one of the most popular services available. This service includes popular platforms such as YouTube, Netflix, and even Zoom (the multimedia video conference tool). Video streaming has been accessed by 77% of internet users, and of that percentage, around 55% enjoy video streaming via mobile or mobile services [1]. When we relate this fact to 5G, we understand that 5G should bring an advancement to video streaming and therefore bring a significant impact to the market. The video quality of 5G is believed to be much better. However, apart from quality, there are many other factors believed to determine successful user adoption of such services. This is why measuring user experience (UX) is so important. UX is defined as things that refer to the feelings experienced by users when interacting with products, applications, systems, or services [2]. Interactivity, product feel, and the ability to serve and achieve goals, in this case, in the form of video streaming on 5G technology, are some of the main experiences that define user experiences [3]. The presence of new 5G technology raises the question of what will determine the UX of video streaming services during the era of 5G. This paper tries to answer this question by focusing on the case of Indonesia. The country is essential to this discussion as it is the world's fourth-largest market and is typified by a large and diverse market [4; 5; 6]. Indonesia has around 111.43 million video streaming users among its 202.6 million internet users. To answer the research question, we developed a framework that identifies UX video streaming measurement of 5G based on users' predictive judgements combined with users' measurements of current UX of 4G. Although ISO 9241-210:2010 has provided a standard for measuring the usability of a feature or technology by its users, there is no specific standard for measuring UX yet [7; 8; 9]. In contrast, UX itself looks at the overall interaction of the user with a feature or technology [10]. Therefore, in this study, a UX measurement approach was carried out through a user survey of streaming video features on 4G technology, which was then linked to predictions of feature usage on 5G technology. The survey was conducted on a sample of the Indonesian market. The questionnaire respondents are streaming video users with 4G technology because there is no user experience with 5G technology commercially. This condition is a challenge in this research because it is necessary to create a statistical analysis model that can describe the predictive experience of 5G technology users through the results of a UX survey on 4G technology. Using this framework, we built a structural equation model (SEM), to link both UX valuations of 4G and predictions of 5G. We defined 10 factors that define the UX of video streaming, ranging from the attractiveness of the service to economic-related issues. The SEM that allows the simultaneous testing shows the level of relationship or correlation values of the 10 factors. This structural model is an approach to provide a numerical value and not only shows the correlation value between technologies but also shows the influence of the factors that make up UX on each technology. Why is it significant to assess the UX of 5G video streaming? We highlighted in [11] that UX, together with quality of service (QoS), is an important factor for forming a complete quality of experience (QoE) analysis. Understanding the UX of a technology means understanding users' perceptions, which builds an understanding of how users' value their experience regarding the technology being adopted. To win the competitive market in the 5G era, any service operators should ensure the fulfilment of QoE as this metric likely reflects users' satisfaction when accessing a technology. The contribution of our research is that it can be used as a reference for any service operator who launches video streaming services during the 5G era.