# The Effect of Exposure to an Electromagnetic Field on Entomopathogenic Fungi
## 3 Results

Table 4: The inhibition/stimulation effect of exposure to 900 and 1800 MHz EMFs on the colony growth (seven days after the termination of exposure to the EMF) of the entomopathogenic fungi _B. bassiana_, _C. fumosorosea_, and _M. anisopliae_. Figure 3: The effect of exposure to 900 and 1800 MHz EMFs on the colony growth (after seven days, reverse side) of the entomopathogenic fungi _M. anisopliae._ (**(a)—**control; **(b)—**900 MHz; **(c)—**1800 MHz; bar = 1 cm). \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Treatment**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Fungi Species**} \\ \cline{2-4}  & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Inhibition/Stimulation Coefficient [\%] \(\pm\) SD**} \\ \cline{2-4}  & _B. bassiana_ & _C. fumosorosea_ & _M. anisopliae_ \\ \hline
900 MHz & \(-42.0\) a \(\pm\) 9.53 & \(-40.0\) a \(\pm\) 0.87 & \(-33.7\) a \(\pm\) 11.13 \\ \hline
1800 MHz & \(13.1\) b \(\pm\) 3.34 & 3.7 b \(\pm\) 2.14 & 3.5 b \(\pm\) 3.28 \\ \hline \end{tabular} Values within particular columns marked with the same letter do not differ significantly (\(p\leq 0.05\)). SD—standard deviation.  
\end{table} 
Table 2: The inhibition/stimulation effect of exposure to 900 and 1800 MHz EMFs on the colony growth (after seven days) of the entomopathogenic fungi _B. bassiana_, _C. fumosorosea_, and _M. anisopliae_. The sporulation of the entomopathogenic fungi _B. bassiana_ was significantly inhibited by the 1800 MHz electromagnetic field (Table 5). The highest sporulation of _B. bassiana_ was observed when the 900 MHz electromagnetic field was used. The sporulation of _M. anisopliae_ was affected by the EMF used in the experiment. The sporulation of _M. anisopliae_ was highest when the 900 MHz electromagnetic field was used. Generally, the 900 MHz frequency significantly stimulated the sporulation of _C. fumosorosea_ and _M. anisopliae_ (Table 6). The percentage of germinating spores in the control depended on the tested fungus species, ranging from 95% for _M. anisopliae_ to about 99% for _B. bassiana_ and _C. fumosorosea_ \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline  & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Fungi Species**} \\
**Treatment** & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Inhibition/Stimulation Coefficient [\%] \(\pm\) SD**} \\ \cline{2-4}  & _B. bassiana_ & _C. fumosorosea_ & _M. anisopliae_ \\ \hline
900 MHz & \(-6.0\) a \(\pm\) 1.49 & \(-14.0\) a \(\pm\) 1.93 & \(-15.8\) a \(\pm\) 2.97 \\ \hline
1800 MHz & \(22.0\) b \(\pm\) 3.42 & \(8.9\) b \(\pm\) 2.05 & \(-0.5\) b \(\pm\) 1.52 \\ \hline \end{tabular} Values within particular columns marked with the same letter do not differ significantly (\(p\leq 0.05\)). SD—standard deviation.  
\end{table} 
Table 6: The inhibition/stimulation effect of exposure to 900 and 1800 MHz EMFs on the sporulation of the entomopathogenic fungi _B. bassiana_, _C. fumosorosea_, and _M. anisopliae_. Figure 4: The effect of exposure to 900 and 1800 MHz EMFs on the colony growth rate (T—linear growth coefficient) of the entomopathogenic fungi _B. bassiana_, _C. fumosorosea_, and _M. anisopliae_. a, b, c—bars indicated with the same letter do not differ significantly (\(p\leq 0.05\)). I—standard deviation. (Table 7). The EMF was observed to have an inhibitory effect in the case of _B. bassiana_ for both the lower and the higher EMF frequencies (Table 8). _B. bassiana_ spores treated with 900 and 1800 MHz germinated in only 85.5 and 86.5% of cases, respectively. The exposure of _C. fumosorsea_ to 900 MHz did not cause any significant change in the percentage of germinating spores. However the exposure to the 1800 MHz EMF resulted in a slight reduction in the germination of _C. fumosorsea_ spores. The 900 MHz EMF affected the germination of _M. anisopliae_ spores. Spore germination was lower than in the control group (91.8%). Generally, both the 900 MHz and the 1800 MHz frequencies reduced the percentage of spore germination. The effect of the electromagnetic field on the growth of the germ tube emerging from the spore was also examined (Table 9). In the control, the average length of the germinating _B.