## 3 Results
### Effectiveness of Brine Stabilizers on Resuspension Suppression from the Yamin Soil  
Yamin soil was subjected to treatments and resuspension testing similar to those performed on the Ze'elim soil. Soils were treated with different stabilizers, left to dry for two weeks, and then tested for particle emission in the wind tunnel. PM\({}_{10}\) concentrations \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Wind Velocity/ Treatment** & **5.3 m/s** & **6.8 m/s** & **8.1 m/s** & **9.6 m/s** \\ \hline Tap Water & 92\% & 56\% & 66\% & 81\% \\ CaCl\({}_{2}\) & 97\% & 99\% & 99\% & 100\% \\ MgCl\({}_{2}\) & 97\% & 99\% & 100\% & 100\% \\ Dead Sea salt & 100\% & 100\% & 100\% & 100\% \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 6: Suppression efficiencies of wind-driven PM\({}_{10}\) emission from the Ze’elim soil treated with stabilizers. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Wind Velocity/ Treatment** & **5.3 m/s** & **6.8 m/s** & **8.1 m/s** & **9.6 m/s** \\ \hline Tap Water & 0\% & 0\% & 4\% & 0\% \\ CaCl\({}_{2}\) & 100\% & 100\% & 100\% & 100\% \\ MgCl\({}_{2}\) & 100\% & 100\% & 100\% & 100\% \\ Dead Sea salt & 100\% & 100\% & 100\% & 100\% \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 7: Suppression efficiencies of wind-driven saltating particle emission from the Ze’elim soil treated with stabilizers. Figure 6: Wind-driven PM\({}_{10}\) emissions from the Ze’elim soil six weeks following treatment with stabilizers. recorded during the experiment, representing wind-induced dust emission from the Yamin soil following different treatments, are presented in Figure 7.  
As shown for the Ze'elim soil, higher wind velocities resulted in higher PM\({}_{10}\) resuspension levels from the untreated Yamin soil (control). In contrast, significantly lower (by at least an order of magnitude) resuspension levels were observed from this soil when compared with the Ze'elim soil, as demonstrated by lower PM\({}_{10}\) concentrations recorded under identical conditions (Figures 4 and 7, control). As shown in Figure 7, extremely low resuspension levels were detected in brine treated soils, demonstrating that the soils were effectively stabilized following the treatments. The Dead Sea salt treatment was the most effective dust suppressor for the Yamin soil, similar to the results obtained for the Ze'elim soil. Figure 8 show the mean PM\({}_{10}\) fluxes and the mean saltation fluxes from the Yamin soil under different treatments, tested under four wind velocities. As shown for the Ze'elim soil, the resuspension fluxes of saltating particles from the Yamin soil were significantly lower (by at least an order of magnitude) than dust particles, supporting that PM\({}_{10}\) are the major resuspension contributors under untreated conditions. Tables 8 and 9 present the calculated suppression efficiencies of PM\({}_{10}\) and saltating particle resuspension from the Yamin soils. Suppression efficiencies could not be calculated under the lowest wind velocity because PM\({}_{10}\) measurements were low (around background levels), and no saltating particles could be collected and measured (noted NA). Treating the soil with brine solutions resulted in effective stabilization, as shown by significantly reduced fluxes compared to the control, along with resuspension suppression efficiencies (>94%). The most effective suppression effects on overall resuspension were achieved by the MgCl\({}_{2}\) and Dead Sea salt treatments, yielding 100% suppression efficiency over all wind velocities tested. Figure 7: Wind-driven PM\({}_{10}\) emissions from the Yamin soil two weeks following treatment with stabilizers. Note the differences in the values of the Y-axis between Control and Water to the brines. Analogous to the Ze'elim soil, the durability of the stabilization technique was evaluated on the Yamin soil by retesting resuspension from the treated trays following four additional weeks. Figure 9 present the PM\({}_{10}\) concentrations recorded during the wind tunnel experiment from the Yamin soil.