esa-sceva/satcom-chunk-collection huggingface dataset:
## 1 Introduction
In a typical refraction survey, the receiver interval is ranging between 2 to 5 m, however, in a typical reflection survey, the receiver interval is ranging between 25 and 50 m, which produces a low-resolution first arrival traveltime tomograms. * There are other techniques used to find the near-surface velocity model such as simple elevation correction, sand thickness curve method, Ground Penetrating Radar (which will give the shape and the thickness of the near-surface layers but not the seismic wave velocities), Surface Wave Dispersion (which will give the shear-wave velocity model), etc. [7; 30]. A solution to the two problems mentioned above (low-resolution results and time-consuming surveys) could be the use of a land-streamer [31; 32], which is known since the 1970s. Land-streamers have been used for many applications such as fault detection [33; 34], shear-wave shallow application [35; 36; 37], archaeology [38], and cavity and tunnel studies [39; 40]. The main advantage of a land streamer is that it saves acquisition time. The data quality of the land-streamer is very comparable to the traditional acquisition technique [41]. However, land-streamers suffer from two limitations; the first is land-streamers are usually less than 150 m in length with 48 to 120 receivers. The second limitation is the lack of good contact between the receiver and the ground. In conventional seismic acquisition, the receivers have spikes that are buried in the ground to increase the receiver-ground coupling, contrary to conventional setup, the spikes in land-streamer setup are removed from the receivers. Long land-streamers suffer from a low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) due to the bad receiver-ground coupling and will cause logistic problems due to transportation and dragging over rough ground. In this study, we show a comparison between the conventional and land-streamer seismic data. Here, we present the trace comparison in time-offset (\(T-x\)), frequency-offset(\(F-x\)), and frequency-wavenumber (\(F-\kappa\)) domains. We also compare the first arrival travel-time picks of both land-streamer and conventional data sets. Then, we generated a synthetic data set to compare the accuracy of both techniques to map near-surface local anomalies. The target of this work is to show the advantages and disadvantages of a land-streamer compared to conventional seismic data; hence, the land-streamer data can replace the conventional data to obtain high-resolution near-surface velocity models that can be used in static corrections as well as other near-surface applications such as engineering.
## 3 Experimental Results
### Datasets  
In this work, the proposed solutions are evaluated using four popular datasets for video summarization, namely, TVSum [41], SumMe [42], OVP [43], and VSUMM [43]. The TVSum dataset contains 50 videos of various genres such as news, documentaries, and vlogs at 30 fps. The SumMe dataset contains 25 videos at 30 fps. The OVP (Open Video Project) dataset has 50 videos of several genres from the Open Video Project, presented at 30 and with a duration of 1-4 min. The VSUMM dataset contains 50 videos from YouTube, also from several genres, provided at 30 fps with a duration of 1-10 min.  
In these datasets, video summaries are generated manually by a number of users and stored in a matrix referred to as \"user summaries\" which is used as the ground truth. Some existing research papers clearly state that they compare their automatically generated summaries against each of the user summaries and report the average F-score, while other research papers loosely mention that their automatically generated summaries are compared against the ground truth without further details.  
Since this work was concerned with static video summarization or key frame extraction, we trained and tested the datasets on the disjunction (inclusive OR) of all user summaries. In our published datasets, we refer to these vectors as \"user_summary_inclusive_OR\", which we added to the files of the datasets and made publicly available.  
To the best of our knowledge, the use of all four datasets in one research paper rarely occurs in the reporting of experimental results in the literature. From our observations and experimental results, it is rarely the case that a reported video summarization solution works well on all four datasets. Therefore, most papers opt to use a subset of these four datasets.
# T-Move: A Light-Weight Protocol for Improved QoS in Content-Centric Networks with Producer Mobility
## 2 Caching and Mobility Support in the CCN Architecture  
In this section, we discuss the basic caching scheme used in information-centric networks. We illustrate this using a popular ICN architecture, CCN [2] by PARC. The basic network elements in an ICN are:* Producers--network nodes which are producers of data.
* Consumers--network nodes which request for data objects. Typically, producers and consumers are end user devices.
* Edge routers--routers that are directly connected to the end devices. These routers connect the producers and consumers to the core network.
* Network routers--routers that form part of the core network.  
Routers (both edge and network) in CCN/NDN maintain three important data structures--the CS, the Pending Interest Table (PIT) and the FIB. Consumers of content express their interest for a data object in the form of an _interest packet_. A router which receives the interest packet tries to retrieve the content object from its CS. In case the data object is not present in its CS (i.e., a cache miss occurs) and the object is not already listed in the PIT, the router adds the interface of the incoming interest packet to its PIT and the interest packet is sent out on an appropriate out-going face according to the FIB. If the data object is present in the CS, the router sends it to the consumer and does not forward the interest packet. As the data object travels to the consumer, intermediate routers delete the corresponding entry in the PIT and store the data object in their caches using First-In, First-Out (FIFO) replacement policy. For a detailed description of CCN, please refer to [2].  
To support mobility, CCN uses announcements by the sources of data (producers) [2]. Producers perform a Register operation which announces the prefixes they service to the CCN core. Upon receiving the announcement, all CCN routers create local FIB entries for the registered prefixes of the announcer and the face of the announcer. The registered prefixes use flags to indicate if they should be announced further. The advertisements might be via CCN, via standard IP Service Location protocols, or via CCN or IP routing [2].
# Resource Allocation in Uplink NOMA-IoT Based UAV for URLLC Applications
## 5 Proposed Algorithm
### Time Domain Packet Scheduling (TDPS)  
The main function of TDPS is to select a certain number of IoT devices to be scheduled in the next TTI; this process should guarantee that there are no devices exceed their  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c} \hline \hline
**Environment** & \(\theta_{optimum}\) \\ \hline Suburban & 20.34\({}^{\circ}\) \\ Urban & 42.44\({}^{\circ}\) \\ Dense urban & 54.62\({}^{\circ}\) \\ High-rise urban & 75.52\({}^{\circ}\) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 1: Values of optimal elevation angle of each environment.  
Figure 4: Illustration of the proposed scheduler.  
Figure 3: General NOMA resource allocation.  
maximum delay limits by minimizing the average delay. Hence, the optimization problem for time domain scheduling can be formulated using (15) as  
\[\min\ d_{av,i}=\frac{S_{i}}{R_{av,i}-S_{i}\lambda_{i}}, \tag{26}\]  
The device selection criteria in TDPS is based on a weighted delay metric which is essentially needed to prioritize the devices requests. The metric function is based on delay [31] to satisfy the delay constraint C6. The UAV uses the information in the BSR to compute the metric function for each requesting device. This metric aims to order the IoT devices requests to control the TDPS decision. The metric considers average delay and buffer status reports [32] as follows:  
\[M_{i}=\alpha_{j}\ w_{i,j}d_{av,i} \tag{27}\]  
where \(\alpha_{j}\) states the priority of each traffic group, where the TDPS categorizes stations according to their delay limits into \(j\) groups, and \(w_{i,j}\) is the traffic weight of user \(i\) in traffic class \(j\), this weight can be calculated as  
\[w_{i,j}=\frac{q_{i,j}}{bl}, \tag{28}\]  
where \(q_{i,j}\) is the queue size of user \(i\) in traffic group \(j\), and \(bl\) is the buffer length to avoid buffer overflow of the IoT device.  
After grouping and calculating metric for the IoT devices that send scheduling requests. The TDPS selects maximum \(N_{max}\) = \(KL\) devices to be scheduled in the next TTI, since there are \(L\) devices can be scheduled over the same resource block according to constraint C5 (22). Consider \(N\_sel\) to be the number of chosen IoT devices to be scheduled. The rejected users send scheduling requests in the next TTI.
# Recent Progress in Hybrid Additive Manufacturing of Metallic Materials
## 2 Hybrid Techniques Based on the Use of Other Manufacturing Techniques with AM
### Slm + Waam  
[PERSON] et al. [41] explored the feasibility of fusing the SLM and WAAM processes using the Ti-6 Al-4V alloy. The SLM process has the advantages of generating fine surfaces and high-density components with good mechanical properties and geometrical flexibility. However, the process has high production costs associated with low building rates and small-scale production [42; 43]. On the other hand, WAAM has a high deposition rate and production volume, but it has limited geometrical accuracy and poor surface quality. The synergy of these two processes was implemented to take advantage of each process's capability, simultaneously limiting their constraints. The SLM-produced component was set as the substrate and was partitioned into two sections, namely the complicated and simple sections. The complicated section's fabrication was SLM processed, and the rest of the simple section was completed using WAAM. To prevent potential defect formation and maintain a high bonding strength at the interface, the SLM process was employed as the substrate-processing technique. This choice aimed to mitigate the risks associated with defect formation and ensure robust bonding at the interface. From Figure 5, the joining of the AM processes has three zones, the SLM zone, interface zone, and WAAM zones, with an interface of about 3 mm. Each zone appears to have a distinct microstructure. The SLM zone primarily produced short \(\beta\) columnar grains consisting mainly of a martensitic structure. Subsequently, a complex interface with coarse grains caused by repeated heating, facilitating grain growth. The martensite formation is most likely due to high cooling rates from above the \(\beta\)-transit temperature of Ti-alloys. Furthermore, the progression into the WAAM zone revealed an \(\alpha\) lamella with evident epitaxial growth. It was found that the WAAM build sections had inferior mechanical properties (yield strength: 1020 MPa, tensile strength: 1098 MPa, and elongation: 10.2%) compared to the SLM section (yield strength: 814 MPa, tensile strength: 927 MPa, and elongation: 10.5%). To confirm the effects of these varied mechanical properties, further testing was conducted on the hybrid parts parallel to the building direction, and failure was observed in the WAAM section with a yield strength of 890 MPa and a tensile strength of 905 MPa. Sections perpendicular to the build direction were evaluated to expand the applicability of this approach; however, it had low mechanical properties (yield strength: 850 MPa, tensile strength: 995 MPa). It was evident that the strength of the hybrid was higher compared to the WAAM component, despite being lower than the SLM component. Thus, the advantages of the combined processes can be realized. In this work, a sound metallurgical bond was achieved with no identifiable defects; however, no heat treatment of the produced hybrid material was performed, which could have optimized the mechanical properties of the alloy [41].
## 3 Results
### Different Responses of Vegetation to CHD Events of Varying Intensities
Correspondingly, the proportion of grid points showing significant negative anomalies in GPP and EVI in 2022 exceeded 50%, which was more than twice the proportions in 2003 and 2013. For different vegetation types, evergreen trees and shrubs, showing the strongest GPP reductions in 2022, are also characterized by higher grid point proportions with significant GPP decrease, reaching 89.37% and 72.98%, respectively, according to GPPFluxSat data. In comparison, deciduous forests and mixed forests, which had weaker GPP responses, showed lower proportions of significant grid points at 44.97% and 34.97%, according to GPPGOSIF data. However, in 2003 and 2013, the differences in the proportions of significant GPP changes among different vegetation types were also relatively small. In summary, these results indicate that different intensities of extreme CHD events have different impacts on vegetation photosynthesis, and different vegetation types exhibit distinct response intensities and patterns to extreme climate events. This variation is crucial for understanding and predicting the adaptive capacity of different ecosystems to future climate changes.
## 1 Introduction
ITS based on vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication is subjected to several types of disruption such as interference from the side-roadway [18], vehicle-to-infrastructure communication systems such as LiFi transmission from a lamp post along the road [19], and natural light sources, which limit the accuracy of the channel estimation [20]. Multiple-Input-Single-Output (MISO) has been used in several IEEE RF standards to increase the reliability and data rates in a multipath-affected environment [21; 22; 23]. The use of several transmitting units makes it possible to make use of the spatial diversity and to receive multiple copies of the same signal at the receiver, each experiencing a distinct and de-correlated channel response [24]. The major difference between a Single-Input-Single-Output (SISO)-based transmission and MISO is the number of transmitting units. Using approximation theory, a MISO system can be divided in to several SISO linear systems [25]. Studies have shown that despite the difference in multiple numbers of transmitting LEDs in MISO as compared to SISO [23], the complexity of MISO transmission can be significantly reduced by using maximum ratio combiner receiver [26; 27]. The use of MISO in VLC can address the challenges associated with the ITS such as different weather conditions (fog, rain, smoke, etc. ), light intensity variations due to the moving objects and imperfect alignment of the transceivers. The need is the systematic characterization of the MISO in VLC for different parameters, based on the commercially available vehicle LEDs. This paper presents a VLC-based MISO transmission model for ITS applications, which will provide significant guidelines for the practical implementation of such systems regarding future technologies. By using the head and back lights of the vehicles, as well as street lights and traffic signals as an interferer signal, the potential of MISO in VLC is demonstrated by using an array of four LED units to improve the reliability and performance. The main research question is to find a solution to the performance degradation of a VLC-based ITS due to the reflections and strong interference signal. Such performance-limiting factors have shown previously to limit the data rate, transmission distance and receiver sensitivity. This work focuses on the proposal of a solution based on analytical modeling and simulation analysis using real-time parametric values.
# Performance Analysis of Existing ITS Technologies: Evaluation and Coexistence
## 5 Adaptative Configuration

Table 5: Optimal coding rate for PRR \(\geq\) 90%. the reconfiguration request to the concerned RSUs and the cellular network using the Datex II coding, translating it into a C-ITS message. This study aims to show interest in defining a suitable configuration. The adaptive configuration request can be managed by the road operator and adapted to a specific context according to road area profiles. This allows a more useful adaptation of the ideal configurations. Furthermore, the profiles can be considered beside the adaptive design. It can also provide information about better distribution (density sharing) between ITS technologies. For example, it is possible to address ITS-G5 in high density for a given message type and LTE-V2X for more coverage with other message types (CAM, DENM).
# A SiCN Thin Film Thermistor Based on DVB Modified Polymer-Derived Ceramics
## 4 Conclusions  
In this study, a DVB-modified PDC thin-film resistive grid with a line width of about 550 \(\upmu\)m and a thickness of less than 7 \(\upmu\)m was fabricated for by a DIW process. Compared with PDC-SiCN, the introduction of more carbon sources by adding DVB not only significantly improves the electrical conductivity of SiCN, but also increases the critical thickness of SiCN film several times. This provides another method for the thinning, patterning and high conductivity of PDC devices. A thin thermistor integrated with the Al\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{3}\) substrate was successfully fabricated using DVB-modified PDC-SiCN as the sensing element, which demonstrated the feasibility of the proposed method. The conductive behavior and microstructure of DVB-modified PDC-SiCN ceramics were studied in detail. The temperature resistance behavior of the DVB-modified SiCN resistive grid in the mid-low temperature range from room temperature to 400 \({}^{\circ}\)C was measured. The SiCN ceramics modified with low DVB content not only effectively improved the electrical conductivity but also had better oxidation resistance.  
Conceptualization, D.S. and Z.H.; methodology, C.W.; software, X.P.; validation, X.P., F.L. and G.C.; formal analysis, G.C.; investigation, F.L.; resources, L.X.; data curation, X.P.; writing--original draft preparation, C.W.; writing--review and editing, Z.H.; visualization, Y.Z.; supervision, Y.H.; project administration, Y.Z.; funding acquisition, D.S. and Z.H. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
This research was funded by Shenyang Engine Design and Research Institute, grant number JC3602007026 and National Natural Science Foundation of China, grant number 62101469.  
The data used to support the findings of this study are included within the article.  
We thank Tan Kah Kee Innovation Laboratory for providing access to characterisation instruments.  
There are no conflict to declare.
## 3 Seismic Performance of RCS Composite Joints Under Floor Effect
From the above research, we can draw the following conclusions:  
* The floor effect changes the node damage form and enhances the connection strength, with the maximum stress concentrated in the connecting bolt and the plastic hinge occurring at the end of the beam, which conforms to the design code of \"strong column weak beam\". The strength of the connecting bolt should be strengthened. * Compared with RCSJ3, FJD-0 significantly improves the bearing capacity and stiffness, and improves the seismic performance. * The positive and negative direction yield loads of node FJD-0 increased by 78.9% and 70.0%, respectively, while the ultimate bearing capacity improved by 13.2% and 9.98%. The energy dissipation capability increased by 23%, and the stiffness of all loading loops was enhanced, leading to a significant improvement in overall stiffness and  
Figure 14: (**a**) Comparison of node skeleton curves; (**b**) Comparison of stiffness degradation of seven nodes; (**c**) Comparison of strength degradation of eight nodes. \[N_{v}^{c}=0.43A_{s}\sqrt{E_{c}f_{c}}\leq 0.7A_{s}f_{u} \tag{13}\]0 Comparison of hysteresis curves. (**a**) Hysteresis curve of node RCSJ3; (**b**) Hysteresis curve of node FJD-0. a slower rate of strength degradation, as well as enhanced strength retention. The participation of the floor slab slightly reduced ductility, but to a minor extent, still meeting seismic design requirements. In seismic design, attention should be paid to the interaction effects of the floor slab to optimize the node structure and enhance the overall seismic performance [31].
# A Review of Fabrication Technologies for Carbon Electrode-Based Micro-Supercapacitors
## 3 Micro-Supercapacitor Carbon Electrodes
### Carbon Nanotubes  
Carbon nanotubes have a high surface area, unique internal structure, low density, excellent electrical conductivity, mechanical properties, and thermal and chemical stability. They are synthesized through decomposition of certain hydrocarbons and manipulation to achieve nanostructures such as single-walled carbon nanotubes. The aspect ratio of carbon nanotube electrodes influences the operational speed of micro-supercapacitors, with an aspect ratio increase from 0.2 to 7, resulting in a nonlinear decrease in the relaxation time constant from 85 to about 0.5 ms [77].  
Single-walled carbon nanotube thin films have been produced by vacuum filtration with subsequent stamping, with electrodeposition of cobalt hydroxide nanoflakes, which have excellent structural stability. The specific capacitance of these thin film supercapacitor electrodes was 314 F/g [78]. Nickel hydroxide thin film electrodes were doped with carbon nanotubes and graphene oxide to improve the electrochemical properties. The doped electrode had a capacity of 430 mAh/g at a current density of 5 A/g, and this was still at 75% after 1000 cycles [79]. Composites of carbon nanotubes with MXene were fabricated via photolithography, followed by vacuum filtration, for on-chip micro-supercapacitors. These layer-by-layer assemblies provided flexible layered channels and controllable electronic structures for electrolyte ion diffusion, and the areal capacitance was 61 mF/cm\({}^{2}\) at a current density of 0.5 mA/cm\({}^{2}\)[80]. Fully stretchable micro-supercapacitors that were produced with oxidized single-walled carbon nanotubes and polyvinyl alcohol electrodes had a double layer capacitance of 20 mF/cm\({}^{2}\) at 0.1 mA/cm\({}^{2}\)[81]. High energy density ultrathin highly aligned carbon nanotubes sheet supercapacitors were fabricated with interdigitated electrode planar configuration (Figure 4). Such devices with 50 layers, only 300 nm thick in total, had an energy density of 10.5 mWh/cm\({}^{3}\) and a power density of 19 W/cm\({}^{3}\)[82].
###### Abstract  
Early warning for rock blasting is crucial for ensuring the safety of deep underground engineering. Existing methods primarily focus on classifying rock blasting levels, which makes it difficult to provide timely warnings. This paper proposes a novel early warning framework for rock blasting based on time series prediction of acoustic emission (AE) parameters. Based on uniaxial rock tests, ten AE parameters (rise time, ring count, energy, duration, amplitude, average frequency, RMS voltage, average signal level, peak frequency, and initial frequency) are identified as potential indicators for rock blasting early warning. These ten parameters collectively affect the accuracy of AE monitoring. Factor analysis is employed to process the normalized AE data, simplifying the data structure and identifying common variables. Additionally, it is found that the BP neural network optimized by Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is more suitable for predicting the future evolution of these AE parameters. This makes it possible to establish a comprehensive multi-indicator early warning system. The proposed framework provides a new perspective for rock blasting early warning systems.  
Keywords:time series prediction; acoustic emission parameters; factor analysis; BP neural network; rockburst early warning +
Footnote †: journal: Applied Sciences