# Emergency Evacuation Simulation Study Based on Improved YOLOv5s and Anylogic
## 1 Introduction  
With the development of society and the increase in population, there are increasingly more natural or man-made emergencies, such as fires, earthquakes, stampedes, and so on. These emergencies often occur in metro stations, large shopping malls, and other densely populated areas. If the emergency evacuation is not handled correctly, it can result in a large number of casualties and property damage, so how to do a good job of emergency evacuation in emergency situations has become an important part of research in safety science. Researchers have already started to study the evacuation behavior of people in the early 1900s. Initially, the study of evacuation behavior was mainly conducted through surveys, experiments, and observations. [PERSON] and [PERSON] found a relationship between speed, density, and flow of unidirectional pedestrian flow by investigating pedestrian flow in London underground passages and elaborating a preliminary pedestrian theory [1]. [PERSON] [2] and [PERSON] obtained data on the behavioral responses of people escaping from fires through a survey of people escaping from fires. [PERSON] observed the activities of people at events by means of field observations and summarized the relevant patterns [3]. [PERSON] [4] obtained a conversion factor interval for the number of evacuees in the business part of a large shopping mall building by measuring and statistically analyzing the actualflow of people in the small. [PERSON] et al. conducted a questionnaire survey on safety awareness and evacuation in an earthquake disaster situation at a university in Nanjing and found that males were more familiar with evacuation sites than females, but the proportion of males waiting in line to pass through evacuation routes was smaller than that of females [5]. [PERSON] et al. investigated the evacuation behavior of people in the underground by means of a questionnaire and found that whether people in the underground chose to evacuate or not was related to education and age, but not much to gender [6]. After the 1980s, based on the rapid development of computers, people began to build computer models to describe the behavior of people on computers and carry out regularized research [7]. [PERSON] et al. [8] proposed a spatial grid-based evacuation model, SGEM, and used the model to simulate the evacuation of people. They concluded that the network grid composite model could not only simulate the evacuation of large and complex buildings but also visualize the detailed evacuation process. [PERSON] et al. [9] proposed a lattice gas model for evacuating people, taking into account the characteristics of the population distribution. The model not only predicts the interval value of the number of evacuees, but also derives the time required to evacuate a certain number of people, thus obtaining a quantitative relationship between the number of evacuees and evacuation time. Secondly, the model can also analyze the quantitative impact of the spatial distribution of people on the evacuation outcome and its uncertainty. [PERSON] et al. [10] established an emergency evacuation index system through a BP neural network, conducted a simulation evaluation with the underground stations around Beijing's North Third Ring Road as the main research object, and proposed an improvement scheme. [PERSON] et al. [11] proposed an improved particle swarm optimization algorithm model based on ranking selection through an improved particle swarm algorithm, which can effectively evacuate vehicles in public places in an efficient and safe manner in emergency situations. [PERSON] et al. [12] shortened the transit time of emergency vehicles through the bat algorithm, effectively improving the efficiency of emergency rescue, while the algorithm has good search capability and operation speed. Based on the social forces model, [PERSON] et al. [13] used simulation to study the pedestrian emergency evacuation problem and experimentally demonstrated four factors that affect the evacuation process.