## 3 Results and Discussion
### Anti-Rhizoctonia solani Activity of Resorcinolic Lipids
Interestingly, the influence of these phenolic compounds, in most cases, did not differ significantly from one another and remained stable (43.05% on average) in the whole analyzed period (32 h). The negative effects of the rest of the compounds ranged from 24.15% for C15:0 to 4.72% for C17:0-C19:0. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c} \hline \hline
**Concentrations of ARs** & **Inhibition of Radial Growth** \\ [\(\mu\)g mL\({}^{-1}\)] & [\%] 1  \\ \hline
75 & 8.93 \(\pm\) 1.34 a \\
100 & 17.96 \(\pm\) 5.17 b \\
125 & 29.24 \(\pm\) 5.19 c \\
150 & 36.82 \(\pm\) 6.80 d \\
175 & 43.65 \(\pm\) 3.88 e \\
200 & 52.96 \(\pm\) 4.21 f \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: The effect of wheat resercinolic lipids on the radial growth of _Rhizoctonia solani_ F93 mycelium. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**AR Content** & **C21:0 Supplement** & **Inhibition of Radial Growth** \\
**[\(\mu\)g mL\({}^{-1}\)]** & [\(\mu\)g mL\({}^{-1}\)]** & [\%] 1  \\ \hline
200 & - & 19.41 \(\pm\) 5.45 a \\
120 & 6.5 & 25.78 \(\pm\) 3.06 b \\
200 & 6.5 & 36.97 \(\pm\) 5.45 c \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 5: The effect of rye 5-\(n\)-alk(en)ylresercinol supplementation with synthetic C21:0 homologue on the reduction of mycelian growth of _Rhizoctonia solani_ F93. Interestingly, the aggravation of the negative impact of the mixture of 5-\(n\)-alk(en)ylo-resorcinols, extracted from durum wheat caryopses, on _Fusarium graminearum_ ([PERSON]) by its enrichment with the C21:0 homologue was described previously by [PERSON] et al. [27].However, this homologue naturally predominated in this mixture, originally representing approximately 35% of its total. In our case, this compound was added to the rye AR pool in which the natural level of this homologue was low (data not shown). Despite this fact, the increased inhibition of _R. solani_ was observed. The change in the original ratio C21:0/C23:0 likely contributed. According to [PERSON] et al. [27], the rise in this ratio increases the antifungal activity of ARs. Thus, our results showed the essential role of the C21:0 compound, the predominant homologue in wheat caryopses, in controlling the growth of _R. solani_. Moreover, in light of these results, the lack of resistance of pyrazone-treated rye seedlings to infection by _R. solani_[23] can be explained by the decrease in the content of this homologue, which does not predominate in this cereal [3,23]. Resorcinolic lipids, as amphiphilic compounds, can incorporate into the cell membrane and increase its permeability. [PERSON] et al. [36] showed that the C23:0 homologue induced higher leakage from liposomes than the C15:0 compound. In turn, [PERSON] et al. [37] reported that C21:0 was the most effective erythrocyte solubilizer of all tested saturated homologues. Thus, our findings are also in agreement with the results quoted above. It is common knowledge that grains of barley are poor in these phenolic lipids in comparison to other cereals [14]. Our results also confirmed this observation. Rye and wheat caryopses contain over eleven- and seven-fold higher levels of 5-\(n\)-alk(en)ylresorcinols than barley kernels, respectively (Table 3). In addition, rapid immersion in chloroform turned out to be most effective in the disposal of 5-\(n\)-alk(en)ylresorcinol for barley grains; this solvent removed 6.51% of the AR fraction of barley grains (Table 3), whereas wheat and rye lost only 1.20 and 1.57% of these antifungal compounds, respectively. Thus, out of two types of cereals, only kernels of rye retained a high level of these phenolic compounds and consequently prevented _F. culmorum_ from enhancing its negative effects on cereal seedlings. In addition, our results follow the previous evidence of the localization of resorcinolic lipids mainly in the deeper-than-cuticle pericarp layers of caryopsis bran (fruit and grain coats) [7,8].