# Exploring the Potential of Microextraction in the Survey of Food Fruits and Vegetable Safety
## 3 Concluding Remarks  
The increasing demand for food and the use of different substances to increase the productivity and shelf life of fresh fruits and vegetables create enormous pressure on the  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l l l l} \hline \hline
**Extraction Method** & **Description/Analytical Technique** & **Contaminants/LODs** & **Matrix** & **Ref.** \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{DLLME} & A 4 mL sample, 0.50 NaCl, 0.50 mL acetone & \multirow{4}{*}{A total of 7 preservatives and 4 4 parabens/0.15-0.50 mg kg\({}^{-1}\)} & Fruit juices & [133] \\  & (extension solvent); cloudy solution & 4 parabens/0.15-0.50 mg kg\({}^{-1}\) & \\  & formation; centrifugation (6 min at 1789 g)/GC-MS (1 \(\mu\)L) & & & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{DLLME} & A 5 mL sample, 0.85 g NaCl, 625 \(\mu\)L acetone & \multirow{4}{*}{Benzo acid, sorbic acid, butylated  hydroxyanisole, butylated  hydroxytoluene/0.03 mg mL\({}^{-1}\)} & Fruit juices & [134] \\  & (dispenser), 350 mL chloroform (extraction & \multirow{4}{*}{Benzo acid, sorbic acid, butylated  hydroxyanisole, butylated  hydroxytoluene/0.03 mg mL\({}^{-1}\)} & Fruit juices & [134] \\  & centrifugation (10 min, 4500 rpm)/HPLC-DAD (20 \(\mu\)L) & & & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{QuECERS-MSPE} & QuEChERS extraction; MSPE by magnetic & A total of 16 preservatives/ 0.21–11.50 mg kg\({}^{-1}\) & Cabbage & [135] \\  & graphene nanoparticles/GC-MS & 0.21–11.50 mg kg\({}^{-1}\) & & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{QuEChERS-SPE} & A 1.5 g sample, 10 mL distilled H\({}_{2}\)O, 150 \(\mu\)L & \multirow{4}{*}{Sodium benzoate, potassium \(\  
food chain, causing concerns among consumers and public authorities. Conventional extraction techniques such as SLE, UAE, and QuEChERS are often used in combination with HPLC or GC coupled with MS in the analysis of fruits and vegetable safety. However, the use of microextraction techniques has shown promising results to survey the presence of pesticides, antibiotics, hormones, and preservatives. Most of these microextraction approaches are green extraction techniques, which are more environmentally friendly due to simpler and faster protocols, reduce amounts of solvents and samples, and consequently, reduce waste produced during analysis while conserving a high potential for automation. This will drive a progressive substitution of the conventional extraction approaches by microextraction processes in the analytical layout used in the assessment of food safety.  
J.A.M.P. and J.S.C. planned and managed the manuscript; [PERSON] and [PERSON] collaborated in Section 1.1; [PERSON] was responsible for Section 1.2; [PERSON], [PERSON] and [PERSON] collaborated in Section 2.1; [PERSON], [PERSON] and [PERSON] collaborated in Section 2.2; [PERSON] was responsible for Section 3; [PERSON], [PERSON], [PERSON] and [PERSON] collaborated in the edition of the manuscript and [PERSON] managed the manuscript submission. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
This research was funded by Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia (FCT) through the CQM Base Fund, UIDB/00674/2020, the Programmatic Fund, UIDP/00674/2020, Madeira 14-20 Program, project PROEQUIPRAM, Reforco do Investimento em Equipamentos e Infraestruturas Cientificas RAM (M1420-01-0145-FEDER-000008), Agencia Regional para o Desenvolvimento da Investigacao Tecnologia e Inovacao (ARDIT) through the project M1420-01-0145-FEDER-000005-Centro de Quimica da Madeira-CQM + (Madeira 14-20 Program) and Project M1420-09-5369-FSE-000001 for the post-doctoral fellowship granted to J.A.M.P. Funding from the Community of Madrid and European FSE and FEDER programs (project S2018/BAA-4393, AVANSECAL-II-CM) is also acknowledged. [PERSON] thanks the University of Alcala for her predoctoral contract and the mobility grant to stay at Madeira University.  
Not applicable.  
The authors declare no conflict of interest.