# Readiness of Enterprises in Czech Republic to Implement Industry 4.0: Index of Industry 4.0
## 4 Results
### Index of Industry 4.0  
The results of the factor analysis were further used to create an index for the implementation level of Industry 4.0 (VPi4) in the enterprise. Based on these data, it was possible to divide 13 areas into three levels of Industry 4.0 implementation into the enterprise, using factor analysis, where the numbers after each area represent their factor load.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Variable** & **Factor 1** & **Factor 2** & **Factor 3** \\ \hline We collect data & **0.8212** & 0.2961 & 0.0451 \\ Data storage in the cloud & **0.6260** & 0.0023 & 0.3342 \\ We analyze the data & **0.8603** & 0.1839 & 0.0997 \\ We have the right people & **0.6094** & \(-\)0.0134 & 0.1901 \\ IT infrastructure & 0.4481 & **0.5251** & \(-\)0.0306 \\ Information systems MES, ERP & 0.1367 & **0.7577** & \(-\)0.1363 \\ Linked data (M2M) & 0.3207 & **0.5750** & 0.1562 \\ The use of robots & 0.1658 & **0.5449** & 0.4303 \\ Mobile terminal equipment & 0.1383 & **0.5448** & 0.4186 \\ Using sensors & 0.3203 & **0.5844** & 0.3058 \\ Using learning software & 0.1950 & 0.3306 & **0.4448** \\ Sharing data with suppliers & 0.2245 & \(-\)0.0315 & **0.6696** \\ Use of virtual reality & 0.0643 & 0.0797 & **0.6842** \\ \hline Autonomous vehicles & & Eliminated & \\ Additive manufacturing (3D printing) & & Eliminated & \\ Nanotechnology & & Eliminated & \\ Drones & & Eliminated & \\ \hline Variance explained & 2.7416 & 2.3541 & 1.7719 \\ Total & 0.2109 & 0.1811 & 0.1363 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 3: Factor loadings. Primary factor load aggregate variables are marked in bold. IT—information technology; MES—manufacturing execution system; ERP—enterprise resource planning; M2M—machine-to-machine communication; 3D—three-dimensional.  
The first level of introducing Industry 4.0 into an enterprise consists of the following areas:  
* We have the right people (mechatronics, mounter, technologist)--0.61;
* We collect data--0.82;
* Data storage in the cloud--0.63;
* We analyze data--0.86.  
The second level of introducing Industry 4.0 into an enterprise consists of the following areas:  
* IT infrastructure (speed, stability)--0.53;
* MES, ERP--0.75;
* We use linked data (M2M)--0.58;
* Use of robots, robotic arms (in production and elsewhere)--0.54;
* Mobile terminals--0.54;
* Use of sensors--0.58.  
The third level of introducing Industry 4.0 into an enterprise consists of the following areas:  
* Use of learning software--0.44;
* Suppliers can use our data (response options, predictions)--0.67;
* Use of virtual reality (digital twins, simulation)--0.68.  
Figure 1a below shows the data distribution in terms of VPi4 percentage; the intervals were created automatically for legibility. The most frequent interval was 39%-52% with a frequency of 37 enterprises, followed by an interval of 26%-39% with a frequency of 36 enterprises. The least represented interval was 78%-91%, where there were seven enterprises.  
Figure 1b shows the 164 enterprises evaluated under the first wave of the research (\(x\)-axis) with their percentage of VPi4 (\(y\)-axis). As seen from the chart, most of the enterprises were between 29% and 60%. Conversely, in the lower quartile, there were 29% of enterprises, while there were 60% of enterprises in the upper quartile.