## 2 State of the Art  
The food industry, including production companies and stores, incurs substantial annual costs resulting from product deterioration before their expiration dates. These costs are not just financial but can also impact a company's reputation, especially when dealing with large retail chains that uphold strict quality standards. On the other hand, manufacturers fulfilling orders for larger customers may not have full control over the entire logistics chain, as some of the transport may be handled by the ordering party or external companies (Third Party Logistics--3 PL). Monitoring temperature and humidity within vehicles and managing data regarding changes in the ambient conditions are crucial components of the cold chain. Various commercially available hardware, software, and solution providers offer a range of solutions for data recording, storage, and retrieval [2]. Several researchers have focused on monitoring food safety during transportation, including [3; 4; 5; 6; 7; 8], proposed the design of an intelligent monitoring system based on the Internet of Things, which monitors temperature and humidity inside refrigerator trucks, intelligently identifies the cargo, and tracks the real-time location of refrigerator trucks throughout the transportation process using RFID and sensor technology [8]. IoT devices in the supply chain process track and trace shipments using the latest real-time monitoring technologies, including GPS [9]. [PERSON] [10] identified 15 primary risk areas during food transportation, including refrigeration and temperature control, transportation unit management, packing, loading and unloading, security, pest control, container design, preventive maintenance, employee hygiene, policies, handling of rejected loads, holding, and traceability. Due to these challenges, many supply chains are functioning below the ideal state, leading to approximately one-third of globally produced food for human consumption going to waste [11]. Food waste may be reduced with better temperature management in food cold chains [12]. The pre-warning system aims to assist managers in food manufacturing firms by identifying food safety risks in advance. It provides support decision-support information to uphold the quality and safety of food products [13]. Regardless of the type of food products being transported, they all require several common steps in their journey from the point of origin to the point of use to ensure safe transportation and prevent contamination. Recent trends in food safety focus on the miniaturization of analytical procedures using sensors, biosensors, microchips, lab-on-a-chip devices, or total micro-total analysis systems, enabling rapid detection of possible contamination, especially during transportation [14]. These miniaturized devices can measure various parameters, including temperature, humidity, chemical contaminants, and microbial contaminants [1; 15]. While solutions available on the market and research findings allow monitoring of the climate conditions within the trailer, they do not provide insights into the ambient conditions of the product itself. The conditions within a semi-trailer can vary due to uneven air circulation. In many cases, cooling occurs at the front of the semi-trailer, resulting in higher temperatures in the middle part. Placing temperature recorders in the wrong location can lead to inaccurate readings [16]. Furthermore, during waits for unloading or when switching between different means of transport (e.g., from a truck to an airplane), products can experience significant temperature fluctuations. Independent studies by transportation companies have shown temperature differences of up to 25 \({}^{\circ}\)C during such situations [17]. While increases in temperature and humidity do not specify the type of contamination that will occur, they serve as indicators of potential issues in various types of food products, such as milk, meat, plants, fruits, and vegetables.