# Earthquake Hazard Mitigation for Uncertain Building Systems Based on Adaptive Synergetic Control
###### Abstract
The adaptive control law was responsible for generating the necessary input control voltage to energize the MR damper. In [6], [PERSON] et al. designed a second-order sliding mode controller to mitigate the vibration of smart structures due to dynamic loadings and earthquakes. An MR fluid damper was the vital element in the control scheme. In [7], [PERSON] proposed an intelligent controller based on a neural network (NN) to suppress the effect of vibrations on a three-story scaled structure. The MR damper, which was fixed on the first floor of the building, was actuated on the basis of a linear quadratic (LQ) controller. The control voltage signal applied to the MR damper was generated by a combination of a clipped optimal algorithm with the proposed controller. In [8], [PERSON] used hybrid control schemes, based on a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller and chattering-free robust sliding mode controller (SMC), to actuate an active seismic control device attached to a multi-degree-of-freedom structural mechanism to reduce the effect of earthquake vibrations. In [9], [PERSON] proposed a gain-scheduling fuzzy controller (GSFC) for active structural systems subjected to seismic uncertainties. The parameters of the GSFC were tuned online using the principle of \"reinforcement learning\". The time-delay problem was solved by integrating the proposed controller with a dynamic state predictor. In [10], [PERSON] presented a modern control strategy based on transfer function analysis for controlling a shaking table, which simulates a high-rise building structure under earthquake vibration. The validity and feasibility of the proposed control strategy were verified by synthesizing and combining three linear and nonlinear controllers. In [11], [PERSON] designed nonlinear controllers based on sliding mode theory for a nonlinear-modelled building subjected to earthquake vibrations. The study showed that the floor displacement of the building structure was significantly reduced under earthquake vibrations. In [12], [PERSON] et al. presented hybrid control for a high-rise and active-damper-supported building structure experiencing earthquakes. The disturbance decoupling problem was solved by approximation and by designing simple and new control laws. Lyapunov-based analysis was conducted to develop and prove the stability of the robust controller to reject variation in a controlled mechanical building. In [13], [PERSON] and [PERSON] presented an intelligent control design based on a neural network to suppress earthquake vibrations in a nonlinear three-story building structure using an active mass damper. This study showed better performance in reducing the response of the building structure and modal energy as compared to the multilayer-perceptron controller and non-controlled system. In [14], [PERSON] et al. presented a model reference adaptive control scheme to reduce the vibration of building structures due to earthquakes. According to Lyapunov-based stability analysis, the adaptive control laws were established on the basis of backstepping control theory. The proposed control design was constructed by taking into account optimum parameter selection, actuator saturation, parametric effects due to the switching period, and little information in the nonlinear structure model. In [15], [PERSON] and [PERSON] designed a fuzzy-based sliding mode controller to mitigate the effect of earthquake vibrations shaking an eight-story seismic isolation shear building structure. The effect of chattering, accompanying sliding mode control, can be reduced by applying fuzzy logic. The proposed controller showed robustness characteristics against parametric uncertainties, varying dynamic loads, and modeling inaccuracies. In [16], [PERSON] et al. presented vibration control of finite-time earthquakes linear structures in the presence of a time delay and input saturation.