## 5 Construction Execution Activities Management (CEAM). In the following, we have compared the above-presented model with the possibilities detected in the literature regarding the use of digitalization to achieve a full DTCP, the goal of our undertaking. The digital twin is used in the planning, design and control processes by entering the activities to be implemented and by tracking the activities to be achieved through timelines based on the work conducted and taking control measures to correct them, when necessary. The DTCP compares the reported implemented activities with the activities entered according to the plans that were included into the construction BIM. This helps to determine the real-time situation on the site, and then the digital twin provides reports, through which deviations or potential risks are detected, in addition to tracking construction costs. This process helps decision makers to take the necessary steps to avoid potential undesired effects and perform activities evaluation according to the prepared plans in a more effective manner, while also enabling advanced predictive and preventive capabilities for the project [14]. These data can also be used for planning future projects, while other companies can benefit from it in similar construction projects, especially regarding management and leadership aspects that involve high responsibility [15]. The DTCP can be used in occupational safety management at construction project sites by tracking worker movement, monitoring hazardous locations or preventing the use of unsafe materials based on specific analyses (what if or scenario-based). The system can monitor the operations through surveillance cameras and image analysis, allowing alarm systems to be triggered when the personnel are approaching dangerous sites or are failing to comply with safety procedures [16]. Through this mechanism, the digital twin can synchronize the behavior of the physical twin regarding movement control by extracting the three-dimensional skeleton model from videos and images and making comparisons with the predetermined movement paths [17; 18; 19; 20; 21]. One study [22] signals the availability of deep learning algorithms that can extract hidden information from the data and facilitate the realization of the concept of a digital twin, as it increases the performance and accuracy of personal protective equipment and helps security and safety managers to detect risks related to occupational security and safety of workers. An important aspect of implementing this is the proper integration of physical sensors and their virtual counterparts under specific frameworks [23]. This technology can also detect risky behaviors of workers that have the ability to generate accidents or incidents or impact the effectiveness on the job, such as alcohol or substance abuse and fatigue or absentmindedness [24]. Figure 2: DT use for risk management according to [13] (figure adapted by the authors). The digital twin technology helps in quality management in construction projects by tracking resource consumption according to the technical specifications that are entered in the BIM, addressing, at the same time, the need to coordinate the construction site activities with the suppliers. The DTCP allows technical tests to inspect and diagnose materials and components, which provides speed and accuracy on site. In addition, it runs the necessary simulations to check the loads and weights for structural soundness, particularly in the construction bases and columns, which is a critical part of the technical construction risk evaluation. The digital twin allows flexibility in dealing with technical specifications and change orders, which enhances the overall quality approach and reduces the costs and potential quality risks, as this process helps in discovering potential problems in the early stages [25].