## 1 Introduction  
The number of embedded devices has continuously increased in recent years. Traditionally, such devices have worked locally in an independent way and provided services for human users. Advances in radio communication technologies have enabled even mobile connectivity for the referred devices over the Internet. These trends are now visible as the increasing number of application cases which rely on the services exposed from physical equipment, such as sensors, actuators, RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) tags, machines, vehicles and industrial embedded devices. Such service systems are here called as Machine to Machine (M2M) service networks, which can also be called as Internet of Things (IoT) or Cyber-Physical Systems [1]. Usually such systems include capabilities for remote measurements and remote control of embedded devices. Remote measurements consist of sensing physical phenomenon, storing, sending, receiving and processing of measured information. Remote control of devices includes access control, mutual exclusion, sending, receiving and processing of control commands. The basic enabler of such functionality is M2M connectivity, where various kinds of embedded devices are connected into the Internet. The added value is created by the enabled M2M services based on the use of the measured information in a smart way, and reasoning and execution of smart remote control actions with the M2M asset devices. There are many research challenges related to details of such system and processes, for example identification, sensing/actuation, low-power communication, distributed intelligence, information semantics, data confidentiality, privacy, trust, _etc._[1]. However, it is here estimated that even bigger challenge for the society arise from the complexity and fragmented vertical M2M markets. The origin for the complexity is due to the number of embedded devices, connectivity means, service platforms, information management and especially their heterogeneity. In addition, establishing and maintaining an interactive system capable for interoperation with the human user is here expected to go soon beyond human capabilities. M2M market is fragmented to multiple vertical industries, and the resulting systems are usually domain or vendor specific closed systems, also be called as \"vertical silos\". In addition, the natural needs of businesses to protect themselves seem to lead such systems which require special access rights for each specific system, resulting in vendor specific closed systems. This has caused problems for example in residential home environments and prevented the emergence of home automation in large extent. Smart grid solutions cannot interoperate with infrastructure and buildings/homes, even if it would be strongly required to reach higher level energy efficiency. Therefore, it is observed here that the technological complexity and vertical M2M silos are the reason of a _grand research challenge_ for development of a modern ecosystem. Because most of the existing vertical systems have difficulty in scaling, it has been seen that enabling horizontal model is important for realizing embedded M2M [2]. Therefore, it is assumed here that solving this grand challenge requires first to have clear principles for the horizontal system architecture; otherwise, the detailed solutions could be applicable only for specific vertical application cases and have thus difficulty in scaling. There are different technical architectural approaches for M2M systems such as e.g., end-to-end Internet approach [3, 4], and M2M gateway based approach [5, 6]. It is possible to establish an Internet connection from an Internet node to the M2M asset device without any additional intermediate node making transformation into the messages in the end-to-end Internet based approach, if there is at least tiny Internet protocol (IP) stack also in small embedded devices.