# Preliminary Valorization of Climatic Conditions Effects on
## 5 Conclusions  
The following conclusions can be drawn according to the experimental findings:  
* Restoration sustainability and feasibility in historical developing countries is dependent on availability of main component of the restorative mortars in these zones. Hence, production of restorative air lime mortars was carried out based on existing components in the zone of the Pasargadae and Persepolis world heritage sites.
* Addition of sesame cooking oils in air lime mortars led to considerable hydrophobic effects, such as substantial reductions in water absorption values: 71-72% reduction when mortars were cured in laboratory and 88-93% reduction when the mortars were cured in the site conditions.
* Oil additions in the air lime mortars adversely affected permeability and carbonation values when the mortars were cured in laboratory, as reported elsewhere. However, when the mortar samples were cured in natural site conditions no negative effect on carbonation and permeability values was observed due to existence of various climatic parameters in the natural site, compared to the laboratory conditions such as air flow and thermal variations. These values affected the carbon dioxide gains and microstructures, as the mortars cured in the site conditions demonstrated 78-80% of calcium carbonate after 180 days of curing.
* The effect of unsaturation level of the fatty acids as additives in hydrophobization of the mortars was evident. The oil with higher unsaturation levels demonstrated higher potentials in improving the hydric properties of the air lime mortars. However, these additions demonstrate considerable alterations in the microstructure of lime mortars.
* An improvement of hydric properties of lime mortars in the presence of fatty acids happened in realistic in-situ conditions with more climatic parameters compared to the laboratory. Existence of climatic parameters such as air flow and daily thermal variations did not demonstrate adverse effects on favorable values of the studied mortars as potential repointing materials.
* Climate change and substantial reduction of relative humidity in the recent years of the region of this application urges the use of restorative air lime mortars rather than hydraulic lime. Air lime mortars, due to low dependency on humidity of the ambient for their initial setting and hardening, have high potentials to manifest the desired durability. The addition of fatty acid organics to air lime mortars has substantially improved their hydric properties, and no biological attack or durability issue was reported in the first year of their in-situ monitoring. However, in order to complete a preliminary valorization of these mortars for sensitive restorative applications, more characterizations need to be carried out.  
Conceptualization and methodology, P.P., M.C.B. and S.M.; writing--original draft preparation, P.P. and S.M.; writing--review and editing, P.P., S.M.; supervision, M.C.B.; project administration, H.S. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
This research received no external funding.  
Not applicable.  
Data Availability Statement: The data presented in this study are available on request from the corresponding authors.  
The authors would like to thank the personnel of the Pasargadae and Perseopolis World Heritage Sites for their constructive collaborations. Thanks are also due to personnel of ISCR (Istituto Superiore per la Conservazione ed il Restauro) and Association of Italian Restorers without Borders (Restauratori Senza Frontiere) active in Persepolis and Pasargadae World Heritage Sites for their precious comments and discussions.  
The authors declare no conflict of interest.