## 3 Results and Discussions
### Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction (UAE) of Total Alkaloids Content (TALC) in Sourspo Samples
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Treatment**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Ultrasound Conditions**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Total Alkaloids (mg/g Dry Weight)**} \\ \cline{2-9}  & \({}^{1}\)X\({}_{\text{ET}}\) & \({}^{2}\)X\({}_{\text{SA}}\) & \({}^{3}\)X\({}_{\text{PC}}\) & **Peel** & **Seed** & **Columnella** & **Pulp** \\ \hline
1 & 5 & 40 & 0.7 & 3.03 \(\pm\) 0.02 \({}^{1}\)A & 0.93 \(\pm\) 0.01 \({}^{1}\)KB & 0.51 \(\pm\) 0.01 \({}^{1}\)C & 0.12 \(\pm\) 0.01 \({}^{1}\)KD \\
2 & 15 & 40 & 0.7 & 2.64 \(\pm\) 0.01 \({}^{1}\)A & 0.91 \(\pm\) 0.01 \({}^{1}\)KB & 0.48 \(\pm\) 0.02 \({}^{4}\)C & 0.46 \(\pm\) 0.01 \({}^{1}\)KD \\
3 & 5 & 100 & 0.7 & 3.26 \(\pm\) 0.03 \({}^{1}\)A & 1.86 \(\pm\) 0.01 \({}^{1}\)KB & 0.15 \(\pm\) 0.02 \({}^{1}\)D & 1.16 \(\pm\) 0.02 \({}^{4}\)C \\
4 & 15 & 100 & 0.7 & 4.74 \(\pm\) 0.01 \({}^{1}\)A & 0.81 \(\pm\) 0.02 \({}^{2}\)B & 0.41 \(\pm\) 0.01 \({}^{1}\)C & 0.20 \(\pm\) 0.01 \({}^{1}\)D \\
5 & 5 & 70 & 0.4 & 3.11 \(\pm\) 0.02 \({}^{1}\)A & 2.31 \(\pm\) 0.02 \({}^{1}\)B & 0.40 \(\pm\) 0.02 \({}^{1}\)D & 0.95 \(\pm\) 0.01 \({}^{1}\)C \\
6 & 15 & 70 & 0.4 & 2.80 \(\pm\) 0.01 \({}^{1}\)A & 1.96 \(\pm\) 0.01 \({}^{1}\)B & 0.22 \(\pm\) 0.01 \({}^{1}\)B & 0.76 \(\pm\) 0.01 \({}^{1}\)C \\
7 & 5 & 70 & 1 & 7.48 \(\pm\) 0.01 \({}^{1}\)A & 1.18 \(\pm\) 0.01 \({}^{1}\)B & 0.60 \(\pm\) 0.01 \({}^{1}\)C & 0.43 \(\pm\) 0.01 \({}^{1}\)D \\
8 & 15 & 70 & 1 & 7.11 \(\pm\) 0.01 \({}^{1}\)B & 1.18 \(\pm\) 0.01 \({}^{1}\)B & 0.50 \(\pm\) 0.01 \({}^{1}\)D & 0.65 \(\pm\) 0.01 \({}^{1}\)C \\
9 & 10 & 40 & 0.4 & 3.57 \(\pm\) 0.01 \({}^{1}\)A & 1.17 \(\pm\) 0.01 \({}^{1}\)B & 0.22 \(\pm\) 0.01 \({}^{1}\)B & 0.75 \(\pm\) 0.01 \({}^{1}\)C \\
10 & 10 & 100 & 0.4 & 4.06 \(\pm\) 0.01 \({}^{1}\)A & 1.01 \(\pm\) 0.01 \({}^{1}\)B & 0.04 \(\pm\) 0.02 \({}^{1}\)D & 0.76 \(\pm\) 0.01 \({}^{1}\)C \\
11 & 10 & 40 & 1 & 3.88 \(\pm\) 0.01 \({}^{1}\)A & 1.52 \(\pm\) 0.02 \({}^{1}\)B & 0.05 \(\pm\) 0.02 \({}^{1}\)D & 0.88 \(\pm\) 0.01 \({}^{1}\)C \\
12 & 10 & 100 & 1 & 3.56 \(\pm\) 0.01 \({}^{1}\)A & 1.00 \(\pm\) 0.02 \({}^{1}\)B & 0.41 \(\pm\) 0.03 \({}^{1}\)D & 0.65 \(\pm\) 0.01 \({}^{1}\)C \\
13 & 10 & 70 & 0.7 & 2.60 \(\pm\) 0.01 \({}^{1}\)A & 1.87 \(\pm\) 0.01 \({}^{1}\)KB & 0.46 \(\pm\) 0.01 \({}^{1}\)C & 0.82 \(\pm\) 0.01 \({}^{1}\)C \\
14 & 10 & 70 & 0.7 & 3.11 \(\pm\) 0.01 \({}^{1}\)A & 1.06 \(\pm\) 0.02 \({}^{1}\)B & 0.15 \(\pm\) 0.01 \({}^{1}\)D & 0.63 \(\pm\) 0.01 \({}^{1}\)S \\
15 & 10 & 70 & 0.7 & 3.51 \(\pm\) 0.01 \({}^{1}\)A & 1.36 \(\pm\) 0.01 \({}^{1}\)B & 0.21 \(\pm\) 0.01 \({}^{1}\)D & 0.81 \(\pm\) 0.02 \({}^{4}\)C \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}  
* \({}^{1}\)X\({}_{\text{ET}}\): extraction time (min). \({}^{2}\)X\({}_{\text{SA}}\): sonication amplitude (%). \({}^{3}\)X\({}_{\text{PC}}\): pulses-cycles. Data are expressed as the mean \(\pm\) SD (\(n=3\)). Same capital letters indicate no significant statistical differences between the raw materials (\(p<0.05\)) and same lowercase letters indicate no significant differen  
\end{table} 
Table 1: Effect of the variables of the process of extraction assisted with ultrasound on the content of total alkaloids from A. muricata peel, seed, columella, and pulp. on the synthesis of them in each raw material. Three important functions of alkaloids in plants are known such as defensive route as toxic compounds for animals and humans, and hormonal route because they function as phytohormones in some plants and an allebotathic route, which influence the growth of other organisms [8; 27]. Therefore, the highest TALC in peel and seed was likely due to these organs increasing the biosynthesis of ALKs as a defense system because the function of the peel is to protect the fruit and the seed to the embryo [28]. It is important to point out that some research studies demonstrated that the UAE could be the most efficient method for extracting ALKs in different plants [20; 29; 30]. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [31] reported that the extraction efficiency of ALKs from _Rhizoma coptidis_ was dependent on time, temperature, and solvent concentration.