# The Integration of AI and Metaverse in Education: A Systematic Literature Review
## 2 Background
### Metaverse and AI in Education  
_Metaverse in Education._ Some studies conducted qualitative research concerning the adoption and integration of the metaverse into higher education [11; 20; 21], while others focused primarily on its potential, opportunities, and challenges. Refs. [22; 23] examined the benefits of using the metaverse encompassing interactive learning and student engagement, along with the challenges associated with infrastructure, security, and ethical considerations. Ref. [6] provided insights into the practical applications of metaverse technologies and the related opportunities, along with challenges including ethical considerations and confidentiality. Ref. [17] discussed four potential applications of the metaverse in education, highlighting future research topics such as design frameworks for educational purposes, guiding rules and principles, and the cognitive and non-cognitive impacts. Ref. [2] classified the metaverse into four types based on two axes: first, augmentation versus simulation, and second, intimate versus external. The characteristics of the four types are described with examples found in educational environments, considering both the benefits and drawbacks. Moreover, the comprehensive bibliometric analysis found in [24] explored the evolution of research into the use of the metaverse in education, emphasizing trends, academic production, and key concepts in scientific publications. _AI within Metaverse in Education._ However, only a small number of works examining AI within the metaverse in relation to education remain. Ref. [18] provided a clear definition of the metaverse, discussing its potential applications and research issues in education from an AI perspective, highlighting the role played by AI and suggesting new roles to enhance learning experiences such as NPC tutors, tutes, or peers. Ref. [16] focused on the role, techniques, and applications of AI, discussing the potential of integrating AI within the metaverse to revolutionize the current education system, exploring a number of applications of AI within the metaverse, such as (1) personalized learning; (2) intelligent virtual assistants; (3) adaptive assessment and feedback; (4) collaborative learning; (5) intelligent content creation; (6) intelligent tutoring systems; and (7) data analytics for educational insights. Ref. [19] offered a detailed review of the use of AI and 6G to create immersive experiences in the metaverse, covering advancements in computer vision, machine learning paradigms, and wireless communication technologies. The study explored the various paradigms of machine learning, focusing on self-learning as the most extensively explored in relation to the metaverse. The paper also discussed how AI within metaverse can revolutionize healthcare education by creating immersive and dynamic scenarios that replicate with precision, and in detail, a diverse range of medical situations. Ref. [25] provided a comprehensive analysis of integrating VR, AR, AI, and big data into a unified educational framework within the metaverse. Through a case study of urban scenario simulations for education, it highlighted how AI contributes through behavioral analysis, where machine learning models evaluate student interactions within virtual spaces, and by dynamically adjusting content difficulty to optimize individual learning paths. In addition, the study discussed how the integration of cloud and edge processing enables real-time analysis, ensuring that educational content adapts to students' progress. Ref. [26] conducted a qualitative and quantitative research on the effectiveness of a smart education model within the metaverse focused on enhancing learning outcomes for college English students at Zhejiang Open University. The model integrated AI-enabled assessment alongside smart pedagogy, a smart teaching environment, and multimodal teaching resources.