# Using Blockchain for Data Collection in the Automotive Industry Sector: A Literature Review  
[PERSON]  
1 The Department of Informatics, University West, 461 32 Tollhattan, Sweden; sergio.vargas@student. the technical and ethical limitations of traditional methods, blockchain, with its attractive functionality, offers solutions to various security problems [5, 6, 7, 8]. In addition, it offers a secure option for the collection of automotive data [9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20]. These characteristics have been described by Reference [8], as follows:  
* Decentralized: It does not require a centralized node to record, store or update data; instead, data can be recorded, stored, and updated in a distributed manner. * Transparent: Data recording is transparent for each node, even when updating data, and this is why blockchain can be trusted. * Open Source: People can use blockchain technologies to create any application, and records can be checked openly. * Autonomy: All system nodes can securely transfer or update data, and no one can intercede. * Immutable: Records will be kept indefinitely and can only be modified if 51% of the nodes are controlled simultaneously. * Anonymity: The transport of data and even transactions can be anonymous, with only the addresses being know. Although the use of blockchain for data collection is growing rapidly in academia and industry, several technical, ethical, and security challenges are reported [9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21]. Among all of these challenges are privacy [21], transaction latency, minimal throughput, difficult commit processes, and scalability [9]. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first scholarly article to review the state-of-the-art blockchain adoption challenges for data collection in the automotive industry. Reference [2] carried out a review to analyze the ability of blockchain technologies to be used in the automotive industry. However, this review focused solely on a business administration and cybersecurity perspective by examining the challenges faced by key stakeholders in adopting blockchain. Furthermore, this review did not address the challenges of data collection in this sector. The review conducted in Reference [7] considered only solutions to address the privacy challenges that evolve from the network level in conventional blockchains. Although Reference [8] conducted a survey of the general challenges of blockchain adoption for governments and organizations, this survey was a general survey, and it did not examine the data-collection challenges in the automotive industry. Other researchers in this field have sought to consider blockchain solutions for the collection of data in the automotive sector. However, some of these solutions have not been implemented or tested in the real world [17, 18, 12, 17], or are not yet usable [14] and even simply descriptive [13]. Furthermore, other solutions are vulnerable to cyber-attacks [16, 11]. Even a solution that uses lightweight blockchain does not consider the security and scalability aspects [15], and the real-time application to solve Vehicle-to-Everything communication (V2X) does not take these features into account. [10]. However, the purpose of this review was to conduct a review of published articles that have addressed the challenges of adopting blockchain for data collection in the automotive industry. Thus, this review classified these challenges into seven categories, namely connectivity, privacy, security attacks, performance, costs, and monetizing. Therefore, the review aims to summarize these challenges to help researchers and car manufacturers assess the applicability of blockchain use to collect data in the automotive sector. The rest of the paper is organized as follows. The Methods section describes the methodology used to search and filter articles. The Results section focuses on analyzing and presenting the findings obtained from the selected articles.