## 3 Results
### Formability Evaluation  
A graphic representation example of the strain field for the nine samples (major strain), ranging from uniaxial strain to balanced biaxial strain, all oriented along the rolling direction (RD), is shown in Figure 7 (qualitative strain field). The FLC results are displayed in Figure 8a-c, where each image depicts the FLC in the three directions of \(0^{\circ}\) (RD), \(45^{\circ}\) (DD) and \(90^{\circ}\) (TD) with respect to rolling direction. The major strain, \(\varepsilon_{1}\), represented by the vertical axis in the diagram, and the minor strain, \(\varepsilon_{2}\), is represented by the horizontal axis. In accordance with the ratio \(\rho=\varepsilon_{2}/\varepsilon_{1}\), the strain path is referenced by three lines (two diagonal and one vertical lines). The uniaxial strain path in this instance is indicated by \(\rho=-0.5\), the plane strain path by \(\rho=0\), and the balanced biaxial strain path by \(\rho=1\)  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline \(\mathbf{R_{0}}\) & \(\mathbf{R_{45}}\) & \(\mathbf{R_{90}}\) & \(\overline{R}\) & \(\Delta R\) \\ \hline
0.82 & 1.07 & 0.93 & 0.97 & \(-0.09\) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 2: Anisotropy coefficients.  
Figure 6: Stress–strain engineer, true and Hollomon curves; (**a**) RD; (**b**) DD; (**c**) TD; (**d**) schematic of tensile samples in the three directions analyzed.  
The limit strains of FLCs corresponding to RD, DD, and TD are represented by black circles, yellow rhombuses, and blue circles, respectively. Lower limit strain values were obtained under a plane strain path in the three cases, while higher limit strain values of FLC were obtained with a uniaxial strain path. In the case of minor strain results, the three results reached a value close to reference line \(\rho=-0.5\) in uniaxial strain path. The higher minor strain value was obtained by FLC of DD, followed by RD, and lower minor strain value was obtained on TD.  
Figure 7: Qualitative major strain field example of nine samples in RD examples: (**a**) MK01; (**b**) MK02; (**c**) MK03; (**d**) MK04; (**e**) MK05; (**f**) MK06; (**g**) MK07; (**h**) MK08; (**i**) MK09.  
Under the uniaxial strain condition, the highest values of the major strain are equal to \(\varepsilon_{1}=0.22\) for the RD and DD directions, and the lowest value of \(\varepsilon_{1}=0.2\) is in the TD. In the case of minor strain, the highest value is observed for the \(0^{\circ}\) and \(45^{\circ}\) directions with a \(\varepsilon_{2}=-0.1\), and finally by the \(90^{\circ}\) direction \(\varepsilon_{2}=-0.09\). For the plane strain condition, there were practically no variations in major and minor strain for the three directions. The respective values were \(\varepsilon_{1}=0.11\) and \(\varepsilon_{2}=0\). Under balanced biaxial strain condition, the highest values of the major strain are equal to \(\varepsilon_{1}=0.11\) for the RD and DD directions followed for \(\varepsilon_{1}=0.1\) for TD. In the case of minor strain, the highest value is observed for the RD and DD directions with a \(\varepsilon_{2}=0.06\), and finally by the \(90^{\circ}\) direction \(\varepsilon_{2}=-0.05\). The limit strain results show an approximately linear trend on the left-hand side of the three diagrams, with the limit strain value of the plane strain path approximately at null strain. Also, it is evident from the right-hand side of FLCs that the trend in limit strains exhibits a clear parabolic pattern.