## 2 Theoretical Background
### Quantum Information Education: A Wider Initiative around the World  
The attraction of new human resources to forge and promote disciplines, such as quantum information, requires early actions. Thus, STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) educative initiatives provide early approaches for their inclusion [3]. Those initiatives seek to include, attract, and train students in scientific research first, and then the areas of quantum information as motivating life plans. Quantum information can promote and contribute to scientific interest because it is a disruptive discipline [2]. Nowadays, specialized groups and institutes use this approach to introduce this discipline in early courses, attracting students through workshops, professional stays, scientific graduate courses, and academic degrees [3; 6; 7].  
The quantum industry comprises an emerging, commercial, and scalable development of quantum technologies [2]. The industry has produced massive products and services, such as quantum cryptography devices. Such an effervescent development of potential products and services requires a plethora of qualified human resources for their development and implementation [19; 20]. Today, many commercial initiatives are already developing and improving existing quantum technologies in fierce competition. Thus, IBM, Google, D-Wave, and Amazon Braket are emerging pioneers in developing quantum processors. Meanwhile, MagiQ, AgilPQ, Anametric, and QuantumXchange develop applications and quantum encryption devices. In a disruptive direction, Atom Computing, EeroQ, and IonQ develop solid-state-based processors. ColdQuanta develops various quantum devices for communications and storage. Those companies are examples of quantum products' accelerated development and commercialization as part of an emerging market on which several developed countries partially bet their global leadership and economy [14; 18].  
Those opportunities in the scientific profession have motivated the development of this type of learning experience and training in research for Higher Education students [21]. However, in each country, it is usual that only a few university education institutions or research centers offer such a possibility, being regularly far from potential candidates. How to attract them? Which initiatives can be formulated to make this opportunity equitable? We can appreciate quantum information's importance as a discipline in different countries in many educative initiatives implemented in several levels of education. For instance, some experiences introducing the teaching of quantum optics have been reported in secondary education [22], together with more theoretical approaches teaching Dirac notation [23]. In high school, an experience teaching quantum computation has been reported [24], just in  
Figure 2: Evolution in quantum science applications through disciplines involved and the number of professionals to trigger an impact on global transitions quantum industry.  
the preamble of higher education. Interestingly, such experiences also include technical education regarding Photonics [25].  
Higher Education has many examples of educational initiatives in quantum information and Photonics. Creation of complete educative modules or courses has several implementation examples [26; 27], or at least its inclusion in other courses [28]. Photonics initiatives are an essential applied area of education, with centers created for the discipline [29; 30; 31; 32]. All those efforts are directed towards developing leadership in quantum technologies [33].