## 1 Introduction
Algorithms on this layer, in the context of manufacturing, will decide what machines will manufacture what products and perform which tasks. This will take place centralized in the cloud or decentralized among the different machines within the production system. A question that has not been answered so far is: how is the information about what machine is capable of performing what process on what object/part generated? The static process of allocation used in the Industry 3.0 world will not be sufficient since it captures only a fraction of the actual manufacturing potential and flexibility (this is explained in more detail in Section 2.2). This is also where the model presented in this paper can contribute. The second aspect is that in the current situation most companies find themselves in, this idealized hierarchical structure represented by the RAMI 4.0 model is still a long way coming. The RAMI 4.0 model has a clear and distinct layout. The main point is the possibility of establishing decentralized control systems to steer production [4]. However, this vision runs very much against how most existing IT management systems are fundamentally designed. As a baseline, the difference both in design as well as structural organization and operational management needs to be understood. Therefore, the conventional hierarchy within a company's IT infrastructure, the automation pyramid, serves as a reference point. The automation pyramid represents the general hierarchical layout of the different IT  
Figure 1: The RAMI 4.0 model [19]. systems used by manufacturing companies to manage their production and all other operations [20]. This hierarchical structure is also known as the ISA-95 architecture or the ISA-95 framework. Figure 2 shows the automation pyramid. The physical processes are at the lowest level of the pyramid (level 0). These are the actual physical transformation processes within the production system. On this level, RFID Chips or Barcodes can be named as relevant objects. They provide information about product features, processing states, or the object's current status in the overall process chain to the next layer, level 1. In the overall ISA-95 framework, level 1 represents the shop floor or production layer, with sensors (e.g., temperature or pressure) and actuators (e.g., electrical regulators). These process relevant information for the production system in the form of input and output signals [21]. Level 1 is the level of operational control, where the sensor data are processed via a PLC (programmable logic controller). The information is then sent back to the shop floor or upwards for further analytics and storage. This level is of great importance when it comes to decentralized control [21; 22]. Monitoring, supervising, and operational control are located on the third level. Software and tools are often SCADA (Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition) and HMI (human-machine interface) solutions, serving as a display of operational data and operating systems. On level 3, the actual operational management of the production system takes place, usually supported by an MES (Manufacturing Execution System). On this level, the actual steering and management of the production system take place. The information comes from data from the lower levels, such as machine, logistical, and operational data. This level links the strategic and tactical planning, which then takes place on the company level (level 4) to the actual situation on the shop floor. One of the main tasks of the MES is the operationalization and detailed planning of the rough production program, which is planned in the ERP (Enterprise-Resource-Planning) system (level 4). The ERP system on the fourth level encompasses all corporate management tasks and functions and includes all relevant data for this purpose [23; 24; 25]. The distribution of task-respective functions across the different levels of the automation pyramid is very strict and not designed for flexibility [25].