# Enhancing the Performance of XR Environments Using Fog and Cloud Computing
###### Abstract
XR environments need to process and transmit large volumes of data in real time, posing significant network bandwidth and latency obstacles. Transmitting data to the cloud results in increased volumes of data. Moreover, the delays incurred while data are transferred to cloud servers can hinder the user experience. Addressing these latency issues requires network infrastructure optimization and data compression technologies. Furthermore, real-time interactions with users must occur seamlessly in XR environments. Delays in data processing [9] and rendering within the cloud environment can hinder the delivery of a smooth user experience. Therefore, methods must be explored to ensure real-time processing and responsiveness, even within the cloud environment. Therefore, developing new technologies and strategies for cloud-based XR environments is essential to address these challenges. Research focusing on network bandwidth optimization and real-time processing optimization plays a critical role in resolving these issues. Therefore, this paper proposes a novel XR system that leverages edge and fog computing to overcome the limitations of existing cloud-based XR environments. This approach aims to achieve network bandwidth optimization and real-time processing optimization, ensuring a seamless XR experience for the users without interruptions. In the context of XR environments, the system was designed with a central focus on real-time user interactions. Consequently, the interaction component is considered one of the most critical elements within the system. Within this system, interactions play a prominent role in the input and output stages. From the input perspective, numerous sensors generate extensive data, collecting information on the user's actions and environmental factors. Effectively processing and analyzing data to enable real-time interaction is paramount. Nevertheless, this necessitates efficient data compression and decompression processes, and minimizing network latency when transmitting data to servers. In the proposed system, edge computing was designed to meet these requirements. Edge computing applies data compression techniques to reduce the volume of data, minimizing data transmission and processing delays. Typically, in XR environments, the devices used for user interactions are installed at specific locations, designed to provide users with a seamless interaction between the physical world and virtual environments. These devices, which include various sensors and displays, are controlled by local edge computers. These edge computers must process operations requiring rapid local processing, such as the real-time handling of extensive input data. Synchronizing the time among various hardware components ensures a natural interaction for users. On the output side, real-time rendering of visuals and sound is crucial. Multiple edge computers are used to provide users with a smooth and realistic virtual environment. These edge computers are integrated to harmoniously coordinate the synchronization of input data and rendering tasks for output data. Hence, a dedicated server operates within the fog environment to guarantee the real-time performance of the system. The proposed fog system is crucial for optimizing the interaction and user experience. The system functions as a dedicated server, integrating data collected from edge computers and input data while performing time synchronization tasks for the input data. Furthermore, it ensures precise timing for rendering visuals and sound based on the synchronized data, coordinating with the edge computers responsible for rendering. After processing the data collected by the fog system, it consolidates the key information and forwards it to the central cloud system. This central cloud system efficiently manages multiple users and virtual worlds, enabling natural interactions through synchronization. This architecture allows the system to provide users with realistic, real-time interaction and effectively establish a cloud-based XR environment.