_applied sciences_  
_Article_  
**Evaluations and Measurements of the Occurrence of Maxilla and Palatine Bone Asymmetry Based on 3D Printed Stereolithographic Models in Elderly Educulous People**  
**[PERSON] 1,*, [PERSON] 2\(\copyright\)**,** [PERSON] 2,** [PERSON] 3\(\copyright\)**,  
**[PERSON] 4,*,** [PERSON] 4\(\copyright\)**,** [PERSON] 5\(\copyright\)**,** [PERSON] 4\(\copyright\)**,  
**[PERSON] 6\(\copyright\)** and [PERSON] 7\(\copyright\)**  
\begin{tabular}{l l} \multicolumn{2}{l}{1 Clinic for Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Belgrade, 11-00 Belgrade, Serbia} \\
2 & Department of Anthropology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Kozuchowska 5, 51-631 Wroclaw, Poland \\
3 & Maxillo-Facial Surgery Ward, Sokolowski Hospital, Sokolowska 4, 58-309 Walbrzych, Poland \\
4 & Department of Biostructure and Animal Physiology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Kozuchowska 1, 51-631 Wroclaw, Poland \\
5 & Private Dental Practice, 68-200 Zary, Poland \\
6 & Department of Animal Anatomy, Histology and Pathomorphology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Potekhin 16, 03041 Kyiv, Ukraine \\
7 & Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Preclinical Dentistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Krakowska 26, 50-425 Wroclaw, Poland \\
* & Correspondence: [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (S.I.); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (K.G.-H.) \\ \end{tabular}  
**Abstract:** This study aimed to evaluate and measure the occurrence of jaw and palate asymmetry based on 3D-printed stereolithographic models of edentulous elderly people. The analyses were performed on 3D models of the jaws, which were printed using the data (CT) obtained from the CBCT center. The control group consisted of 10 modern adult skulls (7 male and 3 female skulls) owned by the Department of Anthropology of the Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences. The small size of the studied groups did not allow for the performance of the analysis indicating the form of the observed morphological asymmetry--it was impossible to differentiate to indicate whether the examined features showed directional or fluctuating asymmetry. However, it was possible to determine the direction of the morphological asymmetry of the analyzed features. Both in the test group and the control group, it was a right-sided asymmetry. The analysis of the significance of differences in mean values of the asymmetry index showed that the intensity of asymmetry of the anterior part of the superior alveolar arch was significantly greater in the test group. The severity of the asymmetry of the lateral part of the alveolar arch in the tested groups did not differ significantly. The authors concluded that adequate maxillary height does not only influence proper dental prosthesis adhesion but also corresponds with a potential source for correct dental implant placement. We also concluded that the vertical height of the edentulous alveolar process of the mandible is important for adequate prosthesis fixing. In some cases, the bone atrophy and the bone itself are asymmetrical, so planning a prosthesis might be challenging. The adequate placement of implants should include the symmetry of jaw bones because of future masticatory force impact on the bone and the entire masticatory system, including the temporomandibular joint.  
**Keywords:** maxilla; palatine bone; 3D printed models; cranium; cranimetric measurements; asymmetry; edentulous