## 1 Introduction  
In recent decades, rural-to-urban migration influenced by factors such as increased employment opportunities, access to services, education, and communication networks has led to a period of rapid urbanization [1]. Over 50% of the world's population live in cities with this number expected to increase to 68% by 2050 [2]. While the environmental impact of providing transportation infrastructure in growing cities remains a primary concern in research [3], another important challenge relates to the provision of an inclusive, accessible, and affordable transportation for all individuals [4]. This is important as having access to transportation is crucial to improve social inclusion and allow people to access essential services, employment, and recreational facilities. Access to transportation is a critical component in achieving quality of life--particularly among vulnerable groups such as the elderly and disabled [5]. Transportation disadvantage relates to an individual's ability to access transport and is particularly prevalent in areas without good access to public transportation. In these areas, individuals must rely on \"private motor vehicles\" (PMV), which typically come with higher costs than public transport due to purchasing, fuel, maintenance, insurance, and storage costs [6]. This combined with increased population growth has had a significant impact on property values with areas around public transport nodes experiencing higher property values [7]. Lower income earners are then forced into surrounding fringe areas, further increasing transportation costs and exacerbating issues surrounding transport disadvantage [8]. Smart mobility has been identified as a potential solution to alleviate many of the issues associated with transport disadvantage [9]. Smart mobility, a general term used to describe many of the transport-related technologies that have been implemented in urban areas, represents a new way of thinking about transportation including the creation of a more sustainable system that is able to overcome some of the issues associated with PMV [10; 11]. While the number of research articles that focus on smart mobility is growing, little research to date has focused on how smart mobility can address transport disadvantage. Similarly, where specific smart mobility innovations, such as \"autonomous vehicles\" (AV), \"flexible transportation services\" (FTS), and \"free-floating e-mobility\" (FFM), or the integration of intelligent technologies have been investigated as a potential solution to transport disadvantage, they are often treated as separate entities with only a few comprehensive attempts to conceptualize how their integration can contribute to or alleviate the issue [12]. This requires explicit consideration as these changes do not happen in a silo, but are rather concurrent, or even dependent, on each other. This paper attempts to contribute to existing research by analyzing the way that smart mobility innovations can address transport disadvantage in cities. Using a systematic literature review as the research methodology, this paper seeks to answer the research question: How can smart mobility contribute to alleviate transport disadvantage? To answer this question and ensure all technological advances are considered, we first reviewed the literature to determine the innovations relevant to the smart mobility field, how they relate to each other, and what the major benefits of these systems are to urban areas. Then, by looking through the lens of transport disadvantage, major contributions were identified and associated with our research aim and question. From the literature review, a conceptual framework representing the relationship between the benefits of smart mobility innovations and the various aspects of transport disadvantage was developed with the view that it could help researchers better understand the relationship between the two concepts.