## 3 Results and Discussion
### Mineral Content  
The mineral content of the honey samples was determined using an ICP-OES method, and the results are presented in Table 4. As a general observation, the highest identified content was in potassium (K) and phosphorus (P). The values for these minerals were 132.7-3303 mg/kg (average of 1418.6 mg/kg) and 31.07-257.1 mg/kg (average of 122.1 mg/kg), respectively, which shows a really similar profile to a previous study on honey samples from Mexico [51]. Moreover, it was previously highlighted that K, Na, and Ca represent the most abundant minerals in Malaysian honey [55]. In our samples, Na was the third most prevalent mineral, with values ranging from 2.07-311.75 mg/kg (average 105.7 mg/kg), followed by Ca, with 23.93-165.95 mg/kg (average of 86.9 mg/kg), and Mg, with 6.33-107.3 mg/kg (average 39.0 mg/kg). The other elements were underrepresented, with B, Al, Mn, and Fe showing average amounts higher than 1.0 mg/kg. The Zn content was low, except for sample H16, which indicates there is no heavy metal contamination in the other samples [56].  
When comparing the samples in terms of cumulative mineral content, it was observed that the highest amounts were found in the samples H18, H16, H14, and H13, all of them being representative of pollen originating from the Fagaceae species. On the other hand, the samples H2, H5, H4, and H10 showed the lowest content. Ultimately, the differences in elemental composition are due to the geographical and botanical origin of the pollen, as well as the environmental pollution [57; 58].  
The mineral content of the _Fallopia_ sp. honey sample is similar to previous reports highlighting an accumulation of macroelements, particularly Ca, K, and Mg, and trace elements (i.e., B), emphasizing the importance of consuming this type of honey for its potential health benefits [59]. Research has been carried out to fully understand how these macroelements contribute to the optimal functioning of various biological systems, including cardiac, nervous, and musculoskeletal systems [60]. Furthermore, B, found in significant amounts in knotweed honey, is an essential trace element for the nervous system and bone health, and a main ingredient (i.e., boromycin) in the treatment of arthritis [61]. Chestnut honey is another source of essential nutrients, including Zn, an anti-inflammatory agent involved in numerous biological functions, such as DNA replication and damage repair, collagen, and protein synthesis associated with wound healing [62]. Additionally, chestnut honey accumulate significant values of Fe, an essential nutrient responsible for appropriate functionality in the human body, including oxygen transport and normal DNA synthesis [63]. Therefore, chestnut honey can be safely consumed by individuals with iron deficiency (i.e., especially pregnant women and the elderly), which manifests as anemia [64].  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c} \hline No. & \multicolumn{1}{c}{All} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{B} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{Ca} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{Co} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{Co} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{Co} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{Fe} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{K} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{Mg} & \multicol