## 3 Results
### Differences in Physical Performance Variables Based on Maturity Status and Gender
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c c c} \hline
**Maturity Status** & **Early-Maturing** & \(p\)**Values * & **On-Time-Maturing** & \(p\)**Values * & **Late-Maturing** & \(p\)**Values * & \(p\)**Values * \\ \hline
20 m sprint time without the ball (s) & Boys & * 3.96 \(\pm\) 0.37 & 0.025 & 3.53 \(\pm\) 0.34 & 0.074 & * 3.38 \(\pm\) 0.27 \(\dagger\) & 0.001 & 0.001 \\ Girls & 4.12 \(\pm\) 0.38 & & 4.52 \(\pm\) 4.98 & & 3.81 \(\pm\) 0.23 & & 0.304 \\ \hline
20 m sprint time with the ball (s) & Boys & * 4.23 \(\pm\) 0.39 & 0.001 & * 3.85 \(\pm\) 0.40 & 0.001 & * 3.74 \(\pm\) 1.00 \(\dagger\) & 0.001 & 0.001 \\ Girls & 4.62 \(\pm\) 0.44 & & 4.40 \(\pm\) 0.53 & & 4.15 \(\pm\) 0.26 \(\xi\) & & 0.001 \\ \hline Agility test (s) & Boys & * 12.37 \(\pm\) 0.77 & 0.001 & * 11.85 \(\pm\) 1.33 & 0.001 & * 10.91 \(\pm\) 0.86 \(\dagger\) & 0.001 & 0.001 \\ Girls & 13.85 \(\pm\) 1.13 & & 13.27 \(\pm\) 1.32 & & 12.87 \(\pm\) 0.89 \(\xi\) & & 0.001 \\ \hline Flexibility (cm) & Boys & \(-\)2.61 \(\pm\) 8.11 & 0.275 & * \(-\)2.41 \(\pm\) 7.44 & 0.015 & * \(-\)0.09 \(\pm\) 9.88 & 0.008 & 0.122 \\ Girls & \(-\)4.43 \(\pm\) 9.41 & & 0.82 \(\pm\) 9.45 & & 3.29 \(\pm\) 7.82 \(\xi\) & & 0.001 \\ \hline \end{tabular} Note: VO\({}_{\textrm{max}}\): maximum oxygen uptake; MAV: maximum aerobic velocity; SI: squat jump; CMI: counter movement jump; height-S: counter movement jump with arm swing; Power-S: relative power with arm swing. ***: Significant difference between boys and girls in the same age category (\(p\) < 0.05). *+P: Boys: [PERSON]’s test for age category vs. previous age category (\(p\) < 0.05). *Z*: Girls: [PERSON]’s test for age category vs. previous age category (\(p\) < 0.05). \(p\) values *: values of significance in the same maturity status; \(p\) values *: values of significance between maturity status for boys and girls.  
\end{table} 
Table 2: _Cont._ \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c} \hline
**Anthropometric Parameters** & **Gender** & **Chronological Age** & \(p\) \\ \hline Body mass (kg) & Boys & 0.625 & 0.001 \\ Girls & 0.360 & 0.001 \\ Standing height (cm) & Boys & 0.749 & 0.001 \\ Girls & 0.420 & 0.001 \\ Sitting height (cm) & Boys & 0.682 & 0.001 \\ Girls & 0.559 & 0.001 \\ Leg length (cm) & Boys & 0.658 & 0.001 \\ Girls & 0.044 & 0.502 \\ Body mass index (kg:m\({}^{-2}\)) & Boys & 0.159 & 0.014 \\ Girls & 0.238 & 0.001 \\ Fat mass (kg) & Boys & 0.222 & 0.001 \\ Girls & 0.167 & 0.011 \\ Girls & 0.685 & 0.001 \\ Girls & 0.404 & 0.001 \\ Body fat percentage (\%) & Boys & \(-\)0.157 & 0.015 \\ Girls & 0.039 & 0.561 \\ Wingspan (cm) & Boys & 0.692 & 0.001 \\ Girls & 0.301 & 0.001 \\ Leg muscle volume (mL) & Boys & 0.001 & 0.985 \\ Girls & 0.086 & 0.195 \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Coefficients of correlation between anthropometric parameters and chronological age. Anthropometric and Physical Parameters According to Chronological Age and/or Maturity Status Within Each Test Cluster  
MANOVA (multivariate analysis of variance) was used to analyze the differences in anthropometric and performance parameters according to chronological age and/or maturity status within each test cluster. The results of the main and interaction effects, as well as effect sizes (\(\eta^{2}\)), are presented in Tables 3 and 4. The output of the MANOVA indicates that effect sizes (\(\eta^{2}\)) less than 0.06 are considered small effects, those between 0.06 and 0.14 as moderate effects, and those greater than 0.15 as large effects for anthropometric and physical parameters.