## 3 Methodology
### Methodology Description
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**No.** & **SSLs** & **Strategies** & **Source** & **Detailed Description** \\ \hline
1 & SSL-01 & \
\begin{tabular}{c} Applying \\ green technology \\ \end{tabular} & [37] &
\begin{tabular}{c} Using advanced technologies such as AI, IoT, and big data \\ to optimize transportation routes, track goods, and \\ reduce CO\({}_{2}\) emissions. \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline
2 & SSL-02 & \
\begin{tabular}{c} Optimizing supply \\ chain network \\ \end{tabular} & [38] &
\begin{tabular}{c} Build efficient supply chain networks and minimize \\ unnecessary travel distances, thereby saving fuel and \\ reducing carbon emissions. \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline
3 & SSL-03 & \
\begin{tabular}{c} Developing \\ green warehouses \\ \end{tabular} & [39] &
\begin{tabular}{c} Apply measures such as renewable energy systems (solar, \\ wind), improve insulation systems, and use LED lights to \\ reduce energy consumption in warehouses. \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline
4 & SSL-04 &
\begin{tabular}{c} Applying \\ environmentally friendly \\ means of transport \\ \end{tabular} & [40] & Use electric, hybrid, or biofuel vehicles in transportation to \\ reduce polluting emissions. \\ \hline
5 & SSL-05 & \
\begin{tabular}{c} Enhancing waste \\ management \\ \end{tabular} & [41] &
\begin{tabular}{c} Provide processes for waste classification, recycling, and \\ treatment, minimizing waste from logistics activities. \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline
6 & SSL-06 & \
\begin{tabular}{c} Educating employees on \\ sustainable development \\ \end{tabular} & [42] &
\begin{tabular}{c} Increase employee awareness of sustainability processes \\ and strategies and provide training programs on green \\ technology and sustainable management skills. \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline
7 & SSL-07 & \
\begin{tabular}{c} Applying circular \\ economy models \\ \end{tabular} & [43] &
\begin{tabular}{c} Encourage the reuse and recycling of packaging materials, \\ reduce waste, and protect natural resources. \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline
8 & SSL-08 & \
\begin{tabular}{c} Optimizing \\ transport loads \\ \end{tabular} & [44] &
\begin{tabular}{c} Ensure vehicles are always operating at optimal load \\ capacity to minimize the number of trips and save fuel. \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline
9 & SSL-09 & \
\begin{tabular}{c} Using environmentally \\ friendly \\ packaging materials \\ \end{tabular} & [45] &
\begin{tabular}{c} Replace traditional packaging materials with materials that \\ are recyclable, biodegradable, or made \\ from renewable sources. \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline
10 & SSL-10 & \
\begin{tabular}{c} Managing and reducing \\ greenhouse gas emissions \\ \end{tabular} & [46] &
\begin{tabular}{c} Measure, monitor, and develop strategies to reduce \\ greenhouse gas emissions throughout the supply chain. \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline
11 & SSL-11 & \
\begin{tabular}{c} Building green \\ distribution centers \\ \end{tabular} & [47] &
\begin{tabular}{c} Build distribution centers with energy-efficient designs, use \\ green technology, and minimize emissions. \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline
12 & SSL-12 & \
\begin{tabular}{c} Applying energy \\ management systems \\ \end{tabular} & [48] &
\begin{tabular}{c} Comply with international standards on energy \\ management to improve energy efficiency and reduce \\ greenhouse gas emissions. \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline
13 & SSL-13 & \
\begin{tabular}{c} Optimizing transport \\ routes and schedules \\ \end{tabular} & [49] &
\begin{tabular}{c} Use route optimization software to minimize travel \\ distance, thereby reducing fuel consumption and emissions. \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline
14 & SSL-14 & \
\begin{tabular}{c} Promoting the use of \\ collaborative \\ logistics services \\ \end{tabular} & [50] &
\begin{tabular}{c} Cooperate with other logistics businesses to share vehicles, \\ warehouses, and reduce operating costs, reducing \\ traffic on the road. \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline
15 & SSL-15 & \
\begin{tabular}{c} Developing reverse \\ logistics strategies \\ \end{tabular} & [51] &
\begin{tabular}{c} Create efficient processes for handling returned goods, \\ recycling defective products, and reusing components to \\ reduce environmental impact. \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}