# A Blockchain Solution for Remote Sensing Data Management Model
## 1 Introduction  
The application field and direction of remote sensing are more and more extensive. With the development of remote sensing technology, and the rich popularization of remote sensing data, remote sensing has developed from a scientific research technology to a global and popular technology. In 2014, the National Integrated Earth Observation Data Sharing Platform, the core technical facility of China's Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS), realized the interconnection and unified data service of eight satellite centers for the first time [1]. This indicates that the earth observation data sharing in China has entered the stage of social sharing. In the traditional satellite remote sensing industry chain, multiple upstream and downstream data centers often form independent \"data islands\" because they cannot trust each other, which leads to a low degree of trust in data sharing. At the same time, more and more massive data collected by proximity sensors (drones, internet of things sensor networks, open government data, etc.) are being used to assist in real-time and more accurate earth observation. However, the providers of such data are often the owners of untrusted research institutions or start-up companies, and may even be the general public. So, the use of such data could also be damaging. Therefore, it is urgent to solve the problems of mutual trust, data authenticity, and confidentiality among users and institutions in the remote sensing industry chain in remote sensing image data distribution and storage, to strengthen the sharing and interconnection of remote sensing data. Data security sharing is the first major challenge in collaborative network systems. The main problem is that not all participants in the system are willing to share their raw data. To promote earth science data sharing, many countries and organizations have made explorations and attempts. Early attempts through privately negotiated data sharing, remote sensing data in the present earth observation group (GEO), world data system (WDS) and international data of science and technology commission (revealed), and other international institutions, rely mainly on data policy to help earth observation data sharing. Organizations have also set up some centralized data-sharing platforms to provide data services; for example, the geospatial data cloud platform of the Network Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Natural Resources Remote Sensing Cloud service platform of Land Satellite Remote Sensing Application Center of the Ministry of Natural Resources, Remote Sensing Market cloud platform of Remote Sensing Group of Chinese Academy of Sciences [2], the Natural Resources Remote Sensing Cloud service platform of Land Satellite Remote Sensing Application Center of the Ministry of Natural Resources [3], and the Sentinel data of European Space Agency [4]. Although cloud computing has evolved over the years, data security and trusted computing remain major challenges in current cloud computing applications. To solve these problems, many scholars have conducted research and put forward many models, including data integrity testing and secure multi-party computing. However, most solutions face problems, such as an excessive computational complexity or lack of scalability. Moreover, cloud computing is centralized computing; once the central server goes down or other errors occur, the data will be inaccessible, untraceable, and face a great risk of tampering. With the success of Bitcoin, the blockchain technology, as its underlying core technology, has gradually attracted the attention of a large number of scholars, and the blockchain technology has been developing continuously. Blockchain technology [5] is an emerging data sharing and application technology.