## 5 Conclusions  
This study utilizes the Meth-Flame Optimization algorithm to minimize Total Harmonic Distortion in a CHBMILI topology. The algorithm was applied to five- and seven-level CHBMILI topologies, resulting in optimized switching angles. These angles were implemented on a laboratory prototype, achieving both levels' experimental THD values. The experimental THD values were compared against the theoretical ones, leading to a maximum difference of 0.07%. Furthermore, the optimized switching angles and the experimental THD values were compared with those reported in the available literature obtained using different optimization methods. The results indicated that, for the five-level inverter, the THD obtained using the MFO algorithm is superior to that reported in most of the literature, with a percentage difference of up to 1.93%. However, as reported in the literature, the PSO algorithm achieves a better THD value but with a maximum percentage difference of only 0.1%. In the case of the seven-level inverter results, the MFO algorithm demonstrates a superior THD value, exhibiting a maximum percentage difference of 1.9% compared to most optimization algorithms used in the existing literature. Again, the PSO algorithm yields a better THD value; however, the difference from the MFO algorithm is only 0.8%. It is important to remark that most of the THD values reported in the literature were obtained through simu \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Paper** & **Algorithm** & **Angle Values** & **THD** \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{[15]} & \multirow{3}{*}{NR} & \(\theta_{1}=13.06^{\circ}\) & \multirow{3}{*}{12.49\% (Simulation)} \\  & & \(\theta_{2}=26.00^{\circ}\) & & \\  & & \(\theta_{3}=57.00^{\circ}\) & & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{[15]} & \multirow{3}{*}{GA} & \(\theta_{1}=12.00^{\circ}\) & \multirow{3}{*}{11.57\% (Simulation)} \\  & & \(\theta_{2}=26.93^{\circ}\) & & \\  & & \(\theta_{3}=55.49^{\circ}\) & & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{[11]} & \multirow{3}{*}{NR} & \(\theta_{1}=8.00^{\circ}\) & \multirow{3}{*}{11.09\% (Simulation)} \\  & & \(\theta_{2}=30.00^{\circ}\) & & \\  & & \(\theta_{3}=56.00^{\circ}\) & & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{[11]} & \multirow{3}{*}{GA} & \(\theta_{1}=8.08^{\circ}\) & \multirow{3}{*}{10.47\% (Simulation)} \\  & & \(\theta_{2}=28.35^{\circ}\) & & \\  & & \(\theta_{3}=50.18^{\circ}\) & & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{[11]} & \multirow{3}{*}{PSO} & \(\theta_{1}=8.69^{\circ}\) & \multirow{3}{*}{10.42\% (Simulation)} \\  & & \(\theta_{2}=27.89^{\circ}\) & & \\  & & \(\theta_{3}=49.81^{\circ}\) & & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{This paper} & \multirow{3}{*}{MFO} & \(\theta_{1}=8.69^{\circ}\) & \multirow{3}{*}{10.5\% (Experimental)} \\  & & \(\theta_{2}=27.89^{\circ}\) & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & \(\theta_{3}=49.81^{\circ}\) & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 5: Comparison of the literature for the seven-level CHBMILIlation, while the THD obtained in this paper were through a laboratory prototype, where the components of the inverter change the obtained THD in the output voltage waveform. The MFO algorithm can be used in CHBMLI of higher levels, and the relatively limited application of this algorithm in power converters may open opportunities for its use in designing isolated Direct Current to Direct Current converters; this could consider cost, volume, heat sink weight, and thermal resistance. Additionally, it is worth mentioning the relatively few iterations required to achieve reliable results, unlike other optimization methods. Regarding the control tuning of the inverter controllers, the tuning parameters are another optimization problem that can be explored with the MFO algorithm. Conceptualization, A.R.L. and O.A.L.-N.; methodology, M.G.M.-E. and C.A.T.-C.; software, O.A.L.-N.; validation, F.D.J.S.-V. and J.Y.R.-M.; formal analysis, G.O.-T. and R.P.-Z. ; investigation, A.R.L. and M.A.L.-O. ; resources, M.M.-G. and J.G.R. ; writing--original draft preparation, A.R.L. ; writing--review and editing, O.A.L.-N.; visualization, M.R.-M. and J.C.M.-S.; supervision, A.R.L.