# Electrification in Maritime Vessels: Reviewing Storage Solutions and Long-Term Energy Management
## 6 Conclusions
Leading the industry, companies such as Corvus Energy, Leclanche, and EST-Floattech are recognized as top providers of high-quality energy storage solutions within the European maritime sector. Their extensive expertise in developing advanced storage systems for maritime applications demonstrates a solid commitment to enhancing the field, reflecting both innovation and rigorous standards in energy management. These companies provide scalable and modular rack-type battery modules expertly engineered to accommodate various battery room dimensions across various types of vessels. Each module is composed of advanced Li-ion battery cells integrated with a sophisticated battery management system (BMS). This system is crucial for prolonging the battery's lifetime and ensuring peak performance under maritime operating conditions. The design's modularity facilitates customization to specific ship requirements and enhances ease of maintenance and scalability in maritime energy solutions. Future research in battery solutions for energy storage, particularly within the maritime industry, should focus on addressing key challenges such as enhancing the energy density of Li-ion cells to accommodate the increasing demand for storage capacity without significantly increasing the size and weight of the modules. Additionally, improving the longevity and robustness of battery management systems (BMSs) in extreme environmental conditions, such as high humidity and fluctuating temperatures, will be crucial. Long-term energy management solutions must also consider the degradation mechanisms of batteries over time, with a focus on optimizing the charging and discharging cycles to extend battery life. Moreover, integrating advanced predictive algorithms for real-time monitoring and maintenance, coupled with efficient recycling methods for end-of-life batteries, will play a vital role in creating sustainable, long-term maritime energy solutions. Ultimately, the selection of Li-ion battery compositions is determined by specific operational requirements and priorities, as each material presents a distinct profile of benefits and limitations. In the maritime industry, critical factors such as energy density, safety, and longevity are paramount in deciding the optimal battery technology for different types of vessels. These considerations ensure that the chosen battery technology not only meets the energy demands of the vessel but also adheres to rigorous safety standards and delivers a sustainable lifecycle performance, aligning with the industry's operational and environmental objectives. Conceptualization, A.A. and E.B. ; methodology, A.A., B.A. and S.O. ; software, S.O. and B.A; validation, M.G., A.A., B.A. and E.B. ; formal analysis, S.G. and E.B. ; investigation, S.O. ; resources, A.A.; data curation, E.B. ; writing--original draft preparation, S.O. and M.G. ; writing review and editing, E.B. and A.A.; visualization, A.A.; supervision, A.A. and S.G.; project administration, A.A. and S.G.; funding acquisition, A.A and S.G. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. This paper is supported by the European Union's Horizon Europe research and innovation program under grant agreement No 101095863, project FLEXSHIP (Flexible and modular large battery systems for safe on-board integration and operation of electric power, demonstrated in multiple types of ships). The original contributions presented in the study are included in the article, further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding author. The authors acknowledge TUBITAK for the support of this research study. The authors declare no conflict of interest.