## 2 Materials and Methods
### Detecting Learning Styles Using Fuzzy Type 2 Detection Theory
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c} \hline \hline
**Number of Question/Question** & **Response (Possible Value of each Option** \\  & **from 1 to 7)/Learning Style** \\ \hline
1. Which of the following activities do you & (a) Listening to music (auditory) \\ enjoy the most? & (b) Watching movies (visual) \\  & (c) Dancing with good music (kinesthetic) \\ \hline
2. What TV show do you prefer? & (a) Reports of discoveries and places (visual) \\  & (b) Comedy and entertainment (kinesthetic) \\  & (c) World news (auditory) \\ \hline
3. When you chat with another person: & (a) You listen carefully (auditory) \\  & (b) You watch her (visual) \\  & (c) You tend to touch her (kinesthetic) \\ \hline
4. If you could purchase one of the following & (a) A jacuzzi (kinesthetic) \\   items, which would you choose? & (b) A stereo (auditory) \\  & (c) A television (visual) \\ \hline
5. What do you prefer to do on a Saturday & (a) Stay home (kinesthetic) \\   afternoon? & (b) Go to a concert (auditory) \\  & (c) Go to the movies (visual) \\ \hline
6. What kinds of exams are easier for you? & (a) Oral examination (auditory) \\  & (b) Written exam (visual) \\  & (c) Multiple choice exam (kinesthetic) \\ \hline
7. How do you find your bearings more easily? & (a) By using a map (visual) \\  & (b) Asking for directions (auditory) \\  & (c) Through intuition (kinesthetic) \\ \hline
8. How do you prefer to spend your time in a & (a) Thinking (auditory) \\   resting place? & (b) Walking around (visual) \\  & (c) Resting (kinesthetic) \\ \hline
9. What flatters you the most? & (a) Being told that you look good (visual) \\  & (b) Letting them tell you that you have a very \\  & nice treatment (kinesthetic) \\  & (c) Being told that you have an interesting \\  & conversation (auditory) \\ \hline
10. Which of these environments attracts you & (a) One in which you feel a pleasant climate \\  & (kinesthetic) \\   the most? & (b) One in which the waves of the sea can be \\  & (c) One with a beautiful ocean view (visual) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Sample of questions used for detecting learning styles [37]. Figure 7: The possible values for each question (from 1 to 7). For example, suppose question 1 is evaluated, and the auditive learning style is being assessed (Listening to music). In that case, the fuzzy stimuli value is high (S), and the expected response is also high (R). Still, if question 39 is evaluated (when you are in the city, what do you miss most about the country? ), the stimuli and fuzzy response value are low because it is not a direct question about auditive stimuli like question 1. Thus, in this case, the stimuli and response are low. Each question is assigned a fuzzy value for the signal (stimuli) and the response value. Those values are from 0 to 1. On the other hand, conventional signal detection theory provides only two possible values, 1 or 0. Next, a confusion table of each learning style can be calculated for each student to achieve a tailored program based on more than one learning style (Table 3) using the membership values (Figure 4). According to the received stimulus, the response generated can fall into the following categories: visual, auditory, or kinesthetic. This would be valid for crisp values 0 and 1 in signal detection theory. If fuzzy logic detection theory is used, it is possible to get membership values between 0 and 1.