## 2 Literature Review  
Accessibility in cities has been studied more intensively in recent times at various scales, with the aim of avoiding the fragmentation of urban connections across the territory. This focus seeks to create more integrated urban environments, where all areas are easily accessible, regardless of the physical, social, or economic barriers that may exist. Improving accessibility ensures that people can move freely within the city, thus enhancing overall mobility and fostering a more inclusive urban landscape [5]. One of the groups most affected by the lack of accessibility is pedestrians, who experience the \"barrier effect\" in the built environment due to high vehicular traffic and the lack of pedestrian facilities, among other factors. This situation often leads to increased difficulty in moving safely and efficiently within urban spaces, causing frustration and discouraging walking as a viable mode of transportation. The absence of proper pedestrian infrastructure can create significant obstacles for people, particularly those with reduced mobility, children, and the elderly, thus hindering their ability to fully participate in urban life [6]. Accessibility greatly impacts pedestrians due to their role as both residents and public transport users, where elements such as pedestrian crossings, sidewalks, and other infrastructure are essential to provide connectivity. These elements play a critical role in ensuring that pedestrians can move safely and efficiently within urban mobility, linking different modes of transport and various areas of the city. When these elements are lacking or poorly designed, it not only hampers pedestrian movement but also limits the overall effectiveness of public transportation systems, making it more difficult for users to navigate and access services [7]. It is for this reason that new approaches are needed to prevent the fragmentation of mobility and prioritize pedestrians, as they are the most vulnerable in urban mobility [8]. Accessibility in urban mobility is a fundamental concept to ensure that all people, regardless of their physical abilities or characteristics, have the opportunity to fully use and enjoy the urban environment, including the access points to public transport [3]. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), accessibility is defined as \"the characteristic that environments, products, goods, services, and technologies must have in order to be understandable, usable, and practical for all people in conditions of safety and comfort, autonomously and naturally\" [9]. This definition highlights the importance of removing physical and social barriers that may limit people's full participation in society. In this sense, accessibility is based on the principle of design for all, which involves creating environments and services that can be used by as many people as possible, without the need for special adaptations or modifications [10]. The importance of pedestrian access points in urban mobility is undeniable. Their proper design and planning contribute to inclusion, efficiency, and safety in public transport. As urban planner [PERSON] mentions, \"_Good pedestrian mobility is a vital component of sustainable urban life. Well-designed and accessible pedestrian spaces are essential to promote safe and active mobility in cities\"_. This quote emphasizes how integral pedestrian-friendly infrastructure is to creating vibrant, sustainable, and inclusive urban environments. Well-designed pedestrian access points not only ensure a smoother connection between different modes of transport but also play a crucial role in enhancing the quality of life for residents and visitors alike [11]. In Transit-Oriented Development (TOD), accessibility is crucial for reducing social and economic inequalities in areas around public transportation stations. TOD promotes sustainable urban growth and reduces car dependency by creating high-density, mixed-use communities near transit hubs, enhancing access to housing, services, and employment.