## 1 Introduction  
Although the etiology of idiopathic scoliosis (IS) is considered to be multifactorial, involving the influences of pathologies related to the musculoskeletal system, developmental and genetic factors, nutritional deficiencies, early exposure to toxins, and hormonal dysregulation [1], neuropathological mechanisms occurring at the level of the brain and spinal cord may trigger or enhance the spine curvature progression and related neurological deficits [2]. The development of pathological lateral curvature and axial rotation of the spine during ontogenesis in patients with IS affects the anatomical relationships of the spinal cord in the vertebral canal, primarily leading to abnormalities in the activity of gray matter nerve centers and the transmission of afferent and efferent impulses in the axons of white matter funciuli [3; 4]. The incidence of spinal cord pathology in pediatric patients with scoliosis has been reported to be frequently detected, even reaching 20%, with preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrating various intraspinal abnormalities [5; 6]. Disorders in the conduction of neural impulses within the spinal ventral roots may lead to the development of neuropathy in the peripheral nervous system and, finally, to neurogenic changes in the muscular system as symptoms of secondary changes originating from IS [4]. Clinical neurophysiology diagnostics have proven the high incidence of the mentioned abnormalities before treatment and the axonal-type injury symptoms in peroneal motor fibers, which postoperatively improved on the concave side of IS in parallel with the lumbar ventral root neural motor conduction [7]. Although these pathologies can be considered subclinical, surgical intervention restores the proper relations between the lumbar ventral roots in the central spinal canal and symptoms resembling their decompression. In the majority of IS patients, kinesotherapeutic treatment [8; 9] and bracing [10; 11; 12; 13] for improving their body posture provide only partial benefits for slowing down the progression of the pathological curvature. [PERSON] et al. [14; 15] concluded the necessity for surgical intervention in IS patients with a primary Cobb angle of 40-45 degrees, where a fast worsening of the pathology is expected. This supports the data from the studies by [PERSON] et al. [16] and [PERSON] et al. [9], which indicated that 47% of patients were brace-eligible when the primary IS curvature ranged within 20-45 degrees, and 21% were candidates for surgical correction with Cobb angles of more than 45 degrees. The surgical posterior and anterior approaches for IS curvature correction, aiming at selective thoracolumbar fusions, are successfully realized. A three-dimensional symmetry of the affected spine while minimizing the number of fused levels is the purpose of surgical treatment [17]. Another fundamental aspect of surgical IS treatment is the restoration of sagittal balance. Back pain, disc-root conflicts, and progressive degenerative disk disorder may be the consequences of the non-treated disease [18]. The surgical correction of IS includes many procedures, during which the spinal cord, nerve roots, and key blood vessels are exposed to a risk of compromise or injury. The current data indicate that in 6.3% of patients, neurologic complications may appear due to various mechanisms, including indirect or direct trauma to the spinal cord, ischemia, or stretching during IS deformity correction [19]. Intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) provides a safe and useful warning to minimize the neurological risks in pediatric surgeries [20]. In patients with scoliosis, clinical assessment, including classical X-ray and neuroimaging, is a routine examination performed pre- and postoperatively [21; 22], rarely in a long-term follow-up [23; 24], aimed at indicating the validity of the surgical procedure and observing its effects in relation to the biomechanical and aesthetic features of the spine. In some cases, it influences the decision to perform a reoperation.