## 3 Results and Discussion
The oxygen ion conductivities in the YSZ should be effectively activated during aluminum smelting within the range of 750-1000 \({}^{\circ}\)C [12]. Figure 8: The surface temperature distribution on the yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) lattices simulated by the finite element method (FEM). Displayed red and orange contours indicate high and low-temperature distributions transferred for the molten salt flowing and filling the sterically propagated 12-coordinated lattices. Figure 7: The surface pressure distribution on the yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) lattices simulated using the finite element method (FEM). Displayed yellow and blue contours indicate high and low-pressure loads applied from the molten salt, permeating and moving between the sterically propagated 12-coordinated lattices. For the mixing and dispersing processes of the YSZ nanoparticles in the acrylic resin, the volume fractions were increased in a stepwise manner from 10, 20, 30, 40, to 50%. The obtained paste viscosities were increased according to the particle volume fractions, and the clayey flowabilities were greater than 40% in the volume fraction. The paste composition was systematically optimized and maximized at a particle volume fraction of 40% to realize smooth spreading during the STL-AM. Kinematic viscosities were measured after the mechanical mixing. The rheological profiles were saturated at above 15 min in the total process time. The kinematic viscosities exhibited similar rheological profiles because the paste material stood for several hours. The optimally prepared paste material ensured stable and continuous operations during the STL-AM. The numerical variations of the curing depths and part accuracies were measured according to the laser irradiation power, as shown in Figure 4:0 In the systematic optimizations of the lithographic conditions to create the film specimens, as shown in Figure 9, the curing depth equal to the layer thickness gradually increased according to the irradiation power, and the part accuracies were estimated from the hole diameters via optical scattering by the dispersed nanoparticles. Considering the beam focal diameter of 50 \(\upmu\)m as the drawing tolerance for the horizontal directions, the stacking interval used during the STL-AM was defined at 50 \(\upmu\)m as the stacking tolerance for vertical directions. Using experimental results from previous investigations, the irradiation power was set to 150 mW, corresponding to a curing depth of 75 \(\upmu\)m, and layer laminations with an interval of 50 \(\upmu\)m were realized through rigid interlayer bonding [13]. Under the selected conditions, the surplus width reached 65 \(\upmu\)m. The laser beam spot was sifted at 65 \(\upmu\)m in the inner area of the drawing patterns to offset the surplus width. The acryl lattice with the YSZ nanoparticles fabricated by STL-AM is shown in Figure 4:1 In this case, 12 coordination lattices were formed according to the designed model. The sintered lattice of the solid electrolyte was obtained by heat treatments in air. Through the digital measurements of the nodal point distances and lattice diameters in the DOM observations, the linear and volumetric shrinkages after dewaxing and sintering were estimated to be 25% and 60%, respectively. These shrinkage ratios were fed back into the model designs to obtain the intended geometries. The improved part accuracy was eventually achieved at \(\pm\)10 \(\upmu\)m. The cross-section of the YSZ lattice was observed by SEM,  
Figure 4:2 The numerical variations of the curing depths and dimensional tolerances according to the irradiation powers in laser drawing. Correlation graphs were obtained from the systematic measurements using the resin pastes with the yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) particles. as shown in Figure 4:3 A fine ceramic structure was obtained without microcracks or pores. The relative density was determined to be 99.5%. In the previous study, YSZ electrodes with planar surfaces were utilized to realize oxygen adsorption in the molten salts [14].