## 4 Simulation Study
### Effect of the Installation Height  
In this subsection, we will analyze the impact of surveillance camera installation height on the overall performance of the surveillance camera system. The simulation evaluated four different installation heights, which are 5 m, 10 m, 15 m, and 20 m. Figure 9(a) showcases the surveillance camera system's performance, \(T_{suc}\), as a function of the installation height. It is evident from Figure 9(a) that the higher the installation height of surveillance cameras, the longer the detection time. For instance, if the number of cameras is increased from 10 to 500, \(T_{suc}\) at the height of 5 m increases from 8.2 s to 257.1 s. Similarly, at 10 m, \(T_{suc}\) increases from 58.3 s to 574.2 s; at 15 m, \(T_{suc}\) increases from 133.2 s to 598.6 s. Finally, at 20 m, \(T_{suc}\) increases from 191.3 s to 599.2 s.  
Comparing the heights of 5 m and 20 m, the difference in detection time ranges from approximately 2.2- to 23.5-fold higher, respectively. By adjusting the installation height  
Figure 10: Performance analysis of the surveillance system according to installation height in terms of (**a**) detection time and (**b**) surveillance resolution.  
of surveillance cameras, it is possible to achieve an acceptable performance concerning \(T_{suc}\) with a lower camera density. For instance, if the camera height is set to 20 m, the pedestrian detection time is 96.4% of the total simulation time with only 150 cameras. This highlights the importance of the installation height of surveillance cameras in enhancing the performance of surveillance camera systems.  
To summarize, the simulation results indicate that the installation height of surveillance cameras can significantly impact the \(T_{suc}\) of the system. As the height of the surveillance cameras is increased, \(T_{suc}\) also increases, leading to a longer detection time. Hence, adjusting the installation height of surveillance cameras to achieve an acceptable performance concerning \(T_{suc}\) with a lower camera density is crucial.  
The height of surveillance cameras plays a crucial role in the detection and identification of objects. Notably, the surveillance resolution of detected objects tends to decrease as the height of surveillance cameras increases. Therefore, it is essential to ensure that the surveillance resolution does not fall below a specific level to avoid any difficulty in detection or identification.  
Figure 10b showcases the surveillance resolution value per ms based on the installation height of surveillance cameras and the number of cameras. Upon analyzing the data, it is evident that at a height of 5 m, the surveillance resolution per ms increases from 55.98 to 87.32 kilopixels/ms. Similarly, at 10 m, the surveillance resolution per ms rises from 9.74 to 36.13 kilopixels/ms, while at 15 m, it increases from 4.47 to 21.76 kilopixels/ms.  
Moreover, at 20 m, the surveillance resolution per ms increases from 3.14 to 14.89 kilopixels/ms. The data reveal that increasing the installation height of surveillance cameras can lead to a decrease in the surveillance resolution per ms at 10 m, 15 m, and 20 m to 17.4%, 8.0%, and 5.6%, respectively, of the spatial resolution per ms at 5 m.  
In conclusion, it is essential to maintain the optimal height of surveillance cameras to ensure effective detection and identification of objects. The data presented in Figure 10b can provide an insight into determining the appropriate installation height of surveillance cameras, keeping in mind the number of cameras and surveillance resolution per ms. It is crucial to note that the surveillance resolution per ms is a critical factor that should not be overlooked when installing surveillance cameras.