## 3 AR Geography Applications
### AR App for 6 th Grade: Earth as a Living Space for Humans  
The second AR app is designed and developed for the sixth grade of Greek primary school and focuses more on learning the popularity, density, etc., of the Earth. The introductory screen includes a play button that leads to the main menu consisting of four more buttons, each one corresponding to a specific chapter of the textbook (Figure 10). In the main menu, there is also a back button (arrow) at the top right of the screen that closes the menu and returns to the introductory screen. This AR app uses both interactive and non-interactive activities where the pupil has to unravel by scanning images from the textbook. The first game represents the chapter \"Earth as a Celestial Body\" and contains three different activities/mini games. Firstly, in every activity/mini game apart from the navigation menu (on the top left) of the screen, which helps the pupil to navigate into the application, there is an info button on the top right that indicates which images of the  
Figure 10: Introductory screen (**left**) and Main Menu (**right**). Figure 9: The game “Geographical distribution of the population”. textbook have to be scanned to reveal the AR content (Figure 11). Therefore, in the first activity, the camera is activated, and the pupil scans the target image. Then, a video of the rotation of the Earth is presented. There is also a 3D clipboard that has information about the Earth, such as the shape, movement, and duration of both the planet's rotation and orbit around the Sun, etc. This AR activity is not interactive. In the second activity (Figure 12), the pupil scans the corresponding image and the Earth's orbit around the Sun in 3D appears. The pupil can move around and watch the Earth orbiting around the Sun. Like the previous video, this is also not interactive. The third mini game refers to the position of the planets of the solar system (Figure 13). When the image is scanned, a message pops up mentioning the instructions of the game. The 3D model of the Sun, along with a shelf that contains all the planets, appears in front of the pupil. The goal of the mini game is to choose the correct planet from the closest to the farthest from the Sun. Whenever a correct planet is selected, the 3D model of this planet disappears from the shelf and slowly appears orbiting around the sun. According to the number of right or wrong choices, the mini game keeps a score. After all the planets have been chosen in the correct order, a message pops up with the final score. Then, the shelf disappears, leaving on the screen the Sun and the eight planets orbiting around it. Figure 11: The activity “Earth Video with Clipboard” of the game “Earth as a Celestial Body” (**left**) and the navigation menu (**right**). Figure 12: The activity “Earth’s orbit around Sun” of the game “Earth as a Celestial Body”. The second game refers to the chapter \"Natural Environment\" and includes two mini-games. In the first mini game, after scanning the appropriate image, the 3D model of the world map appears, consisting of different colors on each ocean so that they stand out (Figure 14). Additionally, the ship is the travel method for this game, which stands at a platform (port). The goal of this game is that the pupil learns the locations of the oceans and some interesting facts about each one of them. First, the pupil must choose the destination from a dropdown list. The options are Pacific East, Pacific West, Atlantic, Indian, and Arctic. Then, by clicking the travel button, which is next to the dropdown list, the ship starts sailing towards the destination that is  
Figure 14: The mini game “Ocean” of the game “Natural Environment”. Figure 13: The mini game “Orbit of planets around Sun” of the game “Earth as a Celestial Body”. chosen by the pupil. When the ship reaches the desired destination, a panel shows up with information about this ocean.