## 2 Data
### The EIA Big Data  
An EIA Big Data database was created in 2007 from the EIA results for major development projects [33]. The database provides the location where the data were measured, and attribute information, such as project information, measurement time, and measurement value. The EIA Big Data used in the current study consisted of 25 air quality-related measurements, two noise-related measurements, 64 water and marine quality-related measurements, 23 odor-related measurements, and 21 soil quality-related measurements. Each sub-dataset was measured before and after the development project, and, for each project, multiple measurement results could exist depending on the measurement location, time, and frequency [33]. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Criteria** & **Sub-Criteria** & **Indicator** & **Equation** & **Weight** \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{Ecological aspect} & \multirow{3}{*}{Ecosystem conservation} & \multirow{3}{*}{Phytomass} & Phytomass before and after development & \multirow{3}{*}{0.074} \\  & & & Ratio of green naturality over 6 grades & 6 grades before and after development & \multirow{3}{*}{0.139} \\  & & & & \\ \cline{2-4}  & \multirow{2}{*}{Ecosystem conservation} & \multirow{2}{*}{Degree of green naturality over 6 grades} & Ratio of total earthwork volume and development area & \multirow{2}{*}{\(-\)0.013} \\  & & & Ratio of green belt area before and after development & \multirow{2}{*}{0.040} \\  & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{Lond water conservation} & \multirow{3}{*}{Lond water conservation} & Rainwater storage basin & \begin{tabular}{c} (Settling basin + detention \\ pond)/development area \\ \end{tabular} & \multirow{3}{*}{0.011} \\  & & & & \\ \cline{2-4}  & \multirow{2}{*}{Wastewater treatment} & Capacity of wastewater treatment/(settled population + full-time employment) & \multirow{2}{*}{0.035} \\  & & & & \\ \cline{2-4}  & \multirow{2}{*}{Waste generation} & \multirow{2}{*}{Amount of waste} & \begin{tabular}{c} Amount of waste during \\ development and operation \\ time/development area \\ \end{tabular} & \multirow{2}{*}{\(-\)0.033} \\  & & & & \\ \cline{2-4}  & \multirow{2}{*}{Minimize fossil fuel use} & \multirow{2}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} Greenhouse gas \\ emissions \\ \end{tabular} } & \begin{tabular}{c} Amount of greenhouse gas \\ emission during development \\ and operation \\ time/development area \\ \end{tabular} & \multirow{2}{*}{\(-\)0.020} \\  & & & & \\ \cline{2-4}  & \multirow{2}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} Amount of net \\ production \\ \end{tabular} } & \
\begin{tabular}{c} Ratio of net production \\ amount before and after \\ development \\ \end{tabular} & \multirow{2}{*}{0.009} \\  & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{Amenity aspect} & \multirow{3}{*}{Resident protection} & Noise pollution &
\begin{tabular}{c} Number of calmness \\ facility/development area \\ \end{tabular} & \multirow{2}{*}{\(-\)0.035} \\  & & & & \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{3-5}  & \multirow{2}{*}{Resident protection} & Atmospheric environmental material emissions & Emissions during operating \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{3-5}  & & & \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{3-5}  & & & \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{3-5}  & & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Indicators, equations and weights for calculating traditional KEI’s environmental index for development projects (KEIDP) (translated from Korean to English). This study used EIA Big Data for 611 development projects, for which an EIA had been completed more than four years before and after the project. Figure 1 shows the temporal distribution of the development projects used in this study. The x-axis of the figure is the year in which the EIA was conducted before the project. There were EIA Big Data available for more than 35 projects every year, except for 2016. In 2016, there were fewer projects available because, for many projects, no post-project EIA had yet been completed.