# Analysis and Prospects of an Antarctic Krill Detection Experiment Using Drifting Sonar [PERSON]
## 4 Discussion
### Analysis of the Advantages and Disadvantages of Buoys  
Our team use drifting sonar buoy detection of Antarctic krill, which is a new attempt. The experimental results indicate that the buoys have potential for Antarctic krill detection, offering a new solution for the analysis and assessment of krill stock and species. Compared to using research vessels for marine resource detection [4; 44], sonar buoys have the following advantages and disadvantages outlined in Table 1[45; 46]. Below, the advantages and disadvantages of floating buoys are detailed. The advantages of using buoy detection are outlined below:  
* Low cost: The design of krill buoys is compact and simple; the manufacturing cost of a single buoy is only around USD 300, which is extremely low compared to the several hundred thousand dollars required for a single voyage of a survey vessel. This makes the manufacturing and maintenance costs of buoys very economical. * Saves manpower: Compared to survey vessels which require crews of dozens who spend extended periods at sea, sonobuoys demand far fewer personnel. Most buoys can be deployed or retrieved alongside research ships or local fishing vessels when they reach specific locations. Sonobuoys are small and easy to transport. Even if specialized ships are needed for their deployment and retrieval, there are no stringent requirements regarding the size of the ships or the number of crew members. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline  & **Buoy** & **Exploration Ship** \\ \hline \multirow{5}{*}{pros} & Low cost & Advanced detection equipment \\  & Saves manpower & Defined detection area \\  & Wide coverage & High detection accuracy \\  & Continuous monitoring & Wide range of activity \\  & Real-time monitoring & exploratory fishing \\ \hline \multirow{5}{*}{cons} & Limited data accuracy & High cost \\  & High data transmission cost & Consumes manpower \\ \cline{1-1}  & Limited depth coverage & Affects ecological balance \\ \cline{1-1}  & Possible ecological disturbance & Affected by bad weather \\ \cline{1-1}  & Random detection locations & Restrictions due to regulations and policies \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Comparison of the advantages and disadvantages of buoys and exploration ship. * Wide coverage: In krill detection, sonar buoys rely on multiple units working in concert across various marine regions. Due to their small size, low cost, and strong environmental adaptability, they can be deployed extensively. Essentially, any area accessible by ships can be covered by sonar buoy detection. * Continuous monitoring: Another significant advantage of sonar buoys is continuous monitoring. Unlike survey vessels, which require resupply and crew rest and thus cannot operate year-round, sonar buoys leverage the traditional buoy's benefits. They are stable, durable, and capable of enduring sea conditions to provide uninterrupted data collection. * Real-time monitoring: Real-time monitoring is another advantage of sonar buoys. Thanks to PC software design, users can control the buoy's dynamics in real time and issue data collection commands, allowing for on-demand, real-time detection as per the user's requirements. The disadvantages of using buoy detection are outlined below. * Limited data accuracy: Compared to the large equipment on survey vessels, sonar buoys inevitably have reduced data collection precision, which may not meet the requirements for high-precision detection. However, as sonar technology advances and devices become more compact, higher precision sonar equipment may also be used in sonar buoys in the future. * High data transmission cost: Traditional krill detection methods involve the physical storage of data, whereas sonar buoys transmit data via satellite, making data acquisition more costly compared to traditional methods. Therefore, it is necessary to control the frequency of detection and the amount of data transmitted to reduce transmission costs.