# Applying Process Mining: The Reality of a Software Development SME
## 2 Related Work  
The application of Process Mining in the context of the SMEs is particularly relevant. [PERSON] et al. [1] propose the Workaround Identification, Classification, and Evaluation (WICE) method for the organizational impact of workarounds in SMEs using Process Mining. WICE was implemented in a case study of a European SME where some workaround indicators were identified by applying the perspectives of control flow (single event, dead-locks, lacking or low number of event logs for an activity, activity or decision not mentioned in design), organizational (resources not present, resources not mentioned in the process design, resource over- or under-utilization, resources not used for assigned activity), and time (process time-out, fast/slow processing time, short/long response time, fast successive event inflow/outflow). [PERSON] et al. [1] exposed the difficulty of defining the process due to the lack of documentation related to the processes and that not all of the process was implemented in a system; this is a common problem among SMEs. Additionally, it is mentioned that Process Mining represents a complexity for SMEs because its implementation may seem more feasible due to their relatively small and manageable processes, but formal process designs related to the process may not be profitable for SMEs. Finally, it is mentioned that the extraction of data by Process Mining is limited by the records in the system. [PERSON] et al. [5] present a case study on the application of Process Mining in a German information technology SME, with the aim of identifying specific challenges that SMEs face when implementing Process Mining. The results reveal 13 specific challenges for SMEs and propose seven guidelines to address them. This study contributes to the understanding of the application of Process Mining in SMEs and shows similarities and differences with larger companies. The study highlights the importance of considering the specific characteristics of SMEs and provides practical recommendations to address the identified challenges. In [18], an approach is presented to improve Software Development Methodologies (SDM) activities by combining two sources of data: stakeholders' perceptions of SDM and the application of Process Mining with PM2 methodology to records stored in software development tools. The approach was evaluated through a case study in an Austrian software development SME that uses Scrum as an agile methodology and Jira as a task-tracking system for its developers. Jira is an issue-tracking and project management tool widely used in the software industry. It was specified that data collection involved interviews with management, direct observation of their workday, surveys of all developers working on the observed project, and collection of corresponding Jira event records. They also note that due to the variability of software development tool records, it is not possible to define a step-by-step procedure for analyzing them. On the other hand, [PERSON] [19] conducted a systematic literature review on Mining Software Repositories (MSR) where 146 studies were identified. It was found that MSR studies often do not follow a systematic approach for repository selection, and many do not report on selection or data extraction protocols. It was determined that the selection of a repository is determined by the type of data that needs to be collected; for example, error data will require selecting repositories such as Jira or Bugzilla, while version control data could be directed to GitHub, Azure or BitBucket. Additionally, the paper mentions limited API data as a peril. Further, the use of process mining software tools is important; in [20], a comparative analysis methodology was employed for a supply chain SME in order to evaluate five Process Mining software tools (Apromore Community Edition, ProM, Celonis, mlynvenio, and Disco) through eleven specific criteria to identify the tool that best suits the needs of the SME.