## 3 Results and Discussion
The better retention of carotenoids with \(\beta\)-CDs can be explained by their ability to rapidly replace the water molecules inside the ring with non-polar molecules that have a higher affinity for the CDs. This process of forming the host-guest inclusion complexes is thermodynamically advantageous [49]. Moreover, \(\beta\)-CD was added in a larger proportion compared to other carriers, and the time required for the formation of a surface crust during the initial drying process decreases with increasing solid concentration in the feed solution, and the formed crust is not permeable to compounds and protects the BAM from oxidation [50; 51]. \(\beta\)-cryptoxanthin and lutein di-myristate showed poorer stability during SD with \(\beta\)-CD, and their loss was more than 50%. Zaxanthin-palmitate-myristate losses were similar for all encapsulated oils and amounted to less than 30%. On the other hand, the highest losses in carotenoids were observed when GA carrier was used, namely, \(\beta\)-cryptoxanthin, cis \(\gamma\)-carotene, \(\beta\)-carotene, zeaxanthin-myristate, lutein-palmitate, zeaxanthin-panmitate, lutein di-palmitate, and lutein-palmitate-stearate. GA in combination with another carrier shows better encapsulation properties; therefore, the mixture of GA and \(\beta\)-CD contributed to a lower loss of the mentioned compounds. Similar studies showed better properties of GA in combination with other carriers such as maltodextrin [52; 53]. The choice of carrier material and the structural properties of the pigments influence the stability of the carotenoids during encapsulation [54]. The carotenoid pigments are responsible for the color of the SBO powders, and an analysis of the color parameters was performed according to the CIELab color system. The mean values of the parameters L*, a*, b*, H*, and C* for each carrier were compared, and the results are shown in Table 3.  
Similar values were determined for the parameter L*; 86.53 for the powder spray dried with GA, 88.51 for the powder with CD and 87.05 for the powder spray dried with mixture of GA and \(\beta\)-CD (1:1). The color parameter L* indicates the brightness of the powder (100 = light to 0 = black), and since the color of the SBO is orange-red, an orange-yellow color of the powder was preferred. A positive a* value indicates a higher proportion of red in the powder, while a negative a* value indicates a higher proportion of green. All powders had a positive value for the a* parameter; 11.26 powders spray dried with GA, 11.25 for \(\beta\)-CD and 12.44 powders spray dried with a mixture of GA and \(\beta\)-CD, indicating that the red color dominated in the powders. A positive value of the color parameter b* indicate a yellow color, and negative values indicate a blue color. For all powders, the values of the parameter b* were positive (43.98 for GA, 38.56 for \(\beta\)-CD, and 42.19 for the mixture of GA and \(\beta\)-CD, respectively), indicating the yellow color of the powders. The hue (H) parameter is described as a rainbow or spectrum of colors; the H values 0\({}^{\circ}\) or 360\({}^{\circ}\) correspond to the red color tone, yellow corresponds to 90\({}^{\circ}\), blue-green 180\({}^{\circ}\), and blue 270\({}^{\circ}\). According to the H* values obtained, yellow color tones predominate in the SBO powders (75.67 for GA, 73.77 for \(\beta\)-CD, and 73.58 for the mixture of GA and \(\beta\)-CD carriers). The values of the color parameter C* (chroma,) which indicates the intensity of the color in SBO powders, were 42.26 for GA, 40.17 for \(\beta\)-CD, and 50.21 for the mixture of GA and \(\beta\)-CD. Heat treatment may lead to the degradation and isomerization of the carotenoids, which would reduce the yellow color of the samples [55]. Statistical analysis showed no significant difference (\(p>0.05\)) in color parameters between powders obtained with different carriers, although significantly higher concentrations of pigments responsible for the color were detected in powders with \(\beta\)-CD.