## 4 Results and Discussion
### Phase 6--Development of Geographical Maps of Economic Benefits
#### 4.6.1 Convenience Maps  
With reference to each urban area in which each provincial capital is divided--central, semi-central, and peripheral--for each Italian region the convenience maps have been developed by taking into account the value surplus between the post-energy intervention and ante-energy intervention situations detected for each urban area. In particular, the effects of the energy intervention in terms of variation on housing prices have been represented by a color gradient, where the darker shades have been used for the provincial capitals for which the highest differential has been detected and the lighter shades for the provincial capitals with the lowest differentials. For each urban area of the provincial capitals considered, in the maps the value differential is calculated without the use of the Superbonus mechanism (i.e., subtracting the costs of the project borne by the private subjects) and the value differential by assuming the redevelopment intervention with the Superbonus incentive (i.e., considering that all project costs are supported by public funding) is reported. Thereby, the evaluation of the convenience of the energy retrofit initiative without or with the fiscal measure has been performed. For example, in Figure 3 the convenience maps defined for the Piemonte region are shown. Furthermore, in Figures S1-S19 reported in Supplementary File, the convenience maps developed for each urban area of the Italian provincial capitals located in the remaining nineteen regions are reported. The goal of the proposed maps concerns the identification of the provincial capital's urban areas, for which a higher convenience for both public and private subjects to implement energy improvement intervention has been observed. Firstly, it should be pointed out that the market value differentials calculated in the situation in which the Superbonus incentive is used, i.e., considering that all the intervention costs are supported by public funding, have attested the total convenience for private investor (=100% of the provincial capitals considered). Figure 3: Convenience maps defined for the urban areas of the provincial capitals located in Piemonte region. The results obtained have highlighted that, in the situation in which the costs of energy improvement are included in the value differential calculation and, therefore, the intervention is carried out without the Superbonus incentive, for the central areas of the provincial capitals located in the North-Western Italy macro-area (regions of Valle d'Aosta, Liguria, Lombardia, and Piemonte), a total investment convenience has been found. For the Piemonte region, for three of the eight total provincial capitals, the convenience of carrying out the investment in terms of value surplus between the ante and post-energy intervention situations has been recorded. By analyzing the outputs for the semi-central area and by considering the costs of energy improvement, the investment is convenient for all the provincial capitals of the Valle d'Aosta region, for half of the cities located in the Liguria region (two out of four), and for eight provincial capitals of the Lombardia region, compared to twelve in total and none for the provincial capital of Piemonte. With reference to the peripheral areas of the provincial capitals of North-Western Italy macro-area, the energy retrofit initiatives determine benefits for the private operators in all provincial capitals of the Valle d'Aosta, in only one provincial capital of the four ones located in Liguria region, in four out of twelve provincial capitals of the Lombardia region, and in none cities among those considered in Piemonte.