## 7 Discussion  
The study aims to propose an efficient way to rank and choose the most suitable mobile learning platform by integrating risk analysis and multi-criteria decision-making  
Figure 17: GRA-FMEA-FAHP. Figure 18: Comparison of Different Methods. methods to remedy the difficulty of selecting an adequate mobile learning platform among many that are available. The proposed method uses unique, integrated risk analysis and multi-criteria decision-making approaches to overcome the shortcomings of the traditional FMEA approach. An integrated FMEA-GRA-FAHP method which is a combination of risk analysis and multi-criteria decision-making method for the suitability of mobile learning platforms. The initial implementation of grey relational analysis involved assuming that risk factors carried equal weights. In the subsequent application, distinct weights were assigned to risk factors through the utilization of Fuzzy AHP, as determined by evaluations from experts. This represents a significant advancement in the realm of failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA), as the introduction of varied weights through Fuzzy AHP introduces a novel approach to the FMEA methodology. This study aims to employ a multi-criteria method such as FMEA-GRA-FAHP to evaluate and rank the five selected MLPs. Furthermore, the study adopts the technical usability requirements concerning the ISO/IEC 9126 model to generate a suitable framework for the effective evaluation of the selected MLPs using such techniques. It was found that EdX, with a grey RPN of 19.0023, is the most reliable based on the quality evaluation process carried out in this research. Khan Academy is the 2 nd in place with a grey RPN of 19.4994. For example, studies employing VIKOR, Analytical Network Process (ANP) have also found that platforms like EdX and Khan Academy consistently rank highly in terms of user satisfaction, hence usability and reliability, which is in alignment with the study findings [51; 52; 53]. Duolingo was third in place with an RPN value of 22.91, followed by SoloLearn with an RPN value of 25.10. Plural sight is ranked the lowest, considering the grey RPN value. According to the results, mobile learning platforms with higher grey RPN values are found to be less reliable and demonstrate highly significant risks or lower performance in certain criteria. In this case, Pluralsight, with the highest RPN, ranks the lowest, suggesting more potential risks exist as compared to the other platforms. Our study introduces the concept of risk analysis through FMEA, which has led to a few notable differences in ranking compared to other studies that emphasize user satisfaction alone. Meanwhile, Pluralsight, highly rated in terms of content quality employing the FAHP-TOPSIS approach [54], ranked lower in our analysis due to higher risks in fault tolerance and time behavior. This finding underlines the significance of integrating a risk assessment with multi-criteria decision-making as a framework for evaluating learning platforms, particularly for long-term usage in educational environments. These findings show that the proposed methodology is robust and could be used effectively to locate a suitable mobile learning platform. The integrated FMEA-FAHP-GRA methodology provides a more nuanced analysis by prioritizing risk factors such as fault tolerance and time behavior, which previous studies using standalone methods may not have considered with the same rigor. The proposed methodology incorporates the risk assessment well with multi-criteria decision-making while compensating for the shortcomings of the conventional FMEA, where risk factors have equal weights. Another prevalent feature of this approach is the consideration of each factor using expert decision-making. GRA also has shortcomings in that risk factors have equal weights; however, in the proposed approach, different weights could be assigned by using the FAHP method, which improves the accuracy of results.