## 3 Proposed Method
### Hybrid Protocol-Based Path Selection  
After successful clustering, optimal path selection is performed to develop the dissemination of EMs. The entire car is equipped with a GPS, which uses the vehicle ID to pinpoint  
Figure 1: Supercluster. Figure 2: Multi-hop broadcast. the position. Every time a vehicle enters one of the road segments, the Edge-RSU with gateway captures information on the vehicle and the road. The UMBBFS hybrid protocol was applied to improve the performance of multi-hop broadcasts and the selection of the best forwarder, with a focus on reducing one-hop delay, increasing message propagation speed, and enhancing the message reception rate when determining the optimal path. Urban Multi-Hop Broadcast and Best Forwarder Selection (UMBBFS) Protocol  
In an urban environment, the UMBBFS employs an emergency message transmission protocol for traffic accidents occurring on either straight roads or intersections. If the root of the path is straight, the message starts broadcasting in both directions and a communication channel is selected to send the message. However, when the destination's source is at the intersection, the message multicasts in many directions, and there is still a relay node on each branch. In subsequent hops, the message is at an intersection, where multi-directional broadcasting may occur. This protocol efficiently disseminates emergency messages in the urban context, optimizing message propagation based on the source node location and minimizing redundancy in message relay. When an emergency message needs to be transmitted, the UMBB quickly selects neighboring nodes in multiple directions. 1. Multi-hop broadcast. Using GPS location and digital maps allows the source of the location and its neighbors to determine whether they are in the intersection area. When an incident occurs at the intersection, UMBB begins broadcasting various announcements during the first half of the broadcast. This allows emergency information to be displayed on all side roads starting from the intersection, solving the problem of black area interference between adjacent lines in multiple directions. At an intersection, preventing 'blacks' from colliding by interacting with nodes at the intersection is a challenge that must reach those adjacent to the intersection, especially in cases when the 'black' is broken. Figure 2 illustrates the multi-hop broadcast architecture  
In the context described, the source node is denoted as 'T', while the neighboring nodes 'P', 'Q', 'R', and 'S' are situated in various directions at intersection point 'O'. When node 'R' sends a black-burst transmission along one road toward source node 'T', it can potentially result in interference with neighboring nodes located between 'T' and 'O' on different intersection roads. To address this issue, UMBB adopts an innovative method to control the transmission of black-burst signals among neighboring nodes situated on distinct roads within the intersection area. 2. Neighboring nodes on the intersecting road. The UMBB protocol implements an iterative process for nearby nodes on the crossing road, which is quite different from the process used for surrounding nodes on the current route. Prior to starting the road, two distances must be calculated: \"r\" denotes the distance from the center to the junction, and \"d\" denotes the distance from the source node to the intersection. The covered length of the intersecting road by the source node is represented, and half of this length is represented as \(c_{r}\), which can be calculated as \(c_{r}=\sqrt{(r^{2}-d^{2})}\), as illustrated in Figure 3. The first iteration begins after a specific time interval, \(T_{l}+(2n+1)\tau\). During this process, \(c_{r}\) is initially divided into two segments: a forward area represented as \(f_{a}(\ (1-\beta)c_{r},c_{r})\) and a non-forward area represented as \(N_{F}(0,(1-\beta)c_{r})\), in every direction of the intersecting road.