# Q8S: Emulation of Heterogeneous Kubernetes Clusters Using QEMU
## 3 Results
### Implementation
For this, Q8S requires a proper error handling system, which observes the deployment logs across the all layers such that the user can immediately be pointed to the failing component. Conceptualization, J.D., V.F.H., and J.K.; methodology, J.D., V.F.H., and J.K.; software, J.D. and V.F.H. ; validation, V.F.H. ; formal analysis, V.F.H. ; investigation, J.D. and V.F.H. ; resources, J.D. ; data curation, V.F.H. ; writing--original draft preparation, J.D. ; writing--review and editing, J.D. and J.K.; visualization, V.F.H. ; supervision, J.D. and J.K.; project administration, J.K.; funding acquisition, J.K. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. This research was funded by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) under the AI service center KISSKI (grant nos. 01 IS22093A and 01 IS22093B). **Informed Consent Statement:** Not applicable. **Data Availability Statement:** The original code produced for Q8S as part of this research work is available under the MIT license at [[https://github.com/gwdg/pub-2025-Q8S](https://github.com/gwdg/pub-2025-Q8S)]([https://github.com/gwdg/pub-2025-Q8S](https://github.com/gwdg/pub-2025-Q8S)) (accessed on 25 May 2025). **Acknowledgments:** The computing systems for developing and testing Q8S in this study were kindly made available by the GWDG ([[https://gwdg.de](https://gwdg.de)]([https://gwdg.de](https://gwdg.de))). **Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare that this study received funding from the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research. The funder had no specific involvement with the study. ## Abbreviations

The following abbreviations are used in this manuscript: \begin{tabular}{l l} ARM & Advanced RISC Machines \\ CLI & Command-Line Interface \\ DNAT & Destination NAT \\ IO & Input/Output \\ IoT & Internet of Things \\ KVM & Kernel-based Virtual Machine \\ LAN & Local Area Network \\ MIPS & Million Instructions Per Second \\ NAT & Network Address Translation \\ OS & Operating System \\ QEMU & Quick Emulator \\ QoS & Quality of Service \\ SNAT & Source NAT \\ VM & Virtual Machine \\ VMM & Virtual Machine Manager \\ VTEP & VXLAN Tunnel Endpoint \\ VXLAN & Virtual Extensible LAN \\ \end{tabular} 

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