# Evaluating Resilience and Thermal Comfort in Mediterranean Dwellings: A Level(s) Framework Approach
## 2 Materials and Methods
### Assessment of the Current Resilience of the Pilot Case Using Level(s)  
The initial phase of the methodology involves a thorough analysis of the current state of the pilot case, utilizing indicator 2.3 from the Level(s) framework (see Table 1). This indicator provides a structured approach to evaluate the opportunities and constraints associated with the housing refurbishment project. By applying these criteria, we aim to identify a comprehensive refurbishment strategy that maximizes the adaptability of the space, ensuring it can accommodate a diverse range of configurations for the most significant number of tenants over time.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l l l l} \hline \hline
**Thematic Area** & **Macro Objective** & **Indicator** & & \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{Resource use and environmental performance} & 1. Greenhouse gas emissions throughout the life cycle of a building & 1.1 energy & 1.2 life cycle global warming potential stage (kwh/m\({}^{2}\)/year) & 1.2 life cycle (co\({}_{2}\) eq./m\({}^{2}\)/yr) & \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{2-5}  & 2. Circular and resource-efficient material life cycles & 2.1 list of quantities, materials and shelf life & 2.2 construction and demolition waste & 2.3 design for adaptability and renewal & 2.4 design for deconstruction \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{2-5}  & 3. Efficient use of water resources & 3.1 water consumption in the use stage (m\({}^{3}\)/occupant/year) & & \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Health and comfort} & 4. Healthy and comfortable spaces & 4.1 indoor air quality & 4.2 time outside the thermal comfort range & 4.3 lighting & 4.4 acoustics \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{Cost, value and risk} & 5. Adaptation and resilience to climate change & 5.1 life cycle tools: Scenarios for projected future climate conditions & 5.2 increased risk of extreme weather & 5.3 increased risk of flooding \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{2-5}  & 6. Optimized life cycle cost and value & 6.1 life cycle costs (\(\ell\)/m\({}^{2}\)/year) & 6.2 value creation and risk factors & \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{2-5}  & & & & \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{2-5}  & & & & \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{2-5}  & & & & \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{2-5}  & & & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 1: Level(s) indicators.  
Design of Innovative Resilient Housing Configurations: Analyzing Project Opportunities and Constraints Based on the Level(s) Framework  
In the second phase of our methodology, guided by Indicator 2.3, we focus on identifying the most appropriate housing configurations tailored to tenants' diverse needs and living arrangements. We explore various cohabitation models, categorized by the number of residents, their relationships' nature, and the dwelling's intended use.  
We propose a Basic Refurbishment Plan for the case study to maximize the building's lifespan and accommodate a wide range of tenant types. This plan is designed to allow for flexible spatial configurations that can adapt over time. The Basic Refurbishment Proposal is grounded in the following principles, aligned with the criteria outlined in Indicator 2.3:  
1. Accessibility: Ensure that access points and internal passages are appropriately sized and adapt the bathroom to accommodate wheelchair users in compliance with European regulations.
2. Flexibility: Incorporating movable panels that enable tenants to adjust the living space according to their specific needs, whether expanding or reducing the area.
3. Independence: Adding a second bathroom and an additional entrance to the dwelling, allowing for greater privacy and autonomy for different tenant arrangements.
4. Economy of Means and Materials: Striking for maximum resilience while minimizing investment ensures that the refurbishment is both cost-effective and sustainable.  
This comprehensive approach aims to create resilient housing configurations that can evolve with tenants' changing needs over time.