## 3 Results
### Metabolite Variance across Multiwell Fluidic System to Ascertain Sites of Generated Cell Byproducts
#### 3.8.1 Trending Relevance
NEF exposure shows no CYP3A4 activity in wells 3-6 and marginal 0.1-fold functions in wells 7-11. Throughout, DMSO vehicle controls have higher CYP3A4 over NEF datasets, wells 3 (****)-11 (****). **NEF exposure in rat hepatocytes (Study 8)** is displayed in Figure 11(d1). In data generation, the scale of the vertical axis is increased 10-fold to accommodate intensified CYP3A4 outputs, i.e., range 0-5 adjusted 0-50. The NEF datasets show impeded CYP3A4, below DMSO vehicle controls in wells 3 (*)-6 (*), data being non-significant in wells 7-8, then NEF has higher CYP3A4 activity in wells 9 (*)-10 (****), concluding with non-significant cell reactions in well 11. For Studies 5-8, CYP3A4 trending responses are further summarized in Table 7. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt}} \hline \hline
**Rows** & **Purpose** & **Description** \\ \hline
**a1\(\rightarrow\)d1** & Reveal cell functions having discrete statistical analysis, i.e., _Generation of Data_. The vertical axis are fold-changes related to DMSO vehicle control. & DMSO vehicle studies (white bars) are normalized at 1, i.e., 100\% normal function per well; the compound-of-interest data (black bars) are function fold-changes versus DMSO controls. \\ \hline
**a2\(\rightarrow\)d2** & Re-expressions of data using X control charts, continuous systems (e.g., _fluidics assembly line_), to identify DMSO control averages (Mean) and \(\pm 3\sigma\) DMSO offsets (UCL and LCL). The vertical axis are fold-changes related to DMSO vehicle control. & Superimposed over DMSO controls are compound-of-interest results to reveal statistical shifts in cell bioactivity along upstream (wells 3–5), midstream (wells 6–8), and downstream (wells 9–11) cell stations. \\ \hline
**a3\(\rightarrow\)d3** & Display adjacent-well variations using MR control charts, i.e., _Application to Diagnose Cell-Generated Stimuli_. The vertical axis is fold-changed to probe well-well irregularities, magnitudes are absolute values, orientation with DMSO vehicle = 1 (line shifts @ 1). Standard deviations are +1\(\sigma\), +2\(\sigma\), +3\(\sigma\). & Blending of system trends with adjacent-well analysis facilitate deductions for direct drug influence (i.e., process shift), indirect drug influence (i.e., special cause (cell generated secretions)), and indirect tertiary influence (i.e., unusual outcomes (secondary cell metabolite)). \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 5: Trending relevance displays in Figures 10–12. GLUTATHIONE (GSH) ASSAY--Functional Indicator (Studies 9-12)  
Glutathione (GSH), a tripeptide present in most tissues, is highly concentrated in the liver [50]. GSH protects against oxidative stress and regulates important events such as growth and apoptosis. **ASA exposure in HepaR cells (Study 9)** is displayed in Figure 12(a1). ASA impedes GSH activity in wells 3 (**), 4 (**), 5 (**), 6 (*), 7 (**), 8 (**), and 9 (*); wells 10-11 register as non-significant. **ASA exposure in rat hepatocytes (Study 10)** is displayed in Figure 12(b1). The scale of the vertical axis is increased 6-fold to accommodate for intensified GSH outputs, i.e., range 0-5 adjusted 0-30. ASA stimulates GSH response in wells 3 (***)-5 (***) with activity approaching 5.8-fold, then non-significant at well 6, then inducible again in wells 7 (***)-11(***) with activity 26-fold above DMSO controls. **NEF exposure in HepaR cells (Study 11)** is displayed in Figure 12(c1). NEF impedes GSH activity in wells 3 (**), 4 (**), 5 (*), 6 (*), and 7 (*) having 0 to 0.25-fold ranges, is non-significant in well 8, then impedes activity in wells 9 (*), 10 (*), and 11 (*), having 0.2 to 0.3-fold ranges. **NEF exposure in rat hepatocytes (Study 12)** is displayed in Figure 12(d1). The scale of the vertical axis is increased 6-fold to accommodate the scale of the vertical axis is increased 6-fold to accommodate for intensified GSH outputs, i.e., range 0-5 adjusted 0-30.