## 4 Experimental Results
### Effect of Local Search Procedure
Consequently,extensive local search calls improved its search capabilities and made it more competitive in the QAP domain. The other interesting phenomenon observed for the QAP instances is that the number of cycles completed by LS-Seq for a trial may not be higher than that of LS-VND. The EA-ILS hyper-heuristic with LS-Seq performed better than its LS-VND counterpart in the MAC instances. This can also be directly attributed to the average number of cycles completed by the former set-up in both the MAC5 and MAC6 instances. It can be safely concluded that the LS-Seq procedure performs faster with better search than LS-VND in both KP and MAC domains while the same statement cannot be made for the QAP domain. The better performance obtained by the EA-ILS hyper-heuristic with LS-Seq in KP and MAC instances can be directly linked to the set-up covering many more iterations than its counterpart. Furthermore, experimental results suggest that the more local search heuristics that are available for a domain, the more likely an ILS with an LS-VND intensification procedure is to perform worse, compared to the ILS with a quicker escape from the intensification procedure such as LS-Seq. The LS-Seq has more advantages over the LS-VND in terms of its search capability. Perhaps if the number of local search heuristics for the QAP is increased to four, the LS-Seq outperforms the LS-VND in the same way it occurred in the KP and MAC instances. If a recommendation is to be made based on the experimental results, it is safe to use the VND style of local search strategy if the number of local search heuristics is small. The moment the number is at least four, a smarter local search procedure is required. This experiment has been able to show that the LS-VND procedure could impede the performance of the ILS, especially when the number of local \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & \(\mathbf{\alpha}\) & \(\mathbf{\beta}\) & \(\mathbf{\alpha_{iter}}\) & \(\mathbf{\beta_{iter}}\) & \(\mathbf{\alpha_{lsi}}\) & \(\mathbf{\beta_{lsi}}\) \\ \hline KP1-1 & \(-\)1,262,437 & \(-\)1,255,857 & 1561 & 414 & 6.52 & 31.09 \\ KP1-2 & \(-\)1,260,453 & \(-\)1,256,773 & 1234 & 368 & 5.95 & 35.49 \\ KP1-3 & \(-\)1,262,433 & \(-\)1,259,963 & 1655 & 356 & 7.00 & 39.09 \\ KP1-4 & \(-\)1,263,828 & \(-\)1,256,390 & 1929 & 385 & 9.87 & 34.76 \\ KP1-5 & \(-\)1,254,789 & \(-\)1,259,903 & 2089 & 382 & 5.07 & 34.47 \\ KP5-1 & \(-\)4,276,582 & \(-\)4,258,774 & 182 & 15 & 10.13 & 114.20 \\ KP5-2 & \(-\)4,258,106 & \(-\)3,974,568 & 145 & 16 & 3.16 & 111.25 \\ KP5-3 & \(-\)4,251,970 & \(-\)4,248,962 & 100 & 7 & 14.17 & 199.14 \\ KP5-4 & \(-\)4,259,539 & \(-\)3,683,130 & 158 & 8 & 9.53 & 203.50 \\ KP5-5 & \(-\)4,270,759 & \(-\)4,248,962 & 177 & 9 & 6.06 & 162.89 \\ QAP0-1 & 152,068 & 152,164 & 1876 & 2273 & 1.89 & 2.84 \\ QAP0-2 & 152,360 & 152,026 & 1594 & 2928 & 1.80 & 2.92 \\ QAP0-3 & 152,398 & 152,070 & 2408 & 2234 & 1.83 & 2.87 \\ QAP0-4 & 152,076 & 152,086 & 1895 & 2559 & 1.82 & 2.83 \\ QAP0-5 & 152,048 & 152,060 & 3466 & 2099 & 1.83 & 2.81 \\ QAP7-1 & 44,884,414 & 44,870,046 & 68 & 81 & 1.78 & 2.79 \\ QAP7-2 & 44,866,080 & 44,882,160 & 180 & 156 & 1.90 & 2.96 \\ QAP7-3 & 44,859,006 & 44,873,662 & 164 & 187 & 1.86 & 2.84 \\ QAP7-4 & 44,870,856 & 44,854,654 & 131 & 233 & 1.79 & 2.83 \\ QAP7-5 & 44,879,374 & 44,843,808 & 180 & 251 & 1.89 & 2.87 \\ MAC5-1 & \(-\)13,217 & \(-\)13,172 & 10,718 & 6931 & 2.17 & 4.25 \\ MAC5-2 & \(-\)13,226 & \(-\)13,139 & 13,920 & 6733 & 2.27 & 4.28 \\ MAC5-3 & \(-\)13,193 & \(-\)13,246 & 10,297 & 6740 & 2.23 & 4.36 \\ MAC5-4 & \(-\)13,227 & \(-\)13,214 & 10,923 & 6696 & 2.25 & 4.38 \\ MAC5-5 & \(-\)13,186 & \(-\)13,166 & 10,494 & 6732 & 2.27 & 4.33 \\ MAC6-1 & \(-\)1358 & \(-\)1354 & 38,313 & 23,406 & 1.91 & 4.19 \\ MAC6-2 & \(-\)1352 & \(-\)1358 & 38,719 & 22,350 & 2.05 & 4.29 \\ MAC6-3 & \(-\)1362 & \(-\)1344 & 38,209 & 23,286 & 1.92 & 4.25 \\ MAC6-4 & \(-\)1350 & \(-\)1352 & 49,983 & 24,363 & 1.86 & 4.18 \\ MAC6-5 & \(-\)1356 & \(-\)1350 & 33,797 & 26,373 & 2.04 & 4.04 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
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