# Photovoltaics on Landmark Buildings with Distinctive Geometries
## 4 Results and Discussions
### PV Integration Using Architectural Visibility, Sensitivity and Quality  
In Tables 4 and 5, the assessments of the architectural quality of the PV integration, the context sensitivity and the system visibility of the selected landmark buildings are reported. In some cases of the presented sample, the PV installation is entirely integrated into the building skin. The most representative examples of BIPV are the Shanghai Expo 2010 Theme Pavilion, the Umwelt Arena, the Kaohsiung National Stadium, the Novartis Campus, the Powerhouse Bratterkaia and the Copenhagen International School. In the analysis conducted through the LESO-QSV method, the architectural quality of the PV systems' integration on the building envelope is fully coherent in all aspects, systems geometry, system materiality and modular pattern. In the case of the Umwelt Arena the entire roof is a PV system, similar to the Kaohsiung National Stadium, while in the case of the Copenhagen International School the entire facade is a PV system, and similarly in the Powerhouse Bratterkaia, the entire roof and the upper parts of the facades. However, in this last case, the modular pattern results to be partly coherent. For the Novartis headquarters, the architect decided also to totally integrate the PV system into the complex curved geometry of the building, so it becomes almost inseparable from the other building elements. In the rest of the analysed buildings, the architectural integration quality of the PV systems was found partly coherent in the Maracana Stadium, where the PV elements have been installed following a refurbish intervention. In the Paris Courthouse and in the La Seine Musicale, even if the PV systems are not integrated on the building envelope but they have a peculiar function, such as shading control system and sun-tracking energy generation elements, the quality of the architectural integration was found fully coherent for all the analysed aspects (i.e., system geometry, system materiality and modular pattern). Regarding the context sensitivity, it is important to underline that half of the analysed buildings are in urban areas characterized by low socio-cultural value. This has a twofold consequence: on one hand, it helps to increase their value as landmark buildings and, on the other hand, the buildings have an important role as \"design driving force\" to improve the overall quality of the remote areas where they are located. The rest of the buildings have medium context sensitivity. In that sense, for example, the Powerhouse Bratterkaia, the Paris Courthouse and the Copenhagen International School are located close to transport and commercial infrastructures, such as a railway station, a highway and a harbour, respectively. Those buildings are part of wider redevelopment strategies where new residential blocks, financial and commercial services are planned to be built. Their presence contributes to increase the architectural interest and financial attractiveness of the areas where they are located. Differently, the La Seine Musicale is the only building with high context sensitivity given its location within the cultural area on the Ile Seguin, an island on the Seine river between Boulogne-Billancourt and Sevres in the western suburbs of Paris. Finally, regarding the PV systems visibility, the Powerhouse Bratterkaia, the Umwelt Arena, the Copenhagen International School and the La Seine Musicale, have high levels for both, close and remote visibility. All the buildings characterised by PV systems installed on the roof, such as the Maracana Stadium, the Apple Headquarters, the Shanghai Expo 2010 Theme Pavilion, the Kaohsiung National Stadium and the Novartis Campus, have low close visibility and medium remote visibility. This aspect is emphasized by the fact that those buildings have the roof as the largest surfaces exposed on the sunlight and most of them are in remote areas characterised by very low urban density.