esa-sceva/satcom-chunk-collection huggingface dataset:
###### Abstract  
Dartumumab in combination with lenalidomide + dexamethasone (DRd) is used for transplant-ineligible newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM). However, there is limited evidence on when DRd should be introduced in the treatment sequence. Using Japanese claims data, we conducted a retrospective study to identify the optimal treatment strategy for DRd administered as first-line (1L), second-line (2L), and third-line or later (\(\geq\)3L) therapy. Among 344 patients with NDMM who received DRd (208 received 1L, 78 received 2L, and 58 received \(\geq\)3L), overall survival (OS) and time to next treatment (TTNT) were analyzed. First-line DRd demonstrated a trend toward improved OS from the time of MM diagnosis (inverse HR of 0.658; 95% CI: 0.278, 1.563) and prolonged TTNT from the first DRd administration (inverse HR of 0.746; 95% CI: 0.481, 1.149) compared with 2L DRd. These results suggest that the use of 1L DRd may provide the best outcomes for transplant-ineligible NDMM patients.  
Dartumumab, a human IgG1x monoclonal antibody targeting CD38, is available in Japan for transplant-ineligible newly diagnosed MM (NDMM) when used in combination with lenalidomide + dexamethasone (DRd). There is limited evidence on when DRd should be introduced in the treatment sequence (i.e., as first-line [1L] or second-line [2L] and later). **Methods**: We conducted a retrospective study using claims data from Japan to identify the optimal treatment strategy for DRd in patients with transplant-ineligible NDMM in real-world clinical practice. Patients were stratified into 1L, 2L, and third-line or later (\(\geq\)3L) groups based on their DRd line of treatment. Study outcomes included the impact of DRd treatment line on overall survival (OS) and time to next treatment (TTNT). Using Cox regression analysis, potential associations between patient characteristics and OS and TTNT were investigated. **Results**: In total, 344 patients with MM who received DRd treatment were evaluated (208 received 1L, 78 received 2L, and 58 received \(\geq\)3L). There was a trend toward improved OS from the time of MM diagnosis (inverse hazard ratio [HR] 0.658; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.278, 1.563) and prolonged TTNT from the first DRd administration (inverse HR of 0.746; 95% CI: 0.481, 1.149) with 1L versus 2L DRd. **Conclusions**: The effect of treatment line (1L and 2L) was consistent after adjusting for factors associated with OS and TTNT. These results suggest that the use of 1L DRd may provide the best outcomes for patients with transplant-ineligible NDMM.  
**Keywords:** daratumumab; lenalidomide; newly diagnosed multiple myeloma; overall survival; real-world evidence; treatment sequence
## 2 A Case Study
### The Deformation Characteristics of the Surrounding Rock in the RR  
When the 3301 working face is 40 m from the RR, the roof experiences extensive water seepage, resulting in a water accumulation area on the side of the return airway. The floor becomes muddy due to water soaking, which makes it inconvenient for end mining and the installation of hydraulic check supports in the RR. When the working face is 10 m from the RR, as illustrated in Figure 2, the deformation of the surrounding rock in the RR increases, and the coal wall on the side of the RR near the working face undergoes severe spalling. After the working face and the RR are interconnected, the central roof of the working face is subjected to extensive pressure, which leads to instantaneous contraction of the movable columns of the supports by 450 mm, complete crushing of some supports, and serious spalling of the RR. According to the monitoring data obtained from the surrounding rock deformation measurement points in the RR of the 3301 working face, within the range of 50 to 15 m between the working face and the RR, the roof and floor displacements of the RR are relatively small. When the working face is 5 to 15 m from the RR, the deformation of surrounding rock in the RR increases sharply. The displacement on both sides of the RR reaches approximately 360 mm, and the displacements of the roof and floor reach 468 mm, indicating severe deformation of the surrounding rock in the RR.  
Figure 2: Deformation characteristics of surrounding rock in stope when the distance from the RR is 10 m.  
Due to the rapid advancement of the 3301 working face in the Hanjiawan Coal Mine before the final extraction and the lack of waiting pressure measures, the observed roof pressure was high, and the roof subsidence was significant when the working face and the RR were interconnected. The maximum roof subsidence observed in the center of the RR reached 642 mm, which resulted in the crushing of multiple supports and caving frames. Additionally, significant spalling was observed on the sides of the transportation and return airways, severely affecting the efficiency of the working face's retreat operation.
## 4 Conclusions  
Two chalcones, (_E_)-1-(2-hydroxy-3,4,6-trimethoxyphenyl)-3-(3-nitrophenyl)prop-2-en-1-one (1) and (_E_)-1-(2-hydroxy-3,4,6-trimethoxyphenyl)-3-(4-nitrophenyl)prop-2-en-1-one (2), were synthesized by the Claisen-Schmidt condensation reaction in a basic medium between the natural compound 2-hydroxy-3,4,6-trimethoxyacetophenone and isomeric nitrobenzaldehydes. In addition, the vibrational spectra of polycrystalline samples by FT-IR spectroscopy (between 670 and 3600 cm\({}^{-1}\)), FT-Raman (between 0 and 3600 cm\({}^{-1}\)) were reported for the first time. The DFT calculations were performed using the Gaussian 09 package with the B3 LYP functional set and the 6-31G base set (d, p), in order to obtain information on the normal modes of vibration, allowing a complete assignment and various quantum chemical parameters of the synthesized substances. Both chalcones did not show good responses when associated with the antibiotics Ciprofloxacin, and Cephalexin against _S. aureus_ and _E. coli_ strains tested. However, a significant potentiating of the Gentamicin activity against _S. aureus_ and _E. coli_ strains was observed for chalcone 2. Therefore, these results demonstrate that the chalcone 2 compound presents potential as an adjuvant of the Gentamicin, probably due to its higher reactivity and lipophilicity.  
The following are available online at [[http://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/10/14/4713/s1](http://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/10/14/4713/s1)]([http://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/10/14/4713/s1](http://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/10/14/4713/s1)), Figures S1 and S3: \({}^{1}\)H NMR spectra, Figures S2 and S4: \({}^{13}\)C NMR spectra, Tables S5 and S6: vibrational wavenumbers of chalcones 1 and 2.  
Investigation, and writing--original draft preparation, P.T.d.S.; conceptualization, funding acquisition and supervision, H.S.d.S.; methodology, E.M.M.; software, T.S.d.F.; validation, A.L.A.B.L. and H.M.B.; performed DFT calculations, E.S.M.; co-supervised, and reviewed the manuscript, P.N.B.; data curation, P.d.L.-N.; performed the infrared measurements, D.M.S.J., M.S.d.S.J.; funding acquisition, writing--review and editing, and aided in the spectroscopic analyses. A.M.R.T. and N.M.; visualization, A.A.C.A.; formal analysis and reviewed the manuscript, C.E.S.N.; project administration and methodology N.M. and H.D.M.C. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
**Funding:** This research was funded by Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico-CNPq, Grant number n\({}^{\circ}\): 305719/2018-1.  
**Acknowledgments:** We thank FUNCAP, CAPES, and CNPq for their financial support. The authors also thank [PERSON] for his support in FT-Raman measurements. We would like to thank the Northeastern Center for the Use and Application of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (CENAUREM) for the spectra performed. Computational support from CENAPAD-UFC for the use of the Gaussian09 software package available through the project \"proj373\" is also acknowledged.  
**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest.
## 5 Conclusions  
Due to the low design standards of some cities and the existence of extreme weather, the flow of rainwater and sewage is much higher to fill the sewers during the operation of the sewers which will lead to excessive pressure in the pipes, causing the pipes to fracture and potential collapse. A massive amount of pollutants accumulated on the urban ground surface is washed into sewers and the receiving water of the city through the collapse point, resulting in pipeline corrosion and point source pollution which can be regarded as turbulent mixing.  
In this work, a CFD study of turbulent mixing in a T-junction system was performed comparing with the experimental results. The influences of main pipe diameter, mixing ratio, cross-flow flux, and incident angle on \(L_{EML}\) were studied by the controlling variable method. The results show that the value of \(L_{EML}\) increases as \(Q\) or \(\varphi\) rise and decreases with the augment of \(\delta\), of which \(\varphi\) has a much greater magnitude than \(Q\) and \(\delta\). Meanwhile, \(\theta\) has no clear influence on \(L_{EML}\). Furthermore, dimensional analysis was employed to study these influences, and a dimensionless relationship equation in the harmony of dimension was obtained. Moreover, a simplified equation with the average error of 4.01% was derived, proving the applicability of it. This study provides a valuable reference to the turbulent mixing law in a T-junction system, and has broad engineering significance for tracking the origin of sewage in pipelines.  
**Author Contributions**: Conceptualization and methodology, B.S., H.F. and C.Z.; software, formal analysis, and writing-original draft preparation, Q.L.; writing--review and editing, B.S. and C.Z.; supervision, funding acquisition, and project administration, B.S., H.F. and Y.L.; data curation, Q.L. and S.Z. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
**Funding**: This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No.2017 YFC1501204), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.51678536, 51978630, 51909242), the Program for Science and Technology Innovation Talents in Universities of Henan Province (Grant No.19 HASTIT043), the Outstanding Young Talent Research Fund of Zhengzhou University (1621323001). The authors would like to give thanks for these financial supports.  
**Conflicts of Interest**: The authors declare no conflict of interest.
## 4 Results  
In this section, the evaluation results of the proposed ArCAR system for Arabic text recognition are presented for both applications of documents classification and sentiment analysis. For both applications, different datasets with multiple classes were used to test the reliability of the proposed ArCAR system. For document classification, the number of documents in each dataset varies from 5 k to 200 k, while the number of classes varies between 5 and 10 classes. For Arabic sentiment analysis, the number of posts or comments varies between 165 k and 500 k, while the dataset has two and three balance and unbalance classes, respectively. The evaluation results shown in this section are recorded as an average over 5-fold test for each dataset. Given a specific dataset, the same model with deep architecture and training settings is used to achieve reliable results and show the goal of the proposed ArCAR system.
## 4 Experimental Results
### Experimental Setup  
To thoroughly evaluate the proposed Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) scheduling algorithms, a combination of simulation-based studies and experiments on a physical testbed were conducted. This dual approach allows for the assessment of algorithm performance under controlled, reproducible conditions as well as validation in a more realistic hardware environment.
## 2 Materials and Methods
### Validation with Ground Measurements  
The validation of PS-InSAR results is essential to ensure the reliability of satellite-derived displacement measurements [19]. In this study, ground-based observations from precision leveling surveys and corner reflectors were used for verification purposes. Precision leveling was conducted along key sections of the railway, particularly those with a history of subsidence or where maintenance activities had been previously undertaken.  
Seventeen corner reflectors were installed across the study area to enhance the PS-InSAR measurement accuracy by providing strong, stable radar targets. These reflectors were strategically placed in both stable and subsiding zones to enable a comparative analysis. Additionally, GPS-based ground control points (GCPs) were deployed to provide a continuous three-dimensional coordinate reference for validation. The displacement time series derived from PS-InSAR were directly compared with ground-based measurements, and correlation analyses were conducted to assess the agreement between the two datasets. Correlation coefficients (R\({}^{2}\)) exceeding 0.93 in critical sections indicated high consistency and validated the reliability of the PS-InSAR monitoring approach.  
Quantitatively, the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) between satellite-derived and field measurements remained within \(\pm\)2.4 mm, satisfying engineering-level deformation monitoring thresholds. Figure 2 illustrates the spatial alignment between the PS-InSAR results and ground-based observations, emphasizing the capability of this technique to capture localized subsidence with high accuracy.  
Figure 2: Test area, (**a**) Honam High-Speed Railway (with the red circle marking the corner reflector), (**b**) corner reflector, and (**c**) satellite orbit direction.
## 3 Test Operations in the Pilot CO\({}_{2}\) Capture Process
### Operating Conditions  
To compare the performance of the new amine blends, a baseline evaluation was conducted first using MEA 30 mass%. For simplicity, MEA 30 mass% will be indicated hereafter as MEA when there is no possibility of confusion.  
Table 6 presents the operating conditions covered during the test of the MEA and the new amine blend, IAP. In this operation, a simulation gas with the same CO\({}_{2}\) concentration in flue gas of a coal-fired power plant was used. Actual coal-fired flue gas is not used here in order to keep the concentration of CO\({}_{2}\) constant for reboiler heat duty measurement. The solvent circulation rate was varied over a range to find an optimum condition that required minimum reboiler heat duty. At each solvent circulation rate, the reboiler temperature was adjusted to achieve 88-92% of CO\({}_{2}\) capture.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Column** & **Total Bed Height (cm)** & **Bed Diameter (cm)** & **Number of Bed Sections** & **Packing Types** \\ \hline Pre-scrubber & 380 & 40 & 3 & CMR, 1 inch \\ Absorber A & 500 & 25 & 2 & CMR, 1 inch \\ Absorber B & 500 & 25 & 2 & TPT 350X \\ Water wash & 120 & 30 & 1 & PALL ring, 1 inch \\ Stripper & 410 & 20 & 2 & CMR, 1 inch \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 4: Bed dimensions and packing materials of the packed columns in the PCCP.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Stream** & **Species** & **Technique** & **Range** \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{Absorber inlet} & CO\({}_{2}\) & NDIR & 0–20 vol\% \\  & SO\({}_{2}\) & NDIR & 0–500 ppm \\ \cline{1-1}  & O\({}_{2}\) & Zirconia sensor & 0–100 vol\% \\ \cline{1-1}  & CO & NDIR & 0–300 ppm \\ \cline{1-1}  & NO\({}_{\text{x}}\) & NDUV & 0–550 ppm \\ \cline{1-1}  & Moisture & Capacitance sensor & \\ \cline{1-1}  & CO\({}_{2}\) & NDIR & 0–20 vol\% \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{2-4} Absorber outlet & O\({}_{2}\) & Paramagnetic sensor & 0–21 vol\% \\ \cline{1-1}  & CO\({}_{2}\) & NDIR & 0–100 vol\% \\ \cline{1-1}  & Moisture & Capacitance sensor & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 5: Gas analyzers in the PCCP.
## 2 Materials and Methods
### Simulation Platform of Rice Transplanter Navigation Control
#### 2.1.4 Navigation Path Setting Module  
Path setting is an important part of the navigation process for agricultural machines. The workflow of the path-setting module designed in this study is described below:  
1. Enter the measured position \(P^{\prime}=(x+x_{e},y+y_{e},)\) of the rice transplanter control point \(P\) and its heading angle \(\varphi\).
2. Set the target heading angle \(\varphi_{t}\), forward speed \(v\), and extend the navigation line \(Line_{AB}\) from the starting point.
3. Calculate the heading angle deviation \(\varphi_{e}\) between \(\varphi\) and \(\varphi_{t}\), and the position deviation \(P_{e}\) between \(P^{\prime}\) and \(Line_{AB}\), and output \(\varphi_{e}\) and \(P_{e}\).  
Eventually, the information is input to the preview tracking control algorithm.
## 3 Test Results and Discussion
### Strength of Porous Concrete Produced with (D)PAOs and Zeolite  
Porous concrete was produced by adding both (D)PAOs and zeolite, and its porosity and compressive strength were measured, as shown in Figure 7. Here, porosity is an important indicator to determine the water purification performance of porous concrete, which is enhanced by its pores and the microorganisms therein. As can be seen in the results, the porosity decreased with increasing mixing ratios of (D)PAOs and zeolite [5,7]. This phenomenon is ascribed to the mixing of (D)PAOs resulting in an increase in the amount of flocs, and also to zeolite, whose density is lower than that of cement, replacing cement and thus increasing the volume of the binding materials. When 10% (D)PAOs and 10% zeolite were added, however, the measured porosity was still 0.9% lower than the target porosity, indicating that the effect on water purification performance was not significant.  
When the mixing ratio of (D)PAOs was set to 10%, the compressive strength of porous concrete increased by 1.40 MPa, but the increase was slightly reduced with zeolite added to improve product formability and contaminant absorption capacity. As similarly shown in compressive strength  
Figure 6: Compressive strength of mortars produced with (D)PAOs and zeolite.  
tests of mortar, this was due to the decreasing proportion of CaO in the binding materials and the reduced hydration reaction rate in the early stages [4; 5]. When compared to plain products, porous concrete mixed with 10% (D)PAOs and 10% zeolite showed a strength increase of about 0.5 MPa. This observation confirmed that porous concrete had an advantage in strength as well.  
These findings lead to the conclusion that the mixing ratio of zeolite can be set up to 10% to improve the water purification performance of secondary concrete products while maintaining sufficient void ratio and strength.
# Breaking Alert Fatigue: AI-Assisted SIEM Framework for Effective Incident Response
## 5 Experiments
### Experiment I
#### 5.4.1 Visualization by \(t\)-SNE  
To gain a deeper understanding of the data distribution, we used the \(t\)-SNE [73] technique to generate a 2D visualization of the data. The \(t\)-SNE approach is highly effective at reducing the dimensionality of nonlinear data, enabling the approximation of complex relationships among high-dimensional data in a lower-dimensional space. The method is  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Appliance** & **\#Total** & **\#Daily Average** & **\#Subsampled** & \
\begin{tabular}{c} **Sampling** \\ **Ratio (\%)** \\ \end{tabular} & **\#Positive** &
\begin{tabular}{c} **Positive Ratio** \\ **(\%)** \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline A & 36.68 M & 39,005 & 226,784 & 0.618 & 1286 & 0.567 \\ B & 0.56 M & 1857 & 5944 & 1.053 & 617 & 10.380 \\ C & 11.86 M & 39,005 & 30,837 & 0.260 & 169 & 0.548 \\ D & 15.80 M & 51,953 & 36,145 & 0.229 & 20 & 0.055 \\ E & 66.21 M & 217,804 & 372,161 & 0.562 & 53 & 0.014 \\ F & 6498 & 21 & 129 & 1.985 & 94 & 72.868 \\ \hline Total & 137.77 M & 452,958 & 672,000 & 0.488 & 2239 & 0.333 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}  
* A prominent _\#_ symbol in the header line indicates that the corresponding item represents a count of a specific entity.  
\end{table}
Table 2: Statistics of NSOC2017 dataset.  
computationally efficient and can effectively handle complex data distributions in high-dimensional spaces.  
The visualization result is shown in Figure 5, where each colored disk represents a unique sample, and its size is proportional to the number of alerts with the same numerical representation. Positive alerts are marked by black circles around the respective disks. As can be seen, although most IDSs conform to the CEF convention, alerts from different IDSs are spread throughout the space, and those from the same IDSs tend to cluster together. To better understand the formed clusters, we examined the alerts from IDS A (represented by red disks). We found that loose clusters were initially formed by alerts belonging to the same genre, e.g., HTTP communications, which share common features of TCP protocol-based communication. Subsequently, tighter clusters were formed by samples belonging to the \"suspicious malware downloading\" category. The differences in alert features, e.g., detection rules, download file types, and alert severity, result in clusters with closer proximity within this category.  
The most significant observation from this visualization is that positive samples (enclosed in black circles) form tight clusters and are clearly separable from negative samples. This high degree of separability between positive and negative samples suggests that the performance of the malware detection model is likely good.
## 5 Overview of 5G-Enabling Technologies
### Key 5G-Enabling Technologies
#### 5.1.12 Green Communication  
Green communication is used to minimize base station energy consumption since the base stations require a significant volume of electricity for reliable operation. The ecosystem suffers greatly when a large number of base stations are used. Reduced RFtransmits power and has the potential to increase energy efficiency. Significant energy is saved when reference signals are delivered only among a base station and user equipment rather than in each sub-frame. Another approach for reducing energy consumption is to utilize a duty cycle device, which switches off some base stations when there is little traffic. Service providers can also employ renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind energy [15].  
The number of networked devices is predicted to grow tenfold during the next decade, as is the volume of data [3]. While meeting these goals is difficult, we must also do so cost-effectively and for the long-term. Although mobile communications now account for less than 1% of CO\({}_{2}\) emissions, we should strive to reduce them even further [35]. In addition, power bills, which have already become a critical challenge due to high operating expenses, will also be reasonably reduced. Thus, reducing energy usage and shifting to green communication options are crucial for the environment and the economy.