# The Potential of Blockchain Technology and Smart Contracts in the Energy Sector: A Review
## 3 Research Methodology and Literature Classification
### Literature Classification
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Paper Title** & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Main Focus and Contributions**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Technical Environment**} \\ \hline Joulin: Blockchain-based p2p energy trading using smart contracts [58] & - & Joulin platform for energy trading using & - & Ethereum \\  & trading using smart contracts [58] & - & Ethereum blockchain & - & Solidity \\  & - & Development of new business models & - & MythX \\  & - & Development of new business models & - & GoLang \\ \hline Peer-to-peer electricity trading system: & - & P2 PEBT system with proof-of-Benefit consensus & \\ smart contracts-based proof-of-benefit & - & on Ethereum & - & Ethereum \\ consensus protocol [29] & - & Grid stability incentives & \\ \hline Design of integrated energy market cloud & - & Decentralized cloud service platform for energy trading & \\   service platform based on blockchain & - & Transaction types and dispatch subsidies in & - & Antchain \\   smart contract [51] & - & energy markets & \\ \hline Peer-to-peer energy trading in a microgrid & - & Frameworks for blockchain-supported P2P & - & Ethereum \\   leveraged by smart contracts [27] & - & Energy transactions & - & Moncha \\  & - & Reliability and cost-effectiveness in P2P & - & Solidity \\  & - & transactions & - & React.js \\ \hline Standardization of smart contracts for & - & Reference model for DLT in energy industry & - & Distributed Ledger Technologies \\   energy markets and operation [30] & - & Security and/or privacy concerns & (DLT) \\ \hline Smart contract for electricity transactions & - & Streamlining transactions between grid & \\   and charge settlements using & - & Enterprises and market members & - & Ethereum \\   blockchain [60] & - & Efficiency and reliability in bilateral trading and & \\  & & trust costs in the electricity market & \\ \hline Distributed framework via block-chain & - & Framework incorporating blockchain for secure & - & Ethereum \\   smart contracts for smart grid systems & - & data handling in smart grids & - & Solidity \\   against cyber-attacks [49] & - & Security and/or privacy concerns & - & Ganache \\  & - & Analysis of government subsidy policies linked & \\  & - & to household energy behaviour & \\  & - & Economic hurdles and managing uncertainties in & - & No information provided \\  & - & solar energy generation & \\ \hline Blockchain based trading platform for & - & Leveraging utility infrastructure for peer-to-peer energy trading in smart cities & - & Ethereum \\   electric vehicle charging in smart cities [46] & - & Integration with existing utility billing; & - & JavaScript \\  & - & scalability of a private Ethereum network & - & GoLang \\ \hline ET-DeL: A P2P smart contract-based & - & ET-DeL system utilizing Ethereum smart & - & Ethereum \\   secure energy trading scheme for smart & - & contracts and IPFS & - & Solidity \\   grid systems [37] & - & Security and/or privacy concerns & - & Truffle \\ \hline Setup of a local P2P electric energy market & - & Model for local P2P energy trading emphasizing & \\   based on a smart contract blockchain & - & distributed generation & - & Distributed Ledger Technologies \\   technology [64] & - & Distributed control and management in the & (DLT) \\  & - & energy trading sector & \\ \hline Peer-to-peer energy trading in virtual & - & Efficient, transparent P2P energy trading system & - & Ethereum \\   power plant based on blockchain smart & - & in VPPs & - & Metamask \\   contracts [34] & - & Distributed control and management in the & - & Web3.js \\  & - & energy trading sector & - & Infura.io \\ \hline A survey on blockchain-enabled smart & - & Detailed review of technological advances in & - & Ethereum (EVM) \\ grids: Advances, applications and & - & blockchain for smart grids & - & Web3.js \\  challenges [59] & - & Security and/or privacy concerns & - & Solidity \\ \hline Smart contract for distributed energy trading in virtual power plants based on blockchain [48] & - & Blockchain-based transaction model reflecting & \\  & - & real-time supply and demand & - & Ethereum \\   blockchain [48] & - & Distributed control and management in the & - & Solidity \\  & - & energy trading sector & - & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}