## 2 Materials and Methods
### Data
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Data** & **Application** & **Year** & **Source** \\ \hline Land use & HQ/CS/WY/SC/FP & 2000–2022 & [[https://zenodo.org/records/8176941](https://zenodo.org/records/8176941)]([https://zenodo.org/records/8176941](https://zenodo.org/records/8176941)), accessed on 3 August 2024 \\ DEM & SC/Drivers & 2000 & [[http://www.gscloud.cn/](http://www.gscloud.cn/)]([http://www.gscloud.cn/](http://www.gscloud.cn/)), accessed on 4 August 2024 \\ Soil & SC & / & [[https://gaez.fao.org/pages/hwsd](https://gaez.fao.org/pages/hwsd)]([https://gaez.fao.org/pages/hwsd](https://gaez.fao.org/pages/hwsd)), accessed on 8 August 2024 \\ Precipitation (Pre) & SC/WY/Drivers & 2000–2022 & [[https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3114194](https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3114194)]([https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3114194](https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3114194)), accessed on 8 August 2024 \\ Evapotranspiration (ET) & WY & 2000–2022 & [[https://lpdaac.usgs.gov/data/](https://lpdaac.usgs.gov/data/)]([https://lpdaac.usgs.gov/data/](https://lpdaac.usgs.gov/data/)), accessed on 5 August 2024 \\  & & & [[https://www.fao.org/soli-portal/data-hub/soil-maps-and-databases/harmonized-world-soil-database-v12/en/](https://www.fao.org/soli-portal/data-hub/soil-maps-and-databases/harmonized-world-soil-database-v12/en/)]([https://www.fao.org/soli-portal/data-hub/soil-maps-and-databases/harmonized-world-soil-database-v12/en/](https://www.fao.org/soli-portal/data-hub/soil-maps-and-databases/harmonized-world-soil-database-v12/en/)), accessed on 10 August 2024 \\ Gross Primary & FP & 2000–2022 & [[https://lpdaac.usgs.gov/](https://lpdaac.usgs.gov/)]([https://lpdaac.usgs.gov/](https://lpdaac.usgs.gov/)), accessed on 8 August 2024 \\ Productivity (GPP) & & & [[https://www.earthdata.nasa.gov/](https://www.earthdata.nasa.gov/)]([https://www.earthdata.nasa.gov/](https://www.earthdata.nasa.gov/)), accessed on 3 August 2024 \\ NDVI & Drivers & 2000–2022 & [[https://doi.org/10.1188/Meteoro.tpdc.270961](https://doi.org/10.1188/Meteoro.tpdc.270961)]([https://doi.org/10.1188/Meteoro.tpdc.270961](https://doi.org/10.1188/Meteoro.tpdc.270961)), accessed on 8 August 2024 \\ Temperature (Tem) & Drivers & 2000–2022 & [[https://doi.org/10.1188/Meteoro.tpdc.270961](https://doi.org/10.1188/Meteoro.tpdc.270961)]([https://doi.org/10.1188/Meteoro.tpdc.270961](https://doi.org/10.1188/Meteoro.tpdc.270961)), accessed on 8 August 2024 \\ Night-time light (NTL) & Drivers & 2000–2022 & [[https://dataverse.harvard.edu/](https://dataverse.harvard.edu/)]([https://dataverse.harvard.edu/](https://dataverse.harvard.edu/)), accessed on 13 August 2024 \\ GDP & Drivers & 2000/2005/2010/2015/2020 & [[http://www.resdc.cn/](http://www.resdc.cn/)]([http://www.resdc.cn/](http://www.resdc.cn/)), accessed on 5 August 2024 \\ Population (POP) & Drivers & 2000–2022 & [[https://landscan.ornl.gov/](https://landscan.ornl.gov/)]([https://landscan.ornl.gov/](https://landscan.ornl.gov/)), accessed on 8 August 2024 \\ Runoff water & Drivers & 2000–2022 & [[https://cds.climate.opernicus.eu/](https://cds.climate.opernicus.eu/)]([https://cds.climate.opernicus.eu/](https://cds.climate.opernicus.eu/)), accessed on 8 August 2024 \\ Equivalent (RNF) & & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} Notes: HQ represents habitat quality, CS represents carbon storage, SC represents soil conservation, FP represents food production, and WY represents water yield.  
\end{table} 
Table 1: Summary of the primary data.