# The Campus as a Smart City: University of Malaga Environmental, Learning, and Research Approaches
## 3 UMA IoT and Telecommunication Infrastructure
### Cellular Infrastructure  
LUMAHetNet is part of the infrastructure of the Communications Engineering department (\"Ingenieria de Comunicaciones\", IC). This unique testbed is devoted to the teaching and research on cellular network management, especially in the field of self-organizing networks (SON) [19]. It also supports IoT deployments. The IC department has a great deal of expertise in the development of machine learning algorithms for SON. Such a paradigm focuses on the automation of procedures for the management of cellular networks, minimizing both the need for human intervention and the overall operation and capital expenditures while increasing the service performance. Some examples of the procedures being automated are network configuration [20], optimization [21; 22], and troubleshooting [23; 24; 25]. This line of work has fructified on a long relationship with the main stakeholders in the sector and the participation in key research projects. The studies performed, however, have been classically limited to simulations, provided datasets, and controlled trials, particularly due to the reluctance of commercial cellular operators to modify their network configurations and risk degrading network performance. To avoid these limitations, the UMAHetNet represents a complete cellular operator's indoor infrastructure in service of research and teaching activities and compliant with the 3 rd Generation Partnership Project (3 GPP) Release 9. In this way, it is composed of a fully functional LTE evolved packet core (EPC) containing all the functionalities and network elements for packet routing, mobility handling, and quality of service (QoS) managing (see Figure 7a). Its radio access network (RAN) is comprised of 12 picocells (low power base stations, as presented in Figure 7a), which have been deployed throughout different floors and buildings in the \"Escuela Tecnica Superior de Ingenieria de Telecomunicacion\" (ETSIT) from UMA, as shown below. In this figure, the current position of the picocells is presented as a red circle. Blue triangles represent ready-to-plug points--that is, possible locations of where to move a picocell  
Figure 6: UMAHetNet equipment captures: deployed picocells (**a**,**b**) and UMAHetNet’s EPC (**c**,**d**). to have a new network layout. This picocell mobility feature allows great flexibility, enabling high interference scenarios as well as high mobility along corridors and between floors. Besides their LTE interface, as is also indicated in Table 1, these picocells also provide Wi-Fi (which makes the network heterogeneous), allowing them to act as access points for the Wi-Fi standards IEEE 802.11b/g/n. Together with these, UMAHetNet has an operations support system (OSS) in charge of steadily monitoring and storing network elements performance as well as delivering configuration commands to these. Those activities can be performed based on a management (MGMT) platform through its graphical user interface (GUI) as well as through a command line and direct access to the system databases. Such double management interface has allowed development of a closed loop for network optimization and troubleshooting and will eventually allow for integrating the algorithms for network automatic management developed in the IC department. Regarding the UEs, UMAHetNet includes 12 commercial smartphones (Huawei P8) and two phone-based drive test tools to measure both RAN performance metrics and service-specific user-centric quality indicators. Besides these, UMAHetNet is also equipped with two testing UEs originated in the framework of the H2020 Research Project Measuring Mobile Broadband Networks in Europe (MONROE) [26]. These devices are special Linux-based \"drive test\" terminals, which can be remotely programmed (based on Docker technology) to run a variety of services and gather their associated quality metrics.