## 5 Example of CAS Development  
The development of CAS produces complex design works of many entities related to rain intensity, crop growth, root zone moisture level and crop water needs. Figure 8 shows the four workflows in this project. In a limited scope, this paper presents a part of the design activity that shows the transformation from soil moisture measurement to the state of the RootZoneMoistureLevel property. We select this transformation because it contains a temporal aggregation and a spatial aggregation. Moreover, the data used as the illustration in this part is the date 14/08/2013 in the Arvalis data.  
A tensiometer measures the soil tension [28]. The soil tension affects the water extraction capability of crops:  
* When the soil tension is low, the crops require less energy to extract soil water. In other words, when a tensiometer returns a high value, the soil moisture level is low.
* When the soil tension is high, the crops must use a large amount of energy to extract soil water.  
The IRRINOV(r) method evaluates the water needs of crops by estimating the root zone moisture. Root zone moisture is the quantity of \"water remaining in the depth of soil accessed by a plant\" [29]. It depends on the soil type, root depth and irrigation method. Its goal is to evaluate the amount of irrigation water required by the plants [30]. The system uses six tensiometers to evaluate the root zone moisture.  
RootZoneMoistureLevel is an observational property of the root zone feature of interest. The RootZoneMoistureLevel property is qualitative data represented by a state. These states are determined based on tensiometer measurements. Each tensiometer is placed at a specific depth in the soil. Thus, the RootZoneMoistureLevel property depends on the following quantitative data properties:  
* Soil30 cmDepthMoisture: the moisture of a new feature of interest that represents the soil layer at a 30 cm depth (Soil30 cmDepth).  
Figure 8: Four workflows of the CAS.  
Soil60 cmDepthMoisture: the moisture of a new feature of interest that represents the soil layer at a 60 cm depth (Soil60 cmDepth).
* Soil30 cmDepthDailyAverageMoisture: the daily average moisture of the feature of interest Soil30 cmDepth. It equals the daily average of the property Soil30 cmDepthMoisture.
* Soil60 cmDepthDailyAverageMoisture: the daily average moisture of the feature of interest Soil60 cmDepth. It equals the daily average of the property Soil60 cmDepthMoisture.
* RootZoneDailyAverageMoisture: the daily average moisture of the root zone feature of interest. It represents a spatial aggregation of Soil30 cmDepthDailyAverageMoisture and Soil60 cmDepthDailyAverageMoisture properties.  
The section aims to present some activities of the mini-waterfall methodology. Please note that the specification activity is already described in Section 4.1. This activity has produced a set of requirements. The design activity is divided into two parts: process conceptualization and ontology conceptualization. The ontology conceptualization activity uses ontologies to model the input and output of each process previously defined. The implementation activity presents the rule associated with the soil moisture stream. Finally, the testing activity shows some typical test cases.