# Dynamic Multi-Compartment Vehicle Routing Problem for Smart Waste Collection +
###### Abstract  
The rapid increase in urbanization results in an increase in the volume of municipal solid waste produced every day, causing overflow of the garbage cans and thus distorting the city's appearance; for this and environmental reasons, smart cities involve the use of modern technologies for intelligent and efficient waste management. Smart bins in urban environments contain sensors that measure the status of containers in real-time and trigger wireless alarms if the container reaches a predetermined threshold, and then communicate the information to the operations center, which then sends vehicles to collect the waste from the selected stations in order to collect a significant waste amount and reduce transportation costs. In this article, we will address the issue of the Dynamic Multi-Compartmental Vehicle Routing Problem (DM-CVRP) for selective and intelligent waste collection. This problem is summarized as a linear mathematical programming model to define optimal dynamic routes to minimize the total cost, which are the transportation costs and the penalty costs caused by exceeding the bin capacity. The hybridized genetic algorithm (GA) is proposed to solve this problem, and the effectiveness of the proposed approach is verified by extensive numerical experiments on instances given by Valorsul, with some modifications to adapt these data to our problem. Then we were able to ensure the effectiveness of our approach based on the results in the static and dynamic cases, which are very encouraging. m 2023 6 30 2023  
define a smart city as a city using the concept of the Internet of Things (IoT) [5], noting that it is also helpful in municipal solid waste management (MSWM) [6]. Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is a term used in the field of telecommunications i.e., computer technologies, audio-visual media, multimedia, internet, and telecommunication, allows users to communicate and explore information in real-time to improve operational decisions-making. One of the critical areas to building smart cities is the waste management area. In these cities, waste management explores in real-time the waste size provided by sensors installed in the bins [7]. If container-filling information is well documented, productivity will immediately improve, which will have a significant impact not only on company profits but also on the community at large. This is due to the fact that waste management is one of the challenges we face in our world today. Nowadays, the municipality is still dealing with solid waste in the traditional way, where the containers are unloaded one by one along a fixed route. These containers contain different types of non-separated waste, and this system has many disadvantages, including waste bins are not empty when complete [8], which leads to environmental pollution and distortion of the city's image. There are bins containing blank spaces, which can be supplied with more waste, so they do not require emptying. The traditional model relies on the mixed management of collected waste, which increases the difficulty of disposing of all waste types. Therefore, effective waste management relies on the classification of waste types and the adoption of compartmentalized containers and means of transport, where each compartment is assigned to a specific waste type [9]. This process will reduce the final waste disposal cost and improve the overall disposal efficiency, as well as improve the conservation of resources and protect the environment, and subsequently contribute to economic, social, and environmental development. The smart city concept can also help to solve the above problems, as waste collection uses the technology of information and communication to determine which containers should be emptied by installing a sensor to monitor the status of each compartment of the container and subsequently make effective decisions. All these developments increase the complexity of modeling and the difficulty of designing models.