## 4 Metal Ion Leaching and Solute Transport
### Landfill Capping Layers
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline
**Model or Platform/Type** & **Pressure Drivers/Application** & **Porous Medium** & **Data Collection/Input** & **Reference** \\ \hline FRAME (coupled unsaturated flow model & & & & \\ SIWARE and a groundwater simulation & & & & \\ model SGMP) & & & & \\ \hline GEPIC/spatially distributed & & Crop-soil nitrogen dynamics simulation, optimal fertilizer allocation simulation, groundwater quality standards compliance. & Cultivated land/regional scale & [236, 237, 238] \\ \hline CLEAMS (inc. hydrol. erosion, \& & & \\ pesticide component)/lumped conceptual & & Agricultural subsurface drainage, nutrient transport, of agricultural chemicals/water quality evaluation prediction, agricultural management plant root zone control. & Field-size area soil & [28, 29, 30, 239, 240] \\ \hline GLYCIM & & Soybean growth simulation model. & & [89, 241] \\ \hline GOSSYM/mechanistic two-dimensional (2D) gridded soil model, incorporates many routines as components, coupled with expert COSSYM-COMAX, GDSSYM-2 DSOLIL & Soil-nitrogen pollution, soil-free growth simulation, random-uniformity, soil condition, plant growth data. & [18, 89, 90] \\ \hline HELP/deterministic model, statistical-empirical, simulates water vertical flow through landfill layers & Landfill’s leachate generation prediction. & Landfill capping and subsel layers & Climatic data (evotranspiration, realization), soil type, vegetation, capping design and layers’ arrangement. & [77, 210, 211] \\ \hline HSPF/solute hydrological simulation/catch-sake water quality model & Modeling phosphorus transport/field scale runoff model. & Hund subtropical agricultural fields, alluvial plain & [240, 242, 243] \\ \hline HAM with ELM GWO algorithm & & Landfill isechate series quality data. & [14] \\ \hline HS/Integrated modeling platform process based (including Richards eq.) & & & \\ (finite element, fully integrated & & 3-DVarley) saturated, subsurface flow and numerical model & Agricultural soil, forests, catchment, regional scale model & Applied along with EuDyse, surface-water mass balance module, provides inputs when coupled with (HCS). & [244, 245] \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Cont. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline
**Model or Platform/Type** & **Pressure Drivers/Application** & **Porous Medium** & **Data Collection/Input** & **Reference** \\ \hline  & & & & Calibration before use, evaporation, plant \\ HYDUS-1D/process based, & & & & \\ HYDUS-3D/finite element model & & & & \\  & & & & \\  & & & \\  & & & & \\  & & & \\  & & & & \\  & &  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Model or Platform/Type** & **Pressure Drivers/Application** & **Porous Medium** & **Data Collection/Input** & **Reference** \\ \hline  & Water and Solute Movement, process-based & & & \\ LEACH/LEACH//LEACH/ & model of water and solute movement, transformations, plant nutrient uptake and & & Sol unsaturated Zone & [75,144] \\ LEACH/P/LEACH & & chemical reactions prediction. & & \\ \hline  & Leaching release kinetics (modified & Heavy metal leaching/healing & & \\ Elook curve, Freundh drymatic eq., & phenomena prediction. & & & [205] \\ parabolic eq., 2 nd order eq.) & Rainfall and runoffing within a GIS & & & [254] \\ \hline  & & & \\ LSFLOO/physically based model & & controlled frame. & & \\ \hline  & & & & \\ LJ-GUESS/LJP-GUESS LSM & Land use investigation combined with & & & \\  & climate change. & & & \\  & & climate & & \\  & & & & \\ \hline  & Pollutant transport, phosphorus leaching, & & & \\ MACRO/1-D mathematical model, & herbicide leaching, chemical agents transport & & & \\  & estimation, water flow and solute transport, & & & \\ (two-domain process GSmodel, i.e., micro and macropres) & & & & \\  & & & \\  & & & \\  & & & \\  & & & \\  & & & \\  & & & \\  & & & \\ \hline  & & & \\ MAGIC lumped-parameter & & complete, predicting long-term effects of & & \\ analytical model & & acidic deposition on soil and surface & soil-water catchment & & [257] \\  & & water chemistry.