# A Comprehensive Review of Indoor Localization Techniques and Applications in Various Sectors
## 6 Conclusions  
Indoor localization systems, with applications in healthcare, industrial operations, military missions, and emergency response scenarios, have undergone a significant evolution over the years. This review highlighted various technologies, such as BLE, UWB, Wi-Fi, ZigBee, and hybrid models, emphasizing their strengths and limitations. While these systems have seen success in specific domains, challenges like scalability, cost, signal interference, energy efficiency, and privacy concerns continue to exist. The introduction of hybrid localization systems has been a significant milestone, offering a combination of technologies to overcome the limitations of individual solutions. For example, integrating UWB and BLE has enabled systems to achieve both high precision and energy efficiency. In addition, machine learning models, such as LSTM networks, have demonstrated their potential in refining localization accuracy under dynamic conditions.  
Future research should focus on enhancing the adaptability, precision, and reliability of localization systems in dynamic environments. Particularly, in sensitive sectors like healthcare and defense, it is critical to develop secure and scalable solutions. Innovations in energy harvesting and lightweight, battery-efficient modules could also help reduce costs and environmental impact, addressing the persistent issue of energy efficiency. One promising approach involves the use of artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms. These tools have the potential to refine accuracy through predictive modeling and pattern recognition. Moreover, edge computing and real-time data processing could significantly minimize latency, enabling seamless operation in critical applications. Interdisciplinary collaborations between academia, industry, and government will play an essential role in standardizing protocols, improving interoperability, and driving the deployment of robust indoor localization solutions.  
By addressing these research directions, the potential for smarter, safer, and more connected environments can be unlocked. This synthesis of past achievements and forward-looking perspectives aims to guide researchers and practitioners in overcoming existing barriers and maximizing the benefits of indoor localization technologies.  
Conceptualization, T.A. and I.K.; methodology, T.A.; software, T.A.; validation, I.K.; formal analysis, T.A.; investigation, T.A.; resources, T.A. and I.K.; data curation, T.A.; writing--original draft, T.A.; writing--review and editing, I.K.; visualization, T.A.; supervision, I.K.; project administration, I.K.; funding acquisition, I.K. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
This research was supported by the Regional Innovation Strategy (RIS) through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education (MOE) under Grant 2021 RIS-003.  
Not applicable.  
Data Availability Statement: The original contributions presented in this study are included in the article. Further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding author.  
The authors declare no conflicts of interest.