# SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19): New Discoveries and Current Challenges
## 4 Therapeutic Options  
The outbreak of COVID-19 infection is presently, as of March 2020, influencing the whole world, and many researchers and scientists are desperately aiming to find the suitable vaccine and therapeutic options. Active hexose correlated compound (AHCC) is \(\alpha\)-glucan-based standardized mushroom extract which has been broadly explored as an immuno-stimulant for West Nile infection, herpes infection, hepatitis C infection, flu infection, avian flu infection, papillomavirus, hepatitis B infection, and HIV by advancing a controlled and defensive immune response [74]. Despite the fact that the adequacy of AHCC has not yet been explicitly assessed for SARS-CoV-2 sickness, its activity in elevating a defensive reaction to a wide scope of viral infections, and the absence of suitable vaccines, could bolster its utilization in the anticipation of maladies incited by human pathogenic coronavirus, including COVID-19 [74]. Additionally, the most encouraging compound is remdesivir (GS-5734), a prodrug nucleotide analog as of now in clinical trials for Ebola infection disease treatments; it repressed the replication of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV in tissue cultures, and it showed adequacy in non-human animal models [75]. Additionally, a cocktail mix of the human immunodeficiency infection type 1 (HIV-1) protease inhibitors, lopinavir/ritonavir, and interferon beta (LPV/RTV-INFb) have shown some success in individuals contaminated with SARS-CoV; LPV/RTV-INFb likewise mended clinical parameters in mice and marmosets tainted with MERS-CoV. Astoundingly, the beneficial viability of remdesivir gave off an impression of being better than that of LPV/RTV-INFb against MERS-CoV in a transgenic adapted mice model [75]. The generally high death rates related with SARS- and MERS-CoVs, and SARS-CoV-2, recommend that pro-inflammatory responses may assume a significant role in the disease advancement. It is ambiguous whether the produced inflammatory state ought to be focused on; therapeutics that focus on the coronavirus alone probably will not have the option to turn around exceptionally pathogenic infections [75]. [PERSON] has reviewed the documented literature to provide a synopsis of therapeutic alternatives that have shown potential in battling SARS-CoV-2 diseases [75]. Recognizable proof of targets is significant for discriminating medications with elevated target explicitness or potentially revealing prevailing medications that could be repurposed to treat SARS-CoV-2 disease [65]. Two viral proteases, 3 CLpro and PLpro, are responsible for cleaving the viral peptides into functional units for virus replication and packaging inside the host cells. In this way, drugs focus on these proteases in different viruses, namely HIV drugs (ritonavir and lopinavir), have been explored [76]. Additionally, RdRp is the RNA polymerase accountable for viral RNA synthesis that might be obstructed by existing antiviral medications or medication competitors (e.g., remdesivir) [76]. Possibly, the collaboration of viral S protein with its receptor ACE2 on host cells, and ensuing viral endocytosis into the cells, may likewise be a reasonable drug objective. As an example, the broad-range antiviral medication Arbidol, which works as a virus-host cell fusion inhibitor to prevent viral entry into host cells against flu virus, has gone into a clinical trial for SARS-CoV-2 treatment [65; 77]. The protease TMPRSS2 delivered by the host cells assumes a significant function in proteolytic dispensation of S protein grooming to the receptor ACE2 attachment in human cells [78]. It was demonstrated that camostat mesylate, a clinically affirmed TMPRSS2 inhibitor, had the option to block SARS-CoV-2 passage to human cells, showing its prospective as a medication for COVID-19 [65; 78]. Significant proteins and their capabilities during the viral infections are summarized in Figure 14[65; 67; 77; 79; 80].