# The Progress of Cobalt-Based Anode Materials for Lithium Ion Batteries and Sodium Ion Batteries
## 4 Application of Cobalt-Based Anode Materials in LIBs/SIBs
### Cobalt-Based Alloys and Its Composites
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Types of Materials** & **Synthetic Method** & **Co Source** & **Reference** \\ \hline CoS-24 & Solvolothermal (180 \({}^{\circ}\)C 24 h) & CoCl\({}_{2}\)\(\bullet\)6H\({}_{2}\)O & [149] \\ \hline CNT@NC@CuCuCo\({}_{2}\)S\({}_{4}\) & Solvolothermal (200 \({}^{\circ}\)C 12 h) & (C\({}_{2}\)H\({}_{3}\)O\({}_{2}\))\({}_{2}\)Co**\(\bullet\)4H\({}_{2}\)O & [59] \\ \hline Co\({}_{9}\)S\({}_{8}\)-QDs@NC & Heat treatment (750 \({}^{\circ}\)C, Ar) & CoCl\({}_{2}\)\(\bullet\)6H\({}_{2}\)O & [30] \\ \hline TiO\({}_{2}\) nanobelts@Co\({}_{9}\)S\({}_{8}\) & Hydrothermal \& heat treatment & (C\({}_{2}\)H\({}_{3}\)O\({}_{2}\))\({}_{2}\)Co**\(\bullet\)4H\({}_{2}\)O & [150] \\ \hline
7-CoS/C & Heat treatment \& sulfur & Co(NO\({}_{3}\))\({}_{2}\)\(\bullet\)6H\({}_{2}\)O & [151] \\ \hline MWCNTs/Co\({}_{9}\)S\({}_{8}\) composites & Solvolothermal \& heat treatment & Co(NO\({}_{3}\))\({}_{2}\)\(\bullet\)6H\({}_{2}\)O & [152] \\ \hline Co\({}_{9}\)S\({}_{8}\)/Co & Ball-milling & Co powder & [153] \\ \hline Co\({}_{9}\)S\({}_{9}\)@CNNs & Freeze-drying \& heat treatment & CoCl\({}_{2}\)\(\bullet\)6H\({}_{2}\)O & [154] \\ \hline Co\({}_{9}\)S\({}_{8}\)/N-C hollow nanospheres & Heat treatment \& sulfur & Co(NO\({}_{3}\))\({}_{2}\)\(\bullet\)6H\({}_{2}\)O & [155] \\ \hline Co\({}_{9}\)S\({}_{8}\)/RGO & Hydrothermal (180 \({}^{\circ}\)C, 12 h) & (C\({}_{2}\)H\({}_{3}\)O\({}_{2}\))\({}_{2}\)Co**\(\bullet\)4H\({}_{2}\)O & [97] \\ \hline Co\({}_{5}\)S\({}_{2}\)/G composite & Hydrothermal (200 \({}^{\circ}\)C, 12 h) & (C\({}_{2}\)H\({}_{3}\)O\({}_{2}\))\({}_{2}\)Co**\(\bullet\)4H\({}_{2}\)O & [156] \\ \hline Co\({}_{5}\)\({}_{2}\)@MCNF & Hydrothermal \& heat treatment & CoCl\({}_{2}\)\(\bullet\)6H\({}_{2}\)O & [157] \\ \hline Ni\({}_{3}\)S\({}_{2}\)/Co\({}_{9}\)S\({}_{8}\)/N-doped carbon & Hydrothermal \& heat treatment & Co(NO\({}_{3}\))\({}_{2}\)\(\bullet\)6H\({}_{2}\)O & [158] \\ composite & & & \\ \hline CoSe/Co@NC & Heat treatment (800 \({}^{\circ}\)C, Ar) & Co(NO\({}_{3}\))\({}_{2}\)\(\bullet\)6H\({}_{2}\)O & [159] \\ \hline Co\({}_{0.85}\)Se NSs/G & Hydrothermal (180 \({}^{\circ}\)C, 16 h) & (C\({}_{2}\)H\({}_{3}\)O\({}_{2}\))\({}_{2}\)Co**\(\bullet\)4H\({}_{2}\)O & [160] \\ \hline Co-Zn-Se@C & Hydrothermal \& heat treatment & Co(NO\({}_{3}\))\({}_{2}\)\(\bullet\)6H\({}_{2}\)O & [161] \\ \hline CoSe\({}_{2}\)@NC-NR/CNT & Selenization & Co(NO\({}_{3}\))\({}_{2}\)\(\bullet\)6H\({}_{2}\)O & [162] \\ \hline cobblestone-like CoSe\({}_{2}\)@C & & Heat treatment (500 \({}^{\circ}\)C, Ar/H\({}_{2}\)) & Co(NO\({}_{3}\))\({}_{2}\)\(\bullet\)6H\({}_{2}\)O & [32] \\ nanospheres & & & \\ \hline Cu-doped CoSe\({}_{2}\) microboxes & Hydrothermal (160 \({}^{\circ}\)C, 8 h) & (C\({}_{2}\)H\({}_{3}\)O\({}_{2}\))\({}_{2}\)Co**\(\bullet\)4H\({}_{2}\)O & [163] \\ \hline CoSe\({}_{2}\)/N-CNFs & Electrosppinning \& heat treatment & (C\({}_{2}\)H\({}_{3}\)O\({}_{2}\))\({}_{2}\)Co**\(\bullet\)4H\({}_{2}\)O & [24] \\ \hline CoSe\({}_{2}\)/C-ND@RGO & Heat treatment (600 \({}^{\circ}\)C, Air) & Co(NO\({}_{3}\))\({}_{2}\)\(\bullet\)6H\({}_{2}\)O & [164] \\ \hline CoSe@CSs & Hydrothermal \& heat treatment & Co(NO\({}_{3}\))\({}_{2}\)\(\bullet\)6H\({}_{2}\)O & [60] \\ \hline CoSe quasi-microspheres & Hydrothermal (180 \({}^{\circ}\)C, 2 h) & Co(NO\({}_{3}\))\({}_{2}\)\(\bullet\)6H\({}_{2}\)O & [165] \\ \hline yolk-shell structured CoSe/C & Heat treatment (800 \({}^{\circ}\)C, Ar) & Co(NO\({}_{3}\))\({}_{2}\)\(\bullet\)6H\({}_{2}\)O & [166] \\ \hline Co\({}_{9}\)Se\({}_{8}\)/RGO hybrid nanosheet & Hydrothermal (180 \({}^{\circ}\)C, 12 h) & (C\({}_{2}\)H\({}_{3}\)O\({}_{2}\))\({}_{2}\)Co**\(\bullet\)4H\({}_{2}\)O & [97] \\ \hline urchin-like CoSe\({}_{2}\) nanorods & Electrosppinning \& heat treatment & (C\({}_{2}\)H\({}_{3}\)O\({}_{2}\))\({}_{2}\)Co**\(\bullet\)4H\({}_{2}\)O & [93] \\ \hline CoSe\({}_{2}\)@C/CNTs & Heat treatment \& selenization & Co(NO\({}_{3}\))\({}_{2}\)\(\bullet\)6H\({}_{2}\)O & [48] \\ \hline CoSe\({}_{2}\)@N-PGC/CNTs & Heat treatment \& selenization & Co(NO\({}_{3}\))\({}_{2}\)\(\bullet\)6H\({}_{2}\)O & [167] \\ \hline Co/(NiCo)Se\({}_{2}\) box in box structure & Selenization (270 \({}^{\circ}\)C 6 h) & Co(NO\({}_{3}\))\({}_{2}\)\(\bullet\)6H\({}_{2}\)O & [71] \\ \hline CoSe\({}_{2}\) powders & Hydrothermal (180 \({}^{\circ}\)C, 18 h) & Co(NO\({}_{3}\))\({}_{2}\)\(\bullet\)6H\({}_{2}\)O & [168] \\ \hline CoSe\({}_{2}\) nanoparticles & Hydrothermal (180 \({}^{\circ}\)C, 24 h) & CoCl\({}_{2}\)\(\bullet\)6H\({}_{2}\)O & [169] \\ \hline CoSe\({}_{2}\) microspheres & Heat treatment & Co(NO\({}_{3}\))\({}_{2}\)\(\bullet\)6H\({}_{2}\)O & [170] \\ \hline CoSe@PCP & Heat treatment \& selenization & Co(NO\({}_{3}\))\({}_{2}\)\(\bullet\)6H\({}_{2}\)O & [68] \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}