# Resilience Analysis Grid-Rasch Rating Scale Model for Measuring Organizational Resilience Potential
## 2 Materials and Methods
### RAG Phases and the Specific OHS RAG Questionnaire  
The RAG questionnaire is a diagnostic tool based on the four resilience abilities used to assess organizational resilience potential. Specific questions must be tailored to evaluate the organization's resilience potential in the context of OHS challenges.  
The RAG is a method that consists of four phases:  
1. Define and describe the system: This preliminary phase defines the structure, boundaries, time horizon, people and resources involved in the system. This step is critical to narrowing the scope of the analysis, contextualizing the specific questions to be asked, and ensuring that the analysis remains focused. In our case, this is mainly an intellectual exercise, as the data were generated synthetically, and the only people involved were the research team members. What is provided is the application domain of OHS.
2. Select relevant questions for system elements: This stage involves selecting the relevant questions for the key elements of the system being studied. This process requires considerable effort to ensure that the questionnaire is both reliable enough to describe the system and manageable in size to avoid excessive processing time. Although there are abstract similarities in the interpretation of resilience cornerstones across different high-risk domains, it is almost impossible to create universal questions that apply to all contexts. As resilience is closely linked to the specific purpose of the system, each of the four cornerstones must be adapted to the domain in question. This phase is usually iterative, with questions being formulated and refined on an ongoing basis. It involves several subject matter experts (SMEs) to ensure that the questions are specific to the domain and context. In our research project, the domain was OHS. Appendix B reports the OHS-specific questionnaire for responding (Table A1), monitoring (Table A2), learning (Table A3), and anticipating (Table A4).
3. Evaluate questions for each resilience cornerstone: Once the questions are finalized, it is important to identify a pool of system participants who can reliably answer them. Various data collection methods can be used, including informal interviews, open-ended questions in focus groups, narratives, or surveys. Surveys are the most commonly used technique due to their faster turnaround times, although they lack the dynamic interaction that can help address potential gaps or inconsistencies in responses. In our case, the participant pool was virtual and only allowed the ex ante calibration of the questionnaire.
4. Combine Ratings: At this stage, the data are typically presented in a star chart, with each axis representing the variables used to rate each resilience cornerstone. An additional combined star chart may also be created, combining the individual cornerstones to provide an overall view of the organization's resilience. In the standard RAG, the star chart is not a direct measure of resilience but rather a snapshot of resilience capacity at a particular point in time under particular conditions. This representation can be used over time to track progress toward resilience goals and monitor performance trends.