esa-sceva/satcom-chunk-collection huggingface dataset:
## 3 Effects of Vitamin D\({}_{3}\) on Dental MSCs
### Effect of Vitamin D\({}_{3}\) on the Differentiation Potential of Dental MSCs In Vitro
The enhancing effect of 1,25(OH)\({}_{2}\)D\({}_{3}\) on the production of DSPP has also been reported in hDPSCs [56]. [PERSON] et al. showed that 1,25(OH)\({}_{2}\)D\({}_{3}\) promotes the expression of odontogenic factors, like DSPP and dentin matrix acidic phosphoprotein in hDPCs grown on calcium-aluminate-chitosan scaffolds [53]. In human periodontitis cells, 1,25(OH)\({}_{2}\)D\({}_{3}\) induces the expression of cement protein 1, which has been observed on both the gene and protein level [44]. Vitamin D\({}_{3}\) and Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor \(\kappa\)B Ligand Production by Dental MSCs  
The processes of bone remodeling are, on the one hand, regulated by receptor activator of nuclear factor \(\kappa\)B ligand (RANKL), which stimulates bone resorption, and, on the other hand, by osteoprotegerin (OPG), which is the natural RANKL antagonist [62]. In dental tissues, RANKL is produced by several cell types, including T-cells, B-cells, osteoblasts, osteocytes, and dental MSCs. However, the cellular source of RANKL, which is relevant for dental tissues, is a matter of debate [63]. [PERSON] et al. showed orthodontic tooth movement in mice lacking RANKL in periodontal ligament cells, which suggests the functional importance of RANKL originating from dental MSCs [64]. The promoter of RANKL gene contains vitamin D-responsive elements and, therefore, RANKL production is up-regulated by vitamin D\({}_{3}\)[65]. Vitamin D\({}_{3}\) has been shown to affect the RANKL and OPG production by dental MSCs. Particularly, 1,25(OH)\({}_{2}\)D\({}_{3}\) has been reported to up-regulate RANKL expression and down-regulate OPG expression in hPDLCs [66; 67]. Other studies showed that 1,25(OH)\({}_{2}\)D\({}_{3}\) stimulates RANKL production, but does not affect OPG production in hPDLSCs [68] and hDFCs [69]. [PERSON] et al. reported that 1,25(OH)\({}_{2}\)D\({}_{3}\) attenuates OPG expression in hDPCs [70]. Despite this clear evidence of a positive effect of 1,25(OH)\({}_{2}\)D\({}_{3}\) on RANKL production, its physiological importance is controversial. [PERSON] et al. investigated osteoclast formation in the co-culture of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and periodontal ligament fibroblasts in the presence or absence of 1,25(OH)\({}_{2}\)D\({}_{3}\) and found that osteoclastogenesis is strongly stimulated by periodontal ligament fibroblasts, while adding 1,25(OH)\({}_{2}\)D\({}_{3}\) has no further effect on the osteoclasts formation [71]. In contrast, [PERSON] et al. revealed that 1,25(OH)\({}_{2}\)D\({}_{3}\) stimulates hDFCs-induced osteoclastogenesis through a runx-2-dependent mechanism [69].
# A Process-Oriented Method for Tracking Rainstorms with a Time-Series of Raster Datasets
## 3 PoAIR Algorithm
### Reconstructing a Rainstorm Process by Linking Rainstorm Sequences  
Independent rainstorm objects and rainstorm sequences likely belong to the same rainstorm process if they overlap with each other [5, 8, 12]. Thus, we use the spatiotemporal topology between independent rainstorm objects, or between rainstorm sequences, or between an independent rainstorm object and a rainstorm sequence, as a precondition to link them into a new rainstorm sequence. Some of the new rainstorm sequences overlap with each other, which means that one splits into two or more rainstorm sequences, or two or more rainstorm sequences merge into one new sequence. That is, the rainstorm sequences which overlap with each other in space and time are composed of rainstorm processes. Then, PoAIR uses their intersections of rainstorm sequences to reshape and construct rainstorm processes. Figure 4 shows the workflow of the rainstorm reconstruction processes.
###### Abstract  
The formation of Ag nanoparticles on the surface of TiO\({}_{2}\) (AgNP/TiO\({}_{2}\)) to enhance photocatalytic efficiency was studied. The Ag nanoparticles (AgNP) size, form, and distribution dependence on the initial thickness of Ag thin films, annealing temperature, and time were analyzed. The optimal annealing temperature of 400 \({}^{\circ}\)C and annealing time of 60 min were chosen to form AgNP from the initial Ag thin films with a thickness of 5, 7.5, and 10 nm. The formation of AgNP was done on amorphous TiO\({}_{2}\) (a-TiO\({}_{2}\)), which crystallized into the anatase phase after the annealing. The photocatalytic efficiency (k-degradation rate constant, \(D_{\#}\)-degradation efficiency) was evaluated by the photodegradation of Rhodamine B aqueous solution. The results suggested that the highest photocatalytic efficiency of Rhodamine B aqueous solution was reached where the average diameter (\(D_{A}\)) of AgNP was \(\sim\)38 nm (\(k_{38}\) = 0.017 min\({}^{-1}\), \(D_{\#,38}\) = 63.5%), compared to 27 and 82 nm (\(k_{27}\) = 0.012 min\({}^{-1}\), \(D_{\#,27}\) = 51.2% and \(k_{82}\) = 0.011 min\({}^{-1}\), \(D_{\#,82}\) = 52.1%, respectively). The acquired results did not show clear correlation between the size and distribution of the AgNP on the TiO\({}_{2}\) surface and photocatalytic efficiency. Nevertheless, the results suggest that AgNP can enhance the photocatalytic efficiency of TiO\({}_{2}\) thin films (\(k_{TiO2}\) = 0.008 min\({}^{-1}\), \(D_{\#,TiO2}\) = 36.3%).  
titanium dioxide; silver nanoparticles; photocatalysis Article  
The Sensitization of TiO\({}_{2}\) Thin Film by Ag Nanoparticles for the Improvement of Photocatalytic Efficiency. _Appl. Sci._  
15 May 2022  
Accepted: 2 June 2022  
Submitted: 4 June 2022  
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# A Digital Twin System for Adaptive Aligning of Large Cylindrical Components
## 2 DT Aligning System for Cylindrical Components  
### Aligning System of Large Cylindrical Components  
The DT aligning system of the large cylindrical component is composed of four subsystems, i.e., DT process system, control system, process sensing system, and physical execution system, as shown in Figure 2.  
* The DT process system can achieve the virtual modeling of aligning system entities and plan, adjust, and optimize the aligning process of large cylindrical components. It can also plan the aligning path and perform offline simulation on the generated aligning process. During the process execution, the system can also simulate the aligning process based on real-time process data (e.g., three-dimensional (3D) coordinate data of key measurement points monitored on the large component, aligning force perceived at the aligning surface of the large component) driven by geometric model simulation. In addition, the system also has the functions of the offline simulation and online prediction of aligning errors. Furthermore, based on the prediction of aligning errors, the system can adjust or optimize the posture adjustment parameters of large cylindrical components to generate the adaptive aligning trajectories.
* The control system mainly generates a motion control code based on the aligning path planned by the DT process system to drive the physical execution system to complete the aligning task of large components. At the same time, according to the adaptive control algorithm designed in the control system, low-level adaptive control of the aligning process can be carried out based on the process execution state, such as adjusting the motor speed and axial feed.
* The physical execution system refers to the mechanical execution part of the aligning system, which is mainly composed of one static and one dynamic platform system, as shown in Figure 2. The static one is mainly used for installing and positioning the target large cylindrical component, and the dynamic one is mainly used for installing, adjusting, and aligning the large component to be assembled.
* The process sensing system is mainly responsible for collecting process data during the execution of the aligning process, including the displacement, force, 3D coordinates of key measurement points, etc., so as to realize the adjustment and optimization of the aligning process and thus ensure the aligning quality and efficiency of the large cylindrical component.  
In total, through the coordination among the four subsystems mentioned above, the planning and execution control of the aligning process of large components can be realized, and the entire aligning process can be visualized and adjusted or optimized, effectively ensuring the aligning quality and efficiency of large components.
# Abrasive Surface Finishing on SLM 316L Parts Fabricated with Recycled Powder
###### Abstract  
Improving the surface roughness quality of 3D printed components, especially metallic ones, which are fabricated from the selective laser melting (SLM) method, has drawn enormous attention from the research community. It should be noted that various studies on this topic have reported that precise surface roughness results can be obtained with various techniques that are indeed not cost-effective. Differing itself from these studies, this manuscript investigates an economical solution for fabricating and surface treating SLM components. Specifically, the inspected specimens were printed with recycled 316L stainless steel powder and treated solely with two abrasive surface finishing methods. In the manuscript, two scanning strategies namely meander and stripes, and three types of surfaces were investigated. Subsequently, their 2D and 3D surface roughness results were elaborated. After the proposed herein abrasive treatment, 3D surface roughness arithmetical mean height of a surface (Sa) value of 0.9 \(\upmu\)m can be achieved.  
selective laser melting (SLM); surface roughness; abrasive surface finishing; stainless steel; 316L; recycled powder
## 1 Introduction
### Research Aim and Questions  
Bibliometric analysis is a useful tool for understanding research trends, assessing influence, and visualising collaborations. It helps in finding prominent topics, leading researchers, and impactful publications, offering valuable insights into the development of a field. Researchers leverage it to analyse productivity, choose reputable journals, and identify collaboration opportunities. Here are some research questions we have proposed to better understand our study:  
**RQ1**: How has research evolved in text summarisation over the past two decades?  
**RQ2**: Which authors, institutes, and countries are collaborating and contributing most in this field?  
**RQ3**: Which papers are deemed most important by researchers for exploring this field?  
**RQ4**: In which direction should researchers keep an eye for further research?  
The growth of publications over the years is analyzed in RQ1 through a bar graph, showcasing the increasing number of publications. This visualisation helps assess the influence of text summarisation on researchers and its potential for future growth. Additionally, a chord diagram in Section 5 highlights which publishers were more active in specific years. Understanding the interests of different publishers in particular fields enables researchers to identify reputable outlets, track research trends, and refine their publication strategies.  
To address RQ2, network graphs are plotted to visualize collaboration among countries, authors, and institutions as detailed in Sections 3 and 4. These graphs provide insights into the geographical and institutional impact of the field, measuring relationships between entities using attributes like Total Link Strength. This helps highlight the level of collaboration and influence across regions and organisations.  
For RQ3, we identify influential studies and research papers, as discussed in the Survey Findings section. This analysis helps new researchers familiarize themselves with prominent work in the field, building a strong foundation. Finally, RQ4 explores how researchers can align their interests with major contributors or focus on under-represented regions to raise awareness and foster balanced growth within the domain.
## 3 Analysis of SCSRR-Based DGS MIMO Antennas with Different Feed Networks
### Aperture-Coupled Feed  
The schematics and dimensions of aperture-coupled feed MIMO antennas with and without SCSRR-based DGS are shown in Figures 24 and 25, respectively. Figure 26 illustrates the simulated reflection coefficient (\(S_{11}\)) and transmission coefficient (\(S_{21}\)) characteristics of the aperture-coupled MIMO antennas with and without SCSRR-based DGS. From the result comparison, it can be noticed that the SCSRR-based DGS structure did not have significant impact on the antenna isolation for this specific feed mechanism.  
Figure 24: Dimensions of aperture-coupled feed MIMO antenna model without SCSRR-based DGS.  
Figure 25: Dimensions of aperture coupled feed MIMO antenna model with SCSRR-based DGS.  
Figure 26: S-parameters of aperture coupled feed MIMO antennas with and without SCSRR-based DGS.  
To understand the radiation behavior of the aperture feed MIMO antennas, the 3D gain patterns were simulated, as shown in Figure 27. A slightly tilted pattern was yielded with the SCSRR-based DGS arrangement. The surface current distributions of aperture coupled feed MIMO antennas with and without SCSRR-based DGS are shown in Figure 28. Inadequate reduction in the concentration of coupling currents between MIMO antennas were noticed due to the SCSRR-based DGS. A comparative analysis of the MIMO antenna performance with and without SCSRR-based DGS is provided in Table 7.
# A Review of Regional and Global Gridded Forest Biomass Datasets
## 3 Current Gridded Forest Biomass Maps
### AGB Maps from Other Data Sources
#### 3.5.7 Pan-European Map of Forest Biomass Increment
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Region** & **Base Year** & **Fixel Size** & **Forest Mask** & **Methodology** & **Accuracy/Uncertainty** & **Provider** \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Amazon basin} & \multirow{3}{*}{2000–2004} & \multirow{3}{*}{1 km} & Vegetation map of the Amazon basin derived from remote sensing data & Decision tree approach (field data, MODIS, QSCAT, SRTM, JERS-1 and climate data) & More than 80\% accuracy & [PERSON] et al. [5] \\ \cline{3-6}  & & & & MaxEnt (field data, MODIS, QSCAT, SRTM, climate data, and soil data) & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Amazon basin} & \multirow{3}{*}{2000–2004} & \multirow{3}{*}{5 km} & \multirow{3}{*}{–} & MaxEnt (field data, MODIS, QSCAT, SRTM, climate data, and soil data) & \multirow{3}{*}{Not reported} & [PERSON] et al. [74] \\ \cline{3-6}  & & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Brazil} & Not for a specific period & \multirow{3}{*}{50 m} & Up-to-date & Combination (exiting biomass & R = 0.59 & [PERSON] et al. [104] \\  & & LULC map & maps, and LULC map) & & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Cambodia} & \multirow{3}{*}{2009–2010} & \multirow{3}{*}{50 m} & Land use/land cover map based on ASTER 2005 data & Multiple linear regression (field plots, PALSAR, and SRTM) & R\({}^{2}\) = 0.61; RMSE = 21 Mg/ha & [PERSON] et al. [75] \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Colombia} & \multirow{3}{*}{2001–2006} & \multirow{3}{*}{500 m} & \multirow{3}{*}{IGAC forest map} & Regression method (field data and MODIS data) & Not reported & [PERSON] et al. [76] \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Panama} & \multirow{3}{*}{2008–2012} & \multirow{3}{*}{1 ha} & \multirow{3}{*}{–} & Random Forest algorithm (field plot data, GLAS, MODIS, SRTM data, and climate data) & Average pixel-level uncertainty = 20.5 Mg C/ha & [PERSON] et al. [92] \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Peru} & \multirow{3}{*}{2012–2013} & \multirow{3}{*}{1 ha} & \multirow{3}{*}{–} & Random Forest algorithm (field data, airborne LiDAR, MODIS, SRTM, and climate data) & \multirow{3}{*}{RMSE = 27.4 Mg C/ha (model-relationship between top-of-entropy height and aboveground carbon density)} & [PERSON] et al. [93] \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{French Guiana} & \multirow{3}{*}{2003–2012} & \multirow{3}{*}{1 km} & Forest landscape type map & Regression Kriging technique (field data, GLAS, MODIS, PALSAR, geological map, forest landscape data, and climate data) & \multirow{3}{*}{R\({}^{2}\) = 0.48; RMSE = 51 Mg/ha} & [PERSON] et al. [94] \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Madagascar} & \multirow{3}{*}{2010} & \multirow{3}{*}{250 m} & The cloud-free year 2000 forest map obtained from Harper’s map and [PERSON] tree cover map & Random Forest regression (field biomass, MODS, topography, and climate data) & \multirow{3}{*}{R\({}^{2}\) = 0.70; RMSE = 40 Mg/ha} & \multirow{3}{*}{[PERSON] et al. [95]} \\ \cline{3-6}  & & & & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Cont.
## 2 Materials and Methods
### Functional Annotation  
The function of unigenes was annotated based on several public databases, including the NCBI non-redundant protein (Nr, diamond v0.8.22, \(e\)-value = \(10^{-5}\)), the NCBI non-redundant nucleotide (Nt, blast 2.2.28, \(e\)-value = \(10^{-5}\)), Protein family (Pfam, HMMER 3.0 package, \(e\)-value = \(10^{-2}\)), the Swiss-Prot (diamond v0.8.2, \(e\)-value = \(10^{-5}\)), the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG, KAAS, \(e\)-value = \(10^{-10}\)), the euKaryotic Orthology Groups (KOG, diamond v0.8.22, \(e\)-value = \(10^{-3}\)), and Gene Ontology (GO, Blast2 GO v2.5, \(e\)-value = \(10^{-6}\)).
## 4 Evolution of Cadmium Transporters and Their Functions in Cadmium Accumulation
### Function of Cd Transporters
#### 4.2.2 HMAs  
HMAs, also known as P1B-ATPases, are involved in transporting cations across the membrane by consuming energy from ATP hydrolysis [111]. Eight HMA members have been identified in Arabidopsis plants, with AtHMA1-AtHMA4 being able to transport divalent cations such as Cd\({}^{2+}\), Zn\({}^{2+}\), and Pb\({}^{2+}\)[111]. Of these eight HMAs, _AtHMA2_ and _AtHMA4_ are predominately expressed in the tissues surrounding the vascular vessels of roots, and they mediate Cd\({}^{2+}\) efflux from xylem parenchyma cells to xylem vessels, which is necessary for the root-to-shoot Cd translocation [112]. Hyperaccumulators _Thlaspi caerulescens_, _Sedum plumbizincicola_, and _Arabidopsis halleri_ have much higher _HMA4_ gene copy numbers and transcript levels than _Arabidopsis thaliana_[113; 114; 115]; additionally, _HMA4_ is a candidate gene for determining the evolution of the Cd hyperaccumulator phenotype [114]. In rice, OsHMA2 is localized mainly at the PM of the root cells, and it has been proven to play a crucial role in Cd xylem loading and root-to-shoot translocation. The loss of its function decreases significantly the Cd accumulation in leaves and grains [116; 117]. OsHMA3 is a tonoplast-localized transporter and involved in restricting Cd translocation by mediating Cd sequestration into the vacuoles [118]. A loss-of-function allele of _OsHMA3_ could cause high Cd accumulation in rice shoots and grains [119], whereas its overexpression presents a great opportunity to produce Cd-free rice through reducing the Cd concentration in brown rice by 94-98% [120]. In addition, several recent studies have suggested that the natural variation in the promoter or coding region of _HMA3_ contributes to the genotypic difference in Cd accumulation in rice and _Brassica rapa_[121].
## 4 Discussion
### Cell Wall-Modifying Mechanisms Depend on the Growth-Mode  
Among the planktonic and biofilm cultures, only the youngest planktonic cells (PL8 h) displayed a reduced ability to form colonies after an overnight treatment with levofloxacin. Surfaceome differences between the PL8 h and levofloxacin-tolerant planktonic cells at later time points and each biofilm culture could explain this; several proteins attacking peptidoglycan, including the immunodominant antigens IsaA, SsaA, Atl, and Sle1, which are known enzymes able to hydrolase peptidoglycan, displayed the highest activity on PL8 h cells. Increased tolerance of the PL96 h cells and the biofilm cells at each time point (6- and 24-h) could be due to slightly increased temporal abundance of specific peptidoglycan-strengthening enzymes, such as the peptidyltransferase FemX, FemA, and FemB. These enzymes are responsible for assembling the pentaglycine cross-bridges of the peptidoglycan in _S. aureus_[46]. Peptidoglycan also contains d-alanine and p-glutamate, which contribute to the architecture of the peptidoglycan and provide resistance to most known proteases [47]. Our study identified MurD, a UDP-N-acetylmuramyl-t-alanine-d-glutamate ligase as more abundant on planktonic cultures, with the highest level being reached on PL96 h cells. This enzyme catalyzes the addition of d-glutamate to the nucleotide precursor UDP-N-acetyl muramoyl-t-alanine and increased d-alanylation of the lipoteichoic acids (LTAs) has been shown to increase daptomycin (DAP) tolerance in _S. aureus_[48]. LTAs also have important roles in maintaining cell wall integrity, involving the regulation of cell autolysis and coordinating cell division and virulence [49; 50]. The overexpression of lipoteichoic acid synthase (LtaS) and the associated D-alanylation enzymes can contribute to DAP tolerance in methicillin-resistance (MRSA) in _S. aureus_[51]. In this instance, LtaS was notably more abundant on planktonic than on biofilm cells, while the accompanying p-alanylation enzymes (p-alanine-poly/phosphoribitol ligase, p-alanine amino-transferase, and p-alanine-p-alanine ligase) displayed slightly increasing abundance trends during both growth modes.  
Penicillin-binding proteins, having both trans-glycos and trans-peptidase activities, are involved in catalyzing the last stages in peptidoglycan biosynthesis, which is necessary for the elongation of glycan chains and the formation of peptide bonds, respectively [52]. Here, our findings indicated that the synthesis of the penicillin-binding protein 2 p, while decreasing over time in both the planktonic and biofilm cells, is approximately 14-times less produced during planktonic than biofilm growth after 96 h. Thus, our findings indicated that similar cell wall-strengthening mechanisms are used by both growth modes to increase viability under prolonged cultivation, but specific abundance differences could be necessary for planktonic and biofilm cells to survive under these two conditions.