# A Systematic Literature Review of LoRaWAN: Sensors and Applications
## 3 Results
### Other Works Analyzing Different Aspects of LoRaWAN  
This section explains the previous works where the different characteristics of LoRaWAN technology are analyzed, performance studies of LoRaWAN are executed, and the comparative studies where different LPWAN technologies are contrasted. First, we discuss the previous works where different characteristics of LoRaWAN technology are analyzed. In [8], a review of the literature is carried out indicating various applications of LoRaWAN technology, focused mainly on intelligent parking systems. The sensors in these studies were divided into seven different types including camera, ultrasonic, cellular, infrared, radar, magnetometer, and others. Regarding the used wireless protocols, LoRa represented 5% of the total solutions, while other protocols such as ZigBee and IEE 802.15.4 represented 60% and 25%, respectively. The authors also indicate that security implementations have not been taken into account, generating vulnerabilities at the time of data collection. In a similar way, in [38], the areas where LPWAN technologies can be applied are discussed, such as smart cities, water monitoring, environmental monitoring, energy \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline
**Ref** & **Software and Libraries** & **Others** \\ \hline
[14] & MatLab ThingSpeak, Arduino IDE & N/A \\ \hline
[35] & LoRaSIM, NS-3, FLoRa, CupCarbon, & N/A \\  & PhySimulator & \\ \hline
[36] & N/A & 3.3 V 10 F supercapacitors, 10 V solar panel \\ \hline
[26] & LMIC Library, Tiny GPS ++ & N/A \\ \hline
[39] & N/A & Panasonic BP 376634C \\ \hline
[27] & Server OS CentOS 8, InfixDB & N/A \\ \hline
[45] & LoRaSIM & N/A \\ \hline
[46] & Node-RED, Matlab, MySQL & N/A \\ \hline
[47] & FLoRa, OMNeT++ & N/A \\ \hline
[32] & Influx DB & cell- LiPo, SPX3819, MCP4161 \\ \hline
[18] & N/A & Powerbank \\ \hline
[29] & N/A & Logistic regression, ANN, SVM, convolutional neural network, support vector machine. \\ \hline
[20] & N/A & Plastic enclosure \\ \hline
[9] & Ubidots & Kalman filtering, decision trees \\ \hline
[10] & N/A & Powerbank \\ \hline
[22] & N/A & GL552B, solar panel \\ \hline
[12] & WUSN Simulator & Friis model, Peplinski model, complex refractive index model \\ \hline
[52] & NS-3, OMNeT++, FLoRa & N/A \\ \hline
[56] & Matlab & N/A \\ \hline
[59] & Influx DB, Gafana, Node-Red & N/A \\ \hline
[13] & Arduino IDE, LoraMAC-in-C software libraries & N/A \\ \hline
[61] & Matlab & N/A \\ \hline
[63] & NS-3, LoRaPhy, LoRaGWPhy & N/A \\ \hline
[24] & Raspbian OS, Python & N/A \\ \hline
[25] & Kubernetes, Docker, MySQL & N/A \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 8: Software, libraries, and others used in the analyzed solutions. monitoring, emergency services, logistics and automobiles, manufacturing, agriculture, and health, among others. The study also talks about characteristics such as coverage (rural vs. urban, outdoor vs. indoor), capacity (one-way, two-way, scalable), cost of the equipment, cost of the network and its scalability, the use power (efficiency, battery lifetime, latency), and features such as deployment scenarios or specific requirements. Additionally, the authors analyze the different protocols used in the solutions and suggest some best-practice considerations for future advantages, e.g., a reduction in complexity in terms of hardware. Additionally, in [50], the authors perform an empirical study of different IoT applications, ranging from emerging applications such as smart cities, factory automation, and Industry 4.0 to traditional applications such as agriculture, transportation, and smart homes. LoRaWAN is mentioned as a long-range communication standard with a coverage of 5 km in urban areas and up to 20 km in rural areas. Moreover, in [51], the authors present different applications of wireless sensors such as military, agriculture, soil monitoring, and water quality, among others. The authors propose a hybrid architecture that would increase the reliability and precision of communications.