## 4 Results and Discussion
### PlanetiQ-COSMIC Profiles Comparison
#### 4.2.1 Single Profile Comparison
Their investigation elucidated that latitude- and altitude-resolved refractivity and dry temperature climatologies demonstrated minor deviations from the multi-satellite mean, typically within 0.1% and 0.2 K, respectively, across the altitude range of 10 km to 30 km for individual months. Nonetheless, the 3-year average discrepancies were notably lower, registering below 0.03% and 0.05 K, respectively, indicative of a high level of data consistency. The analysis by [14] also demonstrates that FS7/C2 RO data display minimal deviations from ground truth observations, exhibiting consistent vertical variations when compared with other datasets. Temperature profile discrepancies are below 0.5 \({}^{\circ}\)C, and deviations in WVP remain within 2 mb in the lower troposphere. Figure 11 shows the regression between PlanetQ and COSMIC profiles over the same time and location. The examination of pressure profiles from both the PlanetQ and COSMIC datasets reveals an exceptional correlation (r = 1.00), indicating a perfect linear relationship. The mean difference of 0.15 mb, RMSE of 0.31 mb, and mean absolute value (MAV) of 0.16 mb suggest a generally close agreement between the two datasets. These results signify the reliability of pressure measurements at different altitudes. Notably, the altitudes corresponding to the minimum and maximum differences provide valuable insights, with the minimum occurring at 10.1 km (0.00 mb) and the maximum at 2.6 km (1.39 mb), which may indicate specific atmospheric phenomena at these levels. The temperature profiles show a strong correlation (r = 1.00) between the PlanetQ and COSMIC datasets. The mean difference of 0.17 \({}^{\circ}\)C, RMSE of 1.24 \({}^{\circ}\)C, and MAV of 0.95 \({}^{\circ}\)C indicate a consistent agreement, albeit with larger variations compared to pressure. These results highlight the overall accuracy of Temperature measurements, with the altitudes associated with the minimum and maximum differences at 31.0 km (0.00 \({}^{\circ}\)C) and 45.4 km (3.15 \({}^{\circ}\)C), respectively. Larger differences at higher altitudes may be indicative of sensitivity to specific atmospheric conditions. The WVP profiles demonstrate a perfect correlation (r = 1.00) between the PlanetQ and COSMIC datasets. The mean difference of \(-\)0.04 mb, RMSE of 0.12 mb, and MAV of 0.04 mb imply a near overall agreement. These findings support the reliability of WVP measurements at different altitudes. The altitude variations, with the least difference at 30.3 km (0.00 mb) and the largest at 5.3 km (0.60 mb), emphasize the significance of altitude-dependent variances and may provide insights into atmospheric moisture distribution. Figure 10: Differences in values between pressure, temperature, WVP, and refractivity profiles. Analyzing Refractivity profiles reveals a strong correlation (r = 1.00) between the PlanetiQ and COSMIC datasets. The mean difference of \(-\)0.10, RMSE of 0.57, and MAV of 0.25 indicate a strong agreement with some variability. These results suggest the overall accuracy of refractivity measurements, with the altitudes associated with the minimum and maximum discrepancies at 46.1 km (0.00) and 5.35 km (2.53), respectively. Variations at different altitudes may be indicative of distinct atmospheric scattering properties. In agreement with the present findings, the comparison between the Spire and COSMIC-2 datasets in [10] showcases minor differences across key atmospheric parameters, including pressure, temperature, WVP, and refractivity. Both datasets demonstrate fractional differences within acceptable ranges when compared to the ERA5 model, underscoring their reliability. Specifically, the Spire and COSMIC-2 datasets exhibit fractional differences within a few percentage points across various altitude levels, indicating comparable retrieval qualities. Additionally, the statistical analysis reveals consistent performance of both datasets across different RO event modes and altitude ranges, further emphasizing their reliability and accuracy.