## 4 Results and Discussion on the Survey
### Detailed Analysis of the Survey Using Chi-Square Analysis
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l l l l l l} \hline
**Practice** & **North** & \begin{tabular}{l} **North** \\ **(Expected)** \\ \end{tabular} & **Center** & \
\begin{tabular}{l} **Center** \\ **(Expected)** \\ \end{tabular} & **South** &
\begin{tabular}{l} **South** \\ **(Expected)** \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline Optimizing processes to & & & & & & \\ minimize water and chemical & 0.53 & 0.29 & 0.27 & 0.06 & 0.20 & 0.05 \\ usage & & & & & & \\ Utilizing energy-efficient & & & & & & \\ machinery in various stages of & 0.57 & 0.31 & 0.21 & 0.05 & 0.21 & 0.05 \\ processing & & & & & & \\ Implementing waste heat & & & & & & \\ recovery systems to capture & & & & & \\ and reuse heat generated & 0.80 & 0.43 & 0.20 & 0.05 & 0.00 & 0.00 \\ during processes & & & & & & \\ Employing natural and & & & & & & \\ biodegradable fibers & 0.71 & 0.38 & 0.13 & 0.03 & 0.17 & 0.04 \\ Adopting closed-loop systems & & & & & & \\ for water and chemical reuse & 0.50 & 0.27 & 0.50 & 0.12 & 0.00 & 0.00 \\ in dyeing and finishing & & & & & & \\ Utilizing pre-colored fibers to & & & & & \\ eliminate the dyeing process & 0.33 & 0.18 & 0.17 & 0.04 & 0.50 & 0.12 \\ and associated pollutants & & & & & & \\ Investing in air filtration & & & & & & \\ systems to capture and reduce & 0.50 & 0.27 & 0.00 & 0.00 & 0.50 & 0.12 \\ harmful airborne emissions & & & & & & \\ Treating wastewater & 0.42 & 0.23 & 0.25 & 0.06 & 0.33 & 0.08 \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 21: Contingency and expected frequencies table—question 16.  
geographical location of companies and sustainable practices to reduce emissions and pollutants in the textile sector. Question 17. To apply the chi-square analysis, the hypothesis is as follows: There is a significant relationship between the geographical location of companies and the barriers they encounter to implement sustainability and circular economy practices. The percentages of companies that selected each barrier (Organizational, Supply chain, Financial, Technological, Market related, Customer driven, Governmental, Other) and the expected frequencies for each geographical area are reported in Table 22.  
The chi-square calculated was 10.24. The hypothesis was tested at 5% level of significance. Since 10.2409 is less than the critical value, in this case 23.685, we cannot accept the hypothesis. This means that there is no statistical evidence of a significant relationship between the geographical location of companies and the barriers they face in implementing sustainability practices. Question 18. In relation to this question, the hypothesis that was made is as follows: There is a significant relationship between the geographical location of companies and services that companies think are necessary to increase circularity and sustainability. In Table 23, the proportion of the companies based on the geographical area they belong to and the expected frequencies for each service are reported. The chi-square calculated, according to the formula, was 8.343. The hypothesis was tested at 5% level of significance. In this hypothesis, the chi-square calculated was smaller \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l l l l l l} \hline \hline
**Services** & **North** & **North (Expected)** & **Center** & \
\begin{tabular}{l} **Center** \\ **(Expected)** \\ \end{tabular} & **South** &
\begin{tabular}{l} **South** \\ **(Expected)** \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline LCA analysis & 0.50 & 0.27 & 0.21 & 0.05 & 0.29 & 0.07 \\ Ecodesign & 0.50 & 0.27 & 0.11 & 0.02 & 0.39 & 0.09 \\ Integration of & & & & & & \\ traceability & 0.55 & 0.30 & 0.20 & 0.05 & 0.25 & 0.06 \\ systems & & & & & & \\ Advanced & & & & & & \\ services related to & 0.80 & 0.43 & 0.00 & 0.00 & 0.20 & 0.05 \\ freight logistics & & & & & & \\ Digitalization & 0.54 & 0.29 & 0.23 & 0.05 & 0.23 & 0.05 \\ support services & & & & & & \\ Training services & & & & & & \\ on the & & & & & & \\ management of & & & & & & \\ processes & & & & & & \\ Other & 0.60 & 0.32 & 0.40 & 0.09 & 0.00 & 0.00 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}