## 4 Results
### Comparison between Slosh and Motf Study  
Through the research method proposed in this paper and the data provided by FEMA MOTF, the inundation maps of FEMA MOTF Sandy in NYC were obtained. Sub-basin 133 was taken as an example; Figure 7 presents the inundation map of FEMA MOTF Sandy in sub-basin 133. Combining the inundation map of FEMA MOTF Sandy and the previously obtained inundation map of Slosh C1 and C2 hurricanes, this study compared the data obtained from the maps. The flood depths of 11 of 14 WWTPs in FEMA MOTF Sandy were greater than those of the Slosh C1 hurricane, and 10 of them were greater than those of the Slosh C2 hurricane. Similar flood depth was observed by [PERSON] et al. who used a hydrodynamic model to simulate the flood inundation due to Hurricane Sandy for Coney Island WWTP [43]. We also wanted to highlight the fact that, although Hurricane Sandy reached a maximum strength of category 2 hurricane, it was only with the strength of a tropical storm (TS) during its landfall along the east coast of the United States. This means that other factors affect the flooding of WWTPs, such as heavy rainfall. Therefore, in the next section, this study analyzes cascading events. Figure 6: **(a)** Percentage of submerged length caused by three extreme events to 14 WWTPs and **(b)** amount of damage caused by three extreme events to 14 WWTPs. Table 5 shows that in the data of Hurricane Sandy provided by FEMA MOTF, some WWTPs had relatively large flood depths, but the proportion of their buildings being submerged was not large. For example, the Hunts Point WWTP had a flood depth of 13.17 m, which was almost twice the flood depth of the C2 hurricane, but only 2.29% of the plant was flooded due to Sandy, which was far less than the 42.2% caused by the C2 hurricane. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline  & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**SLOSH C1**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**SLOSH C2**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**FEMA Sandy**} \\ \cline{2-7}
**WWTPs** & \begin{tabular}{c} **Percentage of** \\ **the Submerged** \\ **Length** \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} **Flood Depth** \\ **(m)** \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} **Percentage of** \\ **the Submerged** \\ **Length** \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} **Flood Depth** \\ **(m)** \\ \end{tabular} & \
\begin{tabular}{c} **Percentage of** \\ **the Submerged** \\ **Length** \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} **Flood Depth** \\ **(m)** \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline Port Richmond & 50.23\% & 3.83 & 96.66\% & 9.54 & 34.92\% & 5.91 \\ Oakwood Beach & 13.55\% & 1.54 & 52.75\% & 7.78 & 38.60\% & 15.54 \\ Tallman Island & 7.94\% & 0.46 & 94.25\% & 6.66 & 16.35\% & 13.08 \\ Rockaway & 68.28\% & 2.33 & 100\% & 9.42 & 100\% & 13.9 \\ Jamaica & 0.00\% & 0 & 98.09\% & 4.67 & 0.00\% & 0 \\ Bowery Bay & 3.37\% & 0.24 & 63.19\% & 6.46 & 5.70\% & 9.07 \\ Hunts Point & 2.74\% & 0.35 & 42.20\% & 6.55 & 2.29\% & 13.17 \\ Red Hook & 20.53\% & 4.58 & 100\% & 10.62 & 21.75\% & 3.46 \\ Owls Head & 24.57\% & 1.42 & 100\% & 7.89 & 31.59\% & 11.47 \\ Newtown Creek & 59.47\% & 3.73 & 92.13\% & 9.65 & 46.35\% & 17.38 \\ Coney Island & 0.00\% & 0 & 100\% & 7.22 & 50.38\% & 13.04 \\
26 th Ward & 1.21\% & 1.83 & 91.36\% & 12.48 & 28.01\% & 13.15 \\ North River & 7.66\% & 12.84 & 55.71\% & 19 & 50.52\% & 11.11 \\ Wards Island & 0.00\% & 0 & 6.94\% & 5.1 & 5.25\% & 7.03 \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 5: Comparison of maximum flood depth between FEMA MOTF Sandy, SLOSH C1, and C2 hurricanes. Figure 7: The inundation map of FEMA MOTF Sandy in sub-basin 133. In addition, this study used the amount of damage in the evaluation equation in HAZUS to develop the data provided in Table 6.  
As seen in Table 6, through FEMA MOTF Sandy, SLOSH C1, and C2 hurricanes, the total damage of 14 WWTPs was USD 1.172 billion, 1.1848 billion, and 306 million, respectively. A study conducted by [PERSON] et al. also found similar flood depth for the WWTPs in NYC where the flood depth simulated by HAZUS for different return periods of flooding for Hunts Point WWTP [44].