# 3D FEA of Infilled RC Framed Structures Protected by Seismic Joints and FRP Jackets
## 5 Conclusions  
The developed 3D FE analytical models provide satisfactory predictions of the experimental P-5 response of the RC frame A2R with infills and FRPU jacketing. Similarly, satisfactory are the predictions for the experimental top acceleration-drift response of the INMASPOL structure having seismic protection through PUFJs in PHASE 1 and then retrofitting with FRPU jackets in PHASE 2. The external application of double-sided FRPU jackets on the OrthoBlock infill resulted in a remarkable top displacement ductility of the infilled RC frame A2R, with a negligible base shear reduction up to a 3.6% drift for push (+) and (-). FRPU jackets with highly deformable polyurethane impregnation resin may maintain an adequate bond with the surrounding RC frame. Further, they maintain an adequate bond with the brick infill substrate. In all cases, FRPU jacketing ensured the integrity of the infill and of the jacket, excluding total or partial collapse of the infill or of smaller parts. The INMASPOL real-scale RC frame possesses a low base shear capacity and a high ductility to satisfy the aims of the shake table tests: (a) carry enough mass to lead the real-scale infilled structure to in-plane infill failure and allow for the investigation of the infill contribution at high ductility levels and up to failure; (b) suffer specially designed severe excitation for the out-of-plane performance of the infills. The real-scale RC structure with OrthoBlock infills and PUFJ highly deformable seismic joints exhibited a ductile top acceleration-drift behavior (which is equivalent to a ductile base shear-drift behavior) up to a 3.7% drift, without degradation of the top acceleration (base shear). No collapse of the infills tested in plane or out of plane after a 3.7% drift was evidenced. The damage to infills of type B could be repaired with emergency FRPU external jackets without any special treatment of the infill. After its emergency repair with FRPU (PHASE 2), the structure exhibited a rather linear elastic-like top acceleration-drift behavior (equivalent to a linear elastic base shear-drift behavior) up to 1.62%, without degradation of the top acceleration (base shear). The FRPU maintained the integrity of the damaged infills, and collapse was avoided. The abovementioned dynamic experimental results validate the advanced seismic protection provided by the 20 mm-thick PUFJ to the infill and the RC frame. An undesirable interaction was avoided, and the base shear drift behavior was remarkably ductile, while the potential of the structure was expected to be higher (tests at higher accelerations were avoided to prevent the structure from collapse and continue with PHASES 2 and 3). Similarly, the results in PHASE 2 validate the advanced retrofit of the predamaged infills by the FRPU jackets, while the potential of the structure was expected, again, to be higher. The advanced FE analyses allowed for a comparative investigation of the analytical response of the bare RC structure (model 1) against analytical models 2 and 3. The infilled  
Figure 8: Damage accumulation in model 3 DOW at the end of PHASE 2 (upper part). structure with seismic protection developed a three times higher maximum acceleration (or base shear) than the bare RC structure at PHASE 1. The corresponding increase in the initial stiffness was similarly remarkable while maintaining the high displacement ductility, with a 3.7% horizontal drift. At PHASE 2, the FRPU retrofitted structure still revealed a higher initial stiffness when compared with the bare structure, while it could develop, at least, around double the maximum acceleration (base shear). Model 3 reproduced the FRPU repair effects despite the local brick damage. Broad infill regions (predamaged inregions cluded) were engaged through the interaction with the highly deformable FRPU jacket and the RC frame through the PUFJ. It seems that FRPU bridged the damaged brick infill areas and, together with the PUFJ, succeeded in causing a beneficial stress redistribution within the infill.