## 6 Properties of Breast Cancer Drugs  
Current cancer treatments encompass surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, each posing threats to healthy tissues or potentially leaving behind cancerous cells. However, nanotechnology promises a direct and selective approach to target cancer cells, aid in tumor surgeries, and amplify the effects of current treatments [39]. The potential outcomes include enhanced patient safety and better chances of recovery. Going beyond the improved drug delivery system, nanotechnology plays a significant role in cancer treatment by enabling innovative approaches tailored to the unique attributes of nanomaterials [39]. Despite being smaller than cells, nanoparticles can house various types of small molecule compounds. Their ample surface area can be customized with several ligands, like peptides, DNA or \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt}} \hline \hline
**Nanomaterials/Nanoformulations** & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Nature of Nanomaterial/Delivery Mechanism**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Results**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**References**} \\ \hline HA-Dox/PHIS/R848 nanoparticles: R848, was encapsulated with poly(L-histidine) (PHIS) to form PHIS/R848 nanocores, and doxorubicin (Dox) was conjugated to hyaluronic acid (HA) & Dual pH-dependent multifunctional amphiphilic chemotherapy and immunotherapy & Impressive tumor-targeting ability and effective inhibition tumor growth by regulating immunity and directly eliminating cancer cells & [66] \\ Folic acid-conjugated polyacrylic acid-coated mesoporous silica nanoparticles loaded with chrysin & pH-sensitive & In vivo regression of tumors, restoration of normal tissue structure, and the preservation of a healthy body weight & [66] \\ Phenylboronic acid (PBA)-conjugated zinc oxide nanoparticles (PBA-ZnO), loaded with quercetin BSA-stabilized graphene/chitosan nanocomposites conjugated with breast cancer drugs & pH-sensitive & Reduction in tumor growth & [77] \\ Palladium-ruthenium nanohybrid with polypyrid complex (PdRu-RCE@PCM NPs) & \multicolumn{2}{c}{pH-sensitive} & Reduction in tumor growth & [77] \\ Programmed death-1 (PD-1)-modified gold-promoting satellite copper selenide nanocrystals & \multicolumn{2}{c}{pH-sensitive} & Reduced the burst release observed compared to that for pure chitosan nanoparticles & [72] \\ Cetuximab- and doxorubicin-conjugated liposome-mediated magnetic nanoparticles & \multicolumn{2}{c}{Temperature-sensitive (photothermal targeting therapy)} & Inhibition of primary tumor growth and tumor metastasis & [77] \\ (Triptolide) TPL@nanogel & \multicolumn{2}{c}{Photothermal targeting therapy} & Apoptosis of cancer cells & [77] \\ Lauric acid encapsulated in a biocompatible silica shell & \multicolumn{2}{c}{Combined treatment of therapy and targeted chemotherapy in thermo-sensitive nanocarriers} & Reduction in viability of breast cancer cells & [77] \\ Hollow gold nanostars (HGNSs) and gold nanocages (GNCs) with doxorubicin (Dox) attached Chitosan/gelatin hybrid nanogel incorporating gold nanoparticles (CS/AuNPs@Gel-Dox nanogel) Disuffram and doxorubicin conjugated with polymeric nanoparticles & Temperature/pH-dependent mechanism & A high cell mortality and apoptotic effects were observed & [80] \\ Peptide conjugate crafted to combined mild photothermal therapy with immunotherapy in a unified nanosystem (POL-MSN) Dox-loaded MSNs with poly (\(\beta\)-amino ester) and boronate esters & Enzyme responsive & Successful absorption by cells. Cell cytotoxicity revealed that the drug carrier was efficient Increased cytotoxicity against & [84] \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Cont. RNA strands, and even antibodies. These ligands serve dual purposes: they can both treat and guide the nanoparticles in the body. This multifunctionality facilitates combined treatment methods, simultaneous diagnosis, and therapy-termed therapists. Commercially available therapeutic drugs for BC can be classified as hydrophilic or hydrophobic, depending on their solubility in water.