# Application of Visual Radiographic Analysis of Quality Grade of Table Eggs
## 1 Introduction
Medical gray-scale images are a multi-layer photometric interpretation of monochrome imaging composed of black and white. They are compressed and stored in the file format under DICOM and are the basis for the analysis of radiography [18]. The number of bits determines the layers of grayness of the image. In radiography, the exposure factors that control kVp not only determine the penetration intensity of the X-rays they also affect the contrast of the image. In addition, the exposure factors that control mAs determines the quality of the continuous production of X-rays and affects the density of the image. Based on these factors, X-rays generate image signals of the illuminated object in response to the linear attenuation coefficients of different substances and the absorption intensity of the ionizing radiation [19]. The gray-scale imaging of digital imaging equipment aims to render the responses of the display units in each photodiode to the brightness of the received photons, and to reproduce the gray-scale layers, from black to bright, at high resolution [20]. The digital imaging equipment will then receive, output, and render the signals of the interaction between the X-rays and the density of the illuminated object. Taking 8-bit imaging as an example. According to the intensity of the signals, the output image is converted into \(2^{8}\) = 256 layers of a photometric interpretation of the monochrome. The gray layers are composed of pixels with values from zero to 255. On the gray layers, a pixel value of zero is pure black (dark). The higher the value, the whiter (brighter) it is. Therefore, on a gray layer, a pixel value of 255 is rendered as pure white. This mapping renders a two-dimensional matrix gray-scale radiography image of the illuminated object [12]. Current grading of egg quality in the market is based on the standards set by the U.S. Department of Agriculture [2]. A variety of imaging techniques were used in the research for egg quality grading. Most of them use spectroscopy capturing and analysis for quality grading [21; 22; 23], which can only determine the superficial visual difference but cannot quantitatively analyze the entire egg. X-ray radiographic imaging techniques are gaining popularity nowadays in various fields of agriculture and food-quality evaluation [24; 25]. [PERSON] et al. have shown that dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scanning can be used as a non-invasive technique to determine egg composition and shell quality [26]. However, limited studies have focused on the evaluation of egg quality using X-ray radiographic imaging. The purpose of this study is to conduct nondestructive X-ray gray-scale fluoroscopy imaging using medical digital radiography. In addition, a stratification analysis of the matrix data visualization is used to conduct statistical calculations on the quantitative quality and percentage of air cells with gray-scale values. Quality and freshness were quantitatively calculated for analysis and compared to provide more scientific references on calculation techniques for expanding the application fields of digital radiography.