## 2 Literature Review  
Recently, the demand for the deployment of sensor networks in the underwater environment has gained significant attention in the networking domain with unique features and continuous sensing movement. A protocol for the IoUTs, namely Energy-Balanced Efficient and Reliable Routing (EBER\({}^{2}\)) is discussed in [14] to balance energy and achieve reliability. EBER\({}^{2}\) deliberates enduring significance and the number of PFN transmission choices divided among the power levels to enhance energy effectiveness. The protocol allows forwarders to adaptively control their communication according to the utmost node in the neighbor list of the network. To reduce the duplication of packets, residual energy, PFNs, and their depths are compared among the neighbors. Moreover, two sinks are deployed at high-density traffic areas to reduce network latency. The study results show that EBER\({}^{2}\) has lowered energy consumption and identical packets with low packet delivery ratios compared with the Weighting Depth and Forwarding Area Division-Depth Based Routing (WDFAD-DBR)protocol [15]. The WDFAD-DBR mechanism considers the depth of the next forwarding node, through which it avoids void holes. Multiple IoUTs schemes have been designed to prevent voids holes, including AVH-AHH-VBF and SM-AHH-VBF [9]. These schemes' main concern is to raise the lifespan of the sensor network system with low energy consumption. The study results show that the proposed methods outperform high energy consumption with an end-to-end interruption in packet transfer, average packet delivery ratio, and average propagation distance compared with the baseline solution. Another issue is imbalance of energy consumption that degrades the overall performance of sensor-based networks with high data-traffic flow between intermediate nodes [3]. Many researchers have worked for efficient energy consumption and data-traffic distribution to reduce the intermediate node's packet forwarding ratio. For this purpose, an Energy Grade (EG) and load-balance-distributed corona were proposed in [10]. A corona-deprived EG and a corona deprived of Depth Adjustment (DA)-enabled schemes are proposed to allocate the flow of data traffic nodes for effective energy distribution. The dynamic alteration of the communication range in the initial method supports the reduction of data load. Both EG and DA work to allocate data traffic for equal distribution of energy. IoUTs face serious packet delivery problems, packet loss, and collisions because of the solid placement of the sensing nodes in severe underwater environments. The retransmission of the packets causes a lot of energy consumption and interruption, and delays in packet delivery. A framework was proposed in [4] to minimize energy loss, maximize throughput, and improve the network's lifetime. A three-dimensional 3D acoustic scenario [5] usually works with a distributed sink that is not static in network stability, packet loss analysis, and lifetime. Furthermore, the proposed framework was compared with prevailing techniques like Mobicast and iAMCTD protocols that pointed out node compactness in the network with an adaptation of varying depth consequences and DA in low energy consumption reduces retransmission and improved throughput [8]. The proposed framework delivers an improved performance for real-time interruption-based applications over the current mechanisms. The major challenge of the IoUTs is sending data towards the sink stations; due to the continuous movement of the nodes, it becomes difficult to transfer data. In order to overcome this problem, we make the orbit-based routing path in our proposed scheme with supporting thories listed in [16; 17] and Opportunistic Routing Protocols (ORPs) [18; 19] are examined to expand performance with a dynamic selection of one best forwarding device from the other.