###### Abstract
Beginning with Mg NPs uses in biomedical applications, Mg is used in commercial wound healing products due to its cell growth-promoting effects [26]. Additionally, Mg NPs (or MgO NPs) have been used in developing sensors for cholera detection [27]. Magnesium tablets/gels have been sold for decades in shops and pharmacies (without requiring a prescription) for improving bone/joint health, fighting illnesses associated with menopause, fighting against heart disease and fighting against constipation just to mention a few. In fact, Mg is involved in over 300 chemical reactions in the human body [26], making it a requisite mineral/metal for the body. Mg is used in medicine and hygiene products owing to its anti-bacterial effects, low toxicity (biocompatibility) and low cost (due to high abundance). In a report in 2021 by [PERSON] et al. [28], MgOH NPs were proven to have the ability to kill bacterial cells (Escherichia coli), a result confirmed via SEM analysis. The researchers experimented with various nanoparticle sizes, coming to the conclusion that nanoparticles of a size around 75 nm showed the best anti-bacterial effects. The aforementioned point indicates the need for a nanoparticle-fabrication process with precise nanoparticle size control such as PLAL. Wearables are becoming increasingly useful tools for people with health conditions such as diabetes and heart disease. They can help people keep track of their medical data and provide a personalised view of their condition. The advances in miniaturisation of electronic components and biosensors have led to the development of wearable devices that can collect data about their environment. Wearable devices that can collect medical data are becoming more prevalent in the Internet of Things, enabling doctors to remotely monitor patients and easily store data. Furthermore, Mg NPs are used to enhance mechanical properties in composites. Metallic nanoparticles in general are extensively used in 3D/4D printing [24; 29] and the development of flexible electronics [25; 30] for the enhancement of mechanical/electrical properties. Lastly, MgO has been used in electronics for insulation applications due to its low heat capacity and high melting point [31]. Mg NPs have plasmonic effects; additionally, Mg is fully biocompatible and is ranked as the fourth most common element on Earth, making it a good candidate for plasmonics [32]. Due to the rate of population/economicgrowth, the world energy consumption is estimated to double [33; 34]; therefore, research on clean energy sources such as magnesium-based batteries has gained much attention in the literature. Magnesium-based batteries were reviewed in a report published in 2021 [34]. Magnesium has gained this interest in battery technology owing to its high theoretical volumetric capacity (i.e., 3833 mAh cm\({}^{-3}\) vs. 2046 mAh cm\({}^{-3}\) for lithium), and dendrite-free attribute when used as an anode during cycling [34]. Magnesium is a promising product for the replacement of lithium for batteries, with Mg being more than 10,000 times more abundant than Li in the Earth's crust. In 2020, a group of researchers reported a hydrogen sensor composed from nano-blocks of magnesium [35]. Magnesium undergoes a phase transition to a dielectric material upon absorbing hydrogen and the research team utilised this special property as a sensing mechanism. The far-field scattering distribution of the sensor varies after exposure to hydrogen. In another report, MgO NPs were used as a coating layer to improve the efficiency of dye-sensitised solar cells owing to their wide bandgap [36]. Furthermore, an increase in environmental pollutants and the awareness thereof has led to a rapid increase in research concerning environmental rescue. Adsorption has been extensively used as a means to eliminate organophosphates, metal ions (e.g., Pb and Cd ions) and dyes in waste water [37; 38; 39].