# Emerging Drivers of Adoption of Generative AI Technology in Education: A Review
## The Three-Tier Framework for GenAI Technology Adoption in Education  
* Empirical Evidence  
Research highlights the dual nature of Perceived Behavioral Control (PBC) in influencing GenAI adoption. [PERSON] et al. (2019) and [PERSON] et al. (2019) demonstrate that PBC significantly impacts Behavioral Intention (BI), emphasizing that users' confidence in their ability to manage GenAI usage plays a critical role in adoption decisions. Similarly, [PERSON] et al. (2019) identify PBC, alongside attitudes and subjective norms, as a strong predictor of technology use, underscoring its importance in shaping both intention and behavior. Conversely, other studies question the consistent significance of PBC in predicting adoption. [PERSON] et al. (2019) report that while attitudes strongly influenced usage intentions, PBC did not significantly impact BI. Likewise, [PERSON] et al. (2019) observed that attitudes and subjective norms were more dominant predictors of GenAI adoption, with PBC playing a minimal role. These findings suggest that the influence of PBC may depend on external factors such as facilitating conditions or social pressures, which can overshadow users' perceptions of control. Overall, while PBC is relevant in certain contexts, its role in GenAI adoption is highly variable, shaped by the interplay of individual and environmental factors. * Rationale  
Perceived Behavioral Control (PBC) is a moderate predictor of GenAI adoption, shaped by its context-dependent nature. In settings where users feel confident in their ability to manage the adoption process--such as those with robust self-efficacy and access to necessary resources--PBC significantly influences Behavioral Intention (BI) and actual usage. It empowers users to overcome barriers and navigate challenges, particularly in environments where personal agency plays a central role. However, in contexts dominated by external factors like institutional support, social norms, or organizational mandates, the influence of PBC diminishes, as external determinants take precedence. This variability highlights the interplay between PBC and other factors, such as facilitating conditions and social influence. While not universally strong, PBC remains influential in specific contexts where individual control and resource availability are critical. This makes it a moderate but fundamental factor in the framework, addressing diverse user needs and supporting adoption in scenarios where autonomy and self-efficacy drive engagement. Perceived Compatibility  
* Definition  
Perceived Compatibility refers to the degree to which GenAI aligns with users' needs, values, and educational practices. Basically, it reflects how well GenAI fits into users' existing systems, workflows, and expectations within an educational context. * Empirical Evidence  
Studies consistently show that Perceived Compatibility significantly influences the adoption of GenAI, with alignment between the technology and users' needs, values, and educational practices playing a key role. [PERSON] et al. (2019) found that GenAI is more likely to be adopted when it fits well with users' educational workflows and needs, emphasizing the technology's relevance and usability. Similarly, [PERSON] et al. (2019) highlighted that Perceived Compatibility facilitates Behavioral Intention (BI) by making GenAI more intuitive and useful, particularly when it integrates seamlessly into existing systems and practices. The absence of opposing findings suggests that, within the contexts studied, compatibility with existing practices consistently supports adoption. However, this could reflect a limited range of studies in the field, and future research may reveal more complex dynamics or variations depending on specific educational environments. Although Perceived Compatibility has not been challenged significantly in the reviewed studies, its influence remains context-dependent, and further exploration of its role across diverse educational settings is warranted.