## 3 Test Results  
### Fresh Properties of RPC  
#### 3.1.1 Flowability of RPC  
Flowability is one of the important properties of RPC, because the mixture of RPC contains a relatively high amount SF, which makes the concrete sticky in nature and hard to handle. The results of the flow table test are given in Table 3. Except for the mixture 0.18 WB-0 SF, the final flow values of RPC after dropping the flow table ranged from 150 mm to 250 mm for all of the mixtures, which ensured comfortable concrete placing at the sufficient level of workability. It should be noted that the mixture of 0.26 WB-20 SF has the highest WB and 1.5% SP content.  
Figure 2 presents relative flowability of six key mixtures. The relative flowability (\(\Gamma_{\rm m}\)) value of the mixture containing a higher amount of SF at the same WB was lower than those of the mixtures with low SF content. For instance, the \(\Gamma_{\rm m}\) of mixture 0.22 WB-25 SF containing 25% SF was 1.72, whereas that of mixture 0.22 WB-15 SF containing 15% SF was 3.31. When the replacement percentage of SF increases and the same amount of SP is used, the reduction of \(\Gamma_{\rm m}\) in the mixture is attributed to the high specific surface area of SF.  
Figure 2 also shows the effect of WB on the \(\Gamma_{\rm m}\). As expected, the \(\Gamma_{\rm m}\) of the mixture containing the same amount of SF was increased as WB was increased. It should be noted that the relatively low \(\Gamma_{\rm m}\) in the plain mixture 0.22 WB-0 SF is due to the dosage of 1% SP, which is not like the other mixtures containing 1.5% SP.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**No.**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Mixture ID**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Before Dropping**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**After Dropping**} & \multirow{2}{*}{\(\Gamma_{\rm m}\)} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Porosity**} \\ \cline{3-3} \cline{5-10}  & & \(d_{0}^{1}\) (mm) & \(d_{0}^{2}\) (mm) & & \(d_{1}\) (mm) & & \(d_{2}\) (mm) & & **7-d** & **28-d** & **56-d** \\ \hline
**1** & **0.18 WB-20 SF** & **110** & **110** & **150** & **150** & **1.25** & **3.84** & **4.14** & **5.28** \\
2 & 0.1917W-23.54 SF & 100 & 107 & 195 & 200 & 2.90 & 5.27 & 5.77 & 5.44 \\
**3** & **0.22 WB-25 SF** & **105** & **100** & **165** & **165** & **1.72** & **6.72** & **6.66** & **5.40** \\
**4** & **0.22B-20 SF** & **125** & **120** & **205** & **200** & **3.10** & **5.60** & **5.27** & **4.04** \\
5 & 0.2483 WB-23.54 SF & 115 & 115 & 200 & 190 & 2.80 & 9.18 & 7.43 & 7.98 \\
**6** & **0.26 WB-20 SF** & **120** & **125** & **250** & **250** & **5.25** & **12.95** & **15.05** & **10.80** \\
7 & 0.2483 WB-16.46 SF & 110 & 110 & 150 & 155 & 1.33 & 8.43 & 8.77 & 7.13 \\
**8** & **0.22 WB-15 SF** & **120** & **125** & **210** & **205** & **3.10** & **9.24** & **8.65** & **11.34** \\
9 & 0.1917 WB-16.46 SF & 110 & 110 & 175 & 165 & 1.89 & 10.15 & 5.58 & 3.59 \\
10 & 0.18 WB-0 SF & 100 & 105 & 130 & 135 & 0.76 & 11.74 & 7.27 & 2.95 \\
**11** & **0.22 WB-0 SF** & **100** & **100** & **160** & **165** & **1.64** & **10.17** & **13.47** & **8.61** \\
12 & 0.26 WB-0 SF & 100 & 100 & 165 & 160 & 1.64 & 14.77 & 16.20 & 9.60 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} \(\Gamma_{\rm m}\): calculated using flow cone diameter (100 mm).  
\end{table}
Table 3: Flowability and porosity test results.