# Augmented Reality-Based Framework Supporting Visual Inspection for Automotive Industry
## 5 Conclusions and Future Perspective  
In this paper, we have presented an innovative view of visual inspection for an automotive industry based on AR technology. AR is a technology that can support a human being's sense of vision. Particular attention is paid not only to the way of data visualization using AR technology but also to the data transmission via the IIoT platform adopting the MQTT protocol. Besides, the proposed system is of direct practical relevance serving to deepen the concept of Industry 4.0 in the automotive industry.  
Based on the results presented in Section 4, it can be concluded that the proposed cognitive system has been very successful using a handled device. Also, from the outcome of the users' feedback, it is possible to conclude that this novel system inside the automotive industry could ensure lower operational costs which directly affect productivity.  
Out of our specific use case scenario, compatibility of the proposed solution with over 25 frameworks [35] presents a huge benefit for the proposed system given the unlimited possibility of testing on different platforms in real use cases. In other words, our proposed system can be used in different industrial contexts by changing only the data model and table components regarding industry needs/ data. Moreover, the abstraction of the implemented MQTT protocol presents a reusability feature that allows it to be re-used to retrieve any data from brokers in any other industrial context.  
However, we can't deny the presence of some limitations when using AR in the industrial environment. These limitations can be related to human technology acceptance or the lack of AR interaction techniques. In our case, occasionally, the vehicle can present some defects that are not detected through the production line. As a result, those defects are not displayed to the operator. However, besides the correction of the defects, the operator checks the overall finished vehicle. If an additional abnormality is noticed, the system should allow the operator to add his remarks. An initial idea to treat this is as follows: adding a new record to the AR table could be as:  
* a voice note form if an HMD is used;
* or a \"plus\" touch button if an HHD is used.  
Clearly, future work on the issues would be of interest.  
Alternatively, another future direction for the proposed system is the use of the \"IATF 16949\" standard, given its ability for early defect prevention. Moreover, the IATF 16949 standard serves the reduction of variation and waste in the assembly chain, which may overcome the occasional issues mentioned above.  
Conceptualization, A.C, and F.C.-S.; methodology, A.C. and A.V.C.; investigation, A.C. and A.V.C.; writing--original draft preparation, A.C.; writing--review and editing, F.C.-S. and W.B.; supervision, F.C.-S. and W.B.; project administration, F.C.-S. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
This work has been supported by the project 026653 | POCI-01-0247-FEDER-026653--INDTECH 4.0--New technologies for smart manufacturing, co-financed by the Portugal 2020 Program (PT 2020), Compete for 2020 Program, and the European Union through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF). The authors wish to thank the opportunity and financial support that permitted them to carry on this project, to Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia (FCT) and C-MAST-Centre for Mechanical and Aerospace Science and Technologies, under project UIDB/00151/2020.  
Not applicable.  
The study did not report any data.  
The authors would like to thank \"[PERSON]\", Computer Engineer, for his contribution to the development process by sharing his high expertise in Unity3D and the testers for their feedback.  
The authors declare no conflict of interest.