## Materials and Methods
### Behavioural Repertoire
#### GNSS Analyses of Both Species  
The positional data was combined into a single data file for both species and processed through ArcGIS [18]. Some of the logged points fell outside the field boundary--these errors may have been due to the GNSS unit's inability to obtain sufficient satellite constellation resulting from tree or animal obstructions at particular periods throughout the day. Points which fell outside a 10 m buffer of the field boundary were deleted as these were considered to be genuine GNSS errors [19]. A regression analyses was used to assess if there was a significant difference in the overall distances travelled by the two alpacas and also if there was a difference between the two species in relation to distance travelled. The raw data indicated that both species appeared to have a decreasing pattern in relation to distances travelled over the 41 days, so Pearson product-moment correlation was performed \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c} \hline \hline
**Behavioural Events** & **Description** \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Scratching} & Scratches a part of body with another body part or object (e.g., scratches body with \\  & hoof or external object such as fence) \\ \hline Rolling & Rolls body on ground, often in dirt/dust \\ \hline Elimination & Elimination of faeces/urine \\ \hline Spitting & Forcibly ejects saliva from mouth, ears usually pinned back \\ \hline Kicking & Quick backward movement of hind legs (either one or two legs) \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Sniffing} & Sniffing lamb: nose comes in contact with lamb \\  & Sniffing sheep: nose comes in contact with sheep \\  & Sniffing alpaca: nose comes in contact with alpaca \\  & Sniffing object: nose comes in contact with object in the environment (e.g., fence or tree) \\ \hline Alarm call & High-pitched vocal produced by the alpaca in the presence of a predator \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Stamping} & Using either front or hind legs to make quick, aggressive contact with the ground \\  & (single or multiple movements) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Behavioural repertoire of alpacas: behavioural events (used to analyse video footage of alpaca field behaviour). in further analyses to examine the relationship between alpaca and ewe distance travelled over the 41-day trial period. A 10-day period ranging from 22 October to 31 October 2017 (inclusive) was selected to assess similarity of diurnal movement pattern between alpacas and ewes. Hourly median speed (m/s) was used as an indicator of activity for each species and was calculated from the 10-min GPS measurements for the 14 ewes and 2 alpacas. Wilcoxon Signed Rank tests were applied to determine if there was a significant difference in hourly median speed between the two alpacas for each hour and day of measurement. A Student's \(t\)-test was used to test the difference between species for average median hourly speed during the daytime (06:00-19:00 h) and a Wilcoxon Signed Rank test was used to test the difference in average median hourly speed between species at night (20:00-05:00 h). Additionally, a linear mixed effects (REML) model was used to determine if there were any significant effects of species and hour on median speed. Species and hour were treated as fixed effects and day treated as a random effect. The interactions between species and hour were also fitted in the model. Data were log transformed in order to meet assumptions of normality. The fitted model to assess the difference between species, for each hour, was:  
\[\text{lmer(log\_speed\text{-}1+\text{species}\times\text{hour}+\text{(1|day)})}\]  
To assess the similarity of daytime movement (06:00-19:00 h) between the two species, hourly median speed was converted to a standardized measurement (daytime activity ratio) based on the difference between mean daytime speed and each hourly median, divided by the maximum daytime speed for each species.