## 3 Results and Discussion
### Quantification of Ginsenosides from the Roots, Stems and Leaves, and Berries of Panax ginseng  
Next, we quantified the 39 ginseng in the individual samples. The standard curve of each ginseng was applied to determine its actual amount in the ginseng samples. The quantification was based on 10 biological replicate analysis of each ginseng sample (\(n=10\)), and the amounts are described as mean \(\pm\) SD in Table 2. This displays the qualitative and quantitative ginseng contents in the different _P. ginseng_ parts. Previously, [PERSON] et al. has reported the HPLC-UV-based quantification of 12 ginseng from ginseng root, rootlet, leaf, and berry [14]. From the five parts such as root, root-hair, rhizome, stem, and leaf, [PERSON] et al. quantified seven ginsenosides by HPLC-UV [13], and [PERSON] et al. quantified 12 ginseng by HPLC-ELSD [36]. Compared to these reports, this study detail characterized a total of 39 ginseng with high- or low-abundance from ginseng root, stem and leaf, and berry. As our results, ginsenosides, such as nR4, Ra2, Ra3, and Ra1, were uniquely found in GR. Furthermore, GS uniquely contained Rb3, Mc, CY, Rh2, and Rh1-R. F1 and Rg4 were only detected in GB. Although most of unique ginsenosides are low-abundant, their profiles are valuable to characterize the ginseng contents of each ginseng part. In the quantification, GR had highest amounts of Rf, Rb1, and Ro, compared to the other samples. GS had highest amounts of Rg1, vR4, F5, Rh1, F3, Rc, Rb2, Rd, CO, F2, Rg3, CK, and Rk1. GB had highest amounts of gRf, nR1, Re, nR2, Rg2-R, M-Rb1, M-Rc, M-Rb2, M-Rd, F4, and Rg5. Previously, two papers have reported that GR had the highest amounts of Rb1, GB had the highest amounts of Rg2, and GS had the highest amounts of Rg1, Rh1, Rd, and Rg3 [14; 36]. Interestingly, these results have been matched to ours. Rb3 and Rh1-R are also equally analyzed from GS [13; 14]. On the other hand, [PERSON] et al. has reported that Re and Rc are mainly consisted in GS and GR, respectively [14]. As our results, GB had highest amounts of Re, and this is matched to another previous paper [37]. The quantification of several ginsenosides can differ depending on ginseng's cultivars and growing conditions. Each ginseng has specific activities, and the efficacies of GR, GS, and GB are determined by the ginseng contents. Here, we focused on the pharmacological activities of ginsenosides which are mainly or uniquely consisted in each ginseng part. By searching previous literatures [5; 6; 15; 38; 39; 40; 41; 42; 43; 44; 45], we found six kinds of activities in 17 ginsenosides (Table S2). In summary, three ginsenosides (Rf, Rb1, Ro) consisted in GR shows anti-inflammation effect and lymphocyte proliferative capacity. Moreover, 10 ginsenosides (Rg1, Rc, Rb2, Rd, F2, Rg3, CK, Rb3, Rh2, Rh1-R) consisted in GS shows six activities (anti-cancer, anti-diabetes, anti-inflammation, lymphocyte proliferative capacity, immunomodolatating activity, chemopre effective). Lastly, four ginsenosides (Re, Rg2, Rg2-R, F1) consisted in GB shows four activities (anti-cancer, anti-diabetes, anti-inflammation, lymphocyte proliferative capacity). These results demonstrated that not only GR, but also GS and GB are good sources to obtain ginsenosides having pharmacological activities. By detail profiling of various ginsenosides, it was possible to find the efficacies of ginseng root, stems, leaves, and berries.