## 3 Results
### Temporal Characteristics of the Contributions of LPRO's Elements
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Term**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**2007–2011**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**2012–2016**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**2017–2021**} \\  & **St.** & **St.** & **St.** & **St.** & **St.** & **St.** & **St.** & **St.** & **St.** \\  & **Error** & **Coefficient** & **Error** & **Coefficient** & **Size.** & **Error** & **Coefficient** & **Size.** & **Error** & **Coefficient** & **Size.** \\ \hline Intercept & 0.011 & 0.171 & 0 & 0.014 & 0.187 & 0 & 0.011 & 0.258 *** & 0 \\ X1 & 0 & \(-\)0.12 ** & 0.002 & 0 & \(-\)0.034 * & 0.023 & 0 & 0.012 & 0.342 \\ X2 & 0 & \(-\)0.061 *** & 0 & 0 & \(-\)0.03 * & 0.043 & 0 & \(-\)0.043 *** & 0.001 \\ X3 & 0 & \(-\)0.034 & 0.158 & 0.014 & \(-\)0.022 ** & 0.010 & 0 & \(-\)0.116 *** & 0 \\ X4 & 0 & 0.011 & 0.521 & 0 & 0.038 & 0.231 & 0 & 0.054 * & 0.036 \\ X5 & 0 & 0.108 *** & 0 & 0 & 0.011 ** & 0.017 & 0 & 0.091 *** & 0.001 \\ X6 & 0 & 0.008 & 0.675 & 0 & 0.059 * & 0.027 & 0 & 0.067 & 0.097 \\ X7 & 0.011 & \(-\)0.093 * & 0.014 & 0.019 & \(-\)0.055 * & 0.035 & 0.022 & \(-\)0.089 *** & 0 \\ X8 & 0.008 & 0.134 *** & 0 & 0.011 & \(-\)0.066 & 0.077 & 0.011 & \(-\)0.039 & 0.197 \\ X9 & 0.009 & 0.117 *** & 0 & 0 & 0.151 *** & 0 & 0.014 & 0.015 ** & 0.043 \\ X10 & 0.008 & 0.122 ** & 0.002 & 0.01 & \(-\)0.058 & 0.219 & 0.01 & \(-\)0.03 & 0.378 \\ X11 & 0 & \(-\)0.069 ** & 0.009 & 0 & \(-\)0.081 *** & 0 & 0 & \(-\)0.102 *** & 0 \\ X12 & 0 & 0.394 *** & 0 & 0 & 0.444 *** & 0 & 0 & 0.583 *** & 0 \\ X13 & 0.017 & 0.03 * & 0.042 & 0.019 & 0.038 ** & 0.009 & 0.012 & 0.016 & 0.214 \\ X14 & 0.013 & 0.072 *** & 0.001 & 0.012 & 0.023 & 0.189 & 0.01 & 0.094 *** & 0 \\ X15 & 0.006 & 0.316 *** & 0 & 0.006 & 0.374 *** & 0 & 0.005 & 0.128 *** & 0 \\ X16 & 0 & \(-\)0.012 & 0.546 & 0 & \(-\)0.025 & 0.108 & 0 & \(-\)0.011 & 0.054 \\ X17 & 0.004 & 0.083 *** & 0 & 0.006 & 0.101 ** & 0 & 0.006 & 0.102 *** & 0 \\ X18 & 0 & 0 & 0.996 & 0 & 0.005 & 0.763 & 0 & 0.067 *** & 0 \\ X19 & 0 & 0.062 *** & 0.001 & 0 & \(-\)0.035 & 0.301 & 0 & 0.046 ** & 0.015 \\ X20 & 0 & 0.021 & 0.19 & 0 & 0.099 *** & 0 & 0 & \(-\)0.003 & 0.869 \\ X21 & 0 & \(-\)0.037 ** & 0.021 & 0.001 & \(-\)0.013 & 0.358 & 0.001 & 0.026 ** & 0.031 \\ \hline R & & 0.804 & & & 0.848 & & & 0.889 & \\ R\({}^{2}\) & & 0.647 & & & 0.719 & & & 0.791 & \\ Adjusted & & & & & & & & & \\ R\({}^{2}\) & & & & & & & & & \\ St. error & 0.022686753 & & 0.023218023 & & & 0.021453151 \\ Mean & & 0.063 & & 0.092 & & & 0.115 & \\ squares & & & & & & & & \\ F and Sig. & F = 120.884; Sig. = 0.000 & F = 169.159; Sig. = 0.000 & F = 250.07; Sig. = 0.000 & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 5: Regression coefficients of LPRO’s elements at different development stages in China. Figure 3: Contributions of LPRO’s elements during 2007–2011. From 2012-2016, eight indicators significantly stimulated LPRO's macro effects. Among them, the contributions of the advanced utilization level and land price are as high as 39.72% and 30.90%, respectively, and the contributions of the percentage of residential use scale, scale of setting a lower limit on the FAR and land marketization level are 4.37%, 3.21% and 3.21%, respectively. However, five factors, including the scale of low-quality land (8.75%), distance to the city center (2.18%) and commercial land scale (1.1%), significantly impeded LPRO's macro effects (Figure 4). From 2017-2021, ten variables in the operating system significantly increased LPRO's macro effects. Among them, the contribution of land price is as high as 44.02%; the advanced utilization level contributes the second highest, at 7.53%; and the land marketization level, rational utilization level and given FAR value contribute 6.52%, 6.51% and 5.32%, respectively. In contrast, four indicators, including the scale of low-quality land (9.82%),  
Figure 4: Contributions of LPRO’s elements during 2012-2016. Figure 5: Contributions of LPRO’s elements during 2017–2021.