## 1 Introduction  
The pursuit of space exploration and the extraction of extraterrestrial resources are fundamentally intertwined with the trajectory of human advancement and scientific inquiry. Earth's finite resources, juxtaposed with the burgeoning global population and escalating demands for energy and materials, underscore the imperative to expand our endeavors beyond terrestrial confines. The potential discovery and utilization of extraterrestrial resources present transformative opportunities for addressing critical challenges facing humanity, from energy sustainability to the colonization of distant celestial bodies [1; 2; 3]. Advancements in space exploration technologies have significantly enhanced our comprehension of the cosmos and broadened the spectrum of accessible space resources. For instance, the prospecting of asteroids, which are abundant in precious metals and rare earth elements, represents a promising avenue for resource extraction. These celestial bodies contain vast quantities of materials essential for high-tech industries and renewable energy technologies, such as platinum, cobalt, and lithium, which are crucial for manufacturing batteries, electronics, and catalytic converters. The utilization of these resources could alleviate the strain on Earth's limited reserves, thereby supporting technological progress and economic growth [4; 5; 6; 7]. Space missions necessitate high adaptability due to dynamic, unforeseen situations. Space constraints and pre-mission planning limitations emphasize real-time design adjustments. Unlike terrestrial operations, space conditions amplify the consequences of errors, increasing stakes. Real-time adaptability is crucial due to unpredictable mission challenges like technical malfunctions, unexpected environments, and logistical needs. Flexible design and robust contingency planning allow prompt response and mitigation, safeguarding mission objectives and crew safety. Space missions demand on-the-spot problem-solving due to logistical complexity and resource constraints. Distance and communication delays necessitate autonomous systems for independent critical adjustments. The inability to address issues can lead to catastrophic outcomes. Thus, mission protocols must prioritize flexibility and resilience, integrating advanced technologies for successful space exploration [8; 9; 10; 11; 12]. The exigencies of space missions, characterized by substantial time lags in transmitting instructions and uploading designs from Earth due to the considerable distances, underscore the critical necessity for autonomous structural design and construction processes [13; 14; 15; 16; 17; 18; 19; 20; 21; 22]. Moreover, in space missions, significant signal transmission delays occur due to Earth's varying distance from celestial bodies like Mars, which can reach up to 401 million kilometers. This results in communication latencies ranging from 3 to 22 min, depending on their relative orbital positions [23; 24; 25; 26; 27; 28]. Reliance on Earth-based instructions and designs becomes impractical for timely decision-making and execution in space missions due to significant communication delays. Autonomous structural design and construction methodologies enable spacecraft and habitats to adapt to dynamic environmental conditions and unforeseen challenges without constant Earth-based intervention. Integrating artificial intelligence and advanced robotics into these processes allows for the autonomous formulation and execution of optimized structural designs. This capability mitigates the impact of communication delays, enhancing mission efficiency and resilience. By leveraging AI-driven systems and robotic technologies, space missions can achieve greater flexibility, enabling real-time adjustments and responses to emergent situations, thereby ensuring the safety and success of long-duration extraterrestrial endeavors.