# A Review of Air Pollution Monitoring Technology for Ports
###### Abstract  
As a prerequisite for pollution control, monitoring air pollutants is crucial. In recent years, all walks of life are developing toward intelligence, and the concept of intelligent ports is also the development direction of current port planning. A lot of work such as loading and unloading of port cargo and planning has now achieved intellectual development, and the monitoring of air pollutants in ports also needs to be developed towards intelligence. However, at present, there are not many air pollutant monitoring systems for ports. In order to find monitoring equipment and models that are better suited to the port environment, this paper focuses on the main components of air pollutants in ports (SO2, NO3, PM, etc.) and their sources and describes the monitoring methods and principles for these pollutants in ports and on ships, respectively. Regarding monitoring methods, the current application of DOAS (Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy) equipment and the monitoring system based on various gas sensors have great development prospects and advantages, based on the monitoring system being more intelligent. At the same time, the use of the same monitoring principle for a variety of pollutants monitoring equipment to a certain extent can save the cost and efficiency of monitoring. In terms of monitoring mode, the combination of manual analysis and automatic analysis will be perfect for the port's air pollutant monitoring system. This mode can alleviate the embarrassment of the low life of the sensor-based monitoring system to a certain extent, and the data monitored by this mode will be more accurate. port pollution; ship emissions; monitoring system; intelligent port +
Footnote †: journal:  
0000-0001-9991-9999-9999-9999-9999-9999-9999-9999-9999-99999-99999-  
ports occupies 50% of the total amount of pollution [5]. However, this kind of pollution shows the characteristics of surface source pollution. The diffusion pattern is not strong, so only the closer to the port area has an impact on residential life [6]. Evidence suggests that particulate matter emissions from shipping cause about 60,000 premature deaths each year [7], most of which occur near densely populated coastlines in East Asia, South Asia, and Europe [8]. On the other hand, ships, as the mainstream power of logistics and passenger transportation in the shipping industry, have the characteristics of large fuel consumption and high harmful emissions, and the increasingly serious ship pollution problems and port environmental pollution problems brought by them have been widely concerned [9]. After investigation, about 15% of global anthropogenic NO\({}_{\chi}\) emissions and 4-9% of SO\({}_{2}\) emissions can be attributed to ships [10]. In Chinese regions such as the Pearl River Delta, Yangtze River Delta, and Bohai Sea, the contribution of ship emissions to SO\({}_{2}\) and NO\({}_{\chi}\) can reach 14.1 and 11.6% [11; 12; 13], of which about 70% of ship emissions occur in the sea within 400 km from the coastline [14], and according to model simulations, sea and land winds can transport the ship emissions several hundred kilometers inland [15]. Therefore, even if the emissions from ships occur mainly at sea, their emissions can affect the air quality and people's health in coastal and inland cities. In the case of increasingly serious air pollution in ports, the situation of air pollution control has become very serious. According to the survey, air pollution ranks eighth among the leading risk factors for death, accounting for 2.5% of all deaths in developed countries [16]. Several studies now clearly document the link between air pollution and a variety of human diseases. The most consistent associations were increased mortality and hospitalizations from cardiovascular and respiratory diseases.