# Trends and Recommendations for Enhancing Maturity Models in Supply Chain Management and Logistics
## 3 Results
### Content Results  
The analysis of keywords through the co-occurrence map and thematic map provided insights into the most frequently treated topics, their relationships, and their development over time. These results serve as the foundation for a detailed content analysis, which allows for an examination of the topic's development across different conceptual areas [71]. The content analysis focuses on three main stages of MMs: scope, design, and application. Each MM exhibits specific characteristics in terms of conceptual domain, level of application, and operational process. The keyword analysis revealed domains such as digitization (Industry 4.0) and sustainability, which are developed through process activities related to SCML, including manufacturing, sales and operation planning, and procurement. MMs also consider different areas of the supply chain, starting from process activities within individual organizations and extending to groups of organizations forming a network. Furthermore, MMs can be classified based on the improvement objective they aim to achieve, such as maturity, readiness, or transformation. The first section of the content analysis focuses on the conceptual area of defining MMs for SCML. The design of MMs follows a procedural approach outlined by previous research [15; 33], although not all works strictly adhere to these steps. The design process can be driven by academics (theory-driven), practitioners (practitioner-based), or a combination of both (mixed approach). The design also encompasses the structure of MMs, including the number of levels, dimensions, and sub-dimensions. Additionally, a maturity assessment system needs to be established, which involves classifying models according to assessment types that vary in complexity and practical use, such as frameworks, CMM-based approaches, Likert-like questionnaires, or maturity grids. The second section of the content analysis focuses on the subject area of MM design, while the final section examines the application of MMs. Although MMs have practical potential and can be descriptive, comparative, or prescriptive in nature [34], not all MMs are applied. Some MMs are only defined through design or integration or validated for single or multiple industry cases. Therefore, the content analysis will report the scope, design, and application of MMs for SCML. For a complete overview of the content analysis, please refer to Appendix B, specifically Table A4.  
Figure 10: The representation involves visualizing the evolution of keywords using a thematic map. Index keywords are classified into distinct clusters and positioned in four quadrants, indicating the level of relevance and development for each cluster. The evolution is presented across three-time intervals: 2001–2016, 2017–2022, and 2021–2023, allowing for dynamic keyword analysis. Additionally, the entire time interval of 2001–2023 is considered, providing a static keyword analysis. Five relevant clusters were identified for static and dynamic analyses: (1) supply chain management, (2) maturity model, (3) risk management, (4) digital transformation, and (5) sustainability.