## 1 Introduction  
Sediment resuspension is a critical issue in coastal and shallow water environments, where it can lead to significant ecological and environmental impacts, including habitat loss, decreased water quality, and the alteration of benthic ecosystems. These effects are particularly pronounced in sensitive coastal regions, where natural sediment stability is already compromised by anthropogenic pressures such as dredging, coastal construction, and the operation of heavy maritime traffic. Although extensive research has focused on sediment dynamics influenced by natural forces and powered vessels--where propeller wash and engine thrust create complex flow fields--the hydrodynamic and morphological effects of non-powered floating objects remain largely uncharted. Unlike their powered counterparts, non-powered objects (e.g., barges, pontoons, and moored platforms) rely solely on external towing forces. This results in distinct pressure fields, wake patterns, and flow regimes that lead to different sediment mobilization characteristics, especially under shallow water conditions. Addressing this gap is essential for developing design and operational strategies that minimize environmental impacts in coastal regions. Non-powered floating objects, such as barges, pontoons, and floating platforms commonly used in industrial and maritime operations, are typically towed or moored in shallow marine environments characterized by flat or nearly flat seabeds. These objects, unlike powered vessels, lack propulsion systems and rely on external forces for movement, making their hydrodynamic interactions with the seabed distinct from those of self-propelled vessels. The study focuses on objects towed at subcritical Froude numbers (Fr \(<\) 1) over a flat, sandy bed (d\({}_{50}\) = 0.0625 mm) in shallow water conditions, representing common operational scenarios in coastal environments. Numerous studies have examined the various parameters that influence suspended sediment concentrations in marine environments, including waves, currents, wind, and water depth. However, research focusing specifically on the hydomorphological effects caused by floating objects is relatively limited. For example, [PERSON] [1] highlighted the role of high-frequency ship waves (T-6 s) in sediment transport in Boston Harbor, particularly in Dorchester Bay, even in the absence of storm conditions. [PERSON] [2] studied the physical forces exerted by ships to determine ship-induced sediment transport and suspended sediment concentrations. [PERSON] et al. [3] proposed a method for calculating suspended sediment amounts for cohesive and non-cohesive sediments under the influence of ship-generated waves, using simple mathematical expressions and approaches. This simplified method allows for preliminary predictions of suspended sediment concentrations. The relationship between boat wakes and sediment resuspension was also explored by [PERSON] et al. [4], who noted a strong correlation between boat-generated waves and levee erosion in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [5] further demonstrated that boat-induced suspended sediment concentrations could be up to 80-times greater than those caused by wind-generated waves, particularly in river environments with limited fetch lengths. Similarly, [PERSON] [6] showed that in narrow channels like rivers, hydrodynamic effects caused by ships have a greater impact on suspended sediment concentrations than wind-generated waves. The environmental consequences of these hydrodynamic disturbances have been observed in various ecosystems. [PERSON] et al. [7] studied the effects of boating activities on aquatic vegetation in the Stockholm archipelago of the Baltic Sea. Their research at 44 different sites demonstrated that morphological effects caused by leisure boats or medium-sized vessels could significantly alter community diversity, negatively impacting species richness and the development of aquatic vegetation in deeper waters. Further emphasizing the environmental consequences, [PERSON] et al.