## 3 Results and Discussion
### Changes in Soil Chemical Properties
After a 6-month incubation, a decrease in TOC was observed in almost all soil samples (Figure 1c,d), except for the acid conventional soil, where the TOC content did not change with all stress treatments. Soil organic matter can sometimes be unavailable for microbial decomposition when it is physically protected by the formation of aggregates where oxygen and enzyme diffusion is restricted, and when it is chemically protected by adsorption to mineral surfaces [51]. This fact was also demonstrated in a field study where the temperature sensitivity of soil organic matter decomposition decreased with increasing stability [52]. Regardless of acid conventional soil, the decrease in TOC was detected and was greatest in almost all soil samples when incubated at higher temperatures (29 \({}^{\circ}\)C) but at optimal moisture (40% WHC). The largest decrease was observed in calcareous conventional soil (almost 20%). Moisture stress, in contrast, reduced TOC decomposition in calcareous soils and was ineffective in acid soils (Figure 1c,d). The temperature sensitivity of soil respiration determined in laboratory soil incubations showed a significant decrease with increasing average incubation temperature observed in soils of all ecosystems with a sufficiently wide range of incubation temperatures [29]. These results are consistent with incubation experiments [53], where soil organic matter decomposition rates were greatly reduced at low and high soil moisture levels, while decomposition rates were increased at intermediate temperatures and moisture levels. From our results, we can conclude that both temperature and moisture are important factors influencing TOC content in vineyard soil, regardless of the management system (organic/conventional), and that this effect is more pronounced in calcareous soils. Total nitrogen (TN) behaved similar to TOC (Figure 1e,f), but exacerbating, in general, the changes observed for TOC; therefore, the C/N ratio showed inconsistent changes and were generally not significant (Figure 1g,h). Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is considered the more mobile and more available humus fraction, and has strong affinity for Cu complexation and affects Cu mobility [54]. Changes in environmental conditions affecting the soils can be reflected more quickly in DOC than TOC [55]. Our results confirm that the degradation of DOC was much higher, in percentage, than losses of TOC during 6 months of incubation (Figure 1i,l). The decrease of DOC was highest for incubation at 29 \({}^{\circ}\)C and 40% WHC, up to 49% for calcareous conventional soil. Similar results were previously reported by [PERSON] and [PERSON] [56], where the incubation period was much shorter (only 12 days), but the relative DOC reductions from the original soil levels were 73% and 89% when the soil incubation temperatures were 20 and 35 \({}^{\circ}\)C, respectively. The authors reported that the reduction in extractable DOC was entirely due to mineralization and that at higher temperatures the microorganisms additionally utilized substrates that were insoluble before incubation, which can be also the case in our study. When we analyzed the moisture stress, we could see that DOC was maintained or even increased, in comparison to the incubated control soil, and this effect was more evident in the calcareous organic soil. This fact, which was already proven by [PERSON] et al. [57], was clearly shown in our organic calcareous soil sample: moist soils with 40% of WHC have statistically significant lower content of DOC (about 60 mg kg\({}^{-1}\)) compared to dry soil with 10% of WHC (95-106 mg kg\({}^{-1}\)) (Figure 1i,l). The latest reviews are reporting that more sustainable management of the soil, within an organic vineyard context [58], can positively influence the soil resilience to the climate change. In our study, we saw that total organic carbon in vineyards with cover crops (grass) was more resilient to different climatic change, i.e., stress situations, but on the other hand, in these vineyards, the content of DOC decreases more.