# Research on Waveform Adaptability Based on Lunar Channels
## 3 Analysis of Lunar Communication Requirements  
Lunar activities encompass various fields such as lunar human life science experiments, interactions between heaven and earth, flag displays, lunar driving, scientific exploration, lunar soil sampling, and return missions [17]. Taking the Apollo program in the United States as an example, the Apollo 11 mission only involved astronaut activities, primarily focusing on system testing and exploratory tasks. However, in the Apollo 15 mission, a two-person lunar rover configuration was introduced, leading to extensive lunar activities involving both astronauts and the rover [18].  
The success of the Chang'e lunar exploration missions has laid the foundation for future lunar exploration activities. These activities pose challenges to the design of lunar communication systems in terms of time and complexity. Given the complexity of scientific experiments and operational requirements, involving astronauts will enhance the complexity of lunar scientific experiments and exploration activities [19]. Astronauts possess advanced operational and judgment capabilities, thereby improving the scientific efficiency of lunar activities. The future mode of lunar activities involving humans will transition from small-scale, single-point activities to larger-scale operations, necessitating the gradual deployment of more robust infrastructure to support these endeavors [20]. In accordance with current manned lunar exploration plans, there is a target to send astronauts to the Moon, accompanied by lunar rovers, to carry out joint human-machine exploration activities on the lunar surface. Subsequent efforts will gradually extend the duration of astronauts' stays on the lunar surface, expand the scope of their activities, and deepen the level of exploration [21].  
The focus of the manned lunar activities will be scientific exploration. The first lunar activities will primarily involve collaborative human-machine operations and scientific exploration, including sampling activities [22]. In comparison to the Apollo program, the activities are more diverse, involving a greater variety of devices. The analysis of communication requirements for lunar surface activities is as follows:  
(1) Transmission of audio and collected data from the lunar probe for real-time monitoring of the probe's operational status and the ability to issue task commands. (2) Transmission of images depicting lunar surface activities of the lunar probe to showcase mission achievements. (3) Remote control of lunar rovers, scientific instruments, and other lunar surface activity support facilities to convey mission plans and obtain status data, ensuring the correct operation of the facilities. (4) Communication should have a certain level of reliability, with an error rate of up to \(10^{-6}\), determined based on the importance of the business type. (5) Due to energy constraints, the communication process should be simple and reliable, aiming to reduce device power consumption. (6) Considering the curvature of the moon, communication distance is related to the height of antenna deployment. Therefore, taking into account the infrastructure, lunar rover mobility, and resource support, an initial communication distance of approximately 6 km for the lunar surface direct communication link is deemed appropriate. Further extending the communication distance will result in a manifold increase in implementation costs across various aspects. The detailed requirements and constraints analysis for various nodes in the lunar surface activities are shown in Table 1. Table 2 lists the parameters required for the simulation.