# Study of Loads Acting on the Load during the Sudden Braking of a Vehicle
## 3 Test Results
 \\ \hline
1 & 34.50 & 10.16 & 8.89 & 33.14 & 7.02 & 5.40 \\
2 & 32.03 & 10.67 & 9.07 & 32.40 & 7.75 & 6.29 \\
3 & 34.01 & 11.05 & 9.14 & 31.65 & 7.96 & 6.59 \\
4 & 33.18 & 11.24 & 8.86 & 31.65 & 7.96 & 6.59 \\
5 & 30.74 & 11.02 & 9.05 & 31.87 & 8.53 & 6.58 \\
6 & 30.01 & 9.95 & 8.87 & 29.94 & 8.52 & 6.65 \\
7 & 33.62 & 10.48 & 8.71 & 33.73 & 8.66 & 7.29 \\
8 & 34.94 & 10.23 & 9.06 & 32.44 & 8.86 & 6.97 \\
9 & 34.33 & 11.09 & 8.64 & 31.65 & 7.92 & 6.65 \\
10 & 32.5 During the next phase of analysis, the value of mean fully developed deceleration (MFDD) was determined for each of the braking tests. On the basis of these, the following values were calculated for each series consisting of 10 braking tests: the highest \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c} **Mean Fully** \\ **Deceleration,** \\ **MFDD, m/s\({}^{2}\)** \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline
1 & 32.85 & 10.18 & 8.47 & 32.09 & 6.27 & 4.35 \\
2 & 32.26 & 10.28 & 8.25 & 31.54 & 6.49 & 5.13 \\
3 & 32.48 & 10.07 & 7.88 & 31.84 & 7.02 & 4.78 \\
4 & 32.82 & 9.28 & 7.63 & 33.15 & 6.57 & 5.15 \\
5 & 32.72 & 10.14 & 7.83 & 32.79 & 7.48 & 4.63 \\
6 & 33.38 & 9.70 & 8.03 & 32.77 & 6.85 & 5.14 \\
7 & 32.26 & 9.24 & 7.75 & 33.43 & 5.89 & 4.73 \\
8 & 30.31 & 9.77 & 8.12 & 32.50 & 7.03 & 4.69 \\
9 & 32.63 & 10.33 & 8.22 & 32.80 & 6.53 & 4.89 \\
10 & 30.01 & 9.42 & 8.13 & 32.70 & 6.40 & 4.68 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: Parameters of the braking process on a wet asphalt pavement from 50 km/h. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c} **Mean Fully** \\ **Deceleration,** \\ **Deceleration,** \\ **MFDD, m/s\({}^{2}\)** \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline
1 & 52.37 & 10.45 & 9.05 & 51.20 & 7.87 & 6.35 \\
2 & 52.05 & 10.31 & 9.38 & 51.75 & 9.44 & 5.84 \\
3 & 51.59 & 10.65 & 9.32 & 50.30 & 10.92 & 6.42 \\
4 & 51.52 & 10.30 & 8.03 & 51.15 & 9.26 & 6.48 \\
5 & 53.15 & 10.22 & 9.47 & 51.47 & 8.33 & 5.99 \\
6 & 49.66 & 10.13 & 9.27 & 51.23 & 11.07 & 6.50 \\
7 & 49.22 & 10.32 & 9.33 & 51.23 & 11.07 & 6.50 \\
8 & 46.22 & 10.59 & 9.54 & 52.02 & 9.59 & 6.39 \\
9 & 48.73 & 10.87 & 9.07 & 52.22 & 8.46 & 6.49 \\
10 & 52.37 & 10.45 & 9.05 & 50.92 & 11.18 & 6.22 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 5: Parameters of the braking process on a dry concrete pavement from 30 km/h. (MFDD\({}_{\text{max}}\)) and lowest (MFDD\({}_{\text{min}}\)) fully developed deceleration (MFDD) and its average value \(\left(\overline{\text{MFDD}}\right)\). The results have been listed in Table 7.  
The analysis of the MFDD values in Table 8 suggests that:  
* The highest values of \(\left(\overline{\text{MFDD}}\right)\) for the tested vehicles were recorded during the series of braking tests performed on dry asphalt pavement with an initial speed of approximately 50 km/h. * The values of \(\left(\overline{\text{MFDD}}\right)\) recorded for the category N1 vehicle were much higher than the values of \(\overline{\text{MFDD}}\) recorded for acceleration values registered during tests carried out using the category N3 vehicle. * For the N1 category vehicle, the highest value \(\left(\overline{\text{MFDD}}\right)\) was determined during tests on dry asphalt pavement and was 9.52 m/s\({}^{2}\), which was over 18% higher than the value of \(\left(\overline{\text{MFDD}}\right)\) recorded for the series of braking tests performed on wet concrete pavement with an initial speed of approximately 30 km/h. * For the N3 category vehicle, the highest value \(\left(\overline{\text{MFDD}}\right)\) determined for dry asphalt pavement was 7.31 m/s\({}^{2}\), which was over 51% higher than the value of \(\left(\overline{\text{MFDD}}\right)\) recorded for the series of braking tests performed on wet concrete pavement with an initial speed of approximately 30 km/h. A series of tests on the parameters of sudden braking of trucks (category N3) on dry, wet drying, and wet asphalt pavement was also carried out by [PERSON] and [PERSON]. [41]. The authors reported MFDD values in the range from 5.23 m/s\({}^{2}\) to 8.82 m/s\({}^{2}\). The lowest values of MFDD were obtained in tests carried out on a drying wet pavement.