## 2 Computed Tomography and Aortic Valve
### CT Assessment of the Aortic Valve for Transcatheter Procedures
#### 2.3.6. Left Ventricular Outflow Tract (LVOT) and Septum
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**Study** & **CT-Derived Variable** & **Predicted Outcomes** \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{[PERSON] et al. [27]} & Valvular calcium score, elliptical & \multirow{4}{*}{Vascular complications} \\  & index, aortic isthmus angle, & \\  & aorta-ventricle angle, bicuspid & \\  & valve, coronaries height, & \\  & ilio-femoral calcifications, access & \\  & size, type of planned access & \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [28] & Left ventricle outflow tract & \multirow{2}{*}{1-year mortality and stroke} \\  & calcium score & \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [29] & Membranous septum length & Pacemaker implantation \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [30] & Left ventricle global & \multirow{2}{*}{All-cause mortality} \\  & longitudinal strain & \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [32] & Sheath-to-femoral artery ratio \textgreater{} 1.05 & \multirow{2}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} Vascular complications and \\ 30-day mortality \\ \end{tabular} } \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [33] & Sheath-to-femoral artery ratio \textgreater{} 1.12 & \multirow{2}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} Vascular complications and \\ 30-day mortality \\ \end{tabular} } \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [46] & Aortic calcium score & \multirow{2}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} Paravalvular regurgitation, \\ conduction abnormalities, aortic \\ annulus rupture, coronary ostia \\ occlusion and stroke \\ \end{tabular} } \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [47] & Aortic calcium score & \multirow{2}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} 30-day major adverse cardiac \\ events, 1-year mortality and \\ post-procedural \\ aortic regurgitation \\ \end{tabular} } \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [48] & Aortic calcium score & \multirow{2}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} 30-day major adverse cardiac \\ events, 1-year mortality and \\ post-procedural \\ aortic regurgitation \\ \end{tabular} } \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [49] & Aortic calcium score & Para-aortic regurgitation \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [50] & Aortic calcium score & Para aortic regurgitation \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{[PERSON] et al. [52]} & Low coronary ostium \textless{}10 to 12 mm, & \multirow{4}{*}{\
\begin{tabular}{c} \\ mean sinus of Valsalva diameter \\ \textless{} 30 mm, sinus of Valsalva \\ diameter/annular diameter ratio \\ \textless{} 1.25 \\ \end{tabular} } \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [56] & Septal thickness & \multirow{2}{*}{
\begin{tabular}{c} Atrioventricular blocks \\ \end{tabular} } \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Main studies investigating the predictive role of CT-derived variables on related outcomes. extending >10 mm in length or covering >20% of the perimeter of the LVOT. Additionally, patients with moderate or severe LVOT calcification and treated with earlier-generation THVs suffered from an increased risk of annular rupture. The difference was not statistically significant among patients treated with newer generation prosthetic valves. Concordantly, it was observed that patients with moderate or severe LVOT calcification have an increased risk of death for all-cause mortality at one year [59].