# Antibacterialativity of _Lysimachia nummularia_ L. in Oro-Dental Diseases
## 4 Discussion
aureus_, since the average diameter of inhibition remained at 8 \(\pm\) 0.01 mm, indicating resistance to the extracts. Positive control antibiotics, such as penicillin and gentamicin, showed the expected inhibitory effect on bacterial strains. It is observed that the extracts obtained from _Lysimachia_ have a significant inhibitory effect against the Gram-positive bacterium _E. faecalis_ with an average inhibition diameter of 8 mm by _Lysimachia herba_ and _flores_ and an average inhibition diameter of 17 mm produced by _Lysimachia radix_. From the results with the positive control, we can see that the dry extracts of _Lysimachia nummularia_ L. showed comparable effects; For example, the extract obtained from _Lysimachia radix_ shows an inhibition of 17 mm for _E. faecalis_, while the antibiotic had a diameter of at least 17 mm, which indicates the sensitivity of the bacterium to ampicillin. The dried extracts from _Lysimachia nummularia_ L. did not show significant inhibition against these Gram-negative bacterial strains of _E. coli_ and _P. aeruginosa_ because the average diameter of inhibition was similar to the negative control (distilled water) for both bacterial strains (5 mm). Gentamicin, a commonly used antibiotic, exhibited the expected inhibitory effect on the Gram-negative bacteria _E. coli_ and _P. aeruginosa_. _Lysimachia radix_ extract shows inhibitory activity on the Gram-positive bacterium _E. faecalis_, and this can be a promising source in terms of the potential for use of the extract in combating this bacterium in endodontic infections. _E. faecalis_ is known to be a major cause of persistent and recurrent endodontic infections, which are infections that occur inside the tooth, particularly after root canal treatment. _E. faecalis_ can form biofilms on tooth surfaces, making it difficult to eradicate with conventional treatment methods [42; 43]. Moreover, _E. faecalis_ has been associated with the development of periodontitis, a chronic inflammatory disease that affects the gums and bones that support the teeth. _E. faecalis_ can colonize the periodontal pockets and contribute to the destruction of the periodontal tissues [42; 44]. The prevention and treatment of _E. faecalis_-associated oral infections typically involves the use of antibiotics and/or antiseptics, as well as root canal retreatment and periodontal therapy. However, the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains of _E. faecalis_ highlights the need for alternative treatment strategies [42]. These may justify the combined use of antibiotics with extracts containing herbal active principles with antibacterial potential. Some natural compounds, such as phenolic compounds, have shown potential antibacterial effects against _E. faecalis_ and may be useful in the development of new oral care products or as an adjunct therapy for the treatment of oral infections. However, more research is needed to fully understand the potential of these compounds and determine the optimal dose and mode of administration (Scheme 1). The antimicrobial potential of the extract obtained from the roots of the species _Lysimachia nummularia_ L. on _Enterococcus faecalis_ can thus be correlated with the presence of phenolic compounds in the highest quantity and also with the presence of _trans_-resveratrol and caffeic and chlorogenic acids. The null effect of the extract on _Candida albicans_ may have the following causes: an insufficient concentration of active compounds in the extract, reduced sensitivity of _Candida albicans_ to these compounds, interactions with other substances present in the environment, or specific resistance mechanisms of _Candida albicans_. It is important to emphasize that _Candida albicans_ can develop resistance to antifungal substances and that this aspect can influence the results observed in our study.