## 4 Discussion  
The biological features of phenolic compounds, such as antibacterial, antioxidant, and anticancer activity, have attracted a lot of attention [26]. The studied _Cistus_ extracts here showed significant phenolic and flavonoid contents. The higher phenolic content of _C. ladmifer_ was found in dichloromethane extract (76.066 \(\pm\) 9.978 \(\upmu\)g AGE/mg). The redox properties of various compounds, which cause them to act as reducing agents, hydrogen donors, singlet oxygen quenchers, and potential metal chelators, are largely responsible for their antioxidant activity. It has been shown that this activity is responsible for preventing the excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In addition, oxidative stress has been shown to have a significant role in the development of a number of human illnesses, including cancer, inflammation, and neurodegenerative disorders [27]. In the present work, _C. ladmifer_ was subjected to the evaluation of its antioxidant activity and results revealed that ethanolic extract was more scavenging than other extracts scoring an IC\({}_{50}\) of 266.6 \(\pm\) 0.828 \(\upmu\)g/mL. Our result was in agreement with previously reported findings [17], which demonstrated that ethanolic extract presents a high antioxidant activity when compared to acetone extract recording an IC\({}_{50}\) of 7.85 \(\upmu\)g/mL. Moreover,  
Figure 6: Chromatogram of the characterized ethanolic extract of _C. ladmifer_. [PERSON] et al. [9] showed that methanolic extract exhibited a high antioxidant activity than ethanolic extract scoring 87.72% and 50.10% of DPPH inhibition respectively. For comparison purposes, our results showed a higher percentage of DPPH of inhibition (92.88%) with the ethanolic extract. Moreover, our findings are in agreement with Zidane study investigating the antioxidant potential of C. _ladanifer_[10]. In this work, it was reported that the methanolic leaf, stem, flower, and fruit extracts of _C. landarifer_ possessed an antioxidant activity with a percentage of inhibition 97.8%, 97.3%, 96.1%, and 95.9% respectively. A study by [PERSON] et al. [14], showed that C. _ladanifer_ extracts from Poland exhibited a significant antioxidant activity with IC\({}_{50}\) ranging from 4.08 to 10.20 \(\upmu\)g/mL. The variability in the antioxidant activity of _C. ladanifer_ extracts reported in this work can be due to the difference in extraction solvents, the difference in collection areas, and plant parts. In the current work, FRAP assay showed that ethanolic extract possessed a higher reducing power of 0.494 \(\pm\) 0.035 at the highest concentration of 1000 \(\upmu\)g/mL when compared to other extracts. It is thus fitting that our results were in accordance with those found by [PERSON] et al. [9]. In addition, the aqueous extract from _C. ladanifer_ showed a reducing power of 117.72 mmol Fe\({}^{2+}\)/100 g dry weight and 3.02 \(\pm\) 0.07 mmol Fe\({}^{2+}\)/g [28; 5]. Other antioxidant assays including TBARS and ORAC showed that aqueous extract presents an important antioxidant activity [5] also assays as, ABTS and Inhibition of lipid peroxidation of buffered egg, showed an important antioxidant activity of methanolic extract [9]. Antioxidant tests vary because of the different methods through which an extract interacts. Another study indicated that _C. ladanifer_ leaves contain antioxidants such astocopherol, ascorbic acid, and reducing sugars [29]. Based on our results, _C. ladanifer_ extracts can serve as promising natural agent to scavenge free radicals involved in lipid oxidation in food and biological systems. In our study, we also investigated the antiproliferative effect of _C. ladanifer_ leaves extracts. The cell lines of hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2, the prostate cancer line 22 Rv1, and the human breast MDA-MB-231 cell lines served as a model for our study. The MTT viability test demonstrated the antiproliferative potency of different extracts in a dose-dependent manner.