## 1 Introduction  
Optical wireless communication (OWC) is an innovative technology that provides high data rates and accommodates multiple users. As a result, numerous researchers have thoroughly studied the optical wireless physical layer [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]. Extensive research has been conducted to enhance this technology's data transmission rate. Resource management in these systems, particularly regarding power, is crucial for achieving a communication system with a high data transmission speed [8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18]. [PERSON] et al. studied optimal resource management in an OWC system that supports multiple users using a wavelength division multiple access scheme. The results indicate that the proposed method aids in configuring the OWC system for optimal network location processing [19]. Researchers have presented an analysis of noise and PAPR in polarized Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing (OFDM). They demonstrated that optimal power allocation can enhance the receiver SNR. Moreover, effectively allocating phase and amplitude power can significantly minimize the impact of intensity clipping on the bit error rate (BER) [20]. [PERSON] et al. investigated the physical layer aspect of power allocation in indoor wireless optical communication systems based on OFDM with intensity modulation and direct detection (IMIDD). The primary objective of this research was to minimize the average transmitted optical power while adhering to the bit error rate constraint. The simulation results indicated that significant reductions in transmission power occur when the transmission bit rate reaches approximately 100 Mbit/s [21]. Another study combined the cognitive radio system power distribution method with orthogonal frequency-division technology. Analyses of wireless communications indicate that OFDM-CR-based power allocation algorithms will enhance the future of wireless optical communications [22]. Optical wireless communication can achieve high data rates in the terabits per second (Tb/s) range. OWC's use of infrared lasers as transmitters is a leading candidate for the next generation of wireless communications. Researchers have developed a DNN model to address the power allocation optimization problem in a two-layer rate-division OWC network. The results indicate that the proposed model accurately provides solutions that are significantly close to optimal [23]. Previous research examined the optimization of DC bias, information carrier power, and sub-power allocation in OFDM systems with bias. The objective was to maximize the achievable rate within the limitations of optical power. Simulation results validated the theoretical analysis and effectiveness of the developed algorithms [24]. In another study, the authors evaluated the performance of a MIMO-NOMA-based VLC system for a multi-user indoor network through MATLAB R2013b v8.2 simulations. This research considered and compared a new NOMA power allocation strategy in VLC systems with existing schemes. Numerical simulation results show that the proposed NOMA system increases the total system sum rate [25]. Researchers have studied a MIMO-FSO system in multiplex mode. This study proposed a power allocation algorithm based on reinforcement learning (RL). Analytical results show that the proposed algorithm performs better than the traditional power allocation algorithm [26]. In a separate study, [PERSON] et al. created a power distribution optimization model for underwater optical communications (UWOCs) while adhering to specific light-emitting diode (LED) power emission constraints in two scenarios. The optimization model used the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) conditions and the bipartite method to determine the optimal power allocation for two user types. Simulations showed that the power allocation method was optimized accurately [27]. Combining a multiple-input, multiple-output system and the OFDM technique can significantly enhance the achievable rate of visible light communication (VLC) systems.