## 3 Results and Analysis
### Spatial Pattern Variation of Desertification Land  
The dynamic changes in the spatio-temporal distribution of different types of desertification land between 2010 and 2020 were quantified using the standard deviation ellipse method, and the center of gravity migration model calculation. Equations (10)-(12) were used to determine the migration rates of different levels of desertification land centers of gravity in the Urat front flag from 2010 to 2020, respectively (Table 5). Additionally, the longitudinal and latitudinal coordinates of each center of gravity were plotted according to the spatial migration map of each center of gravity of desertification land between 2010 and 2020 (Figure 6). \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline \begin{tabular}{c} **The Type of** \\ **Desertification** \\ **Land** \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} **Barycentric Coordinates for 2010** \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} **Barycentric Coordinates for 2020** \\ \end{tabular} & \
\begin{tabular}{c} **Migration** \\ **Distance during** \\ **2010–2020** \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} **Rate of** \\ **Migration** \\ **during 2010–2020** \\ \end{tabular} \\ \cline{2-5}  & \(\mathbf{X}\) (\({}^{\text{(ref}}\))) & \(\mathbf{Y}\) (\({}^{\text{(ref}}\))) & \(\mathbf{X}\) (\({}^{\text{(ref}}\))) & \(\mathbf{Y}\) (\({}^{\text{(ref}}\))) & \(\mathbf{D}\) (\(\mathbf{km}\)) & \(\mathbf{V}\) (\(\mathbf{m}\)/\(\mathbf{a}\)) \\ \hline Extremely serious & 235\({}^{\circ}\)39\({}^{\circ}\)14\({}^{\circ}\) & 143\({}^{\circ}\)18\({}^{\circ}\)11\({}^{\circ}\) & 20\({}^{\circ}\)11\({}^{\circ}\)44\({}^{\circ}\) & 233\({}^{\circ}\)17\({}^{\circ}\)20\({}^{\circ}\) & 27.8533 & 12.8942 \\ \hline Serious & 315\({}^{\circ}\)17\({}^{\circ}\)17\({}^{\circ}\) & 343\({}^{\circ}\)32\({}^{\circ}\)08\({}^{\circ}\) & 131\({}^{\circ}\)25\({}^{\circ}\)08\({}^{\circ}\) & 26\({}^{\circ}\)11\({}^{\circ}\)51\({}^{\circ}\) & 4.9716 & 31.8593 \\ \hline Moderate & 12\({}^{\circ}\)43\({}^{\circ}\)31\({}^{\circ}\) & 114\({}^{\circ}\)38\({}^{\circ}\)03\({}^{\circ}\) & 233\({}^{\circ}\)07\({}^{\circ}\)18\({}^{\circ}\) & 206\({}^{\circ}\)45\({}^{\circ}\)01\({}^{\circ}\) & 5.1422 & 13.8593 \\ \hline Weak & 87\({}^{\circ}\)51\({}^{\circ}\)36\({}^{\circ}\) & 106\({}^{\circ}\)55\({}^{\circ}\)13\({}^{\circ}\) & 289\({}^{\circ}\)12\({}^{\circ}\)51\({}^{\circ}\) & 319\({}^{\circ}\)18\({}^{\circ}\)30\({}^{\circ}\) & 7.9386 & 21.3242 \\ \hline Non-desertification & 299\({}^{\circ}\)46\({}^{\circ}\)48\({}^{\circ}\) & 161\({}^{\circ}\)37\({}^{\circ}\)11\({}^{\circ}\) & 73\({}^{\circ}\)14\({}^{\circ}\)44\({}^{\circ}\) & 253\({}^{\circ}\)32\({}^{\circ}\)22\({}^{\circ}\) & 2.0950 & 16.5944 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 5: Change in the center of gravity for desertification land in the Urat front banner from 2010 to 2020. During the period of 2010-2020, the center of gravity of each desertification land has been migrated and altered dramatically. The extremely serious desertification land migrated 27.8533 km from the central southwest direction at a migration rate of 12.8942 m/a, indicating that the repeated and excessive livestock feeding and trampling in the Xin'an farm of Bayannur City and the Wuliang Suhai fishery of Bayannur City destroyed the community structure of forage grasses, reduced their quality, significantly decreased the edible forage grass yield, thinned and shortened the plants, and gradually decreased the coverage, resulting in concentrated patches of bare grass. Serious desertification land migrates 4.9716 km from the central part to the northeast, with a migration rate of 31.8593 m/a, mostly due to the low precipitation in the northeast region, drought, and water shortage. Moderate desertification land migrates 5.1422 km along the central part to the west at a migration rate of 13.8593 m/a, indicating that desertification has developed to the south and northeast of the oasis, at a migration rate of 13.8593 m/a.