## 1 Introduction
The CoCliCo European Project [53] is currently developing a new, high-resolution, homogeneous mapping of the flooding risk all along the European coasts. Sophisticated hazard and risk assessment tools are also used in France and the Netherlands for national coastal risk planning and prevention [48; 54; 55]. At the regional scale, a variety of local platforms have been developed globally to address coastal vulnerabilities. However, this scenario presents a fragmented landscape of solutions and methodologies. Notable examples include the Coastal Storm Modelling System (CoSMoS) in the San Francisco Bay area [27; 56; 57]. These initiatives reflect targeted efforts to create adaptable and region-specific tools, yet they also highlight the challenge of achieving a cohesive approach to coastal risk management on a global scale. Reliable estimates of the flooding hazard do require reliable estimates of the local SLR [58; 59]. The climate models used for the latest IPCC report may be adequate at global scale, but SL results from these models often need further refinement in marginal seas. This applies to the Mediterranean Sea, which is connected to the Atlantic Ocean through the Gibraltar Strait, a narrow passage hosting complex, small-scale dynamics induced by the local bathymetry and tides [60; 61; 62; 63; 64]. Therefore, studying SL variability in the Mediterranean Sea requires the use of high-resolution regional models that downscale external forcings, initial and boundary conditions of global climate models [65; 66; 67; 68; 69; 70]. [PERSON] et al. [71] demonstrated that incorporating improved SL information at the Atlantic lateral bound ary significantly enhances the reliability of results. Along these lines, a high-resolution model of the Mediterranean Sea circulation, with an appropriate grid refinement in the Gibraltar Strait, capable of addressing the complex, hydraulically driven local dynamics, was implemented [72]. A future climate scenario simulation (2006-2100) was realized with that model, named MED16, whose results are discussed in [PERSON] et al. (2022) [72]. SL projections from this simulation are used in the present investigation. Our methodology for addressing flood risk unfolds in three distinct phases. In the first phase, we utilize the EGMS and SLR data to identify coastal areas that are most vulnerable to RSLR in the forthcoming decades. To this end, we developed a Geographic Information System (GIS)-based tool which integrates the vertical ground motion data, the simulated SLR data, and topography data from a high-resolution digital terrain model (DTM) to predict the vulnerability of coastal areas subject to inundation. The subsequent phase delves into a detailed assessment of assets highly exposed to flood events. The final phase involves in situ field surveys, aimed at improving the quality of the morphological and geological reconstruction initially based only on satellite data. Such surveys may also allow to discern among all the geological components in action, such as tectonics, subsidence, lithospheric sediment loading, and compaction, glacial adjustment and changes in groundwater resulting from water exploitation [73]. In the present study, we detail the methodologies employed in conducting the first and second phase, specifically focusing on the coastal area of Piombino-Follonica and Marina di Campo, both within the Tuscany Region, Alghero-Fertilia in Sardinia, and Rome along with Latina-Sabaudia in the Lazio Region. These selected areas are notable for their low-lying features in coastal stretches characterized by high stability and a low rate of ground motion variation. We do not consider the effects of storm surge, tides, or meteorological processes that may affect the short-term evolution of coastal landscapes through morphodynamic processes and subsequent topo-bathymetric changes [74; 75].