## 3 Results  
A total of 14 patients with 21 implants were analyzed. The main study variables and their possible relation with the occurrence of wound dehiscence can be observed in Table 1.  
Figure 3: Wound dehiscence variable. The mesio-distal length of the incision (red line) and of the dehiscence (green line).  
A total of 11 implants (52.4%; 95%CI: 29% to 76%) from nine patients (57.1%; 95%CI = 27% to 87%) had wound dehiscences.  
The study population (n = 14) had a mean age of 62.9 years (SD = 10.7), with 57.1% male participants and 42.9% smokers. Periodonitis prevalence was 92.9%, and 14.3% regularly used mouthwash. Most cases (71.4%) were partial restorations (71.4%) located in the posterior area (71.4%).  
Patients with mandibular implants (33% vs. 19%; \(p\) = 0.003) and who did not use interdental brushes (50% vs. 7.1%; \(p\) = 0.008) had a significantly higher incidence of dehiscences. Age, gender, smoking status, periodontitis history, mouthwash use, restoration type, and implant location showed no significant associations with the occurrence of dehiscences.  
No postoperative infections or sensory alterations were registered. Table 2 provides a detailed evaluation of the surgical procedures and their outcomes.  
Among postoperative factors, only membrane exposure showed a statistically significant association with dehiscence (\(p\) = 0.034). All cases with membrane exposure (19.1%) had associated dehikences. In patients without exposure (80.9%), dehikences were still found in 33.3% of cases.  
Two patients had implants treated by both surgical techniques, regenerative and combined. The patient-based incidence of dehiscence for regenerative procedures was 50% (3 from 6 patients) and for the combined technique was 60% (6 from 10 patients). The total patient-based incidence was 64.3% (9 from 14 patients).  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Variable**} & **Total N (\%)** & **With** & **Without** & \multirow{2}{*}{**\(p\)-Value**} \\  & **or Mean** & **Dehiscence** & **Dehiscence** & \\  & **(SD)** & **N (\%)** & **N (\%)** & \\ \hline Age (years) & 62.9 (10.7) & 63.4 (10.3) & 64.1 (9.6) & 0.868 \\ Sex & & & & \\ Female & 6 (42.9) & 3 (21.4) & 3 (21.4) & 0.640 \\ Male & 8 (57.1) & 5 (35.7) & 3 (21.4) & 0.640 \\ Tobacco use (yes) & 6 (42.9) & 4 (28.6) & 2 (14.3) & 0.533 \\ Periodontitis (yes) & 13 (92.9) & 8 (57.2) & 5 (35.7) & 0.231 \\ Interdental brushes (yes) & 6 (42.9) & 1 (7.1) & 5 (35.7) & **0.008** \\ Mouthwash use (yes) & 2 (14.3) & 1 (7.1) & 1 (7.1) & 0.825 \\ Restoration (multiple) & 10 (71.4) & 6 (42.9) & 4 (28.6) & 0.733 \\ Implant position (anterior) & 13 (61.9) & 7 (33.3) & 6 (28.6) & 0.608 \\ Location (maxilla) & 14 (66.7) & 4 (19.0) & 10 (47.6) & **0.003** \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 1: Patient and implant-related variables (preoperative). N = number. Bold values indicate statistically significant differences.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Variable**} & **Total N (\%) or** & **With** & **Without** & \multirow{2}{*}{**\(p\)-Value**} \\  & **Mean (SD)** & **Dehiscence** & **Dehiscence** & \\  & **N (\%)** & **N (\%)** & **N (\%)** & \\ \hline Implantoplasty (Yes) & 13 (61.9) & 8 (38.1) & 5 (23.8) & 0.284 \\ \hline CTG (Yes) & 5 (23.8) & 2 (9.5) & 3 (14.3) & 0.525 \\ \hline Membrane Exposure (Yes) & 4 (19.1) & 4 (19.1) & 0 (0) & **0.034** \\ \hline Biofilm in Sutures (Yes) & 12 (57.1) & 8 (38.1) & 4 (19.1) & 0.130 \\ \hline Incision Length (mm) & 17.7 (5.2) & 19.2 (4.8) & 16.0 (5.4) & 0.160 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 2: Intra/postoperative variables. Bold values indicate statistically significant differences.  
Implantoplasty (\(p\) = 0.284), connective tissue grafting (\(p\) = 0.525), and biofilm accumulation around the sutures (\(p\) = 0.130) showed no significant association with the development of dehikences. There were no differences in the number, percentage, or millimeters of dehikence according to the type of surgery (Table 3).