## 3 Results
### Effect of Emulsifier Type on Properties of Nanocemulsions  
Droplet size, zeta potential, PDI, and TSI are considered essential parameters to demonstrate the stability and efficacy of NE. As shown in Table 2 and supplementary Figures S2 and S3, the type of emulsifier significantly affected the size, zeta potential, PDI, and TSI of the NE. The SPI-stabilized NE containing ENT and CEO (CO-NE) had the smallest average droplet size of 161.26 \(\pm\) 6.40 nm and zeta potential of 32.51 \(\pm\) 0.83 mV. The absolute values of the potential values larger than 25 mV indicate that the emulsion system is stable, which could be associated with the strong electrostatic repulsive force between the droplet particles. The force could be considered a barrier, which possibly prevents droplet aggregation, leading to an increase in droplet size. Compared with droplet size and zeta potential, PDI can better reflect the stability and sustained release of emulsion. PDI values more than 0.7 indicate large particle size distribution and good stability. With SPI as the emulsifier, the CO-NE exhibited minimized PDI (0.235) and TSI (2.50 \(\pm\) 0.06) compared to the NE stabilized by the other emulsifier, indicating the best dispersity and optimal stability. Furthermore, the EE values of NEs with different emulsifiers are represented in Figure 1. The highest EE was observed in the CO-NE, both for ENT (96.62 \(\pm\) 0.53%) and CEO (96.94 \(\pm\) 1.06%). The results suggested that SPI was the most suitable emulsifier to prepare the NE containing ENT and CEO.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Indicator Strains** & \multicolumn{8}{c}{**MIC (g/L)**} & \multicolumn{8}{c}{**FICI**} \\ \hline  & **ENT** & **EEO** & **TEO** & **CAEO** & **CEO** & **MEO** & **LEO** & **ENT** & **ENT** & **ENT** & **ENT** & **ENT** \\  & & & & & & & **and** & **and** & **and** & **and** & **and** & **and** & **and** \\  & & & & & & & & **EEO** & **TEO** & **CAEO** & **CEO** & **MEO** & **LEO** \\ \hline _P. fluorescens_ & 5 & 1.25 & 0.625 & 0.3125 & 0.3125 & 5 & 0.375 & 1.25 & 0.188 & 0.125 & 0.75 & 0.75 \\ _S. putteraciens_ & 5 & 1.25 & 0.625 & 0.3125 & 0.3125 & 5 & 2.5 & 2.0 & 0.75 & 0.625 & 0.125 & 1.25 & 1.25 \\ _C. albicans_ & 10 & 0.3125 & 0.1563 & 0.0781 & 0.0195 & 0.1563 & 0.0781 & 1.5 & 0.563 & 1.031 & 0.188 & 2 & 2 \\ _A. flavus_ & ND & 0.3125 & 0.3125 & 0.31563 & 0.0391 & 0.1563 & 0.1563 & 1.25 & 1.031 & 1.5 & 0.125 & 1.063 & 0.75 \\ _P. expansum_ & ND & 0.625 & 0.625 & 0.3125 & 0.3125 & 0.3125 & 0.1563 & 1.063 & 1.5 & 2 & 0.125 & 1.031 & 1.5 \\ _A. alternata_ & 20 & 0.3125 & 0.625 & 0.1563 & 0.0781 & 0.625 & 0.625 & 1.031 & 1.5 & 0.75 & 0.188 & 1.25 & 1.5 \\ \hline  & & & & & & & & & & & & & \\  & & & & & & & & & & & & & \\ \end{tabular} Abbreviations: MIC, minimum inhibitory concentration; FICI, fractional inhibitory concentration index; ENT, enterocin Gr17; EEG, eugenol essential oil; TEO, thymol essential oil; CAEO, carvacrol essential oil; CEO, cinnamaldehyde essential oil; MEO, menthone essential oil; LEO, linalool essential oil. ND: not determined.  
\end{table}
Table 1: _Cont._  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline
**Emulsifier** & **Average Droplet Size (nm)** & **Zeta Potential (mV)** & **PDI** & **TSI (12 h)** \\ \hline SPI & 161.26 \(\pm\) 6.40 f  & 0.235 \(\pm\) 0.06 f  \\ WPI & 219.23 \(\pm\) 6.93 e  \\ SCN & 344.62 \(\pm\) 8.08 f  & \(-\)27.60 \(\pm\) 0.48 f  \\ HPMC & 609.13 \(\pm\) 7.11 b  \\ KGM & 372.94 \(\pm\) 8.53 c  \\ XGM & 1125.00 \(\pm\) 8.89 a  & \(-\)33.23 \(\pm\) 0.21 a  & 110.03 \(\pm\) 0.41 b  \\ XGM & 1215.00 \(\pm\) 8.89 a  & \(-\)33.64 \(\pm\) 0.98 e  & 0.747 & 8.43 \(\pm\) 0.40 c  \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 2: The droplet size, zeta potential, polydispersity index (PDI) and Turbiscan stability index (TSI) of nanoemulsions containing entercin Gr17 and cinnamaldehyde produced by using soybean protein isolate (SPI), whey protein isolate (WPI), sodium caseinate (SCN), hydroxypropyl methyl-cellulose (HPMC), konjac gum (KGM) and xanthan