## 5 LMS Channel Models
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Author/References** & **Year** & **Model** & **Statistic** & **Frequency band** & **Environment** & **Remarks** \\ \hline LoS [14][13][1] & 1985/1998 & Single-State & Longward-Rayleigh & Little/Lband/LRF, L. & Rural & - \\ [PERSON] [12][13] & 1994/1994 & Single-State & Easy/Legendment & L.-D./L./L./L. & Urban/Reward/Suburban & - \\ [PERSON] [20] & 2000 & Single-State & Raw/Legendment & K.-Round & Urban/Reward/Suburban & - \\ [PERSON] [15][16] & 1997/1998 & Two-State & Raw/Legendment & K.-Round & Urban/Reward/Reward & - \\ [PERSON] [17] & 2015 & Two-State & Late model & L.-D. & - & - \\ \hline [PERSON] [20] & 2016 & Two-State & Low model & K.-Round & Urban/Reward/Suburban/Highway & - \\ [PERSON] [20] & 2017 & Two-State & Late model & L.-D. & Different Environments & - \\ [PERSON] [41] & 1997 & Three-State & Raw/Legendment/Rayleigh & - & Urban/Suburban & - \\ \[PERSON] [41] & 2001 & There-State & Low model & L.-S., Redmond & Different Environments & - \\ [PERSON] [23] & 2002 & Theory-State & Nakamiri & L.-S., Redmond & - \\ [PERSON] & 2003 & Two-State & Rain/Rayleigh & L.-D. & Hersently wounded/suburban & - \\ [PERSON] [42] & 2009 & Three-State & Low model & - & Urban/Suburban/Reward & - \\ [PERSON][PERSON] [5] & 2016 & Three-State & Low and Census model & L.-D. & Urban/Suburban/Reward & - \\ [PERSON] [11] & 2019 & Three-State & - & Q.-D. & Urban/Suburban/Reward & - \\ \[PERSON] [44] & 1998 & Three-State & Low model & S.-Round & Open/Suburban/Reward/Suburban/Reward & - \\ [PERSON] [20] & 2018 & Three-State & Low/Legendment/Rayleigh & K.-Round & Urban/Suburban/Reward/Suburban/Reward & - \\ [PERSON] [42] & 2012 & Four-State & Blank/Rapleigh & L.-D. & Urban/Suburban/Highway & - \\ [PERSON][PERSON] [44] & 1998 & Four-State & Raw/Legendment/Rayleigh & - & C.-Round & Urban/Reward/Reward & - \\ [PERSON] [20] & 2008 & Two-State & Late model & Urban/Reward/Suburban & - \\ [PERSON] [26] & 2005 & Six-State & Raw/Legendment/Rayleigh & L.-D. & Different Environments & - \\ [PERSON] [20] & 2008 & Six-State & Late model & Different Environments & - \\ [PERSON] [20] & 2008 & Six-State & Late model & Different Environments & - \\ [PERSON] [20] & 2008 & Six-State & Late model & Different Environments & - \\ [PERSON] [20] & 2008 & Six-State & Late model & Different Environments & - \\ [PERSON] [20] & 2008 & Six-State & Lane/Legendment/Rayleigh & L.-S.D. & Different Environments & - \\ \hline [PERSON] [20] & 2008 & Multi-State & Raw/Legendment/Rayleigh & Low-band & - \\ [PERSON] [25] & 1999 & Multi-State & Raw/Legendment/Rayleigh & - & Urban/Suburban/Reward/Reward & - \\ [PERSON] [25] & 1999 & Multi-State & Rayleigh & - & - \\ \hline [PERSON] [44,5] & 2013 & Multi-State & - & - & - \\ [PERSON] [4] & 2014 & Multi-State & - & K-Round & - \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 5: LMS Channel models, summarized. Moreover, Table 6 shows a comparison between the three main environments analyzed in the different literature works: urban, suburban, and rural, from the point of view of statistics types used in the Markov models. The described Markov models are based on different numbers of states, which are used for better representing the propagation channel characteristics and for better capturing the evolution of the satellite channel through the use of specific communication parameters, such as BER, fading states, and others.