## 3 Research Background and Hypotheses
### Technological Readiness  
The concept of technological readiness and its influence on the implementation of green logistics has been extensively explored in the literature [3; 17; 19; 25]. Technological readiness encompasses an organization's ability to adopt and implement green logistics technologies, which includes the availability of essential infrastructure and technical expertise [9]. Green logistics practices, driven by green investment decisions, play a significant role in enhancing logistics performance and promoting the use of renewable energy. These practices positively influence purchasing decisions, encouraging the consumption of goods manufactured through eco-friendly processes [61]. In Indonesia, regional disparities in technological readiness, particularly in the eastern region, pose challenges to the implementation of green logistics. Enhancing information technology services is crucial for logistics companies to efficiently manage product transportation and reduce disruptions caused by poor performance. Addressing these disparities can make green logistics operations more efficient [62]. Technological factors impacting the adoption of green logistics include the complexity and maturity of technological innovations, which can extend implementation time [51; 54]. Compatibility issues may arise, requiring changes in existing equipment [51]. Infrastructure development, such as the distribution of charging stations for electric vehicles, is also critical for enabling widespread use. Studies have shown that while technological and environmental awareness factors have a minor impact, organizational factors significantly influence the intention to adopt green practices [63; 64]. Innovations in green materials and clean energy are pivotal for reducing waste pollution and greenhouse gas emissions in logistics activities [65]. For example, the Underground Logistics System (ULS) has gained attention for its potential to enhance green logistics capacity by alleviating traffic disturbances and congestion [66]. The study analyzes various factors of technological readiness that significantly influence the adoption of green logistics, as detailed in Table 4. The study considers **Hypothesis 3 (H3):** Technological readiness influences green logistics implementation. The study examines several aspects of technological readiness that significantly impact the adoption of green logistics technologies. Infrastructure availability evaluates the presence of necessary hardware, software, and network connectivity to support green logistics technologies. Technical expertise assesses the organization's level of technical knowledge and skills related to these technologies, considering employees' proficiency in utilization and maintenance. Resource allocation examines the distribution of financial and human resources, including budget allocation, staffing, and training programs, to support the adoption and utilization of green logistics technologies. Compatibility with existing systems measures the ease of integration and potential challenges in aligning green logistics technologies with the organization's current systems and processes. Data Management and Security focus on the organization's capability to effectively manage and secure data generated by green logistics technologies, including considerations of data storage, privacy, and cybersecurity measures. Scalability and flexibility assess the organization's technological infrastructure's ability to accommodate future growth and changes in green logistics technologies.