## 6 Conclusions and Ongoing Work  
This paper shows that WBANs can be widely used in medical applications. It has surveyed a number of systems and applications for healthcare, mainly wearable and implantable sensors, and describes the major challenges and open research problems of WBANs. As nanotechnology provides smaller and multiple-functional sensor nodes, the further these new small body networks may evolve, making their use as natural as wearing cloth in the near future. Given the importance of addressing ways to provide smart healthcare for the elderly, chronically ill and children, researchers have started to explore technological solutions to enhance the provision of health and social care in a way which complements existing services. In this paper, we have presented some applications of how people could benefit from living in homes that have wireless sensor technologies for improving the quality of life and outlined issues to keep in mind during their development. The opportunities are immense. WSNs can open a huge market of consumer applications, mainly in healthcare monitoring and environmental applications. In the near future, the evolution of WBANs for symbiotic and bio-inspired architectures can significantly improve the health conditions and lifetime expectation for a large number of people. Remote monitoring of patients, powered by the advent of mobility systems, is not a new idea. However, wireless sensor networks provide a low cost means to sense a given environment and thanks to its wireless nature, it proves to be adequate for unobtrusive deployment on the patient. In the near future, in healthcare there will be multi-modal sensor solutionswhich include the benefits described in this paper; however, there are still challenges to overcome to achieve these context-aware, pervasive healthcare applications. We have provided an analysis of these challenges from a healthcare perspective of WSNs. A combination of different forms of sound modalities like video sensing and medical sensors along with smart devices and remote monitoring capabilities will lead context-aware, pervasive healthcare applications to become within the reach of ordinary users. Finally, we generalize assembled a list of current sensor networks research problems, which provide more opportunities and advantages of the WBANs systems. Along with the current problems of research, the authors encourage a deeper understanding of the problems and a lot of more development in solutions to the open research problems, as we have described in this paper. * Transport, network, data link and physical layers, and application layers
* Power control, mobility and task management planes
* Distributed network and Internet access to sensors, controls, and processors
* Data dissemination protocols
* Security protocol
* Information networking architecture
* Framework for implementing adaptive energy-aware distributed microsensors
* Cluster formation protocol
* Laser communication from a cubic millimeter
* Scalable coordination architectures for deeply distributed and dynamic systems
* Routing and power aware sensor management
* Distributed query processing
* Mathematical framework that incorporates key features of computing nodes and networking elements
* Computation is directly limited due to the limited amount of power. Typically, biosensors are not expected to have the same computational power as conventional WSN nodes. * Material constraints are another issue for wireless sensor networks application to WBANs and healthcare applications. A biosensor must be in contact with human body, or even on it. If the biosensor is inside a pill, the choice of construction materials must be careful, especially on batteries. Also chemical reactions with body tissue and the disposal of the sensor are of utmost importance. The authors believe that the role of WBANs in medicine can be further enlarged.