# Developing an Adaptive 3D Vertebrae Model of Scoliosis Patients for Customize Garment Design
## 3 Anatomical Description and Generic Model of Different Vertebrae Morphology
### Generic Model  
#### 4.1.1. Lumbar Vertebrae Model  
The modeling process of a lumbar vertebra begins with the creation of its vertebral body (Figure 3a). First, an extruded circle at the vertebra's height creates the two upper and lower vertebral plates and the volume of the vertebral body. Another eccentric circle is partially used to define the spinal canal (blue shape). Figure 3: The modeling process of a lumbar vertebra. (**a**) Vertebral body and spinal canal creation, (**b**) pedicles creation and (**c**) improvement of the laminae of the posterior arch. Figure 2: (**a**) Lumbar vertebra assembled and (**b**) is an upper view. The diameters of these two circles are proportional to their extrusion height to adjust their dimension to the lumbar vertebrae number. Thus, the verteba volume is managed by its height, which is itself defined proportionally to the total length of the spine according to an anthropometric report that could later be specified. The next step is to understand deeply the lateral part of the 3D model into designing the pedicles (Figure 3b). Two half-circles extended on each side by two inclined lines (red) make it possible to define the dimensions of the pedicles' upper and lower openings. The diameters of the circles and the inclination of the lines associated with these circles allow the pedicles to be adjusted according to the height of the verteba. The figure clearly shows the vertebral arch composed of the two pedicles and the two frontal laminae. A recess has been made in the laminae of the posterior arch to get as close as possible to their final shape (Figure 3c). Then, the superior articular process is defined. It is positioned at the frontal end of the upper part of the pedicle. This inserted element allows us to manage the height, width, and inclination of the superior articular process. The inclined facets are then covered with two cartilages, which are morphologically managed by four circles located at the four corners of the basic surface, which generates the cartilage volume (red) (Figure 4). Concerning the inferior articular process, the inclined facets are of the lower part of the pedicle. The process of modeling the lumbar verteba begins with the creation of its vertebral body and then the superior articular process is defined. It is positioned at the frontal end of the upper part of the pedicle and this inserted element allows the method to manage the height, width, and inclination of the superior articular process. An essential element in the vertebrae's overall dimensioning is the spinous process with a curved and long shape. Concerning the inferior articular process, the inclined facets of the lower part of the pedicle are also covered with two cartilages that are managed in the same way as the upper cartilages since the stacking of the different vertebrae imposes a perfect alignment of the upper and lower part of the pedicle and the upper articular process. The transverse process is positioned laterally and perpendicularly to the verteba's upper surface (Figure 5). Figure 4: Superior and inferior articular process creation. Thus, it is possible to manage the transverse process by its frontal and dorsal inclination, its volume by the two basic circles that generate this volume, and its extrusion length. An important element in the vertebrae overall dimensioning is the spinous process with a curved and long shape (Figure 5). To do this, a guide curve is developed that manages both the length and curvature of the spinous process. A base surface created by two eccentric circles runs perpendicularly along this curve, gradually reducing when it reaches the spinal process's tip. Finally, Figure 6a shows our final generic model representing the three-dimensionally controllable lumbar vertebrae by the different green dimensions (Figure 6b. These dimensions are concerning each other, these dimensions have only one parameter, allowing this model to evolve from the lumbar vertebA L5 to the lumbar vertebA L1 (Figure 6c).