## 1 Introduction  
Amid rapid industrialization and urbanization, conflicts in land-use structure, resource allocation, functionality, and spatial distribution are becoming increasingly pronounced. Land resource utilization must balance three key functions: production and development,quality of life, and ecological protection. Urban fringe areas are hotspots for intense competition over land resources, where conflicts among these three functions are most acute. These areas also play a crucial role in ensuring the coordinated development of the core city and its surrounding hinterlands. China has experienced rapid urbanization, accompanied by a significant increase in population density, which has intensified spatial conflicts in urban fringe areas [1]. The expansion of cities has led to increasing pressure on land resources, requiring integrated solutions that consider both socio-economic and environmental sustainability. In this regard, ecosystem assessments have become essential for formulating climate change adaptation and mitigation policies aimed at ecosystem protection [2]. To address land-use conflicts, nature-based solutions (NbSs) have emerged as a strategic approach to enhance urban resilience and optimize the allocation of ecosystem services in urban areas [3]. Furthermore, sustainable urban planning must integrate principles of health-conscious design, ensuring that urban environments support well-being through improved spatial configurations and access to ecological resources [4; 5]. Understanding the trends, patterns, mechanisms, and driving forces of spatial conflicts in urban fringe areas is crucial for promoting the synergy of production, living, and ecological functions, achieving high-quality development, creating optimized spaces for urban regions, and advancing national strategies of spatial integration. [PERSON] was the first to clearly define the concept of the PLES from the perspective of their respective functions, laying a theoretical foundation for subsequent research [6]. From ecological and geographical perspectives, numerous scholars have systematically examined the connotations, evolutionary characteristics, and regulatory pathways of spatial conflicts within territorial spaces. These studies employed methods such as the suitability evaluation model for the PLES national development intensity analysis and landscape pattern indices [7; 8; 9; 10; 11]. For instance, [PERSON] et al., through a study on urban expansion in Beijing, found that as urban areas grow, the coordination among the PLES diminishes [12]. [PERSON] et al. explored the spatial conflict and coordination mechanisms of the PLES in Nanjing [13]. [PERSON] et al. developed a relative conflict identification model that integrated remote sensing ecological indices with landscape pattern indices to investigate spatial evolution and land-use conflicts in Nanchang County [14]. Similarly, [PERSON] et al. analyzed the evolution of spatial conflicts in the mining-agriculture composite region of Daye City [15]. In an international context, [PERSON] et al. examined land-use conflict characteristics and drivers in the Kagadu District of Kenya [16]. [PERSON] et al. extended this line of inquiry by linking spatial conflicts among the PLES with ecosystem service values, demonstrating a significant negative correlation between conflict intensity and ecological service value [17]. Addressing regional variations, [PERSON] et al. proposed a strategy for measuring homeland spatial conflicts and optimizing functions under an integrated framework [18]. Additionally, [PERSON] et al. investigated the impacts of land-use changes during urban expansion in Guangzhou, offering valuable insights and references for the study of spatial conflicts in Zengcheng District [19; 20]. Despite substantial research on the evolution and reconciliation of spatial conflicts among [21; 22; 23; 24], studies specifically addressing urban fringe areas, particularly those at the urban-rural interface such as Zengcheng District, remain limited.