## 3 Results
### Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidative Indices  
The evaluation results of anti-inflammatory and antioxidative indices in the serum of nine dogs are shown in Figure 2. No index was significantly different on day 90 compared with its value on day 0. In the case of IL-1\(\beta\) (Figure 2a), IL-6 (Figure 2b), TNF-\(\alpha\) (Figure 2c), and CRP (Figure 2d), which are known indicators of inflammation in the body, the values of these indices were decreased on day 90 compared to day 0. In the case of L-carnitine (Figure 2e) and GR activity (Figure 2f), which are indicators of antioxidative function in the body, the values of these indices were increased on day 90 compared to day 0.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Category** & **Items (Unit)** & **Day 0** & **Day 90** & **Reference** \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{CBC} & WBC (\(10^{9}\)/L) & 9.01 \(\pm\) 3.54 & 7.92 \(\pm\) 2.95 & 5.05–16.76 \\  & RBC (\(10^{12}\)/L) & 6.53 \(\pm\) 0.74 & 6.52 \(\pm\) 0.97 & 5.65–8.87 \\  & HGB (g/dL) & 14.36 \(\pm\) 1.74 & 14.66 \(\pm\) 2.47 & 13.1–20.5 \\  & PCV (\%) & 44.70 \(\pm\) 5.35 & 43.41 \(\pm\) 6.82 & 37.1–65.0 \\  & MCV (fL) & 68.30 \(\pm\) 2.74 & 66.74 \(\pm\) 2.88 & 61.6–73.5 \\  & MCH (pg) & 21.93 \(\pm\) 1.40 & 20.70 \(\pm\) 5.26 & 21.2–25.9 \\  & MCHC (g/dL) & 32.08 \(\pm\) 1.67 & 33.90 \(\pm\) 3.26 & 32.0–37.9 \\  & PLT (\(10^{3}\)/\(\mu\)L) & 365.33 \(\pm\) 124.18 & 388.38 \(\pm\) 141.18 & 148–484 \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{Chemistry} & AST (U/dL) & 24.71 \(\pm\) 7.76 & 25.86 \(\pm\) 8.93 & 15–43 \\  & ALT (U/dL) & 63.56 \(\pm\) 34.96 & 84.50 \(\pm\) 50.68 & 19–70 \\ \cline{1-1}  & ALP (U/dL) & 205.11 \(\pm\) 301.53 & 208.88 \(\pm\) 396.89 & 15.0–127.0 \\ \cline{1-1}  & BUN (mg/dL) & 18.68 \(\pm\) 4.05 & 19.44 \(\pm\) 9.24 & 8–26 \\ \cline{1-1}  & CRE (mg/dL) & 0.87 \(\pm\) 0.23 & 0.84 \(\pm\) 0.27 & 0.5–1.3 \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Electrolytes} & Na (mmol/L) & 148.44 \(\pm\) 6.21 & 142.88 \(\pm\) 11.37 & 144–154 \\ \cline{1-1}  & K (mmol/L) & 4.73 \(\pm\) 0.81 & 4.24 \(\pm\) 0.58 & 4.1–5.3 \\ \cline{1-1}  & Cl (mmol/L) & 95.99 \(\pm\) 42.57 & 113.50 \(\pm\) 3.02 & 105.0–116.0 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} Mean \(\pm\) standard deviation. WBC, white blood cells; RBC, red blood cells; HGB, hemoglobin; PCV, packed cell volume; MCV, mean cell volume; MCH, mean cell hemoglobin; MCHC, mean cell hemoglobin concentration; PLT, platelets; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; CRE, creatinine; Na, Natrium; K, potassium; Cl, chloride.  
\end{table}
Table 3: Results of complete blood count (CBC), chemistry, and electrolytes of 9 dogs that participated in the clinical efficacy evaluation with cognitive dysfunction prevention pet food.  
Figure 1: Results of 90 days after pet food containing anthocyanin for prevention cognitive dysfunction administered to elderly dogs. (**a**) Cognitive dysfunction score (CDS), (**b**) serum amyloid-beta oligomers (A\(\beta\)O). All data are presented as mean \(\pm\) SE. * \(p\) < 0.05 and ** \(p\) < 0.01.  
Figure 2: Results of anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative indexes after 90 days administration of pet food containing anthocyanin to elderly dogs: (**a**) IL-18; interleukin 1 beta, (**b**) IL-6; interleukin 6, (**c**) TNF-\(\alpha\); tumor necrosis factor-alpha, (**d**) CRP; C-reactive protein, (**e**) L-carmitine, (**f**) GP\(\alpha\); glutathione reductase.