## 1 Introduction
### Two Methods to Derive the Fire Radiative Power (FRP)  
The Fire Radiative Power (FRP), a very useful parameter for the characterization of the amount of burnt vegetation and of gas and aerosol emissions released by a fire, can be assessed, as introduced in Section 1 of this paper, by two methods, which are explained in detail, for instance, in [3]:  
* A method for FRP estimates, using the effective fire temperature \(\rm T_{F}\) and effective fire area \(\rm A_{F}\), both derived from MIR and TIR channel data (this FRP estimate can be used for flaming fires and for smoldering fires with \(\rm T_{F}<700\) K): \[\rm FRP=\sigma\left(T^{4}_{F}-T^{4}_{bg}\right)A_{F}\] (1)  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline \multicolumn{1}{c}{**“Grouping” N\({}^{\circ}\)**} & **Reference** &
\begin{tabular}{c} **Title (and Main Content) of** \\ **the References** \\ \end{tabular} \\ \cline{3-4}  & & & Fire radiative energy for \\  & & & quantitative study of biomass \\  & & & burning: Derivation from the \\  & & & BIRD experimental satellite \\  & & & and comparison to MODIS \\  & & & fire products \\ \cline{2-4}
1 & & & Spaceborne Detection and \\
1 & & & Characterisation of Fires \\  & & & during the Bi-spectral Infrared \\  & & & Detection (BIRD) \\  & & & Experimental Small Satellite \\  & & & Mission (2001–2004) \\ \cline{2-4}  & & & BIRD Fire Recognition and \\  & & & Comparison with \\  & & & MODIS/Terra \\ \hline \hline \multicolumn{4}{c}{} & & Detection and \\
2 & & & Characterization of Low \\  & & & Temperature Peat Fires during \\  & & & the 2015 Fire Catastrophe in \\  & & & Indonesia Using a New High \\  & & & Sensitivity Fire Monitoring \\  & & & Satellite Sensor (FireBIRD) \\ \hline \hline \multicolumn{4}{c}{} & & The DLR FireBIRD Small \\  & & & Satellite Mission: Evaluation \\  & & & of Infrared Data for Wildfire \\
3 & & & Assessment (using FireBIRD, MODIS and VIIRS data, \\  & & & registered over six fire scenes) \\ \cline{2-4}  & & & Parametrisation of Gas Flares \\  & & & Using FireBIRD Infrared \\  & & & Satellite Imagery, Thesis: \\  & & & \"Analysis of gas flaring \\
3 & & & observed from space using \\  & & & remote sensing satellite \\  & & & imagery from FireBIRD, VIIRS on \\  & & & on Suomi NPP, SLSTR on \\  & & & Sentinel-3A and further \\  & & & satellite sensors” \\ \hline \multicolumn{4}{c}{} & & Infrared-Image Processing for \\  & & & the DLR FireBIRD Mission, \\  & & chapter on: “Image \\  & & & observation of the devastating \\  & & & “Paradise fire” in November \\  & & & 2016 with TET-1, BIROS and \\  & & VIIRS” \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 3: Overview of some scientific papers and documents, structured by “grouping” numbers.  
where \(\sigma\) is the Stefan-Boltzmann constant, and T\({}_{\rm bg}\) is the background temperature;
* The \"Wooster method\" for FRP* estimates, using the MIR channel signal only (with sufficient accuracy only for flaming fires with temperatures \(>\) 700 K): \[\rm{FRP^{*}}=4.35~{}P_{F}~{}(L_{\rm{mir}}-L_{\rm{mir-bg}})\] (2) where P\({}_{\rm F}\) is the MIR ground pixel area, and L\({}_{\rm{mir}}\) and L\({}_{\rm{mir-bg}}\) are the BIRD MIR radiances of a hot pixel and of the background, respectively.