## 1 Introduction  
Energy is pivotal to the economic growth of any country and its increased demand/ production in recent times, triggered by increasing population, has led to the extreme usage of fossil fuels such as petroleum, natural gas, coal, etc. The utilization of fossil fuels as prime sources has drawbacks, especially in the area of global warming caused by greenhouse gas emission. This is in addition to the cost-intensiveness and depletion of its reserves [1, 2]. Environmental deterioration caused by these greenhouse gas emissions from power plants is seen as a significant threat to societies that are concerned by the consequences of global warming. According to an IEA 2022 report [3], CO\({}_{2}\) emission increased by 0.9% in 2022, peaking to an all-time high value of about 36.8 GT. [PERSON] et al. [4] have reported that electricity generation accounts for about 32% of CO\({}_{2}\) emissions followed by heating and cooling sources, which account for 33%, and transportation media, which account for 35%. This demonstrates that about 65% of CO\({}_{2}\) emission are due to power generation, heating and cooling, which are necessities for human survival. It justifies the need for efficient systems to manage and improve energy conservation as well as renewable energy sources that could complement or replace fossil fuels. An energy management system that has gained research interest due to its fuel efficiency and reduced greenhouse emission rate is the combined cooling, heating and power (CCHP) system. The CCHP system involves the integration of various thermodynamic systems to produce two or more forms of energy in such a way that a 'top system' can be employed to drive a 'bottom system'. A 'top system' in this context refers to systems such as gas turbines that require a high degree of energy for their operation while a 'bottom system' such as the Rankine cycle, Kalina cycle, absorption chiller, etc., require a lower amount of energy [5]. [PERSON] and [PERSON] conducted an analysis to compare a usual energy system with the CCHP system [6]. Their study established that efficiency improved by about 33%, owing to the cascade energy application of the CCHP system. The inclusion of renewable energy, either as an adjunct to or as a replacement, for fossil fuels is another energy management idea that is under consideration. According to the 2023 BP Energy Outlook [7], wind and solar power would account for about two-thirds of the global power generation by 2050 and their rapid adoption would be fuelled by a fall in their costs. The solar energy source is predominately employed in CCHP systems--though, due to its variability and the volatility of its radiation, not necessarily as a standalone energy source--to decrease the amount of fossil fuel expended. In CCHP systems, thermal energy is generated from the sun via solar thermal collectors which are either concentrating or non-concentrating. Several pieces of literature have discussed the CCHP systems integrated with solar energy for multiple applications. The effectiveness of a solar energy-integrated CCHP system over one powered by an internal combustion engine has been confirmed by [PERSON] et al. [8], who configured a solar-assisted CCHP system. Similarly, [PERSON] et al. [9] have proposed a hybrid CCHP system that yielded a 30.4% fuel saving with a 26% solar energy input. CCHP systems offer a sustainable solution to improve energy conservation by reducing greenhouse emissions, heat loss and operation cost, and by improving the overall energy efficiency while ensuring the presence and reliability of several energy generation options [10]. However, the search for more optimal thermodynamic performance indicators is on-going. The CCHP system's performance can be enhanced through optimization [11]. Optimization advancements in the 1960 and 1970s saw the advent of a meta-heuristic approach, known as evolutionary algorithms. A predominant example of this approach is the genetic algorithm optimization proposed by [PERSON] [12].