# The Role of Multi-Agent Systems in Realizing Asset Administration Shell Type 3
## 2 Background
### Asset Administration Shell Type 3 Definition and Requirements
#### 2.2.2 Requirements  
From the available definitions, it is possible to identify key requirements/characteristics for AAS Type 3, namely autonomy, intelligence, and collaboration. Although this set of requirements is still limited, these elements provide a useful basis for recognizing and  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{p{34.1 pt} p{34.1 pt}} \hline \hline
**Ref.** & **AAS Type 3 (Proactive AAS) Definition** \\ \hline
[3]\({}^{*}\) & \({}^{*}\) (...) can participate in protocol-based interactions, as defined, for example, in the VDI/VDE 2193 standard for the bidding process (...) The goal is to design decentralized processes that rely on a certain degree of autonomy or decision-making capability of the AASs” \\ \hline
[19]\({}^{*}\) & \({}^{*}\) Interactions which need peer-to-peer interactions between AAS of I4.0 components. The exchange of messages may be structured according to a grammar of an Industrie 4.0 language or may be implemented by using standardized APIs. Type 3 AAS interactions enable I4.0 components to become pro-active components which can support system integration and system interaction in a peer-to-peer environment between I4.0 components, e.g., to enable AAS assisted plug \& play scenarios between I4.0 components” \\ \hline
[20]\({}^{*}\) & \({}^{*}\) An AAS Server Application with a corresponding interface for the I4.0 language is at the same time a client and a server and is a so called proactive AAS” \\ \hline
[21]\({}^{*}\) & \({}^{*}\) Type 3 is the so called “Industrie 4.0 Language” with active AAS, which is similar to agents” \\ \hline
[22] & \({}^{*}\) AASs are able to interact autonomously with each other via a standardized interface with a common syntax and semantics base, thus realizing peer-to-peer AAS interaction. (...) AASs can understand and cooperate with each other. (...) An AAS with such autonomy is called a proactive one” \\ \hline
[23] & \({}^{*}\)(...) proactive AAS can implement intelligence. The proactive AAS, that is not fully specified yet, can realize semi- or full-autonomous interactions which enables order driven production” \\ \hline
[24] & \({}^{*}\) AASs with the ability to interact as equals among themselves, offering and requesting services when necessary to meet their goals” \\ \hline
[25] & \({}^{*}\)(...) can take decisions and participate in protocol-based interactions” \\ \hline
[26] & \({}^{*}\)(...) proactive AAS also provides CRUD (create, read, update, delete) capabilities but can additionally communicate and bid with other AAS using the I4.0 language” \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} \({}^{*}\) Plattform Industrie 4.0 or IDTA official document.  
\end{table}
Table 2: Summary of AAS Type 3 definitions obtained from official documents and research works.  
classifying an AAS solution as Type 3, serving as a first step toward the development of more comprehensive design guidelines and implementation strategies. In this context, and to provide a clearer understanding of these requirements, this work defines them as follows:  
* Autonomy: \"the ability to make your own decisions without being controlled by anyone else\" (Cambridge Dictionary). Autonomy does not mean absolute freedom to decide arbitrarily but rather the capability to make decisions respecting predefined criteria and aligned with business purposes.
* Intelligence: \"the ability to learn and understand things quickly and easily\" (Cambridge Dictionary). Intelligence can have different levels, e.g., from basic rule-based mechanisms to advanced AI techniques.
* Collaboration: \"involving two or more people or organizations working together for a particular purpose\" (Cambridge Dictionary). In this context, collaboration refers to AASs working together for a particular purpose. Unlike simple communication, collaboration goes beyond the exchange of information and comprises a deeper, interdependent process where all participants play crucial roles in achieving a common goal.