## 2 Related Works
### Smart Grid Network  
A traditional grid generally works as a medium and distribution hub for electricity transmission from the distribution station to the end-users. The grid model is based on the principle of electromagnetism, with few sensors and a manual degree of control. The efficiency of the system thus becomes low during the high demand. Moreover, the system's reliability and security are very low compared to that of the other system [5]. The major drawback of the system is the manual distributing mechanism. The flexibility and the extension of the system thus become much more difficult. However, the Smart Grid solves all the drawbacks mentioned above. It is an intelligent distributed electrical network that operates in an automated mode. The reliability, flexibility, security, sustainability, and efficiency are much more as compared to the conventional grid [6]. Moreover, the Smart Grid provides two-way communication, numerous sensors, self-diagnostics capabilities, and remote monitoring facilities. The application of power electronics in the intelligent grid is off to a vast extent. Hence, the issue of the EMI in the current flow increases rapidly. The EMI issues in the smart grid have been reported to depend upon the magnitude of fault currents, their flowing paths, and harmonic contents. This interference may degrade the devices' efficiency and the system [7]. Moreover, the EMI sources coupling into a nearby device may also cause EMI radiations and lead to cascading effects. Thus, minimizing the EMI effect is one of the most critical issues to be handled in the SG network. When the circuit space becomes preferable, the size of the EMI filters can be reduced in proportional order and can be conducted simply by increasing the switching frequency of the filters. The smart meter is an important content of the Smart Grid Network. It works on the principle of the communication infrastructure to monitor real-time energy consumption and either distribute or optimize the energy per consumption. It consists of the micro-controller unit, metering chips, voltage converter, current converter, and peripheral circuit. The intelligent meters generally operate at the end-user level, primarily via LAN. Thus, a significant source of EMI issues is reported via the transmission line that causes transmission error, loss of message, and delay in the communication channel. The power Line Communication (PLC) system is the unique technology that makes the smart grid better than the others. It offers a modeling solution by importing bit error rates into the system via various architectures. The high-speed transmission with real-time bill generation, data processing, fault diagnostics, and reporting makes the PLC in the Smart grid a most crucial component. The PLC operates at a very high frequency, which might lead to EMI issues. As a result, the signal propagating generates multiple impulsive and stationary noises [5; 8]. The recent Ultra-wideband (UWB) pulse transmission technique shows lower power spectral density lowers the EMI in the channel approximately by 10 dB as compared to other modulation schemes. Another important electromagnetic issue concerns the intelligent grid's AC transmission system. The current switching is one of the major sources of the generation of interferences and noises in the channel. The AC transmission consists of components such as a DC-AC inverter, setup transformer, harmonic blocking transformer, and associated hardware control. Operating at a high frequency with constantly switching with the demand response gives rise to high electromagnetic disturbances. Thus, some techniques such as a thyristor-switched capacitor, static synchronous compensators along with the use of passive filters, and active filters can be used to reduce the EMI issues. The intelligent grid network plays a significant role in the electric vehicle market. EVs and PHEVs have entered the market and are gaining significant importance.