## 2 Materials and Methods
### Methods
#### 2.2.4 Visualisation  
Figure 3 presents the graphical UI for exploring the data and applying class labels to the satellite tiles. The main feature (D) is the two-dimensional embedding of the data in the form of a scatter plot. A content browser (F) displays the 256 by 256 image patch associated with each point. A map view (E) plots the location of each tile. Other windows (A-C) display, respectively, the data set explorer, t-SNE parameter interaction (in this case) and the class labels.  
After a data set has been chosen the initial view is displayed. For each dataset embedding, there are two forms of visualizations presented to the user, UMAP or t-SNE, each can be navigated from Manifold Explorer. Each embedding in the two-dimensional scatter plot shows with respect to the reduction technique the manifolds and patterns within the high-dimensional space for the dataset provided. Points between clusters or within a line show the transition between similar images as the features evolve for the particular manifold. For t-SNE embeddings, we included the ability for the user to customize the parameter and iterations displayed within its own contained user interface. Each embedding is accessed by interacting with a slider to swap between each iteration.  
The ability to zoom and filter regions of interest is implemented with a box selection method. The box can be drawn to any size and translated on the x, and y-axis by dragging. As points are selected, the content browser and map are updated. As all images are georeferenced, the map will have a small red marker in the geographical location of all selected samples for added context to labelling decisions. The content browser also updates to show an RGB composite of the selected images, which is how the user understands the contents of the manifold. Given the small pixel resolution of satellite images, we also included two sliders to change the image size and padding between samples.  
Figure 3: Our proposed visualization tool for navigating satellite imagery datasets. Left of the view is the content explorer, (**A**) with the ability to load multiple datasets and navigate multiple views. The controls to view the t-SNE parameters and iterations are labelled (**B**). Class colour and label control, (**C**) is housed in its own contained GUI. The main portion of the screen, (**D**) is dedicated to exploring the scatter plot. Map, (**E**) in the bottom left, views the geographical location of selected samples. The content explorer, (**F**) shows the original images for each selected point in the view (**E**). (**G,H**) demonstrate class labels (colours) applied to data points.  
Labelling is also conducted through the selection box. Selecting scatter points and pressing a number will label all points to the respective label. Selecting an image in the content browser will display a sub-menu where the user can select the label for the specific image.  
We also implement an analogy of version control where a dataset can be branched into multiple subsets, each in a sand-boxed environment consisting of the same interface. The user can explore and label the subset and then merge the branch back into the original dataset with an interface to choose the labels to merge.