## 2 Overview of Modern Technologies and Frameworks in Smart Healthcare Systems  
Traditional healthcare systems consist of doctors, patients, clinical observatories, laboratories, hospitals, electronic health record systems, and patient information systems. In addition, they can include various healthcare services associated with healthcare monitoring, diagnosis and medical treatment, medical research, decision-making, and hospital management that require key-enabler technologies to control and manage the aforementioned healthcare services. The integration of various modern technologies, such as AI, IoT, blockchain, edge computing, and cloud computing, can offer the automation, intelligence, security, and inexpensive computational ecosystem that constitute the cornerstone of health  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Author** & **Year** & **Contributions** & **Open Issues** & **Taxonomy** & **Case Study** & **Cons** \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [17] & 2019 & Survey on security requirements for Internet of medical things & Yes & No & No & Very consice security attacks are studied \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [18] & 2020 & Comprehensive survey on security and privacy issues of healthcare 4.0 & Yes & Yes & No & Most of the security solutions are based on authentication schemes \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [20] & 2020 & Review of blockchain-based security solutions for electronic healthcare systems & Yes & No & No & Only blockchain-based security solutions are explored \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [21] & 2021 & Review of healthcare applications, security, protocols and market opportunities of IoT-based healthcare system & Yes & Yes & No & Solutions are not operable with advance security vulnerabilities \\ \hline Jagathee superam & 2022 & Explored emerging technologies to offer security solutions in healthcare systems & Yes & No & Yes & Security attacks are partially explored \\ \hline The proposed review & 2022 & Explored security and privacy solutions with their countermeasures in smart healthcare systems & Yes & Yes & Yes & - \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 1: _Cont._care and improve the performance of the traditional healthcare system. The following are the key technologies adapted by the smart healthcare systems. Figure 2 illustrates key-enabled technologies with their essential characteristics in the smart healthcare system. Moreover, Table 2 shows the comparative analysis of various services offered by the modern technologies such as blockchain, IoT, AI, and cloud computing. Then, Table 3 presents a comprehensive analysis of the aforementioned modern technologies in the smart healthcare systems comprehensively.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt}} \hline \hline
**Modern Technologies** & **Advantages** & **Challenges** \\ \hline Blockchain & High security, decentralized, high latency, transferable identity, high reliability, anonymity & security issues with private owner, high bandwidth consumption, poor scalability with large network, high resource consumption \\ \hline AI & High availability, dynamic compatibility with all other platforms, and better efficiency & Low efficiency, high communication and computation costs, need to focus on protecting data \\ \hline Cloud computing & High computational capacity, efficient, improved data storage, improved flexibility and mobility & High communication costs, security concern, reliability, portability, and interoperability issues \\ \hline IoT & Requires low latency, lightweight algorithms, greater heterogeneity & Low computational capacity, data storage, and privacy challenges \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 2: Comparison analysis of various services offered by modern technologies.  
Figure 2: Emerging technologies and framework of smart healthcare systems with their essential characteristics.