# Strategic Resource Planning for Sustainable Biogas Integration in Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems  
[PERSON]  
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1 Institute for Energy Engineering, Universitat Politecnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera, s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain; carolbbl@die. overall costs and emissions, supporting sustainable rural electrification through renewable integration. Similarly, ref. [2] proposed a distributed energy management framework for multi-microgrid systems integrating biogas, solar, and wind energy. They introduced an energy hub model that optimizes energy exchange between microgrids to enhance system efficiency. The research emphasizes biogas's flexible role in meeting variable demands, especially during low solar and wind output periods. Significant advancements in microgrid energy systems and biogas technology have been made in recent years, addressing technical and economic challenges highlighted in previous studies. For instance, ref. [8] introduced a method to optimize the size and location of renewable resources, including biogas, within electricity grids, emphasizing economic and environmental impacts and highlighting biogas's role in balancing solar and wind fluctuations. Similarly, ref. [9] optimized a hybrid energy system combining biogas and photovoltaic plants for a rural Spanish community, achieving notable cost reductions and demonstrating the practical benefits of integrated systems. Moreover, by analyzing individual end uses and external factors, ref. [10] proposed a forecasting method that enhances microgrid energy management by aligning demand with generation. These studies collectively showcase the potential of biogas as a critical component in resilient and efficient energy systems while highlighting areas for further exploration. However, these studies often focus primarily on the outputs--specifically the generated energy from biogas and its role in hybrid energy systems--while overlooking the biogas production process. This oversight neglects crucial factors such as enhancing the efficiency of biomass conversion into biogas, which is essential for a comprehensive understanding of biogas integration into renewable energy systems. To address this gap, researchers have shifted toward optimizing biomass utilization, particularly animal manure and agricultural residues, as sustainable feedstocks for bioenergy production. Studies in this area [11; 12; 13; 14; 15; 16; 17; 18; 19; 20; 21; 22; 23; 24; 25] explore technological advancements like gasification and anaerobic digestion to efficiently convert biomass into renewable energy. They highlight the significant role of manure and crop residues in achieving environmental goals within a circular bioeconomy framework by reducing greenhouse gas emissions and supporting sustainable agricultural practices. For example, ref. [12] introduced a simplified model for optimizing biogas plants to supply energy based on demand, addressing challenges in renewable energy integration. Traditional biogas plants often operate at a constant full load, limiting their flexibility. They proposed a simplified model that uses only four parameters to address this, replacing the more complex standard anaerobic process model. This streamlined approach enables faster simulations and allows biogas plants to adapt more readily to fluctuations in energy demand. Experimental validation shows that this model maintains accuracy while significantly enhancing computational efficiency, making it suitable for real-time optimization in the renewable energy market. Similarly, ref. [13] reviewed the life cycle assessment of biogas production from manure, highlighting both environmental benefits and challenges. Despite manure's low energy potential and limited biogas conversion efficiency compared to other biomass sources, it remains an environmentally viable feedstock, especially when co-digested with other organic materials.