# Antibacterialativity of _Lysimachia nummularia_ L. in Oro-Dental Diseases
## 4 Discussion  
The expansive use of antibiotics has had as its reverse the emergence of the phenomenon of bacterial resistance and thus many antibiotics to many of these products used in medical therapeutic practice were excluded [25; 26]. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Species of Bacteria**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**The Diameter of Inhibition Area of Tested Samples (mm)**} & \multirow{2}{*}{
\begin{tabular}{c} **Positive Control—Antibiotic** \\ **Diameter (mm) Standards** \\ \end{tabular} } \\  & & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Mean \(\pm\) SD**} & \\ \cline{2-6}  & \(L\)_. herba_ & \(L\)_. _flores_ & \(L\)_. _radix_ & **NCCIs** & \\ \hline _Steptococcus mtilis_ & 6 \(\pm\) 0.02 & 6 \(\pm\) 0.01 & 6 \(\pm\) 0.01 & \(\mathrm{S}\geq 24\) & water \\  & & & & & & Ampicillin \\ _Entroaccus faecalis_ & 8 \(\pm\) 0.02 & - & 17 \(\pm\) 0.01 & \(\mathrm{S}\geq 17\) & \(\mathrm{S}\geq 16\) & \\  & & & & & & \\ _Staphylococcus aureus_ & 8 \(\pm\) 0.01 & 8 \(\pm\) 0.01 & 8 \(\pm\) 0.01 & \(\mathrm{S}\geq 15\); & \\  & with & with & with & \(\mathrm{S}\geq 15\); & \\  & resistant mutants & resistant mutants & resistant mutants & \(\mathrm{I}\)13-14 & water \\  & & & & & & \\  & & & & & & \\ _Escherichia coli_ & 10 \(\pm\) 0.01 & - & - & \(\mathrm{I}\)13-14 & \\  & & & & & & \\  & & & & & & \\ _Pseudomonas aeruginosa_ & 6 \(\pm\) 0.02 & - & - & \(\mathrm{S}\geq 15\); & \\  & & & & & & \\  & & & & & & \\  & & & & & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} For each determination, 3 measurements were made. L—_Lysimachia_, S—sensitive, R—resistance, I—intermediate.  
\end{table} 
Table 4: Evaluation of the antibacterial sensitivity of _Lysimachia nummularia_ L. extracts on strains isolated from pathological products from the oral cavity. Figure 6: Inhibition areas of the extracts obtained from _Lysimachia nummularia_ L. compared to antibiotics for _Pseudomonas_ and _Escherichia coli_. Thus, it has become a challenge for researchers around the world to find new ways in which these simple-structured organisms can be destroyed. It is estimated that there are around 500,000 species of plants that live in different areas of the earth; they represent immeasurable sources of secondary metabolites, so that the plant world can be considered the most important source of biologically active compounds [27; 28]. Lysimachia numnularia L., a plant present in the national botanical area, aligns with this trend to study the antibacterial properties of plant extracts [7; 29]. This pillar of research was supported by the results presented in the previous chapter in which we demonstrated that active metabolites are presents in the ethanolic dried extracts 40% in variable concentrations. After these determinations with indicative potential, we were able to establish an optimal extraction method to obtain extracts with possible antimicrobial properties. Due to the fact that the dry extract of _Lysimachia radix_ contains higher levels of certain compounds compared to the dried extracts of _Lysimachia herba_ or _Lysimachia flores_, these extracts can have an effect in the prevention and treatment of oro-dental infections produced by Gram-negative bacteria. The results obtained after the identification, separation, and quantitative determination of chlorogenic and caffeic acids and _trans_-resveratrol prove that the largest quantity was obtained at the level of _Lysimachia radix_, so we can standardize this dry extract in these separate polyphenic compounds. The obtained extracts were standardized in active principles with antimicrobial potential, choosing from the previously determined phenolic acids: _trans_-resveratrol and caffeic and chlorogenic acids. Moreover, the determination of total polyphenols was a parameter chosen in the standardization of the obtained extracts [11]. Phenolic compounds represent a group of secondary metabolites with important pharmacological properties for all medical fields.