## 3 Traditional Villages and Dwellings Cultural Landscape Zoning Analysis  
### Selection of Cultural Landscape Factors and System Construction  
Cultural factors serve as the essential components of cultural landscape elements, playing a crucial role in identifying and interpreting the distinctive traits of a cultural landscape. They also account for the significant variations that differentiate one cultural landscape from another [33]. According to the existing research results, synthesize the generalization of cultural landscape elements, combined with the information base of the field research of traditional villages in the Jiangxi-Anhui junction area, analyze the connotative qualities of the cultural landscape of the traditional villages in the region with material attributes and immaterial attributes of the cultural landscape, and select the most recognizable and representative factors of the cultural landscape from them. First of all, the natural geographic environment is the basis for shaping the village landscape, which is an intrinsic element that cannot be ignored [34]. The topography, elevation, and river flow not only determine the location and layout of the village but also deeply influence the architectural style and structure of residential buildings, including their appearance, number of floors, decorations, and roof forms. The study of these factors helps to understand the cultural landscape. Studying these factors helps to understand the interaction between cultural landscape and natural environment. Secondly, as the most intuitive and recognizable cultural landscape factors, the spatial form of traditional villages and the shape of traditional houses are the external characteristics of the geographic environment of villages and houses, which contain rich cultural elements [35]. The intertwined effects of natural geography and social and cultural environments have jointly shaped the unique appearance of traditional villages and traditional houses. The spatial layout of traditional villages not only reflects the social structure and cultural concepts of villages but also shows the adaptive relationship between villages and the natural environment. The form of the settlement, the pattern of streets and lanes, the scale and size, and the choice of orientation together constitute the spatial macro-organization of the village landscape. In addition, village site selection and village environment elements contain cultural connotations such as feng shui concepts [36], which have different forms of expression in different regions. As an important part of the village landscape, the diversity of residential buildings stems from the influence of topography, climate, regional culture, and other factors, which makes the residential buildings in different regions show significant regional differences in terms of architectural appearance, number of floors, architectural decorations, roof forms, and other aspects. Finally, the social and cultural environment has a far-reaching impact on village landscapes, as cultural landscapes are not static and should also take into account the factor of time, reflecting historical influences in the division of cultural zones. Therefore, factors such as language, the age of village establishment, the origin of migration, and the dominant culture reflect the formation and development of the cultural landscape, which shapes the historical memory and cultural identity of villages and influences their development and construction. Consequently, based on the recent scholarly research in this domain [15; 16; 22; 37], as well as referring to the principles for identifying cultural landscape factors: (1) intrinsic uniqueness; (2) extrinsic uniqueness; (3) local uniqueness; (4) overall dominance [38]. 21 cultural landscape factors were selected to reflect the characteristics and cultural attributes of the Jiangxi-Anhui junction region. These factors were drawn from aspects such as the natural geographic environment, traditional settlements, traditional dwellings, and historical culture.