# Vehicle Delay Model Applied to Dynamic and Static Traffic Impact Analysis of Large Parking Lots
## 1 Introduction  
With the surge of urban development density, the trend of land intensification is obvious, such as large commercial complexes, large hospitals, industrial parks, and other buildings and facilities came into being, giving birth to a large number of large parking lots. Although increasing the number of parking spaces in large parking lots can alleviate the shortage of parking spaces, it makes the arrival and departure of vehicles more concentrated. This leads to a more obvious impact on the dynamic and static traffic between the parking lot and the surrounding roads, which leads to a series of new problems of \"parking difficulty\", such as the bottleneck between the entrance and exit of the parking lot and the connecting road. This is not only directly related to the accessibility of vehicles, but also leads to the problem of slow traffic or congestion on the connecting roads, which reduces the traffic efficiency of the surrounding road network. Based on the above analysis, the problem of traffic congestion at the junction of entrance and exit of large parking lots is outstanding. It is particularly important to make a good connection between static traffic and dynamic traffic at the entrance and exit of large parking lots. How to evaluate the influence of dynamic and static traffic at the entrance and exit of large parking lots needs further analysis and research. At present, the impact analysis of dynamic and static traffic is mostly focused on signal intersections, expressways and urban roads. A method based on vehicle dynamics theory was proposed to calculate vehicle delay and queue length through floating vehicle survey data [1; 2]. An impact assessment method based on queuing time to study traffic congestion at signalized intersections was studied, and the relationship between queuing time, queuing length and vehicle delay was discussed [3; 4; 5]. [PERSON] used the queue length and traffic efficiency index of the intersection to evaluate the safety of the interaction between traffic flows at the intersection [6; 7; 8; 9]. In these studies, delay, queue length, parking times and density are mainly used as indicators of traffic impact analysis to identify and predict the congestion of traffic flow. The research contents are more inclined to the analysis of the impact on the dynamic traffic. For the researches of parking lots, it is mostly through the construction of simulation environment to obtain the index results such as queue length, delay and speed, and then conduct impact analysis. Based on VISSIM, [PERSON] and other scholars [10; 11] compared the different design schemes of the parking lot and analyzed the impact between the dynamic and static traffic flow of the parking lot with the queue length as the evaluation index. [PERSON] selected sections with similar road conditions and traffic conditions as the research object, further studied the relationship between the traffic flow at the entrance and exit of the parking lot and the road running speed, and studied the interaction between the traffic flow at the entrance and exit of the parking lot and the road traffic [12; 13]. At present, although there are many studies on the connection of parking lots, the interaction between vehicles entering and leaving the parking lot and road vehicles is still lacking. In addition, the relationship between traffic volumes and evaluation indexes is not directly revealed, which makes the models are complex and difficult to understand. Considering the interaction between the entrance and exit channels of the parking lot and the connecting road, this paper proposed a dynamic and static traffic impact analysis method of the parking lot based on the vehicle delay model. As the vehicle delay can effectively reflect the congestion degree of dynamic traffic flow and the perception sensitivity of static traffic flow, this paper selected the average vehicle delay as the evaluation index of the impact between the traffic flows at the entrance and exit of large parking lots.