# Efficacy of Four In Vitro Fungicides for Control of Wilting of Strawberry Crops in Puebla-Mexico
## 3 Results
### In Vitro Sensitivity Bioassay and Mycelial-Growth Inhibition
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline \begin{tabular}{c} **Fungicides** \\ **(Commercial name)** \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} **Concentration** \\ **(mg L\({}^{-1}\))** \\ \end{tabular} & \
\begin{tabular}{c} **Development Rate \({}^{*}\)** \\ **(mm h\({}^{-1}\))** \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} **Growth Rate \({}^{*}\)** \\ **(mm d\({}^{-1}\))** \\ \end{tabular} & **1\%** \\ \hline Control & - & 0.2873 \(\pm\) 0.0082 d & 6.7104 \(\pm\) 0.0888 g & 0.00 h \\  & 450 & 0.1557 \(\pm\) 0.0008 bc & 3.5296 \(\pm\) 0.0833 d & 47.54 \(\pm\) 3.12167 e \\ Captan 50® & 900 & 0.1426 \(\pm\) 0.0077 bc & 3.2432 \(\pm\) 0.1408 d & 51.71 \(\pm\) 1.31683 d \\  & 1350 & 0.1366 \(\pm\) 0.0030 bc & 3.1600 \(\pm\) 0.0806 d & 52.90 \(\pm\) 1.57778 d \\  & 600 & 0.2632 \(\pm\) 0.0076 d & 5.9992 \(\pm\) 0.0847 f & 10.73 \(\pm\) 4.3486 g \\ Mancosol 80® & 1200 & 0.1658 \(\pm\) 0.0114 c & 4.4512 \(\pm\) 0.3004 e & 33.68 \(\pm\) 5.1496 f \\  & 1800 & 0.1648 \(\pm\) 0.0011 c & 4.3376 \(\pm\) 0.0237 e & 35.46 \(\pm\) 1.64257 f \\  & 450 & 0.1427 \(\pm\) 0.0279 bc & 4.7025 \(\pm\) 0.7000 e & 29.95 \(\pm\) 7.43654 f \\ Taloni175® & 900 & 0.0961 \(\pm\) 0.0223 b & 2.4399 \(\pm\) 0.5936 c & 63.48 \(\pm\) 6.91699 c \\  & 1350 & 0.0923 \(\pm\) 0.0244 b & 1.6305 \(\pm\) 0.5031 b & 75.70 \(\pm\) 9.65249 b \\  & 250 & 0.00 \(\pm\) 0.00 a & 0.00 \(\pm\) 0.00 a & 100.00 a \\ Benomyl 50® & 500 & 0.00 \(\pm\) 0.00 a & 0.00 \(\pm\) 0.00 a & 100.00 a \\  & 750 & 0.00 \(\pm\) 0.00 a & 0.00 \(\pm\) 0.00 a & 100.00 a \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}  
* Means followed by the same letter are not significantly different for \(p\leq\) 0.05 according to Tukey test.  
\end{table} 
Table 4: In vitro efficacy of four fungicides on the rate of development, speed of growth, and percentage of inhibition of mycelial growth of the MA-FC120 strain. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \ \begin{tabular}{c} **Origin** \\ \end{tabular}  & \begin{tabular}{c} **Sum of Squares** \\ **(Type III)** \\ \end{tabular}  & **gL** & **Mean Square** & **F** & **Sig. ** \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Corrected model} & \(X_{1}\) = Treatments & 523.500 a  & 26 & 20.135 & 10.738 & \textless{}0.001 \\  & \(X_{2}\) = Rate of Development & 0.310 b  & 26 & 0.012 & 202.898 & \textless{}0.001 \\  & \(X_{3}\) = Growth Rate & 330.807 c  & 26 & 12.723 & 133.673 & \textless{}0.001 \\  & \(X_{1}\) & 782.759 & 1 & 782.759 & 417.471 & \textless{}0.001 \\ Intersection & \(X_{2}\) & 0.621 & 1 & 0.621 & 10580.715 & \textless{}0.001 \\  & \(X_{3}\) & 477.343 & 1 & 477.343 & 5  
The effect of fungicides on mycelial development and morphology of fungal colonies of strain MA-FC120 was corroborated after 10 days of incubation with respect to control, showing a marked inhibition of mycelial development and pronounced radial growth deformation compared to the control group (Figure 3). However, strain MA-FC120 showed higher resistance to Mancosol 80\({}^{\text{\text{\textregistered}}}\) and Talonil 75\({}^{\text{\textregistered}}\) at lower doses (Figure 3). At the 600 mg L\({}^{-1}\) concentration, the strain reached a 5.9992 mm d\({}^{-1}\) development rate, while at the 450 mg L\({}^{-1}\) concentration, strain MA-FC120 reached a 4.7025 mm d\({}^{-1}\) development rate, in both cases presenting a harmless effect on the classification scale established by IOBC [38] (Figure 4). At the concentrations evaluated and according to the IOBC [38] classification scale, the protective fungicides Mancosol 80\({}^{\text{\textregistered}}\) and Captain 50\({}^{\text{\textregistered}}\) were slightly toxic; however, fungicide Talonil 75\({}^{\text{\textregistered}}\) at a dose of 1350 mg L\({}^{-1}\) showed moderate toxicity (Figure 4).