# Extended Reality in Applied Sciences Education: A Systematic Review
## 4 Discussion
Less frequent but noteworthy terms, such as \"mixed reality\", \"learning motivation\", and \"learning effectiveness\", indicate potential directions for further investigation, including the design of immersive MR scenarios and the assessment of XR's impact on learner engagement. Although \"mixed reality\" appears fewer times than VR and AR, its presence implies a gradual shift toward more advanced XR setups that combine real-time spatial mapping and virtual content. Additionally, terms like \"ICT\", \"3D animation\", and \"stem education\" signal broader trends in digital pedagogy and subject-specific applications. Collectively, these emerging keywords underscore the evolving landscape of XR research, pointing to future expansions in multi-user environments, gamified approaches, and data-informed evaluations of learning outcomes. To further promote the application of XR technologies in education, institutions can adopt the following strategies:  
1. Develop Professional Development Programs: provide specialized training courses for teachers on XR technologies to support their use of innovative teaching methods in the classroom, thereby improving learning outcomes. 2. Establish Comprehensive Support Systems: develop XR teaching guides and implementation manuals for educational applications, offering technical consultations and training to reduce the technical barriers faced by schools in adopting XR technologies. 3. Encourage Public-Private Partnerships: foster collaborations between governments and industries to provide schools with necessary funding and equipment, particularly in foundational education, ensuring that technology costs do not become a barrier for institutions. 4. Deepen Interdisciplinary Integration: incorporate XR technologies into curriculum design to promote interdisciplinary learning and innovation, with a focus on integrating STEM and humanities subjects. 5. Conduct Long-Term Impact Assessments: undertake systematic empirical studies to analyze the long-term effects of XR technologies on student performance, engage  
Figure 10: Word cloud representation of keyword trends in XR technologies research. ment, and critical thinking development, providing evidence for educational policy and practice. It is worth noting that the limited use of MR technologies in primary and secondary education may stem from their higher hardware costs and implementation thresholds. However, as the technology continues to mature and become more accessible, MR could potentially gain traction in foundational education. Incorporating more interdisciplinary and immersive learning scenarios in curriculum design could bring new possibilities to primary and secondary education. Additionally, collaborations between schools and industries may help reduce implementation costs, paving the way for MR technologies to be integrated into foundational education. Domain-Specific XR Applications in Applied Sciences Education: Distribution Patterns and Pedagogical Implications  
This study reveals that XR technologies have been applied across diverse academic disciplines, with the most extensive usage observed in the field of medical sciences and technology. VR technology stands out as the primary tool in this domain due to its immersive learning advantages, which effectively enhance knowledge retention and professional skill development. By simulating complex and high-risk medical procedures, VR provides a safe practice environment, significantly reducing the need for physical materials. It also allows students to improve their practical skills and operational precision through repeated practice, ultimately boosting their confidence [13; 33]. In industrial design and engineering, VR technology is particularly prominent, as this field emphasizes creative product design and functional development processes, including structural assembly, aesthetic design, and functional testing. VR enables students to interact with 3D models and visualize complex structures, thereby improving spatial understanding and practical skills [40].