## 1 Introduction  
The devastating effects of ischemic stroke affect millions of people each year, and current treatment options for this condition are severely limited. The development of better and safer treatments is hampered by a lack of knowledge about the precise pathogenic mechanisms underlying stroke. In 85% of stroke patients, the cause is an occlusion/blockageof an artery in the brain. Restoring blood flow (reperfusion) after a stroke remains a key strategy for stroke treatment [1; 2]. However, two thirds of stroke survivors remain largely disabled. Although the timely restoration of blood flow in the cerebral artery is necessary to save brain tissue, reperfusion of the ischemic site, under certain conditions, also has devastating consequences, contributing to increased tissue damage with a further worsening of the disease outcome since it leads to oxidative stress [1; 2]. Ischemic brain damage includes a cascade of signaling and metabolic events leading to the induction of necrotic and apoptotic processes. There is a decrease in the partial pressure of oxygen, the supply of tissue with glucose and other nutrients, an increase in the concentration of extracellular glutamate, an increase in [Ca\({}^{2+}\)]i in neurons and astrocytes, an increase in ROS production, etc. [3; 4]. The use of tissue plasminogen activator in the treatment of ischemic stroke has a number of limitations, the key ones being a narrow therapeutic window, lack of specificity, cell death, cerebral oedema, and damage to the blood-brain barrier (BBB) [5]. The delivery of drugs and imaging agents for the diagnosis of disorders of the nervous system is limited by the presence of two brain barriers--the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier. Nanotechnology is currently extremely focused on obtaining nanostructures to overcome these barriers. The permeability of the BBB has been found to change in many CNS pathologies, such as brain injury, ischemic stroke, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and psychiatric disorders such as mood disorders, psychosis, autism spectrum disorder, and even chronic sleep disorder [6]. There are two main ways of crossing the blood-brain barrier of the brain: paracellular and transcellular [7]. At the same time, it is believed that transcellular pathways transport molecules across the BBB more efficiently compared to the paracellular routes since they both use regular biological routes and retain the BBB integrity [8]. Nanoparticles are likely to be able to penetrate the BBB through both of these routes. Therefore, the search for effective nanocomplexes for the delivery of active compounds to brain damage centers remains an urgent task. Nanoparticles are of great interest as a nanotransporter of active compounds to organs and tissues. Each of the forms of nanoparticles has its own advantages and limitations for use in biomedicine. Most works in the field of nanomedicine are focused on the preparation and study of spherical nanoparticles of various origins due to their ease of preparation and large specific surface area for sorbing active compounds [9; 10; 11]. However, there are prerequisites for the development of new, more complex forms of nanostructures to increase their therapeutic potential. It was shown that the relative bioavailability of the long rod loading drug system was much higher than that of short rod and spherical nanoparticles. However, there was no marked difference in the relative bioavailability of the short rod and spherical nanoparticles loading drug system. This result may be due to the following reasons. On the one hand, due to its longer residence time than spherical nanoparticles, the carriers possessed enough time to stay outside the intestinal mucosa and gradually released the drugs. On the other hand, long rods possessed longer blood-circulation lifetime after being absorbed by intestine than short rod and spherical nanoparticles. These two factors interacted together and make it have the highest relative bioavailability [9; 12].