# In-Line Target Production for Laser IFE
## 2 Modeling Results
### Noncontact Accelerating of a Target  
Creation of a delivery system based on noncontact positioning and transport of IFE targets represents one of the major tasks in the IFE research program. The purpose is to maintain a fuel layer quality during the target acceleration and injection at the laser focus. The ability of the target to withstand acceleration during its transport and injection is a key issue in the design of the target delivery system. The stringent requirements to the delivery process are as follows [13; 27]: targets \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline  & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**D\({}_{2}\) Fuel**} \\ \hline  & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Calculation**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Experiment**} \\ \hline \(\mathbf{T_{in}}\) & \(\mathbf{\tau_{form}}\) & \(\mathbf{\tau_{2 rol}}\) & \(\mathbf{\tau_{2 rol}}\) \\ \hline
35.0 K & 22.45 s & & \\
27.5 K & 12.05 s & 23.49 s & 23.5 s (min) \\ \hline  & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**D\(-\)T Fuel**} \\ \hline  & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Calculation**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Experiment**} \\ \hline T\({}_{\rm in}\) & \(\tau_{\rm form}\) & \(\tau_{\rm 3 rol}\) & \(\tau_{\rm 3 rol}\) \\ \hline
37.5 K & 28.52 s & 33.29 s & \\
28.0 K & 14.25 s & 34.79 s & 35 s (min) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: FST layering for both D\({}_{2}\) and D\(-\)T.  
should have a temperature of not higher than 18.3 K; the overloads during its acceleration in the injector can be a = 500-1000g (but there is a desired acceleration limit a \(<\)500g in order to significantly reduce risks of the target damage due to mechanical overloads arising in the process of its acceleration; targets must be accelerated to high injection velocities (200-400 m/s) to withstand the reaction chamber environment. Therefore, the target acceleration is carried out in a special capsule--target carrier or sabot, which transmits a momentum of motion to the target. The LPI program includes much development work on creation of different designs of the hybrid accelerators for IFE target transport with levitation. One of the main directions is an electromagnetic accelerator (EM-AC) + PMG-System, where PMG is the permanent magnet guideway. The operational principle is based on a quantum levitation of type-II, high temperature superconductors (HTSC) in the magnetic field. The target temperature (T = 18.3 K) excludes the use of type-I superconductors as they have the critical temperature T\({}_{\text{c}}\) \(<\) 10 K, i.e., their heating above 10 K destroys their superconductivity. At the current research stage, the concept development of a hybrid accelerator <<EM-AC + PMG>> is complete and proof-of-principle experiments in the mutually normal magnetic fields are carried out. The proposed accelerator is a combination of the acceleration system (field coils generating the traveling magnetic waves) and the levitation system (PMG including a magnetic track). The experimental setup is shown in Figure 3. The PMG consists of 6 rectangular permanent magnets, and two in the middle were covered with a ferromagnetic plate. Along the magnetic track (or acceleration length) the magnetic field is constant (B = 0.33 T onto the permanent magnet surface), which allows the HTSC-Sabot to move with no energy loss. Normal to the acceleration length, the magnet poles are aligned anti-parallel to each other N-S-N (Figure 3a) that produces a considerably strong gradient along the width of the magnetic track. This gradient prevents the motion of the HTSC-Sabots, and they remain located in the transverse direction (Y-axis in the rectangular coordinate system XYZ). In our experiments, the HTSC materials are superconducting ceramics based on YBa\({}_{2}\)Cu\({}_{3}\)O\({}_{7-\text{x}}\) (or Y123) [28] and superconducting tapes of the second generation based on GdBa\({}_{2}\)Cu\({}_{3}\)O\({}_{7-\text{x}}\) (or Gd123) [29].