## 4 Discussion  
Ophthalmological teams are confronted with significant decisions in refractive surgery, particularly regarding the selection of the specific model of IOL to be implanted in each patient to meet their expectations effectively. Without a deep knowledge of IOL designs, making the best decision for a particular patient's IOL implantation can prove to be exceedingly challenging. Access to the power profile of the IOLs before implantation would greatly assist in understanding the potential impact on the patient's pupil size. With the information of power profiles herein presented, any ophthalmic surgeon can decide to implant a given IOL model with a given nominal addition depending on the patient's pupil size and distance requirements. Additionally, having comprehensive aberrometric information for the IOLs is crucial, as relying solely on a single data point for induced spherical aberration, without considering pupil size, is common but inadequate. Higher-order aberrometric statements should include both aberration quantity and pupil size for meaningful interpretation. For this reason, if we consider the performance of the visual system under varying lighting conditions and subsequent changes in pupil diameter, it is essential for eye care practitioners to have aberration data for various pupil sizes or, at the very least, for the most common pupil diameters corresponding to different lighting conditions. On the other hand, providing complete information on the Zernike values for both 3-mm and 4.5-mm apertures could help other researchers to make image simulations of the optical behavior of those lenses implanted in a model eye before actual implantation. Without complete aberrometric information, those simulations are not possible. This study presents objective and independent in vitro results that enable the characterization of the radial power profiles and HOA, including spherical aberration and vertical coma, for three types of intraocular lenses (monofocal, multifocal with low addition, and multifocal with high addition) that share the same platform. To our knowledge, this is the first paper to present this information for the lenses evaluated. First, there is a rather formal aspect to consider, on whether it is appropriate to define a discontinuous wavefront as a combination of Zernike polynomials and, also, how to interpret the coefficients of these polynomials in term of aberrations. In general, it is possible to approximate a piecewise discontinuous function using a polynomial series, but we should have to assume some inaccuracies on the boundaries between the different regions. On the other hand, although the extension of concepts defined for continuous wavefront, such as Seidel aberrations, to discontinuous ones is not trivial, this does not mean that the information derived from the values of the coefficients of Zernike polynomials are useless to a clinician. Indeed, the opposite is the case, as it is always possible to compare the  
Figure 6: Secondary vertical coma Zernike coefficient [Z(5:–1)] from a 0.75-mm optical zone diameter up to a 5.00-mm optical zone diameter for the three IOL models (AN6, AN6V, AN6 VM) and for the three measured nominal powers (+10.00 D, +20.00 D, +30.00 D). values of the Zernike polynomial expansion of the lens measured with the same expansion of the wavefront aberrations of the eye after the lens implementation. The multifocal AN6V and AN6 VM lenses have a central notch housing the far power, which extends approximately 0.12 mm below the lens's center (Figure 1). Consequently, the central zone and the outer portion of the lens surrounding the near vision segment contribute to generating images of distant objects, while the near segment is responsible for near focus. In contrast, the monofocal AN6 lens has a symmetrical design covering 360\({}^{\circ}\). Concerning the central notch in the multifocal models, there is a possibility that if an implanted AN6V or AN6 VM lens becomes decentered inside the capsular bag, the notch might not align with the pupil center.