# Biocompounds and Bioactivities of Selected Greek Boraginaceae Seeds
###### Abstract
Therefore, the antioxidant activity of oils is of paramount importance for maintaining overall well-being and reducing the risk of oxidative-stress-related ailments [20,21]. The main phenolic compounds identified in Boraginaceae seeds include phenolic acids, flavonoids, and tannins. Phenolic acids, such as rosmarinic, caffeic, chlorogenic, and vanillic acids, are commonly found in these seeds and exhibit antioxidant properties. Flavonoids, including quercetin, kaempfer, and rutin, are another class of phenolic compounds occurring in Boraginaceae seeds, which exercise antioxidant, anticancer, cardioprotective, and anti-inflammatory effects [8,14,22,23]. Boraginaceae oil plays a crucial role in neutralizing free radicals and reducing oxidative stress, which are implicated in the development and progression of colorectal cancer. For instance, the phenolic compounds found in Boraginaceae oils can help to protect against DNA damage, inhibit cancer cell proliferation, and induce apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells. The potential chemopre and therapeutic effects of Boraginaceae oils against colorectal cancer are related to their antioxidant activity [24]. Greece is renowned for its rich biodiversity, and the family Boraginaceae contributes significantly to the country's plant diversity, especially of the islands. Boraginaceae is well represented in various regions of Greece, with a diverse array of species inhabiting different ecosystems. The family includes both native and endemic plants, adding to the unique biodiversity of the region. Species from the genera _Alkanna_, _Lithodora_, _Symplytum_, and _Onosma_ are among the notable members of Boraginaceae found in Greece. These plants exhibit a range of morphological characteristics, growth habits, and ecological adaptations, reflecting the diverse habitats they occupy, including mountains, plains, coastal areas, and islands. Therefore, the biodiversity of Boraginaceae in Greece is of great value for ecological balance, conservation efforts, and the potential discovery of new medicinal plants and bioactive compounds [25]. Previously, some Greek Boraginaceae species have been analyzed. For instance, the chemical compositions of hexane extracts of the lipid fraction of the roots of some Boraginaceae species from Greece and their phytochemical relevance were evaluated [26]. Furthermore, the phytochemical composition of aerial parts of _Rindera graeca_ was analyzed, and seven caffeic acid derivatives and two flavonoid glucosides were found [27]. The increasing interest in SDA- and GLA-rich oils from the pharmaceutical and food industries highlights the need for research to assess the biological activity of dietary SDA- and GLA-rich oils as healthy components of functional foods. On the other hand, elucidating the chemical composition and biological activity of Boraginaceae seeds from Greece will help in understanding the potential of these natural resources and will provide arguments to develop programs aimed at preserving natural habitats. Accordingly, this work was focused on disentangling the FA and phenolic compound profiles, the antioxidant activity, and the antitumor activity against the HT-29 human colorectal cancer cell line of selected Greek Boraginaceae seeds.