## 5 Discussion  
The initial part of the study focused on deciphering the nomenclature around Industry 4.0 and the underlying technologies. These new ideas were briefly reviewed in order to better comprehend the meaning of Industry 4.0, which is crucial for the implementation process. The evaluation of the advantages and disadvantages of implementing Industry 4.0 followed this section. Among the upsides, optimized environment, efficiency, quality, competitive prices, and economic growth can be mentioned [89]. One downside [90] is the need to overcome difficulties such as massive data storage, human training, a lack of finance, etc. Additionally, the preparedness of businesses was analyzed, and it was determined that the majority of enterprises of varying sizes were not equipped to install production systems based on Industry 4.0. The research's major focus was on barriers to the adoption of cyber-physical production networks, deep learning-assisted smart process planning, and industrial big data analytics [91]. The most often stated obstacles were a lack of finance and qualified employees. The competitiveness and a lack of willingness to accept new technology were also mentioned [92]. The two primary hurdles, social environment and financial resources, are intertwined. The partnership of firms, which was recommended to businesses as a strategy to combat possible vulnerabilities, such as a shortage of qualified labor, may be utilized to explain how interconnectivity works [93]. But for collaboration to be effective, financial resources for digitalization are necessary [94; 95; 96; 97]. The benefits of collaborating with other businesses and creating new business models were then discussed. SMEs and large corporations do not have equal opportunities to embrace Industry 4.0 technologies. Moreover, they have diverse purposes and foci, the combination of which might be useful [98; 99]. Large corporations can benefit from the flexible production and competitive edge of SMEs. Nevertheless, many difficulties and goals are shared by firms of all sizes, such as the need for skilled labor and the pursuit of high productivity [100; 101; 102]. Numerous SME owners cited a lack of financial resources as their principal difficulty; hence, it was essential to explore the veracity of this assertion and possible alternatives. It was determined that the EU helps SMEs because it benefits from their success. To support this claim, a list of EU programs that assist SMEs was provided. There are several alternatives for financial help, but their  
Figure 11: Government budget allocations for R&D (2021, \(\xi\) per person). Source: Adapted from Ref. [77]. acquisition might be difficult by a number of factors, including age, size, and subject of study. The limitations of the study are discussed at the conclusion of the report since its accuracy required verification. In the first place, there are insufficient scholarly resources addressing the study's specific concerns. Although it appears that sufficient sources were employed to generate this research, it is still hard to draw certain findings [103; 104; 105]. As was previously stated, while considering Industry 4.0, researchers are more inclined to focus on large corporations. There is insufficient evidence to support the dynamics of SMEs in the cyber-physical production environment in connection to the aforementioned difficulties performed and utilized in this study. In addition, not all European economies have been considered or examined. Therefore, the findings should not be used to describe the status of SMEs across Europe. Since studies usually focus on big economies such as China, the United States, or India, a portion of the information on the benefits and downsides of implementing Industry 4.0 was derived from U.S. research. As technology evolves at an extraordinary rate, a new source-related problem emerges. Due to the rapid evolution of technology and Industry 4.0, academic materials from only a few years ago may now be obsolete [106].