## 1 Introduction  
Global warming is threatening life on the earth, because it causes frequent and intense unanticipated environmental changes, such as drought, precipitation, and storms [1; 2; 3]. To mitigate global warming, the management of forests is an effective solutions [4; 5]. The major factor of global warming is CO\({}_{2}\), and reducing the gas concentration is essential to slow global warming [6; 7]. Forests hold a significant amount of CO\({}_{2}\) and offer a habitat for many species [8; 9]. Forests can be broadly categorized into mixed forests and monocultural forests. A mixed forest is a forest in which at least two botanical genera trees occur. On the other hand, only one botanical genera tree occurs in a monocultural forest. A mixed forest is more efficient than a monocultural forest. Researchers have suggested that mixed forests could be a larger buffer than monocultural forests against environmental changes [10]. The effect of 20 tree species in subtropical forests in southeast China has been studied, showing that the total carbon stocks increase 6.4% by adding a tree species. Additionally, more diverse species live in mixed forests [11] because these environments offer a diverse environment for life. Additionally, they have strong resistance to various disasters, such as landslides and wildfire. Initially, mixed forests are strong in landslides. Usually, evergreen trees are shallow-rooted, whereas deciduous trees are relatively deep-rooted. Therefore, mixed forests are advantageous in their vast soil retention, which yields resistance to landslides [12]. Secondly, mixed forests have resistance to wildfire. Flammability and resistance to fire are different in each species that comprise the forest. Thus, increasing the species diversity in forests could reduce the possibility of wildfires [13]. For instance, admixing broad leaves with conifers increases the resistance to fire more than pure conifer forest [14]. Their findings are supported by the observation that diverse species complement ecological trait and allow to reduce fuel and food resources. Therefore, constructing a mixed forest is an efficient solution to prepare for global warming threats. Naturally, the composition of the forest achieves a stable state by succession, where a relatively stable plant community dominates the plant population that suits each environment [15; 16]. Nevertheless, the human management of a forest for climate change adaptation and mitigation strategies is effective [17]. Therefore, human forest management is needed. The first step for creating mixed forests is seizing the vegetation of the target region. However, direct vegetation surveys are labor-intensive and time-consuming. Additionally, selecting sample regions for vegetation surveys could lead to erroneous results. Therefore, deciding the region for the survey has to carried out carefully. Using satellite images is a reasonable option which replaces direct vegetation surveys or helps select appropriate sample regions for vegetation surveys. In this study, the target region was Goemunoreum on Jeju Island. Jeju Island is covered with 368 monogenetic volcanic cones, called 'oreum' in the Jeju dialect [18]. This region has important geological value, containing well-preserved volcanic landforms [19]. Additionally, its vegetation is reported as a forest composed of warm-temperate plant species and evergreen broad-leaved forests [18; 20]. To confirm the vegetation of Geomunoreum, using the Sentinel-2 normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and RGB images, we distinguished two vegetation groups: evergreen and deciduous (including grassland). The NDVI is generally recognized as a good indicator for determining vegetation canopy biophysical properties [21; 22]. Some recent studies have used deep-learning models to classify the region [23; 24; 25]. However, they did not consider specific vegetation groups as in our approach.