# From 5G to 6G--Challenges, Technologies, and Applications
## 4 Current Research
### Numerical Discussion
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c} \hline
**Group/Center Name** & **Summary** \\ \hline Center for Wireless Comm. (FIN) [167] & Functioning under the University of Oulu, Finland, it is considered among the best in the world for wireless communications. One of their notable projects is testing the operation of autonomous cars in 6G networks. \\ \hline Next-Gen Wireless Comm. Lab [168] & Operates under Koc University, Turkey, and looks into bio-inspired nanonetworks, molecular communications, _THz_ femtocells, and many other fields. Famous for developing neuro-treatment techniques for humans. \\ \hline New York University Wireless [169] & A center under NYU, USA, that is heavily involved in the development of next-gen technologies, such as quantum nanodevices and circuits, as well as 6G applications and testbeds and communication foundations. \\ \hline Converged \(THz\) Comm. and Sensing [170] & Formed under the University of California, USA, this center is dedicated to researching systems, integrated circuits (ICs), and devices for \(THz\) systems, to achieve high data speeds and high-resolution imaging systems. \\ \hline Korean Inst. of Adv. Sci. and Tech. [171] & This the first government-funded research institute in Korea and has since played a pivotal role in the country’s economic growth. Leading Korea’s \&Bd progress, it has recently created a 6G research center. \\ \hline Samsung R\&D Inst. China-Beijing [172] & Operating under Samsung Electronics, this center focuses on next-gen communications and AI research, such as THz and RF components, as well as creating intelligent robots, augmented reality (AR) glasses, and more. \\ \hline Adv. Wireless Comm. Research Cent. [173] & Running under the University of Electro-Communications, Japan, this center is concerned with developing new technologies that suit next-gen wireless communication demands, such as seamless positioning sys. \\ \hline Center for Wireless Comm. [174] & Functioning under the University of California, San Diego, USA, this center focuses on enhancing 5G from different aspects, such as circuits’ networks and apps, wireless AR, and virtual AI-powered healthcare. \\ \hline Comm. Research Centre [175] & Found in Ottawa, Canada, it is one of the main and oldest wireless communications centers in Canada. Mainly, the center works closely withspectrum regulators by offering the best spectrum management and use. \\ \hline Tyndall National Institute [176] & A leading European research center that specializes in information and communications technology, especially electronics and photonics, such as wireless sensor networks for IoE and energy harvesting. \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 6: A brief preview of some of the biggest research group/centers that are interested in 85G/6G networks. For the larger picture, there have been other efforts put into future networks and constituting publications in non-paper formats in the last two years, such as book chapters, professional articles and newsletters, technical reports, and others. In [177; 178; 179; 180], multiple considerations for the next generation of networks were expressed in book sections. For example, the authors of [177] were committed to providing the readers a full discussion of the role of AI in autonomous networks, which will be a monumental part of next-gen networks. Researchers from the University of Oulu, Finland, released a handbook [178] thoroughly debating 6G's key drivers and challenges. Moving to articles and newsletters, there exists a large number of documents that can be put under our scope of study, and we note a few, such as [181; 182; 183; 184; 185]. In particular, Reference [181] provided insight into the opportunities for 6G research in terms of re-investigating a large bandwidth in the context of signal processing models and low-resolution multiple antenna architectures. The newsletter in [183] presented a review of multiple opinions from academicians about AI and THz communications for future wireless networks.