## 4 3D Integral Imaging Display Experimental Results  
To demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed method, two groups of InIm optical display experiments are conducted. The first group is for a computer-generated 3D scene in 3 dsMax. The second group is for a real 3D scene. Elemental images were captured by the synthetic aperture integral imaging technology [26]. Figure 4 shows two examples of the captured elemental images and the corresponding depth maps of the computer-generated 3D scene. A pyramid and a box are located at 190 mm and 490 mm in front of the camera. The depth range of the 3D scene is over 300 mm, exceeding the depth range of the display system (80 mm\(\sim\)100 mm). For the depth map, the pixel intensity represents the depth of the points recorded by the camera. As shown in Figure 4b, the further the objects are located, the lower the intensities will appear on the depth map. Parameters of the computer-generated 3D scene and the computational InIm pickup process are shown in Table 2.  
For the computer-generated 3D scene, the nearest surface (\(z_{near}\)) is located at 190 mm from the camera. We reset the depth range (\(d_{s}\)) as 80 mm. Based on Equations (1)-(3), two reference planes are selected to cover the 3D scene at 190 mm and 490 mm. The virtual pinhole arrays are calculated at 230 mm and 450 mm. The pixel information on the two reference planes is synthetically captured by their corresponding virtual pinhole arrays with distances (\(d\)) of \(-\)40 mm and 40 mm, respectively. By superimposing the synthetic elemental images, a synthetic elemental image array is generated with a rescaled depth range of 80 mm centering at the display plane. The scene size is about 220 mm (Horizontal, H) \(\times\) 120 mm (Vertical, V). Consider the field-of-view of the virtual pinhole array, the area for synthetic capture is approximately 140 mm (H) \(\times\) 69 mm (V) at \(\pm\)40 mm from the pinhole array. The 3D scene can be fully recorded by the synthetically generated elemental image array with a resize factor of 0.5. Figure 5 shows the generated synthetic elemental image arrays for 3D display. The elemental image array generated by the SPOC method remains the original depth and size information of the 3D scene, as shown in Figure 5a. Figure 5b is the elemental image array with the depth rescaling process. The depth range has been rescaled from 300 mm to 80 mm. By combining the depth rescaling and the scene resizing, a synthetic captured elemental image array is newly generated, as shown in Figure 5c. The depth of the 3D scene has been rescaled from 300 mm to 80 mm on the z axis, and the scene has been resized on the x-y axis by a factor of 0.5. The enlarged elemental images show that by setting multiple reference planes, pixel information of a large depth 3D scene can be mapped correctly, so that detailed information can be captured with the depth rescaling process. However, due to the limited resolution of the display device, only partial information of the 3D scene can be captured by the elemental image array. With the scene resizing process, the 3D scene is fully recorded by the synthetic captured elemental image array. Note that due to the use of multiple reference planes that better match the object's depth during the depth rescaling process (as discussed in Section 2), details in the pyramid are well preserved in the elemental images, as shown in Figure 5c. In contrast, with the conventional SPOC method, which uses a single reference plane, details in the pyramid are lost, as illustrated in Figure 5a, because the reference plane is far from the actual object depth.