# Design of Liquid-Air Hybrid Cooling Garment and Its Effect on Local Thermal Comfort
## 5 Results  
### Local Skin Temperature  
Figure 11 illustrates the local skin temperature changes at eight sites in the four garment scenarios. The eight sites were the neck, chest, belly, shoulder, back, hand, thigh, and calf. The horizontal view of Figure 11a, Figure 11b, Figure 11c and Figure 11d represent the temperature changes of the AAL, SAL, YAL, and CON groups at 15, 30, and 45 min, respectively, and their variability at each site at the same time, while the vertical view shows the three cooling garments at 15, 30, and 45 min, respectively, compared with the non-cooling group at the same time. From Figure 11a, it can be seen that the shoulder temperature of the AAL group was the lowest during the three time periods at 15, 30, and 45 min, and there was a temperature difference of about 0.5 \({}^{\circ}\)C compared with the SAL of the same layout. Longitudinal observation of the four graphs at the 45 th minute revealed that at the end of the experiment, the shoulder temperature of the non-cooled group CON was 35.1 \({}^{\circ}\)C, while the lowest temperature of the cooled garment group was only 33.6 \({}^{\circ}\)C, a temperature difference of 1.5 \({}^{\circ}\)C. This indicates that the cooling effect of the three cooling garments in the shoulder area was significant. Data analysis showed significant differences between the shoulder and the chest, the shoulder and the hand, and the shoulder and the calf at the 15 th, 30 th, and 45 th minutes (\(p<0.01\)). \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**Scale** & **Thermal Sensation Vote (TSV)** & **Thermal Comfort Vote (TCV)** \\ \hline \(-\)3 & Cold & Very uncomfortable \\ \(-\)2 & Cool & Uncomfortable \\ \(-\)1 & Slightly cool & Slightly uncomfortable \\ 0 & Neutral & Comfortable \\ 1 & Slightly warm & Very comfortable \\ 2 & Warm & – \\ 3 & Hot & – \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} Note: –, not applicable.  
\end{table} 
Table 4: Perceptual response rating scales. From Figure 11b, it can be seen that the belly had the lowest temperature in the three time periods of 15, 30, and 45 min, which was because the fan for SAL was designed in the side waist, and its air was circulated in the belly and back, so the belly received more intense air cooling. Data analysis showed significant differences in both the chest and the  
Figure 11: Local skin temperature of the subjects in (**a**) AAL, (**b**) SAL, (**c**) YAL, and (**d**) CON. _\"*\"_ means significant difference at \(p<0.01\) level, and _\"#\"_ means significant difference at \(p<0.05\) level. back at the 15 th and 30 th minutes. There was a significant difference between the chest and shoulder in the 30 th and 45 th minutes (\(p<0.01\)). From Figure 11c, it can be seen that the back temperature of YAL was the lowest in the three time periods of 15, 30, and 45 min, and the back temperature of YAL was only 33.5 \({}^{\circ}\)C at the 45 th minute, compared with 34.9 \({}^{\circ}\)C for the back temperature of the non-cooled CON at the same time, with a temperature difference of 1.4 \({}^{\circ}\)C. Comparing Figure 11a and Figure 11b, it can been seen that the back temperature for YAL is lower than that for AAL and SAL. From Figure 11c, it can also be found that YAL's chest temperature was the highest in the three time periods of 15, 30, and 45 min, and a longitudinal observation of the chest temperature at the 45 th minute showed that YAL's chest temperature was significantly higher than that of AAL and SAL. Data analysis showed that at the 15 th, 30 th, and 45 th minutes, the back and the belly, the back and the chest, and the back and the neck were significantly different (\(p<0.01\)).