# Secure NIfTI Image Authentication Scheme for Modern Healthcare System
## 4 Proposed Watermarking Method
### Watermark Extraction Process
Thus, the suggested watermarking method might authenticate and identify the correct NIfTI picture before diagnosis. After the watermarking, if someone jumbled the slices of the watermarked NIfTI image, recognizing the watermarked slice will be difficult. Each slice needs to be examined to extract the watermark in this scenario, which takes time. It is the downside of our proposed scheme. In subsequent research, we intend to look at this matter further. We manually chose a slice from the NIfTI image for watermark insertion on the basis of the less-medical-information-containing slice. It is a weak point in the proposed scheme. In the future, it can be improved using some techniques that identify the less informative slice from the NIfTI image. K.U.S. and A.K. carried out the conception and design. T.A. carried out the analysis and interpretation of the results. T.S. and T.A. and K.U.S. implemented the methodology and performed the computations. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. The authors have no specific funding for this study. Not applicable. NIfTI images used in this study were taken from an open database available at [[https://zenodo.org/record/3757476#XOpwCnkzZPZ](https://zenodo.org/record/3757476#XOpwCnkzZPZ)]([https://zenodo.org/record/3757476#XOpwCnkzZPZ](https://zenodo.org/record/3757476#XOpwCnkzZPZ)), accessed on 23 December 2022. The authors declare that there are no conflict of interest. The following abbreviations are used in this manuscript: \begin{tabular}{l l} ACM & Arnold Cat Map \\ ANALYZE & ANALYZE 7.5 \\ BSVD & Bidiagonal Singular Value Decomposition \\ CT & Computed Tomography \\ DCT & Discrete Cosine Transform \\ DFT & Discrete Fourier Transform \\ DICOM & Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine \\ DWT & Discrete Wavelet Transform \\ FWT & Fast Walsh Transform \\ HD & Hessenberg Decomposition \\ ISLT & Inverse Slantiet Transform \\ IWT & Integer Wavelet Transform \\ JPEG & Joint Photographic Experts Group \\ LWT & Lifting Wavelet Transform \\ MINC & Medical Imaging NetCDF \\ MRI & Magnetic Resonance Imaging \\ \end{tabular} 

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