## 2 Preliminaries: Detailed Analysis of the Literature
### Energy Prosumer in SG  
#### 2.4.1 Energy Prosumer  
In [59], the authors state that photovoltaic power plants, solar thermal power plants and trade winds are the most promising energy sources. SGs can enhance the energy consumption, management, distribution, efficiency and use of renewable sources. Some energy rules aim to make renewable energy more cost-effective; however, it is difficult to estimate the costs of adopting renewable energy sources. Energy consumption is evaluated using the LCOE and ESA cost-evaluation methods [60]. The SG system contains many components for power distribution. This consists of intelligent technology, digital networks, two-way communication, integrated management approaches and requirements and regulations. The first systematic research to use SGs based on customer comparisons was [61]. In [62], the authors report that customers are using an average of 100 MWh of solar energy with rising energy prices. By using an energy storage device, energy disturbances can be mitigated. In [63], the authors reported that using edge technology, it is proposed to convert traditional power systems into intelligent ones. Five distinct roles of the consumer in the smart grid are examined.  
Market Participation Strategy (MPS), Strategic Analysis, Competitive Advantage, Evaluation of Economic Benefits and Business Research. The consumer can contribute to the renewable energy trade [64]. In [65], the authors explain that energy companies are integrating consumer capabilities to fit consumer demand by combining information technology and lowering prices.  
Community Consumer Groups (CPGs) are comparable to energy distribution and management customers. Consumers want to regulate energy production, hours of consumption and storage capacity [66]. Publications and analyses helped us identify the consumer segments of smart grids (see Figure 3). Several specialists have explored leading competitors, innovative grid market tactics and consumer innovation. Several studies refuted the Prosumer concept [67]. One study showed that improved customer collaboration enhanced energy product offerings and reduced the risk of economic losses [68]. To replicate customer behaviors, fundamental environmental factors were used. The program generates energy alliances based on a spatial correlation structure [69]. The results indicate that partnerships reduce network storage and capacity. SG companies are curious about the blockchain and Big Data. In [70], the authors cover the SG blockchain robustness system. The proposed system uses the blockchain and smart contracts to reduce costs, speed up transactions and protect user information. A big data approach is a great way tomanage study group data. Figure 4 shows the ProSG PEC and PMC (PMC) classes. The PMC literature examines the market structure, roles, objectives, alliances, incentives, and management. PEC provides economic, technological, social, communicative, evolution and participatory issues. Most researchers have focused on Prosumer management and energy exchange strategies, partnerships, expectations and incentive programs. They highlight the need for new innovative approaches to address these challenges more efficiently (Table 2). Prosumer management consists of the following aspects:  
* Communication/negotiation: for approval and common consensus among beneficiaries;
* A normative/ethical policy: to maintain responsibility for energy share distributions;
* Assessment of prosperity: for influencers and influential actors who do not meet expectations.