# Effect of Near Ultraviolet Radiation on Varroa Destructor Using Digital Holographic Interferometry
## 5 Conclusions  
Our investigation into the effects of UVA irradiation on Varroa destructor has provided valuable insights into the responses of this parasitic mite to UVA. The observation that specimens reflect minimal UVA radiation underscores its pronounced absorption of this form of electromagnetic energy. This behavior may be attributed to the mite's unique structural and physiological characteristics. The application of increasing doses of UVA irradiation resulted in a subtle yet discernible inflammation with maximum alterations around the anal shield and genital shield. This inflammation, observed within the initial doses, suggests a rapid response of the mite to UVA exposure that could have a direct impact on the mite's integrity, with potential implications for its overall health and viability. The fact that these alterations are not easily visible to the naked eye highlights the precision of the technique. These findings contribute to the ongoing efforts to mitigate the impact of this parasitic mite on honeybee colonies, thereby supporting the health and stability of  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Specimen** & \(a\) & \(b\) & \(k\) \\ \hline
1 & 0.427304 & 26.276475 & 1.361738 \\
2 & 0.474361 & 14.949269 & 1.052715 \\
3 & 0.690298 & 58.175074 & 1.221711 \\
4 & 0.356871 & 40.920902 & 1.591442 \\
5 & 0.277327 & 12.515519 & 0.909502 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 1: Parameters of Equation (2) that provide the best fit to the experimental data.  
Figure 6: Graph of the average displacement value over time for each specimen.  
bee populations. This methodology not only enhances our understanding of the effects of UVA irradiation on Varroa destructor but also establishes a foundation for the application of DHI in studying other arthropod pests and their responses to environmental stressors. The insights gained into these effects have both theoretical and practical implications. Beyond contributing to our foundational understanding of this parasitic mite's biology, our findings open up possibilities for practical applications in control strategies. Future research could explore phototoxic reactions in Varroa specimens exposed to chemicals that trigger these reactions more rapidly, optimizing UVA irradiation doses for maximum effectiveness, assessing the sustained impact on Varroa destructor post-exposure, and expanding the investigation to a broader spectrum of environmental conditions.  
J.L.S.-A.: data curation, formal analysis, methodology, writing--original draft preparation, writing--review and editing. T.S.-A.: conceptualization. F.M.-S.: project administration, supervision. M.D.S.H.-M.: resources, validation. C.G.-M.: software. D.G.-S.: investigation. B.S.-O.: visualization. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
This research received no external funding.  
Not applicable.  
The original contributions presented in the study are included in the article, further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding author.  
Authors acknowledge the support provided by Consejo Nacional de Humanidades Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONAHCYT), Mexico.  
The authors declare no conflicts of interest.