## 2 Materials and Methods
### Methods
Subsequent research was thus focused on the evaluation of the following characteristics of the occurrences:  
* Impact on health,
* Passenger train delays, and
* Freight train delays. The unit impact of an occurrence in a particular category was determined using Relation (1). \[\text{UI}_{\text{O}}=\sum_{\text{i=I}}^{3}\text{AIH}_{\text{i}}+\sum_{\text{j= I}}^{2}\text{AITD}_{\text{j}}+\text{AML} \tag{1}\]  
where \begin{tabular}{l l} \(\text{UI}_{\text{O}}\) & Unit Impact (the unit impact of the occurrence of the relevant category; CZK/Occurrence) \\ \(\text{AIH}_{\text{i}}\) & Average Impact on Health (the average health impact of the occurrence of the relevant category on health: 1--fatalities, 2--serious injuries, 3--minor injuries; CZK/Occurrence) \\ \(\text{AITD}_{\text{j}}\) & Average Impact on Travel Delay (the average impact of an occurrence of the relevant category on traffic delay: 1--passenger transport, 2--freight transport; CZK/Occurrence) \\ \(\text{AML}\) & Average Material Loss (average material damage of an occurrence of the relevant category; \\ \(\text{CZK/Occurrence}\)) \\ \end{tabular}   
The evaluation of the listed impacts was performed in connection with the procedures specified in the Departmental Methodology of the Ministry of Transport of the Czech Republic [2]. In the case of a health impact assessment, the following Relation (2) was used for the evaluation. \[\text{AIH}_{\text{i}}=\text{AH}_{\text{i}}\times\text{UH}_{\text{i}} \tag{2}\]  
where \begin{tabular}{l l} \(\text{AIH}_{\text{i}}\) & Average Impact on Health (the average health impact of the occurrence of the relevant category on health: 1--fatalities, 2--serious injuries, 3--minor injuries; CZK/Occurrence) \\ \(\text{AIH}_{\text{i}}\) & Average Number (the average number of affected people by the occurrence of the relevant category: 1--fatalities, 2--serious injuries, 3--minor injuries; CZK/Occurrence) \\ \(\text{UIH}_{\text{i}}\) & Unit Impact on Health (the unit impact of the occurrence of the relevant category on the health of one person, 1--fatalities, 2--serious injuries, 3--minor injuries; CZK/Occurrence) \\ \end{tabular}   
The input data for the purposes of the case study elaborated for the Czech Republic was taken directly from the Departmental Methodology [2], indicating the unit cost of the occurrence according to its severity. The data is shown in Table 1 below. In the case of impacts related to passenger train delay, a calculation was carried out using Relation (3). \[\text{AITD}_{\text{1}}=\text{PTU}\times\text{ADP}\times\text{UIDP} \tag{3}\]  
where \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c} \hline \hline
**Occurrence** & **Unit Cost** \\
**\&/Person** \\ \hline Fatality & 786,457 \\ Serious injury & 190,414 \\ Minor injury & 24,581 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} Source: Departmental Methodology of the Ministry of Transport [2].  
\end{table} 
Table 1: Costs associated with occurrences. The data presented in the Departmental Methodology [2] and statistical data from the Statistical Yearbook of the Czech Railways Group [21] were used for the purposes of the case study performed for the Czech Republic. Based on these sources, the expected occupancy of one passenger train was determined at 66.55 people/train and the average value of passenger time at 10.63 \(\upcels\)/person-hour. In the case of the evaluation of the impacts associated with the delay of freight trains, the following Relation (4) was used for the calculation:  
\[\text{AITD}_{2}=\text{CTU}\times\text{ADC}\times\text{UIDC} \tag{4}\]  
where  
\begin{tabular}{l l} CTU & \begin{tabular}{l} Cargo Train Utilization (average freight weight of a freight train; Tons/Train) \\ Average Delay of Cargo Trains (the average total delay of freight trains due to an occurrence of a relevant category; Trains*Hour/Occurrence) \\ UIDC & Unit Impact of Cargo Train Delay (unit time cost of transported cargo; CZK/Hour) \\ \end{tabular}