esa-sceva/satcom-chunk-collection huggingface dataset:
###### Abstract  
The integration of optical and wireless networks increases mobility and capacity and decreases costs in access networks. Fibre optic communication can be considered optical communication that combines the methodologies of two communications, and it may be utilised in systems of wired and wireless communication. The solution for many problems is radio over fibre (RoF) because it can control many base stations (BS) that are connected to a central station (CS) with an optical fibre. The received RoF signal head for in a low quality; thus, many factors will result in some problems such as a high bit error rate (BER) and low Q-factor values, and the receiver might not be operating in a high data rate network. Wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) network can offer a solution to these problems where the transmission of different signals can be done with a single-mode fibre. BER should be reduced to assured values, and the Q-factor must be increased. The investigation of WDM-RoF with different lengths of fibre at various channel spacing will be simulated using Optisystem software, and the RoF's receiver performance is measured and analyzed depending on the acquired BER, the value of the Q-factor, and the height of the opening of the eye diagram. The degradation factors effect such as attenuation and dispersion are significantly limited with the addition of an EDFA amplifier to a Single Mode Fibre (SMF).  
Radio over Fiber; Wavelength Division Multiplexing; WDM-RoF; high bit error rate (BER); Q-factor +
Footnote †: journal: Accepted: 20 February 2019; Published: 26 February 2019
# Visible Light Communication: A System Perspective--Overview and Challenges
## 5 Discussion and Open Research Challenges
### Inter-Cell Interference Mitigation  
The small radius of a VAP cell provides higher capacity at the expense of dense deployments. Managing inter and intracell interference is a challenging task in a small and large indoor area, which is equivalent to densification of the cellular network to increase capacity. Visible light spectrum cannot penetrate objects and provides less interference out of its coverage area. However, the VAPs in the same area would cause interference leading to low signal to interference and noise ratio (SINR) and would degrade performance [97]. [PERSON] et al. have exploited dense deployment of LEDs and massive MIMO to propose a system, called DenseVLC [98]. It provides a battery-free VLC networking system by forming different beam spots to serve multiple users simultaneously. Optimisation techniques are used for allocating power among LEDs. DenseVLC prototype consists of 36 Tx and 4 Rx, developed from the commercial Off-the-shelf (COTS) devices and powered with the open source OpenVLC platform. The DenseVLC improves system throughput by 45% and the average power efficiency by 2.3 times in comparison with the existing techniques. It also significantly reduces inter-cell interference.  
Network MIMO, joint transmission and VAP rearrangement are proposed as potential solutions for interference mitigation. In network MIMO and joint transmission, the interfering VAPs can coordinate their transmissions via interference nulling or synchronisation to ensure high SINR at the receivers. Also, interference could be decreased by rearranging the VAPs, which would be similar to cellular planning. However, the systematic design and analysis for optimising the communication performance under the illumination constraints is still an open research challenge which requires further investigation.
## 2 Methodology
### Network Structure
A large weight means that the channel or location has a greater influence on feature extraction and, therefore, a greater impact on the final output, while a small weight means that the channel or location has a smaller impact on the final output. Then, the weight distribution can be added to the original input feature information through scaling. The SENet and ECA models are typical channel attention mechanisms. The ECA model uses convolution operations to replace the two fully connected layers in SENet to achieve smaller parameters and calculations and a faster speed. At the same time, the CBAM module integrates spatial attention and channel attention, enabling the two to complement each other and making it easier to achieve the effective prediction of the weight distribution. In this work, we fully discuss the effect of the position and number of the three attention mechanisms in improving the detection accuracy.
## 2 Analysis of the State of the Art
### Device Models
#### 2.3.3 Device Description Repository  
The Device Description Repository (DDR) is a concept proposed by the Device Description Working Wroup (DDWG), an organization within the W3C. The DDR is supported by a standard interface and an initial vocabulary core about devices' properties. Web content authors will use these repositories to adapt their content to these devices. This way, the Web content interaction with different devices will be easier. Screen size, input mechanisms, supported colour sets, known limitations, special features, _etc._ are stored in these repositories.  
Here we present three of the most popular DDR systems:
## 3 Results and Discussion
### Soil Permeability  
The results of the permeability testing demonstrated low permeability level achieved for all tested samples of the dredged soil masses. Figure 3 shows the permeability of soil stabilized with different combinations of binders (cement and slag). The best effect was obtained at 70% added slag admixture in the total amount of binder. Table 2 shows measured permeability for various tested soil specimens. The maximal achieved permeability for sample 1_5 is 1.5 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-9}\) after 122.22 h of treatment; for the specimen 3_5--1.0 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-9}\);for the specimen 4_1--\(1.2\times 10^{-9}\); for the specimen 5_4--\(4.8\times 10^{-9}\); for the specimen 6_5--\(3.0\times 10^{-9}\), and for the specimen 8_5--\(1.5\times 10^{-9}\).  
Figure 4 shows the dynamics of the permeability of soil over time in hours. The specimens used in the experiment are indicated by their IDs. Here, the lines show the dynamics and the overall trend in permeability level with respect to the time of treatment of soil samples during stabilization/solidification procedure. The original values of the permeability plotted on the graph show their variations with a general slight decrease in trend which proves the effective selected technique of soil treatment for the increase in strength.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Sample 1\_5**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Sample 3\_5**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Sample 4\_1**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Sample 5\_4**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Sample 6\_5**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Sample 8\_5**} \\ \hline \(\mathbf{t}\) & \(\mathbf{P}\) & \(\mathbf{t}\) & \(\mathbf{P}\) & \(\mathbf{t}\) & \(\mathbf{P}\) & \(\mathbf{t}\) & \(\mathbf{P}\) & \(\mathbf{t}\) & \(\mathbf{P}\) & \(\mathbf{t}\) & \(\mathbf{P}\) \\ \hline
41.90 & \(1.7\times 10^{-9}\) & 41.94 & \(1.1\times 10^{-9}\) & 41.91 & \(1.2\times 10^{-9}\) & 65.91 & \(6.2\times 10^{-10}\) & 41.96 & \(2.3\times 10^{-9}\) & 17.98 & \(1.2\times 10^{-9}\) \\
49.96 & \(1.8\times 10^{-9}\) & 49.99 & \(1.2\times 10^{-9}\) & 49.97 & \(1.1\times 10^{-9}\) & 74.05 & \(6.1\times 10^{-10}\) & 46.29 & \(2.3\times 10^{-9}\) & 26.02 & \(1.2\times 10^{-9}\) \\
65.88 & \(1.9\times 10^{-9}\) & 65.93 & \(1.4\times 10^{-9}\) & 65.89 & \(1.5\times 10^{-9}\) & 91.27 & \(5.0\times 10^{-10}\) & 50.00 & \(2.3\times 10^{-9}\) & 41.96 & \(1.7\times 10^{-9}\) \\
74.02 & \(1.8\times 10^{-9}\) & 74.07 & \(1.4\times 10^{-9}\) & 74.03 & \(1.8\times 10^{-9}\) & 122.25 & \(4.9\times 10^{-10}\) & 65.94 & \(2.5\times 10^{-9}\) & 50.11 & \(1.9\times 10^{-9}\) \\
91.23 & \(1.5\times 10^{-9}\) & 91.29 & \(1.2\times 10^{-9}\) & 91.24 & \(1.6\times 10^{-9}\) & – & – & 74.09 & \(2.9\times 10^{-9}\) & 67.32 & \(1.7\times 10^{-9}\) \\ – & – & – & – & – & – & – & – & 91.31 & \(3.0\times 10^{-9}\) & – & – \\ \hline
122.22 & \(\mathbf{1.5\times 10^{-9}}\) & 122.26 & \(\mathbf{1.0\times 10^{-9}}\) & 122.23 & \(\mathbf{1.2\times 10^{-9}}\) & 144.98 & \(\mathbf{4.8\times 10^{-10}}\) & 122.27 & \(\mathbf{3.0\times 10^{-9}}\) &
# Synthesis of Novel Chalcones as Acetylcholinesteraseerase Inhibitors
## 3 Results and Discussion
### Synthesis
#### 3.1.1 (E)-3-(phenyl)-1-(4-((2-hydroxybenzyl)amino)phenyl)prop-2-ene-1-one (A1)  
Yellow crystals, very soluble in acetone, methanol and ethanol, poorly soluble in water, mp: 183-184 \({}^{\circ}\)C; EIMS (\(m/z\)): 328.1359 [M \(-\) H]\({}^{-}\) (MW: 329.14); UV (\(\lambda_{\rm max}\) nm, EtOH): 275, 338, 390; \({}^{1}\)H-NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-\(d_{6}\)) 8 ppm: 4.3 (d, 1H, \(J\) = 9 Hz, CH\({}_{2}\)), 6.66 (d, 2H, \(J\) = 9 Hz, H3', H5'), 6.74 (t, 1H, \(J\) = 7.5 Hz, NH), 6.84 (dd, 1H, \(J\) = 1 Hz, 8 Hz, H3\"), 7.08 (m, 2H, H4\", 5\"), 7.16 (dd, 1H, \(J\) = 1.5 Hz, 7.5 Hz, H6\"), 7.40-7.43 (m, 3H, H2, H4, H6); 7.6 (d, \(J\) = 15.5 Hz, 1H, H\({}_{\alpha}\)), 7.80 (dd, 2H, \(J\) = 1.5 Hz, 7.5 Hz, H3 and H5); 7.85 (d, \(J\) = 15.5 Hz, 1H, H\({}_{\beta}\)), 7.94 (d, 2H, \(J\) = 8.5 Hz, H2', H6'), 9.61 (s, 1H, OH); \({}^{13}\)C-NMR (125 MHz, DMSO-\(d_{6}\)) 8 ppm: 56.0 (CH\({}_{2}\)), 114.9 (C3\"), 118.86 (C6\"), 124.4 (C5\"), 124.7 (C\({}_{\alpha}\)), 125.3 (C1\"), 125.3 (C1\"), 127.8 (C1), 128.2 (C4'), 128.4 (C4), 128.8 (C2, C6), 129.9 (C3, C5), 130.9 (C2', C6'), 141.3 (C1'), 151.5 (C\({}_{\beta}\)), 153.1 (C4), 155 (C2\"), 185.9 (C=O).
## 1 Introduction
### Advanced Passive Remote Nodes
It is worth mentioning that (1) for the proposed advanced remote node, a large ONU count leads to a relatively large power loss, as illustrated in Table 1. As such, in practically implementing the proposed networks, depending on the actual network deployment/designs including ONU count, fiber length, etc., the minimum network power budget requirements can be estimated. When a relatively large power budget is achievable, the proposed network can support a relatively large number of ONUs. Additionally, (2) for the proposed networks, the adopted flexible optical transceivers [24] allow each ONU to dynamically and adaptively change its inter-ONU and upstream transmission signal bit rate according to its transmission link quality (power losses, signal distortion, etc.). This allows the PONs to accommodate ONUs with largely differentiated link lengths/losses. In addition, the ONU power equalization techniques [27] would also be employed to reduce the ONU link power loss differences. Experimental Demonstrations of Concurrent Direct Inter-ONU and Upstream Communications in IMDD PONs  
In this section, a representative 27 km, 62.47 Gbit/s upstream IMDD PON capable of supporting the direct inter-ONU communications is constructed using the cascaded IFFT/FFT-based P2 MP flexible transceivers [24] and off-the-shelf optical components. Spectral attention is given to the explorations of the upstream and direct inter-ONU transmission performances, the channel interference effects between different ONUs, and dynamical channel allocations.
In conclusion, scholars have extensively investigated various aspects of dynamic and static sealing, including friction, wear, and other characteristics of combined sealing structures applied in different scenarios. However, the performance of sealing rings may be compromised under extreme conditions of high and low temperatures, leading to potential issues such as high-temperature aging and low-temperature brittle fracture. Therefore,it is essential to conduct research on the dynamic sealing performance of combined sealing structures under extreme working conditions. In this study, a finite element model of the axial propulsion combined seal structure is established to address the practical application scenario of axial propulsion compression seal rings. Uniaxial compression tests are conducted to obtain the compressive stress-strain curves of EPDM at high, low, and normal temperatures. The material parameters of the EPDM constitutive model are accurately determined through fitting. Using the static structure analysis module of Ansys 2021 R1 software, the sealing performance of the combined sealing structure is analyzed in three operating states, and the differences in sealing performance under extreme working conditions are compared. Additionally, the influence of gasket fillet, gasket thickness, gasket surface friction coefficient, and working pressure on the sealing performance of the combined sealing structure are analyzed. These analyses provide valuable insights and serve as a basis for the structural design of dynamic seals for combined sealing structures.
## 4 Experiment and Results
### Dataset  
The IEMOCAP (Interactive Emotional Dyadic Motion Capture) dataset, a comprehensive resource for evaluating emotion recognition models, serves as the primary dataset for our experiments. The IEMOCAP dataset comprises 16 kHz samples in various formats, including audio, transcriptions, video, and motion-capture recordings. It spans five sessions, totaling 12 h, and involves 10 actors. Each session includes acted scenes where actors engage in improvisations of affective situations or adhere to a script to exhibit specific emotions. The dataset provides both discrete emotion labels (e.g., angry, happy, sad, neutral) and dimensional labels (valence, arousal, dominance). This dual-labeling system makes it an ideal choice for evaluating models that integrate both discrete and dimensional emotion representations.  
The dataset is partitioned into dialogs and utterances. Dialogs consist of acted scenes with scripted or improvised interactions to display specific emotions, while utterances are shorter segments extracted from these dialogs. For this study, we focus on the utterances, totaling 10,039, as they provide a more granular insight into individual emotional expressions.  
Each utterance receives three types of annotations: categorical evaluations by at least three annotators, dimensional annotations on the axes of valence, arousal, and dominance by at least two annotators, and motion capture annotations. However, this study concentrates on audio signals, thus excluding video and motion capture data.
## Data, Methodology and Results
### Methodology
#### 2.2.1 Correction Positioning
As \(b\) and \(l\) are obtained on the ellipsoid, the converted spatial coordinates are not on ocean tidal surface, the following corrections need to be continued. 3. Calculation of the angle of incidence, emergence and geocentric [15]. The geocentric angles \(\gamma_{\text{T}}\) and \(\gamma_{\text{R}}\) are respectively calculated according to \(\overset{\rightarrow}{R}\), \(\overset{\rightarrow}{S}\) and \(\overset{\rightarrow}{T}\). The angle of incidence \(\alpha_{\text{T}}\) and the angle of emergence \(\alpha_{\text{R}}\) are respectively calculated according to \(\overset{\rightarrow}{SR}\), \(\overset{\rightarrow}{SM}\) and \(\overset{\rightarrow}{ST}\). 4. Weighted iteration. \(\alpha_{\text{T}}\) and \(\alpha_{\text{R}}\) are usually not equal, then the following weighting and re-estimation need to be performed [PERSON] et al., [15]:  
\[\alpha_{\text{T}}^{\prime}=\alpha_{\text{R}}^{\prime}=(H_{\text{T}}\alpha_{ \text{T}}\,+\,H_{\text{R}}\alpha_{\text{R}})/(H_{\text{T}}\,+\,H_{\text{R}}) \tag{4}\]  
According to the triangle OSR and OST, \(\gamma_{\text{T}}\) and \(\gamma_{\text{R}}\) are recalculated and recorded as \(\gamma_{\text{T}}^{\prime}\) and \(\gamma_{\text{R}}^{\prime}\), respectively. The mean of \(\gamma_{\text{T}}\) is taken as \((\gamma_{\text{T}}+\gamma_{\text{R}}+\gamma_{\text{T}}^{\prime}-\gamma_{\text {R}}^{\prime})/2\), according to which, \(\overset{\rightarrow}{M}\), \(\overset{\rightarrow}{S}\), \(\alpha_{\text{R}}\) and \(\alpha_{\text{T}}\) are recalculated. \(H_{\text{T}}\) and \(H_{\text{G}}\) of \(S\) is introduced in Equation (3) to correct in each iteration of the above processes until \(\alpha_{\text{T}}-\alpha_{\text{R}}<10^{-8}\) rad. The elevation correction is completed, and the specular reflection point is positioned on the ocean tidal surface. In the ocean tidal correction positioning, the combined geoid model with EGM2008 model joined with high-accuracy and high-resolution regional gravity anomaly and bathymetric data is expected to control the positioning error better.
## 3 Simulation Testing Platform  
The TCAPLL architecture is implemented mainly in Matlab and partially in the C language. The overall testing platform is shown in Figure 6. The Spirent GSS8000 simulator [21, 22] is used to generate the GPS L1 signal and the scenario for the trajectory. The latter is obtained by driving a car mounted with a GPS receiver in Braunschweiger, Germany, and then the obtained raw GPS data are used in the Spirent simulator to create the trajectory. The simulator also provides a reference PVAT solution that is used first to synchronize the GPS receiver and the INS, and second to derive true acceleration and angular velocity measurements through an inverse mechanization. The true IMU measurements are corrupted later by different types of stochastic errors as described in Section 3.1 to obtain corrupted IMU raw measurements. By following this process, different types of sensors, in particular MEMS inertial sensors can be simulated. The characteristics of the errors used in the simulations are shown in Table 1 and represents typical error characteristics of COTS low quality MEMS inertial sensor [23, 24, 25].  
For the GPS receiver, the [PERSON] software defined radio is used [26], with major modifications on the tracking loops, which have been changed from sequential channel tracking to parallel channel tracking, with the inclusion of the assistance for the PLL and DLL-assisted PLL. The number of channels is kept at eight, and the PLL and DLL discriminators used are the normalized Arc-Tangent and the Non-Coherent-Early-Minus-Late-Power. 2 nd order PLL and DLL filters are implemented with bandwidths varying between 4 and 14 Hz for the PLL, and 1 and 2 Hz for the DLL. The early-late chip spacing is 1 chip, and two integration times are tested: 1 and 5 ms. The mechanization equations and the EKF were implemented in Matlab, where the INS frequency was set to 200 Hz and the GPS update rate to 1 Hz.
# Toward a Detailed Evaluation of Wireless Industrial Data Distribution Approaches +
###### Abstract  
Data distribution is a cornerstone of efficient automation for intelligent machines in Industry 4.0. Although in the recent literature there have been several comparisons of relevant methods, we identify that most of those comparisons are either theoretical or based on abstract simulation tools, unable to uncover the specific, detailed impacts of the methods to the underlying networking infrastructure. In this respect, as a first contribution of this paper, we develop more detailed and fine-tuned solutions for robust data distribution in smart factories on stationary and mobile scenarios of wireless industrial networking. Using the technological enablers of WirelessHART, RPL and the methodological enabler of proxy selection as building blocks, we compose the protocol stacks of four different methods (both centralized and decentralized) for data distribution in wireless industrial networks over the IEEE 802.15.4 physical layer. We implement the presented methods in the highly detailed OMNeT++ simulation environment and we evaluate their performance via an extensive simulation analysis. Interestingly enough, we demonstrate that the careful selection of a limited set of proxies for data caching in the network can lead to an increased data delivery success rate and low data access latency. Next, we describe two test cases demonstrated in an industrial smart factory environment. First, we show the collaboration between robotic elements and wireless data services. Second, we show the integration with an industrial fog node which controls the shop-floor devices. We report selected results in much larger scales, obtained via simulations.  
data distribution; OMNeT++; Industry 4.0; WirelessHART; RPL +
Footnote †: This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ([[https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)]([https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/))).
# Parallel Accelerated Fifth-Order WENO Scheme-Based Pipeline Transient Flow Solution Model
## 6 Discussion  
This study indicates that the high-precision scheme can well simulate the propagation process of the pressure wave in the one-dimensional pipeline system. Compared to the MOC and the second-order Godunov scheme, the fifth-order WENO scheme yields lower numerical dissipation and no spurious oscillations. GPU acceleration technology is introduced, and the acceleration effect is reached more than ten times. These results can be applied to the regulation and control of long-distance water conveyance systems. This study does not consider the effect of adding gas into the pipeline system. This issue will be further studied in the future.
## 5 Performance Evaluation
### Simulation Settings
#### 5.1.2 SFC Request  
In this paper, it is assumed that each IoT-SR must pass through three types of VNFs before reaching the destination node [8]. The bandwidth requirement (\(R_{i}^{bw}\)) for each IoT-SR is randomly set within the range of [10; 120] Mbps. The maximize tolerated delay (\(R_{i}^{delay}\)) is set within the range of [50; 100] ms.
## 5 Discussion
### Integration with Other CTI Repositories  
Our approach uses the AAFRT threat intelligence repository to search, collect, and analyze CTI reports. As discussed, the repository is based on the widely used open-source MISP platform. However, our approach is not limited to it. Its open, transparent, dynamic, and adaptive structure allows the cybersecurity stakeholders to expand it and integrate it with other repositories to implement further analysis techniques, including machine learning clustering techniques. For example, the CAVeCTIR could also communicate with the CTI repository of another platform, regardless of its backend system (e.g., MISP platform), to execute all the required operations (e.g., search, collection, and analysis of the recorded CTI reports) to help the cybersecurity stakeholders find related threat incidents quickly while following an automatic process. Another characteristic of our proposed approach is that it can communicate and take benefit of other widely used and established knowledge bases and repositories, such as MITRE ATT&CK (publicly accessible knowledge base of adversary tactics, techniques, and procedures based on real-world malicious incidents and observations) and CAPEC (publicly available catalog of common attack patterns performed by adversaries to exploit known weaknesses in applications and other cyber-enabled capabilities). Toward this direction, the cybersecurity stakeholders could apply diverse formats, protocols, and processes to ensure a high degree of consistency and communication scalability of the shared CTI information (e.g., STIX, TAXII).