## 3 Results and Discussion
### Antagonistic Properties  
In the first method, inhibition by direct contact and/or by secretion of metabolites, both _Trichoderma_ species showed an inhibition of the mycelial growth of all the tested pathogens. Table 3 shows the PIRG observed on the first, third, and seventh day of the test. In some cases, the inhibition is observed from the first day and, as matter of fact, it appears that the growth rate of the pathogen could influence the efficiency of _Trichoderma_ in inhibiting the growth of the pathogen. This observation is supported by [PERSON] et al. [22] who demonstrated that the production and the class of metabolites produced by _Trichoderma_ are influenced by the presence and type of host pathogen. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline  & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**EtOAc Extract of**} \\ \multirow{2}{*}{**Strains**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{_T. asperellum_} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{_T. atroviride_} \\ \cline{2-5}  & **MIC** & **MFC** & **MIC** & **MFC** \\ \hline _Neofusicoccum batangarum_ & 0.39 & 0.78 & 3.13 & 3.13 \\ _Neofusicoccum paruum_ & 0.78 & 0.78 & 3.13 & 6.25 \\ _Colletotrichum acattatum_ & 0.39 & 1.56 & 1.56 & 3.13 \\ _Colletotrichum gloosperioides_ & 0.39 & 1.56 & 1.56 & 3.13 \\ _Plytophthora paroxispora_ & 0.39 & 0.78 & 1.56 & 3.13 \\ _Plytophthora nicototiana_ & 0.19 & 0.78 & 1.56 & 3.13 \\ _Penicillium digitatum_ & 0.09 & 0.39 & 0.19 & 0.39 \\ _Penicillium commune_ & 0.09 & 0.39 & 0.19 & 0.39 \\ _Penicillium expansum_ & 0.09 & 0.39 & 0.19 & 0.78 \\ _Penicillium roqueforti_ & 0.09 & 0.39 & 0.19 & 0.39 \\ _Penicillium camemberti_ & 0.19 & 0.78 & 0.39 & 0.78 \\ _Penicillium brecicopactum_ & 0.09 & 0.39 & 0.19 & 0.78 \\ _Penicillium verrucosum_ & 0.39 & 0.78 & 1.56 & 1.56 \\ _Aspergillus parasiticus_ & 0.39 & 0.78 & 3.13 & 6.25 \\ _Aspergillus flavus_ & 0.39 & 0.78 & 3,13 & 6.25 \\ _Aspergillus niger_ & 0.39 & 0.78 & 1.56 & 3.13 \\ _Aspergillus steynii_ & 0.09 & 0.19 & 0.78 & 1.56 \\ _Aspergillus carbonarius_ & 0.39 & 0.78 & 1.56 & 3.13 \\ _Aspergillus lacticofeatus_ & 0.39 & 0.78 & 3.13 & 3.13 \\ _Fusarium proliferation_ & 0.39 & 0.78 & 0.78 & 0.78 \\ _Fusarium verticillioides_ & 0.78 & 0.78 & 1.56 \\ _Fusarium sporotrichoides_ & 0.19 & 0.78 & 0.19 & 0.78 \\ _Fusarium langesthiae_ & 0.39 & 1.56 & 0.78 & 1.56 \\ _Fusarium poe_ & 0.39 & 0.78 & 0.78 & 0.78 \\ _Fusarium gaminearum_ & 0.39 & 0.78 & 0.78 & 1.56 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC). Values of the EtOAc extracts of _Trichoderma asperellum_ IMI393899 and _T. atroviride_ TS on tested fungus and oomycete pathogens. In the case of _Penicillium_ strains with a slower growth rate, the inhibition is observed only on the third day when _Trichoderma_ has filled half of the plate and is close to the pathogen. On the seventh day, the highest PIRG was observed when _Trichoderma_ came into direct contact with the pathogen. In particular, both _Trichoderma_ strains showed PIRG values higher than 40% and the maximum values of PIRG were obtained for _Ph. nicotianae_ with 76% and 81% for _T. asperellum_ and _T. atroviride_, respectively. Only _P. expansum_ showed less than 20% radial growth inhibition. In Figure 3, a 7-day test of _F. graminearum_, _P. commune_, and _A. parasiticus_ grown with _T. atroviride_ and _T. asperellum_ clearly demonstrates the inhibition of the growth in comparison with the control (only the pathogen). Control cultures of the tested pathogens showed a faster growth with respect to dual culture. The dual culture plates showed rapid initial growth of the fungus that stopped at the point of contact with the antagonist. In some cases, the biological antagonist was not only able to inhibit the mycelium growth of the pathogen but also it grew on it, causing degradation of the mycelium (Table 3), as in the case of _P. commune_ (Figure 3 Ba).