###### Abstract  
The relationship and the interplay between the EU AI Act and the data protection law is a challenging issue. This paper focuses on exploring the interplay between legal provisions stemming from the AI Act and those stemming from the GDPR, with the ultimate goal of developing an integrated framework that simultaneously implements Fundamental Rights Impact Assessment (FRIA) and Data Protection Impact Assessment (DPIA) within the context of Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems, particularly focusing on systems that utilize personal data. This approach is designed to simplify the evaluation processes for stakeholders managing risks related to personal data protection, as well as to other fundamental rights in AI systems, enhancing both efficiency and accuracy in these assessments as well as facilitating compliance with the relevant legal provisions. The methodology adopted involves developing a holistic model that can be applied not only to specific case studies but more broadly across various sectors. Artificial Intelligence Act; Data Protection Impact Assessment; Fundamental Rights Impact Assessment; GDPR; automated decision-making; human  
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with little or no human intervention [8]; such algorithms may be AI-based, and in such cases, the challenges regarding the possible effects on human rights become more difficult to address. Despite efforts to design fair AI systems, they can unintentionally worsen biases found in their training data or the societal structures they operate within. While essential computer science principles like abstraction and modular design are vital in creating ML systems, they often fall short in addressing the intricacies of real-world contexts [9]. More precisely, ML models rely on data that can introduce biases and discrimination affecting areas such as job recruitment, loan approvals, and eligibility for social welfare benefits. Another significant burden is the complex nature of ML algorithms, especially of the deep learning models, which may not allow for a full understanding of how exactly they operate and why they come to specific conclusions--thus leading to a lack of transparency. Apart from the aforementioned aspects, incorporating AI into services and critical infrastructure introduces risks related to reliability and safety. Errors and malicious attacks on AI systems can have serious consequences in interconnected systems such as transportation, healthcare, and finance [10]. Tackling these challenges requires an approach that includes not only technological advancements in AI and ML algorithms, but also thoughtful consideration of ethical, legal, and societal implications. Consequently, there is an increasing demand for oversight and regulation to ensure the deployment of these algorithms. In the European Union, the Artificial Intelligence Act (AI Act), approved by the European Parliament on 13 March 2024, published in the Official Journal of the European Union on 12 July 2024 [11] and came into force on 1 August 2024, is an initiative aimed at overseeing the development and usage of AI across its member nations. By establishing criteria and procedures for assessing AI systems, the European Union (EU) undertakes a leading role in the ethical governance of AI [12]. However, the effectiveness of these efforts will depend on their application and ability to strike a balance between fostering innovation and upholding rights. One key aspect of the AI Act is the Fundamental Rights Impact Assessment (FRIA), which plays a crucial role in protecting individual's fundamental rights from being violated by high-risk AI systems. The main goal is to safeguard individuals from risks associated with AI, while promoting innovation and competitiveness in the AI industry. This process assesses the risk of AI systems on human rights such as privacy, non-discrimination, and freedom of speech.