# Enhancing Sustainable IoT Systems Through a Goal-Oriented Requirements Analysis Framework
## 3 Background
The subsequent focus will be on optimizing the system's power consumption. The authors in [33] comprehensively overviewed the contemporary software engineering approach to systematically developing IoT systems and applications. The author defined the essential principles and conceptual foundations that underpin the design and creation of IoT systems and applications. Furthermore, their paper outlined a software engineering methodology around these foundational concepts, emphasizing the importance of harnessing agent-oriented software engineering and software engineering techniques tailored for self-adaptive and self-organizing systems. The continuous expansion of the IoT has created unprecedented opportunities for technological advancement and interconnectivity. However, ensuring the sustainability of IoT systems remains a critical challenge due to their inherent complexity, resource constraints, and dynamic operational environments. This section has provided a comprehensive review of research contributions that highlight the role of GORE as a fundamental approach to improving the efficiency, adaptability, and sustainability of IoT software systems. The reviewed studies underscore the importance of structured methodologies in addressing key sustainability concerns in the development of IoT. Research has demonstrated the benefits of integrating goal-driven principles into system design, monitoring, and compliance [24], as well as the need for uncertainty management in dynamically adaptive IoT environments [25]. Furthermore, formal approaches to requirements specification and automated verification [26] provide a foundation for developing reliable and resource-efficient IoT applications. The transition to CPPSs [27] further illustrates the need for sustainable and traceable requirements engineering frameworks, ensuring long-term viability in industrial settings. In addition, advances in domain-specific modeling languages for IoT [29], systematic architectural analyses [30], and the application of unified frameworks in IIoT [31] emphasize the role of structured methodologies in achieving energy efficiency, computational optimization, and environmental responsibility. The contributions in smart home systems [32] and agent-based approaches to self-adaptive IoT applications [33] further reinforce the need for sustainability-oriented design paradigms. In the context of engineering heterogeneous IoT systems, interoperability, policy enforcement, and standard-compliant specification mechanisms are essential prerequisites. Recent studies have emphasized the need for system-understandable models to abstract device capabilities, constraints, and interactions in a uniform manner. For example, [PERSON] et al. [14] highlighted the complexity of policy enforcement in dynamic IoT environments and proposed architectural patterns to ensure compliance across heterogeneous platforms. Similarly, [PERSON] et al. [34] advocated for a semantic abstraction layer that enables interoperability by formally describing interactions between devices within smart spaces. These perspectives align with the foundational assumptions of the GORA methodology, which is based on formal goal models and model transformations to ensure consistency and adaptability between system components. Moreover, adherence to emerging IoT standards, such as the Web of Things (WoT) and oneM2M, further enhances interoperability and reusability. These standards provide standardized vocabularies, communication interfaces, and semantic descriptors that can be leveraged to bridge the gap between high-level requirements and device-level capabilities. By embedding sustainability goals into a model-driven pipeline that is compatible with such standards, GORA supports scalable integration and policy-compliant behavior in multi-device ecosystems. This synthesis of existing research highlights the imperative for a robust, goal-oriented RE framework that prioritizes sustainability in the development of IoT systems.