# Steering the Clinical Translation of Delivery Systems for Drugs and Health Products
## 3 Poster Presentations
### Cell internalization Kinetics of Biodegradable Nanoparticles Decorated with Hyaluronic Acid
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**Sample** & **Tg/\({}^{\circ}\)C** & **Tm/\({}^{\circ}\)C** \\ \hline PLGA & 47.6 \(\pm\) 0.7 & - \\ F68 + F127 & 48.3 \(\pm\) 0.4 & 54.1 \(\pm\) 0.4 \\ HA2 & - & 51.9 \(\pm\) 0.9 \\ HA8 & - & 52.0 \(\pm\) 0.7 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: DSC data. Figure 16: Uptake kinetics of HA2 and HA8 NPs. Figure 15: TEM images of HA2 and HA8 NPs. Astaxanthin Loaded Stealth Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (S-SLN) Interact with Biomembrane Models: Calorimetric Evidence  
[PERSON] *, [PERSON], [PERSON] and [PERSON]  
Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy  
* Correspondence: [EMAIL_ADDRESS]  
Lipid nanoparticles have revolutionized the release of drugs. Their systemic use is limited by the presence of the Mononuclear Phagocytic System and the Reticuloendothelial System; therefore, to increase the bioavailability of nanoparticles it is necessary to modify their surface with polyethylene glycol (PEG) to realize \"stealth\" systems (S-SLN) [54; 55]. The polymer fits into the surface of the nanoparticle giving it an umbrella structure. This steric encumbrance causes a delay of attack by macrophages, therefore, this strategy increases intracellular bioavailability of the drug and leads to better therapeutic efficacy. The aim of this research is to find an efficient formulation strategy for obtaining stable and homogeneous S-SLNs loaded with astaxanthin (AST), a natural powerful antioxidant, for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease through parenteral administration and to study the interaction between biomembrane models and S-SLN to get information on the mechanism by which the systems interact with biological membranes. SLN were prepared using a slightly modified solvent-diffusion technique. Stearic acid and DSPE-PEG2000 were solubilized in ethanol (70 \({}^{\circ}\)C) and the mixture was stirred to obtain a dispersion. This lipid phase was added to the hot aqueous phase (hydroxypropyl-methyl cellulose, soy lecithin, Poloxamer 188), afterwards the mixture was emulsified at 13500 rpm, 70 \({}^{\circ}\)C for 8 min, subjected to ultrasonication for 10 min and then let cooling at 4 \({}^{\circ}\)C. The loaded SLN were prepared with the addition of AST (1 mmol). The average particle size and the polydispersity index of the SLN were measured. MLV, used as biomembrane model, were prepared using the thin-layer evaporation method [56]. Dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine was dissolved in an organic solvent mixture. The solvents were evaporated, and the samples were lyophilized. The resulting phospholipid films were hydrated using Tris solution. The samples were mixed 1 min and kept a 37 \({}^{\circ}\)C 1 min, for three times and, finally, were kept at 37 \({}^{\circ}\)C for 1 h. Differential scanning calorimetry was used to study the thermotropic behavior of S-SLN and to evaluate, by kinetic experiments, the interaction occurring between S-SLN and MLV at increasing contact time. Analyses were carried out in the range 5-85 \({}^{\circ}\)C.  
Experimental data indicated that nanoparticles had a mean size of about 125 nm and a polydispersity index of 0.244. DSC analysis on SLN indicates a stabilization of the SLN structure in the presence of PEG and a synergistic effect of AST and PEG on SLN. Kinetic experiments on MLV and S-SLN kept in contact at increasing incubation time, showed a gradual variation of the calorimetric curves of S-SLN and MLV indicating that S-SLN entry into the MLV and lose their integrity with the release of AST inside the MLV. Our results suggest that these S-SLN could be regarded as a promising drug delivery system to improve AST bioavailability and antioxidant activity. Design of Alginate Based Microapsules for delivering of Probiotic Bacteria as Functional Supplements in Fruit Juice  
[PERSON] 1,*, [PERSON] 1, [PERSON] 2, [PERSON] 3, [PERSON] 3, [PERSON] 1, [PERSON] 2, [PERSON] 2, [PERSON] 1 and [PERSON] 1  
1 Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy.