###### Abstract
This phenomenon of jumping electron conduction is the tunneling effect [20; 21; 22]. When the GO/CC specimen generates compressive strain, the distance of GO dispersed in the cement matrix is shortened, and more GO can generate a tunneling effect, which increases the electrical conductivity and increases the rate of change in GO/CC resistance. Therefore, GO can enhance the pressure-sensitive performance of GO/CCs [23]. Increasingly, GO is seen as promising for the development of cementitious materials for monitoring purposes [24; 25]. There are, however, many mechanisms of GO/CCs that have not yet been explained. In general, it is believed that the conductive mechanism of GO is electronic, and the presence of ions in cement micropores is also conductive. The two mechanisms operate simultaneously [22]. As cement-based sensors operate in a natural environment, changes in ambient temperature and humidity affect the water content and temperature of the cement material, which has an impact on its electrical conductivity. Therefore, changes in water content can interfere with the sensing signal, which can have an impact on the application of the sensor. Water plays a significant role in the electrical conductivity and polarization effect of CCs [23; 24]. In the case of pure cement specimens, the ionic conductivity of water causes polarization when measuring material resistance with a DC power supply. To eliminate the influence of the polarization effect caused by moisture, most researchers choose to dry specimens as much as possible before experiments. However, the dry state is not the final use state of cement. When cement is hydrated, tiny voids form and pore water exists in the pores. The conductivity mechanism and polarization of GO/CCs are not fully understood. [PERSON] et al. consider that polarization effects are not expected in dry samples. Polarization effects only occur if the specimen contains water [25]. [PERSON] et al. mentioned that few studies have focused on the conductive properties of GO/CCs, and it is necessary to further investigate the mechanism of their electrical conductivity properties [26]. In addition, [PERSON] et al. suggest that, from another perspective, polarization phenomena can be used as information to characterize the properties of cement composites. Polarization-based sensing (sensing based on the change in polarization due to a stimulus) is distinguished from widely studied resistance-based sensing (sensing based on the change in resistance due to a stimulus) [22]. For these reasons, it is necessary to investigate the electrical conductivity, DC polarization effect, and the mechanism of electrical conductivity of GO/CCs, and to explore the electrical conductivity of GO/CCs under the influence of multiple environmental factors [27; 28; 29]. In addition to water content, temperature is also a significant factor affecting the electrical conductivity of CCs [22; 30]. Due to the temperature gradient between the surface and the interior of the cement, previous studies investigating the effect of temperature generally employed the method of leaving the specimen in the environment for a period of time before determining its electrical conductivity [27]. However, this method does not reflect the effect of changing ambient temperatures on the material's conductivity intuitively [31]. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of GO concentration and the water content of the specimens on the conductivity and polarization phenomena. In this study, GO/CC specimens were gradually dried six times from a fully saturated state to a dry state. The DC power supply was switched on after each drying procedure, and its resistivity was calculated by collecting the current intensity. In order to analyze the polarization effect, the change in the current curve was recorded. To determine the effect of continuously changing ambient temperature on the conductivity of the specimens energized with a 0.05% concentration, a temperature experiment was conducted.