## 3 Results  
### Demographic Characteristics  
The twenty-four participants in this study all completed the training program and attended all intervention sessions. By the end of the study, none of the participants had dropped out. The general characteristics of both groups of participants are shown in Table 1. The differences between the two groups for general characteristics were not significant. The ROM outcome showed significant differences between the time of measurement within both groups (Table 2, Figure 3). First, a statistically significant difference was observed in both groups between the pre-surgery test and the post-surgery test (\(p<0.05\)) with a decrease in knee flexion ROM after the surgery. Improvement was noticed after the application of exercises in both groups and significant differences were observed between the post-surgery test and post-intervention test (\(p<0.05\)). During the knee flexion between-groups comparison, there was no significant difference in pre-surgery and post-surgery tests (\(p>0.05\)) in the Mann-Whitney U test analysis. However, a significant difference between the groups was observed in the post-intervention test (\(p<0.001\)) with high ROM in the ART group. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**Variables** & **ART Group (\(n=12\))** & **TBT Group (\(n=12\))** \\ \hline Gender (Male/Female) & \(1/11\) & \(2/10\) \\ Age (year) & \(69.54\pm 3.12\) & \(68.39\pm 4.24\) \\ Height (cm) & \(161.32\pm 7.12\) & \(162.26\pm 2.08\) \\ Weight (kg) & \(63.67\pm 12.17\) & \(64.02\pm 11.64\) \\ Affected side (Left/Right) & \(5/7\) & \(6/6\) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} mean \(\pm\) standard deviation ART: augmented-reality-based training, TBT: therapist-based training.  
\end{table} 
Table 1: Participant demographic characteristics. Regarding the knee extension ROM, significant differences were observed in both groups between the pre-surgery test and post-surgery test, and between the post-surgery test and post-intervention test (\(p<0.05\)). However, no significant difference was observed between the groups in all three times during the Mann-Whitney U test (\(p>0.05\)). Regarding muscle strength, both knee flexion and extension showed similar results during the within-group comparison in both ART and TBT groups (Table 3, Figure 4). A significant decrease was observed after the surgery and increased after the intervention. A statistically significant difference was observed between the pre-surgery and post-surgery test and between the post-surgery and post-intervention tests (\(p<0.05\)). However, during the between-group comparison, a significant difference was only observed in knee flexion post-intervention between the ART group and TBT group (\(p<0.05\)). For pain score, both ART and TBT groups showed similar results during the within-group comparison. No significant decrease was observed after the surgery in both groups, with no significant difference between the pre-surgery and post-surgery tests (\(p>0.05\)). However, a statistically significant difference was observed between the pre-surgery and post-intervention test and between the post-surgery and post-intervention tests (\(p<0.05\)). However, during the between-group comparison, no significant difference was observed between the groups in all three measurement times during the Mann-Whitney U (\(p>0.05\)).