## 2 Study Area and Dataset  
The study area is located at the border between Junlian Town in the Qianbei-South Sichuan subregion of the Yangtze Block and Luzhou in the Sichuan Basin (Figure 1). The regional tectonic setting lies on the northern edge of the Loushan fold-thrust belt in Southern Sichuan and Northern Guizhou. The fault structures in the area are relatively well developed, predominantly consisting of strike-slip faults with orientations similar to the fold axis. The fault dip angles are generally gentler on the northern limb of the anticline and steeper on the southern limb. The lithology is predominantly composed of argillaceous stones, followed by siltstone, fine-grained sandstone, and limestone, with medium-grained sandstone being relatively rare (Table 1). Coal and carbonaceous mudstone are present in smaller proportions, while marlstone and residual breccia are locally distributed. The oldest exposed strata in the study area are the Cambrian Gaotai Formation, and the youngest are the Quaternary System. The Triassic strata are widely exposed, while Jurassic and Cretaceous strata are absent in this region. Existing drilling targets the coal seams, primarily in the Permian Longtan Formation. Due to cost considerations, drilling only penetrates the Silurian strata (Table 1). To simplify, we assume that rocks of the same type from all geological ages have similar physical properties, so we categorize them as one type for deep learning training. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Geological Timechart**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Thickness (m)**} & **Lithology** \\ \hline
**System** & **Series** & **Formation** & **Code** & \\ \hline  & Quaternary & & 0–50 & Clay, Soil strata, Alluvial deposits \\ \hline  & Neogene & Xujiahe & T3 xj & 250–680 & The upper part: sandstone and feldspathic sandstone, the lower part: mudstone, sandy mudstone, and sandstone interbedded with coal seams. \\ \hline  & Middle & Leikoupo & T2\(l\) & 303–337 & Dolomitic limestone and limestone interbedded with thin layers of sandy mudstone \\ \hline  & Lower & Jialingjiang & T1j & 456–463 & Limestone, argillaceous dolomite, Mudstone, Calcareous mudstone \\ \cline{2-5}  & Lower & Feixianguan & \(T_{1}f\) & 288 & Mudstone, Sandy mudstone, Interbedded with thin layers of limestone and calcareous mudstone, and siltstone. \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Strata thickness and lithology from different geological age in the study area. Figure 1: Location of the study area (**a**) and well distribution (**b**), with coordinates based on the Modified China Geodetic Coordinate System 2000. At the end of the Middle Permian, influenced by the Dongwu Movement, the Lianghe mining area, along with the vast region of Southern Sichuan, was uplifted as a whole, leading to a large-scale retreat of seawater. The Maokou Formation limestone was extensively exposed on the surface, undergoing prolonged weathering and erosion, which gradually leveled the terrain, forming a slightly undulating karst residual plain. From the Late Permian onward, the crust continued to slowly subside, accompanied by frequent oscillatory movements within the overall downward trend. This created favorable conditions for the deposition of the coal-bearing rock series of the Longtan Formation, marking the beginning of a prolonged coal accumulation period in the area. Based on various genetic indicators of the coal-bearing strata, the characteristics of the coal seams, coal quality, and metallogenic markers, the depositional environment can be divided into the following five sedimentary systems from bottom to top: weathered residual, lagoon, lake, river, and lagoon-tidal flat. Among these, the river sedimentary system, characterized by terrestrial deposition, is the most developed, accounting for 77% of the total thickness of the Longtan Formation.