# Human Factors and Ergonomics in Industry 5.0--A Systematic Literature Review
## 3 Results
### Human Factors and Ergonomics (HF/E--General)
\begin{table}
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**Title** & **Authors** & **Year** & **Key Findings** \\ \hline Human-technology integration in smart manufacturing and logistics: current trends and future research directions [99] & [PERSON], [PERSON], [PERSON], [PERSON], [PERSON], and [PERSON] & 2022 & Implementing lean management without considering human factors and ergonomics can negatively impact workers’ quality of work life and performance; however, soft lean practices that incorporate HF/E principles can enhance sustainability, with psychosocial and physical factors having a greater influence on lean performance than cognitive factors. Additionally, the complexity of tasks and the involvement of HF/E make it harder to substitute technology for the operator. \\ Smart Palletisation: Cognitive Ergonomics in Augmented Reality Based Palletising [82] & [PERSON], [PERSON], [PERSON], and [PERSON] & 2018 & Job rotation can improve physical factors like reducing MSDs but may negatively impact psychosocial factors such as job satisfaction and workers’ intention to stay, while job autonomy enhances flexibility, decision-making, and task method selection, contributing to greater job satisfaction and work experience. \\ Smart Palletisation: Cognitive Ergonomics in Augmented Reality Based Palletising [100] & [PERSON], [PERSON], [PERSON], [PERSON], [PERSON], and [PERSON] & 2018 & Cognitive factors such as situation awareness, human reliability (human error) and decision-making skills are positively related to operational performance. \\ An Online Framework for Cognitive Load Assessment in Industrial Tasks [101] & [PERSON], [PERSON], [PERSON], and [PERSON] & 2022 & Physical ergonomics has more influence on the enhancement of lean performance than organizational ergonomics. Cognitive ergonomics have the least influence on lean performance enhancement. \\ \hline An empirical investigation on association between human factors, ergonomics and lean manufacturing [103] & [PERSON] and [PERSON] & 2021 & Lean management primarily affects workers’ psychosocial factors, but cognitive ergonomics positively influences lean performance by enhancing workers’ situation awareness, reliability, and decision-making skills, which can be improved through targeted ergonomic interventions. \\ \hline Applications and future perspectives of integrating Lean Six Sigma and Ergonomics [104] & [PERSON], [PERSON], and [PERSON] & 2024 & The integration of Lean Six Sigma (LSS) methodology with ergonomics enables continuous improvement in organizations by achieving improvement goals without compromising employee safety and health, enhancing quality, efficiency, productivity, and addressing ergonomic issues for sustainable performance improvement. \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
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Table 7: _Cont._  
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**Title** & **Authors** & **Year** & \\  & & **Published** & **Key Findings** \\ \hline  & & & Human factors like physical fatigue, \\  & & & attention, mental workload, stress, \\  & & & trust, and emotional state significantly \\  & & & impact physiological responses, such \\  & & & as changes in heart rate, muscle \\  & & & tension, and facial expressions, and \\  & & & wearable technologies, which provides \\  & & & an integrated approach for measuring \\  & & & these human factors. \\ \hline  & & & The HCV model, developed for \\  & & & human-centric systems, provides a \\  & & & sociotechnical perspective on \\  & & & human-machine interaction, \\  & & predicting employee reactions and \\  & & & guiding organizational strategy by \\  & & & integrating human identity, technology, \\  & & & and organizational factors along with \\  & & & elements like social belonging, \\  & & & working conditions, and external \\  & & & environmental readiness.