## 1 Introduction  
The healthcare sector has seen a tremendous transformation by embracing key-enabler technologies, such as the Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI), blockchain, and next-generation wireless network (5G/6G). The adoption of these technologies in the healthcare industry has improved healthcare services and the quality of life of individuals. The integration of IoT technology in the healthcare sector strengthens the relationship between patients and healthcare providers. It enables lightweight devices (sensor node) to collect biometric data (e.g., temperature, blood pressure, oxygen rate, etc.) from the patient body and quickly transmit it to the other sensor nodes or directly relay it to healthcare providers, such as health professionals, pharmacies, and laboratories. The sensors comprise attribute and data profiles, processor, and memory. The attribute profile specifies the sensor's manufacturer, type, measurement range, date of manufacture, and location. The data profile handles the data format that the sensors are generating. Sensors use various interfaces to transmit data, such as ZigBee, IEEE 802.11, general radio packet radio service (GPRS), Bluetooth, and cellular networks. Moreover, they transform the conventional healthcare system into a smart one for optimizing operational costs,remotely monitoring patients, smart applications for patients and caregivers, employee management, and the care of critical patients. However, smart healthcare systems are hindered by the security challenges that threaten the regular operations of a medical infrastructure. An adversary can discover security vulnerabilities in the hospital infrastructure (e.g., defibrillator, patient monitor, central server, etc.) that can be exploited using a malicious payload (e.g., ransomware, trojans, etc.) to put the patient's life at risk. A recent report by Fortified Health Security stated that, at the beginning of 2022, the healthcare sector reported 337 data breaches [1]. Figure 1 shows the financial loss due to cyberattacks on the healthcare industry from 2006-2026. The data were acquired from [2; 3], and shows the average financial loss to the US organizations due to the data breaches. The report shown in [3] explains that the healthcare industry is the most affected sector according to the number of breaches that occurred in 2022. In Figure 1, the data from 2006-2022 are real-time data acquired from the [3]; further, the data are forecasted from 2022-2026 using an exponential smoothing algorithm (ESA) that takes time series or year data to predict the forecasted value. The forecasted value is our prediction value based on the previous year's value (it is acquired by the ESA algorithm ). From Figure 1 it is clear that the healthcare sector is strongly affected by the lucrative business of the attacker that cost 8.7 million in the current year. This financial loss is detrimental to the nation's economy. The attackers leverage the security vulnerabilities either from the communication protocol or from hardware/software services, and exploit the vulnerability using nefarious attacks (e.g., Denial-of-Service (DoS), Man-in-the-Middle (MiTM), software-based attacks, data integrity attacks, and hardware-based attacks) and attempt to gain access to the legitimate healthcare resources. Therefore, it has become imperative to amalgamate different technologies and integrate them into the first line of defence (e.g., firewalls, access controls) in order to detect and mitigate or prevent security threats efficiently before they jeopardize the smart healthcare system. The application of AI technology in smart healthcare systems is an effective means of addressing the increasing number of cyber-attacks proliferating in the healthcare ecosystem [4]. The AI plays a prominent role in analysing the attacker's malicious behavior, providing an endogenous security solution. Several researchers have proposed robust and concrete security solutions using AI in the smart healthcare system.