# VR Simulation and Implementation of Robotics: A Tool for Streamlining and Optimization
## 2 Literature Review
In achieving this, maintaining a continuous production schedule assumes considerable importance and is central to this efficient material handling, encompassing the strategic planning of procurement, receiving, sorting, and delivery of materials for consumption in production, all underpinned by effective control measures [8; 9]. It is evident that industrial goods, serving as inputs for other physical products, constitute  
Figure 1: Efficiency measurement and monitoring in logistics [4]. materials subject to management, known as material handling [9; 10]. Material handling encompasses all activities, tasks, and processes involved in the transfer of external materials and services into the organization [9; 11]. Optimal material handling serves as a tool to enhance organizational efficiency by importing skills in reducing defective products, shortening operating cycles, lowering handling costs, eliminating unproductive material handling, reducing idle machine capacity, and mitigating factory hazards [9; 12]. Logistics facilities are interpreted as transshipment terminals, distribution or production sites, but all of them have one shared goal, and that is global optimization [13]. Boosting productivity remains the primary challenge for companies striving to compete in the global market. Productivity in industrial enterprises relies on efficiency, which encompasses the resources needed to achieve desired outcomes including time, financial investments, and energy expended during the production process. Efficiency, in essence, reflects the ability to meet social needs and incorporates the economic contributions of staff members. It manifests across various production stages and can be measured through multiple metrics. It is essential to distinguish between efficiency, effectiveness, and productivity, as productivity evaluation integrates efficiency. Productivity, gauged by the ratio of actual output to input, directly influences both efficiency and effectiveness. For instance, equipment efficiency indicates the cost-effective operation, measured by the ratio of outputs to inputs. Every company strives to minimize costs, maximize performance, and optimize assets. For manufacturing firms, solutions enhancing production efficiency have become paramount. Overall equipment efficiency (OEE) serves as a pivotal performance indicator, enabling the measurement and comparison of individual production equipment efficiency within a company. It aids in monitoring and enhancing the production process, identifying and addressing losses, monitoring order progress, and conserving energy and human resources. OEE calculation provides a clear quantitative tool for assessing productivity, which is illustrated in Figure 2. By pinpointing areas for improvement and promoting transparency, it contributes to optimizing equipment efficiency, thereby enhancing overall operational performance [14]. Availability encompasses both planned and unplanned downtime during production. Performance factors include slowed cycles or minor interruptions in production. Quality addresses errors requiring rework. OEE integrates all these losses. A perfect OEE score of 100% signifies a production process aligned with quality standards, operating at maximum speed, and without any downtime; the comparison in percentage is shown in Figure 3. However, OEE values may vary due to efficiency fluctuations in businesses [14]. Facilities planning is a multifaceted process influenced by various factors and variables, some of which may not always align and could even contradict each other, impacting decision-making. Manufacturing facility design involves organizing a company's physical assets to optimize the efficient utilization of resources like people, materials, equipment, and energy. This encompasses plant location, building design, plant layout, and material handling systems. Decision regarding plant location strategy are typically made at the corporate level and may not always prioritize operational efficiency, often influenced by non-engineering factors.