###### Abstract
It also depends on antenna synchronization among the transmit antennas and the interference cancellation techniques used to reduce the inter-channel interference (ICI) at the receiver [22; 23]. SM-MIMO is promising to solve these issues. Unlike MIMO, SM allows only one antenna to transmit at a particular time instant while other antennas remain silent. This in turn avoids ICI and interference cancellation techniques are therefore not required at the receiver. Furthermore, there is no correlation among the transmit antennas and no synchronization among them is required. Thus, SM-MIMO offers reduced receiver complexity [12; 13; 14; 15; 16; 17; 18]. Conventional modulation techniques such as \(M\)-ary phase shift keying (\(M\)-PSK) and \(M\)-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (\(M\)-QAM) map a certain number of information bits into a symbol. In SM, the two dimensional signal plane is extended to a new dimension called spatial dimension. The spatial domain is an outcome of the idea of using the antenna numbers as an additional source of information. Therefore, information bits are mapped not only into the transmitted symbol but also into an actual physical location of the antenna. The number of data bits that can be transmitted using SM-MIMO depends upon the constellation diagram used and the number of transmit antennas. To better understand this mapping, the following example is given. Suppose that five data bits can be mapped into 16-PSK and two transmit antennas. However, if the channel condition is not compatible with 16-PSK, the same data rate can be achieved by a combination of 8-PSK and four transmit antennas. Due to the expansion of modulation to the spatial domain, higher number of data bits is transferred by the transmitted symbol while the symbol duration remains the same. As a result, improved spectrum efficiency is achieved [12]. Every communication in a cellular network took place through the base station (BS) till 4G cellular networks and no direct communication was allowed between two devices under licensed spectrum. However, direct communication between devices using licensed cellular band is expected to be allowed in 5G systems which is called device-to-device (D2D) communication technology. D2D communication allows devices to communicate with each other without or limited involvement of a BS [24; 25; 26; 27; 28; 29]. As D2D users can directly communicate among themselves using the same cellular infrastructure, it not only offloads traffic from the core network but also improves applications and services offered by the system. Additionally, higher bit rates are achieved along with reduced energy consumption. Furthermore, D2D communication enables better connectivity and signal strength for cell edge or congested area users. Nevertheless, there exists a high susceptibility of interference between the D2D and cellular communication, since D2D users share licensed cellular frequency resources with the cellular users. Therefore, efficient power control, selection of communication mode, and efficient resource allocation are important issues for interference management in cellular network with D2D communications [30; 31].