# Monitoring and Analysis of Slope Geological Hazards Based on UAV Images
## 6 Conclusions  
Using UAV inclined photogrammetry technology to obtain high-definition images of the slopes in both phases, we constructed three-dimensional realistic models, point-cloud models, and digital elevation models of the slopes, identified hazardous areas, and analyzed their stability. The following conclusions were drawn:  
1. UAV remote sensing technology is an efficient tool for identifying and monitoring geological hazards on slopes. The UAV is equipped with a multifunctional camera to capture high-definition images, and various surveying and mapping software are used to construct three-dimensional models. This approach enhances work efficiency and expands the monitoring scope compared to traditional methods of geological hazard monitoring. 2. Hazardous slope areas can be rapidly identified using the Digital Elevation Model, point-cloud model, and three-dimensional live model. By extracting the contour and point-cloud differential models of the study area and combining them with field investigation and analysis, two areas prone to geological hazards--susceptible to small debris avalanches and soil landslides--were identified. 3. Using the Digital Elevation Model to extract slope gradient and shape information, the stability of the two hazardous areas was analyzed. The maximum slope gradient in Areas 1 and 3 is approximately 87\({}^{\circ}\), with many slopes exceeding 50\({}^{\circ}\). The terrain is steep, and convex and concave slopes appear alternately, making the slope shape highly variable and prone to disasters. A stability evaluation was conducted using AHP and hazard calculation methods, and the slope's stability status was determined. The slope's stability status was determined, and it is recommended that greater attention be given to the area, with timely slope management to prevent harm to highways and people's lives and property. This method is simple and practical, providing new approaches for slope stability assessment. 4. The proposed approach has broad applicability in areas such as slope change detection, slope engineering stability assessment, geological hazard identification, and road safety operation and maintenance management. It offers significant practical value by enhancing work efficiency, reducing labor costs, and improving the safety of both people and infrastructure. Conceptualization, N.L. and J.W. ; methodology, N.L. ; software, H.Q. ; validation, N.L., H.Q. and H.Z. ; formal analysis, Y.C. ; investigation, N.L. ; writing--original draft preparation, N.L. ; writing--review and editing, H.Q. ; visualization, H.Z. ; supervision, J.W. ; project \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**i** & **1** & **2** & **3** & **4** & **5** & **6** & **7** & **8** & **9** & **10** & **11** \\ \hline C\({}_{\rm i}\) & 0.277 & 0.152 & 0.084 & 0.163 & 0.056 & 0.029 & 0.050 & 0.019 & 0.039 & 0.077 & 0.036 \\ W\({}_{\rm C_{\rm i}}\) & 0.382 & 0.382 & 0.618 & 1 & 0.618 & 0.382 & 1 & 0.618 & 0.382 & 0.618 & 1 \\ C\({}_{\rm i}\)W\({}_{\rm C_{\rm i}}\) & 0.106 & 0.058 & 0.052 & 0.163 & 0.035 & 0.011 & 0.050 & 0.012 & 0.015 & 0.048 & 0.036 \\ i & 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 5 & 6 & 7 & 8 & 9 & 10 & 11 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 6: Calculation results of slope risk assessment. administration, N.L. ; funding acquisition, J.W. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. * This research was funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China, grant number 2023 YFB260400405. This research was funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China, grant number 2021V1E0194300. The APC was funded by Shandong University. * Not applicable. * The original data pertaining to the research area discussed in this study cannot be disclosed due to contractual obligations with collaborating parties. We acknowledge the scientific contributions of all authors. We would like to express our gratitude to [PERSON] and [PERSON] for their research contributions.