## 2 Review of Influence of Sensitizers on Detonation Properties of Emulsion Explosives
### Sensitization of EE Matrix with Explosives  
The use of high-energy substances that exhibit explosive properties (e.g., TNT, pentrite, hexogen, octogen, nitrostarch, and smokeless powder) as ingredients that impart upon the EE matrix the ability to detonate from a standard No. 6 primer was first proposed by [PERSON] [48]. However, interest in incorporating such additives into EEs grew significantly during efforts to dispose of high explosives and propellants recovered from the decommissioning of munitions [48; 49; 50]. The purpose of their addition to EEs was to get rid of unnecessary explosive stockpiles and, at the same time, to obtain EEs with improved energy parameters. For example, increasing the 50/50 B composition from 30% to 50% resulted in an increase in detonation velocity from 5559 m/s to 6806 m/s [54; 55]. Also, the addition of nitrocellulose powder caused an increase in EE detonation velocity. Charges initiated with an HC-14 booster at nitrocellulose powder contents of 15, 20, and 25% had detonation velocities of 4059, 4282, and 4920 m/s, respectively [56].  
In addition to studies of the effect of de-elaborated explosives on the detonation parameters of EEs, analogous experiments were performed with several individual explosives [51; 52; 53; 54; 55]. [PERSON] et al. [56] determined the effect of octogen on the critical diameter and detonation velocity of EEs with a composition of ammonium nitrate (71.5%), sodium nitrate (10.0%), water (12.0%), and oil phase (6.5%). Increasing the octogen content from 20% to 60% resulted in a decrease in critical diameter from 52 mm to 15 mm, and an increase in detonation velocity in a 51.5 mm diameter charge, from ~5300 m/s to ~8000 m/s.  
[PERSON] et al. [59] used an EE matrix consisting of ammonium nitrate (V) (62.5%), sodium nitrate (V) (13,5%), water (15%), urea (3%), oil phase (6.5%), and custom explosive-erythritol tetranitrate (V) (ETN) for sensitization. The detonation velocities of EEs, measured in a 37 mm diameter plastic tube containing 10, 15, and 20% ETN, initiated with a booster made of Semtex, were 1900, 3490, and 4960 m/s, respectively. An EE containing 20% erythroid tetranitrate (V) was detonated from a fuse containing 0.72 g of pentrite.  
[PERSON] et al. [60] studied the effect of the addition of hexogen, with an average grain size of 90 \(\upmu\)m, on the detonation velocity, brisance, and critical thickness of EEs with a matrix composition consisting of ammonium nitrate (75.0%), sodium nitrate (10.0%), and water oil phase-70, containing GMs (25%). An increase in hexogen content, from 0% to 20%, resulted in an increase in the detonation velocity at a layer thickness of 20 mm from 3120 to 3523 m/s, an aggregate from 11.9 to 17.6 mm, and a decrease in the critical thickness from 6.0 to 3.3 mm.  
The method of the sensitization of emulsion explosives with explosive crushing and blasting is very rarely used. It uses raw materials that are sensitive to mechanical stimuli, which creates an explosive hazard, and the final product is much less resistant to impact and friction than typical EEs. This causes, among other things, a great limitation and difficulty in the mechanization of blasting work.