## 5 Conclusions  
This research offers a detailed analysis of optimizing daylighting typologies in mosque architecture in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, with a specific emphasis on the integration of electrochromic (EC) switchable glazing. Through extensive radiance simulations and analyses, it has been demonstrated that while daylighting strategies such as clecstory lighting offer an excellent daylighting quantity and quality, challenges remain in terms of uniformity. In contrast, multi-lateral lighting provides substantial uniformity but there is difficulty in controlling sunlight penetration. Skylights, although they offer high levels of illuminance, pose significant issues with glare probability, particularly during afternoon prayers. The introduction of EC switchable glazing has been shown to effectively mitigate these issues, maintaining WPI within acceptable ranges and significantly reducing DGP, thereby optimizing visual comfort. However, this comes with the caveat of reduced uniformity in daylight distribution, indicating an area for future improvement. The findings reveal that no single strategy fulfills all the performance benchmarks, underscoring the complexity of achieving optimal daylighting in such environments. It is evident that a one-size-fits-all approach is insufficient, and tailored solutions considering the specific spatial dynamics and user requirements of each prayer space are crucial. Based on the insights gleaned from the study, it is recommended that future mosque designs in Saudi Arabia and similar sun path and climatic regions consider the following:  
* Integration of EC glazing should be pursued, as it provides dynamic control over daylight penetration, adapting to the changing position of the sun and thus enhancing occupant comfort. * Clerestory lighting (S2), coupled with shade devices, should be optimized for women's prayer halls to enhance daylight quality while minimizing sun exposure. * For men's prayer halls, the clerestory lighting typology almost achieves the annual and hourly daylighting quantity and quality metrics, without intervention of active strategies such as a smart glazing system, with attention to ensuring uniformity in the central prayer area. * A hybrid approach (S7) combining different daylighting typologies may be advantageous but requires careful control strategies by integrating EC glazing to avoid high levels of illumination and to maintain sufficient UDI\({}_{300\text{-}3000\text{lux}}\), which indicates this inconsistency of combining these typologies to achieve the visual comfort. * Daylighting design strategies must account for the intricacies of each prayer zone, with particular attention to balancing illuminance levels, minimizing glare, and achieving uniformity in light distribution. Future research should investigate the integration of EC glazing with other passive design strategies, such as light shelves, to improve lighting uniformity and overall effectiveness. Additionally, studies should focus on the economic feasibility and long-term durability of EC glazing across various climatic conditions. Another valuable area of inquiry would be the impact of EC glazing on indoor thermal comfort, as well as its influence on architectural aesthetics and user perceptions within mosque interiors. Furthermore, a thorough examination of the energy performance of EC glazing, especially when combined with renewable energy systems, is essential to maximize energy efficiency and substantially reduce energy consumption in mosque buildings. Finally, as each mosque has its own set of requirements and contextual challenges, a bespoke approach to daylighting design should be adopted, guided by the principles established through this research. This study advances the discourse on sustainable architectural design in sacred spaces, contributing valuable insights that will aid in the evolution of daylighting strategies in mosque architecture.