## 1 Introduction  
Virtual prototyping enables fast product design and optimization using numerical calculation [1]. Virtual human body models play an important role in the design of human-friendly and safe personal products [2]. Addressing the wide population, customized human body models [3, 4] have a wide range of applications. Subject-specific human body models with a realistic shape are a powerful tool used in various fields including computer graphics, ergonomics, and garment and personal protective equipment (PPE) design [3]. In biomechanics, a virtual human body model with biofidelity can also serve to assess injuries caused by external impacts [5]. It can be difficult to experimentally assess optimization and design tasks taking into account wide populations (EU, U.S., ASEAN) with varying anthropometry. Hence, such a virtual approach towards injury risk assessment is useful for the development of safe products addressing autonomous driving, leisure riding, sports activities, sportswear and activewear, and many other fields. There are two main steps in generating a customized virtual human body model, namely the scaling and the personalization of a reference model. The scaling procedure implements a reference model and updates its global dimensions to describe an average representative of the population group with the given anthropometry [6; 7; 8]. Whilst scaling changes only the global dimensions (anthropometry, mass, and stiffness) based on the general anthropometric parameters [6; 7], personalization updates the local geometrical and biomechanical details of the particular human body segments [9; 10; 11] and so leads to a particular subject-specific model. In general, geometrically, the reference model is usually described by a cloud of nodes connected to elements creating the surface mesh. The personalization of such a model is usually based on mesh morphing [12], which needs to have a considerable number of corresponding landmarks defined on both the reference and the target models [13; 14]. Both approaches are based on a reference model [15], which is a necessary starting point for the development of a subject-specific model. The scaling approach is simpler as it addresses only global (averaged) anthropometric dimensions for target population groups [7]. Scaling is a convenient tool for creating generic human body models representing a population group for virtual prototyping [8] as they have the correct mass distribution and body flexibility to cover a wide spectrum of the population. However, if we want to address the designing of PPE for a particular person, a subject-specific (personalized) approach is needed as scaling does not provide the details of the particular subject even inside a particular population group. Additionally, the anthropometry of particular segments might be unrealistic for different population groups when using only scaling. Therefore, personalization brings an additional value to improve the anthropometry of the particular dimensions of the particular subject, especially for pairing the human body with clothing, PPE, and the external environment in general. The purpose of the paper is firstly to measure subject-specific anthropometric dimensions for different population groups, on the basis of which the personalization algorithm to develop a subject-specific human body model is developed as the second step. The anthropometric dimensions were inspired by the clothing industry where they are used for designing protective garments [16]. The subject-specific dimensions were compared to the average anthropometry, which was obtained by scaling the reference anthropometry [17] using the average anthropometric data for the population group [18]. Based on the measured dimensions, a personalization algorithm for creating a subject-specific human body model using only the dimensions used to design clothing patterns (body dimensions) was developed.