## 4 Results  
Table 2 shows the descriptive statistics of the sample. Companies that use BIM to carry out architectural and engineering projects have been examined. It should be noted that 68.1% of company samples are micro-companies, 63.4% of the sample had been using BIM for over three years, and 40.4% of the companies carry out more than 80% of their projects with BIM. As for the type of projects, approximately 50% of the companies carry out building projects, 30% engineering facilities, and 20% civil engineering and architecture. Table 3 shows the result of the measurement model with formative indicators, where the content validity of variable indicators, represented in weight and statistical significance, were assessed. To ensure the absence of the collinearity between the indicators and their construct, VIF (variance inflation factor) was assessed, needing its value to be less than 3 [84]. In our case, all VIF values obtained were under 3, except for CUB3 being 3.17, which was eliminated in order to avoid collinearity problems. The indicators that obtained weights very close to zero were also eliminated from the model, since they were not statistically significant, except for TT1 and BIME5 since they conceptually contribute to the construction of the variable they represent, despite not being significant. Control variables age and size were found not to be statistically significant due to \(\beta\) coefficients being very close to zero and also being eliminated from the study, although it is important as a previous step to use control variables to see their influence on the dependent variable to be explained BIM effectiveness. Structural analysis assessed the strength of the relationships established between the different variables in the model. To do this, the level of statistical significance of the \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Type of BIM Company** & **Percentage** & **Number of Years Using BIM** & **Percentage** \\ \hline Architecture & 48.9\% & Under 1 & 9.7\% \\ Engineering facilities & 30.4\% & 1–2 & 16.1\% \\ Civil engineering Architecture & 20.7\% & 2–3 & 10.8\% \\ \hline
**Company Size** & **Percentage** & Over 3 & 63.4\% \\ \hline Micro companies (under 10) & 68.1\% & **Project Fulfillment with BIM Tools** & **Percentage** \\ \cline{2-4} Small companies (11–50) & 22.3\% & Under 20\% & 8.5\% \\ Medium companies (51–250) & 8.5\% & 20–40\% & 12.8\% \\ Big companies (over 250) & 1.1\% & 40–60\% & 21.3\% \\ \hline
**Annual Turnover \& Million (Euros)** & **Percentage** & 60–80\% & 17\% \\ \hline Under 2 & 80.4\% & Over 80\% & 40.4\% \\
2–10 & 15.2\% & & \\
10–50 & 3.9\% & & \\ Over 50 & 0.5\% & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Descriptive statistics of the sample. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Senior Management** & **Weight** & **T-Value** & **VIF** & **Technological Learning** & **Weight** & **T-Value** & **VIF** \\ \hline SMS1 & 0.224 * & 1.646 & 1.658 & TL1 & 0.104 NS & 0.904 & 1.126 \\ SMS2 & 0.591 *** & 3.882 & 1.660 & TT2 & - & - & - \\ SMS3 & - & - & - & TT3 & 0.720 *** & 5.798 & 1.062 \\ SMS4 & 0.362 ** & 2.554 & 1.614 & TT4 & 0.623 *** & 4.828 & 1.148 \\ SMS5 & - & - & - & & & \\ \hline
**Collaborative Culture** & **Weight** & **T-Value** & **VIF** & **BIM Effectiveness** & **Weight** & **T-Value** & **VIF** \\ \hline CCU1 & 0.530 *** & 4.192 & 1.204 & BIME1 & 0.255 * & 1.754 & 1.812 \\ CCU2 & - & - & - & BIME2 & - & - & - \\ CCU3 & 0.613 *** & 5.423 & 1.233 & BIME3 & - & - & - \\ CCU4 & - & - & - & BIME4 & 0.307 * & 2.239 & 1.421 \\ CCU5 & 0.211 * & 2.154 & 1.033 & BIME5 & 0.186 NS & 1.398 & 1.570 \\  & & & BIME6 & 0.235 * & 1.943 & 1.205 \\  & & & BIME7 & 0.427 *** & 3.464 & 1.523 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}  
* \(p<0.001\), *
* \(p<0.05\), NS: not significant (based on t (4999), one-tailed test), t(0.05, 4999) = 1.645; (0.01, 4999) = 2.327; t(0.001, 4999) = 3.092.  
\end{table} 
Table 3: Measurement model results. \"\(\beta\)\" or path coefficients and the R\({}^{2}\) for the dependent variables were assessed.