# A Systematic Review of Computer Vision and AI in Parking Space Allocation in a Seaport
## 2 Methodology: Conducting a Systematic Review
### Data Extraction Process
#### 2.5.2 Collaborative Data Extraction
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt}} \hline \hline
**Author** & **Year** & **Type of Study** & **Parking Space** & **Explanation/Solution/Conclusion** \\ \hline
**[PERSON] et al.**[13] & 2022 & Prototype & Random parking spaces & Proposed a CV model built on the Django framework written in Python 3.0 for space & Proposed a CV model built on the Django framework written in Python 3.0 for space & Proposed a CV model built on the random parking areas. \\ \hline
**[PERSON] et al.**[1] & 2020 & Experimental & Public parking garage & Processes the real-time videos from the CCTV using edge computing and AI \\ \hline
**[PERSON] et al.**[14] & 2018 & Experimental & University car parking & The proposed solution includes multiple technologies such as AI, image processing, and ultrasonic sensors. The algorithm is built using big data analysis and a neural network system. \\ \hline
**[PERSON] et al.**[15] & 2021 & Comparative and analytical study & Smart parking system for public places & After identifying problems in the smart parking system, the use of AI and machine learning was suggested for optimizing the system. \\ \hline
**[PERSON] et al.**[16] & 2021 & Review & Numerous smart parking systems & Systematically describes all approaches used by various researchers to build a smart parking system for on-road vehicles. \\ \hline
**[PERSON] et al.**[17] & 2019 & Review & Various e-parking and smart parking systems & The authors concluded that techniques such as low power wide area networks (LPWANs) are used; however, the sensors used in smart parking systems have some disadvantages. \\ \hline
**[PERSON], [PERSON] et al.**[18] & 2020 & Review & AI in building a smart city and its parking system & The authors opened a viewpoint on technocentric solutions but also highlighted the variety of risks associated with it. \\ \hline
**[PERSON] et al.**[19] & 2018 & Research article & Indoor parking system & The study mentions and proposes a framework to reduce the risk for large-scale indoor parking facilities and depots. \\ \hline
**[PERSON], [PERSON] et al.**[20] & 2022 & Research paper on the smart parking system & Car parking in a multilevel parking system & The researchers studied and designed an efficient car parking system using ARM and ZigBee. This system reads the number plate and records if the parking space is available or not. Ultrasonic sensors are also used to identify vacant and used parking places. \\ \hline
**[PERSON], [PERSON], \& 2018 & Conference publication on ZIGBEE used in the smart parking system & Public parking areas such as shopping malls, hospitals, and offices & ZigBee is efficient when compared with WI-FI and Bluetooth technologies. Saved time and contributed to lower emissions of CO\({}_{2}\). \\ \hline
**[PERSON] et al.**[22] & 2018 & Experimental Study & Proposed for city hall (no pilot testing done) & Proposed a model named SmarPark. It is a smartphone-based model that not only helps in identifying a parking space but also makes it available once the vehicle is pulled out. The authors have also added a feature where the driver can enter the parking spot number and later easily find the vehicle. \\ \hline
**[PERSON], [PERSON], \& 2017 & Research article on navigation and reservation in the parking system & Office and public parking area & With the help of the IoT, the authors have built a model that helps in navigation and reserving a parking slot in advance. They have also used genetic algorithms. The authors claimed that their model delivered accurate results. \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Summary of all the selected manuscripts on parking systems for on-road vehicles.