# Transportation and Reserve of Emergency Medical Supplies during Public Health Events
## 1 Introduction  
Public health issues refer to food events that pose serious harm to public health, major infectious diseases that can cause serious harm to public health or have caused serious harm to public health, and group diseases of unknown causes. Major events occur frequently in the field of public health. Examples include the following: the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 2003; the outbreak of the influenza A (H1 NI) virus in April 2009, which took a huge toll on people across the globe; the emergence of the new crown epidemic and the start of outbreaks globally from December 2019, which has severely impacted people's lives, health, and livelihoods; and the recent outbreak of the influenza A virus in 2023, which is likely to return in the foreseeable future. These public health incidents have not only seriously affected people's health but have also had a negative economic impact on all walks of life. The supply-side reform was seriously slowed down and the total demand and supply dropped sharply in the short term. The capital chain of a large number of small and medium-sized enterprises is broken and bankrupt, which affects the economic circulation and employment. This had an impact on input-output efficiency, consumption pull rate, opening to the outside world and trade, tourism, catering, transportation, and other industries, which are directly and fatally affected. The level of emergency management of public health emergencies is related to the happiness and safety of people. Emergency material support is the basic work of emergency management, and the timeliness and effectiveness of support have a direct impact on the effect of emergency support of public health emergencies. Since the outbreak of the \"SARS\"crisis, countries have attached great importance to the emergency response ability of public health emergencies and have accordingly improved the level of emergency support. The COVID-19 epidemic is one of the most serious and difficult current public health issues. In the event of a regional outbreak, the general management of emergency medical supplies faces challenges such as low distribution efficiency and an imperfect warehouse emergency plan, which make it easy for the whole system to fall into a passive state. At the same time, in such public health incidents, there is a shortage of medical supplies in many places, such as \"long queues in pharmacies to buy ibuprofen\", \"soaring prices of N95 masks\", and \"insufficient medicines in hospital warehouses\" in the recent two years. The change in epidemic form has caused the shortage of emergency medical materials. In order to predict, prevent, and temporarily deal with this problem and eliminate the waste of materials, the transportation and reserve of emergency medical materials can effectively prevent the spread of the epidemic, focus on solving the short-board problem of material security in dealing with serious public health emergencies, and earnestly safeguard people's lives, health, and safety. Whether emergency medical materials can be supplied in time directly affects the treatment rate and mortality rate of patients and is also a key factor to ensure the safety of people's lives. However, most traditional material scheduling modes use demand points to increase demand and distribution centers to redistribute materials. This mode can only be relieved when problems occur and since there are many influencing factors scheduling often cannot meet expectations. The pneumonia epidemic in COVID-19 has caused a general shortage of emergency materials all over the world, which has brought certain challenges to the scheduling, storage, and distribution of materials for public health emergencies. The advance mobilization and stockpiling of emergency medical supplies in the event of a public health incident is facing problems and challenges.