## 4 Discussion
### Energy Distribution  
By analyzing the energy distribution, the particle crushing and particle friction in the further test could be judged. It could be found from Table 1 that when the gas pressure was set to 0.2 MPa, the incident energy ranged from 152.1 J to 170.5 J. Under the same incident energy condition, friction energy consumption between particles increased with the increase of relative slip and dissipated energy increased with the increase of serious particle crushing. These two factors make the specimens have greater absorption energy. According to the test data of groups T-1 to T-10, as shown in Figure 9a, it could be found that under the condition of similar incident energy, there was no obvious change rule of reflected energy under various working conditions, but numerically the proportion of reflected energy to the total incident energy was large, with an average proportion of 67.2-82.4%, and only a small part of the energy could transmit. With the increase of the Kaolin weight fraction, the average transmitted energy proportion increased from 3.6% to 9.6% when the Kaolin weight fraction was 50%, then the proportion of transmitted energy decreased gradually. When the Kaolin weight fraction was 100%, the transmitted energy was the smallest, which was 0.4%. By analyzing the dissipated energy, it was mainly related to particle crushing and friction. Through the change curve of the relative breakage potential \(B\) in Figure 7b, it could be found that the change rule of the average dissipated energy ratio was the same as that of Figure 7b. With the increase of the Kaolin weight fraction, the average dissipated energy ratio decreased continuously, and the relative breakage potential \(B\) also decreased continuously, showing that the particle crushing decreased. Comparing the wave attenuation coefficient, particle crushing and energy distribution, it could be found that when the weight fraction of Kaolin was 50%, the overall wave attenuation ability was the worst and the proportion of transmitted energy was the largest. Compared with [PERSON] et al. [13], it was found that when the weight fraction of Kaolin was 30%, the wave attenuation performance of the specimen was the worst, the Kaolin selected by him was crushed to below 0.25 mm, and the mass density of Kaolin was 1.631 g/cm\({}^{3}\). Before the test, he mixed the sand with water uniformly and dried it, then impacted it at low strain rate. In this paper, the dry loose clay was selected for the test, with a larger space. It was a high  
Figure 8: (a) Particle size distribution curves of specimens with different saturations after impact. (b) Variation diagram of average relative breakage potential. amplitude impact in this paper. Firstly, the clay component was compressed to reach the closest state, and then the quartz sand particle skeleton was compressed; when the Kaolin weight fraction was 30%, there were still a lot of space after compression. When the Kaolin weight fraction was 50%, the specimen reached the closest state after compression, the space was the smallest, the specimen stiffness was the largest, the corresponding transmitted energy was the largest, and the wave-absorbing performance was the weakest. According to the test data of groups T-3, T-4, T-11 toT-20, as shown in Figure 10, it could be found that as the saturation increased, the ratio of the three kinds of energy to the total incident energy showed a different trend from that in Figure 9b. With the increase of saturation, the reflected energy increased first. When the saturation was 25%, the reflected energy was the largest, then decreased with the increase of saturation. The dissipated energy and transmitted energy decreased first and then increased continuously. For the dissipated energy, it can be found that when the saturation was 25%, the relative breakage potential \(B\) was 0.159, which was lower than that of the saturation of 0% and 50%, but the dissipated energy was similar to that of the saturation of 0%.