# Construction 4.0: A Systematic Review of Its Application in Developing Countries
## 5 Awareness, Understanding, Application, and Challenges of Construction 4.0
### Application of Construction 4.0 in Developing Countries
Experts consider this development to be a revolutionary advancement. According to various reports, it is projected that the smart factory industry will reach a value of approximately USD 215 billion by the year 2025. Furthermore, it is anticipated that this industry will be embraced by all major economies [63]. Several Indian companies, like Tata Steel, Tata Elksi, Happiest Minds Technologies, Mondelez, etc., are currently intensifying their efforts and forming partnerships with other companies to create innovative Internet of Things (IoT) and machine-to-machine (M2M) solutions. This trend is further supported by the Digital India initiative, which is spearheaded by the Government of India and is anticipated to amplify the emphasis on IoT in addressing domestic challenges, not least in construction [64]. The research [65] delves into how Construction 4.0 can be incorporated into developing nations, with a specific focus on Bangladesh. By conducting semistructured interviews with both scholars and industry insiders, it uncovers the main hurdles and opportunities associated with implementing Construction 4.0 in Bangladesh. These include challenges like inadequate infrastructure, a lack of government backing, limited expertise, the abundance of low-cost labour, and the high expense of technology installation. Despite Bangladesh's prominent role in industries like ready-made garments (RMG), it trails behind in automation and faces significant structural obstacles. The study by [PERSON] et al. [65] emphasises the crucial role of government support and proactive measures from decision makers in swiftly embracing Construction 4.0, highlighting its potential to boost production efficiency, cut costs, and drive economic progress. However, it also acknowledges the necessity for substantial enhancements in infrastructure, knowledge dissemination, and policy development to fully realize the benefits of Construction 4.0. Developed countries are in favour of embracing this new technological revolution aimed at improving human life. At the forefront of this movement is the concept of Construction 4.0, which has already been embraced and implemented by many developed nations in their industries. Meanwhile, developing countries are gearing up to adopt this concept to enhance their competitiveness in the global market. Indonesia is also involved in this; however, a lack of regional economic studies poses a significant obstacle, especially regarding Indonesia's readiness to embrace Construction 4.0. The study by [61] attempts to offer a descriptive analysis of Indonesia's preparedness for Construction 4.0, focusing on its economic and information communication and technology (ICT) development at the provincial level. Utilising data visualisation and analysis techniques such as the regional economic portfolio matrix, secondary data from credible sources were examined. Provinces like Jakarta, East Java, West Java, Central Java, Riau, Banten, South Sulawesi, and East Kalimantan emerge as the most promising, with above-average gross regional domestic product and ICT development indices. Conversely, provinces like North Sumatra have an above-average gross regional domestic product but below-average ICT development indices. On the other hand, provinces like West Sumatra, South Kalimantan, North Sulawesi, West Papua, Bali, Riau Islands, Yogyakarta, and North Kalimantan show above-average ICT development but below-average gross regional domestic product. Provinces not mentioned still have work to do to improve their economic performance and ICT development [61]. This once again highlights the importance of local context and conditions. The Thai government has also rolled out various policies to tap into the possibilities presented by Construction 4.0. These policies fall into three main areas: digital infrastructure, skill development, and targeted industries. However, as is often the case with Thai policies, the approach to Construction 4.0 is quite broad, lacking clear prioritisation.