## 3 Results
### Results of Breakdown Strength Measurements  
To conduct a statistical evaluation of the results obtained from the breakdown strength tests, ten specimens of insulating materials were tested. Prior to testing, the surfaces of the samples were cleaned with ethyl alcohol. The laboratory conditions during the experiments were maintained at a temperature of 25 \(\pm\) 2 \({}^{\circ}\)C, relative humidity of 40 \(\pm\) 2%, and pressure  
Figure 4: Cylindrical solid insulation test specimens. PETG, PC/ABS, PLA, ABS, and ASA from left to right. Figure 5: Square solid insulation test specimens. PETG, PC/ABS, ASA, ABS, and PLA from left to right. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Parameters** & **ABS** & **ASA** & **PC/ABS** & **PETG** & **PLA** \\ \hline Nozzle diameter (mm) & 0.4 & 0.4 & 0.4 & 0.4 & 0.4 \\ \hline Layer height (mm) & 0.2 & 0.2 & 0.2 & 0.2 & 0.2 \\ \hline Sparse infill density (\%) & 100 & 100 & 100 & 100 & 100 \\ \hline Sparse infill pattern & Rectilinear & Rectilinear & Rectilinear & Rectilinear & Rectilinear \\ \hline Nozzle temperature (\({}^{\circ}\)C) & 283 & 275 & 283 & 240 & 220 \\ \hline Build plate (\({}^{\circ}\)C) & 110 & 100 & 110 & 80 & 60 \\ \hline Chamber temperature (\({}^{\circ}\)C) & 53 & 53 & 53 & - & - \\ \hline Initial layer print speed (mm/s) & 50 & 50 & 50 & 50 & 50 \\ \hline Initial layer infill print speed (mm/s) & 105 & 105 & 105 & 105 & 105 \\ \hline Outer wall print speed (mm/s) & 200 & 200 & 200 & 200 & 200 \\ \hline Inner wall print speed (mm/s) & 300 & 300 & 300 & 300 & 300 \\ \hline Print cooling enable & No & Yes & No & Yes & Yes \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Parameters of 3D printing by the filament type. of 756.8 \(\pm\) 5 mmHg. The breakdown strength test results of cylindrical specimens are shared in Figure 6, and the breakdown strength test results of square specimens are shared in Figure 7.  
Upon examining the results presented in Figure 6, the minimum breakdown strength for the PLA material was recorded at 21.36 kV/mm, while the maximum reached 24.82 kV/mm, resulting in an average breakdown strength of 23.45 kV/mm. For the ABS material, the breakdown strength ranged from 27.58 kV/mm to 34.33 kV/mm, with an average value determined to be 30.28 kV/mm. The ASA material showed an average breakdown strength of 20.35 kV/mm, with a minimum breakdown occurring at 17.64 kV/mm and a maximum of 22.73 kV/mm. The breakdown strength for the PETG material varied between 26.27 kV/mm and 28.73 kV/mm, leading to an average of 27.55 kV/mm. Finally, the PC/ABS material had a minimum breakdown strength of 27.73 kV/mm and a maximum of 32.09 kV/mm, resulting in an average breakdown strength calculated at 30.14 kV/mm. Analyzing the results for square test specimens displayed in Figure 7, the minimum breakdown strength for the PLA material was recorded at 14.14 kV/mm, with a maximum of 17.73 kV/mm, leading to an average breakdown strength of 15.75 kV/mm. The breakdown strength for the ABS material ranged from 17.88 kV/mm to 20.21 kV/mm, resulting in an average value of 18.73 kV/mm. For the ASA material, the average breakdown strength was measured at 13.06 kV/mm, with a minimum breakdown occurring at  
Figure 6: Box plot of breakdown strengths for cylindrical specimens. Figure 7: Box plot of breakdown strengths for square specimens. 11.95 kV/mm and a maximum of 14.68 kV/mm. The breakdown strength for the PETG material varied between 13.23 kV/mm and 17.41 kV/mm, with an average determined to be 14.94 kV/mm. Lastly, the PC/ABS material exhibited a minimum breakdown strength of 7.50 kV/mm and a maximum of 9.55 kV/mm, culminating in an average breakdown strength calculated at 8.29 kV/mm. The breakdown strength of the circular PLA material decreased by 32.8%, from 23.45 kV/mm to 15.75 kV/mm. In the ABS material, the circular sample had a breakdown strength value of 30.28 kV/mm, while this value was obtained as 18.73 kV/mm in the square-shaped sample. The rate of change for the ABS material was determined as 38.12%.