## 3 Results
### Complete Blood Count in Acute and Chronic Diabetic Rats
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l l l l} \hline  & **Controls** & **Chronic Diabetics** & **Insulin-Treated Diabetics** & **Reverted Diabetics** \\  & **(n = 5–20)** & **(n = 3–14)** & **(n = 4–13)** & **(n = 3–4)** \\ \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Carbamide (mmol/L)} & Blood & 9.37 \(\pm\) 0.2 & 10.92 \(\pm\) 0.42 & 8.0 \(\pm\) 0.29 \({}^{\ast\ast\ast\ast}\) & 9.63 \(\pm\) 0.44 \\ \cline{2-6}  & Urine & 27.43 \(\pm\) 3.63 & 397.5 \(\pm\) 26.56 \({}^{\ast\ast\ast}\) & 18.71 \(\pm\) 2.99 \({}^{\ast\ast\ast}\) & - \\ \hline \hline \multicolumn{2}{l}{Creatinine (\(\mu\)mol/L)} & Blood & 70.0 \(\pm\) 6.4 & 83.88 \(\pm\) 8.33 & 81.89 \(\pm\) 5.47 & 88.25 \(\pm\) 2.18 \\ \hline \hline \multicolumn{2}{l}{Albumin (g/L)} & Blood & 32.27 \(\pm\) 0.88 & 29.55 \(\pm\) 0.95 & 30.69 \(\pm\) 1.15 & 34.0 \(\pm\) 0.41 \\ \hline \multicolumn{2}{l}{Cholesterol (mmol/L)} & Blood & 2.19 \(\pm\) 0.05 & 2.35 \(\pm\) 0.09 & 2.28 \(\pm\) 0.09 & 3.26 \(\pm\) 0.31 \({}^{\ast\ast\ast}\) \\ \hline \hline \multicolumn{2}{l}{Triglyceride (mmol/L)} & Blood & 2.78 \(\pm\) 1.26 & 1.94 \(\pm\) 0.15 & 2.18 \(\pm\) 0.2 & 2.27 \(\pm\) 0.38 \\ \hline \hline \multicolumn{2}{l}{AST (U/L)} & Blood & 143.9 \(\pm\) 10.47 & 132.0 \(\pm\) 21.37 & 117.2 \(\pm\) 8.99 & 117.8 \(\pm\) 11.35 \\ \hline \hline \multicolumn{2}{l}{GPT (U/L)} & Blood & 68.22 \(\pm\) 3.51 & 88.0 \(\pm\) 7.5 & 61.44 \(\pm\) 4.96 & 66.5 \(\pm\) 6.4 \\ \hline \hline \multicolumn{2}{l}{ALP (U/L)} & Blood & 402.6 \(\pm\) 26.63 & 1393 \(\pm\) 184.9 \({}^{\ast\ast\ast\ast}\) & 598.8 \(\pm\) 91.04 & 423.5 \(\pm\) 40.19 \\ \hline \multicolumn{2}{l}{LDH (U/L)} & Blood & 603.4 \(\pm\) 50.43 & 677.5 \(\pm\) 30.17 & 616.0 \(\pm\) 62.53 & 728.3 \(\pm\) 46.25 \\ \hline \hline \multicolumn{2}{l}{Total protein (g/L)} & Blood & 65.04 \(\pm\) 0.72 & 59.89 \(\pm\) 1.11 \({The blood of chronic diabetic rats was thickened, and the RBC count (\(p<0.001\)), the hematocrit (\(p<0.001\)), and the Hb concentration (\(p<0.01\)) was significantly increased compared to those of controls. Furthermore, the Hb concentration distribution width (HDW, \(p<0.001\)) was decreased compared to that of controls. In the insulin-treated diabetic and reverted diabetic animals, the measured hematological parameters were similar to the values of age-matched controls. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l l} \hline  & **Controls** & **Acute Diabetics** \\  & **(n = 3)** & **(n = 4)** \\ \hline RBC, Red Blood Cell (\(\times 10^{6}/\,\mu\)L) & 7.27 \(\pm\) 0.13 & 7.42 \(\pm\) 0.08 \\ \hline HCT, Hematocrit (\%) & 46.5 \(\pm\) 0.98 & 49.0 \(\pm\) 0.85 \\ \hline Hb, Hemoglobin (g/dL) & 14.1 \(\pm\) 0.21 & 13.75 \(\pm\) 0.23 \\ \hline MCV, Mean corpuscular volume (fl) & 64.03 \(\pm\) 2.26 & 66.03 \(\pm\) 0.84 \\ \hline MCH, mean corpuscular hemoglobin (pg) & 19.4 \(\pm\) 0.59 & 18.5 \(\pm\) 0.2 \\ \hline MCHC, Mean corpuscular hemoglobin & 30.3 \(\pm\) 0.2 & 28.05 \(\pm\) 0.42 \\ concentration (g/dL) & 30.2 \(\pm\) 0.23 & 27.9 \(\pm\) 0.47 \\ \hline CH, Corpuscular hemoglobin content (pg) & 19.37 \(\pm\) 0.61 & 18.45 \(\pm\) 0.14 \\ \hline HDW, Hemoglobin concentration distribution & 2.2 \(\pm\) 0.05 & 1.99 \(\pm\) 0.09 \\ width (g/dL) & 11.53 \(\pm\) 0.35 & 11.33 \(\pm\) 0.31 \\ \hline WBC, White blood cell (\(\times 10^{3}/\mu\)L) & 6.09 \(\pm\) 1.44 & 7.57 \(\pm\) 1.39 \\ \hline Lymphocyte count (\(\times 10^{3}/\mu\)L) & 4.29 \(\pm\) 1.4 & 5.47 \(\pm\) 1.14 \\ \hline Monocyte count (\(\times 10^{3}/\mu\)L) & 0.18 \(\pm\) 0.04 & 0.29 \(\pm\) 0.07 \\ \hline Neutrophil count (\(\times 10^{3}/\mu\)L) & 1.2 \(\pm\) 0.05 & 1.2 \(\pm\) 0.1 \\ \hline Eosynophil count (\(\times 10^{3}/\mu\)L) & 0.22 \(\pm\) 0.06 & 0.39 \(\pm\) 0.14 \\ \hline Basophil count (\(\times 10^{3}/\mu\)L) & 0.04 \(\pm\) 0.003 & 0.05 \(\pm\) 0.005 \\ \hline Large unstained cell count (\(\times 10^{3}/\mu\)L) & 0.16 \(\pm\) 0.06 & 0.17 \(\pm\) 0.04 \\ \hline PLT, Platelet count (\(\times 10^{3}/\mu\)L) & 663.0 \(\pm\) 33 & 960.8 \(\pm\) 181.9 \\ \hline MPV, Mean platelet volume (fl) & 9.03 \(\pm\) 2.13 & 7.85 \(\pm\) 0.19 ** \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}