# Structural Detection and Restoration Proposal for the Mardin Sahkulubey Cupola
## 2 Geographical and Climatic Features of the Region
### Climate Characteristics  
Similar to other cities in southeastern Anatolia, Mardin City is also influenced by tropical and polar air masses. Along with this influence, the altitude, the direction of the mountains and their slope exposure, and the degree of terrestrial effects are the factors that determine the climate of Mardin. The elevation from the sea level of Mardin City is 1.083 m. The high mountains in the northern region impact the environment of Mardin. The city has the characteristics of the terrestrial climate. Summers are arid and hot, and winters are rainy and cold. In the plain section, which forms the southern part of Mardin city center, summers are sweltering, and winters are mild and rainy. In this part, there is little and non-permanent snowfall. Since the city is situated on the slope of the mountain and is high, summers are relatively cooler than those in the Mardin Plain, which forms the south, and winters have heavy winds, heavy rain, and snowfall [24].  
The average temperature in Mardin is 15.8 \({}^{\circ}\)C. With an average temperature of 35 \({}^{\circ}\)C, July is the hottest month. The temperature in January is 0.6 \({}^{\circ}\)C, and it is the month with the lowest temperature of the year. The average number of rainy days per year is 79; the highest number is observed in March, with an average of 12.33 days. There is much more rainfall in winter and spring than in summer and autumn. With 2.3 mm of precipitation, August is the driest month of the year. The highest precipitation can be observed in January, with 117.2 mm of rainfall (Table 1, Figure 3).  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Mardin** & **Jan** & **Feb** & **Mar** & **Apr** & **May** & **Jun** & **Jul** & **Aug** & **Sep** & **Oct** & **Nov** & **Dec** & **Annual** \\ \cline{2-13}  & & & & & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Measurement Period (1927–2021)**} & & & & & & & & & \\ \hline Average Temperature (\({}^{\circ}\)C) & 3 & 4.2 & 8 & 13.4 & 19.5 & 25.6 & 29.8 & 29.6 & 25.3 & 18.6 & 11.1 & 5.4 & 15.8 \\ \hline Average Maximum Temperature (\({}^{\circ}\)C) & 5.8 & 7.3 & 11.6 & 17.3 & 24 & 30.6 & 35 & 34.7 & 30.1 & 22.9 & 14.5 & 8.1 & 19.8 \\ \hline Average Lowest Temperature & 0.6 & 1.4 & 4.7 & 9.7 & 15.1 & 20.3 & 24.5 & 24.7 & 20.8 & 14.7 & 8.1 & 2.9 & 11.8 \\ \hline Average Sunbathing Time (hours) & 4.5 & 5.1 & 6 & 7.3 & 9.7 & 12.1 & 12.4 & 11.4 & 10.3 & 7.7 & 5.9 & 4.4 & 7.7 \\ \hline Average Number of Rainy Days & 10.25 & 8.92 & 12.33 & 11.58 & 10.08 & 2.25 & 2.17 & 0.83 & 0.92 & 5.42 & 8.25 & 11.67 & 79 \\ \hline Average Monthly Total Rainfall (mm) & 117 & 104 & 97.4 & 81.9 & 47.2 & 6.6 & 3.2 & 2.3 & 4 & 33.9 & 71.6 & 109.9 & 647 \\ \hline Highest Temperature (\({}^{\circ}\)C) & 19.4 & 19.5 & 27.5 & 33.6 & 36.1 & 40 & 42.5 & 42 & 39.3 & 35.6 & 26.1 & 24.1 & 42 \\ \hline Lowest Temperature (\({}^{\circ}\)C) & \(-\)13.4 & \(-\)14 & \(-\)11.7 & \(-\)5.3 & 2.6 & 0.6 & 11.8 & 12.8 & 8 & \(-\)2.5 & \(-\)9.5 & \(-\)11.9 & \(-\)14 \\ \hline Daily Total Highest Rainfall & & & & & & & & & & & & & \\ \hline \multicolumn{13}{c}{03.02.1982 145.9 mm} & & & & & & & & & & & & & \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 1: Meteorological analysis of Mardin province (between 1941 and 2021) [25].  
Figure 2: Location of the Sähkulubey Cupola.