## 3 Results and Discussion
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Explosive**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Volume**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Density**} & \multirow{2}{*}{\(D_{\text{expt.}}\)*} & \multicolumn{6}{c}{**Calculated Detonation Parameters**} \\ \cline{4-9}  & & & & & & & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & & & & & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & & & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Emulsion explosive (EME)} & 100 & 1.175 & 5534 & 5559 & 8.03 & 2779.78 & 3.68 & 2217 \\  & EMM/EPS (50/50) & 50/50 & 0.627 & 3051 & 3413 & 2.16 & 2645.42 & 1.91 & 2261 \\  & EMM/EPS (40/60) & 40/60 & 0.437 & 2491 & 2785 & 1.06 & 2469.27 & 1.26 & 2138 \\  & EMM/EPS (30/70) & 30/70 & 0.302 & 2089 & 2399 & 0.59 & 2284.85 & 0.81 & 2012 \\  & EMM/EPS (20/80) & 20/80 & 0.218 & 1710 & 2137 & 0.36 & 1974.69 & 0.52 & 1804 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}  
* \({}^{*}\)Dept experimental detonation velocity measured in steel tubes 21.5 mm inner diameter, 150 mm long, 27 mm wall thickness, D, P,Q, Q, E\({}_{\text{o}}\), and T are calculated detonation velocity, pressure, heat, energy, and temperature, respectively.  
\end{table} 
Table 2: Detonation parameters of used explosives. The dependence of experimentally measured PPV on the explosive mass and distance from the blast is expressed through the scaled distance (Equation (1)). Taking the logarithm of both sides in Equation (1) yields the following equation:  
\[\log(PPV)=\log(H)+\beta\cdot\log(SD) \tag{9}\]  
When plotted in log-log coordinates, Equation (9) gives a linear PPV-SD relationship of the form:  
\[y=a+bx \tag{10}\]  
where \(y=\log(\text{PPV})\), \(a=\log(\text{H})\), \(x=\log(\text{SD})\), and \(b=\beta\). One can easily determine the constants \(a\) and \(b\) in Equation (10) and the constants \(H\) and \(\beta\) in Equation (9) through the linear regression analysis. The slope of line (\(b\)) is computed from the expression [40]:  
\[b=\left\{\sum(x_{i}\cdot y_{i}-n\cdot x\cdot y)\right\}/\left\{\sum\left(x_{i}- n\cdot x^{2}\right)\right\} \tag{11}\]  
and intercept \(a\) is computed from the expression:  
\[a=y-b\cdot x \tag{12}\]  
The coefficient of correlation r is obtained by evaluating the expression [40]:  
\[r=\left\{\sum(x_{i}\cdot y_{i}-n\cdot x\cdot y)\right\}/\left[\left\{\sum\left( x_{i}-n\cdot x^{2}\right)\right\}\left\{\sum\left(y_{i}^{2}-n\cdot y^{2}\right) \right\}\right]^{1/2} \tag{13}\]  
and the sample standard deviation is evaluated from:  
\[s=\left[\left\{\sum\left(y_{i}^{2}-n\cdot y^{2}\right)-\sum(x_{i}\cdot y_{i}- n\cdot x\cdot y)^{2}/\sum\left(x_{i}-n\cdot x^{2}\right)\right\}/n\right]^{1/2} \tag{14}\] \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Explosive**} & **W** & **R** & **SD** & **PPV** \\  & **(g)** & **(m)** & **(m/kg\({}^{0.5}\))** & **(mm/s)** \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{EME} & \multirow{8}{*}{73.24} & 2 & 7.390 & 33.3 \\  & & 4 & 14.780 & 26.3 \\  & & 6 & 22.171 & 21.8 \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{2-5}  & \multirow{8}{*}{72.36} & 2 & 7.435 & 27.3 \\  & & 4 & 14.870 & 21.7 \\  & & 6 & 22.305 & 8.25 \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{2-5}  & \multirow{8}{*}{73.11} & 2 & 7.397 & 39.6 \\  & & 4 & 14.794 & 28.6 \\  & & 6 & 22.190 & 6.98 \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{2-5}  & \multirow{8}{*}{73.18} & 2 & 7.393 & 44.8 \\ \cline{1-1}  & & 4 & 14.786 & 13.3 \\ \cline{1-1}  & & 6 & 22.180 & 6.22 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: Measured maximum PPV vs. charge weight and distance from blast point for EME [30].