## 3 Results and Discussion
### Multi-Element Analysis of Investigated Berries Samples
The same authors indicated the concentrations (mg/kg) of elements in blueberries from different countries, as follows: Spain (477 for Ca, 388 for Mg, 25 for Na, 907 for P, 0.54 for Ba, 1.54 for Cu, 14.9 for Fe, 15.6 for Mn, 0.36 for Sr, 5.1 for Zn, 0.01 for As, 0.005 for Cd, 0.02 for Co, 0.01 for Cr, 0.04 for Ni, 0.04 for Pb, and 0.04 for V); Germany (550 for ca, 342 for Mg, 22 for Na, 533 for P, 2.96 for Ba, 2.03 for Cu, 14.4 for Fe, 7.2 for Mn, 0.8 for Sr, 3.7 for Zn, 0.30 for As, 0.03 for Cd, 0.01 for Co, <LOD for Cr, 0.12 for Ni, 0.13 for Pb, and 0.028 for V); Poland (360 for Ca, 275 for Mg, 45 for Na, 875 for P, 0.68 for Ba, 1.58 for Cu, 16.0 for Fe, 7.2 for Mn, 0.80 for Sr, 2.8 for Zn, 0.04 for As, 0.022 for Cd, 0.02 for Co, 0.04 for Cr, 0.22 for Ni, 0.06 for Pb, and 0.03 for V); Peru (1293 for Ca, 459 for Mg, 90 for Na, 586 for P, 2.74 for Ba, 1.90 for Cu, 31.7 for Fe, 27.5 for Mn, 3.77 for Sr, 3.5 for Zn, 0.15 for As, 0.03 for Cd, 0.03 for Co, 0.10 for Cr, 0.42 for Ni, 0.12 for Pb, and 0.13 for V); Chile (520 for Ca, 423 for Mg, 38 for Na, 804 for P, 2.82 for Ba, 7.91 for Cu, 13.3 for Fe, 21.5 for Mn, 1.76 for Sr, 6.5 for Zn, 0.03 for As, \(<\)LOD for Cd, 0.02 for Co, 0.29 for Cr, 0.60 for Ni, \(<\)LOD for Pb, and \(<\)LOD for V); and Argentina (1028 for Ca, 438 for Mg, 41 for Na, 882 for P, 8.54 for Ba, 3.90 for Cu, 26.0 for Fe, 117.2 for Mn, 3.70 for Sr, 5.2 for Zn, 0.14 for As, 0.073 for Cd, 0.02 for Co, 0.06 for Cr, 0.26 for Ni, 0.16 for Pb, and 0.025 for V). The concentration of heavy metals (mg/kg d.w.) in raspberry samples coming from conventional and wild crops was reported by [PERSON] et al. (2022) [39]. The concentration values recorded for raspberry fruits in conventional crops were: 0.4 for As, 0.04 for Cd, 0.04 for Pb, 3.76 for Cr, 27.59 for Zn, 2.08 for Co, 4.78 for Cu, 29.00 for Mn, 0.02 for V, 4.10 for Sr, and 0.88 for Ti. For wild-growing raspberry fruits, the metals concentration of samples was: 0.4 for As, 1.00 for Cd, 0.07 for Pb, 3.60 for Cr, 35.76 for Zn, 1.95 for Co, 5.96 for Cu, 340.70 for Mn, 0.03 for V, 3.03 for Sr, and 1.3 for Ti. According to [PERSON] et al. (2021) [40], the mean concentration in mg/kg of macro- and microelements investigated in raspberry fruits was: 23.7 for Na, 385 for Ca, 255 for Mg, 6.0 for Fe, 0.44 for Cu, and 3.5 for Zn. Figure 4 presents the box plots of the statistically significant elemental compositions of berries, as obtained by applying the ANOVA test, with respect to the botanical origin. The mean contents of macro-, micro-, and trace elements in wild and cultivated berries (raspberry, seaberry, blackberry, cranberry, and blueberry) are presented in Figure 5.  
In the investigated wild berries, the average reported concentrations reflected the following trend: for Na, seaberries (200.87 mg/kg, d.w.) \(>\) blackberries (30.40 mg/kg, d.w.)-cranberries (29.09 mg/kg, d.w.) \(>\) blueberries (22.99 mg/kg, d.w.) \(>\) raspberries (8.63 mg/kg, d.w.); for Mg, (blackberries (622.54 mg/kg, d.w.)-rasberries (617.80 mg/kg, d.w.) \(>\) seaberries (414.77 mg/kg, d.w.) \(>\) cranberries (409.08 mg/kg, d.w.) \(>\) blueberries (394.27 mg/kg, d.w.); for P, blackberries (2087.81 mg/kg, d.w.) \(>\) raspberries (1893.15 mg/kg, d.w.) \(>\) seaberries (1210.14 mg/kg, d.w.) \(>\) blueberries (999.32 mg/kg, d.w.) \(>\) cranberries (749.16 mg/kg, d.w.); and for Ca, blackberries (1092.44 mg/kg, d.w.) \(>\) raspberries (812.53 mg/kg, d.w.) \(>\) blueberries (718.28 mg/kg, d.w.) \(>\) cranberries (642.03 mg/kg, d.w.) \(>\) seaberries (245.50 mg/kg, d.w.). Figure 4: Box plots of statistically significant elements concentrations in investigated berries according to botanical origin. Among the investigated cultivated berries, seaberries samples contained the highest content of Na (122.21 mg/kg, d.w.), followed by blueberries (56.09 mg/kg, d.w.), raspberries (31.10 mg/kg, d.w.), blackberries (27.12 mg/kg, d.w.), and cranberries (14.67 mg/kg, d.w.).