## 4 Results and Discussion
### Mechanical Properties
#### 4.1.1 Static Tensile Strength
In both cases, any reinforcement improved the strength properties of the composite with respect to the reference sample. However, only in composite VE, an increase in \(\sigma_{\text{max}}\) was observed--VE \(<\) VE/BP \(<\) VE/BF \(<\) VE/BT. In contrast, the EP compositions exhibited the opposite tendency--EP \(<\) EP/BP \(>\) EP/BF \(>\) EP \(>\) BT. Worth noticing is the fact that both EP and VE compositions had practically similar \(\sigma_{\text{max}}\) values at 20 \({}^{\circ}\)C. The elongation of the materials at negative temperatures could have been affected by the affinity of the filling to the matrix, which might have been different in different sample points depending on the varying degree of the additive distribution within the polymer volume. This argument finds confirmation in very similar results for the BT-strengthened compositions at negative temperatures. The results presented in Figure 5 confirm high strength parameters of vinylester resin (VE) modified with basalt textile (BT). At a temperature of 80 \({}^{\circ}\)C the composites with both epoxy and vinylester resin exhibited a highly elastic or viscoelastic state with clearly dominant viscous properties. This is important since the elasticity moduli for plastics and polymeric materials in the highly elastic state are typically a few orders of magnitude lower than in the forced-elasticity state. Samples EP/BF, VE/BP and VE/BT were the only samples that preserved their mechanical properties at a higher temperature, which confirms a huge role of matching the reinforcement with a proper matrix. The maximum strength of sample EP/BF of around 180 MPa corresponds to a high elastic state, which may prevent these composites from applications in building constructions exposed to high ambient temperatures. In turn, vinylester materials had better properties at a high temperature. Despite maintaining good strength parameters, the elongation at the \(\sigma_{\text{max}}\) point underwent quite a dramatic change. The EP and VE composites became quite stiff and resistant to tensile deformation, which may suggest extra cross-linking of the system at an elevated temperature and an increase in the composition stiffness. [PERSON]'s E modulus (Figure 6) for individual compositions based on epoxy resin reinforcement in the form of basalt fibre--chopped or in the form of textile--at a temperature of 25 \({}^{\circ}\)C exceeded multiple times the moduli of the reference samples and those strengthened with basalt powder. The highest modulus was observed for the materials modified with basal textile (~21 GPa). This result suggests that the fibres situated within the resin were very well dampened (fibres supersaturated with resin) and gave the material properties of construction plastics. It should be noted, however, that the elasticity modulus is measured in the initial stage when the sample is still subject to elastic interactions. Reinforcement with fibre oriented both orthotropically in plane and isotropically in space can give an effect of substantial improvement of the mechanical resistance to tension, but this effect is only temporary within the range of weak tensile forces exerted on the composite. This may come as a result of better adhesion of powder to resin or a good strength of the powder itself at that temperature. Figure 4: Relation between \(\sigma_{\text{max}}\) and corresponding tensile deformation at maximum stress point (L at \(\sigma_{\text{max}}\)) for composites EP and VE reinforced with basalt powder (BP), basalt fibre (BF) and basalt textile (BT) based on the measurements at \(-20\)\({}^{\circ}\)C.  
The moduli recorded at \(-20\,^{\circ}\)C did not exceed 5 GPa in any of the samples tested. At low temperatures, the differences between the results were negligible. In turn, at an elevated temperature, surprisingly, only the EP/BF sample preserved its strength parameters.