## 3 Results and Discussion  
Regardless of turnip variety, CM-amended soil significantly (\(p\leq 0.05\)) increased the shoot, root, and plant weight (490, 303, and 793 g, respectively) compared to the yield obtained from inorganic fertilizers (422, 267, and 689 g, respectively) (Figure 2). CM is a natural, affordable, and locally available organic fertilizer that vegetable growers can obtain. The increased size along with the required periodic cleanup of several poultry farm operations on a timely basis would ensure sufficient supplies for crop needs. Poultry litter is made of raw poultry manure and bedding materials, such as sawdust wood shavings, grass cuttings, leaves, or rice hulls. This blend provides an excellent source of N, P, K, and S for growing plants. On the contrary, inorganic fertilizers are relatively costly and can potentially harm the environmental quality due to their uncontrolled release of N and P nutrients in surface water (eutrophication) following natural rainfall events. The properties of organic and inorganic fertilizers used in agricultural production systems differ considerably. Inorganic fertilizers are prepared to be rapidly released from the soil to grow plants, whereas nutrients in organic fertilizers, such as animal manures, are usually discharged in a slow-released process during which soil microorganisms break down complex forms of nutrients through mineralization. Producers seeking cost-effective N, P, and K nutrients source have found animal dung use as organic fertilizer a cost-effective way to meet their needs [30]. The poultry industry is growing, and poultry manure is available in increasing quantities. Compared to other livestock manures, poultry has relatively high dietary requirements for sulfur amino acids, methionine, and cysteine [31]. [PERSON] et al. [32] reported that due to the addition of sulfur (S) into hens' diets during industrial breeding operations, CM could be exploited in growing plants, such as onions, with health-promoting properties. Concentrations of dipropyl disulfide and dipropyl trisulfide were significantly higher (\(p\leq 0.05\)) in onion bulbs (_Allium cepa_ var. Super Star F1) of plants grown in soil amended with CM compared to SS and yard waste compost treatments. S absorbed from soil mixed with CM by plants enters the plant actively as sulfate ions (SO\({}_{2}\)\({}^{-4}\)). \({\rm{SO}_{2}}\)\({}^{-4}\) ions are transported to the leaves, where it can be stored in the cell vacuole or be reduced to sulfide and assimilated into cysteine in the chloroplast [33]. Cysteine is therefore either incorporated into plant proteins or used in the synthesis of methionine and glutathione [34] having health-promoting activity such as the anticarcinogenic properties of _Allium_ vegetables. Accordingly, CM can not only decrease dependence on synthetic inorganic fertilizers but also supports the production of healthy food. These findings support [35] and [36] who reported a positive correlation between GSLs (S-containing phytochemicals) and S fertilizer supply used in growing mustard, turnip, kale, and broccoli. On the other hand, one disadvantage of using CM in agricultural production systems is that large-scale chicken farms in the U.S. and worldwide are concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFO) that might have a million animals raised up in one capacity, which requires heavy use of antibiotics that can cause severe local air and water pollution. In these facilities, arsenic (As) in the form of roxarsone (4-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzeneacid) and arsenic acid (4-aminophenylarsonic acid) are added to the feed to eliminate parasites (cocidia) and increase hens' weight improvement. Arsenic is typically mixed with a hen's diet at 22.7-45.4 g per ton, or 0.0025-0.005% [37]. Roxarsone that passes through the bird's digestive system ends in its feces unchanged. Each broiler releases around 150 mg of roxasone during a period of 42-day growth [38; 39]. As is an environmental pollutant withsevere carcinogenic impacts on human beings [40].