## 1 Introduction
In contrast, inorganic working fluids like water and water-based mixtures are used in high-temperature applications and industrial thermal power plants. The preferred refrigerants for these cycles are selected based on the application's requirements, environmental conditions, and efficiency goals [8]. The working fluids used in RC can generally be classified into three categories: dry, isentropic, and wet. These terms are used based on various physical properties of the fluid. Dry fluid refers to the refrigerant in a completely vaporized state. In other words, if the fluid exists solely in the vapor phase and has no presence in the liquid phase, it is termed a dry fluid. Dry fluids are typically used in evaporator devices, where the refrigerant is entirely in the vapor phase [9]. For instance, dry fluids are commonly used in household cooling systems such as air conditioners and refrigerators. Dry fluids are also generally used in gas turbines. The term isentropic describes the condition where a fluid undergoes an isentropic process. An isentropic process is a process where entropy is kept constant. An isentropic fluid is a fluid in thermodynamic equilibrium, where its entropy is constant. Isentropic fluids are often used to model ideal conditions (e.g., the Brayton cycle in jet engines) [10]. They can also be used in steam engines. Wet fluids represent fluids that exist in both the liquid and vapor phases. In other words, it signifies a mixture state with some portion in the liquid phase and some in the vapor phase. Wet fluids often represent a situation observed in real engineering applications and systems [11]. For example, it could denote the state where liquid refrigerant begins to evaporate in an evaporator or where gas starts to condense in a compressor. Wet fluid systems are typically observed in extensive industrial cooling facilities, energy production plants, and large-scale air conditioning systems. Also, they are generally used in the liquefaction of gases (e.g., in cryogenic cooling systems). In recent years, academic studies on ORC systems have increased, turning a topic that was less explored into a significant research interest. [PERSON] and colleagues, for example, designed a new system using the ORC to recover waste heat generated during silicon production [12]. CFD analysis showed that this design increased energy efficiency by 64.14% and exergy efficiency by 72.13%. Their economic evaluation indicated that the system would pay for itself in approximately four years. They concluded that the ORC provides a significant advantage in recovering system waste heat. [PERSON] and team developed an energy integration scheme using the ORC to recover energy generated during the purification process of isopropanol-butanol-ethanol fermentation [13]. Their study showed a 100% reduction in low-pressure steam consumption and a 58.80% reduction in cooling water consumption using the ORC for energy optimization. They utilized R600a as the working fluid in their cycle. [PERSON] and colleagues proposed a new system for waste heat recovery in an internal combustion engine [14]. They conducted energy and exergy analyses for their system, evaluating configurations using both the Brayton cycle and ORC to generate power from the waste heat of a 470 \({}^{\circ}\)C engine. Their results indicated that the ORC was the most efficient system for waste heat recovery in internal combustion engines. [PERSON] and [PERSON] conducted a waste heat recovery calculation using an ORC-based system for a high-speed turbopump at a small scale [15]. Their experimental and numerical studies showed that using the ORC increased the turbo pump's efficiency by 30% and reduced the reverse flow ratio by 50%. They emphasized the usefulness of the ORC system in recovering waste heat from turbo pumps. [PERSON] and team investigated the integration of an ORC unit into an injector-assisted CO\({}_{2}\) cooling system with a standard discharge for compressors [16].