## 3 Materials and Methods  
The conclusions of this work are founded on a controlled experiment whereby website audit outcomes are compared. The quality audit was conducted with dedicated AI plugins and traditional free-to-use audit tools. The use of the conventional audit tools is referred to as'manual audit' throughout the article. The literature review has confirmed that researchers often compare AI tools and standard methods [1,2,6]. The author employed a cautious and conservative approach [9]. This concept is found throughout diverse domains, such as information security, psychology, and software testing. It involves the assumption that not all pieces of information, processes, or actions by other actors are entirely trustworthy, so additional precautions are necessary [46]. Software testers, for example, remain critical when evaluating a system despite any declarations of its functionality and performance [47]. The primary attributes of website and web application quality under the employed research design include performance, web accessibility, and compliance with SEO guidelines as per the literature (Table 3). The author created two AI plugins in ChatGPT-4o Plus for the experiment. The author is unaware of the functional details of the auditing tools under the employed research design. Moreover, the technical specification of the AI plugins is declarative because it was written by the LLM. Therefore, the experiment involves black-box tests. The black box is a software testing method whereby the tester (or auditor) evaluates system functionality based on its specification and perceived behaviour with no specific knowledge of its internal structure and algorithms [60]. In the case of the research design employed here, the black-box approach focuses on the 'input methods' (prompts) and outputs (LLM responses). Two author websites on information and computer technology were audited: (1) [[https://digitalheritage.pl](https://digitalheritage.pl)]([https://digitalheritage.pl](https://digitalheritage.pl)) (www1) and [[https://homeproject.pl](https://homeproject.pl)]([https://homeproject.pl](https://homeproject.pl)) (www2) (accessed on 4 February 2025). They were chosen because this way, no third-party consent was necessary for the research (the author holds the copyright on the websites), the author is very familiar with the websites and their technical attributes, and the websites make use of WordPress CMS, which is among the most popular content management systems globally [45]. Still, it \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Item** & **Quality Attribute** & **Example of Audit Tool** & **Reference** \\ \hline
1. & Performance & Google Lighthouse, PageSpeed Insights & [12,48,49] \\ \hline
2. & Web accessibility & WAVE, Utiltia validator & [6,15,50,51] \\ \hline
3. & Responsiveness (mobile friendliness) & GTmetrix, Mobile-Friendly Test (Bulk Testing Tool) & [15,52] \\ \hline
4. & SEO compliance & Google Lighthouse & [12,48] \\ \hline
5. & Content quality, text readability & [PERSON], Logios & [53,54] \\ \hline
6. & Position in the global online ecosystem; general quality & OpenPage Rank (OPR), Domain Authority, Page Authority, Domain Rating & [55] \\ \hline
7. & Code semantics and syntax, including meta tags & W3C Markup Validation Service, W3C CSS & [56,57] \\ \hline
8. & Hyperlink quality, link rot & Free Broken Link Checker, Dead Link Checker & [15,51,58] \\ \hline
9. & Functionality, usability & Functionality Assessment Checklist (FAC), System & [41,59] \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Primary quality attributes of websites and web applications under the research design. was not the websites themselves that were the object of investigation. They were a mere means to an end. The actual focus of the research was the AI plugins created in the ChatGPT ecosystem with specifications declared by the AI. The AI plugins were tested in the ChatGPT ecosystem (GPT-4o) in Google Chrome (ver. 132.0.6834.160). The test environment stability was ensured with a 500 Mbps broadband connection.