## 1 Introduction  
Large single buildings are the main locations for hosting important activities in large cities. They are a type of building that has single or multiple functions, such as sports, scientific research, administration, education, commerce, and exhibitions. Large single buildings are characterized by their large volume, strong functionality, and strong comprehensiveness. The construction and maintenance process of such building facilities is complex, and has an important impact on the safety of relevant personnel. At the same time, the densely populated and highly closed characteristics of such buildings bring great challenges to their safe operation and maintenance management. To ensure the safe operation of large single buildings [1], it is necessary not only to maintain the management and operation of the building, but also to control the external climate environment of the building, that is, the wind field and thermal field inside and outside the building [2]. The impact of wind/thermal fields on large single buildings is one of the most important factors that must be considered in architecture and urban planning. Wind field analysis can help engineers to evaluate the structural stability of large single buildings under strong wind or hurricane conditions [3], ensure their structural safety and stability, and avoid related risks and accidents during the building planning and design stage. For building layout planning and design, by studying the spatiotemporal characteristics of its wind field, the shape and arrangement of the building can be optimized [4], thereby reducing wind loads [5], planning urban ventilation corridors [6], optimizing the wind and heat environment of the urban space, and reducing the occurrence of extreme weather [7]. For the setting of urban greening, wind and thermal field analysis can optimize the layout of green space [8] and help in arranging trees reasonably, thereby reducing the urban temperature, improving the outdoor thermal comfort of humans [9], and alleviating the heat island effect. The study of indoor and outdoor wind field characteristics of large sports venues is crucial for the design, construction, use, and maintenance of buildings, as well as for the comfort, safety, and competition results of athletes. For example, studying the optimization of natural ventilation [10] can reduce a building's dependence on mechanical ventilation systems and optimize energy efficiency. When considering an emergency such as a fire, understanding the impact of wind direction and speed on smoke diffusion [11] can help in the design of effective emergency evacuation routes and safe exit layouts. By analyzing the wind field inside and outside the building, internal ventilation conditions can be optimized, and athletes can even be helped to avoid climatic conditions that have a negative impact on their athletic performance. There are usually two methods to obtain the indoor and outdoor wind and heat field distribution of a single building or a group of buildings, namely, meteorological data collection and numerical simulation analysis. The sources of meteorological data collection [12] include meteorological station data, satellite remote sensing data, and drone data. Meteorological station data are historical and real-time meteorological data obtained from local meteorological stations or meteorological departments. Satellite remote sensing data can provide meteorological information in a wide range. Drone data acquisition uses drones to collect more detailed meteorological data, such as wind speed, temperature, and humidity. The main numerical simulation analysis methods include CFD simulation and atmospheric model simulation. Atmospheric model simulation uses atmospheric numerical models to perform meteorological simulations, such as the WRF (Weather Research and Forecasting) model [13], to obtain large-scale outdoor wind and thermal field information.