## 5 Conclusions  
A systematic comparison of four glass/epoxy laminate architectures--(i) virgin, (ii) PE-modified, (iii) nanofiber-interleaved, and (iv) hybrid--demonstrated that the simultaneous incorporation of a thermoplastic healing agent and an electrospun nanofiber mat provided a balanced impact performance along with acceptable thermal self-recovery.  
The virgin specimens exhibited a substantial strength loss of up to 30% upon re-impact. The incorporation of polyethylene reduced this loss to 20%, while the inclusion of nanofibers further limited it to 15%. Notably, the hybrid configuration demonstrated the highest damage tolerance, retaining most of its initial strength with only a 4% reduction. These results indicate a significant enhancement in structural resilience achieved through material modification.  
Thermal healing efficiency (150 \({}^{\circ}\)C, 30 min): After conditioning, peak force changed by \(-\)30% for virgin, +25% for PE-modified, \(-\)8% for nanofiber-interleaved, and +17% for hybrid laminates. PE alone contributed to crack filling, but its effect was magnified when the nanofiber mat facilitated continuous flow pathways.  
Energy absorption: The untreated virgin specimens exhibited low toughness. In contrast, the modified systems demonstrated improved performance. Energy absorption increased by 9% in the nanofiber-interleaved specimens, while it decreased by 3% in the PE-modified and 3% in the hybrid specimens. Upon thermal treatment, all modified groups (N, P, H) absorbed more energy than their untreated counterparts, with increases of 9%, 8%, and 17% for the PAN-interleaved, PE-modified, and hybrid specimens, respectively.  
Force-profile morphology: High-frequency oscillations in virgin, nanofiber-interleaved, and PE-modified laminates revealed brittle, segmental failures; multi-peak behavior in nanofiber specimens indicated staged crack capture. In contrast, the smooth, bell-shaped force curves of the hybrid laminates confirmed cohesive load transfer and stable energy dissipation. With the lowest permanent indentation and with better initial damage resistance, hybrid specimens performed better, indicating a better stiffness-to-toughness balance.  
Overall, the revised data reinforced the conclusion that hybrid composites outperformed single-modifier systems: polyethylene served as a mobile, thermoplastic healing agent, while electrospun PAN nanofibers offered a continuous, mechanically robust interleaf that not only retarded crack propagation but also channeled molten PE during thermal activation. This synergy produced a laminate that not only withstood the highest impact loads at the smallest deflections but also demonstrated authentic, application-ready self-healing under a modest 150 \({}^{\circ}\)C, 30 min thermal cycle and showed strong potential for reuse in lightweight composite structures exposed to accidental impacts.  
Conceptualization, methodology, software, validation, formal analysis, investigation, data curation, writing--original draft preparation, writing--review and editing, M.Y. and A.Y.; visualization, supervision, writing--review and editing, M.Y. and A.Y. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
This research received no external funding.  
Not applicable.  
Data Availability Statement: The original contributions presented in this study are included in the article. Further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding author.  
The authors declare no conflicts of interest.