## 2 Related Works and Overview
### Internet of Things (IoT)  
IoT is an area of computing that involves from the development of microcontrolled technologies that can turn on and off actuators and read sensor values [97]. In addition, it is a technology that promotes communication between these devices, enabling them to exchange messages between them and servers that will store, process and interact with web systems and mobile applications [98]. However, IoT is a candidate technology to promote efficient and low cost communication between devices within homes with managers, as well as machines with robots, products with boxes, houses between homes, buildings between buildings and with the EPC [99]. Thus, equipping the SMs with IoT technologies capable of communicating by different types of technologies, protocols and communication topologies, the essential is to have security, privacy and data flow is fast and effective, i.e., without congestion in the communication infrastructure due to the amount of devices in this network [100]. Thus, it is extremely important to study and compare the main IoT technologies whether wired or wireless that are available for use, and fit the DSM scenario. Is the PLC, as previously mentioned is a communication technology that allows sending data through the same power cables [101]. The PLC has some advantages, among them is that if implemented in the city, will be built a broad new communication infrastructure promoting the opportunity for physical disconnection according to other networks and lower operating and maintenance costs. However, the PLC has some disadvantages such as higher signal losses and channel interference because the infrastructure is via cable and in the same physical structure passes data and energy, disruptive effects caused by appliances and other electromagnetic interference, difficult to transmit higher bit rates and complex routing. In addition, it is worth mentioning the high cost to build this new physical infrastructure throughout the city. Another means of communication that can be used to provide this communication infrastructure for SGs, is the wired communication via fiber optic cable [102]. Optical fibers are flexible filaments made of fiberglass or plastic materials. This cable is thinner than a hair but can be several kilometers long. This communication is usually used for several applications, with data transmission being one of the most common. Among its main advantages are long distance communications, ultra high bandwidth, and robustness against electromagnetic and radio interference. Besides wired technologies, other IoT technologies that have been gaining a lot of space to provide this communication infrastructure for SG are the Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) technologies. Among the WSN technologies, the Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN) stands out, which are technologies that can reach up to 200 m of distance, but were made for private networks, that is, to be implemented inside SHs, industries, hospitals, buildings, condomiumiums and among other scenarios, but not in the outdoor scenario, that is, in AMI in fact. For this technology, ZigBee has been studied for the development of various devices capable of performing some of the main DSM services such as home automation, sensor reading and actuator control [103; 104]. Still in the scenario of short range and high data rate, is the Wireless Fidelity (WiFi), one of the technologies that is already present in virtually every location in the city, whether inside homes, condomiums, shopping and buildings, even public spaces such as squares, tourist attractions and avenues [105]. Like WPAN technologies, WiFi is also widely used for low-range applications to promote DSM services through low-range infrastructure, high energy costs and high data rates. However, WPAN is a low bandwidth technology and has limitations in bandwidth and packet size for building large networks, while WiFi has limitations such as high interference spectrum, too high power consumption of any SG device and simple QoS support.