# Metal and Pesticide Assessments of Imported and Locally Cultivated Rice (_Oryza sativa_) in Senegal
## 3 Results
### Local and Imported Rice  
Table 1 represents the concentrations of heavy metals content in local rice by targeting As, Cd, Pb, Al, Cu, Cr, Mo, and Ni.  
The average metal contents (Al, As, Cd, Pb), the micronutrient B in local and imported rice, and the nutritional composition in percent are reported in Table 2.  
K was the most abundant mineral component in all Local and imported rice with a range of 560.05 to 1012.07 mg/kg.  
Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) of Metals  
Acceptable daily intake is an important consideration in assessing potential health risks associated with certain substances. In this study where the elemental concentration of toxic metals was determined, it helps to determine whether an individual's level of exposure is within safe limits or exceeds acceptable levels, which can be used to inform risk management decisions and public health guidelines.  
In Table 3, we summarized the calculation of the ADI based on the rice consumption in Senegal for an adult person of around 60 kg.  
ADI (mg/kg/Day) = (Concentration of element \(\times\) Consumption)/Weight body.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c c} \hline \hline \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Rice Brand**} & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**Metal Contents**} \\  & **As** & **Cd** & **Pb** & **Al** & **B** \\ \hline CASL & \(<\)LoD * & 0.13 & 1.55 & 50.44 & 2.90 \\ Salam & \(<\)LoD * & 0.07 & 0.75 & 4.92 & 2.46 \\ Terral Entier & 0.24 & 0.07 & 2.01 & 9.44 & 1.94 \\ Coumba & \(<\)LoD * & 0.07 & \(<\)LoD *** & 7.01 & 1.31 \\ Royal Senegal & \(<\)LoD * & \(<\)LoD ** & 2.22 & 5.28 & 1.74 \\ Thiebou Walo & \(<\)LoD * & 0.14 & 1.11 & 2.43 & 0.35 \\ Karolina & \(<\)LoD * & 0.07 & 1.31 & 3.04 & \(<\)LoD *** \\ GIE Mbodj and Freres & 0.24 & 0.07 & 0.89 & 2.13 & \(<\)LoD *** \\ Thiossane & 0.05 & 0.07 & 0.63 & 1.18 & \(<\)LoD *** \\ Rixel & 0.43 & 0.07 & 0.14 & 7.14 & \(<\)LoD *** \\ Terral Brise & \(<\)LoD * & 0.07 & \(<\)LoD *** & 2.58 & \(<\)LoD *** \\ Royal Senegal Maison & \(<\)LoD * & 0.07 & \(<\)LoD *** & 4.74 & \(<\)LoD *** \\ Riz In Field \#1 & \(<\)LoD * & \(<\)LoD ** & 0.28 & 17.84 & 2.20 \\ Riz In Field \#2 & \(<\)LoD * & \(<\)LoD ** & 0.21 & 6.86 & \(<\)LoD *** \\ Riz In Field \#3 & \(<\)LoD * & \(<\)LoD ** & 0.76 & 4.96 & 2.48 \\ Riz In Field \#4 & \(<\)LoD * & \(<\)LoD ** & 1.68 & 3.57 & 3.36 \\ Average & 0.24 & 0.08 & 0.85 & 8.35 & 1.17 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 1: Metal contents in local rice based on dry mass (mg/kg).  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Parameters**} & **Senegal** & **India** & **China** & **South** & & & \\  & & & & **America** & **Vietnam** & **Thailand** & **Skewness** & **Kurtosis** \\ \hline Al & 8.351 & 95.541 & 5.411 & 6.441 & 2.222 & 2.673 & 3.347334 & 11.977796 \\ Pb & 0.846 & 1.165 & 0.685 & 0.858 & 1.006 & 0.635 & 0.494440 & \(-\)0.934050 \\ Cd & 0.080 & 0.082 & 0.002 & 0.069 & 0.035 & 0.069 & 0.217715 & \(-\)0.792027 \\ As & 0.241 & 0.438 & 0.142 & 0.240 & 0.240 & 0.047 & 2.177704 & 4.112999 \\ B & 1.172 & 0.659 & 0.098 & 0.269 & 1.669 & 0.098 & 0.389291 & \(-\)1.554029 \\ K & 831.059 & 1012.069 & 957.799 & 910.409 & 560.039 & 655.898 & \(-\)1.814071 & 4.909803 \\ Protein (\%) & 7.31 & 7.32 & 6.42 & 7.51 & 7.09 & 6.82 & 1.005622 & 2.311697 \\ Fat (\%) & 0.60 & 0.59 & 0.45 & 0.3 & 0.22 & 0.67 & \(-\)0.130692 & \(-\)1.379063 \\ Humidity (\%) & 12.76 & 12.26 & 12.73 & 11.12 & 12.95 & 11.36 & \(-\)0.590698 & 1.910566 \\ Ash (\%) & 0.44 & 0.43 & 0.39 & 0.48 & 0.23 & 0.42 & \(-\)0.290591 & \(-\)0.532768 \\ Total & 79.12 & 79.35 & 79.97 & 80.23 & 79.50 & 80.82 & 0.038100 & 0.035373 \\ Carbohydrate (\%) & & & & & & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 2: Average metal contents in local and imported rice on dry mass (mg/kg) with proximate composition value.