## 1 Introduction
In addition to that, they provided an insight into the use of conformal cooling channels to provide a uniform cooling and reduce the cycle time for the injection molding process. U-shaped milled groove conformal channels were presented, and an optimization process was also proposed to obtain an optimal configuration of the conformal channels [PERSON] et al. (2013). The comparative effect of conventional, series, parallel, and additive parallel cooling channels was studied by [PERSON] et al. in 2014 with respect to cooling time, total cycle time, volumetric shrinkage, and temperature variance using AMI software [PERSON] et al. (2013). In another study, [PERSON] et al. pointed out the effect of limescale on cooling efficiency, also in the cases of conformal cooling channels [PERSON] et al. (2014). [PERSON] et al. presented an automatic method for designing conformal cooling circuits by establishing a relationship between the conformal cooling and the shape of the plastic body [PERSON] et al. (2013). [PERSON] et al. established a higher degree of freedom in the design of conformal cooling channels with the application of additive manufacturing and concentrate on a branching law principle to improve the cooling efficiency in injection molds [PERSON] et al. (2013). To create the design of conformal cooling channels, they used the Voronoi diagram algorithm and the binary branching algorithm. A similar technique was also adopted by [PERSON] and [PERSON]. They designed cooling channels for individual surfaces, and then combined them to form an overall conformal cooling channel system for the entire part [PERSON] and [PERSON] (2014). Two years later, they designed conformal cooling channels for an automotive part using the algorithm that they provided in their previous work. In that study, they conducted an optimization to minimize the cooling time with boundaries ensuring a realistic design for the cooling system [PERSON] et al. (2013). [PERSON] et al. introduced an approach to generate spiral channels for conformal cooling. Using boundary distance maps, their algorithm could generate evenly distributed spiral channels in the injection mold [PERSON] et al. (2013). In 2011, a design methodology called visibility-based cooling channel generation was presented by [PERSON] and [PERSON] for an automatic preliminary cooling channel design. This was more of a geometric and theoretical method, rather than intended for a practical scenario [PERSON] et al. (2013). Subsequently, this research group provided a cooling channel distance modification based on adjustments to the direction and amount in 2014. Also, a simulation technique using MoldFlow Plastic Insight software was adopted to demonstrate the feasibility of their proposed method [PERSON] et al. (2013). [PERSON] et al. proposed a new methodology called \"Morpho Cooling\" for the design of cooing channels in the injection mold. This method provided better results in cooling in terms of the higher uniformity of temperature distribution and lesser part warpage [PERSON] et al. (2013). It is evident that there have been a lot of studies about the analysis of conformal cooling channels, yet, the number of studies dedicated to the design parameters of conformal channels for various kinds of part designs is very limited. In the mold and tooling industry, most of the designs are done based on the designers' experiences. Also, any kind of mix and match between the design parameters, cross-section size, and respective experimental analyses is pretty rare, according to the author's knowledge. Yet, some preliminary information could be gathered from the literature that act as a basis for further research on this project. For example, a simple relationship between four parameters for the design of conformal cooling channels using additive manufacturing is found from [PERSON] [36]. The data is adapted from their study, and this relationship is shown in Table 1. Some studies show that the use of different cross-sections for channels other than circular might provide better cooling efficiency.