## 1 Introduction
### Literature Review  
Regarding the operation and planning of the distribution system, numerous studies have been carried out, which are summarized and reviewed as follows. Electric vehicle (EV) parking lots energy management has been discussed [6] so that the operation of parking lots that transact energy among themselves and with the distribution network is properly scheduled and the profit gained by parking lots is increased. To route and schedule storage equipment, a new restoration strategy has been adopted [7] with the aim of reaching acceptable response of the system in the case of severe events. This model was structured in the form of a stochastic problem subject to some constraints. In an attempt to obtain a resilient network when encountering natural disasters, one study [8] incorporated a two-objective linearized resilient structure according to the scheduling of storage system, tie lines, and backup DGs. The authors in [9] optimally planned DGs and distribution automation so that the reliability and operating indicators of the distribution system are enhanced significantly. Automatic voltage control and VAr control besides automatic fault clearance management equipment are involved in the automation infrastructure. The paper also forms an objective function to find the minimum amount of sum of predicted cost of investment, operation, power loss, and reliability. Ref. [10] uses adaptive robust optimization to provide optimal planning of active distribution networks that consist of renewables and flexibility devices such as EV parking lots. Planning of DGs in a probabilistic manner subject to a securable-reliable operation strategy has also been discussed [11]. The authors established the planning scheme in the form of an optimization problem that consists of four different objective functions. The aim is to provide a suitable model for different indicators of the system. Microgrids' energy management has also been discussed [12] when active/reactive power sources are present in the system along with active demand so that various operation indicators including operating, reliability, pollutants, and economic situation of the system are enhanced at the same time. An optimization problem has been structured to this aim, which includes four objective functions to find the optimal values of expected operating cost, pollution amount, energy not supplied, and voltage variation. To enhance reliability of DGs, provide green energy supply, and reach optimal operating status of micro-grids (MGs), one study [13] deals with the MGs operation that relies on energy management strategies. The same is implemented in [14] but its focus is on microgrids and DGs, in which thermal block and the combined heat and power system (CHP) help meet the demand. The total cost, power loss, and voltage deviation related to the microgrid are minimized using the suggested approach. Ref. [15] manages an active distribution system containing virtual power plants that include renewables, storage devices, and EVs parking lots. In [16], DGs and Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESSs) are used simultaneously to improve the reliability of distribution networks. To solve the optimization problem, the Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithm based on Decomposition (MOEA/D) is used to reduce the energy not supplied (ENS) in the 30 and 69-bus distribution networks. The objective functions used in the proposed algorithm include minimization of ENS, reduction of load losses, reduction of load cost, and reduction of voltage drop in the network. In [17], optimal location and sizing of the flexi-renewable virtual power plants (FRVPs) in the smart distribution network are targeted through proposing a bi-level optimization problem. In the upper-level formulation, the normalized summation of the network's voltage deviation function and annual operation cost is minimized, and it is limited to AC optimal power flow equations.