###### Abstract
The coupled effect of these two environmental factors poses a serious threat to the durability and safety of concrete structures [5]. Therefore, studying the corrosive effects of stray currents and chlorides on reinforced concrete structures is of significant importance. In practical engineering, corrosion inhibitors are widely applied as an economical and effective anti-corrosion measure. Their primary function is to suppress the bipolar reactions of metal electrochemical corrosion. Specifically, the inhibiting components react on the metal surface to form an adsorption film. This film elevates the corrosion potential or increases charge transfer resistance [6], thereby mitigating corrosion effects under stray current and chloride ion attack. Currently, environmentally friendly corrosion inhibitors are a research focus in this field. Corrosion inhibitors based on plant extracts [7; 8] have significant potential for application. Academic reports have identified several plants with notable corrosion inhibition effects. These include perilla [9], Spartina alterniflora [10], orange peel [11], green tea [12] and so on. Ref. [9] introduced a plant-based corrosion inhibitor extracted from perilla seeds. They employed HPLC-MS, FT-IR, XPS, and chemical computation methods. The results  
Figure 1: Chloride ion erosion on steel bars. indicated the presence of two effective components in perilla seeds: luteolin and apigenin. The adsorption behavior conformed to Langmuir adsorption theory. The adsorption free energy was \(-22.7\) kJ/mol. A higher absolute value of adsorption energy correlates with better corrosion inhibition effects. [PERSON] et al. compared the corrosion inhibition effects of green tea extract and standard commercial Ca(NO\({}_{2}\))\({}_{2}\) inhibitor [13] on reinforced concrete in mortar. At equivalent concentrations, both showed similar steel corrosion inhibition efficacy. In electrochemical tests, changes in the anodic and cathodic slopes of steel, within a corrosion cell, proved green tea extract to be a composite inhibitor. It formed a protective layer on the steel surface, enhancing its polarization resistance. _Xanthium shiricum_ is a novel, environmentally friendly plant-based corrosion inhibitor that has received limited academic attention. _Xanthium sibiricum_, as the fruit of a common wild plant, is mainly distributed in China and some other Asian countries and regions, making it widely available and easy to obtain. Its surface is covered with stiff, hooked bristles, and the color is generally brown. It is relatively hard in texture, and due to the presence of the bristles, the surface has an irregular texture. From a chemical perspective, it contains various alkaloids and flavonoids, which have antioxidant properties [14]. The 1,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid it contains is considered a potential corrosion inhibitor component. While research findings on biomass corrosion inhibitors are abundant, most studies remain focused on evaluating corrosion inhibition efficiency and investigating the mechanisms of action, with less emphasis on the practical engineering applications of biomass corrosion inhibitors. There is also limited consideration of the impact of corrosion inhibitors on the durability of concrete structures when they are incorporated. On the other hand, current research on the corrosion of reinforced concrete primarily concentrates on single ion or multi-ion exposure environments, with less attention given to studies of corrosion resistance and the exploration of chloride ion transport mechanisms under the combined effects of stray currents and high chloride salt environments. Therefore, this study first employed the natural potential method [15], corrosion area [16] and steel weight loss method [17], and linear polarization method [18] to verify the inhibitory effect of _Xanthium sibiricum_ on steel in chloride-containing concrete.