# The Impact of 6G-IoT Technologies on the Development of Agriculture 5.0: A Review
## 5 Conclusions: Meeting the Challenges of the Future with 6G-IoT  
The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) collaborate on agricultural issues to provide analysis and policy recommendations to encourage equitable and sustainable agricultural growth. The OECD-FAO Agricultural Outlook report [135; 136], which is produced by the two organizations jointly, is a resource for decision-makers, academics, and other stakeholders in the agriculture and food sectors. Population and income growth, urbanization, and dietary shifts are expected to continue fueling the global demand for agricultural products, as indicated by this report. To address the challenges facing global agriculture and food systems, it is recommended to increase investment in agricultural research and development to improve productivity, promote sustainable agriculture practices, improve access to credit and insurance for smallholder farmers, invest in rural infrastructure, and promote trade policies that support sustainable and inclusive agriculture [135]. Therefore, based on these projections and recommendations, as well as our previous analysis of the future of agriculture, a new and demanding landscape is progressively emerging in which Agriculture 5.0 can provide adequate technological solutions to the issues that have been identified by OECD-FAO. As we previously analyzed, the current generation of smart agricultural applications, which rely on a relatively small number of wireless sensors, have limitations in termsof accuracy and effectiveness. However, the development of 6G-IoT communication technologies can be the base on which the future of smart and sustainable agriculture can be built, as shown in Figure 6.  
6G-IoT technology will allow for the connection of a vast number of sensors, enabling farmers to collect more detailed information on a plant-by-plant basis. Quantum sensing technology, which can detect even the slightest changes in an agricultural system, will also contribute to this objective. With the use of blockchain technology, all sensor measurements can be recorded on a tamper-resistant, decentralized ledger, enabling secure, transparent, and reliable record-keeping. AI-based technologies, such as machine learning algorithms, can efficiently process and analyze the collected data to extract valuable insights, patterns, and trends. In addition to enhanced sensing accuracy and reliability, the transformation of farming with collaborative robotic systems is another key aspect of smart agriculture. These AI-based robots will perform a variety of tasks, such as identifying patterns of anomalies and diseases and administering treatments to preserve the health and quality of plants. Future agricultural collaborative robotic systems will rely on umMTC and eRLLC 6G services, which will enable autonomous machinery to operate safely and efficiently in the field, thereby reducing labor costs and increasing productivity. Finally, the use of 6G-IoT technology can enable precision agriculture in extremely remote locations. The advent of 6G VLEO satellite mega-constellations will provide dense satellite swarms that will cover even the most remote areas and provide low signal path loss and reduced communication latency. In terrestrial networks, RIS technology could be used to enhance wireless backbone networks, and UAVs could be used as relays or even mobile wireless access points when part of the terrestrial network has been compromised. In conclusion, the use of 6G-IoT technology will revolutionize smart agriculture by providing accurate data collection, advanced robotics, and precision agriculture in remote locations, making agriculture more efficient, sustainable, and cost-effective. Investigation, S.P. ([PERSON]), S.P. ([PERSON]) and D.N.S. ; Writing--original draft, S.P. ([PERSON]), [PERSON] and D.N.S. ; Writing--review & editing, D.N.S., G.K. and C.S. ; Supervision, D.N.S., G.K. and C.S.