## 3 Proposed Methodology
### Data Transmission
In this paper, we introduced the IEDA-HGEO algorithm, an improved energy-efficient data collection method for hexagonal grid structures in wireless sensor networks. Here, we use a grid structure with multi-hop routing as a data transmission mechanism and use energy, distance, and end-to-end delay as factors to find the next hop. With reference to energy consumption, throughput, PDR, and delay, our suggested method was thoroughly compared to two other well-known routing methods, the ERP2R and EGRC. Simulation results demonstrated that our technique performed better than previous algorithms as well as successfully extended network lifetime. Proposed method achieved the following metrics: delay 41%, energy consumption 48%, efficiency 95%, throughput 95%, and PDR 92%. Conceptualization, S.J., R.R., T.P.A., and G.C. ; methodology, S.J., R.R., T.P.A., and G.C. ; software, R.R. and G.C. ; validation, N.D. and G.C. ; analysis, S.J., R.R., T.P.A., and G.C. ; investigation, G.C. and N.D.; resources, N.D.; data curation, S.J., R.R., T.P.A., and G.C. ; writing--original draft preparation, S.J., R.R., T.P.A., and G.C. ; writing--review and editing, G.C and N.D.; visualization, S.J., R.R., T.P.A., and G.C. ; supervision, N.D.; project administration, N.D.; funding acquisition, G.C., and N.D. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. Figure 6: Parametric comparison between proposed and existing techniques. **Funding:** This work has been supported by project TRANSACT funded under H2020-EU.2.1.1.--INDUSTRIAL LEADERSHIP--Leadership in enabling and industrial technologies--Information and Communication Technologies (grant agreement ID: 101007260). **Data Availability Statement:** Data will be shared for review based on the editorial reviewer's request. **Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest. ## References

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