# Applying Topological Information for Routing Commercial Vehicles Around Traffic Congestion
## 2 Materials and Methods  
Geographical information system (GIS) technology contributes to notable strength in transportation modeling. The use of GIS accelerates the practical and portable collection, updating, and encoding of spatial data. In addition, the GIS system enhances model compatibility, database management and updating, and the visualization of model performance, significantly improving the functionality of the transportation model as a decision support system (DSS) in transportation planning and policymaking. Rerouting strategies have been broadly assessed in many studies [8; 9; 10; 11; 12]. The authors in [12] developed a microscopic traffic simulation model using the corridor simulation (CORSIM) traffic microsimulation model CORridor SIMULATION (CORSIM) software package ([[https://mctrans-wordpress-prd-app.azurewebsites.net/zh/tsis-corsim/](https://mctrans-wordpress-prd-app.azurewebsites.net/zh/tsis-corsim/)]([https://mctrans-wordpress-prd-app.azurewebsites.net/zh/tsis-corsim/](https://mctrans-wordpress-prd-app.azurewebsites.net/zh/tsis-corsim/)) accessed on 12 August 2024) to evaluate various traffic diversion strategies. The researchers examined incident scenarios of different severities and durations, and they conducted a signal-time optimization plan along the proposed alternate route. The authors found that, while traffic diversion might reduce travel time on the freeways, it can increase delays on the detour route by 64%. They concluded that the inclusion of ramps and weaving sections with sufficient capacity to accommodate diverted traffic is crucial. The authors in [9] utilized a CORSIM simulation model to examine signal timing for preplanned diversion routes during an incident. They stressed the importance of testing signal-timing plans for alternate routes to relieve bottlenecks and reduce network delays. They used real-time data and a historical traffic database to develop a real-time route diversion management system that was able to identify optimal route diversions. A review of 277 articles related to the vehicle routing problem (VRP) published between 2009 and 2015 that included detailed characterization of the VRP was presented in the [13]. Classification taxonomy for this study was adopted from [14]. The authors presented a VRP classification table that researchers can use as a tool to find relevant literature. This table allows for the analysis of the most popular VRP characteristics. Dynamic traffic rerouting (DTR) forms a substantial part of the Advanced Transportation Management System (ATMS) and intelligent transport systems (ITSs). Several studies have examined DTR and have considered how its application can enhance the effectiveness of traffic management systems. Most of the studies noted above were dedicated to discovering alternative routes and assessing the impact of traffic information on roadway users. The author in [15], stated that DTR from congested road segments to alternative routes remains limited. The authors presented and explained all the steps of DTR using a conceptual diagram. They determined a traffic flow threshold condition that can be used as a start for DTR. The authors in [16] developed microscopic simulation models using traffic simulation model (TransModeler, [PERSON] 2014) TransModeler software to simulate eight diversion locations along highway I-40. Their study assessed the impact of different ATMS technologies on en-route diversion and investigated the delay decrease and cost savings for both passenger vehicles and trucks. The authors considered lane blockage, CAVs, incident duration, incident information availability, number of intersections, and average annual daily traffic (AADT) as their simulation model parameters. They confirmed that few studies had investigated truck en-route diversion using a nonrecurrent large-scale incident scenario on the freeways together with CAV technology. They also suggested that truck and passenger vehicle operation should be modeled separately.