## 1 Introduction  
Concrete is the most commonly used building material in engineering construction. However, the interface transition area between the cement slurry and aggregate is weak, which can easily become the trigger point for micro-cracks. This characteristic makes concrete materials highly brittle and prone to damage when subjected to loads or impacts. [PERSON] et al. [1] optimized the interfacial performance of fiber and matrix and invented engineered cementitious composites (ECCs) with a strain rate of up to 2%. Due to its superior engineering performance, the ECC has been applied in many projects [2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]. At present, many scholars have conducted research on the ratio design of ECCs and proposed using a variety of auxiliary cementitious materials such as fly ash, silica fume, slag, rice husk ash, wood ash, and recycled micropowder to prepare ECCs. These studies have found that the use of auxiliary gelling materials can increase the degree of hydration of the matrix, enhance the density of the ECC structure, and enhance the various parameters of ECCs while reducing the amount of cement [9; 10; 11; 12; 13]. It is found that the corrosion of sulfate on a concrete structure is the most critical factor affecting its service life [14]. With the development of industry, the emission of sulfur dioxide increases, making the sulfate exist in rainwater, groundwater, and soil, which makes concrete materials vulnerable to sulfate corrosion. Sulfates will react with hydrated products, promoting the formation of expansive products, resulting in the water absorption, cracking, and damage of local structures inside the concrete substrate, thereby accelerating and reducing the transmission of chloride ions and other harmful substances inside the concrete and ultimately significantly reducing the durability of concrete [15; 16; 17]. In addition, the amount of gelling material in the ECC material system is very high, which makes the matrix contain a lot of calcium, making the structure of the ECC more easily corroded by sulfate. The cost of an ECC is 5-10 times that of ordinary concrete. Under the premise of superior performance, its durability should also be guaranteed to extend its useful life. It can be seen that it is necessary to explore the sulfate corrosion resistance of ECCs and propose efficient and environmentally friendly enhancement solutions. In recent years, research on nanomaterials in civil engineering materials has attracted much attention. Research by [PERSON] et al. [18] found that graphene oxide (GO) can significantly improve the mechanical properties, reduce the drying shrinkage and sulfate erosion of ECCs [19], and significantly improve the impact resistance, elastic modulus, and Poisson ratio of ECCs. [PERSON] et al. [20] used carbon nanotubes to enhance the durability of concrete and conducted freeze-thaw cycle tests on the samples under different salt corrosion. The results show that after 1500 salt freezing cycles, the concrete mass loss is not large, and the microstructure remains relatively dense. Research by [PERSON] et al. [21] found that nanomaterials such as SiO\({}_{2}\), Al\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{3}\), and TiO\({}_{2}\) play an important role in improving the performance of cement-based materials. In summary, it can be seen that the research direction of nano-enhanced ECC performance is feasible. However, the preparation process of these carbon nanomaterials is complicated, and the preparation time is long, which leads to high production costs. Concrete is a high-consumption building material, and the high cost of carbon nanomaterials limits their application in engineering. Cellulose nanocrystals (CNs) are environmentally sustainable nanomaterials derived from agricultural solid waste [22]. Their preparation only needs two steps of crushing and hydrolysis, and the preparation cost is much lower than graphene oxide [23].