## 1 Introduction
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**NO.** & **Disease** & **References** \\ \hline
1 & [PERSON]’s disease & [7] \\
2 & Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) & [8] \\
3 & Anorexia & [7,9] \\
4 & Cancer & [8,10] \\
5 & Chronic spasticity & [11] \\
7 & [PERSON]’s disease & [8] \\
8 & Cutaneous treatment (dermatitis, Sebum’s excess \& acne, epidermolysis bullosa, Kaposi \\
8 & sarcoma, metastatic melanoma) & [7] \\
9 & Epilepsy & [8,9,11,12] \\
10 & Glaucoma & [7,9,13] \\
11 & HIV & [8,11] \\
12 & [PERSON] disease & [11] \\
13 & Infectious Diseases & [7] \\
14 & Inflammation & [8,9,11,13] \\
15 & Inflammatory bowel syndrome (IBS) & [8] \\
16 & Insomnia & [7,11,14] \\
17 & Ischemic stroke & [8,15] \\
18 & Malaria & [15] \\
19 & Multiple sclerosis & [7–9,11,13] \\
20 & Nausea and vomiting & [7–9,11,14] \\
21 & Anxiety disorders and obsessive-compulsive disorders & [8] \\
22 & Osteoarthritis & [16] \\
23 & Pain & [7–9,11,13] \\
24 & [PERSON]’s disease & [7,8] \\
25 & Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) & [7] \\
26 & Tourette’s Syndrome & [7,11] \\
27 & Uremic pruritus & [14] \\
28 & Respiratory diseases: airflow obstruction, bronchitis, airway injury & [13,17] \\ \hline \hline \multicolumn{3}{c}{**(B)**} \\ \hline
**NO.** & **Disease** & **References** \\ \hline
1 & Impairment of brain development of fetus and adolescence, impaired brain connectivity, & [8,9,11,13] \\
2 & cognitive and motor functions, learning ability, and memory & [8,9,11,13] \\
2 & Psychiatric comorbidities: depression, anxiety, dysphoria, delusions, bipolar disorder & [9,11,13] \\
3 & Schizophrenia: hallucinations, paranoia, and disorganized thinking & [8,9,11,17] \\
4 & _Cannabis_ use disorders and withdrawal symptoms: dizziness, dry mouth, somnolence, & [9,10,14] \\  & and confusion; restless, irritability, mild agitation, insomnia, nausea, and cramping & [18] \\
5 & Cannabinoid hypereresis syndrome: nausea, vomiting, and dehydration & [8,11,13] \\
6 & Addiction/substance dependence & [8,11,13] \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: (**A**) Clinical conditions/symptoms that may be benefited from the use of cannabis. (**B**). Adverse effects in humans from the use of cannabis. psychoactive compound \(\Delta^{9}\)-THC and the non-psychoactive compound CBD have become synonymous with _Cannabis_ and received much attention, which based-production has been used as pharmaceutical grade products in the United States, Europe, and some Caribbean countries (e.g., Epidiolex(r) and Sativex(r)) [22]. However, the activities of other cannabinoids are not well understood, and even the non-toxic CBD may also have a negative effect [23; 24]. Besides, cannabinoids can undergo mutual transformation to generate more bioactive forms under certain conditions, such as enzyme catalysis, heat, light, etc., [25] and these cannabinoids and derived cannabinoids may interact with various targets, including but not limited to endocannabinoid receptors, such as CNR1 and CNR2 to exert their individual pharmacologic effects along with any possible entourage effects [26]. Therefore, to increase our understanding of cannabinoid actions and the underlying molecular mechanisms of a wide range of diseases claimed to be benefited from or induced by the use of the plant, a network-based pharmacology study on multiple compounds, multiple targets, and multiple pathways were performed to investigate the effects of _Cannabis_ on human health. The workflow of this study was shown in Figure 1, where a group of 12 cannabinoids was first selected from herbal medicine databases and literature search, and screened by in silico prediction of drug-like properties; then, the protein targets of the cannabinoids were identified using a pharmacophore database for the construction of the protein-protein-interaction (PPI) network to explore the connectivity among the targets; GO biological functions and KEGG pathways were enriched to create the target-pathway (T-P) network, and the pathway-associated diseases were collected to construct the pathway-disease (P-D) network.