## 1 Introduction
This study centers on the thermal signature of wakes produced by the interaction between surface-moving targets and the upper layer of water temperature. From an induction mechanism standpoint, the temperature anomaly region arises from the coupling of the hydrodynamic wake generated by the moving target and the ambient water temperature field. Assuming the intrinsic properties of the moving target--such as its principal dimensions, motion posture, and maneuvering mode--are fixed, the macroscopic state of the hydrodynamic wake can be regarded as relatively stable. However, the ambient water temperature field is temporally dynamic, influenced by a suite of environmental factors including solar radiation, atmospheric humidity, cloud cover, air temperature, and wind speed. Even when the moving target maintains identical motion posture and speed, the characteristic scale, intensity, and decay time of the wake temperature signal can vary significantly across different flight periods and marine meteorological conditions ([PERSON] _et al._, 2016; [PERSON] _et al._, 2016). [PERSON] (2016) conducted a meticulous investigation into the heat and mass transfer characteristics of stratified wakes generated by underwater vehicles, employing the Large Eddy Simulation (LES) method. The study revealed that these wakes significantly alter the internal temperature and salinity distributions within the water column and produce detectable signatures, providing valuable insights into the hydrodynamic and thermodynamic interactions of underwater vehicles with the surrounding environment. [PERSON] (2016) discovered that the propellers of surface vessels, during their operation, induce the upward mixing of colder water from several meters below the surface to the upper layers. This process creates a distinct \"cold signal\" on the water surface, which can be potentially utilized for vessel detection and monitoring purposes. Furthermore, [PERSON] (2016) and [PERSON] (2016), through systematic experimental investigations, demonstrated that the wakes generated by moving underwater vehicles modulate the surface temperature distribution. This modulation results in the formation of characteristic thermal signatures that are detectable through appropriate sensing technologies. Consequently, fluctuations in the ambient water temperature play a pivotal role in characterizing the wake temperature anomaly signal. Elucidating the variation patterns of background water temperature fields, particularly the temperature distribution characteristics within the surface boundary layer, serves as a crucial prerequisite for investigating the thermal signatures of moving object wakes. A comprehensive exploration of the influence mechanisms of meteorological and hydrological environmental factors (such as wind speed, solar radiation, and precipitation) on the temperature profile structure of water bodies is of paramount importance for achieving effective decoupling between hydrodynamic wakes and background water temperature fields. This research employs the COARE 3.0 model to compute water-air heat fluxes, enabling the determination of interfacial heat flux. By incorporating the vertical temperature heat balance equation for water bodies, the study derives the vertical temperature distribution and examines the spatiotemporal dynamics of the vertical temperature profile. The analysis extends to the relationship between the net heat flux at the water-air interface and the cold skin properties of the water body. Taking into account the diurnal fluctuations of environmental parameters, the investigation delves into the diurnal variation patterns of the cold skin properties. To validate the accuracy of the water temperature field calculation model, an outdoor pool-based testing platform for dynamic water temperature fields is established, facilitating the measurement of water-air volume variables. This methodology elucidates the impact of various meteorological and hydrological parameter changes on the background environmental temperature field of the water body.