## 1 Introduction
In the future, it is possible to solve the reverse problem--to find out how soil quality can be regulated through the composition of the microbiome. These data can be used to manage the microbial factors of soil formation. Key soil formation processes are directly or indirectly related to the activities of the soil microbiome. The soil cover is constantly under anthropogenic impact. Initial soils in all natural zones change under the influence of anthropogenic factors (oil and natural gas production, and the mining of ores and other fossil fuels) and agrogenic impact. Therefore, it is also necessary to analyze the microbiological diversity in disturbed soils to obtain a complete picture of the soil microbiome in different natural conditions. Disturbed soils can also serve as model objects for understanding the rate of formation of climax microbial communities and the processes of self-recovery of the soil microbiome after technogenic and anthropogenic impacts [13; 14]. The study of the microbiome of agrogenic soils, especially in the northern latitudes, is extremely important in the context of studying the potential of northern soils for efficient agriculture in the Arctic and Subarctic. This is especially important for the very initial stages of soil recovery after severe anthropogenic impacts. Therefore, the accumulation of data on the soil microbiome in various technogenic and anthropogenic environments is very useful for creating evidence-based databases for environmental engineers and decision-makers in soil and vegetation restoration [12]. There are numerous studies devoted to the dynamic in the taxonomic composition of the microbiome of various soils. There are also studies related to various geochemical variations in the soil [15], changes in soil microbial communities under the influence of various external factors [16; 17; 18; 19], the microbiome of uranium deposit dumps [20], and various soils and soil-like bodies on mining deposit dumps [21; 22; 23]. However, studies of the soil microbiome in Russia are few, although its territory is covered by many natural zones. There are a few studies about the soil microbiome in Russia using modern high-throughput sequencing methods [9; 10]. There are sporadic publications on the soil microbiome of large cities in the boreal belt [24] and in arctic regions [25]. Most of the published data concern the European part of Russia [11; 12]. Less data are available for Western Siberia [26]. For Eastern Siberia, the data are generally sparse [27]. This indicates that both natural and anthropogenically disturbed soils are extremely understudied from the standpoint of soil microbiology and taxonomy. A very low amount of microbiological research of soils in northern and central Eurasia is largely connected with logistical problems and the vast areas not covered even by traditional soil surveys. Nevertheless, these areas are the most important land resource that can be involved in agriculture in the coming decades. Therefore, it is very important to know what happens to the microbiome of already disturbed soils of polar and boreal taiga ecosystems. Thus, the current hypothesis of our study was that boreal and polar soils can be an informative model for analyzing the role of external factors--soil quality and types of soil disturbance in the formation of taxonomic and functional composition of the microbiome. The methodology of the study consisted of the study of invariant combinations of soil formation under the influence of anthropogenic factors in comparison with natural undisturbed soils in order to analyze the principle vectors of soil bacteriophage development. Knowing this, the aim of the current study was to investigate the taxonomic composition of the microbiomes of mature, agrogenic, and anthropogenic soils of the polar and boreal belts of the European territory and the North of Western Siberia.