# Next-Generation Dual Transceiver FSO Communication System for High-Speed Trains in Neon Smart City
## 7 Conclusions  
In this work, we introduced a dual transceiver FSO communication system for Neom's HST, incorporating both LN and GG channel models to accurately represent turbulence  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Channel Model**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**LN**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**GG**} \\ \hline BER & \multicolumn{2}{c}{\(10^{-9}\)} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{\(10^{-3}\)} \\ \hline System Model & \
\begin{tabular}{c} Dual \\ Transceiver \\ \end{tabular} & RIS & Relay &
\begin{tabular}{c} Dual \\ Transceiver \\ \end{tabular} & RIS & Relay \\ \hline Received SNR [dB] & 40 & 33 & 41 & 50 & 47 & 55 \\ \hline Coverage Distance [m] & 4190 & 1000 & 31 & 1790 & 25 & 10 \\ \hline Required BSs & 41 & 170 & 5484 & 95 & 6800 & 17,000 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 2: Base station characteristics.  
Figure 6: BER vs. received SNR of different models through: (**a**) LN channel; (**b**) GG channel.  
effects in the city. The research made significant contributions to the practical field by expanding the scope to include the siding loop in the single-line track. Through the numerical results, we demonstrated that the dual transceiver model achieved a larger coverage distance compared to RIS- and relay-assisted FSO systems. Furthermore, the evaluation of the BER performance confirmed the improvement with increased SNR for both the LN and GG channel models. The validity of the main results was confirmed through Monte Carlo simulations. In conclusion, our research presents a novel and efficient solution for Neom's HST that surpasses existing systems in terms of received SNR, coverage area, and required infrastructure. The incorporation of both LN and GG channel models, as well as the consideration of real-world scenarios, contributes to the practicality and effectiveness of the proposed system in the HSR environment of the Neom smart city. Further research will include underground (tunnel) scenarios, where BSs are located in the ceiling of the tunnel. This expansion of research will enable a comprehensive understanding of the system's capabilities and effectiveness in various challenging environments, ultimately providing valuable insights for the implementation of FSO technology in Neon's smart city infrastructure.  
Conceptualization, Y.E. and A.S.A. methodology, A.M.; software, M.A.; validation, E.-H.M.A., Y.E., and A.S.A.; formal analysis, A.M.; investigation, M.A.; resources, A.S.A.; data curation, Y.E.; writing--original draft preparation, Y.E.; writing--review and editing, A.M.; visualization, A.S.A.; supervision, M.A.; project administration, E.-H.M.A.; funding acquisition, A.S.A. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
This work is supported by the Research, Development and Innovation Authority (RDIA), Saudi Arabia, grant number 13010-Tabuk-2023-UT-R-3-1-SE, and by the Deanship of Scientific Research, University of Tabuk, Saudi Arabia, grant number RGP-S-1441-0148.  
Not applicable.  
No data were generated in the presented research.  
The authors extend their appreciation to the Saudi National Center for Meteorology for providing weather data for the study.  
The authors declare no conflicts of interest.