# Operationalisation of Building Inspections and Repair: Systematisation-Based Approach
## 3 Results
### Most Common Diagnosis Methods to Prepare an Inspection
#### 3.1.2 Diagnosis Methods in Facade Elements/Claddings
In Level 4 (Generalised degradation), high or very perceptible biological growth may be observed. Cracking is classified according to a visual scale of the density of cracks, from a small number of cracks (in Level 1) to a high number or density of cracks (in Level 4). Considering these data, biological growth and cracking may be the most severe defects in this set of defects in painted facades. [PERSON] et al. [54] use a five-level scale from Level 0 (No visible degradation) to Level 4 (Generalised degradation). In the case of architectural concrete surfaces, the severity implicitly associated with the degradation levels for defects by [PERSON] et al. [55] may be used. Of the mentioned set of defects, these authors take all into account. In Level A, there should be no visible degradation of any kind. In Level B (Good), dirt and moisture stains should account for less than 15% of the surface area and biological growth for less than 10%. In Level C (Slight degradation), dirt and moisture stains may affect 15-40% of the surface area and biological growth 10-30%. In Level C, oriented cracking (width up to 0.5 mm) cannot affect more than 20% of the surface. In Level D (Moderate degradation), dirt and moisture stains may affect more than 40% of the surface, while biological growth may be present in more than 30%. In Level D, mapped cracking may be present in less than 50% of the surface and oriented cracking with a width of 0.5-3 mm in 5% or more of the surface, while oriented cracking equal to or wider than 3 mm should only be found in less than 5% of the surface. In Level E (Generalised degradation), mapped cracking may be found in 50% or more of the surface, and oriented cracking equal to or wider than 3 mm may be found in 5% or more of the surface. As such, cracking is considered a more severe defect in architectural concrete surfaces. [PERSON] et al. [55] use a five-level scale from Level A (No visible degradation) to Level E (Generalised degradation). As for adhesive ceramic tiling, the severity implicitly associated with the degradation levels for defects by [PERSON] et al. [56] may be used. Of the mentioned set of defects,  
Figure 3: Levels of severity of stains/colour changes in painted facades: (**a**) Level 0; (**b**) Level 1; (**c**) Level 2; (**d**) Level 3; (**e**) Level 4.  
these authors take all into account. In Level 0, there should be no visible degradation. In Level 1 (Good), surface dirt and damp stains in 10% or less of the area of the surface are observed, while cracked glazing may be observed and markedly oriented cracking thinner than 0.2 mm without leakage may also be observed. In Level 2 (Slight deterioration), damp stains in 10-50% of the surface are present, as well as biological growth in 30% or less of the surface. Cracking with no predominant direction and markedly oriented cracking with 0.2 mm or wider is observed in 30% or less of the surface. In Level 3 (Moderate degradation), damp stains in more than 50% of the surface and biological growth in more than 30% of the surface are present. Cracking may occur with no predominant direction or markedly oriented cracking (wider than 1 mm) without leakage may occur in 30-50% of the surface. In Level 4 (Generalised degradation), cracking with no predominant direction and markedly oriented cracking wider than 5 mm may be observed in more than 50% of the surface. Considering these data, cracking is the most severe defect in this set of defects in adhesive ceramic tiling. [PERSON] et al. [56] use a five-level scale from Level 0 (No visible degradation) to Level 4 (Generalised degradation). In the case of natural stone claddings, the severity implicitly associated with the degradation levels for defects by [PERSON] et al. [57] may be used. Of the mentioned set of defects, these authors take all into account. In Level 0, there should be no visible degradation of any kind.