## 2 Results and Discussion
### \({}^{1}\)H-NMR Analysis of UM and DM  
To assess the multiple ways to extract valuable compounds from residual biomass resulting from distillation, the \({}^{1}\)H-NMR approach was used as a first general attempt to establish what changes in composition were observable before and after the hydrodistillation of the nine hemp varieties. For this reason, UM and DM were used to perform \({}^{1}\)H-NMR measurements, and samples were prepared using extractive solvents in sequence with increasing polarity. As a result, the UM chloroform extract showed the presence of cannabinoid acidic forms, the UM methanol extract presented a limited amount of phenolics and sugars, while the UM water extract was characterized by the presence of sugars (Figure 2). On the other hand, the DM chloroform extract showed the presence of cannabinoids, but the CBDA was in large part decarboxylated, being converted into CBD (Figure 3). The DM methanol and water extracts presented a limited amount of phenolics. Thus, the preliminary investigation by \({}^{1}\)H-NMR revealed that DM, in comparison to UM, contained decarboxylated cannabinoids, with potential usefulness as a starting material for the extraction of these bioactive phytoconstituents. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c c c} \hline
**No** & **Compound** & \multicolumn{6}{c}{**Variety**} \\ \hline  & & **Lemon Conti** & **Fresh** & **Moustain** & **24 K** & **Gotilla Glue** & **White Shark** & **Venom OG** & **Lemon Conti** & **Amesia** & **Amesia** & **Palito** \\ \hline  & & **Kush** & **Moustain** & & & & & & & & \\ \hline  & & & & & & & & & & & \\ \hline \(1\) & \(\alpha\)-thujene & & & & & tr & & 0.2 & & & \\ \(2\) & \(\alpha\)-pinene & 14.4 & 10.7 & 1.5 & 1.4 & 12.0 & 3.6 & 2.0 & 18.3 & 12.4 \\ \(3\) & \(\alpha\)-emphene & 0.2 & 0.2 & tr & 0.1 & 0.2 & 0.4 & & 0.2 & 0.2 \\ \(4\) & \(\beta\)-pinene & 6.1 & & & & & & 6.8 & 6.4 & \\ \(5\) & \(\alpha\)-pyretene & 21.3 & 39.2 & 18.3 & 15.0 & 44.6 & 31.8 & 15.9 & 37.2 & 35.2 \\ \(6\) & \(\alpha\)-phelanthree & & & & & & 0.6 & & 0.9 & tr & 0.3 \\ \(7\) & \(\alpha\)-reppinene & & & & & & & & 0.2 & \\ \(8\) & \(\alpha\)-termoine & 3.8 & 3.8 & 6.2 & 8.3 & 11.0 & 8.2 & 5.4 & 1.8 & 5.9 \\ \(9\) & \(p\)-cprene & & & & & 0.1 & & & & & \\ \(10\) & \((Z\)-p-coherence & & & & & 0.1 & & 1.1 & 5.5 & & 1.2 \\ \(11\) & \(\gamma\)-termoine & & & & & & 0.3 & & 0.4 & & 0.2 \\ \(12\) & \(p\)-cprene & & & & & & & & & & \\ \(13\) & \(\alpha\)-termoine & 1.7 & 1.0 & 5.2 & 2.7 & 17.1 & 1.3 & 24.1 & tr & 9.2 \\ \(14\) & \(\alpha\)-coimen & & & & & & & & & 0.2 \\ \(15\) & \(\alpha\)-spane & & & & & & & & & 0.1 \\ \(16\) & \(\alpha\)-srudence & 0.1 & & & 0.2 & 0.4 & 0.1 & & & \\ \(18\) & \(\alpha\)-srudence acid, heyl ester & 0.2 & & & & & & & & \\ \(19\) & \(\alpha\)-terpineol & 0.3 & 0.1 & 0.5 & 0.6 & 0.4 & 0.3 & 0.4 & & \\ \(20\) & \(\gamma\)-strange & 0.3 & & & & & & 0.1 & & \\ \(21\) & \(\alpha\)-smatheme & 0.2 & & 0.3 & 0.4 & tr & 0.1 & & & \\ \(22\) & \(\alpha\)-ne-spearphone & & & & 0.9 & 0.4 & & & & \\ \(23\) & \(\beta\)-exporphine & 25.7 & 23.1 & 50.3 & 43.8 & 10.9 & 36.5 & 22.8 & 23.0 & 21.8 \\ \(24\) & \(\alpha\)-spaneit & & & 3.6 & & & & & 0.4 & & \\ \(25\) & \(\alpha\)-thimachane & 2.3 & 1.7 & & & & & & & \\ \(26\) & \((E)\)-d-armesene & 0.2 & & & 0.4 & & & & & \\ \(27\) & \(\beta\)-bisabole & & & & & & & & & \\ \(28\) & \(\alpha\)-humanche & 7.1 & 5.1 & 10.6 & 7.4 & 1.9 & 8.0 & 5.6 & 9.0 & 6.5 \\ \(29\) & \(\alpha\)-aronardenne & 0.3 & & & 0.2 & & & & & 1.3 & 0.7 \\ \(30\) & \(\beta\)-eudeseme & 0.6 & 0.7 & & & & & & & 0.6 & \\ \(31\) & \(\alpha\)-darmesene & 0.1 & 0.1 & & & & & & & 0.4 & 0.4 \\ \(32\) & \(\delta\)-seline & & & & & & & & & & \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: SPME-GC-MS analysis results for the 9 commercial varieties’ UM. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c c} \hline
**No** & **Compound** & \multicolumn{6}{c}{**Variety**} \\ \hline  & & \begin{tabular}{c} **Lemon Conti** \\ **Kush** \\ \end{tabular}  & \begin{tabular}{c} **Fresh** \\ **Mountain** \\ \end{tabular}  &