###### Abstract  
Concerns have been raised about the usage of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) in endodontics following its toxic effects. Effective ecoproduce (EEP), an organic solution produced through the fermentation of fruit peels, exhibits antibacterial and antibiofilm action, suggesting its potential as an endodontic irrigant. However, studies on its cytotoxicity are limited. This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of EEP at different concentrations and fermentation periods against the MC3T3-E1 cell. EEP derived from orange and pineapple peel waste and fermented for 3 and 6 months was prepared from 100% to 0.78% concentration. Briefly, 2.5% NaCl was used as the comparison group. Cell viability was analysed using Alamar Blue and Live and Dead Cell assay. A transmission electron microscope (TEM) was used to evaluate ultrastructural changes to the cells. Data analysis was performed using a two-way mixed Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). EEP exhibited concentration-dependent cytotoxicity regardless of the fermentation period (\(p>0.05\)). A concentration below 6.25% was non-cytotoxic and comparable to the negative control (\(p>0.05\)). Live and Dead Cell assay and TEM analysis complement the findings. The mean cell viability of EEP at all concentrations for both fermentation periods was significantly higher than that of 2.5% NaCl (\(p<0.05\)). Conclusively, 6.25% EEP fermented for 3 and 6 months are non-cytotoxic and can serve as an alternative endodontic irrigants. effective ecoproduce; irrigants; root canal treatment; sodium hypochlorite; cytotoxicity 4.0.0.0000-0000-0000-0000-0000-0000-0000-0000-00000-00000-00000-00000-00000-00000-00000-00000-00000-000000-00000-00000-00000-000000-000000-000000-000000-000000-0000000-000  
disturbance, localised intra-oral or facial swelling and school or work absences are among the outcomes that have been reported in the literature [3; 4]. A life-threatening event caused by airway obstruction following cellulitis of dental origin has been reported [5], suggesting the importance of treating the infection promptly. Root canal treatment has been the treatment of choice in managing teeth with infected and necrotic pulp tissue, provided that the tooth is still restorable and not indicated for extraction. The aims of root canal treatment are to reduce intracanal bacteria populations through the removal of the pulp tissue, optimise root canal disinfection via the delivery of antimicrobial agents and prevent reinfection of the canal post-treatment [6; 7]. Removal of the biofilm and adequate antimicrobial action are of paramount importance to eradicate pulpal and periapical infections [1; 8]. Mechanical instrumentation of the canal space has been the main step in eradicating the necrotic tissues, microbes, biofilm and debris from the root canal space. However, proper canal disinfection through mechanical instrumentation alone is hampered by the complex anatomy of the root canal systems, where access to the lateral canals, isthmuses and apical delta is limited by the rigidity of the endodontic instrument [9; 10]. The presence of this complex anatomy indirectly provides shelter for the bacteria, acting as a niche for their accumulation and growth [1; 9]. Irrigation of the root canal system with antibacterial solutions has been proposed as one of the strategies to overcome the shortcoming of mechanical instrumentation alone [9; 11]. Canal shaping achieved through mechanical instrumentation facilitates the irrigation process that allows the antimicrobial solutions to penetrate and disinfect the areas which cannot be efficiently accessed by mechanical instrumentation. The procedure also helps in flushing out the debris from the root canal space. These combinations, also referred to as chemo-mechanical root canal preparation, create a sterile environment within the root canal system prior to final obturation and restoration [1; 9].