## 1 Introduction  
The world is witnessing a significant increase in energy demand to meet the ever-increasing industrial production caused by consumerism. Countries that do not have traditional gas or oil reserves are looking for possible alternatives. In view of this, in recent decades there has been a significant development of technologies in the process of energy storage and subsequent implementation when needed [1, 2, 3]. Foreign experimental studies have shown the real possibility of generating natural gas hydrates, thus creating the possibility of storing this type of primary energy in a different form in which energy storage in the form of natural gas has been used so far [4]. While storage in compressed natural gas (CNG) requires extremely high pressures (25 MPa) and storage in liquefied natural gas (LNG) requires extremely low temperatures (\(-162\)), storage in hydrates is considerably less demanding in terms of temperature and pressure. The main advantages of natural gas hydrates are their non-explosive nature and also their volumetric capacity, where they can accumulate 165 m\({}^{3}\) of natural gas in 1 m\({}^{3}\)[5, 6, 7]. However, the technology of forming methane hydrates in an energy-efficient manner is a current challenge for the future [8]. The problem of natural gas accumulation in hydrate structures is being addressed by a number of foreign institutions and authors around the world [9, 10, 11]. Technological devicesused for the formation of hydrates are based on the principle of creating contact between the fluid and the gas [12; 13]. Currently, we can achieve thermodynamic conditions in the stabilization zone of the hydrate on the basis of feeding gas bubbles into the aqueous phase, injecting water droplets into the gas phase or injecting water into a porous material [14; 15]. A study of hydrate formation based on injecting precise amounts of methane into ionized water was undertaken by the Institute of Petroleum and Natural Resources [16]. The experiments were carried out in a reactor under isochoric conditions, where water of known volume was added to the reactor and then the air contained inside the reactor was removed. The reactor was pressurized with methane to a pressure of 70 bar and cooled to a temperature of 2 \({}^{\circ}\)C. Mechanical rotary stirring at 300 rpm was considered. The experiment lasted from 13 to 22 h, during which time a pressure drop was recorded with temperature changes. Hydrate formation was considered successful, but the use of the whole system was discouraged by the excessively long hydrate formation time, which was in the order of hours [16]. Foreign studies positively evaluate the injection of water into a gas-filled reactor. The National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) has investigated how the use of differently designed nozzles affects the rate of formation [17]. Nozzles are capable of separating liquids into droplets of small size, which causes an increase in the surface area of the water. The increased surface area of water interacting with the gas favors the rapid formation of hydrates. Measurements clearly showed that the nozzle with a full cone spray pattern synthesized methane hydrate in the shortest time of the commonly available industrial nozzles [18]. Among the conceptually new methods of hydrate production is a method based on the boiling liquid process [19; 20]. The experimental apparatus consists of a cooled cylindrical reactor filled with water. The main principle is that the pressure in the gas vessel from which the gas is supplied to the experimental device is significantly higher than the pressure in the water-filled reactor. The delivered gas is cooled and condensed to a liquid state, which collects at the bottom or remains in the gaseous state on the surface of the water in the experimental apparatus. We then create decompression by venting the gas. As a result, the liquefied gas at the bottom of the chamber begins to boil explosively and mixes vigorously with the water. This leads to the formation of hydrate nuclei.