# Evaluation of Urban Transportation Resilience under Extreme Weather Events
## 5 Results
### Comparison between Different Subareas under the Red Rainstorm Warning  
The curves of the transportation performance in the Cangshan, Gulou, and Jinan subareas during the red rainstorm warning are shown in Figure 11d-f. As seen in Figure 11d-f, the rainstorm began at 14:00, 20 June 2018. The transportation performance curves in the Cangshan, Gulou, and Jinan subareas began to show a downward trend at 17:05, 18:30, and 19:00, 20 June, and this trend lasted for 2 h 55 min, 1 h 30 min, and 1 h, respectively. It reached the lowest point around 20:00, 20 June, when the lowest point was 0.5, 0.67, and 0.72. Then, the transportation performance in the Cangshan and Jinan subareas recovered gradually and showed an upward trend, returning to stability at 22:30 and 21:00, 20 June, and this recovery phase lasted for 2 h 30 min and 1 h, respectively. The transportation performance in the Gulou subarea gradually began to recover after reaching its lowest point, returning to stability at 23:00, 20 June, and the recovery phase lasted for 3 h. Overall, the curves of the transportation performance in the Cangshan and Jinan subareas showed a V-shape, and bounced back immediately after reaching the lowest point. During the recovery process, the curve of transportation performance in the Gulou subarea experienced a plateau period from 21:00 to 22:00, 20 June. As seen in Table 2, the duration of the transportation performance perturbation in the Cangshan, Gulou, and Jinan subareas during the red rainstorm warning was obtained as 5 h 25 min, 4 h 30 min, and 2 h, respectively. Based on the curves of the transportation performance in the Cangshan, Gulou, and Jinan subareas during the red rainstorm warning and Equations (5)-(7), the values of \(k_{d}\), \(k_{r}\), and R were \(-\)0.154, 0.18, and 0.69 in the Cangshan subarea; the values of \(k_{d}\), \(k_{r}\), and R were \(-\)0.187, 0.093, and 0.82 in the Gulou subarea; the values of \(k_{d}\), \(k_{r}\), and R were \(-\)0.23, 0.23, and 0.83 in the Jinan subarea, respectively.  
According to Table 2, it can be seen that there was an average delay of 4 h between the occurrence of the rainstorm around 14:00, June 20, and the beginning of the transportation performance perturbation around 18:00, June 20, indicating that the urban transportation exhibited a certain level of resistance to the rainstorm. The duration of the transportation performance perturbation in the Cangshan, Gulou, and Jinan subareas was 5 h 25 min, 4 h 30 min, and 2 h, with the lowest point of perturbation being 0.5, 0.67, and 0.72, and the transportation resilience being 0.69, 0.82, and 0.83, respectively. This indicates that during the red rainstorm warning, the transportation performance perturbation in the Cangshan subarea had the longest duration and the largest decline, and the lowest transportation resilience. This was probably because the Cangshan subarea was a new developing area, lacked experience in dealing with rainstorm events, and had no effective response measures. Additionally, in the recovery process, the Gulou subarea had a plateau period compared with Cangshan and Jinan. The Gulou subarea had the slowest recovery speed of 0.093 and the longest recovery time of 3 h, compared to the recovery speeds of 0.18 and 0.23, and recovery times of 2 h 30 min and 1 h in the Cangshan and Jinan subareas. The reason for this was that the Gulou subarea is an old city with older infrastructure in all aspects. Secondly, the Gulou subarea was connected to the Cangshan and Jinan subareas, which were prone to traffic delays and congestion due to a high traffic flow. Finally, the Gulou subarea had many dead-end highways, causing poor drainage and large areas of waterlogging during a rainstorm.