###### Abstract  
Nowadays, transportation fuels such as diesel or gasoline are standardly produced from crude oil refining. These petroleum-based products are gradually replaced by more environmentally friendly sources, such as Fischer-Tropsch diesel fractions and other biofuels. The present work reports the distillation of Fischer-Tropsch (FTS) waves and its use for fuel production by (i) blending the FTS wax diesel fraction with fossil diesel (7:93; 15:85; 30:70; and 50:50 wt.%) and (ii) blending the FTS wax heavy fraction (360-700 \({}^{\circ}\)C) with vacuum gas oil (10-50 wt.%) followed by hydrocarbons at industrial operating conditions (T = 420 \({}^{\circ}\)C, WHSV = 0.5-1.0 h\({}^{-1}\), P = 10.0 MPa). The obtained products in both cases were analysed and compared with standard EN590 for petroleum-diesel fuels. Overall, our results point to the suitability of the distillation of FTS waves for renewable fuel production, either by straight blending of the diesel petroleum-based products or co-hydrocracking of the heavy fraction with vacuum gas oil.  
F r  
using flash distillation into gases (C\({}_{1}\)-C\({}_{4}\)), FTS naphtha (C\({}_{5}\)-C\({}_{11}\)), FTS diesel (C\({}_{9}\)-C\({}_{22}\)), and FTS heavy waves (>C\({}_{20}\)) fractions [17; 18]. Further upgrading FTS products is unnecessary when using them as an automotive fuel blending compound. However, depending on the local legislation and engine types, it could not be suitable for straight use as a fuel. The heavy fraction of FTS waves (>C\({}_{20}\)) is typically upgraded by fluidised-bed catalytic cracking (FCC) or hydrocracking with further refining to produce naphtha and diesel fuel [17; 19]. Another process is straight FTS wax hydrocracking, which could produce 80% of diesel with a relatively high cetane number [16].  
The hydrocracking reaction is a refining exothermal catalytic process in which the reaction conditions and catalyst used determine the quality of the final products. This process has already been widely investigated. In this sense, [PERSON] et al. [20] showed the appropriateness of using sulfided NiMo/SiO\({}_{2}\)-Al\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{3}\), NiW/SiO\({}_{2}\)-Al\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{3}\), and a non-sulfidic noble metal catalyst modified with MoO\({}_{3}\) (Pt/MoO\({}_{3}\)/SiO\({}_{2}\)-Al\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{3}\)) for diesel production through the low-pressure hydrocracking process of FTS waxes [17; 20; 21; 22].  
Another interesting point of view for upgrading FTS waxes is their co-processing with fossil crude oil fractions [23]. Vacuum gas oil (VGO) can be a good candidate for the hydrocracking reaction in co-processing with FTS waxes having similar boiling range fractions. [PERSON] et al. [24] investigated the impact of FTS wax addition to VGO, obtaining high-quality naphtha and diesel with high cetane numbers [24; 25; 26; 27; 28; 29].  
In this work, we investigate the production of transportation fuels from FTS wax distilled products by (i) blending the diesel fraction with fossil diesel (7:93; 15:85; 30:70, and 50:50) and (ii) blending the heavy fraction (366-700 \({}^{\circ}\)C) with vacuum gas oil (10-50 wt.%) followed by hydrocracking at industrial operating conditions (T = 420 \({}^{\circ}\)C, WHSV = 0.5-1.0 h\({}^{-1}\), P = 10.0 MPa). The obtained products in both cases were characterised and compared to EU norm EN590 (CSN EN590 2023) [30] for diesel transport fuel. Our results allowed us to evaluate the suitability of the distillation of FTS waxes to produce renewable diesel fuels.