## 2 Materials and Methods
### On-Ice Tests  
To standardize the on-ice sprint test, a 30 m long and 3 m wide track was set with cones each 10 m on a regular-sized ice surface. The start and finish were marked with tripods mounted with light beams. The subjects were instructed to use a standard ice hockey V-start (front foot one meter behind the first timing gate) and skate through the finish line as fast as possible. To measure sprinting time, we used three light beams (Brower Timing System CM L5, Brower, UT, USA) placed at 0 m, 6 m, and 30 m of the testing distance. Each subject completed two trials and the fastest time was used for subsequent calculation. The recovery time between the two attempts was 2 min.  
In the SOSPT, subjects performed two heats including all main skating movements and hockey specific movements (shooting and checking) on a regular-size ice hockey field, as shown in Figure 1. In heat #1, the subjects began from a standard hockey V-start from the neutral zone faceoff spot (the rear foot was placed on the faceoff spot) and skated around a cone at the end zone faceoff spot to and around a cone placed on the lower hash mark of the goal opposite side in the end zone circle. Subsequently, the subjects skated to and around the cone placed on the lower hash mark of the goal facing side in the end zone circle and back to a cone on the lower hash mark of the goal opposite side in the end zone circle. After skating around the cone, the subjects skated around the end zone circle and shot a puck at the goal. The puck was placed one meter beside the high hash mark of the facing side in the end zone circle. The shot on goal was performed at full skating speed and the subjects skated through the goal line to the board on the left side of the goal, stopped, and simulated a body check on a dummy-placed five meters beside the midpoint of the goal and two meters below the goal line, as shown in Figure 1. Heat #1 ended with a final skating to neutral zone faceoff spot, stopping at the spot, and directly starting heat #2. The procedure in heat #2 was identical to heat #1; however, the other side of the field was used to reduce fading of the ice and to perform all movements in the opposite direction to avoid one-sidedness. The direction of skating was fixed by the test protocol as described in Figure 1 and was identical for all participants. Time was measured with a standard hand-held stopwatch (Hanhart Stratos 2, Hanhart GmbH, Guttenbach, Germany) from the subject's first movement (take-off of the rear foot) until crossing (first touch of the front foot) the neutral zone faceoff spot (start and finish). The researcher was placed between the two faceoff spots to enable a good view of the subjects (Figure 1) for determining time (start/stop) and controlling whether the subjects touched the faceoff spot between heat #1 and heat #2. Each subject completed one valid trial. A trial was invalid if the subjects slipped or touched a cone. If a second trial was necessary, the recovery time between the two trials was 3 min. No subject needed more than two trials of the SOSPT. The SOSPT has been validated in a previous study [19] with high reliability (ICC (2,1) = 0.92; CV = 2.44%) and validity with a strong and significant correlation between an expert rating and the SOSPT time.