## 4 Experimentation on the Case Study
### Photogrammetric and Scanning 3D Reconstruction
The image (Figure 18) highlights the significant impact that a lack of insulation can have on a building's energy efficiency, as heat escapes through these critical areas, underscoring the potential for increased energy consumption and reduced interior comfort. The visualisation (Figure 19) serves as a compelling case for the importance of proper insulation, illustrating how thermal bridging at the foundation and inter-storey levels can lead to substantial energy losses. Table 3 presents the average temperature value and the standard deviation for the main building elements (i.e., walls, foundation, windows--closed and inter-storey slab) for the west and north facades of the C22 building. Table 4 presents the average temperature value and the standard deviation for the main building elements (i.e., walls, foundation, windows--open and closed). \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Facade** & **Scanned Object** & \
\begin{tabular}{c} **Average** \\ **Value [\({}^{\circ}\)C]** \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} **Standard** \\ **Deviation [\({}^{\circ}\)C]** \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{South} & Walls & 4.57 & 0.31 \\ \cline{2-4}  & Windows (closed) & 7.70 & 0.28 \\ \cline{2-4}  & Windows (open) & 18.80 & - \\ \cline{2-4}  & Foundation & 8.95 & 0.07 \\ \cline{2-4}  & Access door & 11.30 & 1.27 \\ \cline{2-4}  & Technical room access & 10.00 & - \\ \cline{2-4}  & Technical room window & 21.10 & - \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{East} & Walls & 3.13 & 0.25 \\ \cline{2-4}  & Windows (closed) & 4.67 & 0.49 \\ \cline{2-4}  & Windows (open) & 15.57 & 1.60 \\ \cline{2-4}  & Foundation & 6.20 & - \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Temperature values for C6 scanning. Figure 18: Integrating thermal information with TLS point cloud for C22: west (**a**) and north facade (**b**). Figure 20 illustrates the thermal losses of an insulating window by comparing two different scenarios: one with the window closed and the other with the window open. By analysing these images, one can appreciate the insulation window's role in maintaining energy efficiency within a building, highlighting the impact of simple actions like closing a window on a structure's overall thermal performance. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Facade**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Scanned Object**} & **Average** & **Standard** \\  & & **Value** [\({}^{\circ}\)**C] & **Deviation** [\({}^{\circ}\)**C] \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{North} & Walls & 8.30 & 0.40 \\ \cline{2-4}  & Windows (closed) & 9.35 & 0.07 \\ \cline{2-4}  & Windows (open) & 20.10 & - \\ \cline{2-4}  & Foundation & 9.30 & 0.30 \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{East} & Walls & 8.10 & 0.70 \\ \cline{2-4}  & Windows (closed) & 10.63 & 0.78 \\ \cline{2-4}  & Windows (open) & 19.83 & 0.59 \\ \cline{2-4}  & Foundation & 9.63 & 0.12 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: Temperature values for G24 scanning. Figure 19: Integrating thermal information with TLS point cloud for G24 north (**a**) and east facade (**b**). \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Facade**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Scanned Object**} & **Average** & **Standard** \\  & & **Value** [\({}^{\circ}\)**C] & **Deviation** [\({}^{\circ}\)**C] \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{North} & Walls & 7.83 & 0.29 \\ \cline{2-4}  & Windows (closed) & 10.47 & 0.65 \\ \cline{2-4}  & Windows (open) & 22.87 & 1.77 \\ \cline{2-4}  & Foundation & 9.37 & 0.15 \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{West} & Walls & 5.77 & 0.57 \\ \cline{2-4}  & Windows (closed) & 9.27 & 0.12 \\ \cline{2-4}  & Inter-storey slab & 7.30 & 0.82 \\ \cline{2-4}  & Foundation & 7.93 & 0.25 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Temperature values for C22 scanning.