# Advances in Neural Network-Based Image, Thermal, Infrared, and X-Ray Technologies
## 3 Results
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Name** & **2005–2014** & **2015–2024** & **All Years** & **Share [\%]** & **Chi-Square** \\ \hline Total & 27 & 71 & 98 & 100.0 & \(\chi^{2}\) \\ \hline
**Document type** & & & & & \\ \hline Conference paper & 16 & 33 & 49 & 50.0 & 1.8 \\ \hline Journal article & 11 & 36 & 47 & 47.96 & (df = 3 \\ \hline Book chapter & 0 & 2 & 2 & 2.04 & \(p=0.41\)) \\ \hline
**Technology** & & & & & \\ \hline Image sensors & 15 & 20 & 35 & 35.71 & \\ \hline Thermal imaging & 1 & 21 & 22 & 22.45 & (df = 3 \\ \hline Infrared detectors & 11 & 20 & 31 & 31.63 & \(p=0.0\)) \\ \hline X-ray & 0 & 10 & 10 & 10.2 & \\ \hline
**Application** & & & & & \\ \hline Image processing & 12 & 31 & 43 & 43.88 & \\ \hline Robotics and design & 8 & 8 & 16 & 16.33 & 7.83 \\ \hline Object recognition & 11 & 34 & 45 & 45.92 & (df = 4 \\ \hline Medical imaging & 2 & 19 & 21 & 21.43 & \(p=0.1\)) \\ \hline Security systems & 2 & 6 & 8 & 8.16 & \\ \hline
**Research methodology** & & & & & \\ \hline Experiment & 14 & 40 & 54 & 55.1 & \\ \hline Literature analysis & 4 & 21 & 25 & 25.51 & 2.84 \\ \hline Case study & 13 & 24 & 37 & 37.76 & (df = 3 \\ \hline Conceptual & 12 & 34 & 46 & 46.94 & \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: Publications by year in all categories. Figure 2: Change in the number of different types of documents. Analysing the set of areas in which neural networks were used for image processing, a general increase in the number of publications can be noticed (Figure 4). However, it is not equal. Robotics and design stands out negatively here, where the number of publications remained constant. This is reflected in the calculated value of \(\chi^{2}\) = 7.83, where with four degrees of freedom the \(p\)-value = 0.1 was obtained. Considering that the assumed level of significance is 0.05, the null hypothesis \(H_{0}\) should be accepted. However, this is almost a borderline value; thus, it can be assumed that the changes that have occurred here are not yet statistically significant. Nonetheless, they constitute a certain trend. This suggests that the topic may have been exploited in the field of robotics and design or tht it is not currently popular. Figure 5 presents changes in applied research methods. As can be seen, the value of \(\chi^{2}\) = 2.84, which with three degrees of freedom gives a value of \(p\)-value = 0.42. This means  
Figure 4: Change in the number of different application. Figure 3: Change in the number of different technologies. accepting the null hypothesis \(H_{0}\) and considering that there were no significant differences in the distribution of selected research methods. However, it should be noted that the total number of publications has increased significantly in the last decade. Table 5 and Figure 6 present a summary of the number of publications in the studied area divided by publication location and decade. At the same time, the null hypothesis \(H_{0}\) is presented that there were no significant changes in this area. However, the test result \(\chi^{2}=31.53\) for 13 degrees of freedom means that \(p\)-value = 0. Therefore, the alternative hypothesis \(H_{1}\) is accepted, stating that the structure of the places where research is conducted on the analysed topic has changed significantly in the past decade. Considering that in some locations the increase was multiple, it should be recognised that the topic is still needed and developed. Figure 5: Change in the number of different research methodology. Figure 6: Publications by year in locations—visualisation. It is worth noting a few locations here. The first group is India and the United Kingdom, where the increase in the number of publications is the largest. This may indicate that this technology is perceived as future-orientated. This hypothesis may also be confirmed by the fact that in the second group of locations, the United States and China, which may not have recorded such a large increase in the number of publications, nevertheless still maintain a large number of them.