## 7 Testbeds and Experimental Resources
FlockLab's middleware services synchronously collect huge amounts of logged data from the scattered sensor nodes. It also extracts the radio state and support network virtualization. **SmartSantander**[151] is a unique large scale experimental research facility for the provision of smart city application. It envisions the deployment of 20,000 sensors around the city, currently there are 3000 IEEE 802.15.4 nodes, 200 GPRS modules and 2000 RFID tag/QR, and they are static as well as mobile. One of the major purposes of SmartSantander facilitates experimentation for the research community, infrastructure providers and the service providers to speed up the proof of concept, and IoE to be a reality. Furthermore, Assessment of how society responds to the IoE technologies and services [152]. **SmartSantander** middleware and software supports both the testing of sensor virtualization and network virtualization. **FIRE** (Future Internet Research and Experimentation) [153] project provides a research platform which facilitates a number of the researchers and developers for the Future IoE concepts. FIRE provides large-scale experimentation facility that supports both medium and long term research plans. FIRE based on virtualization provides the tools that are needed to conduct large-scale experimentation on innovative paradigms of WSNs. Furthermore, a variety of network experimentation can be conducted on the given platform. FIRE facilitates testing infrastructure supporting multiple technologies like having diverse characteristics like mobility, scalability, security and privacy. Furthermore, it allows testing and evaluating the middleware based on sensor and network virtualization. Fire projects focusing on testbeds are EULER, FIBRE, RELYonIT, OFERTIE, STEER, SOCIAL&SMART, IRATI, 3D-LIVE,CLOMMUNITY, EAR-IT, ECO2 Clouds, ALIEN, EVARILOS, Cityflow, IoTLAB, FORGE, TRESCIMO, MOSAIC 2B, SMARTFIRE [154]. **OneLab**[155] is the pioneer of the federation concept for the testbeds. OneLab is also a part of the FIRE project based on the heterogeneous testbeds to federate their computation, database and network resources. **PanLab** (Pan-European Laboratory) [156] is also part of FIRE project and takes the work of the OneLab forward by developing the framework for the federation of testbeds on a wide scale. PanLab Combines all the emerging testbeds and experimental resources together in such a way that tests and experiments are executed according to the demands of the emerging concepts in WSN. It is based on the VTB concept and forms Virtual Customer Testbed (VCT). VCT fulfills the requirements of the federation and customer view. Moreover, manages the underlying infrastructure elements participating in the testing/experiment execution. Teagle [157] framework provides interfaces of the Panlab federation resources, and interacts with Panlab testbed manager and manages the customers' request and the heterogeneous testbed devices. Furthermore, Panlab also provides the concept of resource adaptors that abstract the testbed manager from the offerings, and provide a single API to Teagle Web portal for the setup and configuration of VCTs. **BonFIRE**[158,159] is a free, open access scheme that facilitates researchers for a faster, cheaper and more flexible tests on new business models. BonFIRE has developed a cost effective business model. Researchers can test a wide range of cloud experiments, such as cloud bursting and hybrid clouds, across five European sites. Furthermore, provides a federated, distributed cloud testbed based on virtual machine. VMs are located at different Clouds that federate different sites and enable seamless experimentation. The BonFIRE middleware has been designed to provide experimental support over multiple heterogeneous devices evaluating infrastructure and virtual machine level. The middleware consists of multiple layers where each layer exposes its functionality via a set of APIs.