## 3 Material and Methods
### Sentiment Analysis
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt}} \hline \hline
**Company** & **Country** & **Sentence** & **Label** & **Score** \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{BASF} & \multirow{8}{*}{Germany} & We develop innovative solutions for and with our customers to expand our leading position. & Positive & 1.00 \\ \cline{3-5}  & & In the long term, we want to increase the share of this oil to cover our total demand. & Positive & 0.60 \\ \cline{3-5}  & & In recent years, hot and dry summers often led to extended low water levels on the Rhine River, temporarily impacting logistics. & Negative & 0.30 \\ \cline{3-5}  & & BASF was especially affected by the downturn in the automotive sector. & Negative & 0.00 \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{IKEA} & \multirow{8}{*}{Sweden} & The climate footprint of the IKEA value chain continued to decrease during FY20, and we saw big improvements across the business. & Positive & 1.00 \\ \cline{3-5}  & & Risk assessments have been completed for the entire IKEA value chain, to determine the main focus areas where we can have the biggest impact based on our business. & Positive & 0.70 \\ \cline{3-5}  & & For example, some minerals have specific qualities that are difficult to substitute with alternatives, particularly in electronics. & Negative & 0.32 \\ \cline{3-5}  & & The world is experiencing a dramatic loss of species and ecosystems. & Negative & 0.00 \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{Marks \& Spencer} & Over the past year, we have begun this transition, embedding sustainability into our business operations. & Positive & 1.00 \\ \cline{3-5}  & & REPUTATION Growing stakeholder expectations of responsible corporate behaviour. & Positive & 0.60 \\ \cline{3-5}  & & We will provide a more accurate figure for total food surplus next year. & Negative & 0.13 \\ \cline{3-5}  & & Around a quarter of these international stores total footage uses energy provided by the landlord and is outside our operational control. & Negative & 0.00 \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{Nestle} & \multirow{8}{*}{Switzerland} & We have made significant progress on our journey to sustainable packaging too. & Positive & 1.00 \\ \cline{3-5}  & & From this, we developed a new risk assessment tool to understand child labor risks across all the priority commodities we buy. & Positive & 0.80 \\ \cline{3-5}  & & Of these, 464 cases were substantiated and related to issues such as abuse of power and/or harassment/bullying, labor practices and kickbacks. & Negative & 0.31 \\ \cline{3-5}  & & This situation has only become more challenging as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. & Negative & 0.00 \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{Toyota} & \multirow{8}{*}{Japan} & Toyota strives to be a good corporate citizen trusted by all stakeholders and to contribute to Creating an Affluent Society through all its business operations. & Positive & 1.00 \\ \cline{3-5}  & & To this end, Toyota constantly seeks to enhance corporate governance. & Positive & 0.87 \\ \cline{3-5}  & & We also recognize that human rights abuses such as child labor in the procurement of cobalt etc. & Negative & 0.26 \\ \cline{3-5}  & & The invention of such batteries proved to be extremely difficult, and none have yet been completed. & Negative & 0.00 \\ \cline{3-5}  & & & & \\ \cline{3-5}  & & & & \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 5: Examples of sentiment analysis from each company’s 2020 sustainability report. After applying the sentiment analysis, each report had a percentage for the two sentiment categories. We then visualized the ratio of positive sentiment and negative sentiment for each report by year, to identify the tendency and the pattern of companies to selectively report positive information across the companies.