## 4 Simulation Results  
### Experimental Settings  
The search and rescue in landslide disaster are simulated here to evaluate the performance of proposed rescue plan. The simulation is implemented in NetLogo. The affected area is characterized as a circular area of radius 100 m, assuming that there are 100 victims and 20 rescue teams in this area. The victims are located in randomly-distributed buried sites. The unit of simulation steps is minute. A round of simulation would continue until all survivors get rescued, and the time limit of one round of simulation is set to be 72 h, i.e., 4320 simulation steps. According to the records of casualties in landslide over the last decade, the proportions of four kinds of injury severities in each scenario are assumed in Table 2.  
The settings of simulation are as follows: the number of buried survivors in one single buried site \(\beta_{i}\sim U(1,\,3)\); the injury severity of victims \(v_{si}\) is initialized according to Table 2; the buried depth \(v_{rubble}\)\(\sim\)\(N(120,\,30)\); the time limit for completing rescue operations in each buried site \(t_{need}=30\); the number of rescue teams \(m=20\); search speed \(3\)\(m/\min\); search radius \(s_{r}=3\)\(m\); speed of rescue \(s_{rubble}=0.5\); move lengths \(s_{l}\) are determined through Equation (3), in which \(\mu=2\); maximum turning angle \(s_{a}=\pi\), i.e., turning angles \(s_{\theta}\)\(-U(0,\,\pi)\); If there are survivors trapped in a buried site within the search radius, rescue teams are able to locate the buried site with a probability \(prob=20\%\); scope of cooperation \(s_{c}=40\) m; the time limit for each round of auction \(t_{l}=3\min\). When making bids on tasks, bidders would evaluate the utility of tasks through FCE. The factor set \(Z=\{Buried\ Depth,\ Number\ of\ Victims,\ Total\ Injury\ Severity\}\). Buried depth indicates the workload of rescue. Number of victims refers to the number of victims who are buried in this buried site. The injury severities are coded as \"0\", \"3\", \"2\" and \"1\", corresponding to \"death\", \"heavy-injury\", \"slight-injury\" and \"no-injury\". Total injury severities are the sum of injury severities of victims buried here. The weight vector of three factors in FCE \(W=(1/3,\,1/3,\,1/3)\). Evaluation criterions are shown in Table 3.  
The evaluation set \(V=\{Urgent,\ Less\ Urgent,\ Normal\}\), shown in Table 3. The membership degree of factor \(z_{a}\) to evaluation level \(v_{b}\), denoted as \(r_{ab}\), is calculated through semi-trapezoid distribution function. For example, the membership degree of buried depth to \(v_{1}\) is calculated by Equation (10). \[r_{11}=\left\{ \begin{array}{ll}1&v_{rubble}\geq 150\\ \frac{v_{rubble}-120}{30}&120<v_{rubble}<150\\ 0&v_{rubble}\leq 120\end{array} \right. \tag{10}\] \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Injury Severity**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Scenarios**} \\ \cline{2-4}  & **Fatal (\%)** & **Serious (\%)** & **Normal (\%)** \\ \hline Death & 40 & 30 & 20 \\ Heavy injury & 30 & 25 & 20 \\ Slight injury & 10 & 15 & 20 \\ No injury & 20 & 30 & 40 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: The proportions of four injury severities in each scenario. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline  & **Urgent** & **Less Urgent** & **Normal** \\ \hline Buried depth & 150 & 120 & 90 \\ Number of victims & 3 & 2 & 1 \\ Total injury severity & 9 & 5 & 1 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Evaluation criterion of tasks’ urgency levels. The model outputs a number of comparative statistics at the end of a simulation, which include: survival probability of each victim \(v_{sp}\), average survival probability \(\overline{p}_{s}\), relative survival probability \(\overline{p}_{rs}\), ratio of survivors getting rescued \(\overline{p}_{r}\), and average elapsed time for one site getting rescued \(\overline{t}_{a}\). Survival probabilities \(v_{sp}\) of victims are related to their injury severity \(v_{si}\).