## 1 Introduction  
Biopreparations, based on effective microorganisms (EM), are a versatile resource with a wide range of applications. Their usefulness includes environmental protection, agriculture, food industry, pharmaceuticals, and medicine. Specifically, EM biopreparations are exceptionally efficient in conditioning seeds, seedlings, and tubers and can be applied through various methods including seed dressing during the growing season and as soil applications [1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6]. According to [PERSON] et al. [2], the impact of EM applied to the soil has been investigated in relation to vegetable growth, yield, quality, and protection. Their findings revealed that approximately 70% of the documented studies on EM indicated a favorable influence on plant growth. The researchers further concluded that EM interactswith the soil-plant ecosystem by means of various mechanisms including the suppression of plant pathogens and disease agents, mineral dissolution, energy conservation, the maintenance of soil microbial equilibrium, and the enhancement of plant photosynthesis. Currently, biotechnology using EM is used in various fields of agriculture including soil regeneration, plant production, animal husbandry, the agri-food industry, and storage. The diverse enzymatic specificity of these microorganisms enables them to survive in different environments [7; 8; 9; 10]. Microbiological preparations are becoming an extremely useful tool in the correction and supervision of various ecosystems. In plant cultivation, EM biopreparations are widely used for comprehensive stubble spraying, thus supporting secondary and stubble crops before blowing. In addition, EM biopreparations are used to treat seeds, tubers and rhizomes, sugar beet seedlings, vegetables and ornamental plants as well as directly applied by foliar application to plants [1; 2; 4; 6; 11; 12]. Microbial biopreparations are composed of various microorganisms, each of which performs unique functions [5]. These organisms engage in a continuous exchange of nutrients, fostering a symbiotic relationship among them [8]. EM preparations are live, beneficial microorganisms, and an important aspect is that they are not subject to a withdrawal period [8; 13]. In plant cultivation, EM biopreparations replace or reduce the need for chemical pesticides to combat diseases and pests [8; 10]. They are also employed in cold storage and warehouses to extend the freshness and quality of crops [6; 7; 8]. Incorporating microbiological biopreparations into agriculture represents a significant stride toward sustainable and eco-friendly food production, helping mitigate adverse effects on the environment, human health, and animal well-being [5; 6]. Chlorophyll fluorescence represents a phenomenon in which chlorophyll molecules emit light with a longer wavelength than the light that hits them. This effect is the result of the incidental scattering of light that is not used by the plant in photosynthesis. During photosynthesis, plants absorb light energy through chlorophyll molecules, which are located in chloroplasts--structures responsible for carrying out photosynthesis [14; 15; 16]. These molecules convert energy into a chemical form, which is then utilized to produce organic compounds like glucose. However, some light energy is lost in the process of chlorophyll fluorescence. In addition, some of this energy is emitted in the form of light with a longer wavelength, which is observed as fluorescence [16; 17; 18; 19; 20]. During photosynthesis, units of solar radiation (photons) penetrate the potato leaf, reach the chlorophyll, and stimulate enzymes in rubisco. This energy is subsequently utilized to generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP) energy through the phosphorylation of adenosine diphosphate (ADP): ADP + P + energy -> ATP. As is well-known, ATP is produced from a phosphate ion (P) and ADP, either through solar energy or the energy released by respiring sugars.