## 1 Introduction  
Evaluating the environmental sustainability of newly developed product systems is vital to foresee potential issues and direct future research endeavors. The industrial extraction of cellulose from biomass is presently progressing rapidly, driven by growing demand for sustainable and renewable materials. Numerous chemical methods [1, 2] have been used to extract cellulose from a variety of biomass sources. The extraction of cellulose from biomass is significant for numerous reasons. Firstly, cellulose is a plentiful and renewable biopolymer, rendering it a sustainable alternative to fossil-fuel-based materials. Extracting cellulose from biomass, such as agricultural waste, not only adds value to otherwise disposed-of by-products but also facilitates waste management and ameliorates environmental pollution [3]. The LCA is a widely utilized technique for quantifying the environmental impact of objects and processes throughout their life cycles based on selected scopes and boundaries. Several LCA techniques have been developed and applied to the extraction of cellulose from biomass to reduce the environmental impact by guiding the decision-making process towards more sustainable alternatives. LCA research on cellulosic materials has mostly focused on the material's impact on eutrophication, human toxicity, water depletion, energy consumption and climate change [1]. [PERSON] and co-researchers [2] used sugar cane waste to obtain a cellulose purity of 95.42% and subsequently conducted its LCA analysis. The findings indicated that the production of nanocrystalline cellulose has the greatest environmental impact due to the electricity consumption during freeze-drying. [PERSON] and co-researchers [3] developed a novel method for converting vegetable food waste into cellulose nanofibers and performed a laboratory-scale LCA. The findings indicate that electrospinning has a more significant environmental impact compared to wet-spinning. [PERSON] and co-workers [4] evaluated the LCA of three methods (enzymatic production route, carboxymethylation route and no pretreatment route) for generating cellulose nanofibrils from wood pulp. The findings indicate that the production of cellulose nanofibrils using carboxymethylation has the greatest environmental impact due to the high use of solvents derived from crude oil. In contrast, the enzymatic and no-pretreatment routes have a lower environmental impact. [PERSON] and co-workers [5] evaluated the LCA of cellulose nano-whiskers extracted from white cotton (EC system) and unripe coconut fibers (EUC system). The results showed that nano-whiskers produced in the EC system consumed less energy and water, discharged fewer pollutants and had a lower impact on eutrophication, human toxicity and climate change compared to those obtained from the EUC system. [PERSON] and co-researchers [6] investigated the LCA for the sulfuric acid hydrolysis-based synthesis of cellulose nanocrystals from cotton. The study employed three acid-cellulose nanocrystal separation methods: microfiltration, gravity settling and centrifugation. The results showed that the microfiltration technique was the most effective method for separating acidic-cellulose nanocrystals. In addition, according to the LCA results, the application of microfiltration in the separation of acidic cellulose nanocrystals reduced aquatic ecotoxicity by 33.4%, aquatic acidification by 47.9%, aquatic eutrophication by 55.8%, terrestrial ecotoxicity by 38.1%, potential global warming by 40.0% and non-renewable energy consumption by 47.8%. In Saudi Arabia, date palm biomass is available in large quantities but has remarkable potential as a resource for numerous applications. The country is one of the largest date producers in the world and produces significant amounts of biomass in the form of date palm leaves, trunks and fruit residues. Saudi Arabia produces a total of 345,000 tons of date palm waste per year [7].