## 3 Analysis  
### Green Purchasing Rate by Category  
In this paper, we use the \"green purchasing rate\" to refer to the ratio of green products/services purchased to total products/services purchased. In this subsection, we describe the green purchasing rate of Japanese municipalities. Figure 3 displays the distribution of the green purchasing rate for 21 categories. It should be noted that the number of valid responses differs across items. Blue areas represent the share of municipalities implementing green purchasing at almost 100% for the item. Thus, all the purchases for the item follow the guidelines for green purchasing. Orange areas show the share of municipalities whose green purchasing of the items ranges from 80 to 99% of the total purchases of that item. Thus, the municipalities in this area have excellent green purchasing performance. The gray areas represent the proportion of municipalities that implement the green purchasing of items 40 to 80% of the time. Roughly speaking, half or more than half of their purchases in this area are of green products. Finally, light blue areas indicate the municipalities that implement green purchasing for the item but do not measure the ratio of green purchasing to total purchasing of that item. Therefore, the blue, orange, gray, yellow, and light blue areas in Figure 3 jointly show the share of municipalities with some form of green purchasing for each item. Green purchasing items are sorted in descending order based on share. According to Figure 3, paper products have the highest share of municipalities with at least some green purchasing. Eighty-two percent of municipalities are engaged in the green purchasing of paper products. The second most popular item for green purchasing using this measurement is stationery. The share of municipalities with some form of green purchasing for stationery amounts to more than 75%. Thus, quite a few municipalities are engaged in some form of the green purchasing of stationery. The third most popular item for green purchasing is cars. More than 60% of the municipalities have implemented the green purchasing of cars. However, one should note that there is a more than 10% difference between the green purchasing of cars and the green purchasing of stationery in the share of municipalities with green purchasing. Figure 2: Box plots of population and standard financial scale of the municipalities with and without green purchasing policies. The fourth most popular item for green purchasing using this measurement is lighting, with a ratio of 62%. After lighting, the share of municipalities engaging in some green purchasing gradually declines for each category from office equipment to work gloves. Approximately half of the municipalities have implemented the green purchasing of home appliances in one way or another. The shares are the same for home appliances, public works, fire extinguishers, emergency supplies and other public services. The share declines, with a noticeable difference, for AC units. Then, the share further declines, with larger differences, from other fiber products, other equipment and bedclothes to water heaters. Finally, the green purchasing of mobile phones seems to be the least popular across municipalities. Only 34% of the municipalities are engaged in the green purchasing of mobile phones. The light green area in Figure 3 represents municipalities that have developed criteria for green purchasing but not purchased such items yet. We can see that the size of the green area becomes larger as we move down the figure. For paper products and stationery, the light green part is almost negligible, i.e., almost all municipalities with criteria for green purchasing purchase appropriate green items. In contrast, the light green areas under bedclothes, water heaters and mobile phones are large.