# Hybrid Energy Routing Approach for Energy Internet
## 7 Simulation and Results
### Results of the Proposed Energy Routing Approach
#### Case 4 analysis: multi-source consumer  
In order to validate the effectiveness of the proposed energy routing approach in multi-source consumer cases, we considered the electric vehicle (EV) as a heavy load with a charging request of 22 kw (according to the European EV charging standard IEC 61851 [41]). As shown in Table 14, we assume that there are three producers and none of them can provide the requested power. In this case, more than one producer should be selected to satisfy the EV demand power (\(D1\)). Consumer \(D1\) (EV) requests the required power using \(ER_{4}\). In contrast to the previous cases, the broker list in this case contains all the producers that are available in the EV transmission time (\(L=\{D2,D5,D6\}\)). According to the power \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Consumer**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Producer**} & **Transaction** & **Cost** & \multirow{2}{*}{**Energy Efficient Path**} & **Power Loss** & **Transmission** & **Fitness** & **Selected** \\  & & **Power (kw)** & **(USD/kw.h)** & & **(low)** & **Capacity (kw)** & **Value** & **Producer** \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{\(D7\)} & \(D2\) & 12 & 1.68 & 9\(\to 1\to 17\) & 0.480621 & 15 & 1.080311 & \multirow{2}{*}{\(D4\)} \\  & \(D4\) & 12 & 1.08 & 13\(\to 6\to 7\to 3\to 1\to 17\) & 0.842007 & 12 & 0.961004 & \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{\(D3\)} & \(D2\) & 8 & 1.12 & 9\(\to 1\to 3\to 2\to 10\) & 0.560756 & 8 & 0.840378 & \multirow{2}{*}{\(D2\)} \\  & \(D4\) & 8 & 0.72 & 13\(\to 6\to 7\to 3\to 2\to 10\) & 1.201820 & 8 & 0.960910 & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 13: The results of the energy routing approach for case 3 (\(\alpha=0.5\)). \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Consumer**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Producer**} & **Transaction** & **Cost** & \multirow{2}{*}{**Energy Efficient Path**} & **Power Loss** & **Transmission** & **Fitness** & **Selected** \\  & & **Power (kw)** & **(USD/kw.h)** & & **(low)** & **Capacity (kw)** & **Value** & **Producer** \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{\(D7\)} & \(D2\) & 12 & 1.68 & 9\(\to 1\to 17\) & 0.480621 & 20 & 1.080311 & \multirow{2}{*}{\(D4\)} \\  & \(D4\) & 12 & 1.08 & 13\(\to 8\to 9\to 1\to 17\) & 0.841377 & 20 & 0.960689 & \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{\(D3\)} & \(D2\) & 8 & 1.12 & 9\(\to 1\to 3\to 2\to 10\) & 0.561292 & 8 & 0.840646 & \\  & \(D4\) & 8 & 0.72 & 13\(\to 6\to 7\to 3\to 2\to 10\) & 0.800888 & 15 & 0.760444 & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 12: The results of the energy routing approach for case 2 (\(\alpha=0.5\)). information of the producers in \(L\), at least two sources are needed to provide the requested amount of power by the consumer. Therefore, after receiving the list (\(L=\{D2,D5,D6\}\)), \(ER_{4}\) using Equation (6) creates a combination set as  
\[C_{2}^{D1}= \begin{pmatrix}S_{1}\\ S_{2}\end{pmatrix} _{2\times 1}= \begin{pmatrix}D2&D6\\ D5&D6\end{pmatrix} _{2\times 2} \tag{30}\]  
There are two possible sources combination sets (\(S_{1},S_{2}\)). According to the Equation (3), the fitness value is calculated using a function that optimizes the cost and power loss. Therefore, for each set \(S_{i}\) the \(ER_{4}\) invokes the \(EPSOA\) to define the optimum amount of power that should be collected from each producer in the \(S_{i}\) where this amount of power optimizes the fitness value (\(Fitness_{i}\)) as well as satisfies the consumer demand. Table 15 shows the simulation results of multi-source consumer case, however, Table 16 represents the IACO-based energy routing protocol and \(EPSOA\) simulation parameters. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Energy Profile** & \(D1\) & \(D2\) & \(D5\) & \(D6\) \\ \hline Consumer/Prosumer & Consumer & Producer & Prosumer & Producer \\ \(P\) (Kw) & \(-22\) & 9 & 12 & 15 \\ cost (USD/Kw.h) & - & 0.068 & 0.056 & 0.043 \\ Transmission Time (h:m) & 11.00-12:00 & 10:00-12:00 & 09:00–14:00 & 12:00–14:00 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}