esa-sceva/satcom-chunk-collection huggingface dataset:
## 2 Related Work
### Multi-Resource Collaborative Scheduling
[46] proposed a new real-time scheduling model and algorithm that adapts to dynamic environments involving logistics elements. This model extends the preparation time for AGV tasks and designs a real-time information update mechanism to improve schedule robustness. [PERSON] et al. [47] proposed a flexible job shop scheduling model that addresses the coupling of production and logistics scheduling and developed a boosted multi-objective jellyfish search (BMOJS), which demonstrated better productivity and balanced equipment load in workshops with multi-level job priority constraints. [PERSON] et al. [48] achieved production-logistics synchronization control in a dynamic environment through a multi-level digital twin architecture, a two-stage, three-level synchronization mechanism, and a genetic algorithm-based objective cascading method. [49] [PERSON] et al. utilized the Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency algorithm to filter low-distinctiveness data and built a logistics resource allocation recommendation model based on a similarity algorithm-based recommendation system (Recsys) to optimize production logistics management. In summary, most current research on collaborative scheduling in workshops focuses on the coordination between human-machine or machine-logistics resources, while research on the collaborative scheduling of human-machine-logistics resources in smart workshops is still relatively limited. However, under the context of Industry 5.0, the coordinated scheduling of workers, intelligent logistics equipment, and processing equipment will become a critical aspect of workshop management. Therefore, this paper proposes a human-machine-logistics collaborative scheduling method for smart workshops that considers worker learning and forgetting effects (LFE). By leveraging the computational and communication capabilities of industrial internet of things (IIOT), radio frequency identification (RFID), and device-to-device (D2D) technologies, this method aims to achieve real-time collection of worker processing efficiency and other manufacturing resource data, enabling multi-resource real-time interaction. Consequently, task collaboration and allocation can be based on the real-time state of production and logistics resources, achieving high levels of human-machine-logistics synergy and production efficiency, ultimately enabling multi-objective dynamic optimization based on the real-time status of various resources.
# Evolution of Hybrid LiFi-WiFi Networks: A Survey
## 4 The Effect of User Behaviour on HWLNets Performance  
Networks, in general, are affected by users. For traditional RF networks, the number of users and their demand for high data rates due to bandwidth consuming applications affects the speed and usability of the network. In VLC, LiFi standalone network, or HWLNets, factors that influence performance due to light's physical properties are also user's mobility and device orientation following light blockages. All these factors are commonly known by the term user behaviour. This section provides a brief overview of user behaviour models.
## 1 Introduction
This innovation serves as a means of securing the flow of information by safeguarding data and information from potential hacking during transmission or storage. The proposed algorithm has proven to be both secure and efficient in terms of performance and has demonstrated resistance to a variety of attacks. [PERSON] et al. [17] support the idea that the use of fuzzy sets concepts in combination with dynamical systems can be explored in the realm of image encryption. The research conducted by [PERSON] et al. [18] confirms that the logistic map was successfully modified through the integration of triangular fuzzy numbers. This modification led to the emergence of complex chaos characterized by a higher Lyapunov exponent value compared to the conventional map. The proposed modification involves adding fuzzy numbers produced by a membership function to the logistic sine map parameters for the purpose of modification. This approach highlights the potential of integrating fuzzy sets in the development of encryption techniques and demonstrates the value of modifying established dynamical systems to enhance their security. The integration of logistic, Henon, and sine maps with fuzzy numbers is a relatively new area of research. Despite some prior research on this topic, the proposed study aims to explore this area further by combining all of these concepts. In this proposed study, the technique of shuffling and scrambling pixel values has been employed in order to achieve a more effective alteration of image pixels. The intermediary image is generated by the process of summing up pixel values from different rows and columns from a scrambled image to create a new value at a particular position. The triangular membership values obtained from the intermediary image after the diffusion process is used to modify the initial values of the logistic sine maps, as well as the initial parameter values of fuzzy Henon map. The resulting sequence key from these maps is then XORed to create a new, secure, and random sequence of secret keys, which is used in an exclusive operation with the intermediary image. By using the triangular membership values to modify the initial values and parameters of the maps, the resulting encrypted image has a higher level of unpredictability and complexity, which enhances the security of the encryption process.
## 7 Unbalanced PSI-CA Protocol Based on Dual-Cloud Assistance
### Experimental Analysis
#### 7.5.1 Data Computation Volume
Through the meticulous assessment of each protocol's computational types and their time consumptions, it is evident that both the unbalanced PSI-CA protocol based on single-cloud assistance and unbalanced PSI-CA protocol based on dual-cloud assistance exhibit excellent performance in reducing the small health app developer's computational burden, particularly in the efficient execution of multiplication operations. In contrast, the unbalanced PSI-CA protocol based on Cuckoo filter, while potentially offering stronger security provisions, shows some deficiencies in efficiency and timeliness. Therefore, when choosing an appropriate protocol, a balance should be struck based on actual performance requirements and security needs.
## Results and Discussion
### Analytical Applications  
The effectiveness of the proposed method, for the detection of Pb(II) in real samples, was also tested by analyzing tap water, groundwater, and \"produced water\" (a brackish water that is extracted as a by-product from underground during the process of oil and natural gas extraction). The electrochemical determination of Pb(II) was based on SWASV in acidic medium. For this, a quantity of Pb(II) was added to the water samples to obtain a well-known concentration between 10 and 50 uM for each sample. Then, the prepared samples were analyzed using the GrRAC-70% composite sensor under the optimized experimental conditions reported in Section 3.4. The validity of the proposed method for the determination of Pb(II) was evaluated using the standard addition method and recovery studies were conducted on the samples. As shown in Table 2, the recoveries ranged from 89 to 115 (\(n=3\)), indicating that the proposed method can be efficiently applied for the  
Figure 5: SWASV curves of GrRAC-70% recorded for different concentrations of Pb(II) in 0.5 M H\({}_{2}\)SO\({}_{4}\) in the presence of a fixed concentration of interfering metal ions (10 \(\upmu\)mol/L).  
detection of Pb(II) in real water samples. In all cases, the relative standard deviation (RSD) values ranged from 0.3 to 2.1%, which confirms that the developed detection approach is potentially applicable.
## 2 Related Works
### Design Framework of Private Set Intersection Protocol
#### 2.1.2 Design Framework Based on Garbled Circuits  
Garbled circuit technology can transform any function into a Boolean circuit, thereby securely computing the function. Early methods based on universal circuits, like the DPSZ scheme [16], demonstrated how to use arithmetic circuits to solve the set intersection problem: the circuit builder encrypts the circuit gates using a symmetric key, then creates a garbled circuit and sends it to the circuit evaluator. The evaluator decrypts specific paths in the garbled circuit to obtain the intersection results, while being unable to access other paths in the circuit. As the circuit depth increases, its construction complexity also increases. Additionally, PSI protocols based on this circuit design can also perform various symmetric function operations, such as calculating the threshold intersection, the number of intersection elements, and their sum. For adversaries under semi-honest conditions, there are two types of garbled circuits: the Yao [17] protocol and the GMW [18] protocol. [PERSON] et al. [19; 20; 21] and [PERSON] et al., based on hash storage structures and GMW circuits, implemented a more efficient OPRF circuit PSI scheme through private membership tests, reducing the number of comparisons and the depth of circuit equivalence comparisons. Meanwhile, [PERSON] et al. [22] created a semi-honest secure disordered circuit PSI scheme through the combination of Yao circuits, performing equivalence tests and specific sorting on adjacent elements. Despite these advantages, these methods still require additional key calculations and communication processes, such as key exchanges between participants.
# Beam Training for Millimeter-Wave Communication Based on Tabu Table Enhanced Rosenbrock Algorithm
## 5 Tabu-Search-Based Enhanced Rosenbrock Algorithm
### Beam Index Definition  
In this paper, the beam search is performed in a 2-D discrete integer search index space formed by the model of the Tx-Rx beam index. Both uniform linear arrays (ULA) and uniform planar arrays (UPA) will be considered in the following analysis. In the case of UPA, both the horizontal beam direction and the vertical beam direction should be considered for beam transmission and reception. In order to implement beam search in the 2-D beam index plane, we need to define mapping from the beam index to search index.  
Considering the inherent sparse and clustered structure of the beam space, and assuming that the beam is transmitted along the \(h_{t}th\) horizontal direction and the \(v_{t}th\) vertical direction, the search index is denoted by the mapping function of \(I_{t}=index(v_{t},\ h_{t})\) as follows:  
\[I_{t}=index(v_{t},\ h_{t})=\left\{\begin{array}{ll}(v_{t}-1)\cdot H_{t}+(-1) ^{(v_{t}-1)}\cdot h_{t},&if\ v_{t}\ \text{is odd}\\ v_{t}\cdot H_{t}+(-1)^{(v_{t}-1)}\cdot(h_{t}-1),&if\ v_{t}\ \text{is even}\end{array}\right. \tag{13}\]  
The receiver search index \(I_{r}\) is defined by this method similarly.  
The definition of the search index is shown as an example in Table 1, where we set the number of the horizontal beam directions \(H_{t}=H_{r}=32\), and the number of the vertical beam directions \(V_{t}=V_{r}=4\).
## 2 Results and Discussion
### In Situ Epoxidation of Monoalkyl Esters  
In this study, an in-situ epoxidation process was performed under fixed experimental conditions using monoalkyl esters produced via enzymatic esterification in closed or open reactors. The introduction of epoxy oxygen into their chemical structures was determined according to standard methods, and the results are summarized in Table 2. One can observe a similar epoxidation profile for both samples (MAE production in open or closed reactors). The iodine value (IV) for the MAE decreased from 110 g\({}_{\text{I2}}\) per 100 g of esters to 73 g\({}_{\text{I2}}\) per 100 g of esters, corresponding to the conversion of unsaturated bonds into epoxy rings (X) by around 33%. According to Figure S1A,B, the color of the reaction mixtures became light brown, confirming the chemical modification of the produced esters. This partial conversion of double bonds into epoxy groups could be due to the presence of unconverted FFA in the composition, which is corroborated by initial AV values between 5.3 and 5.8 m\({}_{\text{KOH}}\cdot\)g\({}^{-1}\), reducing the epoxidation process [16]. Under these conditions, the maximum experimental epoxy oxygen content (OOC\({}_{\text{exp.}}\)) was 1.75-1.78%. These values correspond to 27% of the theoretical epoxy oxygen content (OOC\({}_{\text{theor.}}\))--around 6.5%. These results also show that this process exhibited high selectivity (above 0.8), suggesting low ring-opening reactions under these conditions, further corroborating previous studies [16; 48].  
Figure 3: Reusability tests after successive esterification batches of FFA from USCO and fused oil conducted in closed and open reactor catalyzed by immobilized ET2.0 on PSty-DVB beads. The reactions were at 40 \({}^{\circ}\)C, 240 rpm, stoichiometric FFA:fused oil molar ratio (1:1), and protein concentration of 5 mg.g\({}^{-1}\) of reaction mixture.
###### Abstract
In this work, 32-bit input data are transmitted wirelessly at a rate of 20 kbps, along with a 2 MHz clock, to control the hexagonal-stimulation digital controller on the receiver side. As the number of pixels increases, the time required to activate all electrodes also increases, which might affect flicker-free vision. Therefore, the proposed digital controller includes a feature to keep the time required to control the pixels within a specific range. Our 256-pixel digital controller focuses on four key aspects:  
1. Designing a compact external transmitter that supplies sufficient power, clock, and data to meet system requirements. 2. Creating a receiver digital controller that generates pulses based on the data received from the transmitter to control resolution, light intensity effects, and ensure flicker-free vision. 3. Generating biphasic pulses on the stimulator using signals from the digital controller. 4. Providing complete control over biphasic pulses to address issues of power leakage, crosstalk, and light intensity.
# A Dual-Band Flexible MIMO Array Antenna for Sub-6 GHz 5G Communications
## 3 1 \(\times\) 2 Array Antenna  
This section elaborates on the development of a 1 \(\times\) 2 array antenna that provides dual-band response and high gain for mid-band applications.
# Increasing the Insertion Loss of Sonic Crystal Noise Barriers with Helmholtz Resonators
## 2 Materials and Methods
### The Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) Method  
The FDTD method uses finite differences as approximations for the spatial and temporal derivatives of the fundamental equations. The method was first proposed by [PERSON] for electromagnetics [37]. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [38] adapted the method to the field of acoustics by converting the momentum conservation and continuity equations into central difference equations, thus obtaining updated formulas for acoustic pressure and particle velocity. The seminal work of [PERSON] et al. showed how efficient FDTD works for band structure calculations [39], and [PERSON] focuses on the study of waveguides based on SCs [14]. FDTD has also been used in recent work on sonic crystals [15; 16; 40; 41; 42]. According to the work of [PERSON] et al. [43], FDTD is not the best method to determine the insertion loss of a SC due due to the ratio between computational cost (memory) and accuracy. The high memory requirement is the main disadvantage of volumetric methods, such as FEM and FDTD. However, in terms of computation time, FDTD stands out from other methods, such as BEM and FEM, because it is a time-domain method that can cover a large frequency range with a single simulation. To ensure the stability of the method, the Courant-Friedrichs-Lewy number must not be greater than 1 [44]. Moreover, this number should be as high as possible to minimize numerical dispersion, i.e., numerical error in phase velocity.  
As with other numerical methods, in FDTD there is a limit to the maximum frequency that can be correctly simulated, which is related to the size of the mesh elements, also known as the spatial step. The typical rule of thumb is 8 elements per wavelength. However, since the numerical model, in this case, contains circular geometries (cylindrical scatterers), it is preferable to define finer meshes to avoid the need to apply conformal methods to minimize the staircase effect. In this work a mesh with square structure has been used.
# Novel Techniques for Microbiological Safety in Meat and Fish Industries
## 5 Novel Thermal Practices  
### Ohmic Heating  
Various trending strategies for the thermal treatment of meat or other food items have become obtainable, which has achieved the recommended degree of microbial decay with lower destruction to the organoleptic and nutritive characteristics of the meat, for, e.g., ohmic heating, dielectric heating, and radiant heating. The term ohmic heat is used to elaborate the direct electric heat resistance of food items. In the case of ohmic heating, a high temperature is created by flowing an electric current through the meat (which has huge resistance). The cycle allows continuous creation, without heat transfer, sterilization or pasteurization at moderately low temperatures. Therefore, damage brought about by heat as in the customary thermal practices is limited. This permits great maintenance of nutrition, just like the upkeep of the organoleptic attributes of meat, creating a high sensation of freshness and buyer fulfillment. Extreme electrical conductivity has been accounted for when beef meat filaments are lined up with the current flow stream, and the expansion of sodium chloride and phosphate, which increment the electrical conductivity, which brings about an increment in the ohmic heating rates and the nature/quality of cooked meat [35].
## 4 Conclusions  
In summary, a highly porous nanofibers film has been fabricated via simple and low-cost electrospinning method followed by a carbonization and air etching process. As expected, the obtained nanofiber thin film exhibits an interconnected porous network and a highly porous surface which significantly increased lithium ion storage sites. It is found that the PCNF anode shows a high invertible capacity of 1138 mAh g\({}^{-1}\) at 0.1 C. Furthermore, a low capacity decrease ratio of \(\sim\)0.013% for each time upon 1000 cycles at 5C and a good discharge capacity of 101.2 mAh g\({}^{-1}\) even at when a high C-rate of 15 C is obtained, shows a favorable cycling property and a good rate performance. The significant enhancement on electrochemical properties can be ascribed to two main factors: (1) the interconnected carbon nanofibers network of the PCNF electrode remarkably improved the conductivity of materials; (2) the hierarchical porous architecture not only provided enough space for storage of more Li\({}^{+}\), but also promoted the carriage transportation of ions and electrons. More interestingly, this work delivers a portable and cheap method to prepare high-perform anode material for lithium ion batteries.  
Conceptualization, J.C.; Data curation, S.F.; Formal analysis, W.L.; Funding acquisition, J.C.; Methodology, J.Y.; Resources, Z.Y.; Writing--original draft, P.Z.; Writing--review & editing, J.C.  
This research was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 21263016, 21363015, 51662029).  
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
###### Abstract  
The Ka-band and higher Q/V band channels can provide an appealing capacity for the future deep-space communications and Space Information Networks (SIN), which are viewed as a primary solution to satisfy the increasing demands for high data rate services. However, Ka-band channel is much more sensitive to the weather conditions than the conventional communication channels. Moreover, due to the huge distance and long propagation delay in SINs, the transmitter can only obtain delayed Channel State Information (CSI) from feedback. In this paper, the noise temperature of time-varying rain attenuation at Ka-band channels is modeled to a two-state Gilbert-Elliot channel, to capture the channel capacity that randomly ranging from good to bad state. An optimal transmission scheme based on Partially Observable Markov Decision Processes (POMDP) is proposed, and the key thresholds for selecting the optimal transmission method in the SIN communications are derived. Simulation results show that our proposed scheme can effectively improve the throughput.  
space information networks; Ka-band; Gilbert-Elliot channel; partially observable Markov decision processes +
Footnote †: journal:  
Article
## Appendix A Feature Extraction Techniques Algorithmic Expression  
```
0: Cardiac cycle \(X_{n}\), and the number of filters \(k\).
0:\(M\) matrix, containing the frequency dynamics of \(X_{n}\), every \(m\) bins, without overlap.
1: Segment \(X_{n}\) into \(N\) windows of constant length \(m\), with no overlap.
2: Define the maximum theoretical frequency for the windows in Hz \(f\).
3: Calculate \(k\) equidistant central frequencies from zero to \(f\) in Mels.
4: Generate the filter bank \(H_{m}[k]\) (Equation (3))
5: for each \(i\) in \(N\)do
6: \(\mathcal{F}\) = Apply \(DWT\) to \(i\) (Equation (1)).
7: \(\mathcal{X}\) = Multiply \(\mathcal{F}\) by \(H_{m}[k]\).
8: Calculate the power of \(\mathcal{X}\) in dB.
9: \(F_{k}\)= Apply \(DCT\) to \(\mathcal{X}\) (Equation (4)).
10: \(M_{n}\)=\(F_{k}\).
11:endfor
```  
**Algorithm A1** MFCC Algorithm  
```
0: Cardiac cycle \(X_{n}\), scaling factors \(L_{s},H_{s}\).
0:\(C\) matrix, containing the frequency dynamics of the cardiac cycle, each time bin.
1:\(\phi(t)\leftarrow\) Morlet mother wavelet (Equation (5)).
2:\(\mathcal{H}=Hilbert(X_{n})\) (Equation (7)).
3: Define a number of subscales or _Voices_.
4:\(\it Scales\leftarrow\) Array from the lowest to the highest scaling factor, such as ([\(L_{s}\):1:\(H_{s}\)]).
5:for\(s\) in Scalesdo
6:for\(v\) in Voicesdo
7: Define subscales such as \(A=(2^{\circ+\frac{k}{\delta}})\)
8:endfor
9:endfor
10:for\(a\) in \(A\)do
11: \(\mathcal{X}(a)=\mathcal{H}\times\psi(a,t)\) (Equation (6)).
12: \(\mathcal{C}_{a}=|\mathcal{X}(a)|\)
13:endfor
```  
**Algorithm A2** CWT Algorithm  
```
0: Cardiac cycle \(X_{n}\), decomposition levels \(l\).
0:\(D\) array, containing the energy at each level of decomposition, in \(m\) bins, for \(X_{n}\).
1: Segment \(X_{n}\) into \(N\) windows of constant length \(m\), with no overlap.
2: Define the low-/high-pass filter [\(h_{j}\),\(g_{j}\)] coefficients (Equation (9)).
3:for\(i\) in \(N\)do
4: \(a_{0}=Downsample(h_{j}(i))\)
5: \(d_{0}=Downsample(g_{j}(i))\)
6: \(Energy[0]\)=\(\Sigma(|d_{0}|^{2})\)
7:for\(j\) in \(l-1\)do
8: \(a_{j+1}=Downsample(h_{j}(a_{j}))\)
9: \(d_{j+1}=Downsample(g_{j}(a_{j}))\)
10: \(Energy[j+1]\)=\(\Sigma(|d_{j+1}|^{2})\)
11:endfor
12:\(Energy[l+1]\)=\(\Sigma(|a_{l}|^{2})\)
13:endfor
14:\(D=\) Sort Energy by level of decomposition.
```  
**Algorithm A3** DWT Algorithm