## 2 Results and Discussion
### Preference and Ranking Determination via Sensory Evaluation  
Sheep placenta fermented with _B. deamine_ kh3 were prepared under optimal conditions. Thereafter, its deodorizing efficacy was evaluated by comparing to the normal sheep placenta and sheep placenta fermented with _B. braxellensis_. The sensory test groups were evaluated by sensory testing of 42 panels and are listed in Table 1 and Supplementary Table S1. The results are expressed as preference and rank scales (Tables 2 and 3, respectively). The preference test was conducted on a scale of 0 (bad smell) to 10 (good smell) at intervals of 2. According to the results of the preference test (Table 2), the average scores of normal sheep placenta, _B. deamine_ kh3, sheep placenta fermented with _B. deamine_ kh3, and sheep placenta fermented with _B. braxellensis_ were 4.48, 5.71, 5.33, and 4.57, respectively. As expected, the normal sheep placenta (SP) and sheep placenta fermented with _B. deamine_ kh3 (SP-BD) received the lowest and highest scores, respectively, and a statistically significant difference (\(p<0.05\)) was observed between the two samples (Table 2). \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Group** & **Sample Information** & **Sheep Placenta** & **Yeast Strain** & **Abbreviation** \\ \hline
1 & Sheep placenta & + & - & SP \\
2 & Sheep placenta fermented & & + & _B. deamine_ & SP-BD \\  & with _B. deamine_ & & + & _B. bruxellensis_ & SP-BB \\
3 & Sheep placenta fermented & & + & _B. braxellensis_ & SP-BB \\  & with _B. braxellensis_ & & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} Both _B. deamine kh3_ and _B. braxellensis_ strains were washed with sterilized water and diluted with sterilized saline solution. The sheep placenta was individually fermented with _B. deamine_ kh3 or _B. braxellensis_, respectively, in the 2% glycerol-containing water for 3 days (SP-BD and SP-BB). In contrast, normal sheep placenta was dissolved with 2% glycerol in water, without a yeast strain, and incubated for the same period. SP, sheep placenta; SP-BD, sheep placenta fermented with _B. deamine_ kh3; SP-BB, sheep placenta fermented with _B. lruxellensis_.  
\end{table} 
Table 1: Information of testing group, for quantitative descriptive sensory analysis, using 42 panels. Figure 4: Quantitative descriptive sensory analysis, using 10 untrained volunteers, for establishing optimal process of the sheep placenta, fermented with _B. deamine_ kh3, depending on (**A**) glycerol concentration, (**B**) volume of yeast suspension, and (**C**) fermentation period. The intensity evaluation of the sensory perception was performed by selecting structured scales of 0 (the worst smell) to 4 or 6 (the best smell; depending on the number of testing factors) at an interval of 1. Results were expressed as sum of individual score. Compared with the sheep placenta-tested group (4.48), the group testing the sheep placenta fermented with _B. bruxellensis_ (4.57) did not exhibit a significant difference (\(p>0.05\)), whereas that of sheep placenta fermented with _B. deamine_ kh3 (5.33) exhibited a significantly higher score (\(p<0.05\)). This indicated that the low preference for normal sheep placenta could be improved by fermentation with _B. deamine_ kh3. Thereafter, a ranking test was performed on three samples: one sheep placenta and two fermented sheep placentae (Table 3). The ranking test was performed by selecting the worst, normal, and best samples by marking numbers 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The test group of the normal sheep placenta was selected as the worst, medium, and best smells from 15, 13, and 14 individuals, respectively. Sheep placentas respectively. Sheep placentas fermented with _B. deamine_ kh3 were selected as the worst, medium, and best smells from 10, 14, and 18 individuals, respectively. Sheep placentas fermented with _B. bruxellensis_ were selected as the worst, medium, and best smells from 17, 15, and 10 individuals, respectively. The average scores of groups tested with the normal sheep placenta, placenta fermented with _B.