# Electricity Losses in Focus: Detection and Reduction Strategies--State of the Art
## 4 Methods to Reduce Energy Losses
### Technical Energy Losses
The research approaches include a range of technical components within power grids, including reconfiguration of power lines, introduction of distributed generators, analysis of switches in the network, as well as transformers in transmission and TS and PTs. In [58], [PERSON] and the rest of the authors have realized a heuristic method for reducing energy losses, this time the reactive power part. These studies on reactive power proved to be very effective, as demonstrated by their analysis of the behavior of the power grid when capacitors were placed in its sensitive nodes. The method, as outlined by the authors, has been shown to result in annual savings of USD 145,000 for the Windsor area, where its implementation has been observed. Therefore, in a separate study [59], the authors investigated the configuration of the power grid to enhance its efficiency by minimizing energy losses. In this paper, the authors analyzed the impact of reconfiguring electrical conductors and introducing capacitor banks on enhancing supply voltage in distribution systems. The optimization techniques implemented in the present study are predicated on meticulous analysis of the requisite power transfer, with the objective of minimizing losses through the meter and ensuring that voltage remains within the legal limits. The results obtained from this analysis demonstrate a substantial decrease when comparing the reconfiguration of conductors and the introduction of capacitor banks. Transformers constitute a substantial proportion of electrical losses within electricity transmission and distribution systems. This aspect of the electrical field has garnered significant interest among researchers. In this regard, [PERSON], [PERSON], and [PERSON] have conducted an analysis in [60] of the operating characteristics of a solid-state transformer, which is regarded as a potential replacement for traditional transformers. The paper presents a proposal for the utilization of such a transformer to reduce power losses in the grid. The authors have proposed a localized optimization algorithm to determine where such a transformer should be located. The results demonstrate that the implementation of these novel transformers leads to a substantial reduction in energy losses within the examined network. An alternative approach was undertaken by [PERSON], [PERSON], and [PERSON] in [61], wherein they addressed the subject of power reduction through the control of power transformers. In this study, a distribution network planning approach was developed to address the allocation of medium- and low-voltage transformers. This approach utilizes multi-objective optimization to resolve the problem of transformer allocation. Therefore, two primary objectives were considered in this study: the reduction of network losses and the minimization of investment costs. To this end, the study addressed three possible scenarios: the base case, medium-term planning, and long-term planning. The algorithm employed for crowd optimization is MOCSA, and the multi-objective optimization MOPSO has been tested and validated in the Pareto front. Following the simulation, two beneficial results were obtained in terms of loss reduction. However, the trade-off against the investment cost is high. Therefore, it is recommended to intervene in the field only in the areas where the high degree of power losses recorded on these medium- and low-voltage transformers are located. The quantity of energy that is dissipated due to losses is a consequence of an inevitable process that arises from the generation of heat through electrical conductors and switching elements. Consequently, the complete elimination of these losses is not feasible. Nevertheless, various solutions aimed at mitigating these losses can contribute to the stability of energy in distribution and transmission systems. Consequently, all the analyses outlined around this problem are important.