## 4 Results and Analysis
### Experimental Analysis Based on Multi-Level Thresholding
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Level**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Image**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**COSCO**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**COWO**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**SCSC0**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**WWA**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**ACW0,CS**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**PSOGSA**} \\  & & **Oisco** & **Keper** & **Oisco** & **Keper** & **Oisco** & **Keper** & **Oisco** & **Keper** & **Oisco** & **Keper** & **Oisco** & **Keper** & **Oisco** & **Keper** \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{**118001**} & Value & -18,504.54 & -5.15 & -18,504.54 & -5.15 & -18,504.54 & -5.15 & -18,504.51 & -5.15 & -18,504.32 & -5.15 & -18,504.54 & -5.15 \\ \cline{2-13}  & STD & 0.00 & 0.00 & 0.00 & 0.00 & 0.00 & 0.00 & 0.00 & 0.00 & 0.13 & 0.00 & 0.00 & 0.00 \\ \cline{2-13}  & Value & -50,507.97 & -5.04 & -60,507.97 & -5.04 & -60,507.97 & -5.04 & -60,507.96 & -5.04 & -60,507.97 & -5.04 & -60,507.97 & -5.04 \\ \cline{2-13}  & STD & 0.00 & 0.00 & 0.00 & 0.00 & 0.00 & 0.00 & 0.02 & 0.00 & 0.06 & 0.00 & 0.00 & 0.00 \\ \cline{2-13}  & Value & -43,504.34 & -4.88 & -63,343.31 & -4.88 & -63,343.31 & -4.88 & -63,343.31 & -4.88 & -63,343.25 & -4.88 & -63,343.31 & -4.88 \\ \cline{2-13}  & STD & 0.00 & 0.00 & 0.00 & 0.00 & 0.00 & 0.00 & 0.00 & 0.00 & 0.00 & 0.00 & 0.00 & 0.00 \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{**230002**} & Value & -20,805.11 & -5.22 & -28,050.11 & -5.22 & -26,085.11 & -5.22 & -26,085.11 & -5.22 & -26,085.08 & -5.22 & -26,084.92 & -5.22 & -26,085.11 & -5.22 \\ \cline{2-13}  & STD & 0.00 & 0.00 & 0.00 & 0.00 & 0.00 & 0.00 & 0.00 & 0.00 & 0.00 & 0.00 & 0.00 & 0.00 & 0.00 \\ \cline{2-13}  & STD & 0.00 & 0.00 & 0.00 & 0.00 & 0.00 & 0.00 & 0.00 & 0.00 & 0.00 & 0.00 & 0.00 & 0.00 & 0.00 \\ \cline{2-13}  & Value & -18,507.04 & -4.99 & -15,507.01 & -4.99 & -15,507.04 & -4.99 & -15,507.04 & -4.99 & -15,507.04 & -4.99 & -15,077.04 & -4.99 \\ \cline{2-13}  & STD & 0.00 & 0.00 & 0.00 & 0.00 & 0.00 & 0.00 & 0.00 & 0.01 & 0.00 & 0.00 & 0.00 & 0.00 & 0.00 \\ \cline{2-13}  & STD & -15,004.56 & -5.16 & -15,094.56 & -5.16 & -15,504.56 & -5.16 & -15,094.56 & -5.16 & -15,094.56 & -5.16 & -15,094.56 & -5.16 \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{**81005**} & Value & -18,504.56 & -5.16 & -15,094.56 & -5.16 & -15,094.56 & -5.16 & -15,094.56 & -5.16 & -15,094.56 & -5.16 & -15,094.56 & -5.16 \\ \cline{2-13}  & STD & 0.00 & 0.00 & 0.00 & 0.00 & 0.00 & 0.00 & 0.00 & 0.00 & 0.06 & 0.00 & 0.00 & 0.00 & 0.00 \\ \cline{2-13}  & STD & -14,041.04 & -4.55 & -14,043.13 & -4.55 & -14,043.13 & -4.55 & -14,043.01 & -4.55 & -14,043.01 & -4.55 & -14,043.01 & -4.55 \\ \cline{2-13}  & STD & 0.00 & 0.00 & 0.00 & 0.00 & 0.00 & 0.00 & 0.00 & 0.13 & 0.00 & 0.00 & 0.00 & 0.00 & 0.00 \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{**360072**} & Value & -17,493.29 & -5.48 & -17,493.29 & -5.48 & -17,493.29 & -5.48 & -17,493.29 & -5.48 & -17,493.23 & -5.48 & -17,493.23 & -5.48 & -17,493.29 & -5.48 \\ \cline{2-13}  & STD & 0.00 & 0.00 & 0.00 & 0.00 & 0.00 & 0.00 & 0.00 & 0.00 & 0.00 & 0.00 & 0.00 & 0.00 & 0.00 \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{**360072**} & Value & -15,896.55 & -5.16 & -15,896.95 & -5.16 & -15,896.95 & -5.16 & -15,969.05 & -5.16 & -15,969.50 & -5.16 & -15,896.95 & -5.16 & -15,896.95 & -5.16 \\ \cline{2-13}  & STD & 0.00 & 0.00 & 0.00 & 0.00 & 0.00 & 0.00 & 0.05 & 0.00 & 0.00 & 0.00 & 0.00 & 0.00 & 0.00 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: The fitness values of the algorithms.