## 3 Experiment and Results
### Experimental Results and Analysis
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Metric**} & \multicolumn{6}{c}{**Wind Speed Forecasting Result**} & \multicolumn{6}{c}{**Wind Power Forecasting Result**} \\ \cline{2-10}  & **MODA-CM2** & **MODA-CM3** & **MODA-CM4** & **MODA-CM5** & **MODA-CM2** & **MODA-CM3** & **MODA-CM4** & **MODA-CM5** \\ \hline MAE & 0.4062 & 0.3719 & 0.3354 & 0.3001 & 40.056 & 36.561 & 33.0686 & 29.6338 \\ RMSE & 0.5721 & 0.5251 & 0.4724 & 0.4235 & 72.7933 & 66.5983 & 59.9124 & 53.9345 \\ STDAPE & 9.23\% & 8.4\% & 7.62\% & 6.83\% & 51.54\% & 46.95\% & 42.60\% & 38.78\% \\ DA & 77.36\% & 79.44\% & 81.63\% & 83.32\% & 75.97\% & 78.15\% & 79.94\% & 81.93\% \\ U1 & 0.051 & 0.0468 & 0.0421 & 0.0378 & 0.0664 & 0.0605 & 0.0546 & 0.0492 \\ U2 & 0.9416 & 0.9313 & 0.9228 & 0.9166 & 0.7976 & 0.8011 & 0.8082 & 0.8168 \\ MAPE & 8.81\% & 8.06\% & 7.27\% & 6.51\% & 17.78\% & 16.21\% & 14.68\% & 13.21\% \\ R\({}^{2}\) & 0.9663 & 0.9716 & 0.9771 & 0.9816 & 0.9798 & 0.9832 & 0.9863 & 0.9879 \\ \hline MAE & 0.3524 & 0.3221 & 0.2917 & 0.2608 & 27.9611 & 25.4445 & 23.082 & 20.5847 \\ RMSE & 0.5098 & 0.4669 & 0.4234 & 0.3783 & 47.9482 & 43.5267 & 39.6267 & 35.2723 \\ STDAPE & 9.39\% & 8.57\% & 7.77\% & 6.90\% & 93.10\% & 85.07\% & 82.63\% & 71.73\% \\ DA & 78.05\% & 79.74\% & 82.03\% & 85.00\% & 75.47\% & 77.66\% & 79.05\% & 81.13\% \\ U1 & 0.0508 & 0.0466 & 0.0422 & 0.0377 & 0.0542 & 0.0492 & 0.0488 & 0.0399 \\ U2 & 0.9873 & 0.9719 & 0.9596 & 0.9502 & 0.9234 & 0.9301 & 0.9345 & 0.9415 \\ MAPE & 8.67\% & 7.93\% & 7.17\% & 6.41\% & 19.52\% & 17.81\% & 16.31\% & 14.49\% \\ R\({}^{2}\) & 0.9719 & 0.9765 & 0.9807 & 0.9846 & 0.9888 & 0.9908 & 0.9924 & 0.994 \\ \hline MAE & 0.4258 & 0.3881 & 0.3521 & 0.3145 & 42.9189 & 39.2509 & 35.4895 & 31.7399 \\ RMSE & 0.6075 & 0.5541 & 0.5036 & 0.4504 & 76.0106 & 69.039 & 62.6796 & 56.1495 \\ STDAPE & 10.77\% & 9.83\% & 89.1\% & 7.97\% & 42.11\% & 40.008\% & 34.50\% & 32.30\% \\ DA & 78.15\% & 79.94\% & 81.63\% & 83.12\% & 77.56\% & 79.74\% & 81.63\% & 82.72\% \\ U1 & 0.0541 & 0.0494 & 0.0404 & 0.0401 & 0.071 & 0.0651 & 0.0586 & 0.0525 \\ U2 & 0.8735 & 0.8645 & 0.8654 & 0.8688 & 0.963 & 0.9666 & 0.9691 & 0.9719 \\ MAPE & 9.47\% & 8.63\% & 7.82\% & 7.00\% & 17.80\% & 16.32\% & 14.69\% & 13.21\% \\ R\({}^{2}\) & 0.9629 & 0.9692 & 0.9747 & 0.9798 & 0.9783 & 0.9818 & 0.9852 & 0.9882 \\ \hline MAE & 0.4195 & 0.3825 & 0.3466 & 0.3111 & 46.5028 & 42.4459 & 38.4124 & 34.4107 \\ RMSE & 0.6343 & 0.5784 & 0.5246 & 0.4716 & 82.4384 & 75.2224 & 68.0996 & 61.1102 \\ STDAPE & 12.47\% & 11.30\% & 10.26\% & 9.22\% & 66.74\% & 62.73\% & 55.86\% & 49.06\% \\ DA & 72.00\% & 72.79\% & 74.58\% & 75.87\% & 72.59\% & 73.00\% & 74.08\% & 75.07\% \\ U1 & 0.0503 & 0.0459 & 0.0416 & 0.0374 & 0.0653 & 0.0596 & 0.054 & 0.0485 \\ U2 & 0.952 & 0.9354 & 0.9269 & 0.9191 & 0.9773 & 0.9768 & 0.9758 & 0.9758 \\ MAPE & 8.31\% & 7.57\% & 6.86\% & 6.16\% & 18.48\% & 16.96\% & 15.26\% & 13.66\% \\ R\({}^{2}\) & 0.9648 & 0.9708 & 0.9761 & 0.9808 & 0.9779 & 0.9816 & 0.9849 & 0.9879 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: Wind speed forecasting results for each site by different models for the first season. For wind speed forecasting at Site 2, the combined model optimized by MODA obtained the best assessment metrics for wind speed forecasting. Specifically, for wind speed forecasting, the MAPE value obtained by the combined model optimized by MOGWO was 10.409%, better than the values obtained by the combined models optimized by MOGWO, MOMVO, and MODE by 0.0019%, 0.0019%, and 0.0048%. These models were ranked from second to last in terms of their forecasting accuracy, respectively. Figure 3 shows the wind power forecasting results for the combined models optimized by four optimization algorithms. For Site 3, all of the combined models optimized by optimization algorithms provided satisfactory wind speed and wind power forecasting results, as proven by their better goodness-of-fit values compared with those of the sub-models (the forecasting results of sub-models shows in Table 2).