## 4 Discussion
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Group** & **TRPV1 Expression** & **GDNF Expression** & **NOS Expression** \\ \hline Normal & 0.47 \(\pm\) 0.03 e & 1.61 \(\pm\) 0.08 a & 0.19 \(\pm\) 0.03 e \\ Control & 1.00 \(\pm\) 0.05 a & 1.00 \(\pm\) 0.05 e & 1.00 \(\pm\) 0.07 a \\ LB & 0.89 \(\pm\) 0.03 b & 1.21 \(\pm\) 0.04 d & 0.87 \(\pm\) 0.02 b \\ LP-YS4-L & 0.74 \(\pm\) 0.04 c & 1.29 \(\pm\) 0.03 c & 0.74 \(\pm\) 0.04 c \\ LP-YS4-H & 0.67 \(\pm\) 0.04 d & 1.39 \(\pm\) 0.06 b & 0.62 \(\pm\) 0.04 d \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} Values presented are the mean \(\pm\) standard deviation (N = 10/group). Fold-ratio: gene (or protein) expression/ \(\beta\)-actin \(\times\) control numerical value (control fold ratio: 1). \({}^{a\star}\) Mean values with different letters in the same column are significantly different (\(p\) < 0.05) according to [PERSON]’s multiple-range test. LB: _Lactobacillus bulgarious_ (1.0 \(\times\) 10\({}^{9}\) colony-forming unit (CFU)/kg body weight (bw)); LP-YS4-L: _Lactobacillus plantarum_ Y54 low dose (1.0 \(\times\) 10\({}^{8}\) CFU/kg bw); LP-YS4-H: _Lactobacillus plantarum_ Y54 high dose (1.0 \(\times\) 10\({}^{9}\) CFU/kg bw).  
\end{table} 
Table 11: Semi-quantitative analysis of TRPV1, GDNF and NOS protein of _Lactobacillus plantarum_ Y54 and _Lactobacillus bulgarcus_ on small intestine tissue of mice (folds of control group). the degree of constipation [9]. In this study, LP-YS4 made the propulsive length and propulsive rate of activated carbon in the small intestine more than that of LB. High-concentration LP-YS1 had more obvious effects. According to the theory of traditional Chinese medicine, the accumulation of cold in the stomach will lead to stagnation of the circulation of vital energy. Ice activated carbon solution can cause difficulty in defecation and induce constipation in mice; this process is similar to the theory of traditional Chinese Medicine [19]. Constipation slows down bowel movements and makes the excrement stuck longer in the intestines, which delays the defecation of first black grain. Shorter time of defecation of first black grain means better bowel movement [9]. In this study, as compared with constipation control group mice, LP-YS4 could significantly reduce the defecation time of first black grain and have good constipation relief function. MTL can stimulate the secretion of popsin and promote bowel movements [20]. GAS plays a very significant role in stomach and intestine, which can promote gastric secretion, bowel movements and can relax pylorus, thus relieving constipation [9]. ET plays an important role in stabilizing vascular tension and maintaining basic cardiovascular system [21]. SS has been used to stimulate bowel movements [22]. They can help alleviate constipation. AChE can regulate muscle contraction and mucus secretion, which can relax the muscles to push the stool out [23]. SP is another substance that helps intestinal peristalsis [24]. It can keep the normal contents of VIP in intestinal walls, which is also an important factor in stabilizing intestinal function [25]. The result of this study also shows that LP-YS1 could keep the serum levels as normal as possible and can relieve constipation to a great extent. ICC (Interstitial cells of Cajal) is the pacemaker cell of intestinal slow wave and also plays an important role in the transmission of intestinal nerve signals, which affects the gastrointestinal function [26]. Studies have shown that ICC density in intestine of patients with constipation is lower than normal people; it reduces the postsynaptic response between ICC and neurotransmitter which makes ICC create spontaneous rhythmic activity of slow wave. This leads to irregular colon movement, affecting intestinal function [26; 27; 28]. c-Kit is the specific marker of ICC and the key to the proliferation of ICC [29]. The concentration of SCF is very important in the reproduction of ICC, because ICC cannot grow without SCF.