## 4 System Design and Goals
### Modification to Message Intervals and New Message Variables
#### 4.4.5 DRI Function
The associated network models for periodic control messages and the total routing control overhead are given in Equations (11) and (12), respectively. The results of our simulation for routing overhead in static scenarios are presented in Figure 16 and they show that our proposed routing protocol significantly outperforms OLSR and OLSRv2 in terms of routing overhead. This superiority is attributed to optimized message exchange strategies, efficient neighbor discovery mechanisms, and dynamic multipoint relay (MPR) selection based on node status. These factors reduce the number of control messages and unnecessary message propagation, resulting in lower routing overhead. Similarly, in our simulation with mobility speeds ranging from 0 to 1 m/s, 2 to 3 m/s, 4 to 5 m/s, and 6 to 10 m/s, our proposed protocol consistently demonstrates lower routing overhead compared to OLSR, OLSRv2, and other improved OLSR versions such as in [42], as displayed in Figure 17. Traditional OLSR and OLSRv2 experience significantly higher routing overhead due to node movements and topology changes. In contrast, our protocol maintains efficient routing with minimal overhead across all network densities, highlighting its robustness and suitability for dynamic wireless environments, thereby offering a more streamlined routing process, leading to improved network scalability and resource efficiency compared to the standard protocols. Figure 14: Energy consumption against number of nodes in static scenario. Figure 15: Energy consumption against number of nodes in mobility scenario. Figure 18 reveals that our proposed routing protocol achieves a higher packet delivery ratio (PDR) compared to OLSR and OLSRv2, attributed to reduced overhearing, improved link management, and proper information base management. By implementing efficient neighbor discovery mechanisms and optimized message exchange strategies, our protocol reduces interference and improves transmission reliability, leading to a higher PDR. Additionally, the protocol focuses on using only reliable and stable links for communication, further boosting the PDR. The programmable listen and base chore periods before and after message broadcasts ensure efficient information base management, resulting in better routing decisions and fewer packet losses. These improvements highlight the protocol's effectiveness in enhancing packet delivery and network performance compared to OLSR and OLSRv2. The simulation results indicate that our proposed protocol outperforms the classical versions of OLSR and the latest improved version of OLSR given in [42] in terms of packet delivery ratio (PDR) across various mobility speeds, as shown in Figure 19. OLSR and OLSRv2 experience a decrease in PDR due to node movements and topology changes. In contrast, our protocol maintains a higher PDR, demonstrating its effectiveness in handling dynamic wireless environments and ensuring reliable packet delivery compared to the standard protocols. Figure 16: Routing overhead against number of nodes in static scenario. Figure 17: Routing overhead against number of nodes in mobility scenario. Our proposed protocol exhibits superior performance in end-to-end delay compared to the classical versions of OLSR and the latest improved version of OLSR given in [42], primarily due to reduced overhearing, improved link management, and efficient information base management, as in Figure 20. By implementing optimized neighbor discovery mechanisms and message exchange strategies, our protocol minimizes unnecessary message propagation and interference, leading to shorter end-to-end delay. Additionally, the protocol's focus on utilizing only active and reliable links for communication enhances link stability, further reducing delay. The use of programmable listen and base chore periods before and after message broadcasts ensures effective information base management, contributing to quicker routing decisions and reduced delay.