## 3 Results
### Effect of Salinity and Alleviation Treatments on Fruit Physiological and Quality Parameters
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Parameters** & **Total** & **Total O-** & **Total** & **Total** & **Total Antho-** & **DPPH** & **FRAP** \\  & **Phenols** & **Diphenyls** & **Flavanols** & **Flavonols** & **cyanins** & **DPPH** & **FRAP** \\ \hline Blank & 2.69 \(\pm\) 0.1 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 1.34 \(\pm\) 0.4 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 0.54 \(\pm\) 0.01 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 0.82 \(\pm\) 0.01 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 25.43 \(\pm\) 0.4 \({}^{\text{b}}\) & 6.98 \(\pm\) 1.2 \({}^{\text{b}}\) & 4.49 \(\pm\) 0.4 \({}^{\text{b}}\) \\ Control & 3.18 \(\pm\) 1.0 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 1.46 \(\pm\) 0.1 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 0.61 \(\pm\) 0.1 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 1.13 \(\pm\) 0.2 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 25.55 \(\pm\) 2.1 \({}^{\text{b}}\) & 8.73 \(\pm\) 0.6 \({}^{\text{ab}}\) & 5.08 \(\pm\) 0.2 \({}^{\text{ab}}\) \\ BETZ & 2.88 \(\pm\) 0.3 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 1.52 \(\pm\) 0.1 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 0.56 \(\pm\) 0.1 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 1.07 \(\pm\) 0.2 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 33.35 \(\pm\) 2.7 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 8.96 \(\pm\) 0.5 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 5.76 \(\pm\) 0.2 \({}^{\text{a}}\) \\ BA & 3.13 \(\pm\) 0.1 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 1.28 \(\pm\) 0.1 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 0.67 \(\pm\) 0.01 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 1.14 \(\pm\) 0.1 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 25.93 \(\pm\) 3.2 \({}^{\text{b}}\) & 8.67 \(\pm\) 1.0 \({}^{\text{ab}}\) & 4.95 \(\pm\) 0.4 \({}^{\text{ab}}\) \\ GB & 2.87 \(\pm\) 0.2 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 1.35 \(\pm\) 0.2 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 0.67 \(\pm\) 0.1 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 1.17 \(\pm\) 0.1 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 31.85 \(\pm\) 4.0 \({}^{\text{ab}}\) & 9.31 \(\pm\) 0.4 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 5.19 \(\pm\) 0.3 \({}^{\text{ab}}\) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}  
* Means (\(\pm\)standard error) within the same column followed by the same letter, are not significantly different based on the Tukey HSD test at a = 0.05.  
\end{table} 
Table 3: Salt stress and alleviating product application effects on strawberry fruit total phenols, total o-diphenylols, total flavanols, and total flavonoids concentration (expressed as mg g\({}^{-1}\) fresh weight), total anthocyanins (expressed as mg 100 g\({}^{-1}\) fresh weight), and antioxidant capacity of strawberry fruit juice, according to DPPH and FRAP assays (expressed as \(\mu\)mol Trolox g\({}^{-1}\) fresh weight). Among the measured organic acids, citric acid was the predominant one, while fumaric acid was detected in a very low amount (Table 5). The fruits deriving from salt-stressed plants presented the highest amounts of ascorbic, malic, citric, and fumaric acids, higher than that determined in fruits after Blank treatment (except for malic acid). Among the alleviating products, fruits from GB-treated plants exhibited a high concentration of all the measured organic acids, while the lowest amount of malic acid was detected in the BETZ-treated plants, lower than that determined in fruits from GB-treated plants. Effects of Salt Stress and Alleviating Product Application on Strawberry Growth Parameters and Toxicity Symptoms  
Salinity reduced leaflet area, while BETZ treatment seemed to be able to alleviate to some extent this negative impact of salt stress (Table 6). Plant AGPM area, and AGPM and root fresh and dry weights were significantly reduced by the imposed salt stress. The AGPM area was reduced on average by 38%, AGPM fresh weight by 60.8%, root fresh weight by 32%, AGPM dry weight by 59%, and root dry weight by 41% in salt-stressed plants compared with Blank treatment. The application of alleviating products did not result in significant changes concerning AGPM area, the number of leaves, or AGPM fresh or dry weights. Nonetheless, GB application resulted in significantly higher yield efficiency than both in Control and Blank treatments, while BETZ enhanced root fresh and dry weights, compared with Control. The highest tolerance index among the amelioration products was achieved after the application of either BETZ or GB with a significant difference from the Control treatment (Table 7). GB application resulted in the lowest SLA but the highest SLW, higher than that measured under Blank conditions.