A favorable effect of peptide modification was also demonstrated for DJK-5, a D-enantiomeric cationic peptide, acting via targeting intracellular ppGpp accumulation and thus, modulating the stress response in bacteria [85]. In previous studies, DJK-5 attracted extensive attention for its broad-spectrum antibiofilm capability [86]. Accordingly, [PERSON] et al. compared its antibiofilm activities with commercial mouthwashes using a model of dental plaque-derived biofilm grown on the surface of dental restorative materials and demonstrated that DJK-5 outperformed conventional mouthwashes in killing bacteria in oral multispecies biofilms [87]. Among the other most recently described antimicrobials, particular attention was given to lactotransferrin-derived AMP LF-1, which is based on the N-terminus of lactotransferrin. [PERSON] et al. demonstrated that LF-1 and LF-2 peptides were effective against _S. mutans_ and _Actinomyces_ species, both in planktonic and biofilm forms, while displaying satisfactory biocompatibility in a rodent model of dental caries [88]. Further studies demonstrated strain selectivity of the peptide, confirming that LF-1 targeted _preferably S. mutans_ over oral commensal bacteria, including _Streptococcus sanguinis_ and _S. gordonii_[89]. Most recently, a considerable gap in the knowledge of the mechanisms of the antimicrobial activity of this molecule has been filled. It was demonstrated that LF-1 peptides limit the acidogenicity and aciduricity of _S. mutans_, and inhibited the adhesion and EPS (exopolysaccharide) synthesis of _S. mutans_, resulting in impaired biofilm formation. Moreover, LF-1-mediated the downregulation of _S. mutans_ gene expression related to cariogenic virulence, and the stress response [90] demonstrated the benefit of this molecule in a potential dental caries treatment. An innovative approach to developing novel AMP-based antimicrobials was also demonstrated by [PERSON] et al. As described recently, the authors synthesized a novel synthetic peptide GAPI via grafting AMP polyphenium I (PI; from the American horseshoe crab _Limulus polyphemus_) to gallic acid (GA), which also displays antimicrobial properties [91]. A conjugate with broad-spectrum activity against oral microbes, including _L. rhamnus_, _L. acidophilus_, _Actinomyces naslundii_, _E. faecalis_, and _P. gingivalis_, was generated, although no selective activities among strains were noted [91]. The possibility of modulating the oral microbiome using AMP-derived synthetic peptides was demonstrated for other derivatives. The LL-31 peptide, a truncated variant of LL-37 lacking the 6 C-terminus amino acid residues as well as D-LL-31, was found to modulate the composition of saliva-derived microbial biofilm via decreasing the relative abundance of _Campylobacter_ while increasing the abundance of _Lactobacillus_ simultaneously. In _P. gingivalis_-enriched biofilm models, the efficacy of the peptide function was impaired, indicating the significance of dysbiosis states for the activity of AMPs [92]. AMP-induced modulation of the oral microbiome was also observed in another clinical study [93] (Table 1). In addition to these reports, new data were recently presented on oral bacteria-produced lentibiotics and their potential use in the treatment of dental disorders [94]. Currently, there is a significant increase in the interest in lentibiotics as alternatives to conventional antibiotics. [PERSON] et al. demonstrated an unidentified structural class of three related lentibiotics (named collectively salivarcin 10), produced by _Streptococcus salivarius_ and reported their targeted antimicrobial properties against known oral pathogens, including multidrug-resistant organisms as well as multispecies biofilms. Importantly, regardless of high antibacterial efficiency against _Streptococcus pneumoniae_, vancomycin-resistant _Enterococcus ficeium_, _P. gingivalis_, or _Neisseria gonorrhoeae_, salivuricin 10 did not inhibit _S. mutans_ and _L. rhamnosus_, demonstrating a considerable selectivity toward pathogenic bacteria.