## 6 Conclusions
### Limitations and Future Study Directions  
This study has several limitations and suggests directions for future research. Firstly, as ARSGs technology is still evolving, future research could use cross-sectional designs to capture changing perceptions and increased familiarity with ARSGs, providing a more comprehensive understanding of privacy concerns over time. Second, although the Korean and U.S. research firms used in this study attempted to recruit a representative sample, there are factors that need to be considered in any online study. The potential pool of respondents willing to take online surveys and share information online may be systematically different from those who are not able or willing to do so. This may be a potential issue when assessing privacy attitudes about new technology. Third, privacy concerns likely vary by culture and context, necessitating the development of culturally sensitive measures. Future studies should explore additional situational factors such as public versus private environments, the purpose of recording, and whether consent was explicitly provided, which would allow more precise comparisons across diverse cultural settings. Lastly, there was a gap in the times of data collection for the two countries (South Korea in 2022 and the U.S. in 2023). It is possible that public attitudes toward ARSGs and privacy concerns may shift over time as technology adoption progresses and societal discourse evolves. Emerging media reports, technological advancements, or high-profile privacy incidents could influence users' perceptions differently across periods. Future studies may benefit from longitudinal designs to capture potential time-sensitive shifts in privacy concerns and technology acceptance.  
The following supporting information can be downloaded at [[https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/app15137430/s1](https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/app15137430/s1)]([https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/app15137430/s1](https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/app15137430/s1)). Table S1: Measurement Items and Scales for Study Variables; Table S2: Study Variables and Their Abbreviations for Analysis.  
The authors confirm their contribution to the paper as follows. Conceptualization, S.J.K. and T.M.C.; Methodology, S.J.K. and T.M.C.; Software, S.J.K.; Validation, S.J.K.; Formal Analysis, S.J.K.; Investigation, S.J.K. and Y.E.L.; Resources, S.J.K. and Y.E.L.; Data Curation, S.J.K. and Y.E.L.; Writing--Original Draft Preparation, S.J.K.; Writing--Review and Editing, S.J.K., Y.E.L. and T.M.C.; Visualization, S.J.K.; Supervision, T.M.C.; Project Administration, T.M.C.; Funding Acquisition, T.M.C. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
This research was funded by Facebook Responsible Innovation; the grant number is CAF 13-21601-00013-05943-001-01 (\"Cross Cultural Attitudes About Visual Privacy\").  
**Institutional Review Board Statement:** The study was conducted according to the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Institutional Review Board of Syracuse University, with the approval reference IRB number 22-150.  
**Informed Consent Statement:** Informed consent was obtained from all subjects involved in the study.  
**Data Availability Statement:** The raw data supporting the conclusions of this article will be made available by the authors on request.  
**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflicts of interest.