# A Survey on Satellite Communication System Security
## 6 Policies and Strategies in Satellite Communication
It aligns with the national cyber security strategy, emphasizing the protection of space assets from evolving cyber threats and preventing the creation of harmful space debris due to malicious activities. The directive advocates for integrating cybersecurity throughout all phases of space system development and emphasizes prevention, active defense, risk management, and sharing best practices. **China:** Since the 2000s, China has experienced significant economic growth, which has enabled it to invest astronomical sums in its space program and develop various military-purpose satellites. The primary goal of China's current policy is to realize President [PERSON]'s \"Chinese Dream\", focusing on developing and launching all space-related technologies independently. To achieve this, China has developed its doctrine and strategy [50]. China publicly advocates for the peaceful use of space and actively seeks international agreements for non-weaponization through the United Nations. Despite this stance, it continues to enhance its counter-space weapons capabilities, including integrating cyberspace, space, and electronic warfare (EW) into its military operations. This strategy evolution aligns with the People's Liberation Army (PLA)'s view of space superiority as a crucial element in conducting \"informatized warfare\", a concept that emphasizes control over information in space to deny adversaries intelligence and communication advantages [128]. China's focus on space operations and counter-space capabilities, which has significantly accelerated since the 1980s, is partly influenced by observing the U.S. military's space-based operations. The PLA perceives space as a key enabler for its forces and likely views counter-space measures as a strategic tool to deter or counter U.S. involvement in regional conflicts. This approach includes targeting reconnaissance, communication, navigation, and early warning satellites to disrupt adversaries' capabilities. **Russia:** Unlike China, Russia has been engaged in space competition with the United States since the Soviet era and has developed a variety of technologies over the years. Therefore, for Russia, maintaining superiority in space and space communication systems was an important factor in the past and continues to be so today [129]. Russia publicly advocates for space arms control agreements to prevent the weaponization of space but simultaneously views space as a critical warfighting domain and believes achieving supremacy in space is key to winning future conflicts. The Russian military doctrine recognizes the expanding importance of space due to its role in precision weapons and satellite-supported information networks. Despite expressing concerns about space weapons and seeking legal agreements to limit U.S. dominance in space, Russia is actively developing a wide array of counter-space capabilities to target U.S. and allied assets. As part of its military modernization, Russia is integrating space services into its armed forces and has over 60 years of technical experience in space. However, Moscow is wary of over-reliance on space for its national defense and has developed terrestrial redundancies for space services potentially denied during wartime. Russia perceives the U.S.'s missile defense and precision-strike capabilities, enabled by space technologies, as a threat to strategic stability and views the U.S.'s dependence on space as a vulnerability to exploit. The Russian counter-space doctrine includes the use of ground-, air-, cyber-, and space-based systems to target adversary satellites with a range of actions, from jamming and sensor blinding to destruction, aiming to deter aggression and control escalation in conflicts by selectively targeting adversary space systems [128]. **Summary:** Recently, the international situation has been unstable. For example, a second Cold War, primarily between the United States and China, is emerging more than it has done in the past, and the ongoing war between Russia and Ukraine continues to fuel this sense of instability.