## 4 Reference Scenario
### What-If Analysis
This approach not only identified concrete and feasible improvement scenarios but also ensured that the solutions were tailored to the specific needs and operational dynamics of the company. The effective integration of advanced simulations into business decision-making established a solid foundation for successful implementation, supporting the company on its path to continuous improvement and increased competitiveness in the dynamic environment of Industry 4.0. At present, the automated welding robot, shown in Figure 10, is being put into operation along with the high-tech adjustment systems, while the expansion of storage systems is being technically studied. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline  & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Process “as Is”**} & **Scenario 1** & **Scenario 2** \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{\% Blocked} & Preparation\_Rood & 45\% & 41\% & 25\% \\ \cline{2-4}  & Laser\_Cutting & 56\% & 41\% & 23\% \\ \cline{2-4}  & Inserts & 57\% & 45\% & 28\% \\ \cline{2-4}  & Fold & 58\% & 46\% & 27\% \\ \cline{2-4}  & Extraction & 58\% & 49\% & 26\% \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{\% Idle} & Online\_Testing & 43\% & 36\% & 33\% \\ \cline{2-4}  & Insertion\_of\_componets & 45\% & 39\% & 31\% \\ \cline{2-4}  & Testing & 43\% & 33\% & 32\% \\ \cline{2-4}  & Testing3 & 45\% & 35\% & 28\% \\ \cline{2-4}  & Storage & 45\% & 41\% & 29\% \\ \cline{2-4}  & Packaging & 50\% & 44\% & 37\% \\ \cline{2-4}  & Assembly & 50\% & 46\% & 36\% \\ \hline Number of cabinets manufactured & & 130 & 158 & 220 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 10: Comparison of simulation results between optimized and non-optimized model. Related research to this study was conducted by [113], who studied the integration of Industry 4.0 principles in an SME specializing in the production of ambulance structures. The company faced inefficiencies due to product customization, which slowed production. Digital transformation included the adoption of an ERP system, Lean philosophy, and a reorganization of operations. The simulation tested the changes, predicting an increase in weekly production from 5.83 to 6.83 plants and a 19.34% reduction in cycle time, thus improving overall efficiency. Instead, in the study by [114], simulation provided a measurable view of potential improvements in adopting Lean principles in an electronics assembly system. Using Witness software v.14, DES allowed testing of various scenarios to optimize operations. Results showed a 55% reduction in part holding time, model changeover time from 11 to 3 min, and a 70% decrease in inventory. Warehouse space was also reduced by 37%, demonstrating the effectiveness of simulation for more informed business decisions. In the study by [115], simulation optimized the assembly line of an industrial gearbox by reducing the \"makespan\" by 94%, from 2.70 to 0.16 h. Using DES, it was possible to model and analyze the entire production flow, identifying bottlenecks and improving resource management and operational efficiency. The simulation enabled the generation of realistic production data, which was monitored in real time via the IoT platform. These data provided a detailed view of performance, allowing KPIs such as daily throughput and OEE to be calculated. Simulation was key to identifying bottlenecks and testing improved solutions in the study conducted by [116] on a flexible manufacturing system for bearing rings. Using Tecnomatix Plant Simulation, the entire process was modeled, enabling optimization of station loading and reduction in downtime. The main bottleneck was identified in the grinding station, suggesting the addition of a parallel station to improve production capacity. Before optimization, the stations were only 25% utilized on average, with workload dispersion ranging from 21.20% to 100%. As a result of the simulation, the efficiency of the stations increased with an operating capacity of 90-100%. Figure 10: Welding robot in run-in phase. How to improve the production efficiency of an industrial brewing plant was studied by [117].