## 5 Results and Discussion
### Glaucoma Classification Results
#### 5.2.1 Classification Results for DRISHTI-GS Dataset
Based on the results obtained from DRISHTI-GS, it was indicated that the Swin Transformer model demonstrated high effectiveness especially when used in a cropped image (one-stage) for glaucoma classification in both the hold-out and three-fold techniques. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{|l l l l l l l l l l l|} \hline
**Models** & **Fold** & **TP** & **TN** & **FP** & **FN** & **R** & **S** & **P** & **F1** & **Acc** \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{DenseNet201+RF} & Fold 1 & 24 & 5 & 5 & 0 & 100 & 50 & 87.83 & 83.54 & 85.29 \\  & Fold 2 & 23 & 2 & 9 & 0 & 100 & 18.18 & 80.97 & 66.53 & 73.53 \\  & Fold 3 & 23 & 5 & 5 & 0 & 100 & 50 & 87.55 & 83.07 & 84.85 \\ \cline{2-11}  & Overlapped & & & & & & & & & \\ \cline{2-11}  & Glaucoma & 70 & 12 & 19 & 0 & 100 & 38.70 & 78.65 & 88.05 & \\  & Normal & 12 & 70 & 0 & 19 & 38.70 & 100 & 100 & 55.80 & \\  & Average & & & & & & 69.35 & 69.35 & 89.33 & 71.93 & 81.22 \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{RESNET50+RF} & Overlapped & & & & & & & & & \\ \cline{2-11}  & Glaucoma & 70 & 12 & 19 & 0 & 100 & 38.70 & 78.65 & 88.05 & \\ \cline{2-11}  & Normal & 12 & 70 & 0 & 19 & 38.70 & 100 & 38.71 & 55.81 & \\ \cline{2-11}  & Average & & & & & & 69.35 & 58.68 & 71.93 & 81.19 \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Inception V3+RF} & Overlapped & & & & & & & & & \\ \cline{2-11}  & Glaucoma & 70 & 10 & 21 & 0 & 100 & 32.26 & 76.92 & 86.96 & \\ \cline{2-11}  & Normal & 10 & 70 & 0 & 21 & 32.26 & 100 & 76.92 & 48.78 & \\ \cline{2-11}  & Average & & & & & 66.13 & 66.13 & 76.92 & 67.87 & 79.26 \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{VGG19+RF} & Overlapped & & & & & & & & & \\ \cline{2-11}  & Glaucoma & 68 & 11 & 20 & 2 & 97.14 & 35.48 & 77.27 & 86.08 & \\ \cline{1-1}  & Normal & 11 & 68 & 2 & 20 & 35.48 & 97.14 & 84.62 & 50 & \\ \cline{1-1}  & Average & & & & & 66.31 & 66.31 & 80.95 & 68.04 & 78.28 \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 8: The RF Model’s three-fold cross-validation classification results for cropped images (two-stage approach) on the DRISHTI-GS dataset. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{|l l l l l l l l l l l l|} \hline
**Models** & **Fold** & **TP** & **TN** & **FP** & **FN** & **R** & **S** & **P** & **F1** & **Acc** \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{VGG19+RF} & Fold 1 & 23 & 6 & 5 & 0 & 100 & 54.55 & 87.92 & 83.85 & 85.29 \\  & Fold 2 & 24 & 6 & 4 & 0 & 100 & 60 & 89.92 & 87.22 & 88.24 \\  & Fold 3 & 23 & 6 & 4 & 0 & 100 & 60 & 89.67 & 86.85 & 87.88 \\ \cline{2-11}  & Overlapped & & & & & & & & & & \\ \cline{2-11}  & Glaucoma & 70 & 18 & 13 & 0 & 100 & 58.06 & 84.34 & 91.50 & \\ \cline{2-11}  & Normal & 18 & 70 & 0 & 13 & 58.06 & 100 & 100 & 73.47 & \\ \cline{2-11}  & Average & & & & & & 79.03 & 92.17 & 82.485 & 87.14 \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{DenseNet201+RF} & Overlapped & & & & & & & & & & \\ \cline{2-11}  & Glaucoma & 70 & 10 & 21 & 0 & 100 & 32.26 & 76.92 & 86.96 & \\ \cline{1-1}  & Normal & 10 & 70 & 0 & 21 & 32.26 & 100 & 76.92 & 48.78 & \\ \cline{1-1}  & Average & & & & & & 77.42 & 77.42 & 91.67 & 80.87 & 86.16 \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Inception V3+RF} & Overlapped & & & & & & & & & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & Glaucoma & 69 & 17 & 14 & 1 & 98.57 & 54.84 & 83.13 & 90.20 & \\ \cline{1-1}  & Normal & 17 & 69 & 1 & 14 & 54.84 & 98.57 & 94.44 & 69.39 & \\ \cline{1-1}  & Average & & & & & & 76.71 & 76.71 & 88.79 & 79.80 & 85.12 \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{RESNET50+RF} & Overlapped & & & & & & & & & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & Glaucoma & 67 & 13 & 18 & 3 & 95.71 & 41.94 & 78.82 & 86.45 & \\ \cline{1-1}  & Normal & 13 & 67 & 3 & 18 & 41.94 & 95.71 & 81.25 & 55.32 & \\ \cline{1-1}  & Average & & & & & & 68.83 & 68.83 & 80.04 & 70.89 & 79.20 \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 9: RF model’s three-fold cross-validation classification result for uncropped images (one-stage approach) on the DRISHTI-GS dataset.