## 1 Introduction
Studies have demonstrated that chitosan-based ODFs exhibit high mucoadhesiveness due to the positive charge of the amino group, which generates strong electrostatic interaction with the negatively charged salic acid residues present in the mucosa [11]. Disintegration times have also been demonstrated below 36 s, and when mixed with various plasticizers such as glycerol or sorbitol, chitosan films have exhibited high tensile strength and flexibility. The versatility of chitosan lies in its biocompatibility, non-toxicity to humans, and biodegradability. Additionally, it possesses antioxidant and antimicrobial properties and the ability to form homogeneous films [12]. On the other hand, starch is a non-ionic polysaccharide characterized by lower mucoadsiveness; however, its interaction with the mucosa is facilitated through interpenetration of the polymer chains. In recent years, starch has been increasingly utilized for the development of thin films for drug delivery applications [13]. The botanical source from which starch is obtained determines its specific composition and microstructural rearrangements, influencing its crystallinity and, consequently, its physicochemical and biological properties. Cassava starch is considered a promising option for the development of ODF, as it has been shown to exhibit low disintegration times (approximately 10 s) and high tensile strength (\(\sim\)30 MPa) [14; 15]. Multiple studies have demonstrated the synergy between starch and chitosan in films that present excellent antimicrobial properties, enabling various applications, including their use in the agricultural and food sectors as coatings for fruits to extend shelf life [16]. Additionally, the development of microparticles from unconventional manufacturing techniques, such as spray drying of starch-chitosan blends in the presence of surfactants, in which a bowl-shaped morphology is guaranteed, allows a potential for another range of applications related to microencapsulation [17]. Another carbohydrate with potential participation as an ingredient in the biofilm matrix is maltodextrin, an oligomer derived from starch, formed by \(\sim\)10 glucose units. Maltodextrin serves as an effective ODF-forming agent [18], providing good viscoelastic and thixotropic properties (3500 mPa.s, total regeneration of the initial structure after 120 s, respectively) and short disintegration times due to its hydrophilic nature [19]. A maltodextrin film showed the capacity to load 13.4 mg of sodium diclofenac [20]; another maltodextrin film showed the capacity to load benzyl-damine hydrochloride [21]. Amylose has also been used for its encapsulation capacity, colorless appearance, and ability to provide thermal and oxidation protection [22; 23]. This exhibits high flexibility, which makes maltodextrin a promising polymer for application in ODF as a formulating agent alone or mixed with other macromolecules. The most commonly used techniques for ODF manufacturing include solvent casting, hot-melt extrusion, and non-conventional methods such as additive manufacturing technologies (e.g., inkjet printing, semisolid extrusion 3D printing, and fused deposition modeling 3D printing). The solvent-casting technique involves dissolving the active compound, film-forming polymers, and additives in a suitable solvent to create a viscous solution or suspension. This mixture is then uniformly poured into a pre-designed mold and subjected to a drying process. The resulting films are characterized based on properties such as content uniformity, thickness, and morphology, among others [5]. In general, oral disintegration films allow the incorporation of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) that can be released in a controlled manner. Interest in the manufacture of ODF by pharmaceutical companies has not been limited to mass production nor personalized medicine. Acetaminophen (A) is one of the most consumed drugs worldwide due to its therapeutic safety, effectiveness, and accessibility [24].