# Touch Matters: The Impact of Physical Contact on Haptic Product Perception in Virtual Reality
## 3 Results
Regarding the sense of presence, the descriptive statistics and box plot are shown in Table 3 and Figure 6b. A statistically significant difference appeared between the experimental conditions when [PERSON]'s test was applied: \(X^{2}(4)=40.59\), \(p<0.001\). Conover post hoc tests were used for the pairwise comparison and showed a significant difference between the R vs. VR, R vs. V, R vs. 3 Di, VR vs. 3 Di, VRPH vs. V, and VRPH vs. 3 Di conditions. The adjusted significance levels in Table 6 were calculated by Bonferroni correction. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**I Like It**} & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**Presence**} \\ \hline
**Pair** & **R Mean** & **t Stat.** & **Sig.** & **Adj. Sig.** & **R Mean** & **t Stat.** & **Sig.** & **Adj. Sig.** \\ \hline R-VR & 0.27 & 0.95 & 0.35 & 1.00 & 1.10 & 3.60 & 0.00 & 0.00 \\ R-VRPH & 0.60 & 2.13 & 0.04 & 0.35 & 0.87 & 2.84 & 0.01 & 0.053 \\ R-V & 0.07 & 0.24 & 0.81 & 1.00 & 1.95 & 6.39 & 0.00 & 0.00 \\ R-3 Di & 0.02 & 0.06 & 0.95 & 1.00 & 2.00 & 6.55 & 0.00 & 0.00 \\ VR-VRPH & 0.87 & 3.08 & 0.00 & 0.03 & 0.23 & 0.76 & 0.45 & 1.00 \\ VR-V & 0.20 & 0.71 & 0.48 & 1.00 & 0.85 & 2.78 & 0.01 & 0.06 \\ VR-3 Di & 0.25 & 0.89 & 0.38 & 1.00 & 0.90 & 2.95 & 0.00 & 0.04 \\ VRPH-V & 0.67 & 2.37 & 0.02 & 0.19 & 1.08 & 3.55 & 0.00 & 0.01 \\ VRPH-3 Di & 0.62 & 2.19 & 0.03 & 0.30 & 1.13 & 3.71 & 0.00 & 0.00 \\ V-3 Di & 0.05 & 0.18 & 0.86 & 1.00 & 0.05 & 0.16 & 0.87 & 1.00 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 6: Adjusted significance levels for the ”I like it” question, sense of presence, and pairwise comparisons. Grey areas depict statistically significant differences. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**SD1 Comfortable–**} & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**SD2 Heavy–**} \\  & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**Uncomfortable**} & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**Light**} \\ \hline
**Pair** & **R Mean** & **t Stat.** & **Sig.** & **Adj. Sig.** & **R Mean** & **t Stat.** & **Sig.** & **Adj. Sig.** \\ \hline R-VR & 0.92 & 2.85 & 0.01 & 0.052 & 0.32 & 0.92 & 0.36 & 1.00 \\ R-VRPH & 0.50 & 1.55 & 0.12 & 1.00 & 0.33 & 0.97 & 0.33 & 1.00 \\ R-V & 0.18 & 0.57 & 0.57 & 1.00 & 0.58 & 1.70 & 0.09 & 0.91 \\ R-3 Di & 0.15 & 0.47 & 0.64 & 1.00 & 0.68 & 1.99 & 0.05 & 0.48 \\ VR-VRPH & 1.42 & 4.40 & 0.00 & 0.00 & 0.65 & 1.90 & 0.06 & 0.60 \\ VR-V & 0.73 & 2.28 & 0.02 & 0.25 & 0.27 & 0.78 & 0.44 & 1.00 \\ VR-3 Di & 0.77 & 2.38 & 0.02 & 0.19 & 0.37 & 1.07 & 0.29 & 1.00 \\ VRPH-V & 0.68 & 2.12 & 0.04 & 0.36 & 0.92 & 2.68 & 0.01 & 0.09 \\ VRPH-3 Di & 0.65 & 2.02 & 0.05 & 0.46 & 1.02 & 2.97 & 0.00 & 0.04 \\ V-3 Di & 0.03 & 0.10 & 0.92 & 1.00 & 0.10 & 0.29 & 0.77 & 1.00 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 5: Adjusted significance levels for the SD1 and SD2 pairwise comparisons. Grey areas denote statistically significant differences. Regarding the confidence on the response, the descriptive statistics and box plot are shown in Table 3 and Figure 6c. No statistically significant difference was found between the experimental conditions after applying [PERSON]'s test: \(X^{2}(4)=45.62\), \(p=0.23\).