## 3 Results
### Recruitment and Sample Selection
#### 3.1.3 Baseline Characteristics of the Study Sample  
Baseline characteristics of the 1030 study participants of the AgeWell.de trial are provided in Table 3. Their mean age was 69.0 (SD = 4.9) years; 52.1% were women. The average duration of the baseline interview was 137.1 min (SD = 35.8) with slight differences between intervention groups A and B (M = 139.9, SD = 33.0; M = 134.5, SD = 37.9, respectively; \(p\) = 0.016). About half of the sample had a medium level of education (53.0%), and about a quarter each had a low (24.4%) or high level (22.6%), as assessed by the CASMIN-classification (Comparative Analysis of Social Mobility in Industrial Nations [34]), \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Variables** & **Overall** & **Eligible** & **Non-Eligible** & **\(p\)-Value** \\  & **(n = 1176)** & **(n = 1132)** & **Non-Eligible** & **(n = 44)** & \(p\)**-Value** \\ \hline Age in years, mean (SD) & 69.0 (4.9) & 69.0 (4.9) & 69.3 (5.7) & 0.765 \\ \hline Sex, female (\%) & 52.0 & 52.1 & 47.7 & 0.567 \\ \hline Education, years (\%) & & & & \\ \(\geq\)10 & 54.4 & 53.5 & 78.6 & \\ 7–9 & 44.2 & 45.1 & 21.4 & \\ <7 & 1.4 & 1.4 & 0 & 0.006 \\ \hline CAIDE-Dementia Risk Score (points); mean (SD) & 10.1 (1.3) & 10.2 (1.2) & 7.4 (1.9) & \textless{}0.001 \\ \hline Systolic blood pressure \textgreater{} 140 mmHg(\%) & 85.0 & 85.6 & 70.5 & 0.006 \\ \hline Total cholesterol \textgreater{} 6.5 mmol/L (\%) & 53.8 & 55.2 & 18.2 & \textless{}0.001 \\ \hline Body mass index \textgreater{} 30 kg/m\({}^{2}\) (\%) & 57.5 & 59.4 & 7.0 & \textless{}0.001 \\ \hline Physical activity at least 2 times/week at least 30 minutes (\%) & 25.6 & 24.8 & 46.5 & 0.001 \\ \hline Intervention A (\%) & 46.4 & 47.4 & 20.5 & \textless{}0.001 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Characteristics of eligible and non-eligible participants in the AgeWell.de trial. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Variables** & **Participants** & **Non-Participants** & **\(p\)-Value** \\  & **(n = 1030)** & **(n = 102)** & **\(p\)-Value** \\ \hline Age in years, mean (SD) & 69.0 (4.9) & 69.7 (4.6) & 0.125 \\ \hline Sex, female (\%) & 52.1 & 52.0 & 0.973 \\ \hline Education, years (\%) & & & \\ \(\geq\)10 & 54.5 & 44.1 & \\ 7–9 & 44.3 & 52.9 & \\ <7 & 1.3 & 2.9 & 0.072 \\ \hline CAIDE-Dementia Risk Score (points); mean (SD) & 10.2 (1.2) & 10.3 (1.3) & 0.421 \\ \hline Systolic blood pressure \textgreater{} 140 mmHg(\%) & 86.8 & 73.5 & \textless{}0.001 \\ \hline Total cholesterol \textgreater{} 6.5 mmol/L (\%) & 55.5 & 52.9 & 0.628 \\ \hline Body mass index \textgreater{} 30 kg/m\({}^{2}\) (\%) & 58.7 & 66.3 & 0.138 \\ \hline Physical activity at least 2 times/week at least 30 min (\%) & 25.2 & 21.6 & 0.425 \\ \hline Intervention A (\%) & 47.3 & 49.0 & 0.737 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Characteristics of participants and non-participants of the AgeWell.de trial. which is based on information on general and vocational education. Almost two thirds (64.6%) were married or in a partnership. Participants in intervention group A did not differ from those in intervention group B with regards to sociodemographic factors. The total MoCA score was 24.5 (SD = 3.1), with no difference between groups. Intervention group A only exhibited slightly better results on the CERAD Word List Learning (M = 19.2, SD = 4.1 vs. M = 18.5, SD = 4.9; \(p\) = 0.024) and CERAD Word List Recall tests (M = 5.9, SD = 2.2 vs. M = 5.6, SD = 2.3; \(p\) = 0.042) compared to intervention group B. There were no group differences with regard to health and lifestyle factors, except for higher systolic blood pressure/SBP (prevalence: 59.0% vs. 49.3%; \(p\) = 0.002; mmHg: M = 147.2, SD = 18.4 vs. M = 144.1, SD = 19.9; \(p\) = 0.012) in intervention group A compared to B.