# A Systematic Review on Virtual Reality Technology for Ancient Ceramic Restoration
## 4 Discussion
### A New Virtual Reality E-Learning Platform on Ceramic Restoration  
According to the review work above, there is rare attention to VR e-learning platforms on ceramic restoration that deems ceramic restoration a professional branch of archaeology and traditional craftsmanship. With the increasing attention of ICH safeguarding, integrating VR technology into ceramic restoration becomes meaningful. Compared to traditional education, the VR-based platform provides a more immersive experience since interaction with the 3D environment is more natural than browsing 2D web pages [55]. The VR-based platform is widely used in education, reducing the cost of learning and bringing new opportunities for individuals [54]. Furthermore, the VR e-learning platform is a comprehensive database including visualization, usability and interaction features of 3D data. In terms of VR-based platforms for ceramic or pottery, scholars including [PERSON], [PERSON] and [PERSON] [50; 51; 56] contribute to transmitting knowledge of ceramic production and cleaning--[PERSON] et al. proposed hand-made ceramic pottery using VR technology combined with traditional methods [56]. [PERSON] focuses on improving the performance of virtual pottery applications by adding unique acoustic resonance as a more likely infinite geometric phenomenon texture mixed with the basic shape. However, an essential topic in this stage concerns how to present the restoration process for ceramics with a VR-based platform to preserve this traditional craftsmanship listed in ICH. To transmit the ceramic restoration knowledge more efficiently and extensively, a VR E-learning platform (Chinese Version 1.0) utilized with 3 DS Max, Maya, Visual Studio and Unity 3D was established by our team after clarifying the design principles of education platforms and understanding specific users' needs. Operation systems include Windows, Unix, IOS and Android. MySQL database is also used in this case. This platform has been awarded a national software copyright patent. It consists of two modules for (i) theory knowledge (relic restoration, restoration instruments, restoration materials) and (ii) restoration practice. The platform allows the users to simulate the entire restoration process of the object by clicking the buttons and following the prompts to select different tools and restoration areas. For example, ultrasonic cleaning and dismantling can be practised (Figure 4). Users can also practice gluing, matching, and shaping, as well as coloring and painting, and adjusting the luster. It is believed all these functions will contribute to the protection of ceramic restoration and the promotion of traditional cultural transmission. In this case, the research question is, does VR technology help to improve users' learning efficiency?This study collected data from a questionnaire ([[https://www.wyx.cn/vm/PwcG7](https://www.wyx.cn/vm/PwcG7) Ds.aspx]([https://www.wyx.cn/vm/PwcG7](https://www.wyx.cn/vm/PwcG7) Ds.aspx) (accessed on 19 June 2023)). The measurement items in the questionnaires include emotional commitment, interactivity, system quality, learning efficiency, and willingness. Based on the \"negative-positive-anchor\" theory [57], the factors influencing migration behavior from traditional online education platforms to VR-based platforms have been analyzed [58]. As users' risk-perception assessments may affect the pull of VR-based platforms [59], emotional commitment is variable. [PERSON] then proposed that interactivity and system quality positively affect users' adoption. In the information-system success model, system quality is generally used to evaluate information systems regarding technical indicators, such as reliability and ease of use. Following that, [PERSON] et al. surveyed the user experience evaluation data of the museum platform. The indicators include evaluation of visual, function, interactivity and information content, among which users most value interactivity and system quality [60].