## 4 Discussion  
DIN is a plant growth regulator belonging to the triazole class of fungicides that inhibits GA biosynthesis, resulting in reduced cell elongation and division, ultimately leading to the production of dwarf plants [37]. By inhibiting the oxidation and methylation of _ent_-kaurene, a precursor of GA, via phytochrome P450, the application of triazole suppresses the biosynthesis of GA [36]. Treating peanut plants (_Arachis hypogaea_ L.) with DIN led to decreases of 33%, 16%, and 19% in plant height, leaf area, and leaf dry weight, respectively, when compared to the control group [44]. Similarly, treatment of tomato seedlings with DIN at a concentration of 30 mg\(\cdot\)L\({}^{-1}\) resulted in reductions of 27.40%, 4.80%, 23.20%, 20.70%, and 27.05% in plant height, leaf number, leaf area, shoot fresh weight, and dry weight, respectively, compared to the control group [45]. These results show a trend similar to those of this study and are commonly attributed to the general effects of DIN. Interestingly, in this study, inflorescence growth showed the highest increase in the DIN 25 mg\(\cdot\)L\({}^{-1}\) treatment group compared to the control group. Paclobutzzol, a triazole similar to DIN, at a concentration of 500 mg\(\cdot\)L\({}^{-1}\), when exogenously applied, increased flower bud size and flowering rate in apples (_Malus domestica_), whereas treatment with GA\({}_{3}\) (750 mg\(\cdot\)L\({}^{-1}\)) had the opposite effect [46]. [PERSON] et al. [47] demonstrated that treatment with GA resulted in a decrease in the number of flower buds in _Citrus reticulata_ Blanco \(\times\)_Citrus temple_ Hort. ex Y. Tanaka. Additionally, the application of GA\({}_{3}\) at a concentration of 40 mg\(\cdot\)L\({}^{-1}\) as a flower induction agent to sweet orange (_Citrus sinensis_ L. [PERSON]) decreased the number of flowers per 100 nodes by 72% compared to the control group. In contrast, treatment with paclobutzzol at 2000 mg\(\cdot\)L\({}^{-1}\) increased the number of flowers per 100 nodes by 123% [48]. According to [PERSON] et al. [49], elevated levels of gibberell lead to the cessation of vegetative growth and upregulation of transcription factor-encoding genes, such as SPLs and LFY. An elevation in gene expression results in a decline in the GA concentration and an amplification in the activity of the DELLA protein. Consequently, the DELLA protein stimulates SPL9 and LFY, which trigger the formation of flowers by activating AP1 [49]. Inhibiting gibberellin with DIN is anticipated to have a positive impact on the floral biomass of hemp by increasing the growth rate, bud size, and number of buds. Nonetheless, it is important to note that the effects of chemical growth regulators like DIN on flowering may differ depending on the plant species and application timing [50]. Female _Cannabis sativa_ is predominantly grown for the production of cannabinoids as they can accumulate the highest concentration of cannabinoids in their unaltered flowers [51]. Two pathways, the fatty acid oxidation pathway and the methylerythnitol  
Figure 4: Total yield of major cannabinoids of female hemp (_Cannabis sativa_ L. ‘Hot blonde’) inflorescence (**A**) and leaf (**B**) following diniconazole applications. The control group did not receive the additional diniconazole treatment. Harvest day is 35 days after reproductive growth transition. Data are means \(\pm\) SD (\(t=3\)). Different letters indicate significant differences among treatments at the level of 5%, according to [PERSON]’s test. 4-phosphate (MEP) pathway, are involved in the biosynthesis of cannabinoids in Cannabis sativa. These pathways result in the production of olivetolic acid (OA) and geranyl diphosphate (GPP), respectively [52]. CBGA is produced through the prenylation of OA and GPP in the plastids, with the involvement of several enzymes, including DXP synthase (DXS), an enzyme in the MEP pathway [53].