## 1 Introduction
### The Definitional Question
They emphasized substitute products made from alternative protein sources, specifically highlighting plant-based meat alternatives (PBMAs), including plants and mushrooms; meat derived from genetically modified organisms (GMOs); and meat grown from tissues and cells in a laboratory setting--referred to as cultured meat. For [PERSON] et al. [6], artificially produced meat includes the subgroups \"cultured meat\" and \"meat analogs\", which branch further into \"in-vitro meat\" and \"GMO\" for the former, and \"vegan meat\" for the latter. A report by FAO and WHO [7] discusses the importance of terminology, emphasizing the need for clear, consistent nomenclature that all stakeholders can agree upon. Such clarity is vital not only because terminology can influence consumer perceptions and behaviors regarding cultured meat, but also to facilitate effective communication among policy authorities, potentially preventing confusion in regulatory discussions. Table 1 in the cited report illustrates the survey results on the primary terms or designations for cell-based foods within four domains. Interestingly, the media has generated a considerable number of unique names that are not reflected in other fields. In the scientific community, the terms most used are \"cultured\", followed by \"cell-based\", \"in-vitro\", \"artificial\", and \"cellular\". [PERSON] et al. [5] presented a typology of artificially produced and theoretically producible meat, categorized by technology. They focused on substitute products from alternative protein sources, particularly plant-based meat alternatives (PBMAs) like plants and mushrooms, meat from genetically modified organisms (GMOs), and cultured meat grown from tissues and cells in a lab. [PERSON] et al. [6] categorize artificially produced meat into \"cultured meat\" (which includes \"in-vitro meat\" and \"GMO\") and \"meat analogs\" (which includes \"vegan meat\"). A FAO and WHO report [7] highlights the necessity of clear terminology for effective communication among stakeholders and regulators, as it influences consumer perceptions. Table 1 of that report shows survey results of common terms for cell-based foods, noting that the media has coined many unique names. In the scientific community, the most frequently used terms are \"cultured\", \"cell-based\", \"in-vitro\", \"artificial\", and \"cellular\". The regulatory landscape for cell-based products shows slight variation, reflecting a lack of established regulations in many countries as of 2023. Until February 2022, the Singapore Food Agency (SFA) was the only entity to include specific guidelines for cell-based food products in its safety certification process, requiring clear terms like \"cultured\", \"cultivated\", and \"cell-based\" to indicate their cellular origin. The SFA also prohibits labels that promote an idealized narrative undermining the safety of competitors [8]. However, this regulation does not eliminate the issue, as companies can still exploit the positive perception of the term \"meat\" [9]. In their study, [PERSON] and [PERSON] [10] emphasize the influence of names on consumer perceptions. A dish's name can evoke its cuisine of origin and suggest the recipe's originality, while food labels shape the perceived characteristics of products. For instance, 'organic' foods are often seen as healthier but less indulgent. The researchers show that attitudes and intentions toward cultured meat vary based on its naming associations. Each name carries specific connotations that impact consumer perception. However, distinctions between in vitro and traditional cultured meat may become less significant over time, like the perception of 'artificial ice' versus 'classic' ice. Consumer opinions pose a significant barrier to the marketing of cultured meat. The authors [10] highlight that the term \"animal-free meat\" can confuse consumers, often linking it to veganism and causing negative perceptions among meat-eaters. In contrast, \"clean meat\" elicits more positive associations.