## 2 Methodology
### Intensity Measures Selection  
IM represents the characteristics of a seismic ground motion. In general, it can be classified into two categories: (1) structure-based IMs, which integrate structural characteristics into intensity measures, and (2) structure-independent IMs, which only consider the features of ground motions. Based on some other parameters, IMs can be further categorized into various groups such as displacement-related, velocity-related, acceleration-related, and time-related. A total of 21 different IMs is considered in this study and are summarized in Table 2. An illustration of 21 IM parameters of a ground motion is provided in Appendix A. A ground motion is characterized by its amplitude, frequency content, and duration [44]. Some reflect only one of these features, while others describe two or three. Peak values like PGA, PGV, and PGD consider only the amplitude of a ground motion, whereas CAV reflects amplitude and duration. Arias Intensity and RMS of acceleration, velocity, and displacement depict all three features, while spectrum acceleration represents amplitude and frequency content features.  
Figure 3: Response spectra of listed ground motions.  
Figure 2: Pushover curve of the model.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l l l l} \hline \hline
**IM** & **Description** & **Definition** & **Units** & **References** \\ \hline \multicolumn{5}{l}{**Structure-Independent**} \\ \hline \multicolumn{5}{l}{_Acceleration-Related_} \\ \hline PGA & Peak Ground Acceleration & Max \(\mid\)_a_(t) \(\mid\), _a_(t) is acc. time history & g & [PERSON] [44] \\ CAV & Cumulative Absolute & \(\int\limits_{0}^{t_{\text{tot}}}a(t)dt\), \(t_{\text{tot}}\) is total duration & cm/s & Reed and Kassawara [45] \\ I\({}_{\text{a}}\) & Arias Intensity & \((\pi/2g)\int\limits_{0}^{t_{\text{tot}}}a^{2}(t)dt\) & m/s & [PERSON] [46] \\ I\({}_{\text{c}}\) & Characteristic Intensity & \((\text{A}_{\text{rms}})^{3/2}\sqrt{t_{\text{tot}}}\) & & [PERSON] et al. [47] \\ A\({}_{\text{rms}}\) & Root-Mean Square of & \(\sqrt{\frac{1}{t_{\text{tot}}}\int\limits_{0}^{t_{\text{tot}}}a^{2}(t)dt}\) & g & Housner and Jennings [48] \\ SMA & Sustained Maximum & Third largest peak in _a_(t) & g & [PERSON] [49] \\ EDA & Effective Design Acceleration & Peak acc. after filtering out frequencies & g & [PERSON] and Kassawara [45] \\ A95 & A95 parameter & Acc. level below which 95\% of the total & g & [PERSON] and Yang [50] \\ \hline \multicolumn{5}{l}{_Velocity-Related_} \\ \hline \multicolumn{5}{l}{PGV} & Peak Ground Velocity & Max \(\mid\)_v_(t) \(\mid\), _v_(t) is vel. time history & cm/s & [PERSON] [44] \\ V\({}_{\text{rms}}\) & Root-Mean Square of & \(\sqrt{\frac{1}{t_{\text{tot}}}\int\limits_{0}^{t_{\text{tot}}}\
u^{2}(t)dt}\) & cm/s & Housner and Jennings [48] \\ SED & Specific Energy Density & \(\int\limits_{0}^{t_{\text{tot}}}\
u^{2}(t)dt\) & cm\({}^{2}\)/s & \\ SMV & Sustained Maximum Velocity & Third largest peak in _v_(t) & cm/s & [PERSON] [49] \\ \hline \multicolumn{5}{l}{_Displacement-Related_} \\ \hline PGD & Peak Ground Displacement & Max \(\mid\)_u_(t) \(\mid\), _u_(t) is disp. time history & cm & [PERSON] [44] \\ D\({}_{\text{rms}}\) & Root-Mean Square of & \(\sqrt{\frac{1}{t_{\text{tot}}}\int\limits_{0}^{t_{\text{tot}}}\
u^{2}(t)dt}\) & cm & Housner and Jennings [48] \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 2: Lists of considered Intensity Measures.  
Figure 4: Overview of obtaining responses of model.