## 1 Introduction
The LEO satellite Internet has the features and benefits of wide coverage, large bandwidth, and low latency, which can effectively improve the timeliness of remote sensing systems [24; 25]. Remote sensing satellites can access satellite Internet as space-based sensing nodes through inter-satellite laser links (ISL). Remote sensing commands and data can be transmitted and forwarded in real time with the assistance of broadband communication satellites, greatly improving the timeliness and efficiency of remote sensing information acquisition. The application mode of adopting such a third-party ISL service is especially suitable for remote sensing satellites that have inter-satellite communication capabilities but have not yet been networked. In the next-generation space architecture proposed by the U.S. Space Development Administration (SDA), the satellites in the Custody Layer transmit remote sensing data via inter-satellite links to LEO broadband communication satellites in the Space Transport Layer, and then the data are transmitted to the Earth Stations via Ka feeder links [26]. In the 2022 SDA report, the planning and progress of utilizing the Space Transport Layer to build a Joint Omni-Area Command and Control capability was elaborated [27]. [PERSON] et al. [12] proposed to integrate communication, navigation, and remote sensing payloads into the satellite platform, and build a multi-functional, multi-satellite, multi-network spatiotemporal system, so as to support near real-time services of space-based information. However, the implementation of ISL can bring many challenges when downloading the remote sensing data to the Earth Station. Firstly, the transmission of data among satellites consumes valuable resources, including the bandwidth, computation, and energy of the satellites. It will inevitably increase the cost of satellite development, and the weight and power consumption of the satellite will also increase accordingly. Secondly, the routing design can be complicated, because scheduling downloads among multiple satellites while simultaneously ensuring the offloading of data from one satellite to another before the scheduled data download to the Earth Station poses a challenge [28]. To handle the problem of computing complexity in large-scale satellite constellations, [PERSON] et al. [29] develop a global space grid, where an efficient calculation method of spatial inter-connection between satellite constellations is proposed based on the concept of \"storage for computing\". To address the problem of scheduling data communication, a collaborative scheme of remote sensing data offloading among satellites using inter-satellite links (ISLs) is proposed in [28; 30]. Reference [30] further develops a joint scheduling algorithm of data offload among the satellites and data downloading from satellites to the Earth Station. In addition, long-term and stable link establishment between satellite laser communication terminals is difficult because this process has high requirements for platform attitude stability and vibration suppression. The link establishment of microwave communication terminals is relatively easy, but it is necessary to solve the problem of frequency usage permission. This study addresses the timeliness problem of the traditional remote sensing system, and proposes a near real-time remote sensing (NRRS) architecture based on the LEO satellite Internet. The rest of this paper is organized as follows. Section 2 presents the overall scheme and workflow of NRRS. Section 3 introduces the key techniques related to the NRRS. Section 4 lists potential application scenarios of NRRS and analyzes its superiority. Section 5 demonstrates the experimental progress based on an LEO test constellation. Section 6 concludes the work.