## 1 Introduction  
The unsustainability of current food systems has resulted in significant environmental consequences, including land degradation, habitat and biodiversity loss, and the pollution of water, soil, and air [1]. Additionally, these systems contribute to negative health outcomes, such as malnutrition, obesity, and various non-communicable diseases [2,3]. In response to these and many other globally pressing issues, the United Nations (UN) has established the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as a roadmap for promoting global sustainability [4, 5, 6]. An immediate outcome of this political initiative has been the incorporation of the 2030 Agenda goals into the national policies of UN member states. The European Union (EU) has formulated a strategy through the adoption of the Green New Deal, which includes the Common Agricultural Policy [7,8]. This strategic framework aims to increase the proportion of organic agriculture to 25% by 2030 across the EU [9]. As an EU member state, Poland is mandated to \"more than double its agricultural area under organic farming by 2030\" [10]. While the organic sector is acknowledged for its contributions to the three dimensions of sustainable food systems (SFSs)--social, environmental, and economic [11]--it remains relatively minor in Poland, exhibiting stagnant dynamics. Currently, 4.4% of Poland's total agricultural land is used for organic farming, in contrast to the EU average of 10.9% [12]. Furthermore, the distribution of organic farmland and operators within Poland is uneven [13]. Warsaw, the capital city of Poland, along with other postsocialist capitals in Central Europe that are part of the Visegrad Group (V4), such as Prague, Budapest, and Bratislava, aims to reach the economic and social standards of the wealthiest countries in Northern and Western Europe. In this year's Financial Times ranking of \"European Cities & Regions of the Future\", Warsaw is maintaining its leading position among Central and Eastern European cities, making its urban transformation a valuable example for other emerging cities [14,15]. It is also the first Polish city to sign and adopt the Milan Urban Food Policy Pact (MUFPP) [16]. The city is actively engaged in developing an urban food policy aimed at sustainable food management to ensure food security, reduce food waste, and promote sustainable consumption [17]. Sustainable food consumption (SFC) is a consumer-driven, holistic concept that encompasses the integrated implementation of sustainable patterns in food consumption and production while respecting the carrying capacities of natural ecosystems. This includes, among others, encouraging plant-rich diets, limiting meat consumption, and choosing sustainable agricultural practices [18,19]. In 2019, only 9% of adults in Poland reported consuming the recommended five portions of fruits and vegetables daily (below the EU average of 12%) [20], and in 2023, the daily consumption of fruits and vegetables reached about 280 g per capita (with the European Union average of 685 g per capita) [21]. Concurrently, meat consumption has steadily increased, reaching 79.2 kg per person annually by 2022 [22,23]. Organic consumption, which constitutes a part of SFC [24], remains relatively low in Poland, with individuals spending on average EUR 8 per capita annually on certified organic food. In comparison, in Switzerland, the country with the highest per capita expenditures on organic food, it is EUR 468 per person per year--a large distinction, even when factoring in higher earnings [12]. The organic market, being a niche market, is similar across all the V4 group countries, with comparable consumer behaviors regarding the purchase of organic food [15]. However, the situation is dynamic, as policies are evolving and cities are establishing strategic sustainable frameworks, e.g., sustainable public procurement [25].