## 5 Medicinal Plants and Obesity
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Plant** & **Plant Family** & **Key Point** & **References** \\ \hline \hline \multicolumn{4}{c}{As a traditional medicine, it may} \\  & & attenuate body mass index, body fat & [147] \\  & & percentage, and body weight loss. & \\ \hline \multicolumn{4}{c}{It has been used as the herbal tea} \\ \multicolumn{4}{c}{_Cyclopia_ spp.} \\ (Honeybush) & Fabaceae & (honeybush), which shows anti-obesity \\  & & effects, especially by targeting \\  & & adipose tissue. & \\ \hline \multicolumn{4}{c}{_Cynara scolymus_ L.} \\ (Artichoke) & Asteraceae & Artichoke has tremendous potency as \\  & & anti-obese agent. & [149] \\ \hline \multicolumn{4}{c}{_Cynometra cauliflora_ [PERSON]} \\ (Nam-nam) & Fabaceae & It can be used for obesity management. & [150] \\ \hline \multicolumn{4}{c}{_Cynomorium songarcium_ [PERSON]} \\ ([PERSON]) & Cynomoriaceae & HCY2, a triterpen-enriched extract of \\  & & Cynomorri Herba treat obesity via the \\  & & regulation of AMPK/PGC1 pathways. & [151] \\ \hline \multicolumn{4}{c}{_Echium angustifolium_ Mill.} \\ \multicolumn{4}{c}{Boraginaceae} \\ \multicolumn{4}{c}{} & & \multicolumn{1}{c}{It can be considered as the potent} \\  & & candidate for oxidative stress, diabetes, \\  & & and obesity. & \\ \hline \multicolumn{4}{c}{OBE100 and OBE104 are natural Eu} \\  & & extracts which are rich in pentacyclic \\  & & triterpen, and can be used to combat \\  & & obesity and diabetes, and treatment with \\  & & OBE100 had better effects than OBE104. & \\ \hline \multicolumn{4}{c}{_Garcinia cambogia_} \\ (Garcinia) & Clusiaceae & \begin{tabular}{c} _Garcinia cambogia_ and Glucomannan \\ decrease weight, alter body composition, \\ regulate lipid and glucose blood profiles \\ in overweight/obese patients. \\ \end{tabular} & [154] \\ \hline \multicolumn{4}{c}{_Gnidia glauca_ (Fres.) [PERSON]} \\ ([PERSON] Posion Bush) & Thymelaaceae & \begin{tabular}{c} It may reduce the body weight, organ \\ weights, anthropometric indices, \\ organo-somatic indices, the total fat \\ content, adiposity index, atherogenic \\ index, and various lipid profiles. \\ \end{tabular} & [155] \\ \hline \multicolumn{4}{c}{_Ganoderma lucidum_ sensu} \\ stricto \\ (Mushroom of immortality) & Ganodermataceae & It has shown anti-obesity effects. & [155; 156] \\ \hline \multicolumn{4}{c}{_Hibiscus sabdariffa_ L.} \\ (Roselle) & Malvaceae & \begin{tabular}{c} Cholesterol and triglycerides levels \\ indicated non-significant reductions in \\ animals treated with _Hibiscus sabdariffa_, \\ with its anti-obesity effect. \\ \end{tabular} & [157] \\ \hline \multicolumn{4}{c}{_Ilex paraquariensis_} \\ (Yebra mate) & Aquifoliaaceae & \
\begin{tabular}{c} After treatment with _Ilex paraquariensis_, a \\ drop in respiratory quotient (RQ) was \\ observed, revealing a rise in the \\ proportion of fat oxidized. \\ \end{tabular} & [158] \\ \hline \multicolumn{4}{c}{_Justicia carnea_ [PERSON]} \\ (The Brazilian plume flower) & Acanthaceae &
\begin{tabular}{c} The methanolic leaf extract of _Justicia_ \\ _carnea_ is a rich natural source of \\ antioxidant and anti-obesity agents \\ which could be optimized for \\ development of new anti-obesity drugs. \\ \end{tabular} & [159] \\ \hline \multicolumn{4}{c}{_Juniperus communis_ L.} \\ (Common Juniper) & Cupressaceae & It is an indigenous plant with significant \\ (Common Juniper) & Cupressaceae & in vitro anti-obesity impacts in \\  & adipocytes differentiation. & [160] \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: _Cont._  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Plant** & **Plant Family** & **Key Point** & **References** \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{_Ligustrum robustum_ [PERSON]} & \multirow{6}{*}{Oleaceae} & In Chinese folk medicine, its leaves are used in the treatment of obesity and hyperlipidemia, and its anti-obesity impact was associated with up-regulation of leptin. \\  & & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & Polysaccharide from _Lobelia chinensis_ lour & \\ \cline{1-1}  & &