## 4 Discussion  
The phytochemical analysis of the thick extracts of the _E. planum_ herb identified the qualitative composition and quantitative content of the main groups of biologically active substances, including flavonoids, hydroxycinnamic acids, tannins, and polysaccharides. Using HPLC, 16 phenolic compounds were identified and quantified in the dense extracts (Table 1). Among all the identified flavonoids, naringenin was dominant (33.97%), while chlorogenic acid (34.05%), sinapic acid (24.37%), and _trans_-cinnamic acid (19.62%) were the most abundant hydroxycinnamic acids. Previously, it was reported that the extracts of _E. planum_ contain mainly flavonoids, especially rutin and isoquercitrin [7, 8], but in our samples, naringenin was the dominant compound. This study conclusively demonstrated that the intragastric administration of _E. planum_ extracts at a dose of 5000 mg/kg does not cause fatalities in animals. There were no changes in behavior or vital signs observed, confirming the absence of toxic effects at this dosage. This establishes the extracts as effectively non-toxic (toxicity class V, LD50 > 5000 mg/kg). As illustrated in Figure 2, body weight consistently increased in all the experimental animals. Macroscopic evaluations of the internal organs across all groups revealed no pathological signs. The organs exhibited an anatomically normal color, shape, size, and position. The heart muscle displayed the correct form, characterized by a dark-red cut surface, while the lungs remained unaffected. The liver, pancreas, and kidneys showed uniform and smooth surfaces, and the spleen was elastic and filled with blood. The _E. planum_ extract EP3 (utilizing 70% ethanol as the solvent) demonstrated moderate antimicrobial activity (as evidenced in Figure 2) against gram-positive microorganisms, including staphylococci, streptococci, and bacilli. Prior research confirmed that _E. anesthythm_ and _E. planum_ possess a broad spectrum of antibacterial and antifungal activity, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 1.944 mg/mL and 1.11 mg/mL, respectively. The antibacterial efficacy of _E. caeruleum_ remedies against six bacterial strains (_Staphylococcus aureus_, _Bacillus subtilis_, _Streptomyces scabies_, _Erwinia amylovora_, _Xanthomonas axonopodis_ pv. _citri_, and _Klebsiella_ sp.) has been conclusively validated in vitro [52]. Thus, the data supporting the antimicrobial activity of _E. planum_ extracts are both original and significant. The sedative activity of _E. planum_ was studied for the first time. It was found that EP3 extract (extractant--70% ethanol) has the most pronounced sedative effect due to a significant decrease in motor activity in the <<Open Field test>> and reduction in concern in the <<Cube tests>>, <<Raised Cross Maze>>, and \"Black and White Camera\". We used the standard behavioral tests, which do not allow us to draw conclusions about the mechanisms of the sedative action of the extracts. This requires further research. It may involve conducting molecular docking to assess the affinity of the main identified compounds in the extracts to the primary receptors of the nervous system. Previously, the molecular docking analysis revealed a high probability of \(\gamma\)-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAAA) and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonism with some of the identified compounds. The results of this study (Figure 4) showed that the administration of _E. planum_ extracts EP1, EP2, and EP3 to animals reduced ALT activity by 26.9%, 30.8%, and 33.8%, respectively, and AST activity by 23.9%, 25.7%, and 30.5%, respectively. The extracts also reduced TBA-reactive substances (TBA-RS) levels in blood serum by 29.3%, 31.5%, and 32.4%, respectively, and in liver homogenates by 59.5%, 65.4%, and 66.8%, respectively, compared to untreated animals. These findings indicate that using _E.