## 4 The Proposed Framework  
Our proposed solution involves establishing a sense of trust among trust-less parties, i.e., farmers who are willing to purchase raw materials and warehouses where all quality seeds can be found. The introduction of blockchain technology also improves relationships with third-party logistics and FCI while efficiently managing the approval of new seeds from various breeders within the framework. A total of five entities play a vital role in this ecosystem, as depicted in Figure 8, i.e., breeders, government agencies (_in our case, the Food Corporation of India (FCI)_), farmers, warehouses, and a third-party logistics company. The entire supply chain, right from the cultivation of seeds, will be digitally recorded to ensure that all the necessary transactions that take place, ranging from approving a particular seed quality to capturing the purchasing history of a farmer, are available in a non-disputable fashion. Entities such as breeders and third-party logistics companies are in a direct relationship with FCI, and their respective roles are highlighted, showing the shift of these manual processes to on-chain recorded processes in a blockchain environment. The proposed algorithms are discussed below. Figure 8: Proposed blockchain-based breeder-farmer system. Figure 7: Consortium blockchain. _Farmer Registration:_ Prior to purchasing any seeds, firstly, the farmer calls Algorithm 1 to register him- or herself. Every farmer \(F_{N}\) is expected to provide his or her phone no. \(F_{P}\), email \(F_{E}\), and unique id \(F_{Id}\). ```
Input: Takes \(F_{N}\), \(F_{P}\), \(F_{E}\), and \(F_{Id}\) as input. Output: Farmer Registered Successfully. ```  
```
1:\(Frm_{Portal}\ \xleftarrow{Input}\ [\xi]\ Farmer:\xi=\left(F_{N},F_{P},F_{E},F_{Id}\right)\)
2:\(F_{E}\ \xleftarrow{T}\ \ \text{{Frm}}\ \ \text{{Frm}}\ \ \text



Transporter Registration: Before participating in the bidding, every transporter needs to register him- or herself on the portal using Algorithm 3. Every transporter \(T_{N}\) is expected to provide his or her phone no. \(T_{P}\), email \(T_{E}\), and unique id \(T_{Id}\). In addition, every transporter enters three preferred locations \(Loc_{i:i\in\{1,2,3\}}\) based on his or her preference for operating services, with \(Loc_{1}\) and \(Loc_{3}\) as the highest and lowest priorities, respectively. ```
Input: Takes \(T_{N}\), \(T_{P}\), \(B_{E}\), \(T_{Id}\), and \(Loc_{i:i\in\{1,2,3\}}\) as input. Output: Transporter Registered Successfully. ```
```
1:\(\mathit{Trp}_{\mathit{Portal}}\xleftarrow{\mathit{Input}}\left[\xi\right]\)\(\mathit{Farmer}:\xi=\left(T_{N},T_{P},T_{E},T_{Id},\right)\)
2:\(T_{E}\xleftarrow{\mathit{T}}\mathit{ Trp}_{\mathit{Portal}}\): \(\tau=\) One-Time Password
3:if\((\mathit{verify}(\tau)=1)\)then
4: Transporter Authenticated
5:else
6: Incorrect \(\tau\) entered
7:endif
8:\(\mathit{Trp}_{\mathit{Portal}}\xleftarrow{\mathit{Transporter}_{\mathit{ Name}}}\mathit{Transporter}\)
9:if\((\mathit{Unique}(\mathit{Transporter}_{\mathit{Name}})==1)\)then
10:\(\mathit{Trp}_{\mathit{Portal}}\xleftarrow{\mathit{password}_{\mathit{Input}}} \mathit{Transporter}\)
11:if\((\mathit{Criteria}(\mathit{Password})==1)\)then
12: Registration Completed
13:else
14: Password criteria mismatch
15:endif
16:else
17: Transporter exists/Choose different name to sign up
18:endif
```

**Algorithm 3** TransReg: Transporter Registration. _Approve Seeds:_ Breeders submit seeds along with their meta-data \(S_{M}\), i.e., the seed name \(S_{N}\) and location \(S_{loc}\), where the seeds are harvested \(S_{\mathit{h}arv}\), and their quantity \(S_{Q}\), to FCI, which calls Algorithm 4 to check the quality of seeds and, based on that, minus an NFT as a certificate, as shown in Figure 9, to approve the seeds or otherwise rejects the seeds. The flowchart for approving seeds is depicted in Figure 10.

Figure 9: NFT minting.