## 4 Literature Review Outcomes
### Interpretation of the Outcomes
Additionally, AM by linking to CC can also change the other components of business models such as supplier relations and key resources. In fact, real-time information sharing by CC and changing production procedures by AM can reduce the waste of inventory and overproduction. Moreover, adding AM machines in traditional production lines can affect scheduling issues. Indeed, AM machines can be useful for producing customized products, meeting unpredicted demand, reducing inventory backlogs, alleviating production interruption due to maintenance. Therefore, this can lead to reducing the waste of motion and waiting in Lean DSC. Moreover, constructing a system based on concurrently applying BDA, IoT, and CC can make SCs more transparent. In fact, sharing the information about inventory level, customer demand, upstream and downstream suppliers, and transportation in a real-time manner can lead to better controlling risks and planning proactive actions for any potential disruptions [76]. In fact, this results in reducing overproduction, inventory, and waiting. As another suggestion, the advent of digital technologies such as BC can be useful for reducing the waste of over-processing in financial transactions by providing trustful data and making the payments easier and reliable [77]. Furthermore, applying BC can promote the efforts and willingness of SC members in constructing the revenue/cost-sharing contracts by enhancing the trust among different SC members. In fact, by doing so with blockchain SC members do not need to make decisions and control various parameters for constructing and keeping the revenue/cost-sharing contracts. In fact, defining and running the smart contract on BC can lead to reducing the over-processing in decision-making for practitioners in such contracts. As mentioned before by facilitating the adoption of such contracts in SC with applying BC leads to determining the prices with less dispute among SC members. Therefore, SC members can construct better coordination and collaboration in revenue/cost-sharing contracts throughout the SC to increase their market share [78]. The latest issue can improve the over-processing activities related to price determination. 3. Supply chain applied methodologies. The high number of research relying on surveys and case studies reflects the scarce maturity of Lean DSC as an emerging field. In fact, currently, researchers explore the relationships between Lean principles and digital technologies by carrying out experimental studies. In this regard, hypothesis testing can be referenced as one of the potential methodologies to complete analysis by surveys and case studies. As a matter of fact, the researcher can develop innovative ideas related to possible effects and applications of Lean DSC and evaluate them in a scientific way by doing hypothesis testing. Additionally, many papers put forward conceptual frameworks, which can help to develop the main ideas of Lean DSC and its application. In fact, their main aim is to provide the baseline for motivating practitioners for real implementation of the Lean DSC concept in a scientific way. Based on Figure 7, optimization models and architecture development are not represented by the available literature. This could stem from the large quantity of data, also about the structure of a Lean DSC, required for developing these methodologies, which can be available only from real implementations of Industry 4.0 technologies. To this end, simulation models can help both academicians and practitioners to evaluate different scenarios about the implementation of Lean DSC before investing in them in the real world. Furthermore, based on the results of Figure 7, there is still room for doing research by SLR to investigate published contributions about individual digital technologies in Lean DSC. In fact, this methodology is valuable since it provides the last state of the art in the field which is beneficial for both practitioners and academicians to adapt their SCs based on the recent knowledge.