# Shoot Phenology in _Bambusoideae_: A Review
## 2 Phenological Studies in Bamboo Species
### Phenological Studies in Temperate Bambos
#### 2.2.7 Phylostachys
With an average temperature of 15.9 \({}^{\circ}\)C during the observation period of shooting, this species began to shoot on the 12 th of May, and the shooting period was 32 days long. _Phylostachys_ dulcis produces new shoot in late April at Jiangsu and Zhejiang in China, and was also introduced to the USA [50]. The shooting period of _P. dulcis_ was studied in Lian, China, with the annual average temperature of that region being 16.5 \({}^{\circ}\)C [42]. The shooting period of this species was from the 15 th of April to 6 th of May in 2014 and 17 th of April to 9 th of May in 2015. The total shooting period was 22 and 23 days, respectively. _P. edulis_, also known as moso bamboo, forms its new shoots in May and is distributed in the Mount Qinling and area around the Han River to the south of the Changjiang River and in Taiwan. It is also cultivated in some area of the Yellow River. Introduced into Japan, Europe, and the USA [50], it is the most economically important species of the genus. In Zhejiang Province in the southeast coast of China, a moso bamboo (_P. edulis_) forest was observed for phenology based on assimilated MODIS LAI time series data [52]. Moso bamboo began to sprout in the middle of March to early April during on years. The shooting period of _P. edulis_ was reported to be completed within 55 days of initiation [57]. _P. pubescens_ (_P. edulis_) was observed for shooting time from the 1 st of December to the last week of February at the bank of the middle and lower reaches of the Yongbu River from 1986 to 1989 with a recorded average temperature of 18-19 \({}^{\circ}\)C [58]. _P. pubescens_ (_P. edulis_) new culm shoot emergence was at the beginning of April, and the sheath fell from the middle of April to the middle of June in Rome, Italy, in 2005 [17], while the new leaves in _P. pubescens_ (_P. edulis_) appeared in June and the maximum expansion was reached in the middle of July. The mean minimum air temperature of the coldest month (February) was 5.6 \({}^{\circ}\)C, and the mean maximum air temperature of the hottest months (July-August) was 31 \({}^{\circ}\)C, while the dry period lasted from May to August (the mean maximum air temperature was 29 \({}^{\circ}\)C). _P. pubescens_ (_P. edulis_) was also studied in Hunan Province to determine the growth dynamics in 2005. The average temperature was 18 \({}^{\circ}\)C. The shooting period of _P. pubescens_ (_P. edulis_) in this study was from the last week of March to the middle ten days of April [59]. The growth and rhythm of the clonal population of moso bamboo (_Phylostachys heterocycla_ cv. _pubescens_, syn. _P. edulis_) were identified [60] in Haiziping, Yunnan Province, China from middle of March to May 2007, with the average temperature of 19 \({}^{\circ}\)C. The authors found the sprouting of shoots began on the 22 nd of March and it lasted about 50 days. Moreover, the highest number of bamboo shoots was found from 29 March to 4 May. The bamboo shoot survival rate was 61.42% while the bamboo shoots were developing for around 51 days. The increase in culm diameter stopped after 21 days of shoot emergence. _P. heterocycla_ (_P. edulis_) was observed for shooting and young bamboo height growth in Hunan Province, China in 2013 [61]. The results showed that the shooting time was from the middle of March to the middle of April, and it lasted about 30 days. Again, in 2016, _P. heterocycla_ (_P. edulis_) was also studied in Hunan Province [62]. In their study, _P. heterocycla_ (_P. edulis_) showed its shooting from mid-March to mid-April and lasted about 33 days. According to their results, the shoot phenology of this species does not seem to change significantly through the years in that province. In their study period [62,63], the average temperature was 17.2 \({}^{\circ}\)C. With the above differences in results in mind, the statement that the daily temperature fluctuation also influences the phenological changesof plants [13] is also verified here.