## 3 Results
### Results of Building Energy Simulations  
Energy calculations, including the determination of the heating and cooling loads of the building, were performed in three variants differing in the type of glazing:  
Variant A--double-glazed system;  
Variant B--triple-glazed system;  
Variant C--quadrup-glazed system. The impact of the factors influencing energy consumption in individual months can be followed in Table 4. As might be expected, in cold climate conditions the dominant component is the energy demand for heating the building. The smallest share in the energy balance, which could practically be ignored, is the consumption of electricity for pumping. The total energy consumption for the location of the house in Bialystok, shown in Figure 5, was 6021 kWh in Variant A, 4678 kWh in Variant B and at least 3849 kWh in Variant C. For the Kiruna site, the total final energy demand was 8336 kWh in Variant A, 6280 kWh in Variant B and 5072 kWh in Variant C, which is about 25% higher on average. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & & & & & & & & & & & & & & \\ \cline{2-13}  & **1** & **2** & **3** & **4** & **5** & **6** & **7** & **8** & **9** & **10** & **11** & **12** & **Sum** \\ \hline \hline  & & & & & & & & & & & & & & \\ \hline \multicolumn{13}{c}{Heating energy [kWh]} \\ \hline A & 646 & 470 & 327 & 166 & 43 & 17 & 12 & 28 & 74 & 232 & 442 & 580 & **3037** \\ \hline B & 452 & 328 & 221 & 108 & 24 & 9 & 7 & 15 & 43 & 160 & 311 & 407 & **2085** \\ \hline C & 376 & 273 & 184 & 90 & 20 & 8 & 6 & 12 & 35 & 135 & 260 & 339 & **1738** \\ \hline \multicolumn{13}{c}{Coiling energy [kWh]} \\ \hline A & 1 & 3 & 17 & 94 & 211 & 282 & 326 & 184 & 126 & 21 & 0 & 0 & **1266** \\ \hline B & 1 & 2 & 15 & 81 & 185 & 250 & 289 & 158 & 106 & 17 & 0 & 0 & **1104** \\ \hline C & 1 & 1 & 9 & 59 & 142 & 198 & 232 & 119 & 78 & 12 & 0 & 0 & **851** \\ \hline \multicolumn{13}{c}{Energy used by fans [kWh]} \\ \hline A & 136 & 123 & 136 & 132 & 136 & 132 & 136 & 136 & 132 & 136 & 132 & 136 & **1606** \\ \hline B & 117 & 106 & 117 & 113 & 117 & 113 & 117 & 117 & 113 & 117 & 113 & **1381** \\ \hline C & 98 & 88 & 98 & 94 & 98 & 94 & 98 & 98 & 94 & 98 & 94 & 98 & **1149** \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: Monthly energy consumption divided into individual components. Assuming Variant A as the base, it can be stated that the use of triple-glazed windows allows for a reduction in energy demand of over 22% for Bialystok and about 24% for Kiruna. The installation of quadruple-glazed windows provides energy savings of 36% for Bialystok and about 39% for Kiruna. The lowest energy consumption can be observed in late summer and early autumn, while the highest energy demand occurs in January. Double-glazed windows are characterised by the highest heat loss compared to other multi-glazed systems. However, as can be seen in Figure 6, this type of glazing allows for the highest passive solar gains. An increase in the number of panes causes a decrease in the solar heat gain coefficient, which is calculated as a fraction of solar radiation transmitted through the window to the interior of the building. In the case of a window consisting of three panes, there is a decrease in heat gains by 32%. In turn, four-pane windows reduce these solar transmission by over 50% compared to double-pane windows in both locations. As can be seen in Figure 6, the heat gains from solar radiation in December and January for the house located in Kiruna are very small due to the high value of the geographical latitude. During the summer, it is necessary to cool occupied spaces, and the priority is to limit the amount of radiation that enters the rooms.