## 1 Introduction
Then, the flexibility of the sound wave was estimated by the pressure disturbance flexibility estimation of the wind speed movement and the compliance event mark was used to detect the tunnel uplift deformation event caused by the pressure change. This method could effectively monitor tunnel uplift deformations; however, it could not achieve long distance measurements, and measurements in the existing tunnel must avoid the tunnel operation period, which consumes more manpower and has a low measurement efficiency. Secondly, the tunnel environment is narrow, causing problems in the layout of monitoring points. If the distribution of points is too dense, the workload will be too large and the single measurement cycle will be too long. If the distribution of points is too sparse, the data accuracy cannot be guaranteed. This will greatly affect the accuracy of subsequent deformation analyses. [PERSON] et al. [7] discussed the application of novel deformation monitoring methods in a long-term monitoring project of tunnels. Through monitoring the inclination of the tunnel's inverted arch uplift surface, the spatial geometric relationship is used to convert the inverted arch uplift change at each monitoring point in the tunnel ring, achieving effective monitoring of tunnel inverted arch uplift deformations. This method can obtain horizontal displacement and vertical displacement in different time periods. However, the effectiveness, synchronism, and scientificity of the monitoring results are reduced, the deformation information of the dam cannot be obtained in real time, and there is a shortfall in that there are few measuring points so that the deformation of an unmonitored area cannot be displayed. [PERSON] et al. [8], with D-InSAR data obtained by Sentinel-1A data combined with detailed hydrogeological and pressure measurement data, analyzed the spatial distribution of tunnel uplift deformations and the ground hydrodynamic parameter model and estimated the size of the uplift deformation, realizing feasible tunnel uplift deformation monitoring. However, this method is based on multi-point monitoring, and less consideration is given to the location of the measuring points and their relationship with other measuring points. It is difficult to accurately and completely reflect the three-dimensional deformation of the tunnel inverted arch uplift, which has certain limitations. [PERSON] et al. [9] used the small baseline subset InSAR time series method combined with the ALOS Pulsar-1 and Sentinel-1 synthetic aperture radar data sets to evaluate the tunnel uplift deformation and used spatiotemporal correlation between the observed deformation and the relevant data sets to identify control factors, effectively monitoring tunnel inverted arch uplift deformations. However, this method is easily affected by terrain, weather, and other factors, which leads to certain restrictions of this method and does not have universality. [PERSON] et al. [10] used ENVISAT radar data to obtain the interference stripe of SAR images and monitor tunnel inverted arch uplift deformations by the two-rail difference interferometry method. This method is faster and more efficient in monitoring tunnel invert deformations; however, it is easily affected by terrain, weather, and other factors, which leads to certain restrictions on this method and does not have universality. Three-dimensional laser scanning technology can quickly obtain the surface features of objects [11]. Like the total station, it can approximately simulate the overall features of objects through the principle of points instead of surfaces. Three-dimensional laser scanning technology has completely overcome the shortcomings of too few measuring points and incomplete representative information in the common measurement method. Three-dimensional laser scanning technology is another technological revolution in the measurement industry after GPS measurement technology [12].