## 3 Results  
Descriptive statistics and comparison of all variables examined between the 2018 FIFA World Cup (FIFA WC), where the VAR system was used for the first time, and the 2020 European Football Championship (EFC), where it was used for the second time, are given in Table 1.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Variable**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Tournament**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**N**} & **Mean Rank** & **Sum of** **Ranks** & **U** & **z** & \(p\) & \(\eta^{2}\) \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Goal Scored} & 2018 FIFA WC & 64 & 56.39 & 3609.00 & \multirow{2}{*}{1529.00} & \multirow{2}{*}{\(-0.59\)} & \multirow{2}{*}{0.552} & \multirow{2}{*}{0.003} \\ \cline{2-3} \cline{5-8}  & 2020 EFC & 51 & 60.02 & 3061.00 & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Yellow Cards} & 2018 FIFA WC & 64 & 61.75 & 3952.00 & \multirow{2}{*}{1392.00} & \multirow{2}{*}{\(-1.37\)} & \multirow{2}{*}{0.170} & \multirow{2}{*}{0.016} \\ \cline{2-3} \cline{5-8}  & 2020 EFC & 51 & 53.29 & 2718.00 & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Red Cards} & 2018 FIFA WC & 64 & 56.59 & 3622.00 & \multirow{2}{*}{1542.00} & \multirow{2}{*}{\(-1.03\)} & \multirow{2}{*}{0.299} & \multirow{2}{*}{0.009} \\ \cline{2-3} \cline{5-8}  & 2020 EFC & 51 & 59.76 & 3048.00 & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{First Half Time} & 2018 FIFA WC & 64 & 61.97 & 3966.00 & \multirow{2}{*}{1378.00} & \multirow{2}{*}{\(-1.48\)} & \multirow{2}{*}{0.138} & \multirow{2}{*}{0.019} \\ \cline{2-3} \cline{5-8}  & 2020 EFC & 51 & 53.02 & 2704.00 & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Second Half Time} & 2018 FIFA WC & 64 & 64.95 & 4157.00 & \multirow{2}{*}{1187.00} & \multirow{2}{*}{\(-2.56\)} & \multirow{2}{*}{0.010 *} & \multirow{2}{*}{0.057} \\ \cline{2-3} \cline{5-8}  & 2020 EFC & 51 & 49.27 & 2513.00 & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Total Match Time} & 2018 FIFA WC & 64 & 65.59 & 4198.00 & \multirow{2}{*}{1146.00} & \multirow{2}{*}{\(-2.77\)} & \multirow{2}{*}{0.005 *} & \multirow{2}{*}{0.067} \\ \cline{2-3} \cline{5-8}  & 2020 EFC & 51 & 48.47 & 2472.00 & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Penalty} & 2018 FIFA WC & 64 & 61.16 & 3914.00 & \multirow{2}{*}{1430.00} & \multirow{2}{*}{\(-1.38\)} & \multirow{2}{*}{0.165} & \multirow{2}{*}{0.016} \\ \cline{2-3} \cline{5-8}  & 2020 EFC & 51 & 54.04 & 2756.00 & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Offside} & 2018 FIFA WC & 64 & 52.16 & 3338.00 & \multirow{2}{*}{1258.00} & \multirow{2}{*}{\(-2.13\)} & \multirow{2}{*}{0.033 *} & \multirow{2}{*}{0.040} \\ \cline{2-3} \cline{5-8}  & 2020 EFC & 51 & 65.33 & 3332.00 & & & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}  
* \(p<0.05\).  
\end{table}
Table 1: Mann–Whitney U test results of the VAR application in 2018 FIFA World Cup and 2020 European Football Championship.  
A significant difference was found in the second half time, total match time and number of offsides between the first big tournament in which the VAR was used and the second big tournament (\(p<0.05\)). As seen in Table 1, there was a decrease in the second half time and total match time of the 2020 European Football Championship. In the second use of the VAR system, it was determined that there was an increase in the number of offsides. There was no significant difference in the number of goals, number of yellow cards, number of red cards, first half time and penalties (\(p>0.05\)). Additionally, the variable differences between the two tournaments are shown in Figure 1.  
Figure 1: Differences of variables with the VAR application in the 2018 FIFA World Cup and the 2020 European Football Championship.