# Enhancing Recognition Memory in Virtual Memory Palaces Using Worlds-in-Miniature
## 5 Results
### Subjective Evaluation
#### 5.2.4 Interview  
The average score from the interview responses was 2.1, suggesting that WIM was generally helpful. The final open-ended question allowed participants to freely share their thoughts, which were categorized into the following two main aspects: memory performance and usability. Memory performance. Participants provided overall positive feedback regarding memory performance. Some mentioned that \"With WIM, it was easy to navigate the world and optimize the process of memorizing paths, but applying WIM to more complex processes in short-term and long-term memory might have shown clearer differences\". Another said, \"The memory palace was effective for memorization, and the inclusion of a miniature helped significantly. Usually, I am not good at remembering faces, but the miniature memory palace allowed me to remember much better\". Others noted, \"I was able to remember for a long time with WIM\", and added, \"It was fascinating that I could recall so much even after a week\". One participant remarked, \"The world-in-miniature was more suitable not only for memory performance but also for gaming and utilization compared to  
Figure 10: Evaluation results summarizing the responses to PSUQ. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**State** & **Oculomotor** & **Disorientation** & **Sickness** \\ \hline With WIM & 31.9 & 25.7 & 28.8 \\ \hline Without WIM & 39.2 & 36.5 & 37.8 \\ \hline Difference & 7.23 & 10.83 & 9.06 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 5: VRSQ evaluation results according to the experiments with and without WIM and their differences. the typical 2D format\". Some participants observed, \"Without WIM, I had to concentrate more on understanding the map, which helped me retain information better\". Another key observation was, \"Although using WIM showed lower immediate performance, it enhanced retention in the long term\". Particularly, one participant highlighted, \"In the second experiment conducted a week later, I was able to clearly remember who was in the room with WIM, whereas without WIM, I got confused between participants from experiments A and B\". Overall, the participants concluded, \"WIM enhanced spatial memory and left a more detailed image in my mind\". However, some participants provided negative feedback regarding memory performance. One participant commented, \"I am not sure if WIM was really helpful for memory recall\". Another said, \"Although I used the memory palace, I am uncertain if it was effective for memorization\". Others noted, \"Without using WIM, I was able to recheck places or avoid going to the ends of the map, which made my memory more efficient\". These insights suggest that the efficacy of WIM needs further verification. Usability: There was generally positive feedback given regarding usability. Participants remarked, \"The experiment using WIM was very interesting, as it resembled an image-scanning method for studying\". Another said, \"Although there was VR motion sickness, it was fun to experience the differences while matching pictures\". One participant noted, \"Having a miniature significantly improved the efficiency of navigation and spatial memory, which made the user experience very convenient\". Others observed, \"I was able to directly experience how spatial cognition affects memory\". Some participants suggested, \"Having a large object in the room might have further aided memory recall\". Another remarked, \"Using VR for memorization was refreshing and more effective than traditional methods\". Despite the generally positive feedback, some usability issues were identified. A few participants noted, \"WIM was helpful for locating the current position, but I am not sure if it actually improved memory recall\". Another said, \"Without WIM, it was much more comfortable\". These responses highlight the need for further refinement of WIM's interface to better meet user expectations. The usability-related feedback partially aligns with the PSSUQ results discussed in Section 5.2.3.