# Super-Wideband Monopole Printed Antenna with Half-Elliptical-Shaped Patch
## 1 Introduction  
Modern-day portable wireless communication systems require a high data rate, capacity, and resolution, and thus, the design of an antenna with a wide frequency range is gaining importance in the field of wireless communication technology. With the advancement of wireless technologies, there is a great demand for compact and enhanced bandwidth antenna with great radiation properties and multiband functionality to support various applications for both civilian and military applications [1; 2; 3]. The compactness of the antenna plays an important role for the integration of RF circuits and handheld devices. The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) designated an unlicensed frequency range of 3.1 to 10.6 GHz for ultra-wideband (UWB) technology in 2002 [4]. A UWB antenna is an antenna with a ratio bandwidth of 3.4:1, which enables short-range and high-speed data transmission between electronic devices. However, the current wireless technology demands a super-wideband (SWB) antenna to cover both short and long-range transmission. An SWB antenna is an antenna with a ratio bandwidth of 10:1 and impedance bandwidth at a 10 dB return loss. Due to its large bandwidth, SWB antennas support high-channel-capacity and high-data-rate applications such as voice and video transmission, making them suitable for various wireless applications along the frequency spectrum. SWB technology can be used in Global Positioning Systems (GPSs), personal communication services (PCSs), industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) applications, Bluetooth technologies, wireless local arena networks (WLANs), microwave imaging devices, satellite communication systems, military defense systems [5; 6], and more recently, massive MIMO applications [7]. An SWB antenna does not have a predefined range of working frequency like a UWB antenna; as long as the antenna bandwidth ratio is 10:1 or more, with a return loss less than\(-10\) dB and a VSWR less than 2 over the range of the frequency, the antenna is considered an SWB antenna. Several wideband antennas for SWB applications have been demonstrated in numerous studies. In previous research by [PERSON] et al. [8], the authors investigated various patch shapes to identify optimal configurations for antennas with high bandwidth ratios. Their findings suggest that circular and elliptical geometries exhibit the most promising results, achieving bandwidth ratios exceeding 10:1. Moreover, in [9], the authors suggest that halving a circular antenna design may improve the impedance bandwidth. The technique of using a semicircular shape for widening the impedance bandwidth is quite popular; as demonstrated in [10], utilizing a circular-like antenna design can significantly broaden the impedance bandwidth when compared to conventional antenna shapes, and it can achieve a wide bandwidth (1 GHz to 19.4 GHz). The combination of a semicircular patch antenna with a coplanar waveguide (CPW) feed technique has been shown to be a promising approach for achieving bandwidth ratios exceeding 10:1, a characteristic of super-wideband (SWB) antennas. In [11, 12], partial semicircular patch antenna combined with modified CPW ground plane (semi-elliptical shape) has been demonstrated to achieve bandwidth ratios exceeding 10:1, reaching 25 GHz and 60 GHz, respectively. A circular phi-shaped patch also shows the same characteristics as a UWB antenna with a frequency range of 2.75 GHz to 71 GHz [13]. Several studies of CPW with a modified ground plane shape [14, 15, 16, 17] and a microstrip antenna with a modified partial ground plane [18, 19, 20] have also been investigated. However, most reported designs achieve bandwidths limited to frequencies above 1.3 GHz. The introduction of a slit or inset at the modified ground plane of microstrip antennas is another promising technique for enhancing the impedance bandwidth [21]. The use of different slit shapes has been studied, with square slits [22, 23, 24], half-circle slits [25, 26], and triangle slits [27] being shown to significantly improve the impedance bandwidth.