# Review of Microsoft HoloLens Applications over the Past Five Years
## 3 Results
### Applications in Medical and Healthcare Fields
#### 3.1.2 Medical Education and Simulation
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{[PERSON] et al. [40]} & \multirow{2}{*}{2020} & Evaluation of surgical & \multirow{2}{*}{19} & \multirow{2}{*}{1} & \multirow{2}{*}{AR} & \multirow{2}{*}{Interaction} \\  & & accuracy in holographic & & & & \\  & & pedicle screw search & & & & \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [41] & 2020 & CT-guided lesion targeting & \multirow{2}{*}{3} & \multirow{2}{*}{2} & \multirow{2}{*}{AR} & \multirow{2}{*}{Interaction} \\  & & using AR guidance & & & & \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [42] & 2020 & Evaluation of the utility of & \multirow{2}{*}{-} & \multirow{2}{*}{1} & \multirow{2}{*}{AR} & \multirow{2}{*}{Visualization} \\ [PERSON] et al. [42] & 2020 & HoloLens for glenoid & & & & \\  & & drilling guides & & & & \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [43] & 2020 & Proposal of automatic flexible & \multirow{2}{*}{1} & \multirow{2}{*}{1} & \multirow{2}{*}{AR} & \multirow{2}{*}{Interaction} \\  & & endoscope control method & & & & \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [44] & 2019 & Proposal of AR-based & \multirow{2}{*}{-} & \multirow{2}{*}{1} & \multirow{2}{*}{AR} & \multirow{2}{*}{Interaction} \\  & & balance rehabilitation & & & & \\  & & method & & & & \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [45] & 2019 & Proposal of AR-based & \multirow{2}{*}{7} & \multirow{2}{*}{1} & \multirow{2}{*}{AR} & \multirow{2}{*}{Interaction} \\  & & shoulder rehabilitation & & & & \\  & & method & & & \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [46] & 2020 & Evaluation of the utility of & \multirow{2}{*}{3} & \multirow{2}{*}{1} & \multirow{2}{*}{MR} & \multirow{2}{*}{Interaction} \\  & & HoloLens for quantification & & & & \\  & & of walking-related data & & & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: _Cont._create the virtual contents and the physical components of the simulator were produced. A quantitative test--to estimate the accuracy of the system, by evaluating the perceived position of an AR target--and qualitative test--to evaluate the workload and usefulness of the HoloLens--were performed. The results showed that the mean and maximum errors matched the requirements of the target application; the overall workload was low; and the self-assessed performance was satisfactory. Moreover, positive feedback was obtained for visual and auditory perceptions, gestures and voice interactions. [PERSON] et al. [51] developed an MR application that is useful for modifying and cutting virtual objects and proposed digital simulations of the surgical operations. Figure 7 shows a perfect match between the real and virtual objects reached using the AR platform, Vuforia. With this tool, it is possible to automatically adjust the virtual model to the correct dimensions and convert the actual 3D printed bones to markers themselves. This approach can achieve high precision in surgical applications. Additionally, because the proposed approach is based on HoloLens, the leap motion device and Unity, it is hands-free and does not require the use of a mouse or computer keyboard. Case studies have confirmed that surgeons can simulate real-world surgery by tracking and rapidly cutting the virtual objects. The cutting time is reduced in this simulation compared to conventional methods; furthermore, the high flexibility of the tool and excellent fidelity of the geometry were confirmed. Figure 6: Scene of performing virtual autopsy using AR device. **(Left)** Display of the setup used in this study. **(Right)** Simulated view seen by the participant [49]. Figure 7: Example of cutting 3D model [51]. [PERSON] et al. [52] developed an AR-based telepresence application that can provide telemedicine-mentoring services. They used HoloLens to capture a first-person perspective of a simulated rural emergency room via MR capture and to provide a telemedicine platform with remote pointing capabilities. The developed application provides a controlled hand model with an attached ultrasound transducer, such that it is easy to set up and run the system. They evaluated the suitability of the developed system for practical use through a user study.