# An Efficient and Reliable Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Network
## 2 Related Work  
According to a literature review in receiver-initiated mesh-based routing [13], flooding is used within the mesh of a group to transmit the packet to the desired destination. This increases the robustness of the network by utilizing more overhead. To overcome the issue of flooding, multicasting and unicasting are the favorable approaches in WSN. The IP multicast service model is used in ERASCA protocol [16] to allow a sender to transmit its data to the receiver group without any previous record/communication with the particular group. In this protocol, the sender is not essential to become part of the group for data transmission. Likewise, the core node is responsible for forming, maintaining, and updating the receiver group through status declaration (SD) message. The connectivity list in ERASCA is formed through SD message, in which all members of the group are connected through intermediate nodes. All the member of the receiver group and forwarding nodes jointly form the mesh through SD message. When the data are received by the mesh member through sender then it is immediately flooded inside the mesh to reach the desired destination. PUMA [14] is using an IP multicast service model for data forwarding within the mesh. It is a receiver-initiated mesh-based protocol and uses the concept of core node to form, maintain, and update the group. The group nodes and intermediate nodes collectively form the mesh. In PUMA, when the source node transmits the packet from the sender to the destined receiver, it passes within the network and reaches the mesh. When the mesh member picks the data, it is flooded inside the mesh to reach the desired destination. ODMRP [19] is a sender-initiated mesh-based routing protocol. The concept of forwarding group for data transmission is used in ODMRP. The idea of the core node is used in ODMRP for the update and maintenance of the group. In ODMRP, the data are transferred from the sender to the destined receiver; then, the sender receives an acknowledgement for the successful reception of the data. On the other hand, if a sender does not entertain ACK, the packet will be transmitted again. This retransmission decreases the efficiency and reliability in terms of overhead, usage of energy and throughput. Likewise, CAMP, AODV [20] and efficient zero-control-packet broadcasting for mobile ad hoc networks (ECHO) [21] are sender-initiated routing protocol and use flooding within the mesh for successful communication. AWFCC [22] is a congestion control algorithm based on clustering approach to improve energy consumption in a wireless sensor network. In AWFCC, nodes are clustered by greedy first search algorithm and packet forwarding are performed through ant colony optimization based routing. This algorithm performs well in low mobility situation but during high mobility cluster head failure situation increases and it starts fresh reconfiguration continuously for the next cluster head. This frequent reconfiguration for the next cluster head effecting its efficiency in term of energy, throughput and extra overhead. However, in ERASCA and EERASCA protocol mirror core is already selected and as soon as the core node (cluster head) failure occur then the mirror core become the core node and the continue the responsibility as a core node without any delay and reconfiguration. FUCARH [23] is used to increase the lifetime of the wireless sensor network by using inter-cluster routing and cluster maintenance approach. In this method, a cluster head is selected through fuzzy logic efficiently and then divide the network into unequal clusters. The unequal clusters are divided on the bases of the remaining energy, distance of cluster head from the neighbors and base station. This protocol fails in situation when the mobility increases because due to increase in mobility the size of the cluster also changes frequently and hence increases the complexity.