## 4 Discussion
### Salinity Stress  
The last part of the experimental procedure was related to the behavior of the varieties with priming treatments, under conditions of salinity stress (80 mM NaCl and 160 mM NaCl). The complex physiology of salt tolerance and the differentiation between species make it difficult to identify individual selection criteria for salt tolerance [85]. The traits measured in the study allow for the assessment of the effect of salinity on the developmental functions of plants; thus, they are useful indicators for the evaluation of resistance and possibly for the selection of resistant species or varieties that can thrive in environments with high salinity [1; 86; 87; 88; 89; 90; 91; 92]. As previously indicated, the results showed that the commercial variety without any treatment (no-priming application) gave satisfactory values for the measured agronomical traits, especially regarding fresh-dry shoot weight and biomass at both salinity levels (approximately the same values as the other treatments). The results indicate that the commercial variety benefited from biopriming (T3) and biopriming/hydropriming treatments (T4), with the choice of treatment depending on the stress level. These treatments helped enhance root and shoot characteristics that were deficient and mitigated the negative effects of salinity (Figures 7, 84, 85 and 88). Increases in plant length and shoot fresh weight were also monitored by [PERSON] et al. [93] using _Bacillus_ sp. in faba bean varieties (_Vicia faba_ L.) under mitigation of salinity stress. Our results are in agreement with studies conducted on white clover and wheat where inoculation with _Bacillus subtilis_ increased shoot and root length and biomass under conditions of increased salinity [94; 95]. The results showed that the local variety, without treatment (no-priming application) at both salinity levels, showed a significant reduction in all growth parameters compared to the other treatments. Regarding the effect of the remaining treatments on the variety, at the low salinity level, the variety utilized the biopriming/hydropriming application (T4) and dramatically improved, with statistically significant differences, all shoot and root growth parameters, compared to the no-priming treatment. Increased stress resistance at a low level of 50 mM NaCl was also documented by [PERSON] et al. [96] in a pot experiment, where inoculation with _Bacillus subtilis_ increased chlorophyll content, plant height and other biochemical parameters of chickpea plants. A study by [PERSON] et al. [97] showed that hydropriming improved germination and growth parameters in potted rapeseed (canola) plants watered with 0.5% NaCl compared to the control. At the high salinity level, the results showed that the local variety benefited from the biopriming application (T3), mainly increasing vegetative characteristics such as fresh and dry shoot weight, shoot length and biomass, and the biopriming/hydropriming application (T4) increasing root characteristics such as fresh root weight, dry root weight and root/shoot ratio (Figures 8, 86, 87 and 89). A study by [PERSON] et al. [98] documented salinity tolerance of chickpea plants inoculated with _Bacillus subtilis_ and increased growth compared to control plants under severe salt stress (200 mM NaCl). Also, [PERSON] et al. [99], using a salt-sensitive and a salt-resistant wheat variety, found that the damage caused by salt stress can be mitigated using PGPR and results in improved growth and yield, such as fresh and dry weight of roots and shoots, root length (RL), and biomass of the sensitive variety. An important finding at high salinity levels, as well as at the advanced growth stage, was that the control of the local variety showed relatively satisfactory performance only for the characteristics of shoot length and root length.