## 1 Introduction  
Nowadays, electron beam (EB) irradiation is a useful method for sterilizing power cable insulation jacketing, preparing biomedical materials, recycling, membrane technology, and improving the thermal and mechanical properties of polymers, as well as polymerization, grafting, and modifying the physicochemical properties of polymers through vulcanization [1; 2; 3]. When exposed to high-energy electron beams, various polymers exhibit distinct features, with the amount of irradiation determining how much the polymer properties improve. Hence, studies on conducting polymers from various perspectives have become an extensive area of interest in research in recent years [4; 5]. Many investigations have been carried out on \"synthetic metals\" (i.e., conducting polymers) because of their unique electronic and optical properties [6; 7]. Conducting or conjugated polymers are considered advanced materials due to their special chemical and physical properties coupled with good environmental stability [8]. Conducting polymers, like polythiophene, polypropylene, polyaniline, and polypropylene, exhibit a high specific area, high surface-to-volume ratios, and electrical conductivity, making them useful in fields, such as solid-state batteries, supercapacitors, sensors, thermoelectric, and energy storage applications [7; 8; 9]. These polymers are attractive due to the delocalization property of \(\pi\)-electrons, which achieves the maximum electrical conductivity through charge mobility along the polymer chain. This makes them applicable in various areas, such as transducers for biosensors and gas sensors, electrodes for rechargeable batteries, electromagnetic shielding, and biomedical applications [10; 11; 12]. Recent developments in science and technology have improved the unique physical and chemical properties of conducting polymers through irradiation. These materials are now used in various scientific areas, including detectors, dosimeters, and biotechnology, with ongoing research seeking further innovations [13; 14]. Inorganic fillers added to the polymer matrix can increase the energy storage density. However, agglomeration, filler phase separation, interfacial phase regions, and matrix crystallinity are the most important elements in improving the energy storage density in these composite materials. Such issues can be addressed using EB irradiation. For example, poly(vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene) was modified with graphene nanoplatelets to improve the dielectric characteristics and energy storage density, which combines the irradiation by EB [15]. The reduced pores improved the film's homogeneity while also improving the surface roughness and hydrophobicity, both of which are related to the dielectric characteristics and energy storage density. Polymers are extremely helpful in everyday life, and among conducting polymers, polyaniline is particularly noteworthy because of its affordable cost, easy polymerization method, and excellent thermal, chemical, and environmental stability under typical circumstances [16]. Polyaniline (PANI) aniline monomer is used more widely than other conductive polymers because of its cheapness, high polymerization efficiency, and conductivity, being unaffected by external conditions, with excellent chemical stability and good thermal properties [17]. PANI has also attracted interest because the amine nitrogen atoms may be protonated and oxidized to change their optical and electrochemical characteristics. Methods like blending with nanoparticles and treatment with salts or acids have been used to improve the conductivity and stability of polyaniline (PANI), with many researchers reporting enhanced characteristics [16; 17]. To further improve the conductivity and stability, as well as to broaden the range of applications, conducting polymers have been irradiated with various sources of energy, such as X-rays [18], \(\gamma\) radiation [19], and EBs [20]. The ion carriers induced through radiation improve the conductivity of PANI.