## 3 Results
### Spatial Interpolation Results and 3D Visualization  
The results of the visualization and analysis by overlaying the 3D air quality distribution model with the oblique photography model are shown in Figures 9-12.  
Figure 13 illustrates that CO\({}_{2}\) concentrations near the ground are higher in densely vegetated areas. This is likely due to rainwater promoting soil microbial activity and plant respiration. Conversely, CO\({}_{2}\) concentrations are lower in plaza and water areas, possibly due to their relatively open nature and good ventilation conditions, which facilitate CO\({}_{2}\) diffusion. Concentrations gradually decrease with increasing height.  
Figure 14 depicts the temperature distribution. Temperatures are relatively higher above water bodies and vegetation, while they are lower above the plaza area. This pattern may be attributed to the higher thermal capacity of water bodies and vegetation, allowing  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Altitude**} & \multicolumn{5}{c}{**Location**} \\ \cline{2-7}  & **Point 1** & **Point 2** & **Point 3** & **Point 4** & **Point 5** & **Point 6** & **Point 7** \\ \hline
20–25 & \(32.52\pm 0.67\) & \(33.92\pm 3.59\) & \(44.55\pm 1.75\) & \(47.64\pm 0.54\) & \(42.25\pm 0.33\) & \(29.56\pm 0.47\) & \(37.85\pm 0.54\) \\  & bcE & bcE & eB & bCA & abC & bF & abcD \\
25–30 & \(32.69\pm 0.73\) & \(33.1\pm 4.18\) & \(45.43\pm 1.85\) & \(47.31\pm 0.82\) & \(42.25\pm 0.24\) & \(29.89\pm 0.54\) & \(37.18\pm 0.54\) \\  & bcE & bcE & bcdeB & cA & abC & bF & ccdD \\
30–35 & \(32.95\pm 0.8\) & \(33.35\pm 3.43\) & \(45.12\pm 1.73\) & \(47.31\pm 0.82\) & \(42.25\pm 0.33\) & \(29.89\pm 0.54\) & \(37.85\pm 0.54\) \\  & bcE & bcE & cdeB & cA & abC & bF & abcD \\
35–40 & \(32.95\pm 0.64\) & \(32.02\pm 3.2\) & \(46.67\pm 0.6\) & \(48.31\pm 0.82\) & \(42\pm 0.29\) & \(30.56\pm 0\) & \(37.85\pm 0.54\) \\  & bcE & cE & aB & aA & bcC & aF & abcD \\
40–45 & \(33.15\pm 0.81\) & \(34.1\pm 0.87\) & \(46.52\pm 0.41\) & \(48.31\pm 0.82\) & \(41.35\pm 0.37\) & \(29.56\pm 0.47\) & \(38.01\pm 0.33\) \\  & abcF & bcE & abB & aA & dC & bG & abD \\
45–50 & \(32.97\pm 0.68\) & \(34.95\pm 0.37\) & \(46.39\pm 1.45\) & \(47.98\pm 0.72\) & \(40.75\pm 0\) & \(28.89\pm 0.27\) & \(38.18\pm 0.27\) \\  & bcF & abE & abB & abA & eC & cG & abD \\
50–55 & \(32.41\pm 0.74\) & \(36.85\pm 0.41\) & \(46.97\pm 1.34\) & \(47.71\pm 0.37\) & \(40.75\pm 0\) & \(28.56\pm 0\) & \(38.51\pm 0\) \\  & cf & aE & aB & abcA & eC & cdG & aD \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 6: _Cont._  
Figure 13: Three-dimensional CO\({}_{2}\) spatial distribution: (**a**) side view and (**b**) top view.  
them to store and slowly release heat. Additionally, although water evaporation typically lowers ambient temperatures, high humidity slows down the evaporation rate, thereby weakening this cooling effect.  
Figure 15 reveals the characteristics of humidity distribution, which is inversely correlated with temperature. Humidity levels are generally lower near the ground but increase gradually with height. Above the boundary between water bodies and vegetation, humidity is relatively higher, likely due to vegetation transpiration and atmospheric mixing effects.  
Figure 14: Three-dimensional temperature spatial distribution: (**a**) side view and (**b**) top view.  
Figure 15: Three-dimensional humidity spatial distribution: (**a**) side view and (**b**) top view.  
Figure 16 displays the distribution of PM\({}_{2.5}\) concentrations. PM\({}_{2.5}\) concentrations are lower above the plaza area, while they are higher above water bodies and vegetation areas, increasing with height. This may result from a combination of high humidity and restricted air movement, leading to particle accumulation in these areas. In contrast, particles are less likely to accumulate in the more open and well-ventilated plaza areas.