## 2 Study Area and Data
### Data  
This study utilizes a total of 23 ascending and 23 descending orbit Sentinel-1A radar images, along with 11 additional datasets for geological hazard risk assessment. These datasets include DEM and derived data (such as slope and aspect), lithology data, fault data, land use data, soil type data, hydrological data, road data, vegetation cover data, and  
Figure 1: Geographical Location of Xiaojin County. precipitation data [22]. Detailed information on each dataset is shown in Table 1, and the parameters of the Sentinel-1A data are shown in Table 2.  
The selection of parameters is based on their key roles in the occurrence mechanism of geological disasters. Among them, the ascending and descending orbit Sentinel-1A radar data provides surface deformation information, which helps to identify potential hidden dangers. DEM and derived data reflect the topographic and geomorphic characteristics, which are crucial for assessing the risk of geological disasters. Stratigraphic lithology and fault data reveal the geological structural background. Land use and soil type data reflect the surface cover and soil properties. Water system and road data reveal the impact of river erosion and human engineering activities on the instability of geological structures. Vegetation coverage and rainfall data reflect surface protection and rainfall intensity, respectively, which have an important impact on the assessment of geological disaster risks. Comprehensively considering the impact of each evaluation factor in the assessment of geological hazard risk can more comprehensively assess the risk of geological disasters. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**Data** & **Evaluation Factors** & **Resolution** & **Data Source** \\ \hline Sentinel-1A & InSAR deformation & 20 m & [[https://dataspace.copernicus.eu/](https://dataspace.copernicus.eu/)]([https://dataspace.copernicus.eu/](https://dataspace.copernicus.eu/)) (accessed on 10 May 2023) \\ DEM & Slope, aspect, and terrain & 30 m & [[http://strm.csi.cgiar.org/strmdata](http://strm.csi.cgiar.org/strmdata)]([http://strm.csi.cgiar.org/strmdata](http://strm.csi.cgiar.org/strmdata)) (accessed on 10 May 2023) \\ Stratigraphic lithology & Stratigraphic lithology & 2 km & [[https://www.ngac.cn/](https://www.ngac.cn/)]([https://www.ngac.cn/](https://www.ngac.cn/)) (accessed on 12 May 2023) \\ Fault zone & Distance from the fault & 2 km & [[https://www.ngac.cn/](https://www.ngac.cn/)]([https://www.ngac.cn/](https://www.ngac.cn/)) (accessed on 10 June 2023) \\ Land use & Land use type & 10 km & //viewer.es-worldcover.org/worldcover/ (accessed on 20 May 2023) \\ Soil types & Soil types & 1 km & [[https://www.resdc.cn/](https://www.resdc.cn/)]([https://www.resdc.cn/](https://www.resdc.cn/)) (accessed on 23 May 2023) \\ River & Distance from river & 1 km & [[https://www.openstreetmap.org/](https://www.openstreetmap.org/)]([https://www.openstreetmap.org/](https://www.openstreetmap.org/)) (accessed on 10 June 2023) \\ Road & Distance from road & 1 km & [[https://www.openstreetmap.org/](https://www.openstreetmap.org/)]([https://www.openstreetmap.org/](https://www.openstreetmap.org/)) (accessed on 10 June 2023) \\ Landsat8 & Vegetation coverage & 30 m & [[http://www.gscloud.cn/](http://www.gscloud.cn/)]([http://www.gscloud.cn/](http://www.gscloud.cn/)) (accessed on 5 June 2023) \\ Rainfall data & Annual average rainfall & 1 km & [[http://data.cma.cn](http://data.cma.cn)]([http://data.cma.cn](http://data.cma.cn)) (accessed on 12 June 2023) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Factor data information. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c} \hline \hline
**Parameters** & **Description** \\ \hline Satellite & Sentinel-1A \\ Imaging mode & IW \\ Data type & SLC \\ Band & C \\ Revisit cycle & 12 days \\ Polarization & VV \\ Time span & January 2021–December 2021 \\ Orbit direction & Ascending and Descending \\ Central incidence angle on the test site & 33.7\({}^{\circ}\) and 35.3\({}^{\circ}\) \\ Number of scenes & 23 and 23 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}