## 5 LPWAN Security Analysis
### Confidentiality
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l l l l l l l} \hline \hline
**LPWAN Type** & **Modulation** & **Prog Band** & **Security/Incorption** & **Occupied Bandwidth** & **MAC** & **Range** & **Max Data Rate** \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{LoRa} & \multirow{3}{*}{CSPSK} & Sub-CIA-IR SAB Europe & \multirow{3}{*}{ASES 128 bit} & 250 kHz, 500 kHz & \multirow{3}{*}{ALOHA} & \multirow{3}{*}{Lun-Rural 5-20} & \multirow{3}{*}{30 kbps} \\  & & (088 MHz, 43 MHz) USA & & & & & \\  & & (091 MHz) & & & & & \\ \multirow{3}{*}{Sigloox} & UNB (EP/SK) & Sub-CIA-IR SAB Europe & \multirow{3}{*}{AS + no lay OTA} & UU. (000-600 Hz) DL & \multirow{3}{*}{ALOHA} & Urban-Rural & UU. (000-600 Hz) \\  & GPSK & (088 MHz) USA & (002) & & & & \\  & MRI (0) & & & & & & \\ \multirow{3}{*}{NB-IoT} & QPSK & LTE frequency bands & 2048-bit RSA & 200 kHz & OFDMA & 15 km & U. (000-600 Hz) \\  & GPSK & 915, 433 and 868 MHz & AES 128 & 25 and 200 kHz & & & \\  & Ingom-RFMA & DSS & 24.4 GHz ISM & 4.1 MHz & & & \\ \multirow{3}{*}{Wiggloss} & 16 QAM & \multirow{3}{*}{ANaccess Bands (sub-CIA)} & \multirow{3}{*}{AS 128/256 bit} & \multirow{3}{*}{200 Hz - 12.5 kHz} & \multirow{3}{*}{PDMA with TDD} & \multirow{3}{*}{Up to 5 km} & \multirow{3}{*}{100 kbps} \\  & offset-IRS-CPSK & & & & & & \\ \multirow{3}{*}{NB-IoT} & QPSK & LTE frequency bands & 2048-bit RSA & 200 kHz & OFDMA & 15 km & U. (000-600 Hz) \\  & GPSK & 915, 433 and 868 MHz & AES 128 & 25 and 200 kHz & & & \\  & Ingom-RFMA & DSS & 24.4 GHz ISM & 4.1 MHz & & & \\ \multirow{3}{*}{Wiggloss} & 16 QAM & \multirow{3}{*}{ANaccess Bands (sub-CIA)} & \multirow{3}{*}{AS 128/256 bit} & \multirow{3}{*}{200 Hz - 12.5 kHz} & \multirow{3}{*}{PDMA with TDD} & \multirow{3}{*}{Up to 5 km} & \multirow{3}{*}{100 kbps} \\  & offset-IRS-CPSK & & & & & & \\ \multirow{3}{*}{NB-IoT} & QPSK & \multirow{3}{*}{LTE frequency bands} & 2048-bit RSA & 200 kHz & OFDMA & 15 km & U. (000-6000 Hz) \\  & GPSK & 915, 433 and 868 MHz & AES 128 & 25 and 200 kHz & & & \\ \multirow{3}{*}{Ingenu-RFMA} & DSS & 24.4 GHz ISM & 4.1 MHz & & & & \\  & & & & & & & \\ \multirow{3}{*}{Wiggloss} & 16 QAM & \multirow{3}{*}{ANaccess Bands (sub-CIA)} & \multirow{3}{*}{AS 128/256 bit} & \multirow{3}{*}{200 Hz - 12.5 kHz} & \multirow{3}{*}{PDMA with TDD} & \multirow{3}{*}{Up to 5 km} & \multirow{3}{*}{100 kbps} \\  & offset-IRS-CPSK & & & & & & \\ \multirow{3}{*}{NB-IoT} & QPSK & \multirow{3}{*}{LTE frequency bands} & 2048-bit RSA & 200 kHz & OFDMA & 15 km & U. (000-600 Hz) \\  & GPSK & 915, 433 and 868 MHz & AES 128 & 25 and 200 kHz & & & \\ \multirow{3}{*}{Ingenu-RFMA} & DSS & 24.4 GHz ISM & 4.1 MHz & & & & \\ \multirow{3}{*}{Wiggloss} & 16 QAM & \multirow{3}{*}{ANaccess Bands (sub-CIA)} & \multirow{3}{*}{AS 128/256 bit} & \multirow{3}{*}{200 Hz - 12.5 kHz} & \multirow{3}{*}{PDMA with TDD} & \multirow{3}{*}{Up to 5 km} & \multirow{3}{*}{100 kbps} \\  & offset-IRS-CPSK & & & & & & \\ \multirow{3}{*}{NB-IoT} & QPSK & \multirow{3}{*}{LTE frequency bands} & 2048-bit RSA & 200 kHz & OFDMA & 15 km & U. (000-600 Hz) \\  & GPSK & 915, 433 and 868 MHz & AES 128 & 25 and 200 kHz & & & \\ \multirow{3}{*}{Ingenu-RFMA} & DSS & 24.4 GHz ISM & 4.1 MHz & & & & \\ \multirow{3}{*}{Wiggloss} & 16 QAM & \multirow{3}{*}{ANaccess Bands (sub-CIA)} & \multirow{3}{*}{AS 128/256 bit} & \multirow{3}{*}{200 Hz - 12.5 kHz} & \multirow{3}{*}{PDMA with TDD} & \multirow{3}{*}{Up to 5 km} & \multirow{3}{*}{100 kbps} \\  & offset-IRS-CPSK & & & & & & \\ \multirow{3}{*}{NB-IoT} & QPSK & \multirow{3}{*}{LTE frequency bands} & 2048-bit RSA & 200 kHz & OFDMA & 15 km & U. (000-600 Hz) \\  & GPSK & 915, 433 and 868 MHz & AES 128 & 25 and 200 kHz & & & \\ \multirow{3}{*}{Ingenu-RFMA} & DSS & 24.4 GHz ISM & 4.1 MHz & & & & \\ \multirow{3}{*}{Wiggloss} & 16 QAM & \multirow{3}{*}{ANaccess Bands (sub-CIA)} & \multirow{3}{*}{AS 128/256 bit} & \multirow{3}{*}{200 Hz - 12.5 kHz} & \multirow{3}{*}{PDMA with TDD} & \multirow{3}{*}{Up to 5 km} & \multirow{3}{*}{100 kbps} \\  & GMSK and DPSK & & & & & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}