## 3 The State-of-The-Art of Anti-Ransomware Technology
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Family** & **Year** & **Type** & **Exploits and Actions** & **Damage (s)** \\ \hline AiDS [10] & 1989 & Crypto & It was delivered to computer-based & \(\bullet\) & Leakage of Root Directories \\  & & & information systems via floppy disks & \(\bullet\) & Loss of System Files \\ \hline GpCode [10; 11] & 2005 & Crypto & It was developed with an asymmetric & \(\bullet\) & Holding Up the Banking \\  & & & encryption algorithm to encrypt users’ data & Information Systems \\  & & & files & \(\bullet\) & Loss of System and User Files \\ \hline Archiveus [10; 11] & 2006 & Crypto & It was applied with the RSA algorithm to & \(\bullet\) & Ruining the Original Version of \\  & & & & Windows Platform \\  & & & encrypt system files & \(\bullet\) & Data Loss \\  & & & & \(\bullet\) & Money Loss \\ \hline WinLock [10; 11] & 2010 & Locker & It locked the computer system and demanded & \(\bullet\) & Holding Up The Operating System \\  & & & & ransom via sending SMS to the victim’s phone & \(\bullet\) & Loss of Backup Data \\  & & & & number & \(\bullet\) \\ \hline Reveton [4; 10; 11] & 2012 & Locker & It impersonated the law enforcement agencies & \(\bullet\) & Holding Up The Operating System \\  & & & & to deceive users with rumor claims & \(\bullet\) & Abusing the Prepaid Electronic \\  & & & & to deceive users with rumor claims & \(\bullet\) & Payment Platforms \\  & & & & & Loss of Backup Data \\ \hline Crypto-Locker [4; 10; 11] & 2013 & Crypto & It encrypted the file’s contents by RSA & \(\bullet\) & The Half of Targeting System \\  & & & & algorithm with private and public keys & \(\bullet\) & Loss of Backup Data \\  & & & & & \(\bullet\) \\ \hline Crypto-Wall [4; 10; 11] & 2014 & Crypto & It encrypted the system files and injected & \(\bullet\) & Leakage of Original System Files \\  & & & & malicious codes which freezes the system’s & \(\bullet\) & Loss of User Files \\  & & & & firewalls & \(\bullet\) & Loss of Money in Bitcoins \\ \hline Ransom as & & & It used the social engineering techniques to & \(\bullet\) & The Half of Targeting Systems \\ Service (RaaS) [6; 10] & 2015 & Locker & Impsonate a good-ware website as a & \(\bullet\) & Loss of Backup Data \\  & & & malicious website in the dark web & \(\bullet\) & Loss of Money in Bitcoins \\ \hline Cerber [10; 11] & 2016 & Crypto & It injected the malicious instructions to & \(\bullet\) & Loss of Original System Files \\  & & & overwrite an encrypted content onto the & \(\bullet\) & Deactivation of the system registry \\  & & & original system & & \\ \hline Crysis [10] & 2016 & Crypto & It encrypted the system files, rewrote their & \(\bullet\) & Leakage of System Files \\  & & & contents, and renamed them & \(\bullet\) & Loss of User Data \\  & & & & & \\ \hline Locky [4; 10; 11] & 2016 & Locker & It used the social engineering techniques to & \(\bullet\) & The Half of the Targeting System \\  & & & intrude the system through vulnerabilities of & \(\bullet\) & Loss of Backup Data \\  & & & system settings, deactivated the registry & \(\bullet\) & Money Loss \\  & & & actions, and removed the backup data & \(\bullet\) & Data Loss \\ \hline WannaCry [4; 10] & 2017 & Crypto & It encrypted the contents of the system files and & \(\bullet\) & Holding Up the Operating System \\  & & & removed the original system files & \(\bullet\) & Money Loss in Bitcoins \\ \hline Sopra [12; 13] & 2017 & Crypto & It encrypted the contents of the system files and & \(\bullet\) & Data Loss \\  & & & removed the original system files & \(\bullet\) & Holding Up the Operating System \\  & & & & removed the original system files & \(\bullet\) \\ \hline Zeus [12; 13] & 2018 & Crypto & It encrypted the contents of systems files and & \(\bullet\) & The Half of the Targeting System of \\  & & & created new files with extensions belonging to & \(\bullet\) & Backup Data Loss \\  & & & different ransomware versions & \(\bullet\) & Money Loss \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Time-line summary of ransomware families.