## 4 Results
### Dimensions and Risks of Industry 4.0
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**Dimensions** & **Description** & **Reference** \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Cultural} & It refers to the change in behavior and patterns, which may sometimes not be well accepted. It is the way to adapt to changes caused by internal and external factors. These changes are associated with the way of thinking, acting, and making decisions. & [71; 74] \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Economic} & It relates to the financial return that an investment can yield, which can be positive (profit) or negative (loss). The economic dimension encompasses not only the profit or loss but also the initial investment, costs associated with the acquisition of technologies, and other expenses. & [2; 16; 20; 26; 27; 41; 44; 74; 80; 82; 107; 108; 109; 111] \\ \cline{2-3}  & It is related to how individuals learn and is directly associated with the development of competencies and skills, both behavioral and technical. & [6; 12; 109] \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Human} & It relates to the changes and the impact they can have on the human being, focusing on the worker and the alterations provoked in their work environment. & [20; 80; 97; 109] \\ \cline{2-3}  & It is directly related to the way a company is managed and the actions of managers. Additionally, it addresses the changes that organizations face due to the emergence of new technologies, business models, and changes in the entire business landscape. & [20; 38; 75; 80; 97; 109; 112; 113] \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Political–Legal} & The political–legal dimension is related not only to the laws, standards, and regulations to be followed but also to actions and policies that promote development. It also includes ethical standards. & [6; 20; 112] \\ \cline{2-3}  & The social dimension encompasses the consequences that a particular event can have on society, directly impacting the quality of life of individuals. It should always be mitigated so that the impact produced is considered minimal. & [2; 6; 16; 20; 33; 38; 41; 44; 74; 80; 82; 107; 109; 111] \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Technological} & The technological dimension consists of the use of technologies for the execution of activities and tasks, with a concern for the effect of their implementation. Regarding the risks of Industry 4.0, it is one of the main focuses of study; we should always emphasize the use, manipulation, and security of data. & [6; 20; 24; 41; 97; 107; 108; 112] \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{2-3}  & It is worth noting that none of the 118 articles in the bibliographic portfolio addressed these 9 dimensions in a comprehensive manner. Some of these articles only address the economic, social, and environmental dimensions, which are considered the sustainability tripod. Other studies map risks, but none of them classify and map the quantity of risks found in the literature for this study, which corroborates the need for this study. & [6; 20; 24; 41; 97; 109; 112] \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Environmental} & AR1 & Risks related to Climate Change & [41; 62; 68; 80] \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{2-3}  & AR2 & High Energy Consumption Risk & [39; 45; 51; 62; 64; 114] \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{2-3}  & AR3 & Risk of High Natural Resource Consumption & [2; 11; 23; 62; 80; 115] \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{2-3}  & AR4 & Risk of Natural Disasters & [11; 39; 64; 72] \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Cultural} & CR1 & Risk of Lack of Trust & [71; 75] \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{2-3}  & CR2 & Risk of Lack of Digital Culture & [19; 112] \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{2-3}  & CR3 & Risk of Customer Acceptance & [82; 84; 85; 87; 88; 113] \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 7: Categorization of Dimensions and Digital Risks Arising from Industry 4.0. After identifying the 43 risks, it was possible to develop the Theoretical Risk Model for Digital Risks arising from the implementation of Industry 4.0 (TRM-I4.0). The model was developed by considering all identified risks and categorizing them according to the literature.