# An Overview on Atomization and Its Drug Delivery and Biomedical Applications
## 8 Biomedical Applications
There are different applications for the metal oxides as it is small in size and can be easily generated. One such application of metal oxides is to sense the presence of diverse gases. Electrospray is the technique used to coat metal oxides on surfaces and utilize it for the sensing application. A group of scientists coated the glass surface with a film which has different coats of tin dioxide particles and they followed the electrospray pyrolysis method to modify the glass surface. This surface was used to detect the presence of hydrogen gas and it showed significantly good ability in sensing [101]. [PERSON] et al. developed a similar surface in which tin dioxide was coated on silica optical fibre to detect the concentration of ammonia in water surroundings [102]. The dominance of electrospray technique compared to other techniques is that it is cost effective and convenient to use. Scientists understood that by modifying the experimental parameters of electrospray a contrast agent or any other fluorescent dye can be incorporated along with the drugs into microparticles and this can be used for imaging the affected parts in the body. In 2015, [PERSON] et al. integrated electrospray with a chemical solution deposition method to generate an imaging agent that can be used in ultrasound imaging. With this technique they developed nanospheres of ternary phosphate glass and their in vivo study revealed that these nanoparticles are not causing any cytotoxic effect to the nude mice to which the samples were injected subcutaneously [103]. [PERSON] et al. utilized a triple needle coaxial electrospray atomization to engineer a core-shell particle to enable diagnostic imaging. The imaging agent incorporated into the shell made of polymer is the iron oxide particles and they used this for ultrasound imaging and MRI [104]. The surface modification of the implants were done using the electro hydrodynamic atomization to improve the functionality of the implants. Using the coaxial electrospray methodology, [PERSON] et al. developed a coating of microparticles with an anticoagulant in the core protected by a polymer shell on the surface of vascular surrogates. They could obtain a controlled release of heparin for about 15 days without losing the potential of heparin [105]. Another group of researchers fabricated a drug eluting stent by coating the surface of a stent with particles containing Montelukast and PLGA. They obtained a uniform and fine spherical size for particles incorporating 3% and 6% \(w/w\) drugs and the release study showed that even though there was a primary burst of the drug, it delivered a conserved release for 40 days [106]. The biomolecular particles generated from electrospray atomization is widely applied in the field of tissue engineering especially in bone regeneration [94]. [PERSON] et al. developed macromolecules by employing coaxial electrohydrodynamic atomization with a core made of PLGA and a growth factor for bone regeneration (BMP-2) and shell made of PLGA and VEGF- a growth factor enhancing angiogenesis. Since VEGF was coated in the shell, it showed a primary burst and BMP-2 showed a sequential release without affecting the bioactivity of both the growth factors [107]. In 2018, a group of scientists flourished harmless hydroxyapatite microparticles by combining sol-gel technique with electrospray and by altering the experimental parameters they could vary the size of the particles generated. They found that in the presence of these microparticles the rat mesenchymal stem cells were differentiating to bone. They also studied the drug delivering efficiency of these particles to understand that this is a potent particle that can be used for bone tissue engineering and also as a drug delivery system [108].