## 1 Introduction
[20] conducted experiments and found that the excessive surface roughness caused by shot peening resulted in more serious hydrogen embrittlement on the surface of the specimen, reducing its fatigue life. The scholars mentioned above conducted hydrogen-charging experiments on different surface roughness and material specimens. They discovered that different material and surface roughness specimens' hydrogen permeation resistance variation is diverse. The reasons for the surface roughness's influence on the materials' hydrogen permeation resistance are also relatively complicated. The scholars also conducted simulation and experimental research work to study the connection between surface residual stress and hydrogen permeation resistance. [PERSON] et al. [21] studied the influence of the pure iron surface treatment process on the hydrogen-induced blister behavior. The experiment results indicated that the ground surface had good resistance to hydrogen permeation due to the high residual compress stress, which led to the area and amount of blister on the ground surface being smaller than that on the polished surface after hydrogen charging. [PERSON] et al. [22] conducted the hydrogen charging experiment on shot peened specimens and evaluated their hydrogen penetration behavior. They found that the residual compress stress generated by shot peening reduced the hydrogen concentration in the specimen's surface layer, which in turn inhibited hydrogen entry. [PERSON] et al. [23] and [PERSON] et al. [24] investigated the hydrogen permeation resistance of Ti-6 Al-4V alloy treated by laser peening and conducted hydrogen charging experiments. They found that laser peening could increase the surface compressive residual stress of Ti-6 Al-4V alloy effectively, which further reduced the hydrogen concentration and the diffusion coefficient in the crystal lattice, improving the alloy's hydrogen penetration resistance. [PERSON] et al. [25] developed a model based on coupled crystal plasticity and hydrogen diffusion to simulate the diffusion and storage process of hydrogen in polycrystalline microstructures. They found that the residual stress introduced during the cold working process affected the strength of the hydrogen traps inside the material, affecting the hydrogen diffusion ability. [PERSON] et al. [26] compared the hydrogen penetration resistance of laser shot peening and non-processed specimens, and the experimental results showed that the specimens processed by laser shot peening had a low hydrogen embrittlement sensitivity index due to the high surface residual compress stress. [PERSON] et al. [27] used the finite element method to analyze the hydrogen concentration in the fatigue crack tip regions of the material under the influence of residual stress. The results showed that the concentration of hydrogen ions at the crack tip is higher due to the effect of residual stress in the material, and the residual tensile stress could enhance hydrogen diffusion and concentration. [PERSON] et al. [28] investigated the phenomenon of hydrogen diffusion induced by the changes of residual stress from solid-state phase transition in thick rigid plate welding. [PERSON] et al. [29] analyzed the correlation between cold cracking, surface residual stress and hydrogen aggregation within the high-strength steel weld bead. The research discovered a significant tensile residual stress at the weld bead root; consequently, hydrogen diffused and accumulated at the root due to the elevated tensile residual stress. [PERSON] et al. [30] investigated the correlation between residual stress and hydrogen diffusion in spiral-welded pipes. The research found that hydrogen primarily concentrated in the heat-affected zones. Additionally, as the welding helix angle increased, the residual tensile stress induced by welding decreased, leading to a reduction in both hydrogen concentration and residual tensile stress.