## 4 Discussion  
Scientific reports describe the results of experimental studies indicating a free upright position of a human with a slight forward tilt so that the overall projection of the centre of gravity falls in front of the axis of the upper ankle joint at the anterior edge of the lateral malleolus. Some researchers indicate a slightly larger forward tilt, due to which the load on both the hindfoot and forefoot is at a level of about 50% of the body weight [1,7,17]. Others indicate a tilt just at the anterior edge of the lateral malleolus, from where the load is distributed in 60% on the hindfoot to 40% on the forefoot [16]. Their descriptions of the biomechanics of the upper ankle joint and foot indicate that the projection of the centre of gravity in such a position falls on the axis of the upper ankle joint from where the weight is distributed into two vectors, one going towards the forefoot and the other towards the hindfoot [1,7,8,17], which is in contradiction with the load distribution based on the double-supported beam principle, based on which the foot loads should be considered. Our experiments show that in the static upright position of a human, a neutral and passive state can be distinguished. Only in the neutral position does the general projection of the centre of gravity (\(CoG_{1}\)) fall on the axis of the upper ankle joint at the Basic Balance Point [21], from where it is distributed bivectorally, i.e., towards the forefoot and hindfoot. This results in the forefoot being loaded with 25.72% and the hindfoot with 74.28% of the total body weight. There is no theoretical and practical possibility for the body weight distribution from the axis of the upper ankle joint to the forefoot and hindfoot in the proportions of 50%/50%, as some researchers claim [7] or 40%/60%, as others claim [16]. What some researchers observe in their experimental studies, reporting a load distribution of 40%/60% for the forefoot and hindfoot, respectively, results from the fact that a human most often has a passive upright position with a slight forward tilt in front of the axis of the upper ankle joint. This is the natural human standing upright position because the energy input is the smallest. In such a position, i.e., a slight tilt of the general body centre of gravity (\(CoG_{1}\)), a small gravitational moment is generated, which is balanced by the moment of passive structures (ligamentous-capsular) of the upper ankle joint and the triceps calf [22; 23; 24]. In such a position, the projection of the general centre of gravity passes through the so-called _Passive Balance Point_ (\(PBP\)). The load on the forefoot and hindfoot in the \(PBP\) position determined experimentally in our studies is approximately 40% forefoot and 60% hindfoot, respectively. There is no way that in such a position the projection of the centre of gravity passes through the upper ankle joint, as we have shown. In such a position, the vector load distribution (\(W_{A}\) and \(W_{B}\)) runs from the projection of the general centre of gravity (from the \(PBP\) point) on the support platform towards the forefoot and hindfoot, and their resultant force \(W_{J}\) indicates the direction and magnitude of the ground load through the foot. The distribution of load across the foot has significant clinical implications. By identifying the correct loading patterns at the extreme support points and along the foot arch in a standing position, it is possible to develop diagnostic tools for detecting postural abnormalities. For instance, an excessive load on the forefoot may indicate a forward shift of the body's centre of gravity, often observed in conditions such as pathological thoracic kyphosis (e.g., Bechterew's disease), kyphoscoliosis, or flexion contractures of the hip joints. Conversely, an increased load on the hindfoot may suggest postural patterns such as flat back syndrome or lumbar hyperlodosis.