esa-sceva/satcom-chunk-collection huggingface dataset:
## 3 Results and Discussion
### Electrochemical Stability
#### 3.1.2 Anodic Stability  
The ESW of the sodium-conducting electrolytes has been investigated by cyclic voltammetry tests in anodic and cathodic regions. The anodic stability was evaluated using carbon-based electrodes, in which the electrolytes are deliberately stressed up to 4.6 V in order to evaluate their robustness under severe operative conditions. The results, reported in Figure 2 as CV profiles, highlight a similar behavior for all investigated electrolytes. The undesired current increase of 20-50 \(\upmu\)A cm\({}^{-2}\) observed starting from 3-3.5 V in the first anodic scan (dotted traces), is limited to the first cycle as it disappears in the following cycles, where the current values never exceed 10 \(\upmu\)A cm\({}^{-2}\) up to 4.5 V. It is likely that the initial raise in current is due to the irreversible oxidation of impurities which, in our case, are fully degraded during the initial CV cycle despite their ability to catalyze the electrolyte decomposition [14]. Overall, the very low current values recorded up to the massive electrolyte degradation (mostly ascribable to the oxidation of the anion even if the cation may play a role) [14], which were highlighted by the rise onset around 4.5 V, confirms the high purity level of the IL electrolytes. The anodic limit voltage values (EA), taken when the current flow recorded during the CV measurements (Figure 2) achieves 10 (EA\({}_{1}\)) and 20 (EA\({}_{2}\)) \(\upmu\)A cm\({}^{-2}\), are summarized in Table 2. All IL electrolytes show good anodic stability well above 4 V vs. Na\({}^{+}\)/Na\({}^{\circ}\) (i.e., current values lower than 20 \(\upmu\)A cm\({}^{-2}\) are detected up to 4.6 V in the second anodic scan), fully matching the requirement for application in NIB systems. The electrolytes based on the EMI cation show current values higher than those of the IL samples consisting of piperidinium and N\({}_{1114}\) cations and containing an analogous anion (FSI or TFSI), attributable (at least partially) to the greater ionic conduction of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium [17]. However, as previously reported in the literature for similar types of ionic liquids [14], such behavior suggests that the nature of the cation plays an active role in the electrochemical oxidation process, although it is mainly attributable to the anion. Finally, voltametric measurements performed on piperidinium-based electrolytes (PIP\({}_{13}\)TFSI, PIP\({}_{14}\)TFSI) suggest that the anodic stability does not appear to be appreciably affected by the length of the alkyl side chain linked to the cation. To summarize, the stability towards oxidation of the investigated IL electrolytes follows the sequence TFSI > IM\({}_{14}\) > FSI, in agreement with the results reported in the literature [23; 24; 25].  
Figure 2: _Cont._
# A Short-Term Wind Speed Forecasting Model Based on EMD/CEEMD and ARIMA-SVM Algorithms
## 4 Experiments and Results Analysis
### Evaluation Indexes  
To measure the prediction performance of the wind speed prediction model, three evaluation indexes, including _MAE_, _MAPE_, and _RMSE_[13; 33], are selected to verify the prediction accuracy of the model proposed in this paper. The evaluation indexes are as follows:  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Typhoon** & **Sample Data** & \begin{tabular}{c} **Number of** \\ **Data** \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} **Training** \\ **Set** \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} **Test Set** \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} **Mean Wind** \\ **Speed (m/s)** \\ \end{tabular} & \
\begin{tabular}{c} **Range of Wind** \\ **Speed (m/s)** \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} **Volatility** \\ **Level** \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Wutip} & Dataset 1 & 288 & 200 & 88 & 10.23 & 3.64\(\rightarrow\)21.69 & moderate \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Ramason} & Dataset 2 & 432 & 300 & 142 & 11.44 & 0.29–47.12 & high \\ \cline{2-8}  & Dataset 3 & 180 & 100 & 80 & 4.18 & 0.3–8.47 m/s & low \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 1: Statistic features of datasets.  
Figure 2: Three wind speed datasets.  
1. Mean absolute error \[MAE=\frac{1}{N}{\sum\limits_{t=1}^{N}}\big{|}Z(t)-Z^{\prime}(t)\big{|}\] (18)
2. Mean absolute percentage error \[MAPE=\frac{100\%}{N}{\sum\limits_{t=1}^{N}}\big{|}\frac{Z(t)-Z^{\prime}(t)}{Z( t)}\bigg{|}\] (19)
3. Root mean squared error \[RMSE=\sqrt{\frac{1}{N}{\sum\limits_{t=1}^{N}}\left(Z(t)-Z^{\prime}(t)\right) ^{2}}\] (20)  
where \(Z(t)\) is the measured wind speed at a certain moment in time; \(Z^{\prime}(t)\) is the predicted wind speed; and \(N\) is the forecasted wind speed. The smaller the value of the three evaluation indexes, the higher the prediction accuracy of the forecasting model.
# Numerical Simulation Study on Welding Process of Upper Frame of Hydropower Unit
## 6 Conclusions  
This paper used the TERM to simulate and analyze the typical T-joint welding process of the upper frame. It analyzed the influence of welding speed and interlayer cooling time  
Figure 26: Z-direction deformation of each path. (**a**) path 1; (**b**) path 2; (**c**) path 3; and (**d**) path 4.  
on its welding results and obtained a welding process that met engineering requirements. Based on the TEP calculation results, ISM was used to perform elastic calculation of the overall welding deformation of the upper frame, predicting its deformation. The main research conclusions are as follows:  
1. The results obtained from the established thermoelastic-plastic finite element model are in good agreement with the experiments. Therefore, this model can be used to study the typical T-joint welding process.
2. When welding the first two welds of the T-joint at a welding speed of 5.5 mm/s and an interlayer cooling time of 90 s, the welding results meet the engineering requirements.
3. Extracting the inherent strain from the thermo-elastoplastic calculation results and using the ISM to calculate welding deformation have high accuracy, significantly reducing computational workload. This is of great significance for predicting welding deformation in large and complex welded structures.
4. Using the ISM to predict the overall welding deformation of the upper frame, the results indicate that significant post-welding deformation occurs at the outer edge of the upper ring, the edge of the web plates, and the edges of the upper and lower wing plates. Adopting the welding sequence of first welding the small T-shaped rib plates, then welding the large T-shaped rib plates; welding the outer T-shaped welds of the brace ring first, then welding the inner T-shaped welds; and welding the inner T-shaped welds of the upper ring first, then welding the outer T-shaped welds, can result in smaller post-welding deformation. This provides a reference for the actual welding of the upper frame.  
Conceptualization, C.Y. and J.P.; methodology, J.P.; software, C.Y.; validation, C.Y. and J.H.; formal analysis, J.M.; investigation, W.Z.; resources, J.P.; data curation, C.Y.; writing--original draft preparation, C.Y.; writing--review and editing, J.P.; visualization, J.M.; supervision, W.Z.; project administration, J.H.; funding acquisition, J.P. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
This research was funded by the Special Support Plan for High-Level Talents in Zhejiang Province (No. 2021R52036).  
Not applicable.  
Data Availability Statement: Data are contained within the article.  
The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
## 2 Topology Optimization Method  
Different core options have been proposed for the ITPS; however, what is the best core design under different conditions is hard to define. In this section, a corrugated sandwich structure ITPS used in a specific load condition was selected and analyzed as a reference. A topology optimization method applied to the unit cell of the ITPS was then established against thermal and mechanical performance in this condition. The objective of this section was to determine the structural responses of the initial ITPS and get a better core configuration for the ITPS through topology optimization.
# From Service Composition to Mashup Editor: A Multiperspective Taxonomy
## 4 Taxonomy for Services Composition
### System Perspective
#### 4.1.2 Structural Approach (Software Engineering Approach)
REST uses a smaller message format (JSON), which makes it more lightweight and efficient. REST is less resource-intensive and requires less bandwidth, and it is typically faster than SOAP. However, REST does not have built-in error handling, so it relies on error codes to indicate problems. REST does not provide the same level of security as SOAP, so it may not be suitable for sensitive information. REST is not always language- or platform-independent and may be limited to certain programming languages or operating systems. Business Process Execution Language (BPEL)  
The BPEL has been introduced by the OASIS standardization group as the successor of XLANG and WSFL. The BPEL is an XML representation used as an instantiation of a service-oriented architecture (SOA) concept. Specifically, in the SOA, the enterprise applications are managed from a common platform to enhance the dialog between applications and their integration. BPEL organizes the dialog between the different applications of the SOA architecture by invoking basic services according to a predefined schema Figure 6. Specifically, BPEL4 WS 1.1 (Business Process Execution Language for Web Services) [31] and its successor WS-BPEL 2.0 (Web Services for Business Process Execution Language) [32] are the BPEL standards that allow the user to describe their business processes in the form of Web services, and to specify how they are interconnected in order to accomplish particular tasks. BPEL is a complete and open standard with many supporting engines. BPEL was quickly accepted by the industry and is now the dominant technology in the field of Web service composition. It takes the form of an XML file readable in the engines of business process management. It drives the execution of business processes (workflow). The BPELfile therefore concerns matters such as processing data, sending messages, or calling a function. There are two types of BPEL processes:  
* An abstract, which specifies the exchange of messages between the various parties without specifying the internal behavior of these parties;
* An executable process, which specifies the execution order of activities. Each activity represents a given process (a Web service) involved in the main composition script.
## 4 Complexity Analysis  
There is an inherent trade-off between estimation accuracy and implementation complexity among all proposed methods. The method for the _worst-case_ complexity of the mixed SD/SOCP [23] is used to analyze the complexities of the proposed and other discussed methods in this paper. Table 1 shows that the computational complexity of the discussed methods mainly depend on the network size, i.e., the number of anchor nodes.  
From Table 1, we see that the proposed methods have less complexity.
# Power Load Demand Forecasting Model and Method Based on Multi-Energy Coupling
## 3 Model Construction
### Feature Selection Based on Minimal Redundancy Maximal Relevance (mRMR)  
Mutual information (MI) is a method to evaluate the relationship between variables. Minimal redundancy maximal relevance (mRMR) is a character selection method, which is based on MI. It maximizes the relationship between characteristic variables and target variables, and minimizes the redundant information [16]. Multi-energy coupling system often has complex system structure and energy flow relationship, and has many influencing factors. The mRMR is used to select the most important influencing factors for load forecasting under the multi-energy coupling scenario, so as to ensure the accuracy of model calculation and improve the calculation efficiency. At the same time, the basic principle of feature selection--maximum correlation information and minimum redundancy information--ensures the robustness of the model.
## 2 Materials and Methods
### Validation Methodology  
The system was evaluated in a sample composed of 10 healthy volunteers (mean age 29.8 \(\pm\) 7.1 y/o; 5 females) under supervision of an expert cardiologist from the Hospital Universitario de Fuenlabrada (HUF), Madrid, Spain. The research protocol was approved by the local Institutional Review Board and written informed consent was acquired from all participants. The evaluation consisted of measuring the SpO2 and ECG signals sitting and at rest, before and after exercising for 15 min. A 3-lead configuration was followed for the ECG recording with one electrode adjacent each clavicle bone on the upper chest (i.e., the left arm electrode (L lead) and the right arm electrode (R lead)), and a third electrode adjacent the patient's lower left abdomen (i.e., the left leg electrode (N lead)).  
Physiological measurements were assessed and compared against commercial devices. Warning events generated were monitored and received in a local server simulating the telemonitoring system in the hospital. To check the accuracy of the SpO2 measurement obtained with our system, we compared it with a commercial Nonin Onyx 9500 device. In the same way, the accuracy of the ECG signal was assessed against a General Electric (GE) MAC 1200 ST.
# A PSF-Shape-Based Beamforming Strategy for Robust 2D Motion Estimation in Ultrafast Data
## 3 Results
### Rotating Disk Experiments  
#### 3.2.1 Rotational Flow  
Figure 8 shows the estimated and reference velocity magnitude and angle for the rotating disk experiment. Single ensemble-averaged velocity estimates for a PRF of 4 kHz are shown. Highest resemblance between velocity magnitude and ground truth is found for the PSF_2 Dcub method. Here, largest deviations from the ground truth are observed in the center vertical slice of the disk, where velocities are mainly in lateral direction. This is a combined effect of the lower lateral resolution and clutter filtering. Due to the smaller axial velocity component in these regions, the estimates will be more influenced by the clutter filter [49; 50]. In the bottom row of Figure 8, the angle estimation  
Figure 6: Axial (**a**) and lateral (**b**) inter-frame displacements for the carotid vessel phantom at diastole. The estimated displacements obtained using the four different methods are visualized together with the ground truth displacements derived from the finite element model (FEM) model.  
Figure 7: Root-mean-squared error (RMSE) values for the axial and lateral inter-frame displacement estimates obtained using the four different methods. Results are visualized for the diastolic (**a**) and systolic (**b**) phase. Absolute inter-frame ground truth (GT) 5–95% displacement ranges are also included in the figure. Please note the axial GT bar is cut off at 40 \(\upmu\)m, while it ends at 72 \(\upmu\)m.  
performance is visualized. Both the conv_2 Dcub and PSF_2 Dcub methods show good resemblance with the ground truth velocity angle.  
In Figure 9, the absolute bias and SD values are visualized as a function of the PRF. Similar effects can be seen as in the parabolic flow simulations: when inter-frame displacements become smaller, the bias and SD for both velocity magnitude and angle increase. This is most profound for the conv_1 Dpar and PSF_1 Dpar methods. The conv_2 Dcub method shows a stable performance over the range of PRFs, although slightly higher bias and SD values are found as compared to the PSF_2 Dcub method, especially for a PRF of 8 and 4 kHz. The PSF_2 Dcub method shows a stable performance over the PRF-range, with low bias and SD values. Even for very small inter-frame displacements, the accuracy and precision of this method are excellent. A median velocity magnitude bias of maximally 10% and a median angle bias of 9.2\({}^{\circ}\) are found. The median SD for the velocity magnitude and angle are maximally 4.6% and 6.5\({}^{\circ}\), respectively.  
Figure 8: Estimated and ground truth velocity magnitude (**a**) and angle (**b**) obtained from the rotating disk phantom processed as rotational flow. The visualized results are obtained using a PRF of 4 kHz.  
Figure 9: Median and interquartile ranges of the absolute bias and SD for the velocity magnitude (**a**, **c**) and angle (**b**, **d**) obtained from the rotating disk phantom processed as rotational flow. The performance of the methods is visualized as a function of the PRF.
## 7 Conclusions
### Limitations  
It should be noted that while implementing the proposed methodology did appear to result in a statistically significant reduction in the response time of voice traffic, the latency remained significantly higher than that in the control experiment. As a result, it must be acknowledged that the solution is partially effective, not providing the full protection originally desired. This is possibly due to the design of the network used in the experiment, which involved a single firewall acting as the gateway between the 'inside' network and the 'outside' network, containing the DoS devices and external site. As both the malicious packets and legitimate traffic were required to pass through this firewall, it is possible that this caused additional delay in the network. To improve the design, two separate firewalls could be used to ensure there is no cross-over between the UDP and TCP VoIP networks.  
Finally, as a variation in packets lost was only able to be sufficiently observed in experiments 7 and 8, a reliable conclusion is unable to be made from the data. However, the fact that the packet loss is significantly higher in the calls made using the TCP phones is something that should be examined further. It is possible that this is due to the retransmission mechanism TCP uses, discussed in Section 2.3, in which one failed transmission causes a chain of packets to be delayed or lost. To improve the design, multiple TCP connections could be used to retransmit lost packets in a way similar to that suggested by [PERSON], [PERSON] and [PERSON] [18]. However, to perform a more conclusive evaluation, more results are required, and a similar experiment using greater scales of DoS attack should be carried out.
## 2 MFC and Power Management System Specification
### System Specifications  
A voltage regulation stage is required to boost the low voltages (less than 1 volt) provided by each of the four MFCs to a nominal voltage that can provide proper power values for the wireless sensor to operate properly. The step-up converter integrated into the system provides dynamic impedance matching and low-power consumption for maximum-power extraction.  
Since power extraction is performed to an array of four MFCs, MFC's health-state measurements, multiplexing control capabilities and the flexibility offered by a programmable device are key features required for the control block of the proposed system. Thus, an extremely-low power microcontroller is required to perform MFCs power ranking and multiplexing operations.  
The energy-storage system requirements for an IoT smart node required the incorporation of an output load supercapacitor of 5 F, that can support 30 s of active temperature sampling and data transmission to the cloud, to meet the power specifications for an internet-enabled temperature sensor.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline  & **MFC 1** & **MFC 2** & **MFC 3** & **MFC 4** \\ \hline Total volume (mL) & 240 & 240 & 240 & 1000 \\ Catholyte & Air & Air & Ferricyanide & Ferricyanide \\ Anode area (cm\({}^{2}\)) & 12 & 12 & 12 & 50 \\ Cathode area (cm\({}^{2}\)) & 12 & 12 & 12 & 50 \\ Power @ maximum power point (MPP) (\(\mu\)W) & 595 & 484 & 435 & 6400 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 1: Specifications and performance of MFCs.  
Figure 2: Two-chamber microbial fuel cell and power management unit set up.  
A super capacitor allows not only a larger charge storage as compared to standard capacitors, but also longer charging and discharging cycles than their lithium-ion battery counterparts. The design specifications are presented in Table 2.
# Impact of Patient Size and Positioning on Radiation Dose in Multiphase Liver CT Examinations
## 3 Results
### Does the Isocenter Have a Statistically Significant Impact on X-Ray Tube Output Parameters?
#### 3.6.2 Group with Abdomen and Pelvis Imaging  
The analysis of the 'Abdomen + Pelvis' group encompassed 178 patient observations. For this group, the analysis revealed no statistically significant impact of the isocenter on the X-ray tube's operation parameters. The \(p\)-values for E (mSv), kV, mA I phase, mA II phase, and mA III phase were 0.6113, 0.4106, 0.6000, 0.6184, and 0.1403, respectively, indicating no significant differences between the groups with and without an isocenter (Table 4).  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Parameter** & \
\begin{tabular}{c} **Mean with** \\ **Isocenter** \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} **Mean Without** \\ **Isocenter** \\ \end{tabular} & \(p\)**-Value (\(t\)-test)** \\ \hline kV & 119.05 & 119.62 & 0.4106 \\ mA I Phase & 799.33 & 797.81 & 0.6000 \\ mA II Phase & 799.33 & 794.48 & 0.6184 \\ mA II Phase & 708.52 & 642.40 & 0.1403 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 4: Comparison of X-ray tube output parameters based on the presence or absence of an isocenter in a group limited to abdomen and pelvis.  
Figure 17: Heatmap for \(p\)-values for Pearson correlations between anthropometric and technical parameters in abdomen and pelvis scans.
# Bioactive Compounds in Breast Meat of Broiler Chickens Fed with Black Soldier Fly Wholesmeal
###### Abstract  
This study investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with Black Soldier Fly (BSF) wholesmeal on the content of bioactive compounds in broiler chicken breast meat. The experiment involved 45 male Ross 308 broiler chickens randomly assigned to three dietary groups: control diet, control diet supplemented with 5% (HI5), or 10% (HI10) black soldier fly (BSF) wholesmeal. The diets were administered for 35 days. The study found that higher levels of BSF wholesmeal meal inclusion significantly improved creatine and carnosine levels, with increases of 22% and 26%, respectively, in the HI10 group compared to the control group. In addition, HI supplementation improved the fatty acid profile, significantly increasing the levels of EPA, DHA, and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), while reducing the total PUFA and ALA levels. Antioxidant activity, measured using the FRAP and ABTS assays, was also significantly higher in the BSF-fed groups, particularly in the HI10 group. These results suggest that BSF wholesmeal flour can improve the functional and nutritional qualities of chicken meat, thereby enhancing its potential as a sustainable ingredient in poultry diets.  
Keywords:antioxidant activity; bio-peptides; chicken meat; functional fatty acids; _Herntetia illucens_ wholesmeal flour +
Footnote †: journal: Applied sciences