# Concept Justification of Future 3 DPVS and Novel Approach towards its Conceptual Development
## 3 Conceptual Design Approach for 3 DPVS
### Introducing the Engineering Design Process (EDP) into 3 DPVS Development
#### 3.1.2 Engineering Design Process for the Full Stage 3 DPVS  
After introducing the basic knowledge of the engineering design process (EDP), the question arises as how to utilize EDP into the design of novel 3 DPVS. Since the conceptual design will be the predominant focus for 3 DPVS, a three-phase EDP will be established with the illustration as follows. It utilizes the two-stage EDP as introduced previously, and adds the \"manufacture and working prototype\" phase based on the significant role of 3 DP occupying in the innovation and realization of 3 DPVS.  
_Stage 1: Conceptual Design_  
Requirements of the designed 3D scaffolds can be obtained using investigation method and literature review. For example, the requirements of potential 3 DPVS are obtainable through surveying  
Figure 2: (**a**) traditional four-stage engineering design process (EDP); (**b**) a typical three-phase 8-step EDP process; and (**c**) recently used two-stage EDP with higher clarity and usability.  
biological companies and research institutions. These requirements then will be analyzed to outline specific design tasks at a conceptual stage. Based on requirements and objectives, conceptual solutions will be generated following a definite methodology, which will be a core part of the conceptual design. Among a set of conceptual solutions for the requirements identified in the previous phase, a final concept of 3 DPVS will be created. For example, design here can include fundamental material choosing, dynamic material selecting, porous structure construction as well as geometries modelling. A final concept of the proposed 3 DPVS is established so as to shorten the energy pass, create localized, on-demand vibrating functionality, and improves the controllability for dynamicity. 3 DPVS could vibrate with different frequencies under tailored outer environments, and different part of the scaffolds can vibrate non-uniformly to mimic the dynamic cell growth environment in vivo or fulfil external cell culture needs from researchers. How to select the optimal solution will be partly based on criteria; for example, the conceptual details need to be achievable by current 3 DP methods and the design cost is reasonable. 3 DP prototyping or computer simulation may be used to validate the generated concepts, to incorporate them with the theoretical concept selecting process.  
_Stage 2: Detailed Design_  
After the conceptual design, the detailed parameters such as geometrical parameters, mechanical properties and chemical control of the conceptual 3 DPVS can be achieved and evaluated by computer simulation methods. In short, the established conceptual model will be tested and detailed parameters will come into play. The embodiment design requires an understanding of the separate functions that the designed scaffold needs to perform, and then identifies the assemblies or modules necessary to perform those functions. In the 3 DPVS context, these functions chiefly refer to the vibratory functions of different sections of the scaffold, and how each section of the scaffold responds to the vibration mechanism applied. Further analysis and modelling are possibly needed to demonstrate if the arrangement of the product assemblies works desirably. In addition, manufacture and the working prototype will be utilized inside detailed design. The design of 3 DPVS will be finalized here and the product will be printed out by 3D printing technologies. Since 3 DP is one vital element as well as the fabrication tool of 3 DPVS, the relationships between scaffold and 3 DP will be practically analyzed and assessed in this phase. A straight application fulfilling end-users' requirements in dynamic cell culture will be the aim of this phase. 3 DPVS will be applicable for required cell culture applications. As with other tasks in detailed design, it will be the future research task after 3 DPVS conceptual development.