## 2 Applications of Biosensors in Bacteria Detection
### Recognition of Bacteria Using Biosensors
#### 2.1.3 Electrochemical Biosensors
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Biosensor Type** & **Detected Bacteria** & **Limit of Detection** & **Assay Time** & **Ref.** \\ \hline SPR & & _A. salmonizida_, & & \\  & _A. hydrophillia_, & no data & No data & [PERSON] et al. [69] \\  & _V. narevyi_ & & & \\ \hline SPR & _S. typhimuriumium_ & \(10^{8}\) CFU/mL & 10 min & [PERSON] et al. [73] \\ \hline SPR & _L. monocytogenes_ & 3.25 log CFU/100 \(\mu\)l & 7.5 min & [PERSON] et al. [66] \\ \hline SERS & _Various bacteria species_ & \(\sim\)single bacterium & No data & [PERSON] et al. [87] \\ \hline SERS & _E. coli_, & & & \\  & _S. typhimuriumium_, and & no data & No data & [PERSON] et al. [143] \\ \hline SERS & _E. coli O157:H7_ & 3 CFU/mL & No data & [PERSON] et al. [86] \\ \hline SERS & _S. aureus_ & 1–1\(\times\) 10\({}^{6}\) CFU/mL & 30 min & [PERSON] et al. [88] \\ \hline  & & Methicillin-resistant & & \\  & _S. aureus_ (MRSA), & & & \\  & & methicillin-sensitive & & \\  & _S. aureus_ (MSSA), _S. aureus_ & 1.0 \(\times\) 10\({}^{8}\) cells/mL (used & \\  & _S. aureus_ 25923, & concentrations) & 45 min & [PERSON] et al. [144] \\  & & _C. albicans_, & & \\  & _B. cereus, E. coli_, & & & \\  & _P. aeruginosa_ & & & \\ \hline OWLS & _E. coli_ & No data, purpose of work was & 2 min & [PERSON] et al. [145] \\  & _L. plantarum_ & to determine kinetics & & \\ \hline OWLS & _E. coli BL21 AI_ & \(2\times 10^{9}\) CFU/mL was applied & \(\sim\)150 min & [PERSON] et al. [146] \\ \hline EC-OWLS & _L. plantarum_ 2142 & \(10^{2}\)–\(10^{3}\) CFU/mL & \(\sim\)115 min & [PERSON] et al. [147] \\ \hline OWLS (reverse symmetry & & _E. coli K12_ & 60 cells/mm\({}^{2}\) & [PERSON] & [PERSON] et al. [90] \\ nanoporous substrate) & & & & \\ \hline MCLW & _B. subtilis nur. niger_ & \(8\times 10^{4}\) spores/mL & 60 min & [PERSON] et al. [99] \\ \hline MCLW with ultrasound & _B. subtilis nur. niger_ & \(1\times 10^{3}\) spores/mL & 3 min & [PERSON] et al. [98] \\ standing waves & _B. subtilis nur. niger_ & \(1\times 10^{3}\) spores/mL & 3 min & [PERSON] et al. [96] \\ \hline MCLW with an electric field & _B. subtilis nur. niger_ & \(1\times 10^{3}\) spores/mL & 3 min & [PERSON] et al. [96] \\ \hline QCM (with direct binding assay) & _S. typhimuriumium_ & \(\sim\)2 \(\times\) 10\({}^{2}\) CFU/mL & 5 min & [PERSON] et al. [113] \\ \hline QCM (with sandwich assay) & _S. typhimuriumium_ & \(\sim\)1.01 \(\times\) 10\({}^{2}\) CFU/mL & 9 min & [PERSON] et al. [113] \\ \hline QCM (with nanoparticle & & 10–20 CFU/mL & 12 min & [PERSON] et al. [113] \\ amplification) & _S. typhimuriumium_ & 10–20 CFU/mL & No data & [PERSON] [148] \\ \hline QCM & _S. aureus_ & 5.18 \(\times\) 10\({}^{8}\) CFU/mL & No data & [PERSON] [148] \\ \hline QCM & _B. subtilis_ & no data & No data & [PERSON] et al. [111] \\ \hline QCM & _C. jejuni_ & 150 CFU/ mL & No data & [PERSON] et al. [108] \\ \hline QCM & _E. coli O157:H7_ & 1.46 \(\times\) 10\({}^{3}\) CFU/mL & 50 min & [PERSON] et al. [104] \\ \hline QCM & _S. typhimuriumium_ & 10\({}^{3}\) CFU/mL & 1 h & [PERSON] et al. [105] \\ \hline QCM & _S. typhimuriumium_ & 10\({}^{9}\) CFU/mL & No data & [PERSON] et al. [109] \\ \hline QCM & _S. typhimuriumium_ & 10\({}^{5}\) CFU/mL & 10 min & [PERSON] et al. [73] \\ \hline QCM & _E. canis_ & 4.1 \(\times\) 10\({}^{9}\) molecules/\(\mu\)l of 289 & No data & [PERSON] et al. [107] \\  & & by _E. canis_ & & \\ \hline QCM & _B. cereus_ & no data & 10 min & [PERSON] et al. [112] \\ \hline QCM & _A. hydrophillia_ & 1.25 \(\times\) 10\({}^{7}\) CFU/mL & 5 min & [PERSON] et al. [110] \\ \hline QCM & _B. melitensis_ & 1.0\({}^{2}\)–1.0\({}^{7}\) CFU/mL & No data & [PERSON] et al. [106] \\ \hline Asymmetrically anchored PEMC & _L. monocytogenes_ & 10\({}^{2}\) cells/mL & -30 min & [PERSON] et al. [117] \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: _Cont._