# On Deploying the Internet of Energy with 5G Open RAN Technology including Beamforming Mechanism
## 2 5G as the Network of the IoE
This allows the effective application of signal compensation in receivers. So far, NOMA has not been standardized to be applied in 5G systems. Works on NOMA will be continued in the development of 6G systems. Other mechanisms, which are being investigated, are related to mobile network management and, concretely, with the introduction of machine learning mechanisms in 5G with heterogeneous access technologies [16]. **5-fold (1/5) reduction of the current delay value (\(\leq 1\) ms for some applications)**:  
Reducing the latency in network access was and is one of the most difficult parameters to achieve in a mobile network, and at the same time one of the most promising. Several new services are expected to take advantage of this important network feature to deliver mission-critical applications in the IoE. The network changes required to ensure an end-to-end delay of 1 ms are numerous. Transmission delay should be minimized, radio access should be faster with limited signalling overhead, applications should be served as close to users as possible and data pre-processing should be performed at the edge of the network instead of in a remote computing cloud, etc. However, one of the most important new technologies for reducing latency is Multi-access Edge Computing (MEC), a concept related to placing computing servers close to radio access points. The MEC technology thus extends the concept of cloud computing by transferring delay-sensitive application components from distant data centres to computing servers located at the edge of the network, i.e., in the environment of consumers and data generated by applications. MEC can also contribute to a revolution in network management. **5-fold decrease (1/5) in network operating costs--OPEX, and 1000-fold reduction (1/1000) of the current time of service implementation (\(\leq\)90 min):**  
Both of the above requirements for 5G networks, even if they are not closely related to technology, have a large impact on its implementation. Both requirements are related to the fact that 5G is a business network, and in business, money and time are crucial. From a technological point of view, there are new developments that make 5G meet these two requirements. The most important things here are virtualization and software network solutions. Virtualization ensures the separation of services and applications, which in turn accelerates the implementation of new services on the network. Software solutions (implementing many network services independent of hardware requirements) significantly reduce costs and make the network easier and faster adapted to new services (high flexibility). The Network Functions Virtualization (NFV) solution enables the creation of virtual networks in a software manner [17; 18]. This solution uses distributed computing infrastructure (distributed data centres) to dynamically install such networks. Virtual networks are created based on previously prepared templates (blueprints), which contain a set of virtual network functions, their configuration data, as well as connections between them (network topology). To fulfil the above requirements, the network needs to be very flexible and capable of handling different scenarios. In the case of the IoE, the potential scenarios are from energy plants, where a narrow-coverage but high-capacity network is needed until the wide network for sensor information, and in all scenarios, critical and non-critical applications should be possible. The 5G has adopted virtualization and almost full softwarization; thanks to that, the network operator may separate duplicates and manage the network functions dynamically. For example, in the case of an energy plant with a high amount of data to be processed in a short time, the operator could decide to dedicate some processor power near to the tower where the data are stored, or even it is possible to locate jointly to the Radio Access Network some network functions of the Core Network such as the User Plane Function, which is in charge of forwarding data messages.