## 4 Treatment  
Even though the Tropical Council for Companion Animal Parasites (TroCCAP) has affirmed neither a pharmacological treatment schedule nor a therapy that has been proven effective against \(G\). _paralysisans_ infection in cats [47], some empirical treatments have demonstrated variable degrees of effectiveness against this angio-neurotrophic parasite in fields. Unfortunately, no experimental trial for treating gurltiosis has been conducted to date. However, there are some reports of the successfully antiparasitic drugs used with different effectiveness and clinical improvement results in diagnosed cats (Table 4). For example, the oral (PO) administration of ivermectin resulted in clinical recovery in mild or moderate neurodegenerative feline gurltiosis cases [48]. Moreover, the prophylactic use of other macrocyclic lactones, such as selamectin and milbemycin, may prevent \(G\). _paralysisans_ infection in cats located in endemic areas [30], together with the control of paratenic/intermediate hosts and responsible pet ownership practices such as keeping the cats indoor and avoiding hunting behavior in gurltiosis hotspot areas could reduce the possibility of acquiring this not yet wholly understand parasitosis [15]. Furthermore, broad-spectrum fenbendazole (benzimidazole) and macrocyclic lactone mozidectin concomitantly administrated with the neonicotinoid imidacloprid may reduce the risk of \(G\). _paralysisans_ infection, as they do for other related nematode species, such as _A. vasorum_[30].  
The PO or subcutaneously (SQ) ivermectin administration in cats is well-tolerated at ranges between 0.2 and 1.3 mg/kg [51; 52], the no-effect level is approximately 0.5 to 0.75 mg/kg of body weight, and toxicosis has been reported in a limited number of cats. Routinely, a monthly deworming PO dose of mozidectin of 0.003 mg/kg and a sustained release injectable formulation at a dose of 0.17 mg/kg could be preventively administrated every six months in cats [50]. Additionally, a PO milbemycin monthly dose of 2 mg/kg is available for cats, but adverse effects such as hypersalivation, ataxia, mydraisis, and central nervous system depression should be constantly monitored [53]. Furthermore, the highest safe level of selamectin, which has been proven up to ten times its recommended dose in kittens [49; 50], is also a suitable and safe option to treat gurltiosis in domestic cats. However, the PO selamectin administration at the recommended topical dose (6 mg/kg) may cause salivation and vomiting in malnourished or underweight cats [49]. As in other metastrongyloid parasitoses, it is well known that an efficient treatment involves repeated check-ups and repeated treatments when necessary [54]. The use of anti-inflammatory drugs such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and corticosteroids, neuroprotective vitamins (i.e., Vitamins B, C, E, and K), and other medicaments is left to clinician discretion. The animal's recovery depends on the gravity of the vascular damage and the grade of limb cord compression. The longer it takes to establish treatment, the lower is the recovery percentage [30].  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**PCR Type \& Gene** & **Primer Set** & **Amplicon Size (bp)** & **Identification** \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{semi-nested PCR 28S rDNA} & AaGp28s1-R: & & \\  & AGGCATAGTTCACCCAT & & Common sequence \\  & AaGp28S81-F: & & Metastrongyloidea \\ \cline{1-1}  & CGATRATATGTATGTACCATT & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & E1:Aa28S2-F: & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & CGTTGATGATGATGATG & 300 & _A. abstrusus_ \\ \cline{1-1}  & E2:Gp28s3-R: & 356 & _G. paralysisans_ \\ \cline{1-1}  & TCTTCCGCCGCATATTAGTA & & \\ \hline Endpoint-PCR & F: AGCAGAGAGGTGTTGGAAG & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & rDNA Feline & R: AGGAGAGAGCCTAATTCAAAGG & 100 & Internal control \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 3: Reported PCR analysis for _Gurltia paralysisans_ proposed by [PERSON] et al., 2020, and [PERSON] et al., 2021.