## 3 Results
### Acidification and Growth of Probiotics in Presence of Antioxidants and Food Matrices
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Probiotics** & **pH** & **pH** & **pH** & **pH** & **(Diff.Ac.Deg.)** \\  & **artMRS * & **artMRS + Pom.S.E.** & **artMRS + Pom.S.E. +** & **artMRS + Pom.S.E.** + & **pH ArtMRS + Pom.S.E.** + \\  & & & **FOS** & **FOS + inu** & **artMRS + Pom.S.E.** + \\  & & & & **FOS + inu** & **FOS + inu** \\ \hline _B. animals 13A_ & 5.66 \(\pm\) 0.12 a & 5.51 \(\pm\) 0.11 ab & 5.37 \(\pm\) 0.11 bc & 5.26 \(\pm\) 0.04 c & 0.40 \(\pm\) 0.08 \\ _B. animals BLC1_ & 5.31 \(\pm\) 0.10 a & 5.23 \(\pm\) 0.06 a & 5.02 \(\pm\) 0.11 b & 4.86 \(\pm\) 0.08 b & 0.45 \(\pm\) 0.09 \\ _B. breree 15A_ & 5.24 \(\pm\) 0.07 a & 5.15 \(\pm\) 0.10 a & 4.91 \(\pm\) 0.12 bc & 4.77 \(\pm\) 0.03 c & 0.47 \(\pm\) 0.05 \\ _L. acidophilus LA3_ & 4.83 \(\pm\) 0.09 a & 4.78 \(\pm\) 0.10 b & 4.65 \(\pm\) 0.04 b & 4.59 \(\pm\) 0.11 b & 0.24 \(\pm\) 0.10 \\ _L. delbrueckii SP5_ & 5.34 \(\pm\) 0.11 a & 5.21 \(\pm\) 0.03 a & 5.02 \(\pm\) 0.12 b & 4.86 \(\pm\) 0.09 b & 0.48 \(\pm\) 0.10 \\ _L. casei BC9P3_ & 4.92 \(\pm\) 0.06 a & 4.94 \(\pm\) 0.08 a & 4.81 \(\pm\) 0.11 a & 4.74 \(\pm\) 0.07 b & 0.18 \(\pm\) 0.07 \\ _L. casei LC4P1_ & 4.93 \(\pm\) 0.08 a & 4.95 \(\pm\) 0.06 a & 4.70 \(\pm\) 0.11 b & 4.56 \(\pm\) 0.05 b & 0.37 \(\pm\) 0.07 \\ _L. partaresi 14A_ & 5.09 \(\pm\) 0.05 a & 4.92 \(\pm\) 0.05 b & 4.80 \(\pm\) 0.04 c & 4.69 \(\pm\) 0.11 c & 0.40 \(\pm\) 0.08 \\ _L. r. mammous LRB_ & 4.91 \(\pm\) 0.10 a & 4.99 \(\pm\) 0.08 a & 4.88 \(\pm\) 0.08 ab & 4.81 \(\pm\) 0.04 b & 0.10 \(\pm\) 0.07 \\ _L. r. mammous SP1_ & 4.95 \(\pm\) 0.10 a & 4.98 \(\pm\) 0.02 a & 4.88 \(\pm\) 0.11 ab & 4.80 \(\pm\) 0.11 b & 0.15 \(\pm\) 0.11 \\ _L.pl. plantarum 12A_ & 5.10 \(\pm\) 0.10 a & 4.92 \(\pm\) 0.02 b & 4.81 \(\pm\) 0.03 c & 4.69 \(\pm\) 0.12 c & 0.41 \(\pm\) 0.11 \\ _L.pl. plantarum 3 ON_ & 5.03 \(\pm\) 0.08 a & 4.95 \(\pm\) 0.10 ab & 4.84 \(\pm\) 0.05 b & 4.69 \(\pm\) 0.10 c & 0.34 \(\pm\) 0.09 \\ _L.pl. plantarum 4.1_ & 5.42 \(\pm\) 0.10 a & 5.37 \(\pm\) 0.10 ab & 5.26 \(\pm\) 0.06 bc & 5.19 \(\pm\) 0.04 c & 0.23 \(\pm\) 0.07 \\ _L.pl. plantarum LPL_ & 4.96 \(\pm\) 0.07 a & 4.91 \(\pm\) 0.10 ab & 4.78 \(\pm\) 0.06 b & 4.66 \(\pm\) 0.02 c & 0.30 \(\pm\) 0.05 \\ _L.pl. plantarum ONII7_ & 4.98 \(\pm\) 0.11 a & 4.97 \(\pm\) 0.07 a & 4.90 \(\pm\) 0.11 ab & 4.83 \(\pm\) 0.05 b & 0.15 \(\pm\) 0.08 \\ _L.pl. plantarum ONIS_ & 5.01 \(\pm\) 0.06 a & 4.91 \(\pm\) 0.05 ab & 4.78 \(\pm\) 0.08 bc & 4.67 \(\pm\) 0.03 c & 0.34 \(\pm\) 0.05 \\ _L.pl. plantarum VEGII_ & 4.97 \(\pm\) 0.12 a & 4.95 \(\pm\) 0.02 a & 4.78 \(\pm\) 0.10 ab & 4.67 \(\pm\) 0.11 b & 0.30 \(\pm\) 0.12 \\ _L.pl. plantarum VEGIII_ & 4.99 \(\pm\) 0.05 a & 5.02 \(\pm\) 0.11 ab & 4.89 \(\pm\) 0.04 b & 4.83 \(\pm\) 0.12 b & 0.16 \(\pm\) 0.09 \\  Synbio 100 & 4.93 \(\pm\) 0.10 a & 5.06 \(\pm\) 0.10 a & 4.34 \(\pm\) 0.04 b & 4.10 \(\pm\) 0.10 c & 0.83 \(\pm\) 0.10 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}  
* artMRS = artisanal MRS (2 g/L of glucose).
* Values within the same column showing different superscript letter are significantly different (Tukey’s test, \(p<\) 0.05). Within the last column, underlined values showed the selected probiotics.  
\end{table} 
Table 1: Acidification of probiotics in artisanal MRS (artMRS) used alone (as a control) or supplemented with pomegranate seed extract (Pom.S.E., 5 g/L), or Pom.S.E. + fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) (each 5 g/L), or Pom.S.E. (5 g/L) + rAcidification and Growth of Probiotics on Fecal Media from Healthy and Chronic Kidney Disease Subjects  
Twelve probiotics (_B. breve_ 15A; _B. animalis_ BLC1 and 13A; _L. delbrueckii_ SP5; _Lc. casei_ LCP1; _Lc. paracasei_ 14A; _Lrp. plantarum_ LPAL, VEGI 1, ONI3, 3 ON, and 12A; and Synbio 100), showing the highest acidification and growth on media containing antioxidant food matrices and prebiotics, were tested for their ability to grow in fecal media. Fresh fecal samples were collected from five healthy subjects (HC), pooled, and used to produce HC fecal medium. To the fecal medium, we added glucose (2 g/L), dietary fibers (FOS + inulin, each 2.5 g/L), and/or antioxidants (5 g/L).