# Searching for Potential Markers of Glomerulopathy in Urine by HS-SPME-GC\(\times\)GC TOFMS
## 5 Conclusions  
Our work focused on the development a methodology able to differentiate patients with glomerular diseases from healthy persons. Our study highlighted that volatile profiles coming from the two groups, diseased and controls can be easily discriminated by network analysis. Cluster analysis (based on Squared Euclidean distance) also segregated the two investigated groups. Dataset reduction highlighted that all persons with glomerular diseases had elevated level of several dozens of compounds with different origins; however, four compounds (methyl hexadecanoate; 9-hexadecen-1-ol; 6,10-dimethyl-5,9-undecadien-2-one, 2-pentanone were finally, proposed as markers of glomerular diseases. Identified compounds may be promising biomarker candidates for discrimination of patients with glomerular diseases and healthy volunteers. Moreover, deeper investigations of the biochemical pathways of the particular compounds as well selection of larger group of participants, with respect of non-proliferative or proliferative types, are essential. In the future perspective, investigations focused on person's diet will be particularly interesting.  
The following are available online at [[https://www.mdpi.com/1420](https://www.mdpi.com/1420)]([https://www.mdpi.com/1420](https://www.mdpi.com/1420)) -3049/26/7/1817/s1, Figure S1: structure ordered GCxGC chromatogram of urine sample from patient. Peak groups: 1--Ketones (2-pentanone, 3-methyl-2-pentanone, 3-hexanone, 3-heptanone, 5-methyl-3-hexanone, acetophenone), 2--Aldehydes (hexanal, heptanal, octanal, nonanal, decanal, benzaldehyde, benzeneacetaldehyde), 3--Alcohols (1-hexanol, 1-octanol, 1-nonanol, menthalenoid, 1-decanol, verbenol, 1-dodecanol, 1-tetradecanol, 9-hexadecen-1-ol, 9-octadecen-1-ol), 4--Phenols (phenol, 4-methylphenol).  
Conceptualization, T.L. and J.Z.; methodology, T.L., G.S., I.A.R., R.M.G.P., M.M.; software, A.W.-P., I.A.R.; validation, T.L., G.S., I.A.R.; formal analysis, T.L., I.A.R.; investigation, T.L., R.M.G.P., G.S., J. Z.; data curation, A.W.-P., I.A.R.; writing--original draft preparation, T.L., I.A.R.; writing--review and editing, T.L., J.Z., G.S., R.M.G.P., A.W.-P., I.A.R., M.M.; supervision, T.L.; funding acquisition, T.L. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
This work was supported by Torun Center of Excellence \"Towards Personalized Medicine\" operating under Excellence Initiative-Research University ([PERSON], [PERSON]).  
The study was conducted according to the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Ethics Committee of Collegium Medicium in Bydgoszcz (No. KB 621/2016-25.10.2016).  
Informed Consent Statement: Informed consent was obtained from all subjects involved in the study.  
Data Availability Statement: Data is contained within the article.  
The authors would like to thanks to [PERSON] for technical support.  
The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results.  
Samples of the compounds are not available from the authors.