## 1 Introduction  
Over the last 50 or 60 years or so, global warming has been increasingly felt. It has imposed regional climate change on continents, leading to drought and desertification as well as catastrophic floods. Floods, as periodic hazards with natural causation, have been recorded all over the world, and Central-Eastern Europe, including Romania, has been no exception [1; 2; 3; 4]. Floods can become disastrous when they cause significant material damage and loss of life [6]. In affected areas, an important step in flood risk management includes the prevention and minimization of financial losses [7], but also the development of innovative financial mechanisms and instruments that a central public administration can adopt in particularly exposed regions [8; 9]. Flooding has also become one of the major legislative concerns of the European Union, and Directive 2007/60/EC [10; 11] has been issued to all Member States. This refers to the assessment and management of flood risk through the production of hazard mapsand corresponding risk maps for areas with potentially significant vulnerability [12]. The maps produced become an important tool for communicating flood risk to the various public administrations involved, which are national water management authorities, civil protection institutions, prefectures with decision-making competence for larger territories, town halls, insurance companies, etc. [13]. In the context presented, the concerns for the realization of flood hazard maps are based on methodologies and computational algorithms implemented in hydraulic modeling software integrated into Geographic Information Systems (GIS), the most popular of which are HEC-RAS, MIKE SHE and LISFLOOD-FP, which are designed for the realization of flood belts, or for the modeling and visualization of realistic and efficient simulations related to the flooding of major riverbeds [14; 15; 16; 17; 18]. The results are constituted as elaborate and structured databases in a GIS environment. They represent the scientific foundation supporting efforts to understand the phenomenon in depth, but also aim to mitigate the effects of floods, in conjunction with the mitigation of material damage and human casualties [19]. The development of hazard and flood risk maps is a complex algorithm in which certain techniques implemented by methods, such as hydrological and hydraulic modeling, are applied based on a set of topographic data describing the drainage channel terrain and water discharge areas with a certain accuracy required by the type and accuracy of the numerical terrain model [20]. The methods used for the observation of flooded or potentially flooded areas range from in situ monitoring based on real-time images from visual sensor cameras [21; 22; 23], to the use of satellite images [24; 25; 26], to those using digital elevation models (DEM) from remote sensing [27; 28; 29]. In the current research, DEM has been performed by interpolating the levelling and drainage network extracted from topographic maps at a scale of 1:25,000 using the Topo to Raster tool implemented in ArcGIS/ArcMap software 10.8.2 [30]. In order to increase the pixel resolution and hence the detail of the resulting modeling, data extracted from maps at a more detailed scale can also be used. Frequently used are digital elevation models made by measurements taken with LIDAR scanning [31; 32; 33], as they are able to generate a higher spatial resolution than numerical models obtained by the interpolation of levelling and drainage network. The hydraulic modeling presented in the current research was performed using the Hydrologic Engineering Center River Analysis System (HEC-RAS) application, a free source software [34] most commonly used in studies aimed at hazard and flood risk mapping [35; 36; 37; 38], and officially accepted by government agencies and developed by the Hydrologic Engineering Center of U.S. Army Corps. HEC-RAS allows the integration of GIS spatial databases through the HEC-GeoRAS extension belonging to the ArcGIS/ArcMap program.