# The Effect of Heat Sink Properties on Solar Cell Cooling Systems  
[PERSON]  
Correspondence: [EMAIL_ADDRESS]s.ac.id  
[PERSON]  
Correspondence: [EMAIL_ADDRESS]  
[PERSON]  
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Il. Ir., Sutami 36A, Central Java, Surakarta 57126, Indonesia; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (S.S.); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (D.D.D.P.T.); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (W.E.J.); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (M.R.A.P.); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (A.R.P.)  
[PERSON]  
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Il. Ir., Sutami 36A, Central Java, Surakarta 57126, Indonesia; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (S.S.); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (D.D.D.P.T.); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (W.E.J.); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (M.R.A.P.); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (A.R.P.)  
R. A. A. P.  
This decrease in the efficiency of solar cells that results from increasing temperature can affect the performance of solar cells [7; 8]. Cooling systems can increase the efficiency of solar cells [9]. Two types of solar cell cooling methods exist, namely, active and passive cooling. The reduction in the working temperature of solar cells using active cooling is 7.5 \({}^{\circ}\)C greater than that using passive cooling [10]. However, active cooling is less effective because it requires external input power, which reduces the overall efficiency of the solar cell system. Some of the passive cooling methods commonly used include adding heat sinks, adding a phase change material (PCM), and cooling solar cells with a floating system on water [10]. The addition of a heat sink to solar cells has the advantages of ease of manufacture and installation, and flexibility in the placement of solar cells. The addition of a heat sink can reduce the working temperature by up to 4.2% and increase the output power by up to 5.5% [11].  
A better testing process can be implemented using a simulation method which is then verified by experiment or vice versa [12; 13; 14]. Research with a simulation method using ANSYS was undertaken by [PERSON] (2016) using an aluminum heat sink with perforated fins [15; 16; 17; 18]. The holes in the fins aim to increase the natural convection wind release [14]. Heat sinks are usually made of copper or aluminum due to their good thermal conductivity values [16]. Thermal conductivity refers to the ability of a material to conduct heat. The thermal conductivity of copper is higher than that of aluminum [19]. This implies that the heat transfer of copper is faster than that of aluminum. To hasten heat transfer, heat sinks are equipped with perforated fins. This allows the wind to pass through so that it can release the heat into the environment [20].  
Passive cooling system methods are an interesting research solution to the problem of overheating. The use of a passive cooling system requires adjustment of its parameters. Previous studies have not determined the effect of adding perforated fins and the use of alloy materials on heat sinks in passive cooling systems. Thus, the current research was conducted to obtain parameters for the addition of perforated fins and the use of several types of heat sink materials to achieve optimal performance for passive cooling systems. The increase in the number of perforated fins and the use of several types of materials in the heat sink are expected to increase the cooling system capability and to increase the performance of photovoltaic cells as a result of the improved heat transfer rate.