## 2 Results
### Global Point Prevalence Survey (GPPS)  
During the course of the project, a GPPS was performed on 175 inpatients in the hospital. Their mean (SD) age was 33 \(\pm\) 19 years. The majority were males (124, 70.9%), admitted to the surgical wards of the hospital (112, 64.0%) and aged 20-40 years (79, 45.1%). More than half (98, 56.0%) of the patients were prescribed an antibiotic, most in the surgical wards (63, 69.2%). Antibiotics prescribed to patients in this study were mainly in the Access (85, 48.6%) or Watch (83, 47.4%) groups. The most common reason for prescribing antibiotics was to treat community-acquired infections (92, 52.5%) (Table 1). Ceftriaxone J01 DD04 (60, 34.3%) and metronidazolezo P01 AB01 (53, 30.3%) were the most common antibiotics prescribed to patients in this study (Table 2). Twenty-five (14.2%) cases did not specify the indications for antibiotic prescription. Only 25 (15.3%) patients were prescribed antibiotics according to hospital treatment guidelines. In multivariable regression analysis, women were less likely to have an indication for prescribing antibiotics: [aOR 0.28, 95% CI (0.09-0.83); \(p=0.022\)]. Indications for prescribing were less likely to be stated for the unclassified antimicrobial agents than Access antibiotics (Table 3). \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline  & **Total** & **MW** & **SW** & **ICU** \\
**Parameter** & \(n\)**(\%)** & \(n\)**(\%)** & \(n\)**(\%)** & \(n\)**(\%)** \\ \hline Overall total & 175 (100) & 60 (34.3) & 112 (64.0) & 3 (1.7) \\ Sex & & & \\ Female & 51 (29.1) & 30 (50.0) & 18 (16.1) & 3 (100.0) \\ Male & 124 (70.9) & 30 (50.0) & 94 (83.9) & 0 (0.0) \\ Age & & & \\ \(<\)20 & 45 (25.7) & 7 (11.7) & 38 (33.9) & 0 (0.0) \\
20–40 & 79 (45.2) & 29 (48.3) & 49 (43.8) & 1 (33.3) \\
41–60 & 27 (15.4) & 14 (23.3) & 13 (11.6) & 0 (0.0) \\ \(>\)60 & 24 (13.7) & 10 (16.7) & 12 (10.7) & 2 (66.7) \\ Mean (SD) & 33 (18.0) & - & - & - \\ Prescriptions based on laboratory results & & & & \\ Yes & 19 (10.9) & 5 (8.3) & 14 (12.5) & 0 (0.0) \\ No & 156 (89.1) & 55 (91.7) & 98 (87.5) & 3 (100) \\ Indications for prescribing antibiotics & & & & \\ CAI & 92 (52.5) & 37 (61.7) & 52 (46.4) & 0 (0.0) \\ HAI & 30 (17.1) & 16 (26.7) & 22 (19.6) & 3 (100.0) \\ Medical prophylaxis & 1 (0.6) & 1 (1.7) & 0 (0.0) & 0 (0.0) \\ Surgical prophylaxis & 28 (16.0) & 0 (0.0) & 28 (25.0) & 0 (0.0) \\ Unknown & & 24 (13.7) & 8 (13.3) & 16 (14.3) & 0 (0.0) \\ Documented antibiotic stop/review date & & & & \\ Yes & 38 (21.7) & 16 (26.7) & 22 (19.6) & 0 (0.0) \\ No & 137 (78.3) & 44 (73.3) & 90 (80.4) & 3 (100) \\ Reason in notes & & & & \\ Yes & 119 (68.0) & 40 (66.7) & 76 (67.9) & 3 (100) \\ No & 56 (32.0) & 20 (33.3) & 36 (32.1) & 0 (0.0) \\ AWaRe & & & & \\ Access & 85 (48.6) & 26 (43.3) & 58 (51.8) & 1 (33.3) \\ Watch & 83 (47.4) & 29 (48.3) & 52 (46.4) & 2 (66.7) \\ Not classified & 7 (4.0) & 5 (8.3) & 2 (1.8) & 0 (0.0) \\ Prevalence of antibiotic use & 98 (56.0) & 33 (51.6) & 63 (69.2) & 2 (100.0) \\ Dose per day (IQR) & 2 (2–3) & 2 (2–3) & 2 (2–3) & 2.5 (2–3) \\ Route & & & & \\ Parenteral & 130 (73.9) & 38 (63.3) & 88 (78.6) & 4 (100) \\ Oral & & 46 (26.1) & 22 (36.7) & 24 (21.4) & 0 (0) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Demographic characteristics of participants and antibiotics prescribing patterns.