## 4 Results
### Questionnaire Results
#### 4.2.2 Classification of Presence Factors  
The number of potential presence factors is substantial. Therefore, it would be helpful for designers to have a method to logically organize them. To this end, we propose a classification method for organizing presence factors comprising four groups along the static-dynamic and internal-external dimensions as follows: \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt}} \hline \hline
**Presence Factor** & **Explanation** & **Evidence** \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Narration sound} & If a VR experience uses narration, the narration sound should be of high quality and fitting for the context. For example, in the Four Seasons VR experience, we chose a female child as the narrator as they are a likable and friendly character. & \"The Narration voice is experienced.\" (Male, 30s) \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Examination of the content} & By allowing the user to freely examine the virtual environment and the objects within it, we can increase the feeling of realism and freedom. These factors can consequently contribute to presence. & \"It is good when the fireflies are on my hand. I can examine them.\" (Male, 20s) \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Realistic soundscape} & The soundscape of the VR experience should be realistic, including environmental sounds and sounds made by interactable and non-interactable objects. Positional sound should be used such that closer sound sources sound & \"Realistic BGM.\" (Male, 20s) \\ \cline{1-1}  & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 7: _Cont._ \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt}} \hline \hline
**Presence Factor** & **Explanation** & **Evidence** \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Realistic scale and distance} & Some participants had difficulty with identifying how far virtual objects were from them. This can make the virtual world feel unnatural and interaction with virtual objects cumbersome because the object’s position must first be “found” by hands before the interaction can begin. To alleviate this, the scale and distance measures should be realistic. & \"I can’t perceive a sense of distance.\" (Male, 20s) \\ \cline{1-1}  & & \"It is hard to estimate the object’s position.\" (Female, 20s) \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Unobstructed physical environment} & Some participants identified potential danger in using virtual objects in a limited physical area where unnecessary physical objects might be placed near the user. Collisions with objects and fixed structures will certainly break the immersion, thereby diminishing presence. Even the perceived threat of collisions may keep the user on their toes, thereby affecting presence. & \"If there are some obstacles nearby the user, it’ll be dangerous because the user can touch those with bare hands.\" (Male, 20s) \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Flawless technical implementation} & Technical issues, such as software bugs and malfunctioning hardware, diminish the user experience of any interaction technology. In gesture-based VR experiences, technical issues related to VR equipment and hand tracking are particularly important to avoid, along with software issues that cause delays and distorted content. & \"Hand graphics were twisted.\" (Male, 20s) \\ \cline{1-1}  & The VR device and other accessories should feel unobtrusive to wear. The properties of the equipment (e.g., weight, fit, sweat inducement) can cause discomfort and inconvenience to the user, thereby inhibiting presence. & \"The HMD device is too heavy, so it is hard to rotate my head.\" (Male, 20s) \\ \cline{1-1}  & Novic users may particularly feel inconvenienced by wearing multiple devices. & \"All the experiment devices are too many.\" (Male, 30s) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 8: Identified potential presence factors related to technology. 1. **Dynamic--Internal**: These presence factors relate to the user's affection through personal preferences and perception.