## 7 Analysis of Import/Export of 2D and 3D Objects in Neutral Data Exchange Formats  
### Import/Export of 2D Objects in DXF Format  
In the manufacturing process, we may encounter parts for which the final design can be implemented as a 2D or 3D model or a model with drawing documentation created in the CAD system. Thus, a model generated in any CAD system can be used for a variety of applications: for machining simulation and toolpath generation in a CAM system, finite element analysis, or documentation applications. The reason for selecting neutral formats such as DXF, IGES, STEP, SAT, and X-T, which are the focus of this experiment, is their commercial availability. The first reason is that they are standards developed by the ANSI and ISO standards, and the second reason is their wide use in industrial sectors, such as the automotive and aerospace industries. They are also of interest in the field of CNC manufacturing, where data conversion, working with different processing formats, and data exchange between different CAD systems are frequently used. The evaluation criteria were selected and used to solve the problems of data processing between the customer's program and the program used for production, which can be applied to the machining process. In the production of parts, a large part is related to the program in which a given company works and in which a given CAD model is created. However, the range of programs that can be used in the field and the consequent work with them is limited by the format in which the CAD model is saved, sent, and subsequently opened. The selected formats were chosen based on the degree of compatibility between those most used for saving in different CAD systems. The DXF format is the most commonly used data format in current graphics and CAD programs. The choice of comparing DXF formats was based on their use in programming on CNC machines, which makes it possible to open these files and extract points and contours from them. This saves programming and testing time, and the resulting contour is an exact match to the drawing. DXF files usually contain several layers in which the part drawing is arranged. When producing parts with the required dimensions and shapes, CNC programmers often encounter a problem called data conversion, especially in the case of shaped mold parts, where individual surfaces need to be manually modified using various tools in the CAD system. These errors appear as missing surfaces, gaps, holes, sharp edges, overlapping surfaces, or incorrect visualization of details. The reason for these errors is the format in which the CAD model is saved is different from the format in which it is subsequently opened in another CAD system. This error occurs when different CAD systems are used for different project teams. Saving CAD models in a certain format, which is the starting point for its further production processing, as well as data processing conversion, has its own justification. Incorrect data processing not only increases the production time but also the time needed to make corrections in the CAD system. It is only when the model is repaired and meets the required properties that it is ready for the next process, e.g., programming toolpaths in the CAM system and generating NC data for a specified CNC machine. The DXF translator, as a neutral format for the exchange of 2D objects between CAD/CAE/CAx systems, translated the transferred entries correctly in most cases. An imported object with a partial loss of geometry can be quickly repaired in many cases. Before exporting an object, it is always worth considering the \"target\" system for which it is intended. Some systems, or rather their translators, are not compatible with each other. In these cases, correct data exchange proved impossible. It is possible to experiment with different import options to find the right settings for the type of 2D data being transferred. It is also advisable to export the data several times with different export settings, if available.