## 1 Introduction  
The global yearly increase in electrical power production exceeds the Total Primary Energy Supply (TPES). Since 1980 the annual development rate of the TPES has been 1.9%, comparable to the electrical energy supply at 4.9%. This signifies that most of the global TPES expansion is responsible for developing the electrical power supply. Currently, the worldwide electricity demand increases two-fold every 14.5 years; the evidence depicts a perpetual increment in the transitional perspective [1]. Noticeably, greater than 39% of the comprehensive electric energy supply is acquired from fossil fuels (coal), and the other 23% is from natural gas [1]. When conventional fossil fuels are ignited, they tend to discharge considerable amounts of CO\({}_{2}\), noticeably a typical Greenhouse Gas (GHG) and a leading determinant of the average universal rise in temperature and Global Climate Change (GCC). Numerous initiatives have been implemented due to unfavorable environmental outcomes caused by GHGs [2]. Considering the type of conventional power plants, coal power plants emit an excessive yield of CO\({}_{2}\) per unit of electric energy supplied, 1.15 tons of CO\({}_{2}\) per MWh, whereas natural gas plants discharge an estimated 0.75 tons per MWh [3]. Fossil fuels have contributed approximately 40% of the 38 billion tons generated several years ago. To alleviate the discharge of GHGs, the mitigation of CO\({}_{2}\) emissions are a priority,and a functional approach to restrict these emissions is to replace conventional generators, commencing with coal-ignited plants, substituting them with inexhaustible energy systems, especially with solar and wind energy since they are excessively attainable [4]. Green energy in the electrical sector is liable to meet the global accelerating energy demand, transforming the progress of the existing grid into a smart grid. This minimizes the reliance on traditional energy generation due to the negative effects on the ecosystem. RERs are indispensable as they are inexhaustible in nature, environmentally safe, scalable, and can be implemented in various applications such as industrial, commercial, agricultural, and residential areas [5]. RERs such as wind and photovoltaic (PV) power have developed considerably over the last few years, surpassing other renewable energy systems. They can produce electricity in remote and inadequate energy regions [6]. Integrating renewable energy systems, i.e., PV and wind, and battery energy storage into the utility grid is materializing at various levels. Hence, microgrids (MGs) are recognized as alleviating the burden of deteriorating conventional generators and minimizing the reliance on conventional power generators [7]. An MG comprises of distributed generators (DGs) and end-users positioned within the distribution system. Furthermore, an MG with an energy storage system (ESS) at a distribution level mitigates the effects of renewable energy sources (RESs) on utility grids [8]. If suitably managed, it can contribute a wide range of merits, such as enhancing dependability and sustainability to the distribution system [9]. An MG has three distinct modes of functioning, i.e., grid-tied, off-grid, and outage modes. An MG is linked to a main grid through a Point of Common Coupling (PCC) in the grid-tied mode. Grid-tied MGs are utility grids with a certain degree of DER and correlated loads [10]. This research paper performs an analysis of a grid-tied microgrid. As aforementioned, MGs have inherent variable attributes from renewable energy systems. Increased penetration has presented significant technical issues in sustaining the electric energy's supply and demand stability in the utility grid. Various electrical energy storage technologies can be utilized to attain variable balancing of the power supply [11]. This can be from periodic fluctuations such as days, weeks, or even months. In this case, the efficiency of energy storage renders an important responsibility.