# The Role of Microorganisms and Their Antibacterial Compounds in Food Biopreservation
## 3 Antimicrobial Compounds Produced by Bacteria
### Bacteriocins
(2021), the main advantages of bacteriocins in food biopreservation are (1) the lengthening of a food product's shelf life, (2) additional antimicrobial protection during high-temperature food processing and other physicochemical stresses associated with food manufacturing, (3) the risk reduction in spreading foodborne pathogen via food products, (4) the limitation of economic losses due to the reduction in spoiled food, (5) alleviation of food processing treatments along with maintaining food safety and sensory traits as well as with the reduction in food processing-derived losses of vitamins, nutrients, and other beneficial compounds [47]. Bacteriocins can be applied to food as biopreservatives directly in the purified or semi-purified form. Another way to provide them to the food matrix is through the addition of suitable bacterial strains synthesizing bacteriocins. Bactericons can be affected within food matrixes by external harmful physicochemical conditions and by proteolytic degradation. Moreover, bacteriocins added to food or produced \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l l} \hline \hline
**Name of the Database** & **Http Address (Accessed on 21 June 2024)** & **References** \\ \hline UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, BAGEL & [[https://www.uniprot.org?/uniprotkb?query=bacteriocin/](https://www.uniprot.org?/uniprotkb?query=bacteriocin/)]([https://www.uniprot.org?/uniprotkb?query=bacteriocin/](https://www.uniprot.org?/uniprotkb?query=bacteriocin/)) & [33] \\ \hline antiSMASH 2.0 & [[http://antismash.Secondarymetabolites.org](http://antismash.Secondarymetabolites.org)]([http://antismash.Secondarymetabolites.org](http://antismash.Secondarymetabolites.org)) & [34] \\ \hline ADAM & [[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4426897/](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4426897/)]([https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4426897/](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4426897/)) & [35] \\ \hline BAGEL3 & [[http://bagel.molgenrug.nl](http://bagel.molgenrug.nl)]([http://bagel.molgenrug.nl](http://bagel.molgenrug.nl)) & [35] \\ \hline BUR—Bacteriocins database URMITE & [[https://drissifaima.wisite.com/bacteriocins](https://drissifaima.wisite.com/bacteriocins)]([https://drissifaima.wisite.com/bacteriocins](https://drissifaima.wisite.com/bacteriocins)) & [36] \\ \hline NucleBact & [[https://pubmlst.org/projects/nuclebact](https://pubmlst.org/projects/nuclebact)]([https://pubmlst.org/projects/nuclebact](https://pubmlst.org/projects/nuclebact)) & [37] \\ \hline LABiocin & [[https://labiocin.univ-lille.fr](https://labiocin.univ-lille.fr)]([https://labiocin.univ-lille.fr](https://labiocin.univ-lille.fr)) & [38] \\ \hline Syngulon & [[https://syngulon.com](https://syngulon.com)]([https://syngulon.com](https://syngulon.com)) & [39] \\ \hline Bacteriocin & [[https://aapep.boccsi.com](https://aapep.boccsi.com)]([https://aapep.boccsi.com](https://aapep.boccsi.com)) & [40] \\ \hline BACTIBASE & [[https://www.re3](https://www.re3) data.org/repository/r3d100012755]([https://www.re3](https://www.re3) data.org/repository/r3d100012755) & [41] \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Bacteriocins databases. in food matrix are sensitive to the proteolytic enzymes of the digestive tract. To maintain its activity in food matrixes as well as in the digestive tract, encapsulation methods are developed and introduced [50]. To improve bacteriocin stability and efficacy, different nanoencapsulation systems were developed, such as metal (gold, silver, palladium), solid lipid nanoparticles, phytoglycogen, chitosan, and nanofibers. Some of these nanotechnologies can be applied in food preservation [51]. For bacteriocins encapsulations nanoliposomes, nanoemulsions, solid lipid nanoparticles, biopolymeric nanoparticles, and nanofibers were successfully used [52]. The promising natural antimicrobial system of bacteriocin encapsulations suitable for food preservation consists of nanoparticle-based vehicles with antimicrobial activity such as chitosan or silver nanoparticles [52; 53].