# Progress in Transparent Nano-Ceramics and Their Potential Applications
## 5 Other Transparent Nano-Ceramics
### Electro-Optical Transparent Nano-Ceramics
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt}} \hline
**Year, Authors** & **Powder and Fabrication** & **Findings** & **Performance** & **Remarks** \\ \hline
1970, [PERSON] et al. [102] & Preparation of optoceramics with a thickness of 1 mm using a two-step hot-pressing method. & The density reached up 99\% of the standard density and the transmittance reached up to 80\%. & When the wavelength increased, the light intensity of ceramics, but the light transmission to 80\%. & The hot-pressing firing method could improve the density of ceramics, but the light transmission performance needed to be improved. \\ \hline
2016, [PERSON] et al. [103] & Mixture of Bi\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{3}\) and CuO; vibrating grinding and sintering. & After adding mixed oxides, the sintering temperature decreased by nearly 50 \({}^{\circ}\)C to 1200 \({}^{\circ}\)C. & At 1200 \({}^{\circ}\)C, the induced strain of the enhanced electric field reached 0.0079\%. & Higher dielectric constants could be obtained at lower sintering temperatures. \\ \hline
2017, [PERSON] et al. [105] & Mixture of 3\% lanthanum, 75\% PMN, and 25\% PT; two-step hot-pressing method. & As the temperature increased, the half-wave voltage increased from 200 to 400 V. & The electro-optic coefficient increased with increasing increase in temperature. & The ferroelectric precision and transmission could be controlled by temperature. \\ \hline
2018, [PERSON] et al. [104] & Mixture of 69 ppm \(\mathrm{F}\mathrm{s}^{*}\) and 78 ppm \(\mathrm{N}\mathrm{b}^{*+}\); sol-gel. & Conductivity increased by two orders of magnitude as the sample changed from 100 Hz to 1 MHz. & Conductivity was proportional to frequency. & The conductivity could be controlled by controlling the magnitude of the frequency. \\ \hline
2018, [PERSON] et al. [106] & PMN-PT/CFO thin films; sol–gel spin coating. & The temperature rose from 650 to 730 degrees Celisius; the leakage current to 40.59. & The ferroelectric properties decreased with an increase in the ratio of CFO to PMN-PT and increased with an increase in temperature. & The coupling effect between the ferroelectric phase and the phase and the ferromagnetic phase was observed, which will pave the way for the preparation of multifunctional crystals in the future. \\ \hline
2021, [PERSON] et al. [97] & PMN-PT ceramic materials doped with Sm; two-step sintering method. & When the Sm doping decreased from 3.15 to 3.05 eV. & When there was Sm doping, it affected the size of the electro-optic coefficient. & The optical power could be controlled by doping Sm. \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Summary of electro-optical transparent nano-ceramics described in the text grouped by publication year. materials were mixed, the piezoelectric coefficient was very high. The device's perovskite structure with good crystallinity results in better self-powering performance, harvesting energy from the environment and reducing the cost required for the device. When subjected to external force, both PMN-PT and PVDF materials generate an electric potential to maintain the stability of the material and reduce the possibility of fracture [110].