# Construction of the Stand and Experimental Studies of the Iontophoresis Process
## 1 Introduction  
Physiotherapy, especially electotherapy, is one of the key elements of the modern rehabilitation process, which supports the treatment of various human health disorders, such as musculoskeletal diseases, neuropathic pain or inflammations [1]. Modern rehabilitation techniques such as iontophoresis offer effective methods of treatment that use electric current to transport active substances deep into the patient's body [2]. This treatment is gaining popularity thanks to its effectiveness in treating many diseases, in particular in cases where traditional methods of treatment fail or are insufficient. Iontophoresis consists of using electric current to transport ions of medicinal substances through the patient's skin and biological membranes [3]. These substances can be used for treating inflammation, infections, pain and problems associated with the musculoskeletal system [4]. However, the effectiveness of this process depends largely on the electrical properties of the water solutions used in the treatment [5]. There exist a number of parameters that influence the effectiveness of iontophoresis therapy, and the key one is a thorough analysis of the electrical conductivity, resistivity and dielectricity of these solutions. These terms are defined as follows [6, 7, 8, 9, 10]:Electrical conductivity is a measure of a solution's ability to conduct electrical current. In iontophoresis, this indicates how well the solution will be able to carry the electrical charge needed to transport medicinal substances into the body. High conductivity is important because it ensures an adequate volume of energy to transport the ions, which contributes to the effective introduction of the preparations into the deeper tissue layers. Too low conductivity can lead to a weaker therapeutic effect because not all of the ions can be transported to the required locations. Resistivity, also known as the inverse of conductivity, is a parameter that characterizes the resistance of a solution in relation to the current flowing through it. The higher the resistivity, the greater the resistance of the solution during the iontophoresis process. This is important because the resistance affects the distribution of the electric field in the tissues and also the depth of penetration of the active substances into the body. Depending on the type of disease, a precise adjustment of the solution's resistivity can have a crucial impact on the effectiveness of the therapy. If the resistivity is too high, the medicinal substance may not penetrate deeply enough, and the iontophoresis process will become less effective. On the other hand, dielectricity refers to the ability of a material to store electrical energy in the form of electrical charges. In the context of iontophoresis, the dielectricity of a solution affects the interaction of particles with an electrical field, as well as the processes of ion transport within the skin and other tissues. Different active substances are characterized by different dielectric properties, which influence the way they flow during the iontophoresis treatment. Understanding these relationships makes it possible to better adjust the solution parameters to specific therapeutic needs. In the context of modern rehabilitation devices that are used in iontophoresis, the analysis of these parameters is essential to ensure optimal therapy conditions. Modern technologies for generating currents in electrochemrapy require a precise selection of materials and electrical parameters that enable the effective and safe performance of the treatment [11]. Modern devices must be designed in such a way that they supply the right amount of energy to the solution, while not exceeding safe voltage and current values that could damage the patient's tissues [12; 13]. Furthermore, these devices must be equipped with systems for monitoring and controlling treatment parameters to ensure maximum effectiveness and minimize the risk of any undesirable effects.