# Innovative Hydrogeophysical Approaches as Aids to Assess Hungarian Groundwater Bodies
## 2 Materials and Methods
### Conditions and the Relevant Situations of the Hungarian Groundwater Bodies
The state of groundwater bodies is characterized by quantity and chemical quality. Of the 185 identified groundwater bodies, 37 were classified as poor and 20 as good but at risk of becoming poor [39]. Water balance and ecological state were the most frequently failed tests (19 and 18 water bodies, respectively). Most poor water bodies were shallow porous, or porous (26 and 10, respectively). None of the porous thermal, shallow upland, upland and karstic water bodies were classified poorly (Figure 2). To maintain a safe national water supply network, the implementation of the national water resource protection program should be continued, applying it both to active and prospective water aquifers [40]. More than half of the 1700 drinking water sources are considered to be vulnerable; thus, the strategic importance of a safe drinking water supply can only be guaranteed by proper diagnostics and well-head protection of our water resources. In the frame of the drinking water quality improvement program, such hydrogeological and water management solutions should be applied that do not depend significantly on expensive water treatment technologies. From a technical perspective, it is inevitable to  
Figure 2: Qualification of quantitative state of Hungarian groundwater bodies. implement the reform of the water supply network in which hydrogeologists have some responsibility. It is a common interest that the technical expectations regarding the water supply network should increase significantly in the future, by this serving the further improvement of drinking water service quality and reliability, and the renewal of the aging infrastructure of waterworks and distribution. To date, the significant water loss in the distribution systems (in cases over 20-30%) [3] can negatively influence at certain places both the quality and quantity parameters of the water sources. As far as the perspective water resources considered our country is in a rather good condition. Taking into consideration the 2-2.5 million m\({}^{3}\)/day water discharge from groundwater bodies, our country has approximately 1 million m\({}^{3}\)/day total capacity perspective water resources, delineated mostly along the Danube and Tisza rivers' gravel terrace [3]. In this study, we demonstrate the feasibility of newly proposed hydrogeophysical measurement techniques and data processing methods. The test areas in Hungary (and also in India) were selected to show the applicability of these innovative techniques, mostly related to challenges 1, 3, 4 and 5 in Table 1. The case studies represent typical problems in Hungary, where our results are validated with direct observations or core data. Instead of regional-scale assessments, we focus on the improvement of local evaluations; hence the aim of the study is to increase the resolution of geoelectric surveys, e.g., in fault and fracture detection and to improve the reliability of groundwater formation evaluation by interpreting all well logs simultaneously. We demonstrate the hydrogeological applications of unconventional geoelectric surveying techniques with special electrode arrays, while multivariate statistical processing of wireline logs is applied to rock typing and to estimate important hydrogeological parameters in an alternative way. Our investigations not just may help more accurate and reliable modeling of groundwater aquifers, but the assessment of groundwater bodies up on higher scales.