# Exploitation of Emerging Technologies and Advanced Networks for a Smart Healthcare System
## 4 Emerging Technologies
### Reality  
4.4.1. Tactile Internet (TI)/Haptics  
Tactile Internet (TI) can be outlined as an internet network that unites exceedingly high availability, reliability, and security with ultra-low latency, which could be regarded as a revolutionary level of development for the society. TI is expected to become the next advancement of the IoT, integrating Human-to-Machine (H2M) and Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communication. Tactile information refers to touch, pressure, and temperature feelings [57]. Haptic data, also known as haptics, which imitates these tangible sensations of real-life experience, can be utilized to a variety of clinical subjects, from medical interaction and clinical practices to reflect exercise of surgical procedures. This is possible as a robot can be manipulated by observing a surgeon during performing an operational process and then learn from the movement data to replicate the same actions and so to proceed to a successful surgery [58]. Thus, medical robots could be deployed to provide adherence to treatment regimens and continued social interactions and without fear of spreading the disease [59].  
Haptic data offer the feeling of touch and has application in several areas such as telerobotics, entertainment, and education. In healthcare, haptics could be used to increase the actuality in simulators for planning and training of specific surgical procedures. Haptic data have the ability to improve surgical procedure by offering to the surgeon familiar virtual tools to the operating room. A haptic interface can give accurate precision and rapid execution of tasks by minimizing the technical errors, while a visual-haptic interface makes available a better system to perform force sensitive tasks. Haptic devices allow end users to feel, touch, and manipulate objects in a remote environment through an appropriate interface [60]. The sensation and interaction capabilities of the haptic device depend mainly on the DOF of the device. Haptic devices have inputs, such as position and orientation components, and outputs such as force and torque components. These devices differ in terms of DOF, mechanical bandwidth, workspace, possible inputs and outputs, interfaces, and maximum range of displayed force [61]. Table 2 introduces a list of common market available haptic devices with the main features of each device [62].  
Figure 6: Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and Deep Learning.  
Moreover, wearables make it achievable to deliver haptic feedback to the human wearer throughout physical interaction with the environment. For example, tactile feedback can provide elements that improve and simplify the user interface. Vibro-tactile haptic effects may be practical in offering cues to users of devices in order to alert them for particular events or provide realistic feedback to generate better sensory immersion or provide users with real-time feedback regarding its health condition into a virtual or simulated environment. Therefore, the scientific community and industry demonstrate the design and elaboration of Wearable Health-Monitoring Systems (WHMS), which have low cost and constitutes of several tiny physiological sensors, transmission modules, and processors. Hence, they are absolutely suitable for wearable and unpretentious physical and mental health level monitoring solutions and do not enforce constrains in terms of location or time. The situation that doctors can monitor their patients remotely could be proved to be a lifesaver for them as there is no need for contact that may spread the disease.