# Exploring Ephemeral Features with Ground-Penetrating Radar: An Approach to Roman Military Camps
## 5 Conclusions  
As stated in the introduction of this paper, the overwhelming availability of geospatial datasets, summed to the convergence of the Iberian practitioners of aerial archaeology and European scholarship, crystallised in the publication of a large amount of evidence related to the conquest of the northern regions of the Iberian Peninsula. As a result, several archaeological projects were conducted at different sites to assess their chronology,function, stratigraphy, and building techniques. As shown in this paper, GPR survey has become a fruitful method to initially evaluate the depth and location of ephemeral features related to Roman military structures, aiming to characterise those traces without affecting their preservation. In addition, it allows us to drive and maximise the results of further excavations. Within this approach, we stress the use capabilities of volumetric data for visualisation and analytical purposes. We also advocate the combination of GPR survey with other geophysical survey methods [50] and the role of excavation as a means to ground-truth features and structures and obtain samples for absolute dating and paleo-environmental studies, as well as the clarification of construction techniques.  
Conceptualisation: J.G.S.; Methodology: J.G.S.; Software: J.G.S.; Fieldwork: J.M.C.-G., J.F., D.G.-A., J.G.S.; Writing-original draft preparation: J.G.S.; Writing-review and editing: J.M.C.-G., J.F., D.G.-A., J.G.S. Project administration and fund acquisition: J.M.C.-G., J.F., D.G.-A., J.G.S. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
The Alto da Raia archaeological survey in 2021 was funded by the Montalegre and Calvos de Randin municipalities and done in collaboration with Era-Arqueologia (PIPA 201633). The survey in Sasamon and Villasandino has been funded by the Junta de Castilla y Leon (Contract 2021/00352/001) and Diputacion de Burgos (Bopburn 5 de Agosto de 2021, P0937500G), together with the municipalities of Sasamon and Villasandino. Archaeological works at the Sueros de Cepeda camp were developed thanks to a contract established between the Villamjell City Council and the INCIPITICSIC (221294 CSIC ID contract, under the supervision of DGA). [PERSON] is a postdoctoral researcher from the Instituto de Arqueologia, Merida-Junta de Extremadura, whose work is produced within an Atraccion del Talento postdoctoral contract (Ref. TA18060). JMCG research was facilitated by a postdoctoral research contract funded by the Galician Autonomous Government in 2019 (Ref. ED481D 2019/006). JF research was funded by the European Commission through a [PERSON] grant (agreement ID 794048). Part of JF research was also funded by FEDER through the COMPETE 2020 Programme, Lisboa Regional Programme and European Regional Development Fund (FEEI), and National Funds through FCT (Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia) under the scope of the Iberian Tin project (PTDC/HAR-ARRO/32290/2017). DGA research was facilitated by a 2019 [PERSON] postdoctoral contract (Ref. IJC2019-040603-I) funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033).  
We would like to thank the archaeologists who participated in the fieldwork on all three projects during summer-autumn 2021. We would also like to thank [PERSON] for sharing her discoveries on the Spanish-Portuguese border. [PERSON] and [PERSON] deserve special recognition for their thorough analysis of PNOA-LiDAR, satellite, and aerial imagery in 2020. We also thank [PERSON] from the University of Extremadura for their guidance with the volumetric representation of GPR data. We thank the CSIC Interdisciplinary Thematic Platform (PTI) Teledeteccion. (PTI-TELEDETECT) for encouraging collaboration between geospatial sciences and archaeology.  
The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the study's design, in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data, in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results.