## 3 Results
### Anticancer Activity
Simultaneously, on the right site of the ordination space, there is a clearly visible group of extracts characterized by the highest impact on the apoptosis of the HeLa cell line--WFF, WBF, EBF, and EFF. The mountain arnica extracts added to the HT29 cells had a visible impact on the induction of cell death (Figure 4). A considerable increase in the quantity of apoptosis was caused by EYB and WYB at the EC of 0.5 uL/mL. The increase in the EC resulted in a continued increase in the apoptosis to 9.0% and 20% in the EYB and WYB variants, respectively, and simultaneously initiated necrosis at a level of 11% and 8.7%, respectively. Figure 3: PCA analysis of the apoptosis (%) and necrosis (%) of the HeLa cell line induced by the ethanol and water extracts at the concentration of 0.5 uL/mL, and the chemical characteristics of _A. montana_ raw material. SLs—sesquiiterpene lactones; Fs—flavonoids; EO—essential oil; EYB—ethanol extract prepared from inflorescences in the stage of yellow buds; EBF—ethanol extract prepared from inflorescences at the beginning of flowering; EFF—ethanol extract prepared from inflorescences in full flowering; EEF—ethanol extract prepared from inflorescences at the end of flowering; WYB—water  
extract prepared from infloresences in the stage of yellow buds; WBF--water extract prepared from infloresences at the beginning of flowering; WFF--water extract prepared from infloresences in full flowering; and WEF--water extract prepared from infloresences at the end of flowering. The applications of EBF, WBF, EFF, and WFF to the HT29 culture medium also caused an increase in the apoptosis level. At the EC of 0.5 \(\mu\)L/mL, the level of apoptosis was between 8.7% and 13.0% in the ethanol extracts and between 8.7% and 14.3% in the water extracts, with a very low necrosis rate (<2% in the alcohol extracts and <1% in the water extracts). The increase in the EC to 1 \(\mu\)L/mL significantly increased the level of apoptosis to 17.7-19.0% (ethanol extracts) and to 23.0-26.0% (water extracts). However, it should be emphasized that this was accompanied by a high level of necrosis: 32.3-52.3% in the treatment with the ethanol extracts, and 27.0-35.0% in the water extract variant. In the case of the EEF and WEF extracts applied at the EC of 1 \(\mu\)L/mL, the level of apoptosis was 4.7% and 9.0%, respectively, at a low level of necrosis. In the other EEF and WEF treatments, the values of apoptosis and necrosis were low. The impact of the solvent type on the induction of cell death was clearly visible. The level of apoptosis induced by WYB (20.0%) and WFF (26.0%) at the EC of 1 \(\mu\)L/mL was clearly higher than in the EYB (9.0%) and EFF (19.0%) variants. A significant 14.3% increase in the apoptosis of HT29 induced by WBF was registered at the EC of 0.5 \(\mu\)L/mL. This value was significantly higher than that obtained with the EBF variant (13.0%). The results of the PCA analysis of the HT29 cell line (Figure 5) were similar to those revealed by the analysis of the HeLa cell line (the percentage of variability explained by axis 1 was 58.1 and by axis 2 was 26.4). Apoptosis, Fs, and EOs were positively correlated  
Figure 4: Apoptosis and necrosis induction in human colon carcinoma HT29 cells treated with the ethanol extract (**A**) and water extract (**B**) (concentration: 0, 0.5, and 1 \(\mu\)L/mL) from the infloresences of _A. montanq_ plants. Explanations have been detailed in Figure 1. Yellow color—apoptosis; Orange color—necrosis. Values designated by different letters are significantly different (\(p\) < 0.05). *—statistically significant difference (\(p\) < 0.05) between values of apoptosis induced by ethanol and water extracts from plants in different development stages. with axis 1, whereas SLs and necrosis were positively and negatively correlated with axis 2, respectively. Axis 1 showed an increase in the level of apoptosis and in the concentration of Fs and EOs in the RM. Probably, the concentrations of these SMs determine the number of apoptotic HT29 cells.