## 4 Results and Analysis
### Comparative Entropy and Pattern Analysis with Standalone Legacy Encryption  
As observed in Table 9, hybrid encryption has the highest mean entropy of 0.989152 and the lowest standard deviation of 0.001774, which constitutes a significantly high level of unpredictability for encryption quality. The AES approach also has a very high mean entropy of 0.987527, which is slightly less than hybrid encryption, with a relatively higher standard deviation of 0.002728, indicating higher variability in entropy levels. Similarly, DES follows very closely with a mean entropy of 0.988424, but also boasts the largest standard deviation of 0.003134 of the three, indicating more variation and a less uniform strength in encryption.  
RSA, however, shows a considerably lower mean entropy of 0.895807 because it is plagued by message length problems, with 9 of the 31 messages being too long to encrypt. This highlights the practical limitations of its use on longer messages. In comparison, hybrid encryption is the top performer with the highest mean entropy and lowest variability, followed by AES with nearly equal mean entropy and fairly low variability. DES has high mean entropy but more variability, indicating a slightly lower consistency in encryption strength. RSA, as evidenced by its much lower mean entropy and utilitarian restriction on longer messages, is not as practical in cases of longer message/content form.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline
**Statistic** & **Total Power (W)** & **Energy (Joules)** & **Energy (Wh)** \\ \hline Number of Data & 31 & 31 & 31 \\ Average & 10.044148 & 10.702168 & 0.002973 \\ Standard Deviation & 0.000608 & 0.577575 & 0.000160 \\ Min & 10.043039 & 10.065002 & 0.002796 \\ Max & 10.044945 & 12.359285 & 0.003433 \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 8: Summary statistics of power and energy consumption during emulation.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline
**Statistic** & **Hybrid Encryption** & **AES** & **DES** & **RSA** \\ \hline Count & 31 & 31 & 31 & 22 \\ \hline Mean Entropy & 0.98915 & 0.98752 & 0.98842 & 0.89580 \\ \hline Standard Deviation & 0.00177 & 0.00272 & 0.00313 & 0.00254 \\ \hline Minimum Entropy & 0.98568 & 0.98231 & 0.98141 & 0.89068 \\ \hline
25\% Entropy & 0.98788 & 0.98634 & 0.98685 & 0.89450 \\ \hline Median (50\%) Entropy & 0.98916 & 0.98723 & 0.98834 &  
The byte occurrence pattern of the hybrid algorithm was compared with the byte occurrence pattern of each individual traditional algorithm, such as AES, DES, and RSA, as shown in Figure 25. The analysis of byte occurrence patterns for AES, DES, RSA, and hybrid encryption reveals significant differences in how each algorithm handles messages of varying lengths. RSA struggles with long messages as indicated by the missing nine messages due to encryption limitations. AES and DES perform well with short messages and with regular patterns, and are truncated after a specific byte range, indicating inefficiencies with larger data. Both the algorithms are able to handle short messages effectively but may require additional steps for encrypting longer ones.  
In conclusion, hybrid encryption proves to be the most adaptable. It handles both short and long messages effectively, showing a variable byte distribution across different message lengths. By combining the strengths of GA-based encryption and asymmetric (RSA) encryption, it overcomes RSA's limitations while maintaining efficiency for large datasets. This makes hybrid encryption the most versatile and capable solution among the four.