# Modeling and Analysis of Contactless Solar Evaporation for Scalable Application
## 4 Conclusions
The authors gratefully acknowledge the funding support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51976123). The authors declare no competing interest. The experimentally validated modelling tool provides insights into the practical guidance on designing a scaled-up SCE device with heat transfer enhancements. [PERSON] conceived the initial idea. [PERSON], [PERSON] and [PERSON] developed the experimental device. [PERSON] and [PERSON] conducted the experiments and developed the models. [PERSON], [PERSON] and [PERSON] analyzed the results. All authors prepared the manuscript. [PERSON]. * [PERSON] and [PERSON] (2022) [PERSON]; [PERSON] An integrated solar energy, wastewater treatment and desalination plant for hydrogen and freshwater production. _Energy Convers. Manag._**2022**, _267. [CrossRef]_
* _[PERSON] et al. (2020)_ [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] Parametric analysis of humidification dehumidification desalination driven by photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) system. _Energy Convers. Manag._**2022**, _259_, 115520. [CrossRef]
* _[PERSON] et al. (2020)_ [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] Modeling and performance analysis of high-efficiency thermally-localized multistage solar stills. _Appl. Energy_**2020**, _266_, 114864. [CrossRef]
* _[PERSON] (2016)_ [PERSON]; [PERSON] The Global Rise of Zero Liquid Discharge for Wastewater Management: Drivers, Technologies, and Future Directions. _Environ. Sci. Technol._**2016**, _50_, 6846-6855. [CrossRef]
* _[PERSON] et al. (2010)_ [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] Comparison of fouling behavior in forward osmosis (FO) and reverse osmosis (RO). _J. Memb. Sci._**2010**, _365_, 34-39. [CrossRef]
* _[PERSON] and Marques (2017)_ [PERSON]; [PERSON] Desalination projects economic feasibility: A standardization of cost determinants. _Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev._**2017**, _78_, 904-915. [CrossRef]
* _Gude and Usatnability--An appraisal and current perspective. Water Res._**2016**, _89_, 87-106. [CrossRef]
* _[PERSON] et al. (2005)_ [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] [PERSON] Impact of land disposal of reject brine from desalination plants on soil and groundwater. _Desalination_**2005**, _182_, 411-433. [CrossRef]
* _[PERSON] et al. (2017)_ [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] A review of the management and treatment of brine solutions. _Environ. Sci. Water Res. Technol._**2017**, \(3\), 625-658. [CrossRef]
* _[PERSON] et al. (2018)_ [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] Solar Evaporator with Controlled Salt Precipitation for Zero Liquid Discharge Desalination. _Environ. Sci. Technol._**2018**, _52_, 11822-11830. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
* _[PERSON] (2008)_ [PERSON] _Survey of High-Recovery and Zero Liquid Discharge Technologies for Water Utilities_; WaterReuse Found: Alexandria, VA, USA, 2008. * _[PERSON] et al. (1996)_ [PERSON]; [PERSON] Getting to Zero Discharge: How to Recycle That Last Bit of Really Bad Wastewater A Brief History of Evaporation. _Proc. Int. Water Conf._**1996**, _57_, 290-295. * _[PERSON] et al. (2017)_ [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] A flexible anti-clogging graphite film for scalable solar desalination by heat localization. _J. Mater. Chem._**2017**, \(5\), 15227-15234. [CrossRef]
* _[PERSON] et al. (2020)_ [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] A self-rotating solar evaporator for continuous and efficient desalination of hypersaline brine. _J. Mater. Chem._**2020**, \(8\), 16212-16217. [CrossRef]
* _[PERSON] et al. (2019)_ [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] A High-Performance Self-Regenerating Solar Evaporator for Continuous Water Desalination. _Adv. Mater._**2019**, _31_, e1900498. [CrossRef]
* _[PERSON] et al. (2021)_ [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] Designing a next generation solar crystallizer for real seawater brine treatment with zero liquid discharge. _Nat.