## 3 Proposed Methodology
### Energy Consumption Model  
The RSSI signal can be distorted due to fading environment, which causes the loss of information. Moreover, it reduces when the distance increases, which indicates the distance. RSSI is disrupted by fading, so it should be measured with channel impairments in mind. As a result, there is a strong need to deal with RSSI when channel impairments are present. The sink node, which is mostly located on the water's surface, sends data packets to the satellite, which then sends them to the control center. Because the signals propagate vertically, the attenuation increases as the distance between them grows. Transmission damage, on the other hand, can be expressed as:  
\[\mathrm{TD}=\mathrm{k_{TD}}\times 10\,\mathrm{lg}\,\mathrm{r}+\alpha_{ \mathrm{TL}}\,\mathrm{r}\times 10^{-3} \tag{1}\]  
where TD denotes the transmission loss in decibels, and \(\mathrm{k_{TD}}\) denotes the spreading loss in decibels. Furthermore, its value varies depending on the water depth and propagation geometry; in shallow water, \(\mathrm{k_{TD}}\) is kept equal to 1 for cylindrical spreading; in deep water, \(\mathrm{k_{TD}}\) is kept equal to 2 for spherical spreading; The absorption coefficient of the medium, which varies with frequency and is measured in \(\mathrm{dB/km}\), is \(\mathrm{\alpha_{TD}}\); \(\mathrm{r}\) is the distance between the receiver and the transmitter; The medium's absorption coefficient is measured in \(\mathrm{dB/km}\) for f in kHz, which can be calculated using the equation:  
\[\mathrm{\alpha_{TD}(f)}=0.11\frac{f^{2}}{1+f^{2}}+44\frac{f^{2}}{4100+f^{2}}+2.75\times 10^{-4}f^{2}+0.003 \tag{2}\]  
Its frequency is approximately 30 kHz. UWSNs have an absorption coefficient of less than 10 \(\mathrm{dB/km}\). The absorption coefficient for chemical absorption in seawater is computed using acoustic frequency, pressure, acidity, temperature, and salinity. The following formula is used to compute the received signal power (RSSi), also known as the received signal power or RSSI:  
\[\mathrm{Y}=\mathrm{Y}+TD \tag{3}\]  
Figure 1: CTP-SEEC System Model.  
where _epsilon_ is the returned signal power at the close in-reference distance, and r is the reference distance. The energy consumption model described in [34] can be used to calculate the minimum transmission power needed at the transmitter to meet power level \(C_{0}\) at the receiver end.  
\[C_{tx}=C_{0}\times d^{2}\times 10^{(\alpha_{T\mathrm{D}}(f)/10)} \tag{4}\]  
The absorption coefficient is \(\alpha(f)\), the incoming power is \(C_{0}\), the distance between the transmitter and receiver is d, and the received power is \(C_{0}\). The energy consumption of wireless sensor networks cannot be applied to UWSNs because the acoustic wave characteristic of an underwater transmission medium varies from that of a radio wave. As a result, the energy consumption model for the underwater acoustic channel is the same as in [34]. The amount of energy required to send m bits of data over a long distance at a data rate R is calculated as follows:  
\[\mathrm{E_{Tx}(m,d)=m\times E_{elec}+\frac{m}{R}C_{rx}} \tag{5}\]  
The amount of energy needed to route one bit of data is denoted by \(\mathrm{E_{elec}}\). The receiver's radio energy consumption for transmitting m bits of data is calculated as follows:  
\[\mathrm{E_{Rx}(m)=mK_{r}} \tag{6}\]  
where \(\mathrm{K_{r}}\) is a device-specific constant. The following formula is used to calculate the energy needed to fuse m bits of data:  
\[\mathrm{E_{DA}(m)=m\times E_{DA0}} \tag{7}\]  
The device-dependent constant \(\mathrm{K_{r}}\) is used here. The following formula is used to determine the energy needed to fuse m bits of data: