## 1 Introduction  
Pipelines that transport water, oil, gas, chemicals, petroleum products, and other substances are of key importance as they play a crucial role in developing a country's economy. These pipelines are exposed to adverse environments, such as acidic (low pH), high salt concentration, H\({}_{2}\)S, and CO\({}_{2}\) environments, where their integrity is critically threatened, resulting in catastrophic incidents. [PERSON] et al. reported that most of the pipeline failures are due to the effects of corrosion or material failure [1]. Corrosion defects in pipelines are mostly localized, such as pitting corrosion and stress corrosion, rather than uniform corrosion [2, 3]. Corrosion in general occurs due to the electron transfer between the metal and aqueous media. This corrosion is enhanced in pipelines due to the presence of flow [4, 5]. The presence of different flow helps in the efficient mixing of the different elements in the solution, which prevents the formation of the protective oxide layer on the surface of the material, which, in turn, accelerates corrosion [5]. Several researchers have already investigated the dependence between corrosion and fluid flow [6, 7, 8]. [PERSON] et al., and [PERSON] investigated the effect of the velocity of fluid on the elbows of a pipeline and observed that the corrosion rate increased as the velocity increased. They also observed that the corrosion rate increased mostly at a higher velocity [9, 10]. [PERSON] et al., observedthat, at lower fluid velocities, higher pitting corrosion persisted as the protective film was not completely destroyed, whereas, at higher fluid velocities, the protective layer was damaged faster due to the shear at the metal surface [11]. [PERSON] et al. and [PERSON] et al., studied the effect of fluid velocity on API X70 and 3003 Al alloys, and they observed that, irrespective of the material, the fluid hydrodynamics had a direct impact on the corrosion rate [12; 13]. Even though there are alloyed corrosive resistant materials available, due to cost, mild carbon steel is still commonly used in different industries as a common pipe material [14]. However, low and mild carbon steel materials are highly prone to different types of corrosion. The rate of corrosion is affected by external factors, such as the environment, soil chemistry, water chemistry for submerged pipelines, moisture for buried pipelines, and internal factors, such as the temperature, pressure of the fluid in the pipeline, oxygen concentration of the fluid, dissimilar metal joints, and pH [3]. Considering these factors, it is important to prioritize the routing and location for pipelines in order to achieve longer life with less damage [15]. Studies have also shown that high voltage power lines above pipelines induce a magnetic field in pipeline material [16; 17; 18]. [PERSON] et al. conducted a case study to investigate the effect of an electromagnetic field induced by the overhead transmission power lines. The case study was conducted over a Fayum metallic gas pipeline where three power lines were crossing or parallel to the pipeline. They observed that the current densities change with respect to the length of the pipeline, which, in turn, increases the corrosion rate [19]. A similar study was conducted by [PERSON] et al., where they studied the effect of the electromagnetic induction by high voltage power lines on X70 pipelines. In their study, they observed that the effect of the induced magnetic field reduced as the distance between the power line and pipeline increased. They also observed that the increase in the AC current density causes a positive shift in the corrosion potential, which increases the corrosion rate of the material [20]. Researchers have investigated the effect of a magnetic field on the corrosion process of metals where they all observed the effect of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) theory [21; 22; 23; 24; 25].