## 11 Nanotechnology for Sustainable Environment, Agriculture and Food Safety
### Theoretical Study of Variable Gas Adsorption by the Robust Metal-Organic Framework NKMOF-1-Ni
Minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) was completed to determine the minimal concentration that causes killing of the pathogen. The membrane damage study (DNA based assay) was completed to determine reagents membrane damage capabilities by measuring the absorbance of intercellular content such as DNA absorbance at 260 nm and proteins absorbance at 280 nm. Zinkicide has higher antimicrobial activity compared to R-Zinkicide and bulk-ZnO. Zinkicide minimal inhibitory concentration/minimal bactericidal concentration is 8 ppm/64 ppm. On the other hand, bulk-ZnO has an MIC/MBC of 16 ppm/256 ppm, and R-Zinkicide has an MIC/MBC of 32 ppm/256 ppm. Zinkicide and R-Zinkicide have a higher 260 and 280 nm absorbance compared to bulk-ZnO. This comparative analysis has demonstrated an increase in antimicrobial efficacy of Nano-ZnO compared to its bulk counterparts. Degradation of Polychlorinated Diberzodioxines and Diberzofuranes (pcddf) by Nano-Scale Zero Valent Iron  
[PERSON], [PERSON], [PERSON], [PERSON] and [PERSON] Technical University of Liberec, Studentska 2, 46117 Liberec, Czech Republic  
Polychlorinated dibenzo-\(p\)-dioxins (PCDD) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDF) are without doubt the highest priority groups of pollutants. They belong to the first groups of pollutants (called the Dirty Dozen) inscribed under the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (Stockholm Convention on POPs, [[http://chm.pops.int/](http://chm.pops.int/)]([http://chm.pops.int/](http://chm.pops.int/))). Due to their extreme toxicity, their remediation from all types of water, including groundwater, is a priority remediation. However, it is a very difficult task due to their persistence and recalcitrance. In this paper, the degradation of PCDD/F bound to a real matrix was studied by five different oxidants and reductants, including zero-valent iron nanoparticles and persulfates. Moreover, persulfate can be activated by various methods (electroactivation, alkaline activation or hydrogen peroxide activation, activation by zero-valent iron, as examples). The results were expressed by comparing the total toxicity of treated and untreated samples, done by weighting the concentrations of congeners (determined using a standardized GC/HRMS technique) by their defined toxicity equivalent factors (TEF). The results indicated that only PSF was able to significantly degrade PCDD/F. Toxicity in the system decreased by 65% after PSF treatment. Thus, we conclude that PSF may be a potential solution for in-situ remediation of soil and groundwater at PCDD/F contaminated sites. Plastic Pollution in Rivers--Challenges and Opportunities of MicroRaman Spectroscopy for Characterization  
[PERSON] 1, [PERSON] 2, [PERSON] 2 and [PERSON] 1  
1 Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of South Floridam, 4202 E. Fowler Avenue, ENG 030, Tampa, FL 33620, USA  
2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Avenue, ENG 030, Tampa, FL 33620, USA  
Plastic has become a major source of contamination for the world waters and is finally receiving the attention that an emerging pollutant of global concern demands. Data collection and research efforts have to improve fast to find solutions for the worldwide plastic pollution. Currently, the detection and characterization of plastic particles in the samples remain very challenging. The composition and morphology of plastics found in the environment are extremely heterogeneous; they vary in size, shape, chemical composition, and density. For river plastic research, a key task is to link plastic particles and their properties to hydrodynamics to explain which processes drive plastic transport and fate. For this, we need to characterize the particles in depth. This includes the application of analytical methods to confirm artificial polymeric character and identify polymer types. Raman spectroscopy is considered one of the key techniques.