# Wearables for Industrial Work Safety: A Survey
## 2 Industrial Wearable Devices  
The IIoT provides a wider view and a deeper understanding of the company's processes by integrating different sensors, wearables, software, and data processing tools. The clearest advantage of wearables in IIoT is luce, which is reached by increasing operational efficiency, reducing downtime, and optimizing business processes. Less frequently discussed in the literature, the benefit is related to how wearable technology can maintain workplace safety. It is necessary to identify the main sources of security threats and the causes of workplace accidents to answer the first research question. This paper, first of all, identifies the most dangerous industrial sectors in the world. There are no general statistics on mortality from injuries by the industry sector. However, some countries keep such records providing statistics in ratios (commonly, the number of deaths per 100,000 workers) without mentioning the actual number of accidents. Hopefully, in the near future, the management of statistics in enterprises will be more widespread and, importantly, standardized so that data from different places can be easily compared, problems--identified, and experience in dealing with them--shared. Figure 2 outlines the results of investigations conducted in USA [23], Australia [24], Germany [25], Great Britain [26]. The most dangerous identified industry sectors are agriculture/forestry, construction, transportation, manufacturing, and trade. Due to differences in classification, most sectors such as mining, oil and gas extraction, and recycling fall under the \"other\" category. Notably, the four key causes in decreasing order of frequency are: fall from height, struck by moving/falling object, caught-in/between (when a worker is between the parts of machinery/object [27]), and hit by moving vehicle. Among the other reasons are also cuts, car crashes, reaction to improper motion, electrocutions, hazardous substances, chemicals [20; 28]. According to [1], the main consequences that lead to death due to the last two reasons are chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and cancer (more often, lung cancer and mesothelioma). Nonetheless, constant stress should also be added to the list. Over time, employers have become more concerned with maintaining a favorable working atmosphere, but the impact of stress on human health is still underestimated in many organizations. In the short term, it may lead to various disorders, from chronic fatigue to depression. In the long-term, it may entail severe psychological problems and several  
Figure 2: The rate of deaths due to work-related accidents during 2014–2020 (for approx. 100,000). problems such as the higher risk of myocardial ischemia, cardiac arrhythmia, anorexia, Alzheimer's disease, insomnia, etc. [29; 30]. Importantly, industrial wearables have increased requirements for reliability. Harsh industrial surroundings, characterized by extreme environmental values (extra-low/high temperatures, high radiation level, etc. ), require the wearable device's physical durability. Also, specific worksites impose the need to develop and improve the accuracy, range, response time, and robustness of traditional technologies. Wearables are one of the most promising solutions to eliminate or reduce the risk of both physical and mental accidents in workplaces. Currently, wearables are widely applied in enterprises and perform many tasks that improve the level of safety at work. Table 1 provides an answer to the first research question by identifying wearable features and functions that help maintain occupational safety. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{p{113.8 pt} p{213.4 pt}} \hline \hline
**Function** & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Sub-Functions \& Description** \\ \hline
**Monitoring (M)** & **Monitoring and control of vital parameters of workers. ** Information about vital parameters (heart rate, blood pressure, body temperature, brain activity, etc.)