## 4 Discussion  
In this study, we analyzed the data of 583 patients admitted to the emergency department with a diagnosis of gastrointestinal emergencies and comprehensively evaluated the \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l l} \hline \hline Fire & 1 & 2.4 \\ \cline{2-3}  & Dyspnea & 3 & 7.3 \\ \cline{2-3}  & Epigastric Pain & 2 & 4.9 \\ \cline{2-3}  & General Condition Disorder & 5 & 12.2 \\ \cline{2-3}  & Hematemeesis & 1 & 2.4 \\ \cline{2-3}  & Hematochezia & 1 & 2.4 \\ \cline{2-3}  & Bloody Vomiting & 7 & 17.1 \\ \cline{2-3}  & Abdominal Pain & 1 & 2.4 \\ \cline{2-3}  & Abdominal Swelling & 1 & 2.4 \\ \cline{2-3}  & Melena & 7 & 17.1 \\ \cline{2-3}  & Right Upper Quadrant Pain & 3 & 7.3 \\ \cline{2-3}  & Jaundice & 2 & 4.9 \\ \cline{2-3}  & Blurred Consciousness & 7 & 17.1 \\ \hline \multirow{7}{*}{Intensive Care} & Nausea and vomiting & 1 & 5.9 \\ \cline{2-3}  & General Condition Disorder & 2 & 11.8 \\ \cline{2-3}  & Hematochezia & 3 & 17.6 \\ \cline{2-3}  & Bloody Vomiting & 2 & 11.8 \\ \cline{2-3}  & Abdominal Pain & 1 & 5.9 \\ \cline{2-3}  & Melena & 4 & 23.5 \\ \cline{2-3}  & Jaundice & 1 & 5.9 \\ \cline{2-3}  & Blurred Consciousness & 3 & 17.6 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 6: Frequency of Complaints according to PNI values of patient outcomes. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l l l} \hline \hline  & GI Hemorrhage & 15 & 36.6 \\ \cline{2-3}  & Hepatic Encephalopathy & 6 & 14.6 \\ \cline{2-3}  & Hepatitis & 3 & 7.3 \\ \cline{2-3}  & Cholangitis & 1 & 2.4 \\ \cline{2-3}  & Choledocholithiasis & 3 & 7.3 \\ \cline{2-3}  & Cholecystitis & 1 & 2.4 \\ \cline{2-3}  & Pancreatitis & 4 & 9.8 \\ \cline{2-3}  & Malignancy & 2 & 4.9 \\ \cline{2-3}  & Cirrhosis & 4 & 9.8 \\ \cline{2-3}  & Varicose Veins Bleeding & 2 & 4.9 \\ \hline \multirow{7}{*}{Intensive Care} & \multirow{7}{*}{\(\geq\)38} & GI Hemorrhage & 10 & 58.8 \\ \cline{2-3}  & & Hepatic Encephalopathy & 3 & 17.6 \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{2-3}  & Cholangitis & 1 & 5.9 \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{2-3}  & Malignancy & 3 & 17.6 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 7: Frequency of Diagnosis according to the PNI values of the patient results. relationship between PNI and clinical course. Our findings suggest that PNI has a strong predictive value as a prognostic marker in patients with GI emergencies. In our study, the mean age of patients presenting with gastrointestinal emergencies was found to be middle-aged and older. This finding is consistent with the literature, which shows that gastrointestinal emergencies are more common in older age groups. For example, [PERSON] et al. (2016) found a mean age of 49 years in a series of 5340 cases of emergency abdominal pain ([PERSON] et al., 2016). Similarly, in a prospective study conducted in an emergency department in Tanzania, the median age was reported to be 47 years ([PERSON] et al., 2016). In our series, the age distribution was similarly shifted towards older age. Elderly patients have a more complicated course in gastrointestinal emergencies due to both underlying comorbidities and decreased physiological reserve. As a matter of fact, it has been emphasized in the literature that mortality in abdominal emergencies in elderly patients is 6-8 times higher than in younger patients ([PERSON] et al., 2016). In the literature, it has been reported that females have numerical superiority among patients presenting to the emergency department with gastrointestinal complaints, whereas males are more likely to encounter more serious outcomes ([PERSON] et al., 2016). In our series, serious gastrointestinal emergencies (e.g., pancreatitis and variceal bleeding) were slightly more common in males, and the need for intensive care and hospitalization rates were higher in male patients than in female patients. This may be attributed to the more severe course of the underlying etiologies (e.g., alcoholic pancreatitis and peptic ulcer bleeding) in men, as reported in the literature ([PERSON] et al., 2016).