###### Abstract
[PERSON] [6] summarized the ground settlement data of the shallow excavation method used in nine underground stations in Beijing and systematically illustrated the effect of shallow excavation on ground settlement. Qingdao area has better surrounding rock conditions, because of which the research and innovation for Qingdao area concealed excavation is still in progress. [PERSON] [7] used Flac3D to study an underground road in Shenzhen and introduced a construction method to control the deformation of the underground bulge. [PERSON] [8] summarized the nature of the upper soft and lower hard rock formations in an underground in Dalian and used numerical simulation to analyze the support effect of six support schemes on the deformation of the surrounding rock. [PERSON] [9] used numerical simulation to compare the applicability of the initial arch cover method and the double sidewall  
Figure 1: Schematic diagram of underground station excavation by arch cover method. guide pit method in an underground in Guiyang and concluded that the applicability of the initial arch cover method is better. [PERSON] [10] used numerical simulation and on-site monitoring methods to introduce the two schemes of force conversion between shaft and cross-passage construction and concluded that the parallel structure of the shaft-cross passage is more conducive to controlling shaft deformation. Some scholars use 3D printing technology to simulate the ground load during tunnel excavation, to study the complex ground deformation [11]. [PERSON] [12] presented a comparison of the support effect of the pre-support nailing method with the traditional support method, and the pre-support nailing is more effective in controlling the ground settlement in the shallow underground excavation method. [PERSON] [13] investigated the effectiveness of the improved geological method for weak strata using numerical simulation and experimental analysis based on the fact that the improved geological method has not yet formed a standardized design basis in the Japanese region. [PERSON] [14] analyzed the field monitoring data by taking an underground station in Beijing as an example, and the study showed that the surface settlement was mainly caused by shield tunneling, side alley excavation, and double-arch excavation. [PERSON] [15] analyzed the on-site monitoring data of the PBA method, discussed the deformation trend of the tunnel at different construction stages, and gave the ground settlement curves. [PERSON] [16] based on the PBA method of an underground station in Beijing, put forward the settlement and other parameter control standards of the project through numerical simulation combined with the on-site monitoring method. [PERSON] [17] presented the monitoring data of the initial PBA method in China, demonstrating that the maximum surface settlements observed across different monitoring sections were not uniform. The author concluded that surface settlement was primarily attributable to the construction of the shield tunnel, the side guideway, and the middle guideway. [PERSON] [18] carried out a four-stage study on the deformation characteristics of the and the slopes by using on-site investigations, geological boreholes, and measurements, and concluded that the tunnel arch may be forced to squeeze without sliding when it is in the potential landslide zone. In an indoor similar model test study, [PERSON] [19] conducted a one-factor sensitivity analysis using a model box test and numerical simulation and concluded that increasing the pile diameter of the side piles is better able to control the displacement of the side piles than decreasing the pile spacing in the PBA method. [PERSON] [20] relies on an underground station in Qingdao to establish a large-size model box, gives the design scheme of the model box, and analyses the soil deformation law caused by the tunnel excavation process.