## 4 Results and Discussion
### Real-Time Performance Observations  
In this study, two servers were set up with EPIC to analyze earthquakes using the default and newly developed equations. Between 26 January 2022 and 25 June 2022, there are \(M\geq 1.0\) 2662 earthquakes in KOERI catalogs. Since our station network is not as dense as KOERI, it did not detect small earthquakes occurring in areas outside of our network. Finally, our system has processed 363 earthquakes. Earthquake processing graphs generated by EPIC in real time are shown in Figure 9. While 536 earthquakes of \(M\geq 2.5\) were processed in KOERI catalogs, 139 earthquakes were processed with the default equation, and 236 earthquakes with the newly developed equation. The number of earthquakes processed \(M\geq 3.5\) is 60 for KOERI, 19 for the default equation, and 67 for the newly developed equation. The system overestimated the magnitude of 7 newly developed \(M=3.4\) earthquakes. When comparing the processed events by both systems, the default equation showed smaller magnitude estimates than the newly developed one. At the same time, the estimations made with the newly developed equation give results closer to the catalog magnitudes. This situation revealed a better result than the default relationship in estimating the magnitudes of the relationships derived from the EEW system established for Bursa province and its surroundings. The 3 June 2022 Caypinar (Balikesir) Earthquake (\(M=4.8\))  
An earthquake with \(M=4.8\) (KOERI) occurred on 3 June 2022, at 22:58:57.75 UTC in Caypinar district of Balikesir, southwest of Bursa. The epicenter of this earthquake is approximately 100 km away from Bursa city center (Figure 10). This earthquake was felt slightly in Bursa but did not cause any damage. The EPIC system, on the two different real-time servers, evaluated this earthquake in real-time, allowing the performance of the default and newly developed equations to be compared. The results of the first alert obtained are summarized in Table 2.  
Figure 8: Latencies of stations transmitting data. Figure 10: The 3 June 2022 Caypmnar (Balikesir) earthquake (\(M\) = 4.8) epicenter map. The stations triggered after the earthquake are shown with a black triangle. Figure 9: Between 26 January 2022 and 25 June 2022, using the real-time dataset, (a) default equations and (b) developed equations for earthquake magnitude estimation results. _Pd_-based magnitude scaling relationship was used in the calculations. While the estimated magnitude based on \(Pd\) using the default equation was 4.2, it was observed that the result of the developed equation was 4.7. Considering the magnitude estimation based on \(Pd\), the developed equation contains a lower error. When the results obtained with \(T_{p}^{max}\) is compared, the difference is quite significant (magnitude 3.1 and 4.1, respectively, Table 2). Although the newly developed equation performs an excellent revision over the default equation, the result still contains apparent errors. As some researchers have indicated in previous studies, the reliability of the \(Pd\)-based magnitude scaling relationship is better than \(T_{p}^{max}\) in our study [31; 49]. Location error was 0.6 km and the alert issued 18.673 s and 17.118 s after catalog origin-time for the default equation and the newly developed one, respectively. As mentioned, latency is a key factor causing long delays in detecting and alerting the event. In this case, \(\sim\)11.4 s of alert time is available for Bursa (assuming S-wave propagation velocity of 3.5 km/s) and a blind zone, where alert is delivered after the arrival of S-wave is about \(\sim\)40 km. While this may seem like a weakness, it is usual since the earthquake occurred outside our seismic network. In a warning time of about 11 s, natural gas can be cut off; subways can be stopped safely, and elevators can be evacuated at the nearest floor. In short, this time is of great importance in preventing secondary disasters.