## 2 Materials and Methods
### Off-Ice Tests  
To determine vertical jump height, subjects performed three CMJs on an AMTI force platform (AMTI OR6-7, AMTI, Watertown, MA, USA) in an upright position. Arm swinging was not allowed during the jump. Jump height of the CMJ was calculated by the vertical velocity of the center of mass. Data were recorded and analyzed offline-using Matlab (Matlab2020a, MathWorks, Natick, MA, USA). The maximal value of the three repetitions (1 min recovery between repetitions) were utilized in calculations.  
In the standing long jump test, the subjects had to stand with both feet behind the starting line (painted line) and jump as far as possible forward. Arm swing was allowed during the jump. The distance between the starting line and the last contact (heel of the rear foot) was defined as the jump distance. A jump was invalid if the subjects lost balance or touched the ground with their hands. The maximal value of the three repetitions (1 min recovery between repetitions) was used for calculations.  
The single-leg lateral jump test procedure was similar to the standing long jump test. Subjects stood on one leg with the foot behind the starting line and landed on the contralateral foot. Touching the ground with the second foot was not allowed during take-off and landing. Arm swing was allowed during the test. The maximal values of the two repetitions for each leg (1 min recovery between repetitions) were utilized in calculations.  
To replicate the lateral push-off angle of on-ice skating under off-ice conditions we used the Skate SIM [20]. Two closing box parts (1 \(\times\) 0.5 m) were placed laterally (angle of 45\({}^{\circ}\) to the floor) and fixed on the wall. The distance between the center of the box parts were normalized for each subject (1.5 \(\times\) leg length). After an acoustic countdown (\"3, 2, 1, go\") the subjects performed 20 lateral alternating single-leg jumps. A tester started timing at \"go\" and ended when the subject touched the box part after the 20 th lateral single-leg jump utilizing a standard hand-held stop watch (Hanhart Stratos 2; Hanhart, GmbH, Guttenbach, Germany). Each subject repeated the Skate SIM twice with 2 min recovery between tests. The fastest Skate SIM time was used for calculation.  
In the 30 m off-ice sprinting test, each subject performed a sprint as fast as possible from a standing start with their front foot one meter behind the first timing gate. The start and finish were marked with lines and the 30 m long and 1.5 m wide track was set with cones each 10 m. To measure sprinting time, we used three light beams (Brower Timing System CM L5, Brower, UT, USA) placed at 0 m, 6 m, and 30 m of the testing distance. Each  
Figure 1: Schematic diagram of the specific overall skating performance test (SOSPT).  
subject repeated the sprint test twice with 2 min recovery between tests. The fastest 30 m sprinting time was used for calculation.  
The procedure for the 30 m off-ice skating test was identical to the 30 m off-ice sprinting test. However, to familiarize them with their inline skates, all subjects performed three 20-30 m run-ups with their inline skates before the first measurement.