## 7 Results and Discussions
### The Optimal Configuration from the Lithium-Ion Battery Technology  
The lithium-ion battery has been configured with three different depths of discharge (DODs): 50%; 70%; and 80%. According to a comprehensive HPRALC-based analysis, the Li-Ion-battery-based IRES @50% DOD was determined to be the most financially viable option, boasting an optimal life-cycle cost (LCC) of $1,595,267, which is 2% and 10% less than the optimal LCCs for lithium-ion-battery-based IRESs @70% and 80% DODs. Furthermore, the optimal NPV and NBAT(Li-Ion) values for this configuration are 1264 and 419, respectively, which are listed in Table 1. Consequently, the lithium-ion-battery-based IRES @50% DOD has been taken into consideration for further comparisons with other battery-based IRESs.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Configuration** & **Q\&C** & **GA** & **PSO** & **DE** & **GWO** & **ALO** & **DA** & **MFO** & **GOA** & **SSA** \\ \hline PV/ & NPV & **1469** & **1469** & 1485 & **1469** & **1469** & **1469** & **1469** & **1469** & **1469** \\ \cline{2-10} BMG/ & NNAT & 950 & **950** & 962 & 950 & 950 & 950 & 950 & 950 & 950 \\ \cline{2-10} @DOD = 80\% & LCC (\$) & 951,257 & 951,257 & 962,065 & 951,257 & 951,257 & 951,257 & 951,257 & 951,257 & 951,257 \\ \cline{2-10} PV/ & NPV & **1364** & **1364** & **1364** & 1422 & 1364 & 1364 & 1364 & 1364 & 1364 \\ \cline{2-10} BMG/ & NNAT & 420 & **420** & **420** & 422 & **420** & **420** & **420** & **420** & **420** \\ \cline{2-10} @DOD = 70\% & LCC (\$) & 1,620,231 & **1,620,231** & **1,620,231** & 1,640,650 & 1,620,231 & 1,620,231 & 1,620,231 & 1,620,231 & 1,620,231 \\ \cline{2-10} PV/ & NPV & **1367** & **1367** & 1383 & **1367** & **1367** & **1367** & **1367** & **1367** & **1367** \\ \cline{2-10} BAG/ & NNAT & **367** & **367** & **369** & **367** & **367** & **367** & **367** & **367** & **367** \\ \cline{2-10} @DOD = 80\% & LCC (\$) & **1,595,267** & **1,595,267** & 1,605,861 & **1,595,267** & **1,595,267** & **1,595,267** & **1,595,267** & **1,595,267** \\ \cline{2-10} PV/ & NPV & **1264** & **1264** & **1266** & **1264** & 1536 & 2000 & **1264** & **1264** & **1264** \\ \cline{2-10} BMG/ & NNAT & **419** & **419** & **420** & **419** & 411 & 398 & **419** & **419** & **419** \\ \cline{2-10} @DOD = 50\% & LCC (\$) & **2,712,794** & **2,712,794** & 2,718,907 & **2,712,794** & 2,736,122 & 2,779,547 & **2,712,794** & **2,712,794** & **2,712,794** \\ \cline{2-10} PV/ & NPV & \(1649\) & **1268** & **1268** & **1268** & 1364 & 1730 & 1272 & 1242 & 1268 \\ \cline{2-10} BMG/ & NNAT & 291 & **299** & **299** & **299** & 297 & 290 & 300 & 300 & **299** \\ \cline{2-10} @DOD = 70\% & LCC (\$) & 2,804,117 & **2,773,053** & **2,773,053** & **2,773,053** & 2,7781,007 & 2,816,370 & 2,782,117 & 2,774,594 & **2,773,053** \\ \cline{2-10} PV/ & NPV & **1245** & 1354 & 1408 & **1245** & 1953 & 2000 & **1245** & **1245** & **1245** \\ \cline{2-10} BMG/ & NNAT & **262** & 260 & 259 & **262** & 249 & 249 & **262** & **262** & **262** \\ \cline{2-10} @DOD = 80\% & LCC (\$) & **3,025,532** & 3,032,498 & 3,035,855 & **3,025,532** & 3,070,686 & 3,082,473 & **3,025,532** & **3,025,532** & **3,025,532** \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 1: Optimization Results of the IRESs using HPRALC-based Scenario at an LPSP Value of 0%.