## 1 Introduction  
Multi-generation technology powered by renewable energy has piqued interest as a potential alternative to traditional energy production technology. It is applicable in a wide range of applications, particularly for small and medium-scale systems in buildings. It also provides a variety of technological, economic, energy recovery, and environmental advantages. The necessity for sufficient energy, fresh water, and cooling for human activities has been highlighted as a result of increased industrial growth and population [1]. Renewable energy sources are seen as a long-term answer to meeting energy, fresh water, and cooling/heating production needs, especially in buildings. The availability of energy supplies and global warming are two key problems for the future sustainability of energy production. As a result, converting to renewable resources and developing more energy-efficient and ecologically friendly technologies is more important than ever. Renewable energy-based hybrid systems can reduce the use of fossil fuels and CO\({}_{2}\) emissions, while also being suitable for regional applications [2]. Solar energy has emerged to be one of the most popular renewable energy sources since it is non-polluting and has an endless supply. Recently, it has been suggested to use tri/multi-generation systems in buildings. Tri-generation systems, which include cooling, heating, freshwater production, and power generation, are considered an efficient approach for reducing primary energy use and greenhouse gas emissions in buildings. Through an energetic, economic, and environmental performance assessment, [PERSON] et al. [3] demonstrated that a tri-generation system's combined cooling and heating mode is considerably better than an independent HVAC system. [PERSON] et al. [4] have presented a new residential multi-generation system. Heating, cooling, power generation, hydrogen creation, and hot water production are all part of the system. When compared to a single-generation system, multi-generation from waste heat can increase the system's energy efficiency by around 60% and nearly double its exergy efficiency. [PERSON] et al. [5] presented a hybrid energy supply system combining GEHPs (engine-driven heat pumps) and ORCs to provide heating, cooling, hot water, and electricity for buildings. Working fluids used in the ORC system are R245 fa, R152a, and R123. According to the findings, waste heat recovered from gas engines accounts for more than 55% of gas engine energy consumption. R123 also has the highest thermal and exergy efficiency in the ORC system, with 11.84% and 54.24%, respectively. The current tri/multi-generation technologies can offer a variety of benefits [6], including lower carbon dioxide equivalent emissions, increased global energy efficiency while expanding renewable energy sources, and decreased electrical system overloads and blackouts. Only a few researchers have focused on modelling tri/multi-generation systems that combine renewable energy resources with electricity, cooling or heating, and freshwater generation. [PERSON] et al. [7] investigated a hybrid solar-biomass tri-generation system for producing hot water, power, and chilled water. Their simulation and performance analysis of the tri-generation system was carried out to evaluate the influence of key operating parameters on the system's performance. [PERSON] et al. [8] investigated the use of a biomass system to power a poly-generation cycle that produces electricity, fresh water, cooling, and heat. A small-scale ORC engine, a MED (multi-effect desalination) plant, and an LBSE (lithium bromide-water simple effect) absorption chiller is all part of their proposed poly-generation system. They concluded that the quantity of heat produced in the ORC condenser, which is used for desalination, drastically limits the primary energy savings compared to typical systems, as well as the electric efficiency obtained with each individual fluid. In addition to, [PERSON] et al.