## 3 The Portrait Emotion3D (PE3D) Dataset
### Dataset Properties  
Copyright and Privacy: The PE3D dataset has no copyright of the images. WikiArt [80] and the French Painting Dataset [81] from Roboflow ([[https://universe.robooflow.com/](https://universe.robooflow.com/)]([https://universe.robooflow.com/](https://universe.robooflow.com/))) hold the copyright. Access to the dataset is granted to researchers upon agreement to the terms outlined in the licenses of WikiArt and Roboflow. It is incumbent upon researchers to use the PE3D dataset exclusively for non-commercial research and educational purposes. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & \multicolumn{10}{c}{**Dominance, Valence and Arousal Value of Art Classes**} \\ \hline  & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**HR**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**PI**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**NR**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**IM**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**RO**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**UK**} \\ \cline{2-13}  & **D** & **V** & **A** & **D** & **V** & **A** & **D** & **V** & **A** & **D** & **V** & **A** & **D** & **V** & **A** & **D** & **V** & **B** \\ \hline Happy & - & - & - & - & - & - & - & - & - & - & 0.53 & 0.05 & 0.21 & 0.52 & 0.07 & 0.19 & - & - & - & - \\ Sad & \(-\)0.62 & \(-\)0.32 & \(-\)0.06 & 0.60 & \(-\)0.33 & \(-\)0.03 & \(-\)0.66 & \(-\)0.38 & \(-\)0.11 & \(-\)0.51 & \(-\)0.27 & 0.01 & - & - & - & - & - \\ Surprise & \(-\)0.00 & \(-\)0.03 & 0.43 & 0.03 & \(-\)0.03 & 0.38 & 0.02 & \(-\)0.03 & 0.45 & 0.01 & 0.01 & 0.46 & - & - & - & 0.00 & 0.02 & 0.52 \\ Fear & - & - & - & \(-\)0.62 & \(-\)0.07 & 0.40 & \(-\)0.63 & \(-\)0.27 & 0.51 & \(-\)0.58 & \(-\)0.10 & 0.41 & - & - & - & \(-\)0.46 & \(-\)0.10 & 0.40 \\ Disgust & - & - & - & - & - & - & 0.29 & \(-\)0.33 & 0.37 & - & - & - & - & - & - & 0.25 & \(-\)0.32 & 0.42 \\ Anger & - & - & - & \(-\)0.39 & \(-\)0.30 & 0.28 & - & - & - & - & - & - & - & - & - & - & - & - \\ Contempt & 0.64 & \(-\)0.22 & 0.29 & 0.51 & \(-\)0.11 & 0.23 & 0.67 & \(-\)0.17 & 0.29 & 0.61 & \(-\)0.18 & 0.23 & 0.66 & \(-\)0.11 & 0.25 & - & - & - \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 5: Three-dimensional emotion distribution of different art movements. The average 3D emotion labels have been calculated for each art movement. Average emotion centers show that different art movements have different emotion distributions in portrait emotions (adapted from [52]). Figure 7: Data Annotation Process. Data Analysis: Our dataset comprises 1136 high-quality images, among which 927 are annotated with specific art movement labels, and 209 are classified under the 'Not Defined' (ND) category for art movements. We have included six distinct art movements within the dataset, featuring a notable Japanese painting style known as Ukiyo-e (see Table 6). The assortment of art styles follows the methodology outlined in a previous study [52], and for a detailed breakdown of the art style distribution, we refer readers to Figure 6b. The PE3D dataset boasts a high-resolution standard among its images, with over 90% of them exceeding the dimensions of \(200\times 200\) pixels; the quality of these images is detailed further in Figure 6a. Additionally, the dataset is distinguished by its thorough annotation of 3D emotion labels according to three dimensions: Dominance (D), Valence (V), and Arousal (A). When used in conjunction with categorical emotion labels, these dimensions are instrumental for estimating emotional states.