# Photovoltaics on Landmark Buildings with Distinctive Geometries
## 4 Results and Discussions  
Nowadays, the integration of photovoltaics into new and retrofitted buildings is a challenge for architects. Even the most renowned, awarded architectural names and offices are not an exception.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c c} \hline \hline \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Landmark Buildings with PV**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{\begin{tabular}{c} **Number and Type of** \\ **PV Modules** \\ \end{tabular} } & \begin{tabular}{c} **Surface Area** \\ **(m\({}^{3}\))** \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} **Rated System Power** \\ **(GWp)** \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} **Annual Electricity** \\ **Production (MWb)** \\ \end{tabular} & \
\begin{tabular}{c} **Year** \\ **Year** \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Marcanial Stadium (BR)} & 1552 & 2400 & 390 & 500 & 2012 \\ \cline{2-6}  & Polycrystalline & & & & \\ \hline Apple Headquarter (USA) & na & na & 1700 & 17 & 2017 \\ \hline Shanghai Expo 2010 Theme Pavilion (CN) & 16250 & 30,000 & 2800 & na & 2010 \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Powerhouse Heaterkain (NO)} & 1157 & 2867 & 415 & 458 & 2019 \\ \cline{2-6}  & Crystalline & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Paris Courthouse (FR)} & 1596 sunudades & & & & \\  & 152 solar panels & 1931 & 325 & 312 & 2016 \\ \cline{2-6}  & na & & & & \\ \hline La Scine Musicale (FR) & 470 & 800 & 115 & 125 & 2016 \\ \cline{2-6}  & na & & & & \\ \hline Ummevelt Arena (CH) &
\begin{tabular}{c} 5239 \\ Monocrystalline \\ \end{tabular} & 5333 & 737 & 540 & 2012 \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Kaohsung National Stadium (TW)} & 9720 & 14,155 & 1000 & 1140 & 2009 \\ \cline{2-6}  & Transparent & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Novarits Campus Building (CH)} & na & & & & \\ \cline{2-6}  & Monocrystalline & 1300 & 93 & 65 & 2008 \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Copenhagen International School (DK)} & 12,000 & \multirow{2}{*}{6000} & \multirow{2}{*}{720} & \multirow{2}{*}{300} & \multirow{2}{*}{2017} \\ \cline{2-6}  & Semi-transparent & & & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 2: Total number and type of PV modules, installed capacity and annual electricity production for the ten landmark buildings.  
Figure 14: Copenhagen International School (a top view and elevation: Source of illustration Google Earth, Google 2020) (**on top**). Integration and characteristic of PV systems (**on the bottom**).  
There are numerous examples of BIPV, in which the architects directed building designs, geometries at the first instance, to the technical and aesthetical needs of PV integration.  
The fact that a designed architectural object, apart from its main function, could generate electricity by application of PV systems is a relatively new experience for many architects. A common belief that the PV technology might negatively influence the architectural appearance of buildings is still present. However, the fact that some surfaces of architectural objects could be activated in energy production influences contemporary architecture.  
Examining the selected sample of landmark architectural buildings and considering the architectural performance parameters stated in Section 2, the architectural performances of the analysed object are presented in Table 3.