# Mini-Review: Recent Technologies of Electrode and System in the Enzymatic Biofuel Cell (EBFC)
## 3 Current Development on the Bioanode and Biocathode in EBFC
Therefore, application of the EBFC as a biosensor electrode should have the ability to detect and quantify different analytes, good anti-interference performance [3], and lead to more efficient energy generation [42]. The diagram in Figure 6 shows the working schematic of the self-powered sensors using EBFC. Applications using EBFC as a biosensor need to develop electrodes using specific materials that can detect target molecules. [PERSON] et al. [76] used EBFC for the detection of pathogenic bacteria. As shown in Figure 6, the aptamer is added in the developed system, and attached at the electrode surface, which is used to catch bacterial pathogens. Conventionally, in the absence of pathogens, glucose will be oxidized and generate electricity. The presence of pathogens will be trapped in the aptamer and will prevent glucose from oxidizing. Immodilization of lacase enzyme (LAC) using the encapsulation technique through the highly porous and large surface area of the metal-organic frameworks (zeolitic imidazolate framework-8, ZIP-8) for both the anode and cathode was carried out by [PERSON] et al. [3]. To increase biocompatibility in the EBFC electrode, LAC-ZIP-8 is supported on a combination of bacterial cellulose and CNTs. The resulting EBFC system can detect bisphenol A (BPA) linearly by increasing the concentration of BPA due to the good anti-interference performance improvement of the enzyme's thermal, organic solvent, and pH stability using the ZIP-8. [PERSON] et al. [60] introduced the platinum nanoparticle (Pt) in the enzyme-Au electrodes interaction to achieve the DET process. The enzyme used commonly requires a mediator, flavin adenine dinucleotide-dependent glucose dehydrogenase (FAD-GDH). The Pt nanoparticle synthesized is located close to the enzyme, but the current difference produced without Pt is 1 mA/cm\({}^{2}\). [PERSON] et al. [12] introduced the SnS\({}_{2}\) nanoflower/Au nanoparticles as a support material for thrombin detection. The presence of SnS\({}_{2}\) nanoflower/Au nanoparticles has shown that the resulting electrode has capacitor characteristics and produces very high sensitivity detection (18.4 times) compared to a standard electrode. All developed electrode materials are summarized in Table 1.  
Figure 6: Schematic illustration of EBFCs-based self-powered biosensor with the visual self-checking function for Vp determination. (**A**) GDH would oxidize glucose to generate electrons, which could reduce blue PB to white PW; (**B**) when connected with the bioathode electrode, the PW electrode would be oxidized to the original PB state and (**C**) the color conversion between PB and PW realized the self-checking function via visual detection [76]. Copyright 2020 Elsevier. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Enzyme** & **Electrode Materials** & **Electrode Size** & \begin{tabular}{c} **Storage Conditions/** \\ **Lifetime/Stability** \\ \end{tabular}  & **Working Conditions/Response** & **Performance** & **Ref** \\ \hline Glucose oxidase & \begin{tabular}{c} Katon/MWCNTs; \\ mediator \(\pi\) ferritin (FrJ); \\ glassy carbon electrode (GCE) \\ \end{tabular}  & 3 mm diameter & - & \begin{tabular}{c} 11 MBPs (pH 7.0) solution at an \\ ambient temperature at a scan rate \\ of 100 mV/s \\ \end{tabular}  & Current density = 1.14 mA/cm\({}^{2}\) & [1] \\ \hline Glucose oxidase & \begin{tabular}{c} Multi-walled carbon \\ nanotube-pyrene carboxylic \\ acid (MWCNTsC) \\ random composite; carbon \\ cloth (CC) \\ \end{tabular}  & 4 cm\({}^{2}\) & - & \begin{tabular}{c} PBS solution (pH7.4) (N\({}_{5}\) saturated) \\ containing 500 mM glucose \\ \end{tabular}  & \begin{tabular}{c} OCP = 140 mV, peak power \\ density = 6.25 mV/cm\({}^{2}\) at \\ 60 nA/cm\({}^{2}\) \\ \end{tabular}  & [2] \\ \hline Glucose oxidase (GO) and & \begin{tabular}{c} Zcoline disdiaz \\ framework-8 (ZIF-8), bacterial \\ cellulose (BC)/carbonylated \\ metallic-walled carbon \\ nanotubes (-dWCNTs) \\ \end{tabular}  & - &