## 4 Discussion  
The values of the traditional load losses calculated on the transformer of the residential distribution network in Section 3 using the nominal short-circuit resistance (\(R_{ccN}\)) are \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Hour** & **A-Phase** & **B-Phase** & **C-Phase** \\ \hline
6:55 a.m. (low consumption) & 51.90 & 41.74 & 55.57 \\ \hline
8:55 p.m. (high consumption) & 6.69 & 11.51 & 8.16 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 8: Relative importance (\(HLF_{z}\)%), in percent, of current harmonics in the transformer load losses at 6:55 a.m. and 8:55 p.m. on 10 November 2022.  
compared in this section with those load losses obtained using the new short-circuit resistances developed in Section 2 on 10 November 2022. Table 9 summarizes the RMS values of the currents in each secondary phase of the transformer (\(I_{sz}\)), their fundamental frequency components (\(I_{1z}\)), and the total harmonic distortion (\(THDi_{z}\%\)) of these currents. Except in specific cases, it is observed that the distortion rates usually have high values when household consumptions are low. This fact is noted during the early morning hours and can be attributed mainly to public lighting. The high rates of distortion of the currents occasionally observed in some phases during the afternoons (4:55 p.m.) are due to the use of fluorescent lighting and refrigerators in shops. The values of the nominal short-circuit resistance (\(R_{ccN}\)), as well as the effective short-circuit resistances of each phase (\(R_{cc,z}\)) and due to all non-fundamental frequency harmonic (\(R_{cc,Hz}\)) are summarized in Table 10. The resistances \(R_{cc,z}\) and \(R_{cc,Hz}\) have been calculated using Equations (25) and (26), respectively, while the value of \(R_{ccN}\) has been determined using either Equation (2) or (22). \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Hour**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Phase Currents, \(I_{sz}\)**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Fundamental Frequency Currents, \(I_{1z}\)**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Total Harmonic Distortion \(THDi_{z}\) (\%)**} \\  & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**(A)**} & & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**(A)**} & & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**(A)**} & \\ \cline{2-10}  & **A-Phase** & **B-Phase** & **C-Phase** & **A-Phase** & **B-Phase** & **C-Phase** & **A-Phase** & **B-Phase** & **C-Phase** \\ \hline  
\hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 9: Total harmonic distortion and RMS values of total and fundamental frequency secondary phase currents recorded by the Fluke 435 Series II analyzer on 10 November 2022. From Table 10, it is noted that the following are true:  
1. The nominal short-circuit resistance (\(R_{ccN}\)) has the same value in the three phases of the transformer and is independent of the distortion rates of the currents since, according to (22), it coincides with the short-circuit resistance for the fundamental frequency (\(R_{cc,1}\)). 2. The effective short-circuit resistances of each phase (\(R_{cc,z}\)) and combined non-fundamental frequency harmonics (\(R_{cc,Hz}\)) have different values in each phase, which increase with the distortion rate of the currents of each phase. 3. The values of traditional short-circuit resistances (\(R_{ccN}\)) are always less than \(R_{cc,z,z}\), since they do not include the effects of non-fundamental frequency harmonics. The transformer's load losses according to the traditional procedure (\(P_{ccNz}\)), indicated in Table 11, have been obtained in each phase by multiplying their nominal short-circuit resistance (\(R_{ccN}=R_{cc,1}=2.889\) m\(\Omega\), Table 10) by the squares of the RMS values of the phase currents (\(I_{sz}\), Table 9).