## 1 Introduction  
With the rapid economic development around the world, environmental issues have become increasingly severe. Municipal waste and industrial pollution all cause a series of site pollution events. This not only leads to the deterioration of soil and water environments but also seriously threatens the aquatic environment and human health, which has attracted widespread attention worldwide [1, 2]. Groundwater pollution interception technology is a commonly used risk management program for groundwater-contaminated sites [3]. This technology is mainly based on the environment of the contaminated site, topography, geological conditions, and other reasonable selections of anti-seepage and pollution intercepting performance of the material poured into the wall to build a vertical engineered barrier (vertical engineered barrier). Various types of barriers beyond cement-bentonite barrier walls also have a short construction period. Moreover, the seepage control effect is obvious, and the cement-bentonite barrier wall has better applicability due to the hydration of cement, so the slurry has a stronger cementing effect, meaning it has relatively high strength and can better control the deformation. At present, in foreign research on cement-bentonite barrier wall materials in the cement replacement material, such as in the United Kingdom's barrier wall project, fly ash or finely ground blast furnace slag used as part of the cement replacement material can often improve the barrier wall impermeability and resistance to water secretion. Reducing the cost of construction at the same time also solved the problem of slag utilization; thus, environmental protection and economic benefits are realized [4; 5; 6]. Steel slag is a solid waste discharged in the steelmaking process, and its emissions account for 15% to 20% of crude steel production [7]. Iron and steel are the basic industries of China's national economy; the emissions from steel slag have increased since 2003; China's emissions from steel slag production are about 0.8 to 120 million tons [8]. Global annual production of steel slag is about 300 million tons, with China accounting for about 40%. The steel slag-cement-bentonite barrier wall made by replacing part of the cement with steel slag can also achieve the same purpose as in the UK barrier wall project. The results of the study showed that steel slag powder can stimulate the higher activity of steel slag powder in a certain range of fineness, which is well adapted to the cement and can improve the late strength and durability of concrete [9]. Taking into account the economy and practicality of steel slag and combining it with environmental characteristics, we present our study in this paper. Barrier wall in service by the environment and other external factors, as well as changes in the water level on both sides, will change the lateral earth pressure of the barrier wall, resulting in excessive deformation and cracking of the hardened barrier wall, and then the pollutants can easily migrate from the polluted area so that the barrier wall impermeability is lost. The unconfined compressive strength and, especially, the permeability coefficient are important indicators for evaluating the quality during the design process of the barrier wall. The chemical and mineralogical composition of steel slag is similar to cement [10], the use of steel slag as a cementitious material is the current hotspot of the research on steel slag [11]. [PERSON] et al. [12] pointed out that the effective use of industrial waste products (e.g., fly ash, granulated blast furnace slag powder, steel slag powder) as a supplementary cementitious material has become a major trend in concrete technology. [PERSON] et al. [4] studied the hydration properties of AOD and LM, two kinds of steel slag, and found that the 90d strength of steel slag can reach 10% and 20% of the cement, respectively, and its strength is related to the water-to-binder ratio, which shows that steel slag can be used as cementitious materials. [PERSON] et al.