esa-sceva/satcom-chunk-collection huggingface dataset:
# Practical Application of Mesh Opportunistic Networks
## 3 Materials and Methods
### The Experimental Session  
On the afternoon of day 1, the 14 participants were gathered at a previously indicated meeting point in the Plaza Mayor, in front of the Town Hall in Almagro (Spain). They were about to tackle the challenge of creating professional video journalism with their mobile devices (as in mobile journalism or mojo) while everyone was in touch with the mesh OppNet. There they were told what the activity consisted of, any doubts were resolved, and the electronic mesh communication devices were given to them and linked to their mobile phones. The communication flow was then tested and the participants were given the following indications: (1) that they should make informative audiovisual works that can be distributed through any of the RTVE channels and upload it to a specific, designated folder housed in the cloud; (2) that they should send their location whenever requested by the coordinator; and (3) that they must regularly communicate with each other through the chat app of the device used. After performing the relevant technical tests, the session began. Specifically, the data from the definitive test of electronic opportunistic network communication were performed between 18:00 and 20:45 in the evening.
# Estimation of Stability Parameters for Wide Body Aircraft Using Computational Techniques
## 3 Xflr
### XFLR Analysis Technique
After the 3D model of the aircraft is obtained, stability derivatives and aerodynamic coefficients can be estimated with the help of different algorithms using the XFLR program. XFLR software can also be applied to compare the performance parameters of various airfoils [55]. It has been observed that the three-dimensional panel technique can be used to regulate the aerodynamic loads for some airfoils at different angles of attack. During the analyses of the designed aircraft model with or without the body, using any of the three methods, i.e., LLT, 3D panels, or VLM methods, it has been established that all three methods can correctly predict the lift coefficient at zero moment value and the moment coefficient at zero lift with some exceptions [56; 57]. Moreover, a tolerable trend of Cm\(\alpha\) can also be obtained by using LLT or VLM methods. Modeling can generate numerical noise because of flow-field interference between the body and the wing [58]. Stability analyses can also be carried out in XFLR software. There are three major elements of stability analyses--i.e., (i) the open-loop dynamic response contains hands-off control and can get the perturbation, i.e., the wind gust from the airplane's response; (ii) airplane's response in natural modes is captured at natural frequencies; (iii) the response obtained from forced dynamic input is directed to control actuation, i.e., elevator or rudder. One of the requirements of control and stability system analyses is to define the inertial characteristics. Inertia can be roughly approximated using XFLR with the available data of geometry and mass distribution, e.g., fuselage structure; wing mass; and locations/masses of servo-actuator, battery, nose lead, and receiver [59].
## 4 Understanding Centralised Identity Systems
### Challenges and Drawbacks  
While centralised identity management systems (CIMSs) offer significant operational benefits, they also present some inherent limitations:  
* **Single Point of Failure**: Since the central point of control in the CIMS is the identity provider (IdP), the entire system depends on the availability and security of the IdP. If the IdP becomes inaccessible due to security breaches, network failures, or maintenance issues, the entire system becomes unavailable to users [12; 13].
* **Scalability**: Although the CIMS is highly scalable, as the number of users grows, so does the amount of data. Managing large volumes of user identity data and authentication requests can become a challenge for organizations. This increase can lead to delays and higher loads on the authentication infrastructure [12].
* **Lack of Flexibility**: Centralised systems face integration issues with new security protocols and evolving decentralised identity systems. Any upgrade requires significant reconfiguration, making them less adaptable to environments that need to quickly upgrade their security infrastructure.
* **Privacy Risks**: Since all user data are stored centrally, the system becomes an attractive target for attackers. If data are compromised, attackers can gain access to the identities of all the users in the system [12; 20].
## 3 Proposed Lagrange Multiplier Selection Algorithm
### Lagrange Multiplier Selection Bottlenecks in 3-D Wavelet-Based SVC  
Lagrange multiplier based mode decision is one of the most important technologies in SVC [43]. In the adaptive MCTF framework of 3-D wavelet-based SVC, each temporal subband frame in Figure 2 is assigned to one out of four frame modes, including \"bi-direction\" (denoted as \(m_{1}\)), \"uni-left\" (denoted as \(m_{2}\)), \"uni-right\" (denoted as \(m_{3}\)) and \"intra\" (denoted as \(m_{4}\)) modes. The ENH-MC-EZBC SVC codec incorporates an optional rate-distortion (R-D) optimized mode decision algorithm. The goal of an R-D optimized mode-selection algorithm is to choose the best mode from available coding frame modes. The mode that minimizes distortion subject to a rate constraint is chosen as the best frame mode. Let \(F=(f_{1},f_{2},f_{3},\ldots,f_{K})\) denote a group of K frames. For a vector of coding mode allocations \(M=(m_{1},m_{2},m_{3},m_{4})\) and a bitrate constraint \(R_{T}\), this optimization problem can be expressed by:  
\[M^{*}=\arg\min_{M}D(F,M),\ \ \text{s.t.}\ \ R(F,M)\leq R_{T}, \tag{5}\]  
where \(M^{*}\), \(D(F,M)\) and \(R(F,M)\) denote the vector of best mode allocations, distortion metric, and coded bitrate. This may be written as an unconstrained problem using a Lagrange optimization method as:  
\[M^{*}=\sum_{i=1}^{K}\arg\min_{M}J(F_{i}), \tag{6}\]  
Figure 2: Lifting-based MCTF framework with adaptive switching based on Haar and 5/3 filters.  
where \(\mathrm{J}(\mathrm{F}_{i})\) is the Lagrange cost for the \(i\)th frame and is given as:  
\[\mathrm{J}(\mathrm{F}_{i})=\mathrm{D}(\mathrm{F}_{i},\mathrm{M}_{i})+\lambda \cdot\mathrm{R}(\mathrm{F}_{i},\mathrm{M}_{i}), \tag{7}\]  
where \(\mathrm{D}(\mathrm{F}_{i},\mathrm{M}_{i})\) is the distortion term between the current frame and its reference frame, and \(\mathrm{R}(\mathrm{F}_{i},\mathrm{M}_{i})\) the bitrate term representing the expected number of bits allocated to the \(i\)th frame, with a specific \(\lambda\).  
Accurate R-D model is crucial in the determination of the Lagrange multiplier. It is worthwhile to mention that the R-D relationships can be quite different for various temporal subbands (T-bands). Unfortunately, it cannot to maximize coding efficiency through utilizing a fixed Lagrange multiplier at each temporal layer. Consequently, the conventional Lagrange multiplier selection method is not optimal as it does not consider the content characteristics of the T-bands.
# Maintaining the Sense of Agency in Semi-Autonomous Robot Conferencing
## 4 Hypothesis  
Several previous studies reported that being conscious of the discomfort of the motion delay [9], the appearance [25], the predictability of behaviors [26], and the synchrony with the virtual body [7; 8] decreases the sense of agency. Therefore, it is a concern that the sense of agency may decrease when the operator notices autonomous behavior that differs from their eye movement.  
On the other hand, many previous studies demonstrated that visuomotor synchrony and/or synchronous visuo-tactile stimulation (e.g., the rubber hand illusion technique) enhance the sense of agency. The illusion that a virtual body is one's own body occurs, even if the virtual body has a different age [27], size [27], gender [28], and race [29] from the real body. We expected that the synchronization between the guided eye movement and the autonomous vision line movement of the robot also enhances the sense of agency. We hence set the following hypotheses.  
**Hypothesis 1**.: _Guiding the operator's eye movement to synchronize with the autonomous vision line movement of the robot enhances the sense of agency._  
There is a previous study that attempted to produce the feeling of talking to an operator when talking to an autonomous robot [30]. This study mentioned that a psychological contrivance that blurs the line between teleoperated and autonomous states is effective at producing that feeling. Weconsidered that mixing the visual guidance into teleoperation that uses the operator's eye movement blurs the line between teleoperated and autonomous states, and maintains the sense of agency. Thus, we set the following hypothesis.  
**Hypothesis 2.**_Even when the visual guidance mixed into the teleoperation that uses the operator's eye movement, the same level of the sense of agency is maintained as that which is seen in continuous teleoperation._  
It is known that social telepresence decreases depending on the inconvenience of teleoperation [31]. Therefore, it is considered that social telepresence will decrease when the operator is conscious that the robot is autonomously moving. However, along with the sense of agency, we expected that the visual guidance maintains social telepresence in our semi-autonomous robot conferencing. Thus, we added the following hypothesis.  
**Hypothesis 3.**_Even when autonomous behavior is incorporated into teleoperated behavior, the visual guidance maintains the same level of social telepresence as that seen in continuous teleoperation._
## 4 SDOF Systems with Nonlinear Eddy Current Dampers
### Equations of Motion and System Parameters  
The schematic model of the SDOF system with a supplemental damper subjected to ground motion is shown in Figure 4. The equation governing the motion of the SDOF system with mass \(m\), elastic stiffness \(k\), linear viscous damping coefficient \(c\), and a nonlinear FVD subjected to ground acceleration \(\ddot{u}_{g}(t)\) is  
\[m\ddot{u}+ci\dot{u}+ku+c_{d}\dot{u}^{\alpha}=-m\ddot{u}_{g} \tag{7}\]  
while for the SDOF-ECD coupling system, the equation governing the motion is  
\[m\ddot{u}+ci\dot{u}+ku+F_{max}\frac{2}{\frac{\ddot{u}}{\dot{u}_{\alpha}}~{}+~{} \frac{\ddot{u}_{\alpha}}{\dot{u}}}=-m\ddot{u}_{g} \tag{8}\]  
The system parameters are selected from a longitudinal motion mode of a long span suspension bridge as follows: The mass \(m=1.4\times 10^{7}\) kg; the natural frequency \(f=0.124\) Hz; the structural damping ratio \(\zeta=0.02\); the peak ground acceleration \(\ddot{u}_{go}=1.5247\) m/s\({}^{2}\). In order to compare the response mitigation performance of ECDs and FVDs, here we set the damping coefficient of the FVD \(c_{d}=1.2\times 10^{7}\)N/(m/s)\({}^{\alpha}\), the critical velocity of the ECD \(v_{\alpha}=0.786v_{max}\), and the maximum damping force for ECD is the same as that of FVD \(F_{max}=c_{d}v_{max}^{\alpha}\).  
Figure 4: The schematic model of the SDOF system with a supplemental damper subjected to ground motion.
## 3 Results and Discussion
### Overview of Metabolites Discovered in Filed Soil (Contaminated Site)
The 5-chloro-1,2,4-trihydroxybenzene and Benzene-1,2,4-triol (hydroxyhydroquinone) are also derivative molecules of the benzene compound, one of the molecules discovered in field soil. These were originated from chlorocyclohexane and chlorobenzene degradation or benzoate degradation referring to the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) Database. Furthermore, naphthyl-2-methyl-succinic acid discovered in field soil is one of the metabolites involved in naphthalene degradation. This was originated from naphthalene, which was one of the combustion products in this study. It is likely that there were trace amounts of naphthalene in field soil because 2-methylidene is an intermediate of the naphthalene production pathway according to [10]. This implies that naphthalene had probably an influence on microbial activity in soil located near the chemical fire site. On the other hand, secondary metabolites were also identified in field soil. The plant's secondary metabolites were located at the chemical accident site, in addition to microbial chemical-defense substances and therapeutic metabolites such as antibiotics and drugs that were identified in field soil (contaminated soil). These are strongly suggested as a biomarker indicating a trace of soil contamination because they have remained in field soil for a long time; substances derived from combustion products tend to be decomposed within a short amount of time in field soil.
# Kinematics and Performance Analysis of the 2T1R/1T2R Reconfigurable Decoupled Parallel Mechanism
###### Abstract  
Based on the reconfigurable revolute (rR) pair, a reconfigurable decoupled parallel mechanism is proposed, which is composed of three serial chains. Traditional serial chain 1 and 2 are of types PRRR and URC, respectively, where P denotes a prismatic pair, R denotes a revolute pair, U denotes a universal pair, and C denotes a cylindric pair. The reconfigurable serial chain 3 can switch between PRRP and RRPP configurations by changing the axis of reconfigurable pair rR, thus enabling the parallel mechanism to switch between two motion modes of 2T1R (where R represents rotation and T represents translation) and 1T2R. By investigating the relationship between the mechanism's motion output, input, and the Jacobian matrix, it is verified that the parallel mechanism is a completely decoupled mechanism in the 2T1R motion mode and a partially decoupled mechanism in the 1R2T motion mode. Finally, the performance indexes of the mechanism in both motion modes were discussed using screw theory, and the dimensions of the mechanism were optimized in scale, thereby enhancing the motion performance of the parallel mechanism. The results indicate that the decoupling characteristics of the reconfigurable parallel mechanism have significant advantages in both 2T1R and 1T2R motion modes, providing a theoretical basis for the study of reconfigurable and decoupled parallel mechanisms.  
reconfigurable parallel mechanism; motion decoupling; kinematics analysis; performance index; dimensional optimization Article
## 5 Rate Adaptive MAC (RA-MAC)
In Proceedings of the 9 th ACM International Symposium on Mobile ad hoc Networking and Computing (MobiHoc '08), Hong Kong, China, 2008. * [PERSON] et al. (2009) [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] CMAC: An Energy-efficient MAC Layer Protocol using Convergent Packet forwarding for Wireless Sensor Networks. _Trans. Sens. Netw. (TOSN)_**2009**, \(5\), 973-986. * [PERSON] and [PERSON] (1997) [PERSON]; [PERSON] [PERSON] WaveLAN-II: a High-performance Wireless LAN for the Unlicensed Band. _Bell Labs Tech. Jour._**1997**, \(2\), 118-133. * [PERSON] et al. (2004) [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] [PERSON] IEEE 802.11 Rate Adaptation: A Practical Approach. In Proceedings of the 7 th ACM International Symposium on Modeling, Analysis and Simulation of Wireless and Mobile Systems (MSWiM '04), Venice, Italy, 2004; pp. 126-134. * [PERSON] et al. (2001) [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] [PERSON] A Rate-adaptive MAC Protocol for Multi-Hop Wireless Networks. In Proceedings of the 7 th Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (MobiCom '01), Rome, Italy, 2001; pp. 236-251. * [PERSON] et al. (2002) [PERSON]; [PERSON] [PERSON]; [PERSON] [PERSON]; [PERSON] [PERSON] Opportunistic Media Access for Multirate ad hoc Networks. In Proceedings of the 8 th Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (MobiCom '02), Atlanta, GA, USA, 2002; pp. 24-35. * 26 [PERSON] [PERSON]; [PERSON], [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] Automatic IEEE 802.11 Rate Control for Streaming Applications: Research Articles. _Wirel. Commun. Mob. Comput._**2005**, \(5\), 421-437. * 27 [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] MiSer: An Optimal Low-energy Transmission Strategy for IEEE 802.11a/h. In Proceedings of the 9 th Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (MobiCom '03), San Diego, CA, USA, 2003; pp. 161-175. * 28 [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] Taming the Underlying Challenges of Reliable Multihop Routing in Sensor Networks. In Proceedings of the 1 st International Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems (SenSys '03), Los Angeles, CA, USA, 2003; pp. 14-27. * 29 [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] ERTP: Energy-efficient and Reliable Transport Protocol for Data Streaming in Wireless Sensor Networks. _Comput. Commun._**2009**, _32_, 1154-1171. * 30 XE1205 Radio Transceiver Datasheet. Available online: www.semtech.com/pc/downloadDocument.do?navId=H0,C1,P2615&id=769/ (accessed on 12 October 2009).
# Intelligent Radio Frequency Identification for URLLC in Industrial IoT Networks
## 5 Results and Discussion  
In this section, we provide extensive experiments on large-scale LTE datasets for radio frequency identification with an SSL model. Simulation results of RFI-aided URLLCs uplink transmission are provided to validate the error probability and availability of the network system.
## 1 Introduction
Differently from the previous version [10], this work further evaluates the attack performance of the SOOA in a real network environment. The contributions of this work are listed below:  
* We first describe the high-level architecture of a typical challenge-based CIDN with the adopted assumptions and then investigate the influence of the SOOA, which can behave normally to one IDS node while responding maliciously to another node. In this case, trust computation in the third node may be affected, as it may receive the opposite judgement from its partner nodes. * To investigate the attack performance, we have performed two experiments under a simulated and a real CIDN environment. Our results demonstrate that the SOOA has the potential to greatly affect the trust computation of IDS nodes; that is, some malicious nodes can keep their reputation without timely detection. Finally, we discuss some countermeasures and solutions. Different from the previous work [10], this work both further evaluates attack scenarios and has performed an evaluation in a real CIDN environment. We acknowledge that challenge mechanisms are a promising solution to safeguard CIDNs against malicious insider nodes. The purpose of our work is to attract more research efforts to enhance the application of challenge mechanisms in practical scenarios. The remaining parts are organized as follows. Section 2 presents a set of related work regarding trust management in distributed IDS networks. Section 3 introduces the architecture of challenge-based CIDNs and analyzes the adopted assumptions. Section 4 describes how (SOOA) works in a challenge-based CIDN and discusses two scenarios as a study. Section 5 describes two major experiments under a simulated and a real CIDN environment. Finally, Section 6 concludes our work with future directions.
## 8 Conclusions  
The balance of the relation between the inductor size and the current that is used as an objective, is a contradictory design issue, due that if large thresholds are required between the minimum and maximum current, a large inductor value will be necessary. However, if the inductor value is increased, it grows with its Equivalent Series Resistance (ESR, \(R_{L}\) in this work) which increases the losses in the inductor and therefore the efficiency of the converter will be compromised. On the other hand, if the switching frequency is increased to reduce the size of the inductor, the switching losses of the transistor and the diode begin to impact the efficiency of the converter. This is one of the most important disadvantages of the reducer converter. Therefore this work enabled to find the optimal relation between the size of the inductor and its performance.  
This proposal achieves an optimal DC-DC converter design, regarding a fast voltage response with a low current slope, which enables designing based in the actual expected performance. Now then, it is clearly shown by the obtained results that the metaheuristic multi-objective optimization, directs the inductance selection to a low ripple design regarding the output voltage and the current through the inductor, achieving a behavior that it is also friendly with the required control signal. Therefore, with all the confidence provided by the simulation tests, the proposed methodology was validated to be an implementable solution through the designed experimental testbed, which allowed to physically demonstrate an almost 71% of current ripple through the inductance.  
Henceforth, this work enables a methodology that allows achieving better and more efficient DC-DC converters design, not only optimizing the inductance selection but also through other parameters selection, since the methodology could be easily suited into other design applications that require improved performance, efficient designs, components substitutions (when out of stock), or just a particular behavior-oriented application.  
Conceptualization, E.M., I.M., A.V.-M., and A.M.; formal analysis, E.M.; funding acquisition, A.V.-M. and R.A.R.-M.; investigation, E.M., I.M., A.O., and A.V.-M.; methodology, E.M., I.M., and A.V.-M.; project administration, J.d.J.L.-S., R.A.R.-M., R.M.-M., and A.M.; resources, A.V.-M., R.J.L.-S., R.A.R.-M., and R.M.-M.; software, E.M.; supervision, I.M., P.P., R.d.J.L.-S., R.A.R.-M., and A.M.; validation, E.M., I.M., P.P., and R.M.-M.; visualization, A.O. and P.P.; writing--original draft, E.M.; writing--review and editing, E.M., I.M., P.P., and A.V.-M. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
We appreciate financial support through the Scholarships Program of CONACYT addressed to CVU 859994, Tecnologico de Monterrey.  
The authors declare no conflict of interest.