esa-sceva/satcom-chunk-collection huggingface dataset:
## 4 Numerical Results
### Lateral Load-Displacement Behavior from Simulation Results  
In a view to analyzing the pile-soil reaction of the lateral load, the dimensionless p-y curves at different scour depths are sorted in this research. After the displacement is applied  
Figure 4: Comparison of pile deflection before and after scouring; (a) \(S_{d1}=1\;D\;(6\;\mathrm{m})\); (b) \(S_{d2}=1.5\;D\;(9\;\mathrm{m})\).  
to the pile, head develops to the ultimate deflection of 0.2 \(D\) (1.2 m), the dimensionless p-y curves of \(S_{d1}=1\)\(D\) (6 m) in the local scour condition in each horizon is slightly stiffer than that at the same depths than original soil in Figure 6. While \(S_{d2}=1.5\)\(D\) (9 m) the dimensionless p-y curve changed in two conditions with the difference of the depth in Figure 7. In the deeper horizon of 13-30 m, the phenomenon is similar to \(S_{d1}\) cases, in which resistance is still stiffer than that in the same horizon in original soil. The rigidity enhancement of the remaining interface soil in the deeper horizon becomes more obvious with the rise of scour depth. The stiffer p-y curves resulting from the local scour condition are initially explained by the increase of soil resistance for the remaining soil horizon. The result on [PERSON]'s centrifuge test and 3D simulation indicates that the p-y response at a given soil horizon is just affected by shallow depths and, for most of the profile, the lateral soil stiffness at a given depth below the scour base is greater than that at the same relative depth below the original mudline [17; 18], which is similar to the result of 1 \(D\) depth scour in this research.  
Under the deeper scour depth, the p-y curves in the shallow horizon of remaining soil are weaker than original soil in the depth of 0.5-1 \(D\). The lateral sand resistance declines and reaches the ultimate limit state earlier, which is different from the past test and simulation results. The mainstream test method could hardly reflect the characteristics of the cohesionless soil again as it can be easily disturbed and the 3D finite numerical simulation is difficult to accurately capture the variation characteristics of the lateral resistance of the shallow horizon of saturated cohesionless soil. The change of soil horizon under lateral load before and after scouring is analyzed.  
Figure 6: Load displacement characteristics of piles at different depths in \(S_{d1}=1\)\(D\) (6 m) condition.
## 3 Results and Discussion
### Influence of the Plasma Treatment on the Wetting of PVC Tubing  
Plasma treatment of PVC tubing by all kinds of studied plasma discharges increased the hydrophilicity of the PVC catheters as shown in Figure 4. However, the Corona plasma treatment demonstrated the most pronounced influence on the wettability of catheters, as recognized from Figure 4.  
Figure 4: _Cont._  
One minute plasma treatment of the tubing by the Corona plasma discharge decreased the apparent contact angle from \(\theta~{}=~{}93\pm 0.5^{\circ}\) to \(\theta~{}=~{}30\pm 0.5^{\circ}\), whereas the apparent contact angles attained by the radiofrequency plasma discharge and DBD discharge were \(\theta\cong\) 50-60\({}^{\circ}\) and \(\cong\)60-70\({}^{\circ}\), correspondingly. Thus, we conclude that the influence exerted by the Corona discharge on the surface properties of the PVC tubing was maximal. The increase in the energy of adhesion, following the plasma treatment as established with the Dupre formula is summarized in Table 1.  
The experimentally established apparent contact angles are close to the advancing ones whereas, the receding contact angles were close to zero (namely complete wetting of the cold plasma treated PVC tubing was observed). Substitution of \(\theta_{adv}~{}=~{}30\pm 0.5^{\circ}\) ; \(\theta_{rec}~{}=~{}0\) into Equation (4) yielded an estimation of the maximal surface energy of extruded PVC tubing attainable by the cold plasma treatment as \(\gamma_{SA}\cong 64.75\pm 1~{}\frac{\text{mJ}}{\text{m}^{2}}\), which is quite expectedly essentially larger than the aforementioned free surface energy of the pristine PVC.  
It is noteworthy that the impact of the radiofrequency plasma discharge and DBD discharge on the wettability of PVC comes to saturation within the first 15 s of the plasma treatment, whereas the influence of the Corona discharge grows slightly within the first minute of treatment, as shown in Figure 4.
## 4 Methodology and Prototype Implementation
### Integration into the SM-PKI and Configuration of the SMGWs  
For the secure communication within the SMGW infrastructure, an integration into the SM-Test-PKI is required as described in Section 3.5. For the prototype setup, a sub-CA signed by the T-Systems' test-root-CA is utilized. This sub-CA signs GWA certificates, aEMP certificates, and the certificates of the SMGWs. The aEMP certificate contains the elliptic curve public key and uses the \"BrainpoolP256r1\" elliptic curve domain parameter. Communication in the HAN is outside the scope of the SM-PKI regulation, but several cryptographic requirements must be met by the certificates of the CLS. The HAN certificates are also elliptic curve cryptography certificates generated using NIST P-256 and are self-signed.  
In order to initiate the transparent data tunnel and successfully establish a communication channel, it is necessary to configure the SMGW with certain configuration profiles introduced in Section 3.3. During production, each SMGW is initialized with the help of an initial configuration file specifying a GWA and the quality seal certificates. To put the SMGW into productive operation, these initial certificates must be replaced with new certificates created according to [29]. Only then, the necessary configuration profiles can be transmitted to the SMGW.  
For the two communication end points, the EMS and the aEMP, a HAN and a WAN communication profile are required [6]. In the HAN communication profile, the most important parameters are the certificates, the specification of one of HKS3-5, and the address as a uniform resource identifier; i.e., a string defining protocol, IP address, and port. The WAN communication profile uses similar parameters, but with a WAN communication scenario instead. The defined WAN communication scenario for the transparent data tunnel is \"Info-Report\" [6]. Finally, a proxy profile references both communication profiles, and adds specific parameters depending on the HKS (see [6] for more details). While the syntax of the configuration profiles is the same among all manufacturers, the semantics can differ. One example is the specification of the address of the communication endpoint. Some SMGWs require the specification of a protocol, while others do not require this information. Furthermore, the communication scenario descriptions in the WAN communication profile are not identical. While some manufacturers require the \"Info-Report\" described in TR-03109, others require the specification of a custom WAN-CLS scenario, which is not a part of the TR-03109. Additionally, the implementation of proxy and communication profiles can deviate from the TR-03109, and instead follow the specifications \"Smart Meter Gateway: Functional Features\" [36] released by the _Forum Grid Technology/Grid Operation_ (\"Forum Netztechnik/Netzbetrieb,\" FNN). In summary, many specifications of the technical guidelines are implemented in the individual devices, but different devices can produce quite different results, which also may deviate from the TR-03109.
# Development of a Modular Software Architecture for Underwater Vehicles Using Systems Engineering
## 2 Methodology
### Object-Oriented Programming  
Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm that allows gathering data and functionality on a piece of code (object) with unique attributes and behavior. OOP is focused on the objects and its functions rather than the logic required to work with them. OOP is a well-suited programming paradigm for the development of software architectures for robotic systems due to reusability, scalability, and efficiency characteristics of code. For example, [PERSON] et al. [35] presented an object-oriented system to develop controllers on unmanned aerial vehicles. [PERSON] et al. [71] presented a software design approach for cooperative autonomous systems based on Ada standards. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [72] developed an object-oriented software architecture for a modular agricultural robotic system; the software was designed using a robot operating system (ROS) using three object-oriented modules: control, navigation, and vision module. For underwater vehicles, OOP is useful for low-level systems that involve microcontrollers up to high-level systems, such as human-machine interfaces. In low-level systems, modularity allows different sensors to be connected using the same software architecture. In high-level software components, scalability allows third-party software to be integrated into the mission.  
Reconfigurable Input-Output Architecture  
For the ROV Pionero500, the National Instruments(tm) CompactRIO(r) system, which is an industrial embedded controller, was selected because it meets the requirements of the reconfigurable architecture, since it is a processing system with high-performance capabilities, sensor input and output systems, and programming tools directly related to LabVIEW(r). In addition, it responds to real-time processing needs with reliable and predictable behavior. Finally, the field programmable gate array (FPGA) contained in its chassis provides high-speed processing and precise timing.  
Given the requirements, it was decided to use LabVIEW given its high performance in parallel processing, where the actors are conceived in independent virtual instruments (VI), launched through the LabVIEW base tools for parallel execution, following the RIO(reconfigurable input output) architecture, given the potential that offers to connect hardware and software modules [73, 74]. LabVIEW queues were implemented as a means of communication, so that the actors can communicate asynchronously, sending and receiving messages at any time [68].
# DDPG-MPCC: An Experience Driven Multipath Performance Oriented Congestion Control
## 4 Discussion and Directions
### Potential Future Direction  
Future research in MPCC with ML could explore integrated approaches that jointly optimize congestion control and packet scheduling. Current works often address these aspects separately, but a holistic view, combining both elements, holds promise for more efficient and adaptive MPCC systems. This direction could lead to the development of models that dynamically adjust MPCC parameters in response to changing network conditions, enhancing overall performance.  
A novel avenue involves leveraging predictive analytics into MPCC for anticipatory path selection. ML algorithms could analyze historical data to predict changes in path characteristics, enabling MPCC to make proactive decisions for optimal performance. This forward-looking approach aims to enhance decision-making in MPCC by leveraging predictive insights, potentially mitigating performance issues before they occur.  
The future of MPCC research with ML also encompasses enhancing security, improving explainability, and conducting extensive real-world evaluations. Researchers can explore ML applications for anomaly detection, adaptive security measures, and adversarial training to fortify MPCC against potential threats. Additionally, incorporating explainable AI features ensures transparency in MPCC decision-making. Real-world deployments and evaluations will be crucial to validate the effectiveness, scalability, and robustness of ML-based enhancements in diverse network environments.
## Materials and Methods
### Airborne Laser Scanning Data  
ALS data were acquired by Vermessung AVT ZT-GmbH, Imst, Austria ([[http://www.avt.at/home.html](http://www.avt.at/home.html)]([http://www.avt.at/home.html](http://www.avt.at/home.html))) in August 2011 using a double-scanner setup (LMS-QS60, RIEGL Laser Measurements Systems GmbH, Horn, Austria) mounted on a helicopter. Details of the sensor are discussed in [PERSON] et al. [65] and given in the technical sensor documentation provided by RIEGL [66]. Multiple returns were recorded for each emitted pulse and converted into a three-dimensional point cloud composed of planimetric coordinates (x and y) and ellipsoidal heights (z) [67]. The data cover an area of approximately 140 km\({}^{2}\) with an average point density of \(>\)5 pts/m\({}^{2}\). The point cloud was classified into ground, vegetation, water, and buildings using the TerraScan software ([[http://www.terrasolid.com/products/terrascappage.php](http://www.terrasolid.com/products/terrascappage.php)]([http://www.terrasolid.com/products/terrascappage.php](http://www.terrasolid.com/products/terrascappage.php))). Based on this classification, a digital terrain model (DTM) and a digital surface model (DSM) with a spatial resolution of 1 \(\times\) 1 m were processed using SCOP++ ([[http://photo.geo.tuwien.ac.at/software/scop/](http://photo.geo.tuwien.ac.at/software/scop/)]([http://photo.geo.tuwien.ac.at/software/scop/](http://photo.geo.tuwien.ac.at/software/scop/))). The canopy height model (CHM) with a spatial resolution of 1 \(\times\) 1 m was subsequently calculated by subtracting the DTM from the DSM (cf. [PERSON] et al. [68]). According to [PERSON] et al. [69], the pulse densities are high enough to enable accurate estimates of the actual canopy heights. A forest map was derived afterwards by applying a threshold to the CHM. The minimum tree height threshold was set to 3 m as utilized in the Swiss National Forest Inventory [70].
## 3 Energy Efficient Schemes for Green C-IoT
### Group-Oriented Transmission  
In order to reduce the cost caused by extra signaling overheads, multicasting is proposed as an effective manner for signaling distribution [8]. When multicasting transmission is adopted, the MTC devices are firstly grouped, which can provide the same IoT service or serve the same user, and then, identical control signaling can be provided to MTC devices belonging to the same groups.  
Compared to the traditional point-to-point unicasting transmission scheme, based on the broadcast nature of the wireless medium, multicasting endows the eNBs with the ability to simultaneously transmit identical signaling information to a group of MTC devices on the same resource block [64]. This transmission design can significantly reduce time latency and power consumption.
# Anomaly Detection in Blockchain Networks Using Unsupervised Learning: A Survey
## 8 Challenges and Future Directions
### Generative AI and Adversarial Attacks in Blockchain Anomaly Detection  
Anomaly detection techniques in blockchain systems confront a spectrum of threats. Malicious actors may manipulate transactions or introduce spurious data to deceive detection algorithms, jeopardizing system integrity. Additionally, the presence of fraudulent or misleading data within the blockchain can lead to inaccurate anomaly detection, impeding the identification of genuine anomalies. To tackle these threats, innovative mitigation strategies in the ongoing research efforts could concentrate in two directions, namely generative AI (GenAI) and adversarial learning (AL).
## 1 Introduction  
Wood is a natural and sustainable material that has been used in cheese production and ripening for centuries. In the ripening room, wooden boards help moderate hydride balance and serve as a reservoir for microflora important for cheese ripening. Through direct contact between the board and young cheeses, the board microflora contributes a diverse microbial ecosystem that eventually populates the chees' finds. Over the course of aging, this microbial ecosystem is a key contributor to the distinct color, texture, flavor and aroma of the final cheese product [1]. Previous studies have evaluated the effects of wood in the cheese-processing environment [2; 3] and established the ability of wood to provide permeability to air and moisture, which enhance microbial growth.  
_Listeria monocytogenes_ contamination is a serious concern in cheese production and has led to costly recalls and rare, but unfortunate, disease outbreaks [4; 5]. Wood, because of its porous nature, is presumed to be more difficult to clean than synthetic, smooth materials [1] and, hence, poses a greater risk for harboring pathogenic microflora such as _L. monocytogenes_. However, prior studies suggest that _L. monocytogenes_ contamination from wood boards is less likely than commonly assumed. For example, [PERSON] et al. [6; 7] demonstrated that with reasonable cleaning efforts, wooden cutting boards are unlikely to create undue risk of pathogen cross-contamination. In another study, [PERSON] et al. [8] found that heat treatment was effective in eliminating _L. monocytogenes_ from the surface of wooden cheese-ripening boards.  
Several previous studies have suggested that the resident indigenous microflora on food-contact surfaces can strongly influence the presence or growth of pathogens such as _L. monocytogenes_. Not surprisingly, the outcomes of these studies varied depending on the unique conditions of each experiment. [PERSON] et al. [9] analyzed the fate of multiple strains of _L. monocytogenes_ in the presence of native microflora from wooden cheese-ripening shelves. The authors concluded that the native microflora present on these boards inhibited the growth of _L. monocytogenes_, an effect that was eliminated when the microflora was inactivated by heat treatment. However, these authors did not further characterize which organisms were responsible for the inhibition of _L. monocytogenes_. In a separate approach, [PERSON]. [10] reported that some _Bacillus_ isolates inhibited _L. monocytogenes_ biofilm formation, whereas isolates of _Pseudomonas_ and _Flavobacterium_ allowed for the growth of _L. monocytogenes_ on stainless steel surfaces.  
In a recent study, our group characterized the indigenous bacterial communities present on wooden boards obtained from cheese-ripening facilities [11]. The purpose of the present study was to determine if broth cultures of these communities can inhibit the growth of _L. monocytogenes_ under laboratory conditions and then further characterize these inhibitory communities using a combination of 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and co-culturing methods.
## 3 Results and Discussion
### Membrane Surface Characterization
Figure 1: Comparison of the C 1\(s\) core level spectra obtained for Nafion112, Nafion112/BMIM\({}^{+}\) and Nafion112/TMPA\({}^{+}\) doped membranes. The normalized O 1\(s\) core level spectra of the studied membranes (see Figure 2) indicate that the incorporation of the IL cations produces a decrease of the relative intensity of the contributions at high binding energy due to oxygen from polyether chain. This is due to the covering effect of the IL cations. However, the relative intensity of the contributions at low binding energy (about 532.0 eV) derived from the presence of sulphonic groups is maintained. That is, polar IL cations interact with the hydrophilic part of the Nafion membrane. As indicated above, surface modification of the Nafion membranes associated with the incorporation of the IL-cation might also affect its hydrophobic character, which was determined by contact angle measurements. Table 3 shows average contact angle values obtained from measurements performed for both surfaces of the studied membranes. As can be observed practically, the same values were obtained for both ILs-doped membranes, which present more hydrophilic character than original Nafion112 sample, in agreement with XPS results.
# TinyGS vs. SatNOGS: A Comparative Analysis of Open-Source Satellite Ground Station Networks
## 5 Discussion
### Comparison of Support  
TinyGS and SatNOGS use two different supports. While SatNOGS uses Libre Space Community [26], TinyGS uses Telegram. This is where one can have questions answered, either by posting questions or by reading the answers to other similar questions. Regarding Telegram, there are three channels:  
* tinyGS Telemetry: Channel where the telemetry is placed, the satellite that sent the telemetry data, the stations that received it, as well as the demodulated and decoded data;
* TinyGS Personal Bot: Channel responsible for providing the MQTT credentials, observing the status of its stations, deleting a GS, and generating a link to access the web;
* tinyGS Community: This channel is divided into eleven topics. For example, there is \"General\" where one can type a general concern, another called \"Where to Buy\" where one can find links to components used or suggested by other people in the community, and \"Technical Problems\" which addresses technical problems.  
In the Libre Space Community, if one wants to clear up any doubts related to the SatNOGS project, select the \"SatNOGS\" category, and within it there are two subcategories: \"Hardware\" and \"Software\". The choice will depend on the type of issue one has.  
When comparing the two support options, on a personal level, SatNOGS has a more organized system, as each question is a topic. This facilitates the search and does not force one to read other questions that do not interest them. Regarding the speed of response, in both projects, the responses are given relatively quickly (most on the same day) by the organizers or by other members of the community. Finally, and regarding which support is the most practical one, the author would say TinyGS, since Telegram is a more practical tool.
# Sentiment Analysis of Students' Feedback with NLP and Deep Learning: A Systematic Mapping Study
## 7 Potential Threats to Validity  
There are several aspects that need to be taken into account when assessing this systematic mapping study as they can potentially limit the validity of the findings. These aspects include the following:  
* The study includes papers collected from a set of digital databases, and thus we might have missed some relevant papers due to them not being properly indexed in those databases or having been indexed in other digital libraries;
* The search strategy was designed to search for papers using terms appearing in keywords, titles, and abstracts, and due to this, we may have failed to locate some relevant articles;
* Only papers that were written in English were selected in this study, and therefore some relevant papers that are written in other languages might have been excluded;
* The study relies on peer-reviewed journals and conferences and excludes scientific studies that are not peer-reviewed--i.e., book chapters and books. Furthermore, a few studies that conducted a systematic literature review were excluded as they would not provide reliable information for our research study;
* Screening based on the title, abstract, and keyword of papers was conducted at stage 2 to include the relevant studies. There are a few cases in which the relevance of an article cannot be judged by screening these three dimensions (title, abstract, keyword) and instead a full paper screening is needed; thus, it is possible that we might have excluded some papers with valid content due to this issue.