## 3 Results and Discussion
#### 3.1.1 Intelligent Homes
Other proposals include a monitoring system using LiFi technology to transmit a patient's vital information [45]; an autonomous alerting system to address the impracticality of manual operation during emergencies [46]; a system to enhance the utilization of sensors to monitor the real-time movement and health status of the elderly, both within their homes and outside [47]; a health monitoring system using a single millimeter-wave radar on the ceiling to accurately estimate posture and detect the heart rate with high accuracy [48]; a multi-tier remote health monitoring system designed for smart cities [49]; the RO-SmartAgeing system, which utilizes Internet of Things (IoT) devices and cloud computing to monitor the health of elderly individuals in their homes remotely [50]; a sensor system that was used to monitor sleep metrics in 30 older adults [51]; a comprehensive solution for the monitoring of falls and the post-fall health status [52]; and a novel approach utilizing ultrawideband (UWB) radar within an Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) framework for the remote monitoring of vital signs and fall detection among elderly individuals. This system aims to enhance telehealth services tailored to elderly care [53]. Others include a wearable health monitoring device using ZigBee wireless networks to measure the ECG, respiration, pulse wave, and bioimpedance. It provides stable transmission and continuous operation for over a day [54]. Another e-health system is aimed at tracking the health and activities of elderly and disabled individuals by utilizing real-time data from inertial, ECG, and video sensors [55]. A fall detection system with artificial intelligence and IoT health monitoring has also been proposed [56], as well as a smart medicine reminder kit with various features, like phone call reminders, health monitoring, and user-friendly interfaces, which is proposed to improve medication adherence and patient safety [57]. Others include Helena, a health and sleep nursing assistant [58], and a physical health monitoring system (PHMS) tailored to the elderly's needs [59]. Another study [60] presents a mining approach to monitor geriatric health through sensors and devices; finally, a system for non-invasive heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) monitoring has been developed [61]. Regarding IoT-based systems, [PERSON] and colleagues created a system incorporating vital sign sensors into a glove, paired with a mobile application [62]. Other proposals include an initial wearable prototype for the health monitoring of elderly individuals [63] and a technique called the \"Internet of Things-Enabled Data Transmission Privacy Recognition Algorithm (IoT-DTPRA)\" that addresses privacy and ethical concerns associated with constant surveillance. It uses advanced sensors in wearable devices for real-time activity tracking and has been validated through simulations in realistic and simulated environments [64]. Another significant development is the creation of a system to bridge the gap caused by distance and the shortage of medical professionals in rural areas, enabling the remote monitoring of patients' health conditions [65]. Others have proposed a concept for the utilization of wearable devices as health monitoring observers with a three-layer architecture: sensors, integration and association, and application and diagnostics [66]. A remote monitoring system for falls using the Internet of Things and six-axis acceleration sensors has been proposed [67], as well as the design of an accurate fall detection network with deep learning methods [68]. [PERSON] et al. presented an IoT-based healthcare system for domiciliary hospitalization that can wirelessly monitor and classify patients' statuses [69]. Others have integrated artificial intelligence technology into a secure healthcare monitoring system to prioritize patient health parameters collected from sensor nodes, ensuring reliable, accurate, and real-time patient monitoring [70]. [PERSON] et al.