# A Dependable Localization Algorithm for Survivable Belt-Type Sensor Networks
## 1 Introduction  
Security has become a major challenge for Internet of Things (IoT) research. It cannot be ignored in massive IoT applications as well. With the rapid expansion of the IoT, a variety of different wireless communication technologies and network structures are constantly integrating, including Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), RFID, mobile vehicular networks, mobile networks, 4G communication networks, WiMAX and cable broadband, etc. Meanwhile, the network communication environment is becoming more and more complicated. Compared with existing wireless networks, security issues such as reliable relationships between entities and positioning will be more difficult in the IoT [1]. These problems cannot be solved simply through existing network security solutions. In various objects and all kinds of network communication scenarios, how to ensure the reliability of information resources, the stability of information transmission and the security of information space have become important and urgent problems. As an important component of the IoT, belt-type sensor networks are widely used in ribbon-like monitoring areas such as rivers, highways, tracks, bridges, pipelines and the industry fields. It is indeed a special IoT branch that can provide information exchange between items in a ribbon area. Due to theterrain and surrounding environments, the topology of the belt-type sensor network presents a narrow, elongated strip as a whole. In this type of network, a large number of nodes with limited resources are often deployed in one-dimensional or approximate one-dimensional linear spaces. Information transmission can only be carried out along a few paths, with a certain direction. The communication range of each node in the sensor networks cannot be covered by the gateway node. Therefore, the node which is far away from the target needs to transmit data in a multi-hop way. More seriously, belt-type sensor networks have an open nature which is particularly vulnerable to all kinds of attacks. When it comes to widespread applications, security issues cannot be ignored. Location is a crucial parameter in the belt-type sensor network. Normally, the data itself is meaningless if it contains no corresponding location information. In order to ensure effective interconnection among individuals within the network coverage, the data should be located. Especially when a sensor node detects an emergency, its location information should be quickly and accurately identifiable [1; 2]. Node location information is critical to the effectiveness of sensor networks applications. As the core support of the IoT, secure location technology is receiving more and more attention. In such a situation, designing a dependable localization algorithm for survivable belt-type sensor networks is a realistic challenge. It is also a meaningful work to improve the next-generation wireless technologies for the IoT [3]. The security location algorithm based on the non-ranging method is a research hotspot, which usually use the estimated distances between nodes to calculate the position [4]. At present, there are more research results for sensor networks deployment strategy in open and flat environments [5; 6; 7; 8; 9; 10; 11]. For an ideal environment without malicious interference, most algorithms can achieve good positioning performance. However, as the technology is constantly updated and the application scenes become more complicated, it is clear that the existing algorithms cannot maintain the capacity, especially for the situation which requires a higher security level. In recent years, there have been many studies and reports on sensor network positioning [12; 13; 14; 15; 16; 17; 18; 19; 20]. Numerous non-ranging algorithms are only available for simple environments without complex disturbances. As a kind of classical non-ranging positioning algorithm, the Distance Vector Hop (DV-Hop) algorithm has been widely used and studied in depth for node location [1; 5; 21].