## 3 Research Results and Their Analysis
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Sedimentation Time**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Concentration of Flokor 1.2A Flocculant in an Algal Suspension with an Initial**} \\ \cline{2-3}  & 0.09 g/L & 0.12 g/L & 0.20 g/L & 0.28 g/L \\ \hline \hline
15 min & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: _Cont._where \(C_{a,0}\) denotes initial concentration of algae suspension, and \(C_{a,1}\) represents the local concentration of algae at a specific time. Example values of algae harvesting efficiency are presented in Figure 7b. The data show that harvesting efficiency varied over time. The highest values, ranging from 52.6% to 71.7%, were observed at the highest initial algae concentrations of 0.960 and 1.740 g/L. In contrast, at lower initial concentrations (0.375-0.615 g/L), no significant impact of the initial suspension concentration on harvesting efficiency was observed. A significantly higher process efficiency was achieved during sedimentation in the presence of the Flokor 1.2A. The data in Table 3, which show changes in suspension turbidity over time for an initial algae concentration of 0.615 g/L, indicate that even a small dose of flocculant (0.09 g/L) facilitated algae floc formation, improving their removal from the water. Increasing the flocculant concentration to 0.09-0.28 g/L further enhanced algae removal, achieving 58-73% efficiency within 15 min. Extended process durations led to even higher efficiency, as shown in Figure 8.  
The quantitative analysis of changes in algae concentration in the supernatant (Figure 8) during sedimentation with flocculant assistance reveals a significant influence of  
Figure 8: Changes in the concentration of _Chorella vulgaris_ BA-167 during sedimentation assisted by Flokor 1.2A (**a,c**) and process efficiency (**b,d**). both the initial algae concentration (0.615 g/L and 0.960 g/L) and the flocculant concentration on the sedimentation efficiency. The changes in algae concentration during sedimentation for both suspensions were primarily influenced by the flocculant concentration, with variations in this parameter significantly affecting the final algae concentration in the clarified liquid. However, it is important to note that exceeding the optimal coagulant dose does not enhance the process efficiency and may even reduce it. This decrease in efficiency occurs because an excess of coagulant leads to the formation of a stable colloidal system in the treated medium, where the electric charge of the excess coagulant neutralizes the charge of the particles. The greatest reductions in efficiency were observed at flocculant concentrations of 0.12 g/L for an initial algae concentration of 0.615 g/L and 0.17 g/L for 0.960 g/L. At other flocculant concentrations, harvesting efficiency was lower, as shown in Figure 8b,d. The maximum harvesting efficiencies achieved were 83.2% for a suspension with 0.615 g/L and 92.9% for 0.960 g/L, representing a 2.02-2.53-fold improvement over autofloculation conditions. This study demonstrates significantly higher algae harvesting efficiencies with Flokor 1.2A compared to autofloculation and natural flocculants. [PERSON] et al. [31] reported efficiencies exceeding 90% using chitosan (0.25 g/L) and aluminum sulfate (2.5 g/L) at an initial algae concentration of 1.2 g/L and pH 9.5. Chitosan was notably more efficient than aluminum sulfate, achieving similar recovery rates at a 10-fold lower concentration. Flookor 1.2A surpassed these results, achieving >90% efficiency at just 0.17 g/L, underscoring its superior performance and reduced dosage requirements. This highlights Flokor 1.2A's potential to outperform both natural and conventional flocculants while requiring reduced dosages, making it a more efficient and economical option. Our previous studies showed that natural flocculants, such as inulin, yielded lower efficiencies (24-36%), with the maximum observed at 0.08 g/L. However, at concentrations above 0.06 g/L, flocs floated, reducing sedimentation effectiveness.