## 4 Results and Discussion
### Cool Roofs  
Surface temperatures measured by a thermal imaging camera were compared between experimental and control sites with slab (R'-1 and R-1, respectively) and panel (R'-2 and R-2) roofs.  
The slab roof results are shown in Figure 7. The maximum temperature difference between the experimental and control sites was 22.9 \({}^{\circ}\)C; the average temperature of the cool roof sites was 15.5 \({}^{\circ}\)C lower than the average temperature of the control sites. Temperature differences between experimental and control sites were lower in the morning, when air temperatures were generally lower; however, there was a statistically significant difference in daytime temperatures. The maximum indoor air temperature difference between experimental and control sites was 3.4 \({}^{\circ}\)C; the average temperature of the cool roof sites was 2.7 \({}^{\circ}\)C lower than the average temperature of the control sites. There were non-significant differences in atmospheric temperature between experimental and control sites, although indoor sites had non-uniform atmospheric temperatures because those sites were located in residential homes.  
The panel roof results are shown in Figure 8. The maximum temperature difference between the experimental and control sites was 16.9 \({}^{\circ}\)C; the average temperature of the cool roof sites was 11.6 \({}^{\circ}\)C lower than the average temperature of the control sites. The maximum indoor air temperature difference between the experimental and control sites was 0.3 \({}^{\circ}\)C; the average temperature of the cool roof sites was 0.9 \({}^{\circ}\)C lower than the average temperature of the control sites.  
Thus, surface temperatures decreased after cool roofs were installed; however, indoor air temperatures did not significantly change. As a result of environmental factors such as air temperature and ambient longwave radiation, quantitative infrared thermography  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l l} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Category**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Survey Questions**} \\ \cline{2-3}  & **Cool Roof** & **Cool Payement** \\ \hline
1. General information & - Residence time/range & - Hours of use \\  & - House/roof type & - Timing of use \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{2. Opinions} & - Need for climate change mitigation & - Need for climate change mitigation \\  & - Awareness of facility & - Awareness of facility \\  & - Interest in cool roof installation & - Interest in cool pavement installation \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{3. Perception of effects} & - Perceived room temperature change & - Perceived road temperature change \\  & - Perceived reduction in air conditioner use & - Perceived reduction in heatstroke \\  & - Perception of sleep disorder alleviation & - Perception of reduced inconvenience \\  & - Perceived reduction in heatwave damage & - Perceived reduction in heatwave damage \\ \hline
4. Satisfaction & - Satisfaction with temperature reduction & - Satisfaction with temperature reduction \\  & - Overall satisfaction & - Overall satisfaction \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 4: User satisfaction survey conducted after the installation of heatwave mitigation technology.  
may be prone to inaccuracies. Thus, more reliable results could be expected by measuring continuous data cumulatively at more points in future research.