# Examining Memory Performance in Senior Adults:
## 3 Results  
Table 1 shows the descriptive analyses of the sociodemographic variables included in this study. Table 2 collects the mean values and standard deviations for each of the tests used. With respect to the dataset's internal consistency, the calculated value of [PERSON]'s alpha coefficient for the MoCA test was \(\alpha_{C}=0.84\) and that of GDS-15 was \(\alpha_{C}=0.845\), suggesting a high degree of internal consistency in both tests [22]. The existence of correlations between GDS-15 score, MFE-28 and types of memory recall was tested for the entire sample, revealing negative correlations between uncued recall and both tests (\(p<0.001\)). In addition, there exist significant correlations between the MIS total score, and MFE-28 and GDS-15 (\(p<0.001\)). No significant correlations were found in the recall scores with categorical cue and multiple-choice recall. Specifically, in cue-free recall, there are significantly moderate correlations with MFE-28 (\(r=-0.382\), \(p<0.001\)) and GDS-15 (\(r=-0.307\), \(p=.008\)). These correlations indicate that lower uncued recall is associated with a higher number of subjective memory complaints and more pronounced symptoms of geriatric depression. As for total MIS scores, correlations are found with MFE-28 (\(r=-0.451\), \(p<0.001\)) and GDS-15 (\(r=-0.331\), \(p=0.004\)). These correlations suggest that a lower MIS score is associated with a higher number of subjective memory complaints and more pronounced symptoms of geriatric depression. MFE-28 shows a moderately strong significant correlation with GDS-15 (\(r=0.496\), \(p<0.001\)) and a significantly inverse strong correlation with the MoCA (\(r=-0.540\), \(p<0.001\)). This indicates that a higher number of subjective memory complaints is associated with more pronounced symptoms of geriatric depression and worse performance on cognitive evaluation. Finally, GDS-15 shows a significant correlation with MoCA (\(r=-0.409\), \(p<0.001\)). This suggests that more pronounced symptoms of geriatric depression are associated with worse performance on cognitive assessment. As for sociodemographic variables, there is a significant negative correlation between age and MoCA (\(r=-0.667\), \(p<0.001\)) indicating that as age increases, MoCA scores tend to decrease. On the other hand, age correlates positively with MFE-28 (\(r=0.422\), \(p<0.001\)), that is, as age increases, subjective memory complaints also increase. There is also a significantly positive correlation between educational level and MoCA (\(r=0.505\), \(p<0.001\)), while there is a significantly negative correlation with GDS-15 (\(r=-0.359\), \(p<0.001\)), suggesting that the higher the educational level, the less depressive symptomatology is reported (cf. Table 3). No correlations were found for marital status or for whether participants live alone or accompanied. A normality analysis was also performed by means of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, to check the type of distribution of the variables analysed. The variables analysed had a non-normal distribution, so non-parametric statistical tests were utilised for hypothesis testing. Contrast tests for analysis of variance were carried out by studying the difference in means between study groups for the results of MIS, types of recall and scores obtained in MFE-28. The means of these two tests are represented for each of the study groups in Figure 1. Significant differences between the four groups were found using the Kruskal Wallis test for independent samples on the variables in the case of recall without cue (\(p=0.000\)), MIS (\(p=0.001\)), MFE-28 (\(p=0.002\)), and Lawton (\(p=0.000\)). Recall with categorical cues and multiple choice did not differ significantly among groups. In order to identify the groups in which means differed significantly, the Mann-Whitney U test for two independent samples was applied between the combinations of the four groups (cf. Figure 2).