# IoT-Based Solid Waste Management Solutions: A Survey
## 3 Solid Waste Management  
Several published papers cover different aspects of IoT technology for waste management solutions. For example, in Reference [35], the authors present a solution that, through intelligent monitoring, allows the planning of garbage collection. Through a Smart-M3 platform (extension of cross-domain search for triple-based information), it is possible to interoperate applications from different domains of information and communication, and to bring a great ease of implementation. The solution is developed in two phases: the first is a monitoring phase where the levels of waste inside the compartments are constantly measured, transmitted and stored; the second is a phasein which the calculation of the collected information is applied to optimize the waste collection routes. In Reference [36], the authors address a dynamic waste management model through a set of infrastructure services for Smart Cities based on IoT. With the use of sensors, radiofrequency (RFID) and actuators in the process of monitoring identification, this set is divided into three phases: (i) Planning and execution of waste collection using solutions of routing in trucks with dynamic adaptation of routes according to restrictions introduced; (ii) transport to a specific place according to the type of waste; and (iii) recycling of waste that can be reused. However, it was basically used in the first one that deals with the planning and collection of waste. The dynamic term presents the capacity of the system to adapt in real time to the parameters and the plans that interest the collection of residues during the activity. These works provide a macro view of a waste management infrastructure with emphasis on the processes applied on excellence management of waste without entering the merit of the sensors applied for monitoring and the used communication methods. The authors of [37] provide a solution identified as cloud-based smart waste management (Cloud SWAM). It addresses a solution with specific containers for each type of waste (organic, plastic, bottles, and metal) equipped with sensors that constantly monitor and update their status to the cloud, where stakeholders are connected to receive information relevant to their interest. The system acts not only in waste management but also in the decision of the best collection route, tracing a more economical path within the metropole. Moreover, in Reference [38], a new management model that specifically focuses on the discovery of better areas for the construction of landfills is introduced. As landfills are used as the final destination of commercial and industrial residential waste, identifying an appropriate location within large urban areas requires special attention, because there should be concern about the economy, the environment, and public health. The solution uses the information collected by the waste management system associated to a language that uses a genetic algorithm that assists in the selection of suitable land for the construction of landfills. In Reference [39], the authors describe the various methods of waste disposal in which waste management can be applied. They feature an integrated solution of fill level sensors with solar-powered waste compaction called a smart box, which optimizes waste collection. The information is transferred to a server in the cloud via wireless communication and is applicable to any type and size of container, and stakeholders can log in to the server and access the data in real time through monitoring of the smart boxes. In these addressed solutions, the authors present a more targeted approach to the concessionaires, taking into account the reduction of collection costs, providing information about the waste of interest, and lower transportation costs for disposal in landfills to the real problem faced by large companies. Cities refer to poor management of too much waste generated. Additionally, the proposed architectures are not well portrayed.