## 5 Conclusions  
The analysis involved processing reflectivity measurements and comparing them with non-destructive techniques, such as the Schmidt hammer. This was performedto confirm the suitability of laser scanning not only for creating morphological and topographical reconstructions but also for zoning the rock geomechanical conditions. It is evident that the application of laser technology to the analysis of the shear behavior of discontinuities provides a substantial contribution to determining Barton parameters useful in detecting the strength of surfaces of discontinuities. The results of this research, therefore, have immediate practical implications for evaluating the in situ shear strength of discontinuities. With traditional techniques, the only option available for operators is to create a scan line at the base of the cliff, thereby significantly restricting the evaluation of the entire rock face. Variations in properties along the rock face, at different heights, are usually assessed through rough and qualitative methods. The dense acquisition of metric information through laser scans enables the assessment of multiple parameters (e.g., \(JCR\) and \(JCS\)), in contrast to traditional surveying techniques that necessitate a priori geometric and formal schematization and hierarchization. This establishes an initial interpretative model of space and serves as a guide in selecting the characteristic information to be acquired. The information density achievable through laser scanning allows for a continuous description of the geometry of the surveyed environmental portion. In this research, it has been demonstrated how a simple 3D laser scanner can provide various information about the condition of the discontinuities. Through geometric processing of the acquired coordinates, which are numerous (approximately \(10^{6}\) points) on the surface of the discontinuity, it is possible to obtain roughness profiles in any direction and across the entire extent of the discontinuity. Consequently, the textural anisotropy can be reconstructed, particularly in the directions of kinematically possible sliding or, more generally, on surfaces of design interest. This effectively overcomes the limitations of \(JRC\) assessment through profilometer evaluation. Moreover, the overall results suggest that laser scanning could be a valuable method for quickly and accurately quantifying the alteration state of natural outcrops such as cliffs, slopes, or natural and artificial stone walls. The laser scanner, through reflectance measurement, can provide quantitative assessments of the surface alteration phenomenon by measuring the reflectance of the surfaces of individual grains that make up the rock. Consequently, concerning the surface weathering state of the material, it exhibits much greater sensitivity than that achievable with the Schmidt hammer. This heightened sensitivity is attributed not only to the fact that reflectance measurement is carried out on much smaller surfaces than the impact area of the Schmidt hammer's piston but also because the rebound value of the hammer is influenced by the potential disconnection of small material portions in the volume surrounding the impact surface. The results suggest that the laser scanner technique could be a useful tool for quantifying the state of alteration and, consequently, the strength of rock materials in a rapid and non-destructive manner, even over large areas, leading to a geomechanical zonation of the rock mass. Naturally, in every investigation, it will be necessary to establish the linear correlation between the values of the Schmidt hammer (\(r\)) and the reflectivity values (\(I\)) for each lithotype and rock mass studied. The instrument can be statistically validated when data correlating lithotype and alteration degree to rebound values are obtained without the measurement with the Schmidt hammer, as linear correlations valid for each class of lithotypes subjected to different degrees of alteration will be identified. Conceptualization, M.Z. and A.N.