## 3 Results and Discussion
### The Organic Compounds Found in Crops
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Absorption Band (cm\({}^{-1}\))**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Band**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Reference**} \\ \hline
**Wheat Leaves** & **Sunflower Leaves** & **Assignment 1** & **Reference** \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{-} & \multirow{4}{*}{1240} & amine III _v(C-N); v(N-H)_: proteins & 1239 cm\({}^{-1}\)_v(C-N); v(N-H)_[104] \\  & & _v(C-OH)_: carboxylic acid & 1235 cm\({}^{-1}\)_v(C-N); v(N-H)_[106] \\  & & _v(C-F): alkyl fluoride_ & 1210-1320 cm\({}^{-1}\)_v(C-OH)_[103] \\  & & _v(S-O)_: sulfoxide & 1000-1400 cm\({}^{-1}\)_v(C-F)_[103] \\  & & _v(C-O)_: \(\beta\)_(CH): polysaccharides, xyloglucans & 1030–1372 cm\({}^{-1}\)_v(S-N)_[103] \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{1033} & \multirow{4}{*}{1025} & _v(C-O); \(\beta\)(CH)_: polysaccharides, xyloglucans & 1035 cm\({}^{-1}\)_v(C-N); v(106) \\  & & _v(C-N): amine I, II, III_ & 1020-1200 cm\({}^{-1}\)_v(C-N)_[103,104] \\  & & _v(C-S)_: thiokstone & 1000–1250 cm\({}^{-1}\)_v(C-N)_[103] \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{784} & \multirow{4}{*}{-} & _v(\(\beta\)-(C-N-H): amine I, II_ & 660–900 cm\({}^{-1}\)_g(C-N)-H)_[103] \\  & & _v(C-H)_: phenols & 680–860 cm\({}^{-1}\)_g(C-H)_[103] \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{-} & \multirow{4}{*}{535} & _v(C-I), v(C-Br)_: alkyl iodide and alkyl & 500–600 cm\({}^{-1}\)_v(C-L)_[103] \\  & & bromide & 515–690 cm\({}^{-1}\)_v(C-Br)_[103] \\ \hline \end{tabular}  
* \({}^{1}\)\(\
u\)—Stretching vibration, \(\
u_{\alpha\beta\alpha}\)—asymmetric/symmetric stretching vibration, and \(\beta\)—bending vibration.  
\end{table} 
Table 14: _Cont._  
Figure 10: ATR-FTIR characteristic spectra of (**a**) wheat and (**b**) sunflower leaves. structure and the stretching vibrations of C-OH groups in carboxylic acid and phenols. These peaks were observed in the ATR-FTIR spectrum at wave numbers 1317 cm\({}^{-1}\) and 1322 cm\({}^{-1}\). The absorption band at 1374 cm\({}^{-1}\) is attributed to the deformation vibration of CH and H\({}_{2}\)C-H groups found in hemicellulose, xyloglucans, alkanes, phenols, and aliphatic structures. These clusters were detected at 1380-1350 cm\({}^{-1}\) and 1371 cm\({}^{-1}\)[105; 103]. The region spanning from 1240 to 1033 cm\({}^{-1}\) is indicative of polysaccharides, xyloglucans, and primary, secondary, and tertiary amines. The absorption bands in this range are associated with the stretching vibrations of the C-N, N-H, and C-O groups, as well as the deformation vibrations of the OH group within their structure [104; 106]. Of particular note are the highly intense peaks at 1033 cm\({}^{-1}\) in the wheat leaf spectrum and at 1025 cm\({}^{-1}\) in the sunflower leaf spectrum. Amines I and II, along with phenols, are identified in the spectrum obtained from wheat leaves by the average intensity peak at wave number 784 cm\({}^{-1}\), which is associated with the deformation vibration of C-N-H and C-H groups. The presence of these groups is noted in the range of 900-660 cm\({}^{-1}\) and 860-680 cm\({}^{-1}\)[103]. Furthermore, the peak at wave number 535 cm\({}^{-1}\), exclusive to the spectrum of sunflower leaves, is indicative of the stretching vibrations of the C-I and C-Br groups found in the alkyls within the plant's structure. In Figure 11, Appendix A, SEM micrographs (5000x), SEM-EDX spectra and elemental mapping of wheat and corn caryopsis, as well as sunflower achenes from various locations including TUL and SEN in GL County and VAD in BR County are presented. The micrographs depict the structural units of the plant tissues (membranes and cell walls) as well as organic compounds (lipids, starch, and proteins). Additionally, Table 11 (Appendix A), along with the EDX spectra and elemental distribution, revealed the presence of a number of 23 macro-, micro-, and trace elements in the grains and achenes, similar to those found in the soil. These findings underscore the strong relationship between soil mineralogy and plant composition.