## 3 Description of the Test Stands  
### SAC Method  
The rules for the measurement of electromagnetic emissions are subject to strict guidelines as laid out in EN 55016-2-3 [21]. These are a consequence of the need to obtain representative, repeatable measurement results. Measurements to determine the level of disturbance emissions require the use of a certified set of apparatuses. The requirements are specified in EN 55016-1-1 [24] and EN 55016-1-4 [25]. For the measurement of conducted and radiated disturbance emissions, the minimum laboratory equipment required is an anechoic chamber equipped with appropriate technical infrastructure, a measurement receiver,  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c} \hline \hline
**Frequency Range** & **Limits, Quasi—Peak** \\
**MHz** & **dB\(\mu\)V/m** \\ \hline
30 to 230 & 40 \\
230 to 300 & 47 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 1: Radiated disturbance limits in the frequency range 30 to 300 MHz for a measurement distance of 3 m for the SAC method.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c} \hline \hline
**SAC Method** & **CDNE Method** \\ \hline The electrical component of the disturbance & The disturbance voltage is measured at the \\ field strength, expressed in dB\(\mu\)V/m, is & supply terminals, which is expressed in dB\(\mu\)V. \\ measured. & Anechoic chamber is not required. \\ \hline It is time-consuming. The measurement takes & It is a fast method. The measurement takes \\ several tens of minutes. & several minutes. \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 3: Comparison of the SAC and CDNE methods.  
a set of antennas, artificial networks, and structured cabling. In order to obtain meaningful, reliable measurement results, all test bench equipment must have appropriate calibration certificates issued by independent, notified bodies. This makes it possible to isolate the test object and test setup from the influence of the external electromagnetic environment.  
Tests using the SAC method were carried out in a 3M anechoic chamber from TDK, a certified Seibersdorf laboratory from Austria. The chamber was equipped with a DS2000S1t-H300 rotary table and an MA 4000-NS mast from INNCO. A setup consisting of an HK116 antenna and an ESU26 measuring receiver from Rohde & Schwarz controlled by the EMC32 software package was used to measure the disturbance emissions. The EMC32 package enables automation of the measurement process and allows all nonlinearities and attenuations in the measurement path, i.e., from the antenna to the input of the measurement receiver, to be taken into account.  
The LED lamp under test was placed on a table 0.8 m high and powered, as recommended in the standard [6], via [PERSON]'s CDN M2 artificial network. During the measurements, the RF measuring circuit of the network was shunted with an impedance of 50 \(\Omega\). The LED lamp under test and the CDN artificial network were supplied with 230 V AC via high-efficiency interference suppression filters (Figure 1). The socket in which the test lamp was fitted was connected to the CDN with a 1.5 m twin-core cable. The LED lamp under test was placed at a distance of 3 m from the HK116 measurement antenna. During testing, the LED lamp table was rotated in 45\({}^{\circ}\) increments for a full 360\({}^{\circ}\) rotation around its vertical axis. For each table position, emission levels were measured for the vertical and horizontal positions of the antenna. During the measurements, the antenna position changed from 1 to 4 m with a step of 0.5 m.