## 5 BIM-Enabled Asset Information Delivery Process
However, not all virtual objects are relevant for FM, and not all assets relevant for FM are necessarily modeled using virtual objects during design. For this reason, a spreadsheet called Object List (Figure 7) was provided as a means to ensure that all assets that will be tracked by owners in a post-construction setting have their digital representation in the model. Figure 6: Schematic representation of the asset information delivery process in BIM. Legend: (**a**) Definition of the information requirements (BIM requirements). (**b**) Model development observing BIM requirements (creation of digital assets in BIM). (**c**) Validation of the asset information in BIM (compliance with BIM requirements). (**d**) Model updates based on design changes during construction. (**e**) Data extraction from design models into an external database (creation of an asset registry). (**f**) Association of asset information from construction phase with respective digital assets in the external database. (**g**) Validation of the asset information in the external database. (**h**) Asset information upload into FM systems. Once the design team has the information about which virtual objects are used to represent the required assets for FM, the crucial pieces of information for each asset have to be defined. All of the asset information that could be conveyed through alphanumeric parameters (semantic information) was defined in a spreadsheet called Data and Geometry Specification (DGS). Figure 8 shows an example of the DGS spreadsheet with some of the required fields of semantic information for the Revit category 'Doors'. This spreadsheet predefined the minimum asset information requirements for objects on a per category basis. It was also used to define how the information should be provided (i.e., parameter type and data type), and when the information should be made available in the model (i.e., phase and percentage completed). A separate tab of asset information requirements was provided for the information to be collected at that construction phase. Since some geometric information, such as the shape of an object, cannot be efficiently described through alphanumeric parameters, geometric requirements were defined using the LoD matrix concept (Figure 9), which was adopted following the BIMForum Level of Development Specification guidelines [56]. Figure 8: Screenshot of DGS with examples of data parameters required for the Revit category ’Doors’. Figure 7: Partial screenshot of the Object List spreadsheet showing the required pieces of equipment to be tracked in BIM, their code, description, author, Revit category, discipline and name requirements. * _Model development observing BIM requirements (Creation of a digital asset in BIM)_  
In this step, the digital versions of the assets are created as objects in a BIM environment. Regardless of the BIM requirements for FM, this step is an intrinsic part of any project authored in BIM. Whenever an object is placed in a model, some information is automatically generated and associated with this object as a consequence of the parametric nature of BIM authoring tools. Location, classification, identification, geometry, and relational information are examples of types of information generated when a virtual object is placed in a model. What differentiates this step in an FM-oriented BIM process is the observation of certain rules by the design team to ensure that the asset data can be later extracted from the models by other teams without losing data quality. These rules were described in both the modeling requirements established in the OSR and the modeling strategies defined in the BEP. The modeling requirements specified rules to be followed during the creation of content using the BIM authoring tool (Revit). The modeling strategies stipulated how the designers would coordinate the collaboration between different models for each discipline.