## 3 Studies on Enzyme-Assisted Extraction of Metabolites from Natural Materials
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Natural Material**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Target 1**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Optimized Conditions**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Extraction Effects and Yields**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Ref.**} \\  & & **of Enzymolysis** & & **in Optimal Conditions** \\  & & **and Extraction** & & **conditions** \\ \hline \multicolumn{5}{c}{Proteins} \\ \hline \multirow{5}{*}{_Olea europana_ L. (Oleaceae) \
\begin{tabular}{c} \\ \end{tabular} } & \multicolumn{2}{c}{Enzymolysis:} & \multirow{5}{*}{Total protein amount} \\  & & Cellulase (Cellulcast 1.5 L) & 1.87–6.64 mg/g. \\  & & Enzyme concentration \% (\
u/v) & These contents were higher \\  & & pH 5.0 & (ca. 2–3 times) than those \\  & & Temp. 55 \({}^{\circ}\)C & found using other \\  & & Time 15 min & extraction protocols \\  & & 30\% acetonitrile & \\ \hline \multirow{5}{*}{_Sesanum indicum_ L. (Pedaliaceae) \begin{tabular}{c} \\ \end{tabular} } & \multicolumn{2}{c}{Enzymolysis:} & \multirow{5}{*}{[12]} \\  & & Alcalase 1.94 AU/100 g \\  & & enzyme concentration & \\  & & microwave extractor & \\  & & Temp. 49 \({}^{\circ}\)C & Protein yield 76.6\% \\  & & Time 98 min & (higher than without \\  & & pH 9.8 & enzyme pretreatment) \\  & & Alkaline extraction: & \\  & & pH 9.5 & \\  & & Temp. 45 \({}^{\circ}\)C & \\  & & Time 30 min & \\ \hline \multirow{5}{*}{_Sesanum indicum_ L. (Pedaliaceae) \begin{tabular}{c} \\ \end{tabular} } & \multirow{5}{*}{Protein} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{Viscozyme 4\%} & Yield of protein 56\% \\  & & Temp. 53 \({}^{\circ}\)C & (dry weight basis), \\  & & pH 6.2, & recovery of 28\% (increased in \\  & & Time 2 h & comparison to the sample with \\  & & & no enzymatic pretreatment) \\ \hline \multicolumn{5}{c}{Essential oil} \\ \hline \multirow{5}{*}{_Ctrus sinensis_ [PERSON]. [PERSON] \begin{tabular}{c} \\ (Rutaceae) \\ \end{tabular} } & \multicolumn{2}{c}{Enzymolysis:} & \multirow{5}{*}{[89]} \\  & & Viscozyme L 3.9 mL/100 g \\  & & Solvent-to-sample ratio & \\  & & 4.0 (mL/g) & Yield \\  & & Time 3.8 h & 46.31 \(\pm\) 0.32 mL/kg \\  & & Temp. 55 \({}^{\circ}\)C & \\  & & pH 5.5 & \\ \hline \multirow{5}{*}{_Forsythia suspensa_ (Thumb.) \
\begin{tabular}{c} \\ Vahl (Oleaceae) \\ fruit \\ \end{tabular} } & \multicolumn{2}{c}{Enzymolysis:} & \multirow{5}{*}{[60]} \\  & & Cellulase concentration 0.5\% (\omega/w) & \\  & & Sample-to-liquid ratio 1:10 & \\  & & Time 25 min & Yield 3.27\% \\  & & Temp. 40 \({}^{\circ}\)C & (increased by 39.15–45.33\%) & \\  & & pH 5.0 & \\  & & Irradiation power 500 W & \\ \hline \multicolumn{5}{c}{Enzymolysis:} & \multirow{5}{*}{[13]} \\  & & Cellulase & Improved \\  & & (10 mg/100 g) & essential oil yield (by 33.3-44.2\%) \\  & & & \\  & & fatty acid profiles, & Time 1 h & and its main component finalool \\  & & Temp. 40 \({}^{\circ}\)C & increased amount of \\  & & Hydrodistillation & oxygenated terpenes \\  & & in Clevenger-type apparatus; & \\  & & Time 2 h & \\ \hline \multicolumn{5}{c}{Diterpenes and triterpenenes} \\ \hline \multirow{5}{*}{_Glycorrhiza glauca_ L. (Leguminosae)
\begin{tabular}{c} \\ \end{tabular} } & \multicolumn{2}{c}{Enzymolysis:} & \multirow{5}{*}{[12]} \\  & & Cellulase or hemicillulase & \\  & & (2\% \(w/v\)) or Multizyme\({}^{\oplus}\)Cellulase & \\  & & CEP concentrate (3\% \(w/v\)) & Increased total liquorice \\  & & Total liquorice & pH 5.0 & (by 42.77–44.95\%) and \\  & & & \\  & & Temp. 45 \({}^{\circ}\)C & glycyrrhizic acid \\  & & Time 1 h; & extraction yield \\  & & Reflux or ultrasound - & \\  & & assisted extraction & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: _Cont._