## 1 Introduction  
Human beings are social animals whose well-being and mental and physical health depend on having strong social ties. Among all ages, including Older Adults (OAs), social isolation and loneliness are significant yet often overlooked [1]. Individuals who experience loneliness are more likely to engage in less physical exercise, which can worsen the adverse effects of loneliness on health [2]. Engaging in physical activity can contribute to maintaining fitness and good health. Further, exercise can immediately enhance the probability of engagement in beneficial social interactions, such as participating in sports groups [3]. Loneliness can be addressed by a range of interventions, which can be broadly classified into two categories: in-person/social interventions and technological interventions [4]. The social interventions involve direct face-to-face engagement with OAs, such as through workshops and group outings. On the other hand, technological interventions refer to remote interactions facilitated by digital solutions such as text and video messaging. The acquisition of digital literacy and skills by older adults is a personalised endeavour that includes multiple layers: the level of communities' policies and strategies to develop and implement digital health and prevent ageism, improved through appropriate learning opportunities; the level of socio-economic and health-related individual barriers and facilitators; and the level of the interaction of the older adult with teachers, trainers and with the actual technologies [5]. In this paper, we propose the Active aGeing And PErsonalised services (AGAPE) framework that combines in-person and technologically personalised interventions to promote socialisation, physical activity and digital literacy, specifically targeting OAs. The main objective of this framework is to improve the digital adoption level of the OA. We have adopted a strategy to promote physical exercise in an attempt to enhance socialisation and thereby improve individuals' health. As mentioned beforehand, Physical Activity (PA) is a key factor in tackling loneliness. The AGAPE project incorporates remote PA monitoring using two types of wearable devices: a smart fitness band and Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) sensors positioned on the person's anlkes. These two devices have been empirically validated as accurate methods for measuring physical activity, fall occurrences, gait, and balance [6]. However, there are several hurdles in delivering these in-person and remote interventions and wearable devices to OAs. Firstly, most OAs have distinct prerequisites, especially in terms of embracing novel technologies and upholding a stringent level of adherence to these technologies [7]. The proposed solution should address the topic of how to create technological applications that are specifically designed for OAs with a high level of accessibility. In addition, we should explore non-intrusive solutions that seamlessly integrate into the daily routine of an OA. The second challenge involves the implementation of a customized, tailored pathway in active ageing that takes into account the uniqueness of each OA. Combining face-to-face interventions with follow-up with remote interventions is effective for promoting PA in the long term [8]. To address this challenge, the AGAPE framework will offer a personalised and flexible method for combining in-person and remote interventions, considering the distinct requirements and preferences of each OA. The framework seeks to optimise the integration of in-person and remote interventions to enhance sustained participation in PA and enhance overall socialisation and health outcomes. Thirdly, the challenge for creating an IoT platform for an OA is guaranteeing the seamless integration and compatibility of various IoT devices and platforms. This difficulty is crucial in establishing a unified system that can effectively gather and analyse data from diverse sources, such as fitness bands and IMU sensors [9].