# Encapsulation of Blackberry Phenolics and Volatiles Using Apple Fibers and Disaccharides
## 3 Results
### Flavor Profile of Formulated Microparticles  
Seventeen volatiles were determined in the microparticles, while 16 were identified in blackberry juice (minus hexanal in compared microparticles) and 9 in apple fiber (minus linalool oxide, guaiacol, phenethyl alcohol, menthol, nerol, and eugenol as compared to microparticles). Apple fiber/blackberry microparticles were used as a control for the comparison of volatiles in microparticles with disaccharides, i.e., the effect of disaccharides on the adsorption of volatiles (Tables 5 and 6). Disaccharide type and their ratio to the fiber during formulation had an effect on the adsorption of volatile compounds. Two aldehydes were determined--hexanal and heptanal. Both of them were determined in higher amounts in the microparticles with added disaccharides than on apple fiber. With the increase in disaccharides, an increase in their amount in microparticles occurred, with trehalose having a more positive effect. Phenethyl and perillyl alcohols had a different trend than aldehydes. The amount of phenethyl alcohol was the highest in the apple fiber microparticles. For the other microparticles, it was observed that with the increase of disaccharides, a decrease in the adsorption of this volatile occurred. For perillyl alcohol, it \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Samples** & **L*** & **a*** & **b*** & \(\Delta\)E & \({}^{\circ}\)**h** & **C*** \\ \hline AF\_B & 48.13 \(\pm\) 0.01 \({}^{\mathrm{e}}\) & 19.06 \(\pm\) 0.07 \({}^{\mathrm{c}}\) & 11.23 \(\pm\) 0.02 \({}^{\mathrm{c,d}}\) & & 29.81 \(\pm\) 0.07 \({}^{\mathrm{c}}\) & 22.59 \(\pm\) 0.07 \({}^{\mathrm{c,d}}\) \\ AF\_S\_0.5 & 48.73 \(\pm\) 0.06 \({}^{\mathrm{d}}\) & 20.08 \(\pm\) 0.06 \({}^{\mathrm{a}}\) & 11.53 \(\pm\) 0.02 \({}^{\mathrm{c}}\) & 0.83 & 29.88 \(\pm\) 0.10 \({}^{\mathrm{c}}\) & 23.15 \(\pm\) 0.04 \({}^{\mathrm{b}}\) \\ AF\_S\_1 & 50.86 \(\pm\) 0.03 \({}^{\mathrm{c}}\) & 20.11 \(\pm\) 0.05 \({}^{\mathrm{a}}\) & 11.80 \(\pm\) 0.03 \({}^{\mathrm{b}}\) & 2.84 & 30.40 \(\pm\) 0.10 \({}^{\mathrm{b}}\) & 23.32 \(\pm\) 0.03 \({}^{\mathrm{b}}\) \\ AF\_S\_2 & 52.75 \(\pm\) 0.04 \({}^{\mathrm{b}}\) & 20.37 \(\pm\) 0.02 \({}^{\mathrm{a}}\) & 12.54 \(\pm\) 0.04 \({}^{\mathrm{a}}\) & 4.87 & 31.62 \(\pm\) 0.11 \({}^{\mathrm{a}}\) & 23.93 \(\pm\) 0.01 \({}^{\mathrm{a}}\) \\ AF\_T\_0.5 & 48.69 \(\pm\) 0.03 \({}^{\mathrm{d}}\) & 19.46 \(\pm\) 0.02 \({}^{\mathrm{b}}\) & 11.12 \(\pm\) 0.03 \({}^{\mathrm{d}}\) & 0.59 & 29.73 \(\pm\) 0.04 \({}^{\mathrm{c}}\) & 22.43 \(\pm\) 0.03 \({}^{\mathrm{d}}\) \\ AF\_T\_1 & 50.30 \(\pm\) 0.07 \({}^{\mathrm{c}}\) & 19.63 \(\pm\) 0.02 \({}^{\mathrm{b}}\) & 11.49 \(\pm\) 0.01 \({}^{\mathrm{c}}\) & 2.19 & 30.36 \(\pm\) 0.02 \({}^{\mathrm{b}}\) & 22.74 \(\pm\) 0.01 \({}^{\mathrm{c}}\) \\ AF\_T\_2 & 55.14 \(\pm\) 0.04 \({}^{\mathrm{a}}\) & 17.98 \(\pm\) 0.02 \({}^{\mathrm{d}}\) & 10.25 \(\pm\) 0.05 \({}^{\mathrm{e}}\) & 7.26 & 29.69 \(\pm\) 0.11 \({}^{\mathrm{c}}\) & 20.70 \(\pm\) 0.03 \({}^{\mathrm{e}}\) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: Color parameters of formulated microparticles. was determined that microparticles with the lowest amount of disaccharides had higher content than the apple fiber microparticles. Terpenes were the most abundant volatiles in the microparticles. D-limonene was determined in the highest amount in all microparticles. Equal amounts of this terpene were determined in the apple fiber microparticles and the microparticles with sucrose (fiber:disaccharide ratios 1:0.5 and 1:1), while the third sucrose microparticles had the lowest amount of D-limonene. Trehalose microparticles showed different behavior, i.e., the highest amount of this terpene was determined in the microparticles prepared with a fiber:disaccharide ratio of 1:2. At lower amounts of trehalose, absorption of this volatile decreased. Citronellal and linalool had similar behavior. Microparticles with disaccharides (fiber:disaccharide ratios 1:1 and 1:2) had lower contents of those terpen compared to apple fiber microparticles.