## 3 Results  
### Crop Production Loss  
In 2012, agricultural production in Italy amounted to 915,705,580 quintals (q), with an average production of 45,785,279 q. Looking in detail at regional production (Figure 4), fruit trees had their highest production in Sicily and Calabria (12,861,590 q and 9,909,800 q, respectively), whereas production was below 7 q in the other regions. The region with the highest production levels for olive groves was Apulia, with 8,213,754 q, whereas the highest production level for vineyards was recorded in Apulia and Sicily (around 15,000,000 q) and in Veneto with 8,099,192 q. As far as fodder is concerned, the highest production level was recorded in Lombardy (32,761,977 q) and Emilia-Romagna (26,786,595 q), whereas it remained below 15,000,000 q in the other regions. Emilia-Romagna also recorded the highest production level for arable crop production (107,583,166), followed by Lombardy, Veneto, Piedmont, and Apulia, with around 50,000,000 q. In Italy, a loss of approximately 4,154,559 q of agricultural products due to land consumption in the period 2012-2020 was estimated (0.45% of percentage loss). The greatest drop occurred in the class of arable land (2,533,940 q, 0.43%), followed by fodder, fruit trees, vineyards, and olive groves, with a loss of approximately 974,403 (0.56%), 307,691 (0.45%), 247,670 (0.41%), and 90,853 q (0.42%) in the products generated therefrom, respectively (Table 4). At the regional level (Figure 5, Table 4), Emilia-Romagna is the region that has the highest variation in arable land production (376,972 q, 0.35%), followed by Veneto (372,463 q, 0.72%), and Lombardy (270,171 q, 0.50%). In the other regions, the loss is between 50,000 and 100,000 q and it is less than 50,000 q in only five regions, with the lowest value being recorded in the Aosta Valley, where the loss was approximately 3,536 q, which corresponded to a loss of 0.90%. As far as the fodder category is concerned, the greatest loss occurred in Lombardy (approximately 250,000 q, 0.76%), followed by Campania (130,000 q, 0.64%), Veneto (131,000 q, 0.75%), Trentino-Alto Adige, Emilia-Romagna, and Latium (79,000, 87,000 and 86,500 q, respectively), corresponding to a 0.60% loss in the regional fodder production in Latium and Trentino-Alto Adige, and 0.35% in Emilia-Romagna. In the other regions, the loss was less than 20,000 quintals, with the exception of Piedmont (around 42,000 q). The lost production of olive groves caused by land consumption was  
Figure 4: Estimation of crop production (quintals) for five agricultural classes in 2012 at the regional level. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline  & **Pollinators** & \\ \hline _Andrena agilissima_ & _Andrena bicolor_ & _Andrena carbonaria_ \\ _Andrena dorsata_ & _Andrena fazuyes_ & _Andrena morio_ \\ _Andrena mintululoides_ & _Andrena raigrenea_ & _Andrena nitidiluscula_ \\ _Andrena taxaxixi_ & _Andridium manicatum_ & _Anthophora dispar_ \\ _Anthophora plumipes_ & _Bombus hortorum_ & _Bombus humilis_ \\ _Bombus lapidaries_ & _Bombus lucorum_ & _Bombus pascuroum_ \\ _Bombus pratorum_ & _Bombus ruderatus_ & _Bombus terrestris_ \\ _Ceratina cucutritia_ & _Colletes succinctius_ & _Dasydota alternator_ \\ _Eucara lorigiornis_ & _Euerca nigrescens_ & _Halicus scabbusae_ \\ _Halicus scinctius_ & _Halicus manculatus_ & _Heridae tuncorum_ \\ _Hoplitis adunca_ & _Hoplitis anthocoides_ & _Hylaeus angustatus_ \\ _Hylaeus communis_ & _Hylaeus clpyearis_ & _Lasiglossum calcaatum_ \\ _Lasiglossum leuczoninium_ & _Lasiglossum nitidulum_ & _Lasiglossum pauxillum_ \\ _Lasiglossum villosulum_ & _Megachile parietina_ & _Megachile rotundata_ \\ _Osmia bicornis_ & _Osmia carulescens_ & _Osmia corunta_ \\ _Osmia leaina_ & _Pamargus calcaratus_ & _Stelis nasuta_ \\ _Tetraloniella salicariae_ & _Xylocopu violacea_ & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Main species of selected pollininators. greater in Apulia, with a drop of 50,000 q (0.60%), whereas it was less than 10,000 q in the other regions.