## 4 Results and Discussion
### Safety Management Financial Decision Making  
In most studies, the major focus of engineers revolves around the identification of risky zones on highways which are related to infrastructure and traffic conditions. Identification of black spots on highways always remains a core factor for road safety analysis [99]. Consider funding of 10 million rupees allocated for road safety management of this motorway. That amount cannot be spent on a 100 km long route: for efficient utilization of that funding a method is required that can help in allocating that funding for an optimum solution.  
DEA helps in ranking the segments based on its reverse-efficient level-concept known as a 'risk' to find the riskiest road segments. After ranking of these segments, funding can be allocated on a priority basis. Out of 99 road segments, dealing with first 10 riskiest segments, it covers the problem of 36% of NOA and 48% of NOAP, which makes a huge difference. Furthermore, if the first 20 riskiest segments are treated, it will cover 51% of NOA and 59% of NOAP. On the other hand, dealing based on equal distribution, this budget has to be distributed to 99 road segments, which cannot be justified, as a series of segments have only one accident and one affected person. Discovering hotspots and positioning and characterizing the potential safety redesign for each spot among a progression of areas are the focal  
Figure 8: Ranked No.1 top-most risky segment.  
goals of studies in motorway safety. In the interim, the improvement of these hazardous fragments to diminish the quantity of accidents requires a great deal of exertion for transportation engineers.  
The initial phase during the time spent on highway safety improvement is the identification of hot spots. At that point, deciding the potential improvement for every area and the impact of replacing measures ought to be considered. The number of accidents occurring with reference to traffic exposure has been analyzed in this study. The simplest assessment is to rank the spots based on the ratio method i.e., Number accidents/average annual daily traffic. But to analyze the safety performance of road segments in the presence of multiple variables was difficult. In this paper, a comparative analysis of each spot with a reference riskiest spot has been conducted in order to rank the spots based on severity.  
Among developing countries, Pakistan is one of the leading countries with road safety problems, with an eight-times higher accident ratio than that of the US [100]. Road infrastructure and driver culture are the two major factors on the back of increasing road safety problem. The study conducted by [101] shows that drivers' behavior influences the pattern of road traffic accidents. Similarly, higher numbers of accidents occur in hilly areas of Pakistan during glaciation.  
In this study, data as based on police and highway authorities, indicating that infrastructural improvement is one of the necessary factors to enhance safety conditions. Police authorities can focus on law enforcement, even on speeding but the problem of infrastructural changes should be focused under policymakers and engineers. Our focus was on drivers' disregard of traffic rules and regulations as well as basic measures including improvements to roads infrastructures, identification of black spots, and monitoring and solving safety problems. It is recommended that a proper mechanism of road safety audit should be there to check the infrastructural suitability for certain traffic pattern and highways.