## 1 Introduction  
### Background  
Since its commercialization, electricity has become a necessity, from lighting a small light bulb to cooling air conditioners during summer, heating electric heaters during winter, and powering industrial machinery. It plays a vital role when it comes to global economic development. The development of one country may become fast-paced because of its availability or may slow down due to the lack of it. There are various electricity generation sources, from non-renewable (coal, gas, nuclear, and oil) to renewable energy (RE) such as solar PV, hydro, and wind. Figure 1 shows the latest electricity generation mix worldwide [1], indicating that non-renewable resources are still the dominant sources of electricity. When these fuels are burned, they release carbon dioxide (CO\({}_{2}\)) and other greenhouse gases (GHGs) that may trap heat in the atmosphere, resulting in climate change and global warming [2]. This prompted the United Nations to adopt the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) in 2015, which provides a roadmap for climate actions to reduce GHG emissions and build climate resilience [3]. Since coal-fired power generation is the biggest emitter of all energy-related CO\({}_{2}\) emissions [4], most countries have already started using renewable energy technologies (RETs), which helped to decrease the global CO\({}_{2}\) emissions by almost 8% in 2019. The share of renewables in the electricity generation mix rose considerably with the additional output of new wind and solar projects completed over the past year [5]. The archipelagic nature of the Philippines proves to be a challenge in achieving universal electricity access and just transition, especially in off-grid communities, where grid extension is unviable, and diesel generator sets are the typical sources of energy. The Department of Energy (DOE) created an energy plan to secure the country's energy future and to actively promote the use of indigenous renewable resources [6] to expand energy access for remote and off-grid areas that are not reached by the primary grid and achieve 100% electrification by 2022 [7]. As of the 2018 World Bank report, 94.9% of the country's population has electricity access, with the remaining 5.1% who do not have access living mostly in remote island communities [8]. These island communities do not have grid access and are powered by diesel generators with a time-limited supply, translating to high electricity costs [9]. Solar, biomass, and wind resources are abundantly available as local energy sources on most small islands, making RETs or hybrid renewable energy systems (HRES) a practical approach to electrifying these communities. Geospatial analysis has gained much attention in the past few years when it comes to identifying RE resources. Typical studies evaluate suitable locations for the development of RETs [10; 11; 12; 13; 14], site selection [15], and residential building energy demand and performance [16; 17]. RE resource mapping can help the Philippines plan for energy access and just transition, especially in off-grid island communities. However, there is a need to streamline the RE resource mapping approach to consider consumption patterns such that initiatives for a cleaner energy transition ensure that electricity demands are met. The goal of this paper is to determine if renewable energy sources available in off-grid island communities are sufficient to meet the electricity demand not only at the household level but also at the commercial and institutional levels. It is achieved through a three-phased approach, where the first phase is the assessment stage, including site and load profile studies to assess the current energy situation of the research areas and to project the electric load demand for up to the year 2030. The second phase is the geospatial analysis, which involves identifying the factors that affect the choice of suitable locations for installing renewable energy technologies.