# Evaluating Effects of Electric Vehicle Chargers on Residential Power Infrastructure
## 2 Experimental Configuration and Measurement Setup  
To study the impacts of installing EV chargers in residential buildings, a test was conducted on an EV charger installed in a condominium in Bangkok, Thailand, as shown in Figure 1. This test measured the electrical parameters supplied to one EV charger, which had the following specifications:  
* Input voltage: 230 Vac (\(\pm\)10%) for a single phase and 400 Vac (\(\pm\)10%) for three phases;
* Input frequency: 50 Hz / 60 Hz;
* Rated power: 7.4 kW for a single phase and 22 kW for three phases;
* Max output current: 32 A;
* Output connector: Type 2 IEC 62196 Standard;
* Safety features: overvoltage/undervoltage protection, overload protection, leakage protection, overcurrent protection, and ground protection.  
The installation area was a designated parking space within a residential condominium, specifically allocated for EV charging services. This separation from general parking ensured that the measured usage reflected actual demand without interference from other vehicles or overlapping usage patterns. The study was conducted on a single EV charger permanently installed at this location. The charger was connected to a low-voltage distribution system with a nominal voltage of 230/400 V at 50 Hz and protected by a 40 A circuit breaker, which reflects a typical setup for residential charging infrastructure.  
To measure the electrical parameters of the charger, a measuring device was used to record various related parameters, including the voltage in all three phases, current in each phase, current in the neutral cable, total power, electrical power in each phase, and harmonic values. These data are crucial for analyzing the impact that electric vehicle charging has on the electrical system, as well as for collecting usage data to study the demand of service users in this condominium. Specifically, a professional-grade power quality analyzer, HT Italia PQA823, was used for the measurements. This device is used with an EN50160 and is capable of recording TRMS voltage and current, active/reactive/apparent power, power factor, energy consumption, harmonic distortion up to the 64 th order, voltage anomalies, and flicker. The instrument offers a  
Figure 1: Installation of an EV charging system in a residential building: (**a**) location of the EV charging station and (**b**) connection point and measurement interface with the building’s electrical grid.  
voltage measurement accuracy of \(\pm\)(0.5% rdg + 2 digits) and a current accuracy of \(\pm\)(0.5% rdg + 0.06% FS), depending on the current probe used. Data were logged at 1 min intervals throughout the 2-week monitoring period. These capabilities ensured accurate and reliable monitoring of power quality parameters during EV charger operation.  
To consider the relationship between usage and the measured parameters, energy demand is illustrated in Figure 2, with blue shades used to indicate the energy use each hour. Dark blue signifies high charger usage, while lighter shades indicate low usage. This visual representation helps to understand the charging behavior of service users.  
From the table, trends in the use of electric vehicle charging emerge. Usage behavior typically occurs during the evening, from 18:00 to 22:00. During weekends, there are also opportunities for people to use the service at other times, indicating that user behavior aligns with working hours, with increased usage during after-work hours and weekends.  
When considering energy use data in the form of graphs, as shown in Figure 3, it is easier to see the duration of use and analyze various electrical parameters.  
Figure 3: Hourly comparison of EV charger usage throughout the day.  
Figure 2: Time density distribution of EV charger users.