# UVsq-Sat NG, a New CubeSat Pathfinder for Monitoring Earth Outgoing Energy and Greenhouse Gases
## 5 Conclusions  
Uvsq-Sat NG is designed to enable observations of Earth's Radiation Budget and greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide or methane. Regarding Earth's Radiation Budget, the measurements from this satellite will continue the work already conducted with Uvsq-Sat (launched on January 2021) and Inspire-Sat7 (launched on April 2023). Although Uvsq-Sat NG is the third SmallSat, it only shares some subsystems with the first two. It will also carry an NIR Spectrometer to assess GHGs' atmospheric concentrations through observations in the wavelength range of 1200 to 2000 nm. Thus, Uvsq-Sat NG will focus on the restitution of the concentration of certain gases in the atmosphere (CO2, CH4, O2, and H2O). A methodology has been devised to extract greenhouse gas concentrations (carbon dioxide and methane) from the forthcoming observations of the Uvsq-Sat NG NIR Spectrometer. The results obtained emphasize the importance of having a spectrometer with specific instrumental characteristics (a SNR of at least 1000 with a spectral resolution of 6 nm) to ensure the performance of the conducted measurements. They also highlight the importance of ground calibrations, in-orbit calibrations, and models (REPROBUS) to correct the data and mitigate biases in the determination of greenhouse gas concentrations. Uvsq-Sat NG thus drives technological advancements through miniaturization and a cost-effective platform, offering a way to deploy an affordable constellation dedicated to Essential Climate Variables.  
All authors formulated and directed the methodology and results analysis and prepared the manuscript. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
This work received funding from Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS, France), Universite de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ, France), Academie de Versailles (78, France), Departement des Yvelines (78, France), Communaute d'Agglomeration de Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (SQY, France), and Centre Paris-Saclay des Sciences Spatiales (CPS3, France).  
The solar reference spectra used in this work are available at [[https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/VI/159--data](https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/VI/159--data)]([https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/VI/159--data](https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/VI/159--data)) accessible since 6 September 2023.  
The Uvsq-Sat NG team acknowledges support from the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS, France), the Universite Paris-Saclay (France), the Sorbonne Universite (SU, France), the Universite de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ, France), the Academie de Versailles (78, France), the Communaute d'Agglomeration de Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (SQY, France), the Departement des Yvelines (78, France), the Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics ([PERSON], LASP, USA), the National Central University ([PERSON], NCU, Taiwan), the Nanyang Technological University ([PERSON], NTU, Singapore), the South African National Space Agency ([PERSON], SANSA, South Africa), and the Committee on Space Research ([PERSON], COSPAR, France). The authors also thankfully acknowledge the Ministere de l'Enseignement superieur et de la Recherche (MESR, France) for their support. This work is supported by the Programme National Soleil Terre (PNST, France) of CNRS/INSU (France) co-funded by Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES, France) and Commissariat a l'energie atomique (CEA, France). The Uvsq-Sat NG team thanks all students who contributed to the emergence of this scientific and educational program.  
The authors declare no conflict of interest.