## 3 Data Analysis  
Figure 1 represents one year of hourly load demand data for a Baneshwor substation in Kathmandu, Nepal. The data were collected from the start of the Bikram Sambad year (2075 B.S.), which falls within 2018/2019 A.D. A total of 8760 data were presented for each hour of the year, which ranged from the 14 April 2018 to 13 April 2019 A.D. The demand for the selected feeder line ranged from 0.1 to 2.9 MW. The energy demand of the area followed a cyclical pattern, which could be related to the residential and commercial activities of that area. Based on the demand graph, demand was almost constant from April to September with little variation. During mid-October, a sudden drop occurred, as can be seen in Figure 1b, as did spikes during January and February, as can be seen in Figure 1c.  
The box plot of the load consumption in Figure 2 reveals the variation of load for each month throughout the year. The demand tended to spike in the ninth (Paush) and tenth (Magh) months of the year. Here, the ninth and tenth months for B.S. fell in between mid-December and mid-February. The winter season in Nepal starts from the eighth month of the year and lasts until the eleventh month of the year. This indicates that the use of heating load in the winter season increases the demand throughout the season. Likewise, electricity demand can be highly related to the festive season; the major festivals celebrated vary each year in Nepal. For the year 2075 B.S., the demand in the seventh (Kartik) month was noticeably lower than in the other months, as this month of the year hosted the major festivals celebrated in Nepal (Dashain and Tihar), and during that period, all of the commercial businesses, offices, and industries remained closed. Thus, demand decreased significantly during that time of the year, which explains the sudden drop in load in mid-October in Figure 1.  
Weekends and weekdays also affect the level of energy consumption. The patterns on weekdays and weekends were quite different. Based on the literature, the demand tends to be higher on weekends than on weekdays in France [17]. For the development of a model, this can be used as an important feature to improve accuracy. However, in the case of Nepal, Saturday is the weekend, while Sundays are the first day of each week. The weekly demand box plot in Figure 3a shows a constant average demand throughout weekdays, as Sunday to Friday are the working days in Nepal. The weekend, the only holiday of the week, had slightly lower demand compared with other days. In Figure 3b, '0' indicates a weekend or holiday, and '1' indicates the working days, showing that the area being studied had a higher number of commercial and industrial loads, as demand was active on working days. The boxplot shown in Figure 4 presents the daily schedule of the active working hours for the selected area. In observing the hourly variations of electricity demand, the load from 12 a.m. to 5 a.m. had low variation, the demand increased from 6 a.m., and the average demand stayed constant throughout the day until 5 p.m. The demand further increased from 6 p.m. to 9 p.m. during nighttime hours. The electrical demand during nighttime hours was high in these areas, which indicates residential load, utilizing electricity for cooking and lighting purposes.  
Figure 1: (**a**) One year of hourly load demand at a Baneshwor substation (from April 2018 to April 2019). (**b**) Zoomed in section of electricity consumption in October (lower consumption). (**c**) Zoomed in section of electricity consumption in January (high consumption).  
Figure 2: Boxplot of electricity demand for each month (B.S.).