# Perspectives of Hydrogen Generation in Cavitation-Jet Hydrodynamic Reactor
## 3 Results and Discussions
### Cavitation-Jet Chamber
The energy discharged from this collapse is enough to sever the H-O-H bonds, potentially yielding hydrogen and peroxide. Furthermore, the higher the frequency of the current powering the centrifugal pump, the greater the liquid's heating rate. (Figure 4). It is important to note that in the initiation zone of cavitation oscillations, the system exhibits an electrical potential ranging from 100 to 120 mV at 15 \({}^{\circ}\)C, which notably decreases to 70 mV at 80 \({}^{\circ}\)C, although this phenomenon does not occur in a static state, i.e., when there is no rapid liquid flow. It is hypothesized that cavitation and microshock emit electrons within the compressed bubbles of the VT-blade screw and the LN splitter aluminum resonator, thereby promoting chemical reactions with the liquid's molecules. The initial process results in the generation of molecular hydrogen. This process is analogous to the radiolysis of water induced by high-energy irradiation, such as an electron beam or ultrasound exposure as outlined in the following references [39; 40]. \[\text{H}_{2}\text{O}\ \xrightarrow{\text{Water radiolysis}}\ \text{e}_{\text{ aq}^{-}},\ \text{H}^{\bullet},\ \text{HO}^{\bullet},\ \text{H}_{2},\ \text{H}_{2}\text{O}_{2},\ \text{H}_{\text{aq}^{+}}\]  
The second cause of electroconductivity might be attributed to the accumulation of static electricity charges due to electrification at the dielectric boundary with varying dielectric permeability values as well as the discharge of charges during the flow of dielectric fluid over the conductor's surface. According to [PERSON]'s theory, cavitation bubbles in water form similarly to delicate bubbles in a solid, generating significant charges of opposite signs akin to the splitting of ion crystals. Subsequently, electric discharges occur between the walls of the cavitation bubble within the vapor-gaseous medium, leading to the excitation of gas molecules and atoms [39; 40]. The authors [41; 42; 43; 44] have previously observed the effects of plasma formation during cavitation in dielectric cells. This phenomenon is associated with the accumulation of static electric charge due to electrification at the dielectric boundary, which has varying dielectric permeability values, and the discharge of this charge as the dielectric fluid flows over the conductor's surface. Electrification leads to electrical breakdown and the formation of mildly ionized plasma within the cavitation steam-gas bubble region. Thus, in the process of cavitation, vapor-gas bubbles generate a mildly ionized plasma. This weakly ionized plasma discharge assists in the decomposition of water molecules, leading to the formation of transient species such as hydroxyl radicals (HO\({}^{\bullet}\)), hydroperoxide radicals (HO\({}_{2}\)\({}^{\bullet}\)), atomic hydrogen (H\({}^{\bullet}\)), atomic oxygen (O\({}^{\bullet}\)), and O\({}^{2-}\). These discharges lead to the formation of reactive entities like free radicals and excited molecules, which are crucial for many atmospheric chemical reactions. Additionally, the emission of weakly ionized plasma aids in generating hydrogen peroxide (H\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{2}\)) and superoxide anions (O\({}^{2-}\)), which in turn help in the dissociation of water molecules. This recombination process ultimately produces hydrogen gas (H\({}_{2}\)), hydrogen peroxide (H\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{2}\)), and ozone (O\({}_{3}\)). The presence of hydrogen peroxide can be qualitatively detected when it reacts with starch and molecular iodine, changing the colorless polysaccharide solution to deep blue.