# Device-To-Device Communication in 5G Environment: Issues, Solutions, and Challenges
## 3 Interference Management
### Recent Advances in Interference Management  
#### 3.1.1 Interference Avoidance  
Interference avoidance techniques are used to avoid interference between D2D links and cellular links. [PERSON] et al. in [37] embrace the simultaneous D2D transmissions and proposed a multiuser D2D system that is called \"MD2D\". The authors also leverage MIMO techniques to eliminate the interference across multiuser D2D environments. The system checks the antenna combinations whether it is able to eliminate the cross-pair interference and then applies a bucket-based degree of freedom (DoF) algorithm for an effective antenna usage configuration to eliminate the interference. The result shows that by using MD2D, the throughput was improved by 87.39 percent and for the large-scale simulations, the improvement is up to 218.84 percent compared to the traditional interference avoidance scheme. [PERSON] et al., in [38], chose a distributed scheme as a proper interference control mechanism because it has advantages in terms of responsiveness to traffic demands and smaller control overhead. The authors then proceeded by proposing a fully distributed random-access protocol for D2D links in cellular networks. The proposed interference avoidance mechanism works by prohibiting the interferers from transmitting a signal around the D2D receiver. The result shows that the proposed distributed D2D scheme performs better than the conventional distributed D2D scheme by a very large margin. However, for this simulation, the authors only considered the locations of devices in order to follow a Poisson point process. The authors in [39] highlighted the confidentiality aspect of the security problem between the cellular users and D2D users. The authors proposed a security-embedded interference avoidance scheme by modifying the constellation rotation technique to mitigate these issues. In the \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{p{42.7 pt} p{56.9 pt} p{56.9 pt} p{56.9 pt} p{56.9 pt} p{56.9 pt}} \hline \hline
**Ref.** & **Problem** & **Algorithm Used** & **Findings** & **Reuse Resources** & **Interference Control Level** \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{[31]} & Utilize & & Improves resource allocation and interference temperature constraint. & & \\  & Utilize & & allocation and & & \\  & throughput to an interference temperature constraint. & Stackelberg game & interference management in spectrum-sharing D2D communications. & & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{[32]} & Quality of Service (QoS) & Graph theory-based solution for relay selection and power management. & Improves QoS satisfaction with high adoption. & & \\  & Interference management and performance & Concatenated Bi-partite Matching (CBM) graph theory-based solution. & Reducing the average number of cellular user equipment (CUEs) in outage. & & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{[33]} & \multirow{2}{*}{
\begin{tabular}{} \end{tabular} } & Concatenated Bi-partite Matching (CBM) graph theory-based solution. & Reducing the average number of cellular user equipment (CUEs) in outage. & & \\  & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{[34]} & Distribution of random devices in cellular networks lead to critical interferences. & & Increases the network capacity and improves channel assignment algorithm. & & \\  & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{[35]} & Co/cross-tier resource sharing interferences & Matching theory-based distributed resource allocation algorithm. & Achieves optimum network performance with much lower overhead and complexity. & & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{[36]} & Dependency on CSI and high signaling. & Joint clustering and topological interference management (TIM) framework. & Computation time is reduced. & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Brief summary of interference management in D2D communication. testing, the authors did not explore situations where there might be multiple D2D pairs and CUs in the same environment. Furthermore, the evaluation performance of the proposed scheme does not consider channel estimation errors in the evaluation calculation.