## 1 Introduction
However, all these proposed secure MAC protocols are independent of CBND deployment, which did not include vehicle deployment scenarios in the UWSN. Since USN (underwater sensor node) depicts a medium access control (MAC), their credentials in UVWSN, which utilized our proposed SDAA method, should be stored in nearby BS in the CBND method. In addition, deploying only underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSN) in secure MAC protocols such as SEFSC, SDA, and EEST, which do not utilize multiple mobile sinks (MMS), is observed as a design challenge. One crucial design advantage of our proposed UVWSN is that MMS [5] deployment in the network assists in making better decisions for appropriately planning the moving path of vehicles, including ships, in the ocean. This helps to avoid any overhead information [5] exchange with each USN deployed in the network. Therefore, the entire network architectures proposed in secure MAC protocols, including [6; 7; 8], were vulnerable and exposed to malicious node attackers (MNA). Consequently, this leads to higher MNA encounters in the network, which also leads to stealing or altering information about their networks' stored data credentials. In addition, this compromises the trustworthiness/privacy and integrity of the data concerns in the UWSN used in [6; 7; 8]. However, underwater sensor nodes (USN) deployment in the UWSN network requires sensitive credentials, such as locations and identities. Otherwise, this enables the encounter of a malicious node attacker (MNA) to reveal the location of the physical access of the USN, and this situation could expose the entire network to be compromised. Moreover, it is noteworthy that the identifications (ID) of the sensor nodes (SN) deployed in [6; 7; 8] used different encryption and decryption methods. Based upon this, the SN credentials must require secure storage mechanisms to preserve the data's trustworthiness/privacy and integrity. However, the limitations of trustworthiness/confidentiality and data integrity could destroy the deployment of the SN since MNA could steal the location and make it impossible for the UWSN to access data securely in SN. To detect and remove malicious nodes from the UWSN deployed in secure MAC protocols such as SEFSC [6], SDA [7], and EEST [8] network and to preserve trustworthiness/privacy, many studies have investigated trustworthiness/privacy provisions for UWSN. These studies depend on the authentication of underwater vehicles only in [9; 10; 11; 12]. However, the studies that rely on detecting malicious nodes can be found only in [13; 14], which depend on the trustworthiness/privacy provision in UWSN. Therefore, the need to propose a new underwater sensor network, such as the proposed SDAA protocol, to investigate all the design challenges in secure MAC protocols, including SEFSC [6], SDA [7], and EEST [8], which should utilize CBND, and underwater vehicle system, should be a priority. Therefore, our proposed SDAA method achieves that design requirements and detects and prevents malicious node attackers (MNA) using UVWSN with a sense of urgency [15]. In addition, our proposed SDAA method introduces secure medium access control (MAC) through USN, which utilizes a protocol design that provides trustworthiness/privacy in the UVWSN (underwater vehicular wireless sensor network). Therefore, in this paper, we propose a secure MAC protocol, known as the secure data aggregation and authentication (SDAA) optimized methods, that employ MMS (multiple mobile sinks) in cluster-based network design (CBND) that ensures trustworthiness/privacy provision in UVWSN. The application deployment of our proposed UVWSN is for monitoring and inspecting vehicles and ship structures for navigational systems in the ocean. Based upon this, we can reevaluate new performance metrics, such as reduced delay, reliability, packet drop, and energy efficiency in the proposed new UVWSN. The main contributions of this paper are as follows:  
1.