[23] conducted fatigue mechanical tests and microscopic electron microscopy scanning tests on hard-layered rocks under cyclic loading, revealing the mechanism of the layered effect on fatigue damage based on macro and micro characteristics. [PERSON] et al. [24] conducted triaxial cyclic loading and unloading tests on rock specimens under six different confining pressures (\(\sigma_{3}\)) to explore the strength, deformation, and propagation characteristics of rock specimens. [PERSON] et al. [25] carried out loading and unloading splitting experiments on marble disks containing microcracks and focused on studying the crack propagation and evolution rules under the loading and unloading paths through the AE signal. [PERSON] et al. [26] conducted uniaxial cyclic loading and unloading tests on rock specimens with different prefabricated crack angles and studied the influence of crack angles on energy evolution characteristics. [PERSON] et al. [27] used uniaxial compression and CT scanning to carry out constant-amplitude cyclic and step-by-step cyclic loading and unloading tests on siltstone, revealing the propagation and failure mechanism of pore cracks in the surrounding rock mass of underground engineering under cyclic loading. As mentioned above, domestic and foreign scholars have conducted a large number of studies on the freeze-thaw and cyclic loading and unloading damage of fractured rock masses, and have also achieved fruitful results, which has good guiding significance for a deeper understanding of the cumulative damage characteristics of fractured rock mass. But, in general, there are relatively few studies focusing on freeze-thaw cyclic loading and coupling effects. As two distinct forms of load action, freeze-thaw and external loads should have completely different damage evolution characteristics. Therefore, studying the damage characteristics and failure mechanism of fractured sandstone under the coupling effect of freeze-thaw-fatigue load will be of great significance for understanding the fatigue life and durability of fractured rock mass. Therefore, this paper took fractured sandstone as the research object and carried out indoor freeze-thaw cycle tests, conventional triaxial tests, and fatigue loading tests on four different types of prefabricated fracture inclination sandstone, namely, 30\({}^{\circ}\), 45\({}^{\circ}\), 60\({}^{\circ}\), and 90\({}^{\circ}\). This study investigates the influence of different inclination angles of fractures on the strength and deformation parameters of sandstone under the combined action of freeze-thaw and fatigue loads. Subsequently, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technology was used to analyze the \(T_{2}\) spectral distribution, \(T_{2}\) spectral area, and pore structure change parameters of the fractured sandstone before and after freezing and thawing as well as after fatigue loading damage was applied to reveal the damage law. The fatigue model of fractured sandstone of different inclinations with residual deformation as the internal variable was established based on the theory of internal variables in the mechanics of the continuum media in order to provide theoretical references for disaster prevention and treatment for engineering in the cold zones of the western region of China.