# Seismic Response Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Frame Structures Considering Slope Effects
## 4 Conclusions  
This study aimed to explore the effect of slope on the seismic performance of a structure. Therefore, this study took a practical slope as the research background, and a 6-story and 3-span reinforced concrete frame structure as the research object. Then, the finite element model of three slope structure interaction systems with different slope ratios was established using OpenSees, and 20 near-field seismic wave records were taken as input seismic load to perform kinetic time interval analysis and compute the dynamic response. Finally, this study explored the influence of slope ratio on the deformation and internal forces of the upper structure and the deformation of piles and soil according to numerical results. Through the analysis of this research result, the following conclusions are obtained.  
1. Under the action of different seismic waves, the influence of slope rate on the story drift ratio is quite different. There is no qualitative conclusion about the effect of the slope ratio on the structure's story drift ratio.
2. Unlike the influence of the slope rate on the story drift ratio, however, under different seismic waves, the slope rate has the same effect on the top layer displacement. That is, the slope makes the horizontal displacement of the top layer show a negative X-direction trend, namely, the top layer moves toward the slope direction, and the higher the slope rate, the more pronounced this effect is.
3. The slope rate has the same effect on the lateral displacement of the pile as on the top layer displacement. The lateral displacement of the soil follows the same pattern.  
Figure 14: Base shear- top displacement hysteretic curve: (**a**) working condition 6; (**b**) working condition 18.  
Figure 13: Time history curve of column bottom shear force: (**a**) working condition 6; (**b**) working condition 18.  
4. The shear at the bottom of the column has a positive X trend at the initial stage. This effect is more obvious with an increase in the slope rate. After the initial phase, the impact of the slope on the shear at the bottom of the column and the shear at the base is very small, which can be almost ignored.
5. There is no correlation between the degree of impact and the slope gradient on the peak value of internal forces and deformations of the structure.  
From the above conclusion, it can be seen that the trend of structural deformation is significantly influenced by slope, while the effect of slope on the peak value of deformation and force is influenced by the difference of seismic motions, and no clear conclusion can be drawn. In the seismic design of sloping buildings, structural response under sufficient seismic action should be analyzed and demonstrated.  
Methodology, P.S.; Software, P.S. and S.G.; Data curation, W.Z.; Writing--original draft, S.G.; Writing--review & editing, Q.X. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
This research was funded by [the Institute of Engineering Mechanics, China Earthquake Administration] grant number [2019 EEEVL0202], [Advanced Talents Incubation Program of Hebei University] grant number [521000981082] and [Science and Technology Project of Hebei Education Department] grant number [B]2019042].  
The data presented in this study are available on request from the corresponding author. The data are not publicly available due to [the privacy of the data].  
The present work has been supported by the Institute of Engineering Mechanics, China Earthquake Administration (2019 EEEVL0202), Advanced Talents Incubation Program of Hebei University (grant No. 521000981082), and Science and Technology Project of Hebei Education Department (BJ2019042). These supports are gratefully acknowledged.  
The authors declare no conflict of interest.