## 4 Conventional Formulations vs. Advanced Formulations--A Necessity for Advanced Carrier Systems
What modern encapsulation science makes advanced is that it considers materials that can add function to the particles while being more than just a carrier, respectively, to their characteristics. Encapsulation science has reached highly sophisticated systems, and still, the gold standard in biological agents' encapsulation remains the calcium alginate particles. The next step is to formulate several active ingredients in one formulation, such as a biological agent and a chemical agent, enhancing the efficiency of encapsulated material and having a synergistic effect on the plant [38]. According to [PERSON] et al. [2], it is expected that microencapsulated formulations will dominate marked for ecological and efficient agricultural production, providing all necessary protection of encapsulated agents, while reducing the negative effect of non-degradable conventional chemical pollutants on the environment. Plant Metabolites (Biologically Active Compounds) and Their Importance in Functional Food Production  
Plants produce many metabolites of diversified structures and abundance, which play crucial roles in plant growth, development, and response to environments. These metabolites are also valuable nutrition and energy sources for human beings and live stocks [70; 71]. Plant metabolites are generally classified into primary and secondary. Plant primary metabolites are indispensable for plant growth and development. But plant secondary metabolites are crucial for plant survival under various environmental conditions. They are responsible for maintaining a delicate balance with the environment so plants can survive under stressful conditions [72]. Plant secondary metabolites also possess biocidal properties making them crucial in the control of various pests and pathogens [73]. Polyphenolic compounds have a photoprotective function, structural support, and protection against attackers, and other significant roles crucial to the plant's metabolism and survival [74; 75]. They are also responsible for the pigmentation and some of the organoleptic characteristics, such as flavor and color [76; 77]. Numerous studies confirm the benefits of polyphenic compound ingestion on human health [78; 79]. Antioxidantactivity is one of the most important properties of these compounds, since they are efficient proton donors. By accepting electrons, polyphenonic groups form stable radicals [73]. When discussing the content of pigments in plants, such as carotenoids and chlorophylls, their concentration gives us valuable information on the level of stress a plant is experiencing, as well as the extension of stress endurance [80]. The health-beneficial properties of carotenoids are well known, and they are claimed to prevent human diseases like cancer [81; 82; 83], osteoporosis, neurodegenerative disorders [84], lung diseases [85], cardiovascular diseases, and age-related disorders [86]. Some of the carotenoids are a dietary source of vitamin A which is involved in the regulation of hormone synthesis, immune system, as well as growth and differentiation of skin cells [87; 88]. More details on the health benefits of different carotenoids can be found in a review paper by [PERSON] et al. [89]. Chlorophyll has a similar structure to hemoglobin and may regenerate or act as a substitution for hemoglobin in hemoglobin deficiency conditions. It is important to mention some of the known health benefits of higher chlorophyll intake. Chlorophylls are important for many biological functions, both in plants and animals. They have a significant influence on human health because they are involved in maintaining healthy gut microbiota [90], and they exhibit antioxidant and antimicrobial properties [91]. Some studies revealed that chlorophylls act antimutagenic [92] and antigenotoxic [93], while some studies reveal in vivo [94] and in vitro [95] chemo-preventive effects in humans [96]. The use of chlorophyll-rich juices is recommended for the treatment of thalassemia and hemolytic anemia [97], and has important anticancer functions [98; 99].