## 4 Results
### Changes in Awareness before and after SW - AI Training
#### 4.2.6 Feelings on SW \(\cdot\) AI  
Short-answer questions were analyzed pre-camp and post-camp in order to check changes in camp participants' feelings on SW and AI. As a starter, TF-IDF analysis was carried out based on thoughts students shared pre-camp. Meaningless words prior to data analysis were removed, and words with similar meaning were modified into a single word to enhance accuracy of data processing. Words with high TF-IDF in the response analysis results pre-camp were in the order of \"fun\", \"interest\", \"expect\", \"hard\", and \"happy\". Negative words such as \"don't know\", \"annoy\", \"tough\", and \"sad\" were also \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & & **Number** & **Mean** &
\begin{tabular}{c} **Standard** \\ **Deviation** \\ \end{tabular} & \(t\) & \(p\) & _Cohen’s d_ \\ \hline
1 st Camp & Pre & 80 & 3.21 & 1.053 & \(-\)1.247 & 0.213 & 0.054 \\  & Post & 67 & 3.30 & 1.060 & & & \\
2 nd Camp & Post & 67 & 3.36 & 1.015 & \(-\)1.498 & 0.135 & 0.065 \\  & Pre & 57 & 3.26 & 1.088 & \(-\)3.880 *** & 0.000 & 0.200 \\  & Post & 57 & 3.48 & 1.060 & \(-\)3.880 *** & 0.000 & 0.200 \\  & Pre & 50 & 3.04 & 0.870 & \(-\)1.915 & 0.056 & 0.109 \\  & Post & 50 & 3.15 & 0.989 & \(-\)1.915 & 0.056 & 0.109 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 8: Pre-camp and post-camp \(t\)-test results on interest in jobs related to SW \(\cdot\) AI. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & & **Number** & **Mean** &
\begin{tabular}{c} **Standard** \\ **Deviation** \\ \end{tabular} & \(t\) & \(p\) & _Cohen’s d_ \\ \hline
1 st Camp & Pre & 80 & 2.64 & 1.133 & \(-\)4.199 *** & 0.000 & 0.211 \\  & Post & 67 & 2.94 & 1.033 & \(-\)4.199 *** & 0.000 & 0.211 \\
2 nd Camp & Post & 67 & 2.91 & 1.033 & 0.0637 & 0.524 & 0.039 \\  & Pre & 57 & 2.79 & 1.072 & \(-\)2.886 *** & 0.004 & 0.170 \\  & Post & 57 & 2.96 & 1.206 & \(-\)2.886 *** & 0.004 & 0.170 \\
4 th Camp & Pre & 50 & 2.77 & 0.955 & \(-\)1.803 & 0.073 & 0.118 \\  & Post & 50 & 2.88 & 1.009 & \(-\)1.803 & 0.073 & 0.118 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 9: Pre-camp and post-camp \(t\)-test results of self-efficacy of jobs related to SW \(\cdot\) AI. high in rank. By contrast, words in the post-camp response analysis results were in the order of \"interest\", \"fun\", \"happy\", \"exciting\", and \"hard\", which indicate that the top five words were more or less similar. Out of the negative words discovered to be high in rank pre-camp, only two (hard and annoy) were in the post-camp results. The pre-camp and post-camp results of students' feelings toward \(\text{SW}\cdot\text{AI}\) analyzed via TF-IDF in the four rounds are shown in Table 10.  
Students' pre-camp and post-camp responses were analyzed via LDA topic modeling. Words were classified into five groups after numerous attempts, and the \(\lambda\) value was one. Analysis of the pre-camp responses included negative words in Groups 1, 3, 4, and 5. Analysis of the post-camp responses included negative words in Groups 2, 3, and 5 and \"boring\", which is a negative word that was not in the higher-ranked words in the TF-IDF analysis included in Group 5. The pre-camp and post-camp results of students' feelings toward \(\text{SW}\cdot\text{AI}\) analyzed via TF-IDF in the four rounds are shown in Table 11.  
Figure 2 is a schematized analysis of students' feelings on \(\text{SW}\cdot\text{AI}\) pre-camp via LDA topic modeling. Group 1 was made up of high-frequency words, which reflects the biggest topic size of Group 1, and the main result of the pre-camp response. The overlapping of words in Group 2 and Group 5 suggests poor feasibility of differentiation. Figure 3 schematizes the LDA topic modeling analysis results of feelings on \(\text{SW}\cdot\text{AI}\) post-camp. The topic size of Group 1 and Group 2 appears to be the same, and there is no overlapping group.