## 3 Results and Discussion  
### Analysis of Metabolites  
The volatile components of the thirteen Zingiberaceae fruits were determined by GC-MS, and a total of 81 metabolites were successfully identified, with 27, 42, 44, 44, 33, 45, 47, 49, 36, 34, 40, 44, and 32 volatile metabolites obtained, respectively. They included a wide variety of terpenoids, aldehydes, esters, alcohols, ketones, hydrocarbons, phenols, and other metabolites (Figure 1). Among them, terpenoids had the highest proportion in all samples and most terpenoids were monoterpenoids. It can be seen that the proportion of terpenoids in the detected volatile compounds in different samples ranged from 42.55% to 66.67%. It indicates that terpenoids play an important role in Zingiberaceae spices. The main volatile components of the thirteen Zingiberaceae fruits are shown in Table 1. It can be seen that the main components of these thirteen Zingiberaceae spices are mostly terpenoids. The metabolite with the highest relative content in _Amomum koenigii_, _Amomum villosum_, and _Zingiber striolatum_ was linalool. 1,8-cineole was the metabolite with the highest relative content in _Amomum krawnh_, _Amomum tsaoko_, _Alpinia zerumbet_, and _Alpinia japonica_. In addition, borneol, (-)-\(\beta\)-pinene, (Z)-2-decenal, cryophyllene, estragole, and citral were detected as the metabolites with the highest relative content in each sample from _Amomum longiligulare_, _Amomum maximum_, _Amomum paratsaoko_, _Alpinia salanga_, _Alpinia katsumadai_, and _Alpinia oxyphylla_, respectively. The results indicate that Zingiberaceae plants have significant differences in their relative content; this is also an important reason why they have different biological activities. Figure 1: The compound classification diagram of thirteen Zingiberaceae spices. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Name** & **Main Volatile Components** & **Compound Classification** & **Relative Content * (\%)** \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{_Anomum koenigii_} & \begin{tabular}{c} Linalool \\ Camphene \\ (–)-Camphor \\ \end{tabular}  & \begin{tabular}{c} Monoterpenes \\ Monoterpenes \\ Monoterpenes \\ Monoterpenes \\ Monoterpenes \\ Monoterpenes \\ Monoterpenes \\ Monoterpenes \\ Monoterpenes \\ \end{tabular}  & \begin{tabular}{c} 1.9096 \(\pm\) 0.1795 \\ 1.5867 \(\pm\) 0.5335 \\ 1.1778 \(\pm\) 0.2981 \\ 0.4300 \\ \end{tabular}  \\  & \begin{tabular}{c} Limonene \\ \(\alpha\)-Pinene \\ \end{tabular}  & \begin{tabular}{c} Monoterpenes \\ Monoterpenes \\ Monoterpenes \\ Monoterpenes \\ Monoterpenes \\ \end{tabular}  & \begin{tabular}{c} 1.0783 \(\pm\) 0.7768 \\ 0.9384 \(\pm\) 0.1091 \\ \end{tabular}  \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{_Anomum kravanh_} & \begin{tabular}{c} 1,8-Cineole \\ \(\beta\)-Selinene \\ \(\alpha\)-Pinene \\ \end{tabular}  & \ \begin{tabular}{c} Monoterpenes \\ Sesquiterpenes \\ Monoterpenes \\ Monoterpenes \\ Monoterpenes \\ \end{tabular}  &
\begin{tabular}{c} 8.6057 \(\pm\) 2.3572 \\ 3.3511 \(\pm\) 0.2210 \\ 2.6347 \(\pm\) 0.4049 \\ 2.3827 \(\pm\) 1.7027 \\ 2.0574 \(\pm\) 0.2369 \\ 2.0574 \(\pm\) 0.2369 \\ 2  
The existing research has shown that the main components of the _Amomum kn-vanh_ fruit are 1,8-cineole, \(\alpha\)-pinene, \(\alpha\)-terpinene, and \(\beta\)-pinene [23]. The main chemical components of the _Amomum longiligulare_ fruit are (-)-bornyl acetate, D-camphor, (E)-nerolidol, camphor, and D-limonene [24]. The main components of _Amomum tsaoko_ are 1,8-cineole, \(\alpha\)-pinene, \(\alpha\)-terpinene, and \(\beta\)-pinane [23]. The main components of _Amomum tsaoko_ are 1,8-cineole, \(\alpha\)-pinene  
1,8-cineole, \(\beta\)-pinene, \(\alpha\)-phellandrene, \(\alpha\)-terpineol, geraniol, and geraniol [25]. The main components of _Amomum villosum_ are camphor, bornyl acetate, \(\beta\)-laurene, \(\alpha\)-phellandrene, limonene, terpinene, and linalool [26]. The main components of _Amomum maximum_ are \(\beta\)-pinene, \(\beta\)-caryophyllene, \(\alpha\)-pinene, sylvestrene, and \(\delta\)-cadinene [27].