## 3 Results and Discussion
### Environmental Impact of Dust Storms and Wind Erosion
#### 3.7.2 Sensitivity Analysis of Wind-Erosion and Dust-Deposition Impacts in Al-Baha  
Figure 9 provides data on the sensitivity of various sites in the Al-Baha region to wind erosion, wind surface disturbance, and dust deposition, measured in tons per hectare (ton ha\({}^{-1}\)). These measurements indicate the degree to which each site is affected by these processes, offering insights into environmental conditions across the region.  
The most vulnerable location in terms of wind erosion (0.00363 ton ha\({}^{-1}\)), wind surface disturbance (0.00608 ton ha\({}^{-1}\)), and dust deposition (0.01327 ton ha\({}^{-1}\)) is S11 (Nawan, Al-Makhwah Governorate). Given how frequently valleys catch and direct wind-borne particles, the existence of Wadi Nawan, a valley, may be a factor in the high dust accumulation. High sensitivity is observed in S6 (Al-Rumaydah Center, Oilwah Governorate), especially for wind erosion (0.00311 ton ha\({}^{-1}\)) and dust deposition (0.00955 ton ha\({}^{-1}\)). Wadi Douqa's topography may have a role in dust collection and wind-driven soil erosion; a wind surface value of 0.00515 ton ha\({}^{-1}\) indicates a considerable amount of surface disturbance. S1 (Wadi Sial, west of Al-Hajra Governorate) shows significant susceptibility to dust deposition (0.00949 ton ha\({}^{-1}\)) and wind surface disturbance (0.00531 ton ha\({}^{-1}\)). The region's geomorphology most certainly has a major influence on dust collection and accelerated soil erosion.  
Figure 9: _Cont._Nevertheless, of the locations under investigation, S5 (Ma'shouqa Center, Al-Qura Governorate) has the lowest values for wind erosion (0.00168 ton ha\({}^{-1}\)), wind surface disturbance (0.00314 ton ha\({}^{-1}\)), and dust deposition (0.00585 ton ha\({}^{-1}\)). Due to either protective vegetation cover or less severe wind activity, this site is significantly less affected by wind-related soil-loss processes. Another site with minimal susceptibility to wind erosion (0.00181 ton ha\({}^{-1}\)), wind surface disturbance (0.00335 ton ha\({}^{-1}\)), and dust deposition (0.00617 ton ha\({}^{-1}\)) is S9 (Al-Qura Governorate). Al-Qura Governorate's environment seems to lessen the effect of wind on soil loss; this could be because of the region's topography, vegetation, or certain climate conditions that slow down wind. S10 (Bayda, Al-Qura Governorate) exhibits values that are similarly low in each category: dust deposition (0.00602 ton ha\({}^{-1}\)), wind erosion (0.00178 ton ha\({}^{-1}\)), and wind surface disturbance (0.00343 ton ha\({}^{-1}\)). The data's resemblance to S9 indicates that the Al-Qura Governorate region has a rather stable environment with few soil disturbances caused by wind.  
The overall difference in sensitivity among the locations emphasizes how localized environmental conditions play a significant role in determining dust deposition and wind erosion. Higher-sensitivity areas might need special attention when it comes to soil protection, especially those that are close to wadis. It is possible that the funneling effect of valleys, which can trap and concentrate dust particles, is the reason why sites like S11, S6, and S1 tend to display greater levels of wind erosion and dust deposition. On the other hand, the Al-Qura Governorate has several sites, including S5, S9, and S10, that continuously exhibit reduced susceptibility to wind erosion and dust deposition. These findings raise the possibility that the region benefits from naturally occurring protective elements like vegetation cover or slower wind speeds. These results are essential for creating site-specific plans that will improve environmental sustainability and lessen soil loss in the Al-Baha area.