## 4 Discussion
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Parameters** & **Defenders (\(u\) = 44)** & **Forwards (\(u\) = 94)** & \(p\) & \(\eta_{\mathrm{p}}\)\({}^{2}\) & **d** \\ \hline \multicolumn{5}{c}{**Load parameters**} \\ \hline Weave without puck [s] & 22.7 \(\pm\) 0.82 & **22.5**\(\pm\) 0.88 & 0.242 & 0.010 & 0.24 \\ Weave with puck [s] & 23.5 \(\pm\) 0.77 & **23.1**\(\pm\) 0.96 & 0.014 & 0.043 & 0.46 \\ Slap shot 1 before test [km.h\({}^{-1}\)] & **129**\(\pm\) 10.1 & 125 \(\pm\) 10.1 & 0.065 & 0.025 & 0.40 \\ Slap shot 2 before test [km.h\({}^{-1}\)] & **128**\(\pm\) 9.46 & 127 \(\pm\) 9.66 & 0.303 & 0.008 & 0.11 \\ Slap shot 3 before test [km.h\({}^{-1}\)] & **129**\(\pm\) 10.0 & 128 \(\pm\) 9.60 & 0.611 & 0.002 & 0.10 \\ Wrist shot 1 before test [km.h\({}^{-1}\)] & **106**\(\pm\) 6.53 & 106 \(\pm\) 7.07 & 0.958 & 0.000 & 0 \\ Wrist shot 2 before test [km.h\({}^{-1}\)] & **106**\(\pm\) 6.87 & 106 \(\pm\) 7.16 & 0.982 & 0.000 & 0 \\ Wrist shot 3 before test [km.h\({}^{-1}\)] & 106 \(\pm\) 7.03 & **106**\(\pm\) 6.86 & 0.830 & 0.000 & 0 \\ Goals before test & **4.45**\(\pm\) 1.01 & 4.40 \(\pm\) 1.00 & 0.785 & 0.001 & 0.05 \\ Slap shot 1 after test [km.h\({}^{-1}\)] & **120**\(\pm\) 9.61 & 117 \(\pm\) 9.22 & 0.134 & 0.016 & 0.32 \\ Slap shot 2 after test [km.h\({}^{-1}\)] & **120**\(\pm\) 9.29 & 119 \(\pm\) 9.76 & 0.395 & 0.005 & 0.11 \\ Slap shot 3 after test [km.h\({}^{-1}\)] & 120 \(\pm\) 9.39 & 119 \(\pm\) 10.0 & 0.555 & 0.003 & 0.10 \\ Wrist shot 3 after test [km.h\({}^{-1}\)] & 98 \(\pm\) 7.58 & **99**\(\pm\) 7.57 & 0.826 & 0.000 & 0.04 \\ Wrist shot 2 after test [km.h\({}^{-1}\)] & 98 \(\pm\) 7.78 & **99**\(\pm\) 7.57 & 0.737 & 0.001 & 0 \\ Wrist shot 3 after test [km.h\({}^{-1}\)] & **99**\(\pm\) 7.78 & 99 \(\pm\) 8.01 & 0.986 & 0.000 & 0 \\ Goals after test & **4.86**\(\pm\) 0.74 & 4.49 \(\pm\) 1.06 & 0.037 & 0.032 & 0.41 \\ \hline \multicolumn{5}{c}{**Stress parameters**} \\ \hline Lactate rm 2 [mmol.L\({}^{-1}\)] & **12.3**\(\pm\) 2.58 & 11.8 \(\pm\) 2.08 & 0.211 & 0.011 & 0.22 \\ Lactate rm 6 [mmol.L\({}^{-1}\)] & **14.4**\(\pm\) 2.77 & 13.7 \(\pm\) 2.55 & 0.137 & 0.016 & 0.26 \\ Lactate rm 10 [mmol.L\({}^{-1}\)] & **13.7**\(\pm\) 3.00 & 13.0 \(\pm\) 2.85 & 0.173 & 0.014 & 0.24 \\ Heart rate rm 0 [b-min\({}^{-1}\)] & **181**\(\pm\) 7.54 & 180 \(\pm\) 8.42 & 0.365 & 0.006 & 0.13 \\ Heart rate rm 2 [b-min\({}^{-1}\)] & **140**\(\pm\) 12.5 & 137 \(\pm\) 12.0 & 0.175 & 0.013 & 0.25 \\ Heart rate rm 6 [b-min\({}^{-1}\)] & **110**\(\pm\) 10.1 & 107 \(\pm\) 9.46 & 0.052 & 0.028 & 0.31 \\ Heart rate rm 10 [b-min\({}^{-1}\)] & **107**\(\pm\) 9.70 & 103 \(\pm\) 9.47 & 0.057 & 0.026 & 0.42 \\ \hline \multicolumn{5}{c}{**Calculated parameters**} \\ \hline Lactate degradation rate per minute, & 0.17 \(\pm\) 0.20 & **0.19**\(\pm\) 0.19 & 0.765 & 0.001 & 0.10 \\ rm 6 to rm 10 [mmol.L\({}^{-1}\)/min] & & & & & \\ Recovery heart rate (relative), & & & & & \\ rm 0 to rm 10 [\%] & 41.1 \(\pm\) 5.04 & **42.6**\(\pm\) 4.04 & 0.060 & 0.026 & 0.33 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 7: \(Cont.\)running) and the specific environment (off-ice vs. on-ice) are critical [29] but necessary [30] factors for the functionality and validity of the test results. The results from this real-life data collection underline the findings from different studies [11; 12] that show that the differences between field positions are minor. Defenders only showed advantages for backward skating and shot velocity, especially concerning the slap shot. [PERSON] et al. [12] investigated the largest sample with 145 elite and 111 sub-elite male ice hockey players from the Danish ice hockey division. From a practical point of view, that means that there is no need to strictly distinguish forwards and defenders within the physical on-ice workout. [PERSON] et al. [31] recruited a comparable sample (\(n=120\) vs. \(n=138\)) of male ice hockey players (National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division 1). Our data showed a similar position distribution (62% defenders vs. 66% forwards) to previous studies [31].