## 8 Blockchain in Autonomous Vehicles
### Benefits in AVs  
Most research has focused on the crucial role that blockchain technology may play in the process of transforming autonomous cars. Both the [119; 127] are investigating the myriad of ways that blockchain technology might enhance cyber security, consequently producing an impenetrable and reliable infrastructure for the real-time transfer of vehicle telemetry data. The safety of sensitive vehicle data may be significantly improved by using the features of blockchain technology that make it inherently secure and impervious to change. The discussion is brought to a higher level by [PERSON]'s presentation of a novel framework known as the blockchain-enabled autonomous vehicular social network (AVSN) [128]. This cutting-edge architecture not only protects information transmission using cryptographic protocols but also deftly orchestrates an incentive system for connected autonomous vehicles (CAVs), which encourages them to distribute material that can be verified and trusted. This helps to maintain the integrity of the material while also building a culture of cooperation and trust among the many organizations that make up the network. This brings the ecosystem closer to being in balance. [PERSON] et al. [129] presented a larger perspective and provided a complete examination of the several ways in which blockchain technology might be used inside networks of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). This research study investigated a wide range of applications, including but not limited to enhancing network security, accelerating decentralized storage paradigms, fine-tuning inventory management, and boosting cutting-edge surveillance methodologies. The use of blockchain technology in the field of autonomous vehicles (AVs) has the potential to usher in a number of significant developments and advantages over a wide variety of domains. Listed below is an in-depth analysis of these cutting-edge advantages:  
* Blockchain-based collaborative crowd sensing (BCC) in autonomous vehicular networks (AVNs): Blockchain prepares the way for an unprecedented, safe environment that is favorable for intense data transfers and fair recompense. This is an important step in the development of pioneering vehicular crowd sensing. It does an excellent job of protecting the privacy of AVs while also assuring the efficient usage of resources in the process of completing tasks [130]. * Impenetrable security and uncompromised privacy: AVs, which are often afflicted by intrinsic security weaknesses, may find refuge in the arms of blockchain technology, which offers impenetrable security and does not compromise privacy. The blockchain eliminates reliance on any centralized entity, thanks to its decentralized philosophy, and the immutability of its ledger instills unshakable faith in the system. Its inherent design principles render it immune to both single points of failure and a wide variety of security flaws, making it a very secure system. The combination of blockchain technology and artificial intelligence (AI) creates a sturdy fortress that efficiently protects autonomous vehicles (AVs) from a wide variety of dangerous threats [131]. * Uncompromisable data integrity: The combination of blockchain technology and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) that are incorporated into autonomous vehicles (AVs) acts as a stronghold for data-related security. This hybrid approach may be further strengthened by the use of AI, opening the path for an integrated security fabric that is both robust and adaptable [132]. * Efficient privacy preservation conventional federated learning (FL) systems, which utilize direct raw data transfers to servers, are known for the privacy issues that they invoke. Although blockchain may be a helpful tool in protecting users' privacy, doing so comes at the expense of increased computing load. The implementation of gradient encryption in FL makes it possible to encrypt data in situ. This is made possible by using the processing power of edge devices.