## 1 Introduction  
The growing urban expansion and rising vehicle numbers have markedly intensified the complexity and harshness of the electromagnetic environment for vehicular communications. These developments present significant challenges to vehicular electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) that cannot be overlooked [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]. Electromagnetic interference (EMI) can lead to various complications [9, 10, 11, 12, 13], including degraded communication quality, interruptions in normal communication processes, and potential safety risks. Given the importance of vehicular driving safety and communication reliability, it is essential to conduct EMC evaluations in urban environments [14; 15; 16; 17]. Previous studies [14; 15; 16; 17] addressed EMC evaluation standards and simulation approaches, but gaps remain in EMC evaluation for vehicular communication systems. Due to advancements in vehicular electronic technology, conventional evaluation methods have become outdated and inadequate for assessing EMC in vehicular communication systems [14; 15; 18; 19; 20]. Recent studies [15; 18; 19; 20] explored niche EMC aspects such as wireless charging and improved weighting methods; however, these studies fail to address critical issues including the subjectivity in determining evaluation indicator weights and the lack of a combined quantitative-qualitative approach in evaluation results. Traditional methods face four key limitations: (1) Reliance on lab-based settings limits real-world applicability; (2) subjective selection of EMC indicators often fails to align with communication requirements; (3) subjective determination of indicator weights reduces accuracy; and (4) the lack of integration between qualitative/quantitative methods undermines completeness. In recent years, the rapid development of remote sensing technology has made the acquisition of remote sensing data more accessible, particularly high-resolution remote sensing images. High-resolution remote sensing data enables city modeling for signal propagation analysis [21; 22; 23; 24; 25; 26; 27], with methods like SBL-based REM [22; 24; 27] offering ray-tracing capabilities. These high-resolution images enable detailed city modeling essential for realistic simulation of propagation effects critical to EMC, such as signal attenuation and diffraction losses from urban structures. The application of high-resolution satellite remote sensing images to EMC evaluation of urban vehicular communication systems has significant advantages, including improved accuracy, enhanced realism, and a systematic approach, ultimately contributing to the optimization of vehicular communication systems. To overcome these limitations, a novel EMC evaluation method based on remote sensing images for urban vehicular communication systems is introduced in this paper. The main contributions of this article are as follows:  
1. High-resolution satellite remote sensing image technology is employed to acquire urban geographic information data. A communication link model for the urban environment is established based on an accurate city model, incorporating influencing factors such as building occlusion and diffraction loss. 2. Addressing the communication requirements of vehicles in urban environments, key EMC performance indicators for the communication system are selected from three dimensions: communication quality, anti-interference capability, and transmission reliability. A hierarchical structure model for EMC evaluation of vehicular wireless communication systems is developed, comprising the target layer, criterion layer, and sub-criterion layer. 3. The weights for the criterion layer and sub-criterion layer are determined using the quantitative technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) method and the qualitative analytical hierarchy process (AHP) method, respectively. A comprehensive evaluation of the EMC of vehicular wireless communication systems is conducted through fuzzy comprehensive evaluation (FCE). 4.