# Improving the Dyeability and Anti-Wrinkle Properties of Cotton Fabric via Oxidized Raffinose
## 3 Results and Discussion
### Anti-Wrinkle Finishing Process Optimized by Response Surface Methodology (RSM)
It also proves that the equation can be used to predict the WRA and analyze the anti-wrinkle property of the finished fabric. When the coefficient of determination (R\({}^{2}\)) is close to 1, means that higher the fit and more practical of this model. The R\({}^{2}\) of the model is 0.9560, indicating that the fit is good and can be used to predict the WRA of the fabric. The corrected coefficient of determination (R\({}_{\text{adj}}\))\({}^{2}\) is 0.9121, which means that the model can predict 91.21% of the response value change. According to the obtained quaternary quadratic regression equation, WRA's 3D response surface plots of the four factors were made by Design Expert 11.0, and the result is shown in Figure 4. The Figure 4a-f respectively show the WRA's dynamic changes of the four influencing factors in the process of finishing cotton fabric with oxyRa finishing agent, and the optimal value range of each factor. The slope of the curved surface can reflect the influence of two factors on the response value, the smoother the slope of the curved surface was mean that the interaction of the two factors had less influence on the WRA, while the slope was steeper, the opposite was true. The shape of the contour line in the figure can also indicated the strength of the interaction between the two influencing factors. If the contour line was elliptical, it means that the interaction between the two factors is strong, and if the contour line was circular, it means the interaction between the two factors was not significant. From the six response surface Figure 4a-f, the interactions between the concentration of MgCl\({}_{2}\) and pH value, curing temperature, and curing time were relatively strong, and the effect on the WRA was more significant. As the concentration of MgCl\({}_{2}\) was increased from 16 to 24 g/L, the change of WRA increases at the beginning stage and then decreases, indicated that excessive MgCl\({}_{2}\) cannot keep WRA increasing. When the amount of catalyst was 20 g/L, the WRA of treated fabric was the maximum. This was because the cross-linking reaction between the oxyRa and cotton cellulose may be achieved under the action of a certain pH and catalyst and a certain curing time and temperature. In contrast, the interaction between pH and curing temperature, curing time, and the interaction between curing temperature and curing time has little effect on the WRA. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Source**} & **Sum of** & **df** & **Mean** & **F** & \(p\)**-Value** \\  & **Squares** & **df** & **Square** & **Value** & **Prob \textgreater{} F** \\ \hline Model & 10363.90 & 14 & 740.28 & 26.54 & \textless{}0.0001 \\ X\({}_{1}\) & 4988.62 & 1 & 4988.62 & 178.83 & \textless{}0.0001 \\ X\({}_{2}\) & 107.16 & 1 & 107.16 & 3.84 & 0.0702 \\ X\({}_{3}\) & 50.14 & 1 & 50.14 & 1.80 & 0.2014 \\ X\({}_{4}\) & 139.40 & 1 & 139.40 & 5.00 & 0.0422 \\ X\({}_{1}\)X\({}_{2}\) & 137.71 & 1 & 137.71 & 4.94 & 0.0433 \\ X\({}_{1}\)X\({}_{3}\) & 45.36 & 1 & 45.36 & 1.63 & 0.2230 \\ X\({}_{1}\)X\({}_{4}\) & 0.89 & 1 & 0.89 & 0.032 & 0.8606 \\ X\({}_{2}\)X\({}_{3}\) & 20.57 & 1 & 20.57 & 0.74 & 0.4050 \\ X\({}_{2}\)X\({}_{4}\) & 2.66 & 1 & 2.66 & 0.095 & 0.7622 \\ X\({}_{3}\)X\({}_{4}\) & 59.52 & 1 & 59.52 & 2.13 & 0.1662 \\ X\({}_{1}\)\({}^{2}\) & 4054.32 & 1 & 4054.32 & 145.33 & \textless{}0.0001 \\ X\({}_{2}\)\({}^{2}\) & 323.96 & 1 & 323.96 & 11.61 & 0.0042 \\ X\({}_{3}\)\({}^{2}\) & 1456.70 & 1 & 1456.70 & 52.22 & \textless{}0.0001 \\ X\({}_{4}\)\({}^{2}\) & 98.01 & 1 & 98.01 & 3.51 & 0.0819 \\ Residual & 390.55 & 14 & 27.90 & & \\ Lack of Fit & 387.48 & 10 & 38.75 & 50.45 & 0.0009 \\ Pure Error & 3.07 & 4 & 0.77 & & \\ Cor Total & 10754.46 & 28 & & & \\ R\({}^{2}\) = 0.9637 & \multicolumn{2}{c}{R\({}_{\text{adj}}\)\({}^{2}\) = 0.9274} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{Adeq Precision = 17.319} \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: ANOVA table for WRA.