## 4 Conclusions  
Concluding, a novel bio-active material composed of zein and SCG extract derived antioxidant molecules can be produced combining a high pressure and temperature extraction method and innovative film forming processes. The films produced by solvent casting and spin coating, given their transparency and the greater mechanical and barrier properties compared to electrospun samples, could be used as primary packaging materials or as an internal layer in a multilayer film to carry out the antioxidant action on food with lipidic composition. In contrast, the materials produced by electrospinning could be used as antioxidant patches to be inserted inside the packages to prevent degradation phenomena, such as in packages of red fruits, on hamburgers or in packages of chopped fruit with a shelf-life of a few hours. As reported in the work, the different production methods tested can be applied to tune the rate of migration of the active agent, according to the specific application, planned shelf-life of the food, and the speed of food spoilage and degradation reactions. Active packaging made \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**SCG Extract \% \(w\)/\(w\)** & **TS (MPa)** & **EB (\%)** & **YM (MPa)** \\ \hline
0\% & 13.04 \(\pm\) 3.10 & 0.63 \(\pm\) 0.13 & 1860.12 \(\pm\) 368.22 \\
15\% & 10.64 \(\pm\) 2.06 & 0.92 \(\pm\) 0.32 & 1403.52 \(\pm\) 456.16 \\
20\% & 14.09 \(\pm\) 1.76 & 0.59 \(\pm\) 0.12 & 1846.83 \(\pm\) 237.96 \\
35\% & 13.66 \(\pm\) 1.61 & 0.76 \(\pm\) 0.20 & 1895.32 \(\pm\) 168.18 \\
45\% & 14.21 \(\pm\) 3.99 & 0.58 \(\pm\) 0.15 & 2128.25 \(\pm\) 661.24 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} The results are expressed as mean value \(\pm\) standard deviation.  
\end{table} 
Table 3: Mechanical properties of zein samples produced by solvent casting in terms of tensile strength (TS), elongation at break (EB), and Young’s modulus (YM) values. by solvent casting ensures protection against food oxidation is less intense initially but increases and is sustained over time, whereas electrospun mats allows an immediate and intense action to counteract oxidation for those foods that rapidly tend to modify their organoleptic properties. Furthermore, an intermediate action can be achieved by spin coated active films. Therefore, this work allows the identification of the potential and limits of three different film manufacturing techniques to produce antioxidant food packaging materials from agri-food wastes using green solvents. Furthermore, it has demonstrated their potential as alternative materials to non-degradable plastics and synthetic additives. Finally, this study demonstrated how by varying the production process, starting from the same raw materials, properties of the product can be drastically changed and adapted according to the intended specific application. These materials, being made using not only a biopolymer of natural origin but also natural compounds deriving from food waste, green solvents, and green processes, would allow contributing to the reduction of the volumes of plastic waste. Currently, the packaging sector contributes enormously to such waste and current management, especially in the agri-food sector, leads to huge greenhouse gases emissions and to pollution of soil and water. Therefore, active packaging that can be obtained from natural biopolymers combined with natural antioxidant agents, can counteract and slow down food wastage, which accounts for about 1.3 billion tons of waste per year of the total 1.6 billion tons of waste per year produced by the agri-food sector along the whole supply chain. Conceptualization, R.C. and G.F.; methodology, E.D., M.P., G.F. and E.L.; formal analysis, E.D. and M.P. ; investigation, E.D. and M.P. ; resources, R.C. and P.P. ; data curation, E.D. and M.P. ; writing--original draft preparation, E.D. and M.P. ; writing--review and editing, E.D., M.P. and R.C. ; visualization, P.P., R.C. and G.F.; supervision, P.P. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. This research received no external funding.