# A Comprehensive Review on Network Protocol Design for Autonomic Internet of Things
## 2 Autonomic IoT Network
### Autonomic Properties for IoT Network  
The fast growing needs for IoT applications have made the IoT networks dynamic with increasing scalability. The challenges faced by the IoT network are also increasingly complex. The level of the complexity requires an autonomic system that has self-awareness and is then able to perform self-management without human intervention.  
[PERSON] et al. in [7] listed the autonomic properties that are necessary for the IoT system. Based on the list, the autonomic properties which are important for IoT network infrastructure are self-adaptation, self-organization, self-configuration, self-healing, self-optimization, self-protection, and self-energy-awareness.  
In the context of IoT network infrastructures, self-adaptation is the ability of IoT network nodes to adapt to their conditions and the network. Self-configuration is the ability of IoT networks to perform automatic configuration for new nodes in order to join the network. Self-healing is the ability of the IoT network to detect the status of each node in the network and take action when failure happens on the node. Self-organization is the ability of an IoT network to organize itself when there is a topology change because a node leaves the network or new nodes come to join. Self-optimization is the ability of an IoT network to continuously perform automatic tuning in order to achieve the objective set, in terms of energy saving or quality of service. Self-protection is the ability of an IoT network to defend itself from attack. Self-energy-awareness is the ability of an IoT network node to survive by relying on their energy sources, which may be obtained from the surrounding environment.  
The autonomic properties can be useful to address the challenges in IoT network, as summarized in Table 1. The self-configuration property will automate the configuration of many different IoT nodes. Hence it can address the heterogeneity and the scalability problem. The self-healing property will help the IoT network to deal with the failure or disappearance of nodes, which is caused by energy desiccation or changes location. Hence, it can address the resource constraint and mobility problem. The self-organization property will keep the network running when facing the resource constraint, heterogeneity, mobility, or scalability problems. The self-adaptation property will make it possible for the network to adapt to the change of network condition caused by resource constraint, heterogeneity, or mobility of the nodes. The self-optimization property will enable the network to automatically tune itself for the best performance against the resource constraint, heterogeneity, mobility, and scalability problems. The self-protection property will surely address the security, privacy, or trust problem in the network. The self-energy-awareness property will seek energy sufficiency for IoT nodes. Hence it can address the resource constraint problem.  
Some autonomic properties of IoT network are very much related with each other. The self-configuration and the self-healing are needed to implement a self-organizing network. The self-adaptation is required to implement the self-optimization. The self-energy-awareness property is supported by the energy consumption reduction and the energy harvesting awareness of the protocol design. In this paper, four autonomic properties are taken as the framework to identify the support provided by the protocol designs, which are the self-optimization, the self-organization, the self-protection, and the self-energy-awareness. The IoT network infrastructure's autonomic properties are shown in Figure 3.