# Pragmatic Language Impairment: A Scientometric Review
## 3 Results
### Scientometric Indicators for the Study of Pragmatic Language Impairment  
Overview of PLI Studies from Scopus, Web of Science, and Lens  
In this section, we present the outcomes of the scientometric analysis conducted on the data retrieved from the Scopus, WOS, and Lens databases, with a particular focus on emphasizing the influence of specific concepts, authors, references, and emerging trends within the field of PLI. CiteSpace was utilised to visualise the top keywords with the most robust citation bursts from Scopus and WOS (Figure 9A,B). The green line represents the period encompassing all research, while a red line signifies the start and end of the burst period. Scopus identifies the strongest citation burst for \"language disability\" (26.51) between 1979 and 2012 and \"conversational characteristics\" (9.56) between 1991 and 2006 for WOS. The citation burst varies depending on the database. In WOS, we observed pragmatic disorder, PLI, and social communication disorder, whereas in Scopus, only social communication disorder is noted. In WOS, social communication disorder first appeared in 2012, while in Scopus, it emerged in 2015. Keyword co-occurrence is another crucial aspect. We created three visual network maps to depict the most frequently used keywords in PLI across the three databases using VOSviewer (Figure 10A-C). The colours represent distinct research directions within the study of PLI. Pragmatics-related topics are displayed in green, communication-related topics in blue, and autism-related topics in red (see Figure 10A). The colours vary depending on the database. In Figure 11B, green signifies topics connected to social communication disorders, purple denotes topics related to the theory of mind, and red indicates topics associated with assessment and diagnosis. In Figure 10C, the sky-blue region encompasses keywords relevant to aphasia and PLI, while the orange region represents social interaction. Figure 9: Top 10 Keywords with the Strongest Citation Bursts. Figure 10: Co-occurrence by Author Keywords Network Visualisation. **(A)** (Scopus) Pragmatic-related topics (Green), Communication-related topics (Blue), and Autism-related topics (Red). **(B)** (WOS) Social Communication Disorders (Green), Theory of Mind (Purple), and Assessment and Diagnosis (Red). **(C)** (Lens) Aphasia and PLI-related keywords (Sky-Blue), Social Interaction-related keywords (Orange). Figure 11: Co-citation by Cited Author Density Visualisation. We generated three visual network maps for co-citation and citation by author using VOSviewer (Figure 11A-C). Each colour represents a co-citation or citation network. Co-citations and citations increase in size as the circle gets larger. Co-citations and citations by the same authors can be found in all three databases. The list includes [PERSON] [35], [PERSON] [10], [PERSON] [59], and [PERSON] [60]. We generated three visual network maps utilising VOSviewer to represent co-citation and citation by source (Figure 12A-C). Each colour corresponds to a network of co-citations or citations for sources. A larger circle size signifies a higher co-citation or citation frequency. As per Figure 12A, sources such as the _Journal of Autism, Brain and Language_, and _Neuropsychologia_ appear to be the most frequently cited. Figure 12B presents similar outcomes using the WOS database, featuring more prominent journals (e.g., _Journal of Speech and Hearing Research_). The citation network for journals is depicted in Figure 12C, which includes the _International Journal of Language and Communication Disorders_, _Frontiers in Psychiatry_, and others. Figure 12: _Cont._  
Utilizing bibliometric data from Scopus, WOS, and Lens, we compiled the top 10 cited works in each database. After eliminating duplicates, these three lists were merged (Table 3). The ranking and list of cited works vary depending on the database used.