# Resilience in the Context of Cyber Security: A Review of the Fundamental Concepts and Relevance
## 4 Main Stages and Research Aims  
This section of the article is a follow-up to Section 3.3, where the main concepts of resilience presented by the authors studied were consolidated in Table 1. As can be seen in Section 3.1, there are various concepts of resilience with different definitions. Investigating \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Title** & **Category** & **Author** & **Year** & **PR** & **DT** & **RT** & **RP** & **AD** & **RC** & **LN** \\ \hline Understanding the management of cyber resilient systems & Cyber resilience & [27] & 2020 & & & & X & & & X \\ Organizational Cyber Resilience: Management & Stages of cyber & [5] & 2023 & X & & X & & X & \\ perspectives & resilience & [32] & 2015 & & & & X & & \\ Cyber Resilience—Fundamentals for a Definition & Cyber resilience & [29] & 2019 & & & X & & & \\ Information Security Glossary & Cyber resilience & [29] & 2019 & & & X & & X & \\ Cyber Resilience Progression Model & Phases of cyber resilience & [63] & 2020 & X & X & X & X & & X & X \\ Department of Homeland Security Risk Lexicon & Resilience & [17] & 2008 & & & X & & X & \\ ICS-CRAT: A Cyber Resilience Assessment Tool & Cyber resilience & [33] & 2019 & & & X & X & & \\ Resilience engineering in practice: a guidebook & Resilience & [18] & 2011 & X & & X & & & \\ Security and resilience—Organizational & Organizational resilience & [19] & 2022 & & X & X & X & X & \\ Does applying a circular business model lead to organizational resilience? Mediating effects of industry 4.0 and customers integration Cyber resilience models of systems for monitoring and operational dispatch control of electric power systems The relationship between slack resources and organizational resilience: The moderating role of dual learning Social media use, corporate entrepreneur, and organizational resilience: A recipe for SMEs success in a post-COVID scenario A Maturity Framework for Operational Resilience and Its Application to Production Control Developing Cyber-Resilient Systems: A Systems Security Engineering Approach CERT Resilience Management Model Presidential Policy Directive-Critical Infrastructure—Security and Resilience Cyber resilience recovery model to combat resilience zero-day malware attacks Resilience in the Cyberworld: Definitions, Features and Models Systems engineering handbook: a guide for system life cycle processes and activities Partnering for Cyber Resilience: Risk and Responsibility in a Hyper connected World—Principles and Guidelines Introduction to the Security Engineering Risk Analysis (SERA) Framework How can new-energy vehicle companies use organizational resilience to build business ecological advantages? The role of ecological niche and resource orchestration Cyber-physical resilience modeling and assessment of urban roadway system interrupted by rainfall & Stages of cyber resilience & [66] & 2019 & X & X & & X \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\begin{tabular}{l} PR = Preparation \(\mid\) DT = Detection \(\mid\) RT = Resistance \(\mid\) LN = Learning. \\ \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Mapping the stages of resilience in the reviewed literature. the concept of cyber resilience reveals nuances in its definition. The question then arises as to what it really means for an organization to have cyber resilience. Based on the various definitions of resilience brought by the authors in Table 1, different verbs that demonstrate capabilities such as responding, recovering, adapting, etc., were identified in the text. These capabilities can be observed at different moments (here called phases/stages) in a timeline in the face of an adverse event--a cyber incident, for example--that puts the organization's operations at risk if it does not have adequate cyber resilience. Thus, the research question proposed for this study is to understand which stages characterize cyber resilience.