## 3 Artificial Intelligence as Enabler for Adoption of Nuclear Maritime Ships
### Onboard Digital Panel Operation  
Instrumentation and control systems in the control room provide ship personnel with a comprehensive understanding of the vessel's current state, enabling them to take appropriate actions. Traditionally, these systems were analog, requiring operators to interact with physical knobs, buttons, and hardware displays. However, a major drawback of analog systems is their space requirements, as every instrument--including those rarely used--occupies physical space on the control panel [95].  
The advent of digital systems has transformed this landscape by replacing hardware-based instrumentation with software-driven interfaces. In this setup, instruments and controls are presented as software modules on a glass-based panel, significantly reducing the space required compared to traditional analog control panels [96].  
Notably, the vast array of virtual instruments and controls, along with the large volume of sensor data displayed on the panel, makes these interfaces complex and challenging to operate. Such interfaces often incorporate dropdown menus where multiple instruments and measurements are grouped together. Due to limited screen space, operators can display only a select number of instruments at a time, while the rest remain in the background. It is important to highlight that digital panels on nuclear ships will become even more complex, as they must manage a high number of instruments dedicated solely to monitoring nuclear systems [97; 98].  
AI can offer solutions to enhance the user-friendliness of digital panels. AI algorithms can dynamically adjust the interface layout, ensuring that the most critical information is displayed at any given moment. For instance, AI can assess the ship's current state and prioritize the information presented to the operator accordingly. Additionally, AI systems can personalize the interface by learning from the operator's behavioral patterns, such as gestures, reaction speed, and other physical characteristics, to optimize usability and efficiency [99].  
Additionally, AI tools can support human operators and mitigate errors related to human factors. Intelligent systems powered by explainable AI can run in the background, continuously assessing the operator's actions. If a discrepancy is detected between the operator's actions and the AI's assessment of the optimal course of action, the system can issue an alert and provide an explanation for the discrepancy [100]. This approach helps operators recognize potential mistakes caused by mistyping, rushed decisions, or confusion due to the complexity of the digital panel interface, ultimately enhancing operational safety and efficiency (and implicitly reducing human error rate).  
The use of LLMs can also greatly benefit operators by streamlining access to critical information. The vast number of protocols and extensive documentation generated by nuclear systems often results in valuable insights being buried within lengthy reports and datasets. LLMs can assist operators by quickly retrieving relevant information in response to a prompt, ensuring that crucial details are not overlooked. Additionally, when an operator requires a synthesis or summary of information dispersed across multiple documents, LLMs can efficiently compile and present the necessary data in a clear and comprehensible manner, enhancing decision-making and operational efficiency.