## 3 Results  
Table 1 shows anthropometric measurements and analytical determinations in PCOS and control subjects. Controls were older than cases (30.7 vs. 27.4 years old) and, as expected, cases had higher BMI than controls (25.2 vs. 23.5 kg/m\({}^{2}\)). Regarding body composition, we found significantly higher fat mass percentages in women with PCOS compared to controls (30.0 vs. 27.6%). No significant differences were found in the percentages of lean and bone mass between groups. With regards to glycemic and lipid profiles, compared to control women, women with PCOS had significantly higher levels of testosterone (1.3 vs. 1.0 nmol/L), insulin (15.6 vs. 10.4 mUI/L), glucose (86.6 vs. 83.1 mg/dL), HOMA-IR (3.3 vs. 2.2), and TG (74.2 vs. 63.8 mg/dL), and lower values of HDL-c (58.7 mg/dL vs. 64.9). No statistically significant differences in LDL-c and total cholesterol were found between groups (Table 1). Univariate linear regression was used to evaluate the association between body composition (fat, bone, and lean mass) and lipid profile (Table 2). \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Characteristics**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Controls (_n_ = 159)**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**PCOS (_n_ = 126)**} & \multirow{2}{*}{_p_-**Value**} \\ \cline{2-2} \cline{5-6}  & **Mean (SD)** & **Median (5–95)** & **Mean (SD)** & **Median (5–95)** & \\ \hline Age (years) & 30.68 (5.84) & 32.00 (21.00–39.00) & 27.38 (5.08) & 28.00 (19.00–35.65) & 0.000 \\ Weight (kg) & 63.66 (11.66) & 61.65 (48.21–90.05) & 68.54 (16.78) & 64.60 & 0.010 \\  & & 164.65 & & (46.72–103.20) & 0.010 \\ Height (cm) & 164.64 (6.00) & 164.65 & 165.00 & & 165.00 \\  & & (154.33–174.99) & 164.64 (6.56) & (154.07–175.33) & 0.995 \\ BMI (kg/m\({}^{2}\)) & 23.51 (4.29) & 22.41 (18.26–32.28) & 25.22 (5.63) & 24.02 (18.54–35.81) & 0.009 \\ Fat mass (\%) & 27.59 (7.23) & 27.30 (15.65–40.00) & 30.04 (8.01) & 30.46 (16.61–44.18) & 0.012 \\ Bone mass (\%) & 13.26 (3.97) & 14.34 (6.66–18.59) & 12.52 (3.78) & 13.32 (6.72–17.98) & 0.139 \\ Lean mass (\%) & 38.25 (7.55) & 37.82 (27.65–54.13) & 36.54 (8.35) & 36.44 (22.93–51.44) & 0.089 \\ \hline Testosterone (nmol/L) & 0.97 (0.49) & 0.90 (0.03–1.81) & 1.33 (0.61) & 1.25 (0.45–2.55) & 0.000 \\ Insulin (mUI/L) & 10.43 (8.73) & 8.30 (4.46–19.40) & 15.58 (14.40) & 10.70 (5.05–44.77) & 0.001 \\ Glucose (mmol/L) & 83.08 (9.75) & 82.00 (72.00–98.00) & 86.56 (18.52) & 85.00 (75.35–99.00) & 0.043 \\ HOMA-IR & 2.18 (1.97) & 1.71 (0.87–4.36) & 3.32 (3.10) & 2.29 (1.02–9.95) & 0.000 \\ TG (mg/dL) & 63.85 (28.01) & 58.00 & 74.21 (43.94) & 61.50 & 0.022 \\  & & (33.00–119.00) & & (34.35–162.60) & \\ HDL-c (mg/dL) & 64.91 (14.51) & 64.00 (42.00–96.00) & 58.66 (14.18) & 58.00 (37.30–85.00) & 0.000 \\  & & 94.00 & 94.00 & 94.00 & 94.00 & 0.682 \\ LDL-c (mg/dL) & 94.28 (24.59) & (59.00–132.00) & & (60.30–131.70) & 0.359 \\  & & 169.00 & 168.96 (27.54) & 169.00 & 0.359 \\  & & (130.00–218.00) & & (130.35–219.30) & \\ \hline Hyperandrogenism + Oligo/amenorrhea & & 14.2 (8.1–20.3) & & \\ Hyperandrogenism + POM & & 27.0 (19.2–34.8) & & \\ Oligo/amenorrhea + POM & & 15.9 (9.5–22.3) & & \\ Hyperandrogenism + Oligo/amenorrhea + POM & & 42.9 (34.3–51.5) & & \\ \hline \end{tabular} SD: standard deviation; 5-95: 5 th–95 th percentile; PCOS: polygenic ovarian syndrome. T-student/Mann–Whitney U-test compared with control participants. NS: non-significant; BMI: body mass index; TG: triglycerides; HDL-c: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-c: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HOMA-IR (homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance): (Insulin (mUI/L)X glucose (mmol/L))/22.5; glucose: mmol/L = mg/dL/18 ([PERSON] et al., 1985); POM: polycystic ovary morphology. Genotype distribution expressed as percentage (95% Cl).  
\end{table} 
Table 1: Anthropometric measurements and analytical determinations in PCOS and control subjects. An increase in fat mass was associated with an increase in TG, LDL-c, and HOMA-IR and a decrease in HDL-c in both the PCOS and control groups.