## 6 Nanorobot Architecture
### Data Transmission  
The application of devices and sensors implanted inside the human body to transmit data for a person health care can enable great advantages in continuous medical monitoring [89]. It can also provides an innovative tool for accurate and in time prognosis of contagious diseases. Most recently, the use of RFID for _in vivo_ data collecting and transmission was successfully tested for electroencephalograms [65]. For communication in liquid workspaces, depending on the application, acoustic, light, RF, and chemical signals may be considered as possible choices for communication and data transmission. Chemical sensing and signaling can be quite useful for nearby orientation and communication purposes among nanorobots [1,90]. Acoustic communication is more appropriate for longer distance communication and detection with low energy consumption as compared to light communication approaches [5,91]. Although optical communication permits faster rates of data transmission, its energy demand makes it not ideal for medical nanorobotics [92].  
Works with RFID have been developed as an integrated circuit device for medicine [70]. Using integrated sensors for data transfer is the better answer to read and write data in implanted devices. Thus, the nanorobot should be equipped with single-chip RFID CMOS based sensors [65,93]. CMOS with submicron SoC design addresses extremely low power consumption for nanorobots communicating collectively at longer distances through acoustic sensors. For communication, as well as for navigational purposes, the use of nanoacoustics for nanorobot interactions can effectively achieve resolutions of 700 nm [94]. For data recognition, the acoustic phonons scattered from the origin should be propagated at sufficient distances, and the acoustic wavefield should be measured by diffraction propagation. For the nanorobot active sonar communication, frequencies can reach up to 20\(\upmu\)W@8 Hz at resonance rates with 3V supply [91].  
More widely accepted and usual than an RF CMOS transponder, mobile phones can be extremely practical and useful as sensors for acquiring wireless data transmission from medical nanorobots implanted inside the patient's body. Cell phones can be a good choice for monitoring predefined patterns in various biomedical applications, such as helping in ubiquitous health care for real time influenza detection. To accomplish that, chemical nanobiosensors should be embedded in the nanorobot to monitor alpha-NAGA levels. The nanorobot emits signals to send an alarm, in case of detection of any alpha-NAGA protein overexpression, denoting when a person was contaminated with influenza. For nanorobot passive data transferring \(\sim\)4.5 kHz frequency with approximate 22\(\upmu\)s delays are possible ranges for data communication.  
In our molecular machine architecture, to successfully set an embedded antenna with 200 nm size for the nanorobot RF communication, a small loop planar device is adopted as an electromagnetic pick-up having a good matching on low noise amplifier (LNA); it is based on gold nanocrystal with 1.4 nm\({}^{3}\), CMOS and nanoelectronic circuit technologies [65,95]. Frequencies ranging from 1 to 20 MHz can be successfully used for biomedical applications without any damage [65].