# A Multi-Bandwidth Reconfigurable Patch Antenna for Devices in WLAN and UWB Technology Applications
## 4 Conclusions  
The presented work proposes a reconfigurable patch antenna for WLAN and low-UWB bands, boasting a compact design, high gain, and a stable radiation pattern. The proposed antenna has a simple geometry composed of three patches connected by two positioned PIN diodes. Activating these diodes provides different modes of operation. This design achieves bandwidth ranges from 2.35 GHz to 2.74 GHz and 3.88 GHz to 5.1 GHz, which are relevant for mobile communication applications. Additionally, an extra stub was loaded to ensure WLAN band capability.  
The validation measurements, taken from a fabricated prototype, matched the simulation results, indicating the effectiveness of the design. The compact dimensions of the antenna make it suitable for use in portable devices, such as smartphones and tablets, which require a small form factor antenna for wireless communication. The proposed antenna's robustness and high gain enable it to maintain a stable connection, even in low-signal areas.  
Overall, the presented work offers a novel solution for designing compact and efficient antennas for WLAN and low-UWB bands, addressing the challenges of mobile communication. The proposed design can serve as a basis for further research in the field of compact antenna design for wireless communication.  
Conceptualization, M.B.; project administration, S.B.; software, M.B., A.M.M. and F.A.; supervision, S.B.; validation, M.B., A.M.M. and M.G.-A.; writing--original draft, M.B.; writing--review and editing, S.B. and A.G.B. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Reference** & **Size (mm\({}^{3}\))** & **Substrate Type** & **Operation Band** & **Resonance** \\  & & & **(GHz)** & **(GHz)** \\ \hline
[18] & \(60\times 60\times 0.8\) & \(FR4\) & [2.3–2.6] & 2.46 \\ —— & —— & —— & [3.3–3.7] & 3.55 \\
[40] & \(38\times 29\times 1.6\) & \(FR4\) & [2.29–2.339] & 2.29 \\ —– & —— & —— & [3.4–3.449] & 3.4 \\
[41] & \(96\times 96\times 39\) & \(FR4\) & [2.4–2.485] & 2.422 \\ This work & \(34\times 30\times 0.8\) & \(FR4\) & [2.35–2.74] & 2.5 \\ —– & —— & —— & [3.88–5.1] & 4.4 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 2: Comparison with other antennas reported in the literature.  
**Funding:** This paper was published under the project eSAFE-UAV PID2019-106120 RB-C32 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033. [PERSON] received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under [PERSON] grant agreement no. 955816. The project website is [[https://eternity-project.eu/](https://eternity-project.eu/)]([https://eternity-project.eu/](https://eternity-project.eu/)) (last accessed on 1 August 2023). This publication reflects only the author's view, exempting the European Union from any liability. [PERSON]'s work is funded by a SCHLUMBERG REVUNDATION award ([[https://www.facultyforthefuture.net/](https://www.facultyforthefuture.net/)]([https://www.facultyforthefuture.net/](https://www.facultyforthefuture.net/))).  
**Institutional Review Board Statement:** Not applicable.  
**Informed Consent Statement:** Not applicable.  
**Data Availability Statement:** Not applicable.  
**Acknowledgments:** The authors wish to thank the laboratory of the M-group (FMEC) at KU Leuven Campus Bruges for providing us with the facilities to obtain the experimental data shown in this paper, namely to the test engineer at FMEC [PERSON] for assisting in the measurements performed.  
**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest.