## 2 Methodology
### Fabric Constructions  
The selection of fabric constructions for the purpose of this study was influenced by the need to create a textile product that would serve the multifunctional requirements of modern sportswear. These requirements included the ability to reduce the appearance of the \"orange peel\" skin characteristic of cellulite and provide moisture to the skin during physical activities. Apart from these cosmetic functions, the fabrics were determined to be able to maintain the primary characteristics expected of sportswear, such as durability and comfort. Thus, three commonly used fabric constructions in sportswear were procured (Table 1).  
Figure 1: The methodology flow of the research.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Sample Code** & **Testing Instrument** & **Test Standard** & **F1** & **F2** & **F3** \\ \hline Fabric Composition & - & - & Single jersey & Single jersey & Single jersey \\ \hline Fabric Construction & - & - & 87\% PA 10\% EA 3\% PUR & 93\% PA 7\% Ea & 86\% PA 14\% Ea \\ \hline Mass per unit area (g/m\({}^{2}\)) & Precision scales (Sartorious, Göttingen, Germany) & TS EN 12127 [28] & 288 & 290 & 231 \\ \hline Thickness (mm) & Digital textile thickness tester (SDL, Atlas, Rock Hill, SC, USA) & TS 7128 EN ISO 5084 [29] & 0.85 & 0.84 & 0.53 \\ \hline Air permeability (L/m\({}^{2}\) s) & Teatest FX 3300 (Teatest AG, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland) & EN ISO 9237 [30] & 174.5 & 27.2 & 35.4 \\ \hline Bursting Strength (kPa) & Truburst (James H. Heal \& Co. Ltd., Halifax, UK) & ISO 13938-2 [31] & 521 & 400 & 410 \\ \hline OMMC (-) & MMT (SDL Atlas, Rock Hill, SC, USA) & AATCC 195 [32] & 0.58 & 0.17 & 0.17 \\ \hline Thermal Resistance (m\({}^{2}\) K/W)(\({}^{3}\)0\({}^{-3}\)) & Sweating Guarded Hotplate (SDL Atlas, Rock Hill, SC, USA) & TS EN ISO 11092 [33] & 10.06 & 10.54 & 10.58 \\ \hline Water Vapor Resistance (m\({}^{2}\) PA/W) & Sweating Guarded Hotplate (SDL Atlas, Rock Hill, SC, USA) & TS EN ISO 11092 [33] & 13.264 & 14.255 & 14.124 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 1: Fabric testing instrument, corresponding standards, and fabric properties.  
During active sports, the body generates significant amounts of heat due to intense physical activity. In response, the body switches from evaporating water vapor to liquid sweat to maintain a stable core temperature. Consequently, the moisture transmission properties of sportswear, particularly liquid moisture management, become more critical than water vapor permeability. The Overall Moisture Management Capacity (OMMC) is a critical value that indicates a fabric's ability to manage moisture in all directions. OMMC is graded on a scale where 0-0.2 indicates very low moisture management capacity, 0.2-0.4 is low, 0.4-0.6 is good, 0.6-0.8 is very good, and values over 0.8 are considered excellent [34].  
The thermal resistance of a textile material is defined as the ratio of the temperature difference across the material to the heat flow per unit area. The magnitude of heat flow at any point within the material is inversely proportional to thermal resistance; the higher thermal resistance the lesser heat transfer [35]. Considering Table 1, Fabric 1 stood out with the highest values of bursting strength and air permeability. Upon evaluating the thermal resistance properties of the fabrics, it was found that Fabric 1 had the lowest thermal resistance, hence the highest heat transfer capabilities, making it the most suitable for thermal regulation during physical activity. The fabric constructions were found to have a low level of moisture management performance, with only Fabric 1 reaching a 'good' level.