## 2 Materials and Methods
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline
**Letter/Number** & **Question, (Type of Question)** & **Part/Section** \\ \hline a & In which region are you located? & - \\ \hline b & Select your profession among the following: & - \\ \hline c & How many beehives do you have? & - \\ \hline
1 & What diseases have you already heard about? (Sm) & A \\ \hline
2 & Can you give a score to each disease according to its impact on the & A \\  & honeybee health in your apiary? (Sm) & A \\ \hline
3 & Do you have other information you want to share about diseases affecting & \\  & beekeeping in your country (personal experience, global impact, evolution & A \\  & in the last years, etc.)? (Oe) & \\ \hline
4 & Do you think that observing good beekeeping practices alone, without the & \\  & use of active ingredients or medicines, could guarantee the health of your & A \\  & hives (regarding the following diseases)? (Sm) & A \\ \hline
5 & Do you think that veterinary medicines are necessary in apiculture to & A \\  & guarantee the health of your hives (regarding the following diseases)? (Sm) & B \\ \hline
6 & Have you ever seen a Varroa mite? (Cl) & B \\ \hline
7 & Which are the active ingredients you normally use in your apiary in the & B \\  & treatment against Varroa? (Sm) & B \\ \hline
8 & Before treating your hives against Varroa, do you check the level of & B \\  & infestation (mite count)? (Cl) & \\ \hline
9 & If not yet available, which active ingredients would you like to have in & B \\  & your country as registered and authorized ingredients? (Sm) & B \\ \hline
10 & Have you ever seen brood affected by AFB? (Cl) & B \\ \hline
11 & Are you able to diagnose AFB in your hives? (Cl) & B \\ \hline
12 & How did you diagnose AFB in you hives? (Sm) & B \\ \hline
13 & Which method do you think is the best to manage AFB? (Sm) & B \\ \hline
14 & What product is currently available in your country to treat AFB? (Sm) & B \\ \hline
15 & Do you think the products currently available in your country to treat AFB & B \\  & are effective? (Cl) & B \\ \hline
16 & Have you ever seen brood affected by EFB? (Cl) & B \\ \hline
17 & Are you able to diagnose EFB in your hives? (Cl) & B \\ \hline
18 & How did you diagnose EFB in you hives? (Sm) & B \\ \hline
19 & Which method do you think is the best to manage EFB? (Sm) & B \\ \hline
20 & What product is currently available in your country to treat EFB? (Sm) & B \\ \hline
21 & Do you think the products currently available in your country to treat EFB & B \\  & are effective? (Cl) & B \\ \hline
22 & How did you develop your beekeeping skills? (Sm) & C \\ \hline
23 & Are you well informed about the organization of beekeeping & C \\  & courses/meetings held in your region? (Sm) & C \\ \hline
24 & Do you think you receive appropriate technical assistance for your needs & C \\  & in the apiary treatments? (Sm) & C \\ \hline
25 & What amount of assistance would you need in your apiary for honeybee & C \\  & diseases/apiary management? (Cl) & C \\ \hline
26 & What amount of assistance do you actually get in your apiary for honeybee & C \\  & diseases/apiary management? (Cl) & C \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Structure of the questionnaire: questions are divided into three main parts A, B and C; type of questions (Sm)\({}^{1}\) = Semi-closed, (Cl)\({}^{2}\) = Closed, (Oe)\({}^{3}\) = Open-ended. A list of 13 different geographical areas covering all the continents was used to identify the user's location. The core part of the questionnaire consisted of 45 questions (Table 1), most of which were semi-closed (67%) or closed (27%) with just a few open-ended questions (6%), and was divided into three parts each investigating specific aspects of beekeeping.