# Toward a Modern Last-Mile Delivery: Consequences and Obstacles of Intelligent Technology
## 1 Introduction
Therefore, in the context of transportation, supply chain, manufacturing, and retail, the last mile refers to the delivery of products as the final leg of transportation. Organizations must develop new technologies and business models to remain competitive in e-commerce. LMD complexity to meet customers' expectations for speed, timeliness, accuracy, and individual delivery precision drives many businesses to strive for faster, better, and more reliable LMD than ever before [32, 33]. Furthermore, LMD is the least efficient process, accounting for up to 50% of total delivery costs; thus, improving LMD could help companies save money on their delivery process [6, 34]. Various businesses are currently looking for new ways to create and generate value using new technologies [35]. This could include robots or driverless trucks and vehicles, which could lead to a more efficient and sustainable LMD system [36, 37]. Several other innovations for improving LMD have also been introduced to help overcome the challenges. Amazon's most well-known innovative logistics system is one of these [38]. Amazon not only constructed warehouses in key cities but also created strong logistics software that streamlined the route, decreasing shipping costs by more than 30% in 2005 with enhanced delivery speed and accuracy [38]. Then, in 2009, Amazon introduced free same-day shipping in some US locations, with a customized delivery location and schedule [38]. The Last Mile team assists in delivering customer packages from delivery stations to the customer's door. Amazon has expanded its Last Mile delivery efforts, which has aided in shortening customer delivery times and providing new innovations to customers. This measure enhanced order volume and earnings while also placing Amazon as one of the most creative logistics and LMD businesses at the time [38]. While Amazon's innovative invention in LMD was useful and easy for customers, it presented a danger to other businesses. Many other businesses were obliged to follow Amazon's lead because customers came to anticipate and demand better levels of delivery services, despite their lack of Amazon's logistical and IT abilities. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [39], on a different topic, claim that autonomous vehicles, such as land-based robots, may be utilized for last-mile goods delivery to provide value for a corporation. Additionally, a self-driving or robotic car refers to a type of vehicle (autonomous) that has the capabilities of a traditional vehicle and can transport things and humans. A person can select a destination for themself, and they do not need to perform any physical tasks in the car to get there. A self-driving car, like all autonomous vehicles, can navigate by sensing its surroundings. The development of self-driving vehicles is accelerating. Starship Technologies, one of the industry's pioneers, is already deploying autonomous delivery robots to transport gifts and groceries in London and Washington, DC. These self-driving robots are capable of carrying near 3 kg of products, cost roughly EUR 5000, and travel at pedestrian speeds, delivering to consumers within a 4-mile radius [40, 41]. According to [PERSON] and [PERSON] [42], the current industrial revelation is a modern technology era in which industry will use technologies such as robotics, automation, and artificial intelligence (AI) to perform tasks intelligently while focusing on safety, flexibility, and collaboration [43]. Existing operational capabilities are dependent on knowledge, innovation, and technology; however, [PERSON] et al. [44] explain that technology can indeed be viewed as a means to improve knowledge sets. Even the logistics and supply chain industry reported cost reductions, improved organizational strength, and best practices due to technology, specifically AI implementation [45].