## 1 Introduction
### Evaporators in an ORC  
The heat exchanger is the component with the largest exergy loss and cost consumption in an ORC system. Common heat exchanger types include plate, shell-and-tube, and fin-tube heat exchangers. [PERSON] et al. [38] compared the heat transfer efficiency of plate heat exchangers and shell-and-tube heat exchangers under varying evaporation pressures and concluded that the plate heat exchanger had a lower cold end area requirement of nearly 40% at each pressure level. [PERSON] et al. [39] proposed a fuzzy normalized optimization screening method and used a genetic algorithm to realize the parametric optimization of the detailed models of a shell-and-tube heat exchanger and plate heat exchanger in an ORC. The heat transfer coefficient of the plate condenser was higher than that of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger, while the pressure drop was slightly higher. Similarly, [PERSON] et al. [40] compared shell-and-tube heat exchangers and plate heat exchangers in low-temperature ORC systems and established single-phase flow heat exchangers, evaporators,and condenser models with different configurations. The results showed that the ORC with the full plate heat exchanger performed better than the ORC with the full shell-and-tube heat exchanger. [PERSON] et al. [41] established models of plate heat exchangers and double-tube heat exchangers. The study found that the area requirement of the double-tube heat exchanger was almost twice that of the plate heat exchanger, whether it was for the evaporator or the condenser, which highlights the physical compactness of the plate heat exchanger. At the same time, when the two heat exchangers were used as preheaters and evaporators, respectively, the total heat transfer coefficient of the plate heat exchanger system was 2.4 times that of the double-tube heat exchanger equivalent system, and the effectiveness and evaporation temperature of the two heat exchangers were close. [PERSON] et al. [42] presented a thermoeconomic evaluation and comparison of four ORC configurations (ORC-PP, ORC-SS, ORC-FP, and ORC-FS) with a plate heat exchanger (P), shell-and-tube heat exchanger (S), and finned-tube heat exchanger (F) to obtain the minimum electricity production costs (EPCs). The results showed that the EPCs of the ORC-PP and ORC-SS were apparently higher than that of the ORC-FP and ORC-FS. Therefore, considering its high compactness, small heat exchange area, and the large heat transfer coefficient of its heat exchanger, the plate heat exchanger (PHE) performed better. Traditional PHEs are inappropriate since the refrigerants used in ORCs are corrosive, high-pressure substances. Brazed plate heat exchangers (BPHEs) are made of stainless-steel plates that are vacuum-brazed together using copper as the brazing medium. Brazed plates are thinner and have no gaskets, eliminating corrosion issues and allowing them to withstand higher temperatures and pressure differences [43; 44]. The experimental heat transfer properties of a brazed plate evaporator (BPE) during the flow boiling of R245 fa in an ORC system were investigated by [PERSON] [45]. The results demonstrated that the flow boiling heat transfer coefficient was dependent upon the heat flux and mass flux. [PERSON] et al. [46] compared the experimental performance of a brazed nickel foam plate evaporator (BFPE) and a traditional BPE with R245 fa as the working fluid. It showed that although the recovered waste heat and overall heat transfer coefficient of the BFPE were superior to those of the BPE, the BFPE had a greater pressure drop. [PERSON] et al. [47] investigated the impact of the heat flow, refrigerant mass flux rate, and saturation temperature on a BPE's convective heat transfer coefficients in an R245 fa-ORC system. It was found that nucleate boiling was the dominant process in the evaporator and the convective heat transfer coefficient showed a strong dependence on the heat flux and vapor quality at the evaporator inlet.