# Integrated Systems of a Solar Thermal Energy Driven Power Plant
## 4 Experimental Setup
### Simulation and Results  
A combined cycle power plant (CCGT) combined with a storage system is an exciting development in the quest for constant power. The experimental outcomes of both setups compare well. Based on the findings of the experiments, it is clear that solid-state storage devices are the best choice. Only now can we give such a comprehensive analysis and comparison of situations. Figure 5 shows the proportionate contribution to the module's total radiation, thermal loss, and thermal gain from each individual receiver. Unlike PV/T systems, conventional solar thermal collectors may be built with thermal loss-reducing features, like double-glazing and black selective absorbers, and they do not rely on PV cells, which lose efficiency at higher temperatures. High operating temperatures render PV/T collectors inefficient. A heat exchanger (HE) located at the storage tank's base allows the heat from a PV/T collector's HRF to be transferred to the water inside. This configuration is used in flat-plate thermosipohonic units (FPTUs) and similar systems. In contrast, the FPTU system's HRF uses an appropriately installed HE to move heat from the collectorsto the tank's central and upper storage areas. A comparable system may be produced by substituting evacuated tubes for flat-plate collectors. The area of solar radiation that a surface receives per unit area when held perpendicular to the rays that arrive in a straight line from the sun's direction at its present location in the sky is called Direct Normal Irradiation (DNI). The daily irradiation in Wh/m\({}^{2}\) is calculated when all the hourly readings are added together. Assuming a constant irradiance of 100 W/m\({}^{2}\) for 10 h, the total daily irradiation would be 1000 Wh/m\({}^{2}\), or 1 kWh/m\({}^{2}\). For 10 min values, the process is the same; however, after adding up all of the data, divide the total by 6. Every 10 min, the location's actual Direct Normal Irradiance (DNI) is determined and then averaged across an hour and a day. Therefore, the output of the Reflector = aperture area (SQM) \(\times\) avg. DNI for the day (kWhrs) \(\times\) efficiency factor. Figure 6 displays the average domestic product of the area in 2010. Figure 7 displays the thermal output of 60 SQM reflectors. The most common kind of reflector used in solar thermal electric applications is glass mirrors. In solar concentrators, Fresnel lenses bend and concentrate light rays from a broad region to shine on a specified target. Based on the intended function, the concentrator's construction material changes. Mirrors are the material of choice for solar thermal concentrators, while glass or clear plastic are acceptable options for BIPV systems. Compared to PV materials, these materials are much less expensive. The chemical properties and vast surface area of porous zeolite  
Figure 5: Proportionate contribution to the module’s total radiation, thermal loss, and thermal gain. Figure 6: DNI Radiation in kWhrs/day from avg. allow it to absorb significant amounts of nitrogen under high pressure. Air is compressed and passed over the zeolite in the oxygen concentrator, which causes the zeolite to absorb nitrogen from the air. The Static receiver obtains its charge throughout the day from the sun rays that are focused by the parabolic reflector, which can be seen in Figure 8. A charge is applied to the receiver in the absence of the front glass cover. The highest temperature that was measured was 400 degrees Celsius. Glasses with varying levels of lead content have thermal conductivities at room temperature ranging from 1.39 W/(m\(\cdot\)K) for pure quartz glass to around 0.51 W/(m\(\cdot\)K). The range of values for the most popular silicate glasses is from 0.92 to 1.21 W/(m\(\cdot\)K). Air has a thermal conductivity of only 0.028, but glass's thermal conductivity is 0.687, a 27-fold increase.