# A Comprehensive Review on Network Protocol Design for Autonomic Internet of Things
## 4 Identification for Autonomic Properties  
This review proceeds to the identification of the protocol designs to the implementation layer and the autonomic property supported. The protocol designs to support these autonomic properties include protocols for MAC layer, protocols for clustering, protocols for routing and protocols for security. These protocol designs can be mapped according to each autonomic property supported, as shown in Table 2. The identified autonomic properties are self-organization, self-optimization, self-protection, and self-energy-awareness. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & & & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**Autonomic Properties Supported**} \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Name**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Ref**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Method**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Self-Optimization**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Self-Organization**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Self-Energy-Awareness**} \\ \cline{5-8}  & & & & & **Energy** & **Energy** & **Energy** \\  & & & & & **Consumption Reduction** & **Harvesting** & \\ \hline \multicolumn{8}{c}{Protocol Designs for MAC} \\ \hline OD-MAC & [9] & Using beacon and opportunistic forwarding to maximize & ✓ & & & ✓ \\ (2011) & & data transmission & & & & ✓ \\ EH-MAC & [10] & Using probabilistic polling for equality & & & & ✓ \\ (2012) & [10] & and fairness in data transmission & & & & ✓ \\ QAEEMAC & [11] & Using beacon to prioritize data delivery & & & & ✓ \\ (2012) & & of urgent packets & & & & ✓ \\ ERI-MAC & [12] & Using beacon, data merger, and & & & ✓ & ✓ \\ (2014) & [12] & queueing to maximize & ✓ & & ✓ & ✓ \\ (2014) & & data transmission & & & & \\ SMAC & & Using contention window to adjust & & & & ✓ \\ (2013) & [13] & MAC duty cycle in solar & & & & ✓ \\  & & energy harvesting & & & & ✓ \\ RF-MAC & [14] & Using two groups of energy transmitter & & & & ✓ \\ (2013) & [14] & for RF energy harvesting & & & & ✓ \\ S-LEARN MAC & [15] & Using counters and scheduling to maximize data transmission & ✓ & & & ✓ \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Comparison of Protocol Designs for MAC. In the protocol designs for MAC layer, each of the OD-MAC, ERI-MAC, SMAC, RF-MAC, and S-LEARN MAC protocol use the energy harvesting information to support the self-energy-awareness property. Furthermore, ERI-MAC allows data merging for energy reduction in data transmission. The EHMAC and QAEEMAC also support the self-energy-awareness property, but they have a different objective. The EHMAC is concerned with the fairness among nodes in data transmission, while the QAEEMAC is concerned with the priority of data delivery for urgent packets. The OD-MAC, ERI-MAC, and S-LEARN MAC also have the self-optimization property to maximize the data transmission. In the protocol designs for clustering, as shown in Table 3, LEACH-TLCH, LEACH-AEC, LEACH-EECHS, and EE-LEACH provide method for CH selection to achieve energy consumption reduction, which can support the self-energy-awareness and self-organization property. Similar to those LEACH-based protocols, the DHM, FPOA, and SFA also support the self-energy-awareness and self-organization property. Furthermore, they also support the self-optimization property because they have mechanisms to achieve the optimal energy consumption using a bio-inspired algorithm. In the protocol designs for routing, as shown in Table 4, each of MODP, FTRA-IDA, HACOR, MILP, MFA, EEOG, FACOR, NDQIO, and CASER protocol has its own algorithm to find the optimal route that reduces the energy consumption. Hence, they support the self-optimization and self-energy-awareness property for autonomic IoT network. MODP, FTRA-IDA, MILP, EEOG, and NDQIO are based on a mathematical method and mathematical programming, while HACOR, MFA, and FACOR are based on bio-inspired algorithm. CASER have uniqueness in balancing the routing efficiency with routing security, based on security level required.