## 3 Results
It can be observed that for the surgical guide fitted with an incorporated irrigation channel (INT), the temperature increments are more tightly clustered together at generally lower values compared to the classical guide (CLA). In Figure 5, the boxes depict the interquartile range (IQR), which contains the middle 50% of the data, delimited by the first quartile (Q1) at the bottom and the third quartile (Q3) at the top. The horizontal line inside each box indicates the median (Q2) of each data set. The whiskers extending above and below the boxes represent the highest and lowest temperature increase values that are closer than 1.5 \(\times\) IQR away from each of the Q3 and Q1 quartiles, respectively. Values outside this range are considered outliers and are depicted by diamond markers in Figure 5. It can be observed that the position of the median, Q1, Q3, and the upper whiskers are located at higher values for the classical design, regardless of the drill being used. This finding suggests that an internally cooled guide provides superior cooling of the osteotomy site compared to a classical one. Table 1 lists the percentage of drilling instances in which the temperature increased by more than 10 \({}^{\circ}\)C from the baseline. It can be seen that, at each stage of implant bed preparation, individual temperature elevations exceeded the bone damage limit more frequently in the presence of a classical guide than in the presence of a guide with incorporated coolant pipe. Figure 6 compares the temperature rise while using the two surgical guides in terms of mean value and standard deviation. It can be observed that the internally routed irrigation channel design was more effective in dissipating the heat generated while drilling, showing  
Figure 5: Combined violin plots and box plots illustrating the local thermodynamic effects observed during osteectomies with two surgical guide types: internally routed irrigation channel (INT) and classical design (CLA). The panels (**A–C**) depict the temperature elevations caused by three drills used consecutively, in a rotational order (2.7 mm, 3.3 mm, and 3.7 mm in diameter, respectively). a significantly lower mean temperature increase. The corresponding \(p\)-values from the independent samples \(t\)-test are specified above each pair of bars in Figure 6.  
The discrepancies in temperature rise while drilling under the two types of surgical guides are depicted in Figure 7 using Bland-Altman plots. Compared to the classical guide, osteectomies performed with the guide with internally routed irrigation channel display negative biases of \(-1.48\)\({}^{\circ}\)C, \(-2.08\)\({}^{\circ}\)C, and \(-3.04\)\({}^{\circ}\)C for the three drills, respectively. Furthermore, the confidence intervals of the biases do not include zero, indicating a systematic difference between the two surgical guide types. The discrepancy is particularly evident for the largest drill (Drill 3), where the data points are normally distributed (Shapiro-Wilk \(p\)-value of 0.15). \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline  & **INT \({}^{*}\)** & **CLA \({}^{**}\)** \\ \hline Drill 1 & 1.79\% & 5.36\% \\ Drill 2 & 8.93\% & 17.86\% \\ Drill 3 & 17.86\% & 48.21\% \\ \hline
**Overall** & **9.52\%** & **23.81\%** \\ \hline \end{tabular} \({}^{*}\)INT = Internal irrigation channel design. \({}^{**}\)Classical design.  
\end{table} 
Table 1: Percentage of drilling instances in which the temperature increased by more than 10 \({}^{\circ}\)C for each of the two types of surgical guides. Figure 6: Mean temperature elevations (bars) \(\pm\) standard deviations (whiskers) next to the osteotomy site in the presence of the two surgical guides: internal coolant pipe design (INT) and classical design (CLA). The two guides are compared, at each drilling stage, as well as across all three stages combined (overall). The corresponding \(p\)-values returned by independent samples \(t\)-tests are indicated above each pair of bars (the level of statistical significance is set at \(p<0.05\)).