## 1 Introduction
### Medical Screening and Certification Prior to Space Travel
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**Tread/Hazards** & **Health Risks** & **Current Countermeasure** \\ \hline Hematology & Acute hematopoietic effects [7] & Shielding [7] \\  & Space-related hemolytic anemia [50; 51] & Screening and monitoring for hemolysis \\ \hline Neurology & Neuro-degenerative disorders and central nervous system changes [52; 53; 54; 55; 56] & Adaptive visuo-motor training, active sensory feedback to guide task performance, galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) \\ \hline Gastroenterology & Gut microbiota dysbiosis [2] & Probiotics, synthetic peptides, synthetic biology [35; 36; 37; 38] \\ \hline Cardiovascular & Accelerated atherosclerosis [3; 4; 57; 58; 59; 60] & Shielding [7] \\ \hline Ophthalmology & Radiation-induced cataract [61; 62] & No specific countermeasures exist \\ \hline Pulmonology & Lung adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinomas [63] & Shielding [7] \\ \hline Dermatology & Melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers [44] & Inflight telediagnostic system \\ \hline \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Others**} \\ \hline Nutrition & Nutritional deficiencies [64] & Telehealth and routine lab work for identification of nutritional deficiencies, and adequate supplementation as needed \\ \hline \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Syschologic distress [10; 65]**} & Stress-relieving breathing exercises and/or mindfulness/positive visualization exercises [66] \\ \cline{2-3} Mental health & Depression, confinement, isolation, immobilization lack of social interaction & Telepsychiarity, telepsychotherapy, space social media using LunaNet [68; 69; 70]. \\ \hline Altered circadian rhythms & Circadian de-synchronization and sleep loss [71] & Melatonin supplementation may be useful [72] \\ \hline Dust exposure & Extraterrestrial dust exposure [73] & No specific countermeasures exist \\ \hline Auditory exposures & Noise generated from man-made sources such as mechanical equipment (Noise/sound does not propagate in the vacuum of space and it requires an atmosphere to propagate, e.g., the pressurized spacecraft interior) [74] \\ \hline Unknown infections & Mission-threatening risks from unknown infections or novel bacterial/viral phenotypes [75; 76] & PPE and post-exposure quarantine [77] \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: _Cont._ \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c} \hline \hline
**Potential AI Applications** \\ \hline \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Risk Prediction Models**} \\ \hline Risk prediction models for development of cancer due to ionizing radiation exposure based on animal models [78; 79] \\ \hline Inflight AI assisted multi-omic research using the Edge TPU to generate novel risk prediction scores [80] \\ \hline Risk prediction models for the development of cardiovascular disease based on carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity obtained via Doppler ultrasound or AI-guided analysis of 3D printed tissue models [81] \\ \hline Risk prediction models such as the modified Astro-CHARM model which combines a patient’s CAC score with non-traditional risk factors associated with space travel (e.g., radiation exposure, microgravity exposure, dysbiosis of gut microbiota, etc.) to identify those at risk for accelerated atherosclerosis [82] \\ \hline Predicting antimicrobial resistance of novel bacterial species (e.g., _Methylobacterium ajmali_ sp. nov., _Methylobacterium rhodesianum_, etc.) based on whole genome sequencing data [83] \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Potential AI applications in space health.