## 2 The MPwise System
### Hardware
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{p{56.9 pt} p{142.3 pt} p{142.3 pt}} \hline \hline  & **Examples/Cases of Its Use** & **Description** \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{**Cases**} & Pre-event building and structural monitoring. & The system can be installed in residential buildings and critical facilities. It exploits ambient seismic noise and micro-earthquakes to characterize the seismic response of the monitored structure in order to constrain or update its structural fragility model [8]. \\ \cline{2-3}  & Pre-event landslide monitoring and early warning. & Landsible potential can be assessed using a network of nodes equipped with high precision GNSS and seismic sensors. The system can be used to obtain further data on the soil structure (by 3D tomographic analysis of the target area) and to detect and monitor mass movements [9]. The resulting information would then be sent to the appropriate users while warnings may be issued and other emergency measures supported. \\ \cline{2-3}  & Site amplification assessments & Information on the subsoil structure, and in particular the local S-wave velocity profile and the so-called V\({}_{30}\) can be extracted from seismic noise array measurements [3]. \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{**Cases**} & On-site earthquake early warning. & The system detects the first ground motion on-site and estimates the potential maximum shaking at the node level (e.g., at critical facilities such as hospitals, industrial plants, gas pipelines, etc.), allowing local emergency measures to be automatically conducted for loss mitigation [5; 6; 7]. \\ \cline{2-3}  & On-site earthquake damage forecasting. & The system can be installed in order to cover one or more buildings (one or several nodes for each building). A structural fragility curve for the monitored building (or an approximate model) is embedded at the node level, leading to the ability to forecast the extent of damage to the building, starting from the early shaking. If the system forecasts severe structural damage, a warning is issued and emergency measures can be undertaken [5; 6]. \\ \cline{2-3}  & Emergency communications. & The flexibility of the system can be exploited following the occurrence of an event to set up local emergency voice and data communication networks, both to connect different critical facilities and to support the operations of civil protection authorities [10]. \\ \cline{2-3}  & Earthquake post-event building tagging. & The damage that the system forecasts during shaking can be detected by comparing the frequency response of the structures before and after the event, or by using the on-board camera to detect a permanent drift of critical load-bearing structures. The system may then provide a preliminary tagging of the monitored building to facilitate civil protection operations. For instance, a building could be automatically issued a “red tag” if structural damage is detected, with a signal/alarm sent to the occupants warning them to leave the building, while also issuing a “priority for inspection” warning to reconnaissance personnel [11]. \\ \cline{2-3}  & Flood monitoring. & The system, when equipped with water-level measuring sensors, can monitor the evolution of a flood over both local and regional scales. An in-situ network could be deployed rapidly during the first onset of a flood, and be used to validate stochastic inundation scenarios and provide ground-truth for wide-scale assessments based on remote sensing approaches [12]. \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Examples of how the MPwise system could be employed. storage device. The communications hardware linked to the microcomputer board consists of two omni-directional dual-band antennas for WLAN communication and one omni-directional antenna for mobile communications. * The sensors themselves (see Table 2).