## 4 Discussion
### Input-Output Formats for Prescribed Tasks
The diverse functionalities of generative AI models in the domain of code generation highlight their potential in automating programming tasks and enhancing code development processes. Generative AI models offer a wide range of capabilities in the domain of image-to-image tasks. These tasks include blind motion deblurring of a single photograph, achieved through models like DeblurGAN [61] and DeblurGAN-v2 [56]. Generative models such as StyleGAN [4] can generate highly realistic and diverse synthetic images. Image blending can be accomplished using Gaussian-Poisson generative adversarial network (GPGAN [134]), while image compositing and blending can be achieved with geometrically and color consistent GANs (GCC-GANs) [64]. Models like exemplar GANs (ExGANs) [99], contextual attention generative adversarial networks (CA-GAN) [127], and PGGAN [126] excel in image inpainting or filling absent pixels. For face-related tasks, models like Age-cGAN [135], Conditional Adversarial Autoencoder (CAAE) [122], and identity-preserved conditional generative adversarial networks (IPCGANs) [136] are used for face aging and image editing. Other tasks include medical image analysis with SegAN; image super-resolution using mDCSRN [137] and SRGAN [90]; domain transfer using CGAN [81], CycleGAN [87], and DiscoGAN [88]; efficient texture synthesis with Markovian generative adversarial networks (MGANs) [141]; and cyber intrusion and malware detection using defense-generative adversarial networks [95]. These tasks demonstrate the versatility and effectiveness of generative AI models in various image-to-image applications. As discussed in Table 5, generative AI models have shown significant advancements in image-to-text tasks, offering a wide range of applications in real-world scenarios. The recurrent topic-transition generative adversarial network (RTT-GAN) [62] has proven effective in generating textual descriptions for images, which can find practical use in content analysis, image indexing, and automated report generation. The \"Show and Tell: Neural image captioning\" [59] model provides a valuable solution for image-to-text generation and captioning, enabling applications such as automatic image description for visually appealing presentations or enriching image-based search results with descriptive metadata. The DenseNet CycleGenerative adversarial networks (GAN) [54] demonstrate the ability to generate handwritten characters in specific font styles, presenting opportunities for personalized and creative content creation in areas like artistic designs, branding materials, or customized digital assets. Moreover, the visual language model Flamingo [109], with its question-answering capabilities based on image input, holds promise for visual assistance systems, interactive image-based tutorials, or intelligent image search engines. These applications highlight the versatility and benefits of generative AI models in enhancing creativity, accessibility, and user experiences across various domains. Generative AI models have significantly expanded the possibilities of video-to-video tasks. With models like MAKE-A-VIDEO [159], IMAGEN [160], and Tune-A-Video [104], users can now create text-guided videos that cater to their specific needs. These advancements open up avenues for personalized storytelling, dynamic marketing campaigns, and interactive educational content. Additionally, VSRResNetGAN [91] offers a solution for enhancing video resolution, which has practical applications in industries such as video generation, surveillance, and online meetings where clear visuals are essential. Another noteworthy model, the video diffusion model (VDM) Dreamix [106], introduces exciting features like video editing based on text input and animated image-text combinations. These capabilities enable users to unleash their creativity and find applications in various industries like advertising, entertainment, and communication. Image+text-to-image synthesis with generative AI models offers a range of powerful capabilities.