## 4 Results and Discussion
### Systems' Performance  
The effects of operating parameters (\(\Delta\)tsup, tf1, tw1, and MR) on the systems' performance indicators (tIORC, GORtHDH, COP\({}_{\text{DCS}}\), TGOR, STG, STGP) of the three proposed multi-generation systems (MGS-I and MGS-II) are given in Table 4 and Figures 5-8. Systems' performance indicators for the proposed systems at operating conditions of tf1 = 50 \({}^{\circ}\)C, tw1 = 20 \({}^{\circ}\)C, and MR = 0.25 are slightly decreased with increasing \(\Delta\)tsup. Heat input to ORC, HDH, and DCS increases with increasing turbine inlet temperature, which results in a drop in tIORC, GORtHDH, and consequently lower TGOR, STG, and STGP, for MGS-I and MGS-II proposed systems, the solar area, A\({}_{\text{solar}}\), increases as \(\Delta\)tsup increases (see Table 4). Increasing the amount of superheat at the turbine inlet requires increasing the solar input heat of the ORC. A comparison between the proposed multi-generation systems, Figure 5a, b shows that the system performance parameters (GORtDH, TGOR) of the MGS-II system are higher than those of the MGS-I system. Such a trend is the same at any \(\Delta\)tsup. Improving TGOR, STG, and STGP of the MGS-II system rather than the MGS-I system is attributed to the increase in total output system energy due to brine and freshwater heat recovery. This heat recovery increases heating capacity in domestic applications (\(\dot{Q}_{heating}\)), which improves the  
Figure 5: Impact of ORC superheat degree on the proposed systems’ performance: (**a**) GORtHDH; (**b**) TGOR. Figure 7: Impact of seawater inlet temperature on proposed systems’ performance: (**a**) STG; (**b**) STGP. leads to a reduction in TGOR and STG. Solar area, A\({}_{\text{solar}}\), decreases with increasing tf1 (see Table 4) for all proposed systems. This is because of reducing the required solar input heat to the ORC with increased condensation temperature. When comparing the proposed multi-generation systems, the MGS-II system has a higher performance than the MGS-I systems. This is attributed to the increase in total output system energy as a result of brine and freshwater heat recovery used for \(\dot{Q}_{heating}\). The effect of seawater temperature, tw1, on systems' performance indicators is also shown in Figure 7 and Table 4 at \(\Delta\)t\({}_{\text{sup}}\) = 45 \({}^{\circ}\)C, tf1 = 50 \({}^{\circ}\)C, and MR = 0.25. As shown in Figure 7a,b, the STG and STGP decrease as tw1 increases. Such a trend is the same for proposed systems. The increase in the water inlet temperature has no impact on the \(\eta_{\text{ORC}}\) and A\({}_{\text{solar}}\) (see Table 4). This is because of the independence of the solar heat source of the ORC and the heat liberated to the seawater inlet temperature. Similarly, comparing the two proposed multi-generation systems, Figure 7a,b show that the MGS-II system has the best system performance among the three systems within the studied range of tw1. Figure 8: Impact of mass flow rate ratio on proposed systems’ performance: (**a**) GOR\({}_{\text{HDH}}\); (**b**) TGOR; (**c**) STG. The influence of mass flow rate ratio, MR, on the systems' performance indicators is displayed in Figure 8 and Table 4 at \(\Delta\)tsup = 45 \({}^{\circ}\)C, \(t_{\rm{H}}\)= 50 \({}^{\circ}\)C, and \(t_{\rm{w1}}\)= 20 \({}^{\circ}\)C. As shown in Figure 8a-c, the performance indicators (GOR\({}_{\rm{HDH}}\), TGOR and STG) declined with increasing MR for the two proposed systems. Increasing MR, as a result of decreasing both air and seawater mass flow rates, with fixed \(\dot{m}_{\rm{ORC}}\) leads to a lower rate of evaporation in the humidifier and, consequently, a lower rate of condensation in the dehumidifier. Hence, lower values of GOR\({}_{\rm{HDH}}\) are obtained, as shown in Figure 8a. Moreover, increasing MR has no impact on the \(n_{\rm{TORC}}\) and A\({}_{\rm{solar}}\) (see Table 4). In other words, it becomes independent of the solar heat source of ORC and the heat liberated to the seawater inlet temperature.