# Analytical Hierarchy Process for Construction Safety Management and Resource Allocation
## 5 Conclusions  
Understanding the specific risks associated with different construction tasks and predicting these risks based on the nature of the work, duration, and worker profiles can significantly enhance safety on construction sites. This study highlights that fostering a corporate culture prioritizing safety and raising worker awareness of risk identification can reduce work-related accidents. To achieve this, a risk assessment that involves analyzing project-specific risk factors to formulate and implement an effective construction risk management strategy should be conducted. By identifying potential risks early, project teams can proactively address them. Project managers, safety managers, and workers on construction sites all play crucial roles in ensuring safety through informed decision-making and proactive risk management. In this paper, an AHP model was developed and tested for safety resource allocation according to their preferences regarding safety risks and safety costs. It incorporates safety performance and cost criteria for an optimal allocation of safety resources. The model's outcomes reveal that the safety risk criterion must be significantly higher than the cost criterion to acquire an optimal safety solution. The proposed methodology was tested on two case studies that differ in complexity and scope. In case study 1, the initial safety budget was 0.5%. Following a recommendation to increase it to 1%, the remaining safety budget was allocated based on the model's recommendations. Several technological solutions were adopted during implementation, including body cameras, drones, scaffolding adhering to European regulations, an additional safety inspector, and a traffic management worker at the construction site. The impact of these solutions was evident in the subsequent risk survey. After implementing the suggested solutions, the average risk associated with construction work decreased significantly, aligning with the expected outcomes from the model's recommendations. Although the deviation from the budget was relatively small for a USD 9M construction project, it underscores the importance of optimizing safety investments for each specific project. It is crucial to recognize that the potential costs of severe accidents far outweigh the expenses incurred by safety investments. Therefore, leveraging models like the one developed in this study is essential to ensure optimal safety practices and effectively mitigate risks. Case study 2, carried out in an infrastructure project, reveals that the _SIR_ of 1.8% was an excessive investment found not effective due to a lack of technological measures [45]. The results show that leveraging technology and utilizing advanced tools and software for construction risk management can significantly enhance safety performance. These strategies can help track risks, automate processes, and provide real-time insights for project stakeholders. By integrating these practices, construction companies can create safer work environments, reduce accidents, and improve overall safety performance. In addition, such advanced solutions can monitor risks throughout the project's duration. Regularly assessing risk factors, adapting strategies as needed, and staying informed about any changes or emerging risks are important steps toward mitigating work accidents [60]. The proposed model can be implemented dynamically in construction sites using safety key leading indicators such as near-miss events and the safety climate to adapt the safety weight in the AHP model and allocate safety resources accordingly. The limitation of the research is the limited scope of case studies; it is recommended to expand the research to SME construction projects and to assimilate the model with the safety and project management decision-making process [7; 9]. It is also worth noting that no investigations of near accidents were conducted before implementing this model.