# Adaptive Stacking Ensemble Techniques for Early Severity Classification of COVID-19 Patients
## 3 Proposed Method
### Preprocessing
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline
**Clinical Variables** & **Type** & & **Components** & **Patient (\(\mathbf{\mathbf{\mathbf{\mathbf{\mathbf{\mathbf{\mathbf{\mathbf{\mathbf{\mathbf{\mathbf{\mathbf{\mathbf{\mathbf{\mathbf{\mathbf{\mathbf{\mathbf{\mathbf{ }}}}}}}}}}}}}= 5644\))** & **Missing Values** \\ \hline \multicolumn{5}{c}{**Symptoms**} \\ _ACC_ & 2 categories & (1) & Yes & 33 (0.58\%) & \\ _(Altered Consciousness)_ & & (2) & No & 5607 (99.34\%) & 4 (0.07\%) \\ \hline \multicolumn{5}{c}{_VN_} \\ _(Vomiting)_ & 2 categories & (1) & Yes & 245 (4.34\%) & \\ _(Vomiting)_ & & (2) & No & 5395 (95.59\%) & 4 (0.07\%) \\ \hline \multicolumn{5}{c}{_DIARR_} \\ _(Dipartite)_ & 2 categories & (1) & Yes & 521 (9.23\%) & \\ _(Dipartite)_ & & (2) & No & 5119 (90.70\%) & 4 (0.07\%) \\ \hline \multicolumn{5}{c}{**Underlying Diseases**} \\ _DM_ & 2 categories & (1) & Yes & 701 (12.42\%) & \\ _(Diabetes Mellitus)_ & & (2) & No & 4940 (87.53\%) & 3 (0.05\%) \\ \hline \multicolumn{5}{c}{_HTN_} \\ _(Hyterfusion)_ & 2 categories & (1) & Yes & 1219 (21.60\%) & \\ _(Hyterfusion)_ & & (2) & No & 4422 (78.35\%) & 3 (0.05\%) \\ \hline \multicolumn{5}{c}{_HF_} \\ _(Heart Failure)_ & 2 categories & (1) & Yes & 591 (0.85\%) & \\ _(Charronic Cardiac Disease)_ & 2 categories & (2) & No & 5581 (98.88\%) & 4 (0.07\%) \\ \hline \multicolumn{5}{c}{_CCD_} \\ _(Charronic Obstractive)_ & 2 categories & (1) & Yes & 184 (3.26\%) & \\ _(Charronic Cardiac Disease)_ & & (2) & No & 5441 (96.40\%) & 19 (0.34\%) \\ \hline \multicolumn{5}{c}{_ASTHMA_} \\ _(Charronic Cardiac Disease)_ & 2 categories & (1) & Yes & 130 (2.30\%) & \\ _(Charronic Cardiac Disease)_ & 2 categories & (2) & No & 5511 (97.64\%) & 3 (0.05\%) \\ \hline \multicolumn{5}{c}{_COPD_} \\ _(Clronic Obstractive Pulmonary Disease)_ & 2 categories & (1) & Yes & 41 (0.73\%) & \\ _(Charronic Kidney Disease)_ & 2 categories & (2) & No & 5600 (99.22\%) & 3 (0.05\%) \\ \hline \multicolumn{5}{c}{_CMD_} \\ _(Chronic Kidney Disease)_ & 2 categories & (1) & Yes & 56 (0.99\%) & \\ _(Charronic Kidney Disease)_ & & (2) & No & 5585 (98.85\%) & 3 (0.05\%) \\ \hline \multicolumn{5}{c}{_MALIG_} \\ _(Maligant Cancer)_ & 2 categories & (1) & Yes & 146 (2.59\%) & \\ _(Charronic Liver Disease)_ & 2 categories & (2) & No & 5494 (97.34\%) & 4 (0.07\%) \\ \hline \multicolumn{5}{c}{_CLD_} \\ _(Chronic Disease)_ & 2 categories & (1) & Yes & 82 (1.45\%) & \\ _(Chronic Liver Disease)_ & 2 categories & (2) & No & 5236 (92.77\%) & 326 (5.78\%) \\ \hline \multicolumn{5}{c}{_RDAD_} \\ _(Rheutism or Autoimmune Disease)_ & 2 categories & (1) & Yes & 38 (0.67\%) & \\ _Automuture Disease)_ & 2 categories & (2) & No & 5274 (94.12\%) & 332 (5.88\%) \\ \hline \multicolumn{5}{c}{_DEMEN_} \\ _(Domentia)_ & 2 categories & (1) & Yes & 227 (4.02\%) & \\ _(Domentia)_ & 2 categories & (2) & No & 5088 (90.15\%) & 329 (5.83\%) \\ \hline \multicolumn{5}{c}{**Blood Test Results**} \\ _HGB_ & & (1) & Less than 11 (anemia) & 1504 (18.67\%) & \\ _(Hemoglobin)_ & Numeric & (2) & 11–16 (normal) & 2970 (52.62\%) & 1519 (26.91\%) \\ \multicolumn{5}{c}{_Greater than 16 (elevated)_} \\ \hline \multicolumn{5}{c}{_HCT_} \\ _(Hematocrit)_ & Numeric & (1) & Less than 41 (anemia) & 1317 (24.29\%) & \\ _( Hematocrit)_ & & (2) & 41–45 (normal) & 2553 (45.23\%) & 1524 (27.00\%) \\ \multicolumn{5}{c}{_Greater than 45 (elevated)_} \\ \hline \multicolumn{5}{c}{_LYMPHO_} \\ _(Lymphocytes)_ & Numeric & (1) & Less than 20 (lymphocytopenia) & 934 (16.55\%) & \\ _(Lymphocytes)_ & & (2) & 20–40 (normal) & 2487 (44.06\%) & 1542 (27.32\%) \\ \hline \multicolumn{5}{c}{_PLT_} \\ _(Pllets)_ & Numeric & (2) & 150,000 -450,000 (normal) & 524 (9.28\%) & \\ _(Plletslets)_ & & (3) & Greater than 450,000 & 3530 (62.54\%) & 1517 (26.88\%) \\ \multicolumn{5}{c}{_Greater (thrombocytosis)_} \\ \hline \multicolumn{5}{c}{_WBC_} \\ _(White Blood Cells)_ & Numeric & (1) & Less than 4000 (leukocytopenia) & 706 (12.51\%) & \\ _(White Blood Cells)_ & (2) & 4000–11,000 (normal) & 3244 (57.48\%) & 1517 (26.88\%) \\ \multicolumn{5}{c}{_Greater than 11,000 (leukocytosis)_} \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}