# A Fundamental Study on an SAP Mixed Asphalt Mixture for Reducing the Urban Heat Island Effect  
[PERSON]  
1 Department of Civil Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju-si 54896, Republic of Korea; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (D.-S.J. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (C.-S.L)  
Korea Conformity Laboratories, Daejeon-si 34113, Republic of Korea; [EMAIL_ADDRESS]  
[PERSON]  
1 Department of Civil Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju-si 54896, Republic of Korea; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (D.-S.J. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (C.-S.L)  
[PERSON]  
2 Korea Conformity Laboratories, Daejeon-si 34113, Republic of Korea; [EMAIL_ADDRESS]  
[PERSON]  
3 Correspondence: [EMAIL_ADDRESS]; Tel. : +82-31-910-061333313  
Due to climate change, many problems are being experienced throughout society. The increase in annual average temperature has a direct or indirect effect on the health of people in cities. Due to the urban heat island phenomenon, many issues, such as the loss of lives of the elderly and the weak, the mental and physical decline of many people, and crop damage, are occurring as shown in Table 1. Urban heat island phenomena are known to occur due to various factors. The urban heat island phenomenon is greatly influenced by the geographical characteristics, climate conditions, and seasonal changes in a specific location in the city [5]. Asphalt road pavement emissivity and atmospheric radiation are the most important factors in surface and atmospheric temperatures in urban canyons, resulting in heat island degradation at night, reduced evaporation cooling, increased surface roughness, and higher density. In addition, warmer urban environments amplify ozone concentrations at the surface, reduce air quality, and increase artificial energy consumption such as the use of cooling facilities due to tropical nights, while heat waves increase heat-related mortality, posing a great threat to human health [6; 7; 8]. Urban areas have seen temperatures rise due to the increase in the usage of air-conditioning electricity and the lower quality of air, causing thermal damage to residents. Specifically, the heat island phenomenon worsens the living environment in the city and increases the incidence and mortality rate from heat-related diseases. Preventing diseases under extreme high-temperature conditions is becoming a major public health issue. As urban populations continue to grow and more severe heat waves are likely to occur in the future, measures to mitigate the urban heat island effect are essential [9; 10; 11]. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Content** & **Damage Type** & **2015** & **2016** & **2017** & **2018** & **2019** & **Unit** \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Health} & A person with & Thermal disease monitoring system & 1056 & 2125 & 1574 & 4526 & 1841 & Person \\ \cline{2-8}  & a fever & National health insurance DB & 21,398 & 30,602 & 27,032 & 44,094 & - & Person \\ \cline{2-8}  & \multirow{2}{*}{A death from a heat illness} & Thermal disease monitoring system & 11 & 17 & 11 & 48 & 11 & Person \\ \cline{2-8}  & & Statistics on causes of death by the & & & & & \\ \cline{2-8}  & & national statistical office & 39 & 67 & 35 & 145 & - & Person \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Animal husbandry} & & Chick death & - & 2573 & 5772 & 6426 & 5391 & Heads \\ \cline{2-8}  & & Duck death & - & 80 & 196 & 265 & 139 & Heads \\ \cline{2-8}  & & Pig death & - & 5 & 38 & 71 & 40 & Heads \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Current status of heat wave damage by sector. Figure 1: Change in the annual maximum, average, and minimum temperatures in Korea. Additionally, the problem of the urban heat island phenomenon is also occurring due to urbanization, with the main reason being the decrease in natural vegetation due to the increase in impermeable areas caused by urbanization and the increase in artificial surfaces that absorb heat.