# TAEO-A Thermal Aware & Energy Optimized Routing Protocol for Wireless Body Area Networks
## 2 Related Work
M-ATTEMPT is a thermal-aware WBAN protocol with efficient mobility support. It works by defining the zones with levels, depicting a parent-child relation. When a node disconnects and enters another zone, it requests the respective parent node for becoming a member. The parent node only accepts the request if the child node count is less than three. The authors in [9] proposed a novel routing scheme i.e., Energy Efficient Thermal and Power Aware (ETPA), which is focused to provide a thermal-aware and low power consumption implementation of WBAN. Routes are defined on the base of communication expense, which is calculated when considering the energy level, temperature, and signal strength of the neighbors. ETPA works by establishing a four-frame cycle, in which every sensor exchanges its current heat- value and energy level with all other nodes. Afterward, each node in the cycle calculates the transmission cost based on the signal power of the received signal from an adjacent node. The low-cost route is opted for transmission. ETPA has managed the temperature of a sensor by diffusing it amongst other nodes, and thus results in improved lifetime due to lowered energy depletion. In [10], the authors apprised that the increase or decrease in Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) value primarily depends on the strength of the surrounding electromagnetic field. Other parameters, such as the characteristics of tissue, its dimensions, including size, frequency, and exposure duration to radiations forms the basis of good SAR estimates. SAR estimates and the associated parameters differ, depending on the type of tissue, like brain, muscles, or nerve. The authors of [11] performed a lot of experimental work to identify safe SAR boundaries. There work proved to be highly beneficial in the development of safe wireless systems. SAR values below 0.02 W/kg are proven to be safe. Experiments that were performed using high SAR values illustrate that the 1.0-1.2 W/kg SAR range has shown the disparaging impact on the chromosome, and consequently damaged the DNA. In [12], [PERSON] and [PERSON] established an effective routing scheme for WBAN to cater to heated node avoidance and successfully reduced the average delay. The transmission path is determined on the base of a number of hops and least hop count route is selected. Rerouting is required in the case of a hot-spot in the finalized route. The authors in [4] proposed a novel routing model comprising of upper and lower temperature thresholds. When the node temperature attains the lower threshold, the traffic is controlled in order to decrease the rate of temperature rise. Upon the surpassing of the upper limit, the node is marked as a heated node and all of its traffic is re-routed to avoid a further rise in temperature. In [13], a WBAN protocol that is based on single-hop and multi-hop implementation for critical and non-critical transmission is presented. It works by selecting a data aggregator and forwarder on the base of a cost function. The minimum cost node is opted to perform the necessary transmission to directly linked node or to the sink. The result shows the effectiveness of the proposed scheme in comparison to M-ATTEMPT protocol. In [14], [PERSON] and [PERSON] developed a routing scheme that focused on the traffic rate of a sensor node. Increased transmission rate elevates the chance of congestion in the network and, consequently, disrupts the Quality of Service (QoS) requirements necessary for a reliable system. This high rate of traffic and network congestion gives rise to the temperature of a node. Congestion is estimated by using queue occupancy, whereas the traffic intensity also provides vital information to measure the level of congestion. Authors in [15] proposed a routing scheme focused on efficient and reliable delivery of critical data in the specified duration. The protocol works by segregating critical from non-critical data and it addresses the temperature management issue.