# EduTVA: Metadata Schema for Educational Audiovisual Contents in Digital Television Environments
## 3 Overview of the EduTVA Metadata Schema
### Educational Metadata  
Considering the results from a previous work [15], we reviewed different metadata schemas that describe educational content and selected the set of educational metadata to build our new metadata schema. We analyzed the elements from the LOM standard since it is the most well-known in E-learning [31; 32]. We also examined the Metadata for Learning Resources (MLR) [26] and the Learning Resource Metadata Initiative (LRMI) [27] standards since they add pedagogical elements that older metadata schemas lacked [15]. Therefore, we mapped the educational elements between these standards while applying three selection criteria:  
1. The educational metadata that the Learning Object Metadata for COlombia (LOM-CO) application profile established as obligatory by the National Ministry of Education of Colombia: \"interactivity type\", \"interactivity level\", \"intended end user role\" and \"context\" [33]. Of this metadata, \"interactivity level\" was eliminated because, in an audiovisual resource, the user plays a passive role, with no interaction. 2. The metadata that simultaneously met the following two conditions were selected: those defined in at least two of the mapped schemas and apt for this work scenario. Of these metadata, \"typical learning time\" (\"time required\" for LRMI) was excluded because it represents the time that it takes to work with the educational resource, so, for a television resource, it translates merely into its duration. 3. The remaining metadata was analyzed, and that which fit in the digital television scenario (for which the metadata schema is created) was selected, obtaining the \"educational use\" metadata defined by LRMI. In addition, an \"Ability\" metadata is added to describe the competencies that a student can develop through the educational audiovisual resource. However, it should be noted that its values can come from other educational models if required. We classified the selected metadata into five groups regarding their objectives: educational resource, educational audience, educational context, annotation, and educational results. Table 1 shows the EduTVA metadata in parallel with the educational metadata present in the reference schemas (i.e., LOM, MLR, and LRMI) and in OBAA [14]. Next, a description of the metadata selected with its possible values is presented. The \"educational resource\" group is focused on the classification of the resource:  
* Interactivity type: Learning mode supported by the resource. Possible values are: active (when the viewer actively participates with the resource), expository (if the knowledge is exposed as the content progresses), and blended (if active and expository). * Educational resource type: The predominant types that characterize the resource from an educational point of view. Possible values: Exercise, Animation, Exam, Narrative text, Experiment, Auto-evaluation, Lesson (class, conference, explanation). * Educational use: It indicates the educational purpose of the audiovisual resource. It has no selectable values. The \"educational audience\" group focuses on the description of the potential user:* Intended end-user role: Main user(s) for which the resource was created. Possible values: student, student with special educational needs, student with high intellectual capacities, student with late integration into the educational system, student with other specific educational support needs, public in general, teacher, tutor, and family. * Typical age range: Age groups of the target audience. Possible values: All ages, Children (0-3 years, 4-7 years, 8-13 years, 14-15 years), Adolescents, Preadolescents and Adults (16-17 years, 18-24 years, 25-34 years, 35-44 years, 45-54 years, 55-64 years, older than 65 years). * Intended end user language: Language of the target audience. The \"educational context\" group defines the context of the application of the resource:
* Educational Context: Environments in which the resource can be used.