## 1 Introduction
[PERSON] and colleagues [19] examined soils from 170 vineyards in Spain that had been treated for a long time with Cu-based fungicides and have a pH between 4.9 and 6.6. They found that Cu is mainly found in less mobile fractions, with about 48% being bound to soil organic matter. Similar results were also reported from other researchers [20; 21; 22]. [PERSON] and colleges [23] found that the organic carbon content in soils is one of the main factors influencing the Cu toxicity potential: a higher content is associated with a lower ecotoxicity potential. Due to the high affinity of Cu to soil colloids and especially to soil organic matter, Cu is classified as a less mobile element in near-neutral soils [16]. For this reason, wine producers have been able to apply large quantities of Cu salts to soils over time without causing evident toxicity to crops [24]. Nevertheless, it is quite common for soil organic matter to be scarce in vineyards, especially in Mediterranean areas, due to several factors. First of all, the vineyards are generally located in hilly areas and on less fertile soils that are prone to erosion. Moreover, preparing the soil to adapt to the vineyard's mechanization is a common practice that sometimes creates degraded areas due to the reduction of soil depth and water storage capacity, excessive accumulation of calcium carbonate in the topsoil, and loss of soil structure [25]. About two decades ago, aspects of temperature sensitivity and degradation rates of soil organic matter, which according to Arrhenius kinetics [26] can increase with increasing temperature, as well as the realization that more complex molecular properties in soil organic matter are characterized by low degradation rates, high activation energies, and inherently high temperature sensitivity [27], triggered a new generation of research on this topic. The temperature sensitivity of soil organic matter has been intensively studied, and numerous reviews, summaries, and meta-analyses using laboratory incubation studies [28; 29] have been conducted to answer questions about the relative decomposability of soil organic matter. These studies used different incubation temperatures from \(-\)15 \({}^{\circ}\)C up to +55 \({}^{\circ}\)C and also different incubation times from a few hours up to 720 days. As there are already a lot of different data on the incubation of different soil types, [PERSON] and colleges [30] made the Soil Incubation Database (SIDb, version 1.0, [[https://soilbgc-datashare.github.io/sidb/](https://soilbgc-datashare.github.io/sidb/)]([https://soilbgc-datashare.github.io/sidb/](https://soilbgc-datashare.github.io/sidb/)),accessed on 11 February 2023) available online. Soil incubation studies in the laboratory are often used to estimate the decomposability of soil organic matter by measuring the release of greenhouse gases (i.e., CO\({}_{2}\) or CH\({}_{4}\)) when C is mineralized from the soil under different redox conditions. The results of incubation studies can inform global models of the size of the C pool and the rate of soil organic matter processing and the sensitivity of process rates to changes in abiotic factors such as soil temperature, moisture, pH, etc. However, there have not been many applicative studies on the effects of organic matter loss in agricultural land and even fewer on vineyard soils. These studies tend to focus more on how different management systems in vineyards affect soil organic matter [31; 32; 33]. As mentioned above, Cu has a high affinity to soil colloids and especially to soil organic matter, which makes Cu a low-mobility element, particularly in soils with pH close to neutrality. Due to the potential decomposition of organic matter caused by global warming in the topsoil of arable land, water contamination from vineyards can also be expected in the long term. From this point of view, it is very important to identify possible changes in soil organic matter in vineyards contaminated with Cu and their consequences.