## 3 Results  
Through self-reported questionnaires, we obtained 50 participants' basic physical information (age: 20 \(\pm\) 1.78 years; height: 179.22 \(\pm\) 5.34 cm; weight: 71.25 \(\pm\) 8.56 kg; BMI: 22.15 \(\pm\) 2.15) and football participation details (years of soccer training experience: 9.56 \(\pm\) 2.01 years; number of training sessions per week: 4.9 \(\pm\) 1.432; duration of each training session: 2.06 \(\pm\) 0.51 h; total weekly training hours: 10.28 \(\pm\) 4.41 h). There were no significant differences in these data between the injury and non-injury groups (Table 1). Among the 50 participants, 48 were right-footed and 2 were left-footed (with 1 person in each of the injury and non-injury groups). In the injury group (21 people), 17 participants had injuries on the right side and 4 had injuries on the left side. Among the participants, 48 were right-foot dominant and 2 left-foot dominant (with 1 person in each of the injury and non-injury groups). In the injury group (21 participants), 17 had right-side injuries, while 4 had left-side injuries. Figure 4: AAPFT and AADFT protocols. (**a**): AAPFT and AADFT starting position. (**b**): AAPFT ending position. (**c**): AADFT ending position. Table 2 shows the results of the PKFT and PKET for the injury and non-injury groups. In terms of the PKFT, the injury group showed a significantly smaller right knee flexion angle compared to the non-injury group (147.86 \(\pm\) 7.99 vs. 152.66 \(\pm\) 7.58\({}^{\circ}\), \(p\) = 0.032), with no significant differences observed on the left side. In terms of the PKET, no statistically significant differences were identified between the two groups. Within the injury group, the left-side flexion angles were significantly greater than the right-side angles (151.57 \(\pm\) 6.22\({}^{\circ}\) vs. 147.86 \(\pm\) 7.99\({}^{\circ}\), \(p\) = 0.017). In contrast, no significant differences were observed for flexion on the two sides in the non-injury group. However, in the PKET, the non-injury group displayed significantly greater left-side angles compared to the right side (114.35 \(\pm\) 6.84\({}^{\circ}\) vs. 112.70 \(\pm\) 5.81\({}^{\circ}\), \(p\) = 0.016). No significant bilateral differences in knee extension angles were observed in the injury group. The results of the AAPFT and AADFT are shown in Table 3. For the AAPFT, significant differences were observed in ankle plantar flexion ROM between the two groups. On the left side, the injury group showed significantly lower ROM compared to the non-injury group (29.42 \(\pm\) 5.70 vs. 36.55 \(\pm\) 8.14, \(p\) = 0.002). Similarly on the right side, the injury group also exhibited significantly lower ROM (33.41 \(\pm\) 7.31 vs. 38.82 \(\pm\) 8.64, \(p\) = 0.029), with a smaller difference when compared to the left side. For the AADFT, a significant difference was observed in left side onsiflexion ROM, where the injury group had lower values than the non-injury group (15.83 \(\pm\) 6.37 vs. 20.61 \(\pm\) 8.35, \(p\) = 0.038). Conversely, no significant differences were noted in right side ankle dorsiflexion ROM between the two groups. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline  & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Injury Group**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Non-Injury Group**} & \\  & **(n = 21)** & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**(n = 29)**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**\(p\)-Value**} \\ \cline{2-5}  & **Mean** & **SD** & **Mean** & **SD** & \\ \hline Age, years (yr) & 19.95 & 1.66 & 20.17 & 1.89 & 0.833 \\ Height, cm & 178.67 & 5.73 & 179.62 & 5.11 & 0.539 \\ Weight, kg & 69.45 & 5.84 & 72.55 & 9.99 & 0.175 \\ BMI & 22.44 & 2.53 & 21.75 & 1.45 & 0.517 \\ Soccer experience, yr & 9.71 & 2.00 & 9.45 & 2.05 & 0.649 \\ Training sessions per week, days & 4.86 & 1.41 & 4.95 & 1.50 & 0.669 \\ Training duration per & 2.14 & 0.60 & 1.95 & 0.35 & 0.528 \\ session, hours & 10.57 & 4.95 & 9.88 & 3.61 & 0.720 \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: The injury and non-injury groups’ baseline parameters.