# Towards a Digital Transformation Hyper-Framework:
## 5 Discussion and Related Work
Consequently, we direct the discussion and related work analysis to the conceptual or software-empowered hyper-document-based collaborative frameworks framed by the specified five hypotheses in the contemporary DgT context. The elaborated DgTHyF is modeled and specified as an evolution prototype of heterogeneous collaborative component frameworks belonging to an ontology-based or tool-based group of EAFs (Figure 22), integrated over a virtual twin hyper-document instance. The selected EAFs belong to three general groups: ontology-based, model-based, and tool-based EAFs. Although a more detailed discussion of all available and selected frameworks is far beyond the scope of this article, it is necessary to highlight their core foundations. The ontology-based group has a long development tradition focused on the fundamental principles and practices that form the boundaries of the addressed problem domain and serve as a starting point for concept clarification purposes. These specifications form the data structure skeleton of software tools supporting systems, software, and opera tions engineering activities. The most referenced ontology-based EAF are: the Zachman Framework (ZF) [86], the Open Group Architecture Framework (TOGAF) [87], the Federal Enterprise Architecture Framework (FEAF) [88], the Defense-oriented group of frameworks (US Department of Defense--DoDAF [89], NATO Architecture Framework--NAF [90], and International Standards Organization on EAF [91]), the Capability Maturity Model Integrated (CMMI) Framework [92], the International Council On Systems Engineering (INCOSE) framework discussed in the introductory section [1], and the Skills Framework for the Information Age (SFIA) [93]. The model-based EAF group directly impacts the current stage of DgTHyF regarding its inherent model-based orientation. It is used similarly as an ontology-based group but with extensive augmentation by the formal modeling languages. We have solely appointed the Object Management Group (OMG) [94] due to its relevancy, with the most referenced members being the Unified Modeling Language (UML2), Systems Markup Language (SySML), Business Process Modeling (BPM+), Information Exchange Framework (IEF), Meta-Object Facility Framework (MOF), and the Unified Architecture Framework (UAF). The selected subset of tool-based EAFs splits into three main groups. First, the Ontology-supported EAF tools (the Sparx System EAF [95] and SAP LenIX [96], with dominantly TOGAF and FEAF ontology foundation). The second, general agile (the Scaled Agile Framework [97] heavy-weight tool), and the third, Scrum-based EAF light-weight tools group (the Large Scale Scrum (LeSS) [98], Nexus [99], Scrum@Scale [100], and the Enterprise Scrum [101]) (see Figure 22). The DgTHyF is a software-empowered heterogeneous hub promoting interoperability as an essential requirement. Although cooperative interoperability is usually assumed while developing tool-based frameworks, we predict the collaborative interoperability approach as a further universal direction. Figure 22: DgTHyF in the contemporary digital transformation context. Consequently, the briefly discussed sample context justifies the proposed DgTHyF's fundamental hypothesis as fostering mechanisms that place the collaborative heterogeneity in the core of arbitrary DigT context.