# A Study on Finding Partners through Patent Network Analysis of UAM (Urban Air Mobility)
## 3 Analysis
### Quantitative Analysis
#### 3.2.1 Number of Patents
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Category** & **BOEING** & **AIRBUS** & **BELL** & **Sum** \\ \hline Total count & 16,830 & 16,028 & 2148 & 35,006 \\ Co-application & 519 & 1343 & 46 & 1908 \\ Number of co-applicants & 102 & 248 & 15 & 365 \\ A (propulsion system) & 55 & 289 & 5 & 349 \\ B (aerodynamic design) & 63 & 473 & 8 & 544 \\ C (material/structure) & 51 & 99 & 2 & 153 \\ D (battery) & 29 & 84 & 4 & 117 \\ E (control/safety) & 194 & 154 & 2 & 351 \\ F (navigation/communication) & 68 & 46 & 0 & 113 \\ G (cybersecurity) & 59 & 198 & 25 & 281 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 6: Number of patents from top 3 companies. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**No.** & **Company Name** & **Model** & **KR** & **JP** & **US** & **EP** & **CN** & **Sum** \\ \hline
1 & Boeing & Boeing PAV & 430 & 1800 & 8936 & 3554 & 2110 & 16,830 \\
2 & Airbus & Airbus Vahana & 313 & 927 & 6920 & 4971 & 2897 & 16,028 \\
3 & Bell helicopter & Bell Nexus Air Taxi & 29 & 1 & 1211 & 689 & 218 & 2148 \\
4 & Mog & Workhorse SureFly & 24 & 35 & 127 & 65 & 44 & 295 \\
5 & Embraer & EmbraerX & - & 5 & 139 & 80 & 62 & 286 \\
6 & Kitty Hawk & Kittyhawk cora, KittyHawk Flyer & 2 & 1 & 216 & 22 & 33 & 274 \\
7 & Ehang & Ehang 216 & - & - & 6 & 4 & 116 & 126 \\
8 & Joby aviation & Joby Aviation S4 & 1 & 6 & 9 & 3 & 8 & 27 \\
9 & Aston martin & Aston Martin Volante Vision & - & 1 & 7 & 2 & 1 & 11 \\
10 & Karem Aircraft & Karem Butterfly & 1 & 1 & 17 & 2 & 1 & 22 \\
11 & Alakai Technologies & Skai by Alaska’1 Technologies & - & 2 & 12 & 2 & - & 16 \\
12 & Volocopter & Volocopter 2X & - & - & 30 & 17 & 20 & 67 \\
13 & Lilium & Lilium Jet & - & - & 3 & - & - & 3 \\
14 & Opener & Opener BlackFly & - & - & - & - & - & - \\
15 & Pipistrel & Pipistrel 801 & - & - & 1 & 2 & - & 3 \\
16 & Jaunt Air Mobility & Jaunt Air Mobility & - & - & 14 & - & - & 14 \\
17 & Beta Technologies & Beta Technologies Ava & - & - & - & - & - & - \\
18 & LIFT Aircraft & LIFT Hexa & - & - & - & - & - & - \\
19 & Vertical Aerospace & Vertical Aerospace & - & - & - & - & - & - \\  & Sum & 800 & 2779 & 17,648 & 9413 & 5510 & 36,150 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 5: Number of patents. that achieve innovation through mass production. Without wasting time on non-critical technologies, efforts were focused on core technologies, through which the company can receive assistance in securing technology and achieve innovation in a stable manner. In the case of BOEING, the results of the collaboration in the time series were reviewed, and we were able to confirm an average of 20 joint applications per year from 2000 to 2008. BOEING was passive in joint research from 2009 to 2016 but has become more active with joint research from 2017. AIRBUS filed an average of 30 to 40 joint applications per year from 2005 to 2009, and more than 80 joint applications per year from 2010 to the present. In the case of BELL, joint research was found to be weak. In recent automotive technology, the gap in hardware competitiveness is gradually narrowing and the focus is set on securing software competitiveness [44]. The automotive industry does not follow a path of radical innovation [45]. There is a tendency to favor incremental, process-oriented innovation because of its complex operating methods, low profits, and high risk [46]. In addition, as a capital-intensive and traditional, mature industry with strong competition, companies do not try to allow the emergence of new competitors and the emergence of alternative business models and technologies through the concentration of core competencies [47]. However, as there are limitations to internal technology and R&D capabilities, the proportion of ICT companies and telecommunication companies is expected to increase within the industry [48; 49; 50].