## 2 Related Work  
### Studies to Prevent Industrial Accidents  
To prevent industrial accidents, it is essential to be able to find and eliminate the causes of accidents. It is inappropriate to diagnose the cause of a disaster simply as an individual's careless behavior or negligence in safety management. A study was conducted to determine the root cause of industrial accidents. In 1959, [PERSON] proposed Domino's Theory, which states that disasters are the result of a chain reaction of accident factors [13]. As shown in Figure 1, the theory consists of five stages, and the root cause of accidents was considered to be genetic factors and the social environment. According to Domino's Theory, most accidents and disasters can be prevented if the third stage, unsafe behavior (human factors) and unsafe conditions (material factors), can be controlled. Domino theory has been used around the world as the basis of safety management and education for over 30 years. However, [PERSON]'s theory had limitations in that it gave excessive importance to human factors as the cause of the disasters. The [PERSON] and [PERSON] modified Domino theory is similar to [PERSON]'s perspective, i.e., that each disaster cause is a result of higher-level factors in a chain reaction [14]. The difference is that in addition to human factors, control and management aspects were emphasized as the root causes of accidents. As mentioned above, given that an accident is a result caused by a specific cause, it is highly important to identify material and human risk factors that can cause accidents. Accordingly, many previous studies have focused on identifying risk factors. First, [PERSON] et al. (2008) experimented on identifying the causes of accidents at construction sites by focusing on human risk factors [15]. A survey such as the [PERSON] personality questionnaire and brief symptom inventory was carried out on 50 injured workers who had visited the infirmary from a construction site employing 1200 workers. In the control group, the same survey was conducted with 150 randomly selected workers within the same site. It was found that there were significant differences in the variables of visual cognition, neuroticism, and tiredness within 24 h between the accident occurrence group and the control group. [PERSON] et al. (2008) investigated the causes of accidents at construction sites by analyzing surveys, literature studies, and accident reports. As a result, material factors such as unsafe equipment, human factors such as negligence and non-wearing of personal protective equipment, and lack of safety management were pointed out as the main causes [16]. Based on previous studies that the risk-accident-injury relationship is fundamentally linked, [PERSON] et al. (2013) showed that human factors can explain or link with each other, tools or equipment (material factors), working conditions and environments. In other words, unsafe worker behavior and unsafe working conditions are closely related and cause construction accidents [17]. Another study proposed a model to identify the root cause of construction site accidents. [PERSON] and [PERSON] (2018) defined the four types of causes of accidents: equipment/materials, workers, environment, and management. As a result of investigating the frequency of accidents for each type, it was found that 41% of all accidents were worker-related factors accounted for the largest proportion, followed by management  
Figure 1: Heinrich’s Domino Model of Accident Causation. and equipment/material [18]. In addition, there have been many studies on the causes of disasters. However, these studies aimed to identify the causes of disasters theoretically, so it is difficult to apply them directly to construction sites and observe the empirical effect.