## 3 AR Geography Applications
### AR App for 5 th Grade: Greece
The first thing that the pupil must do is to read the instructions. After pressing the button at the bottom of the  
Figure 4: The game “Orientation”. Figure 5: The game “Coasts of Greece”. screen, an arrow appears pointing to an island complex from which the game will start. After that, the camera of the device is activated to scan the QR Code. Then, the 3D model of this island complex is revealed along with four buttons that contain some letters. Next, a sign appears upon each island, containing a few letters from the name of the island. The goal is to fill in the names of the Greek islands with the given letters. With the completion of all the names of an island complex, all the signs of the islands are displayed, offering the pupils the ability to observe and discover all the islands with their names. The game will resume when the pupil presses the button at the top of the screen. Then, a new island complex is presented, and the pupil must follow the same steps to complete the process. At the end, a summary is shown indicating the end of this game. The next game is called \"Mountains of Greece\" (Figure 7). The goal is to teach the pupils the heights and locations of the largest mountains in Greece. First, the illustrated instructions appear. As the game begins, the camera turns on to scan the QR Code. After that, the first mountain is represented through a 3D model and four buttons appear on each side. From the left side, the pupil selects the button that refers to the height of the corresponding mountain, while from the right side, s/he selects the button that refers to the location of the corresponding mountain. When a button is selected, the correct answer is shown on a board at the back of the scene. Additionally, feedback is given by changing the colors of the buttons. Red corresponds to the wrong answer, while green corresponds to the right one. After selecting both buttons correctly, additional information appears on the board. In the end, a review of this game is shown on the board. The sixth game is about the \"Climate of Greece\" (Figure 8). The goal is to inform about weather phenomena and data that retrieved from a weather website [openweathermap.org (accessed on 20 August 2020)]. Once again, the instructions appear and then the pupil must scan the QR Code from the textbook. After that, four signs depicting weather phenomena appear above the map. The pupil clicks them, one by one, and fills in the sentences through the options that are provided by the buttons below. After completing a sentence correctly, the sign is locked. When all the signs are locked, a button appears that activates a board, which contains a variety of weather data. This information with the help of the teacher can be discussed in the class, resulting in meaningful conclusions. Then, the game is completed by selecting the button at the bottom of the screen. Figure 6: The game “Islands of Greece”. The last game is the \"Geographical distribution of the population\" (Figure 9). This game aims to provide a logical cause of the phenomenon of urbanization in Modern Greek society. The pupil reads the game instructions and then when s/he scans the QR Code, the 3D map of Greece is visualized with some signs on it. At the bottom of the screen, there are six icons with a number that represents the size of a population. By choosing a sign, the game requests the pupil to drag and drop the more suitable answer of an area population, based on his/her personal beliefs and critical thinking about the correlation with the geographical location (mountainous area, island, cities, etc.). By selecting the right choice, some reasons why the population in the specific area has this size are presented. The above procedure is followed for all the signs on the map. After that, the conclusion appears along with a button that leads to the main menu. Figure 8: The game “Climate of Greece”. Figure 7: The game “Mountains of Greece”.