## 3 MIMO Antenna Parameters
Using a metric called the total active reflection coefficient (TARC), researchers may determine how effective a MIMO system is at re-directing light. This methodology was developed in the 1990s. This tactic takes into consideration both the reciprocal coupling that exists on the network as well as the random pairings of signals that exist on the network. In this example, we see how the properties of both incident and reflected waves may be described using Equation (5). It suggests that one way to find out the answer to this question is by solving Equation (6) using S-parameters [34]. In Figure 15, we can observe the variation in TARC values produced by the two variants of the suggested MIMO antenna. The performance of the THz band MIMO data collection has been studied, and it has been determined that it satisfies the requirements of the planned usage. \[\Gamma_{a}^{t}=\frac{\sqrt{\Sigma_{j}^{M}\left|b_{j}\right|^{2}}}{\sqrt{ \Sigma_{j}^{M}\left|a_{j}\right|^{2}}} \tag{5}\]  
\[\rho_{ij}=\frac{\left|S_{11}^{*}S_{12}+S_{21}^{*}S_{22}\right|^{2}}{\left(1- \left(\left|S_{22}\right|^{2}+\left|S_{12}\right|^{2}\right)\right)\left(1- \left(\left|S_{11}\right|^{2}+\left|S_{21}\right|^{2}\right)\right)} \tag{2}\]0  
\[\rho_{ij}=\frac{\left|S_{11}^{*}S_{12}+S_{21}^{*}S_{22}\right|^{2}}{\left(1- \left(\left|S_{22}\right|^{2}+\left|S_{12}\right|^{2}\right)\right)\left(1- \left(\left|S_{11}\right|^{2}+\left|S_{21}\right|^{2}\right)\right)} \tag{2}\]1 Calculated values of the MEG for antenna Design 5. While assessing the GHz antenna's MIMO performance, it's also important to take into account the channel capacity loss (CCL). The greatest data transfer rate that may be achieved across a given channel without incurring a discernible quality loss is determined by the channel's capacity loss. Rates below 0.5 bits/s/Hz are required to show that information may be sent without corruption using a well-planned MIMO system. The CCL parameter may be determined with the help of Equations (7)-(9), which can be found in [34]. As can be seen in Figure 16, this CCL limit has been reached for many bands in both configurations. \[\rho_{ij}=\frac{\left|S_{11}^{*}S_{12}+S_{21}^{*}S_{22}\right|^{2}}{\left(1- \left(\left|S_{22}\right|^{2}+\left|S_{12}\right|^{2}\right)\right)\left(1- \left(\left|S_{11}\right|^{2}+\left|S_{21}\right|^{2}\right)\right)} \tag{2}\]2  
\[\rho_{ij}=\frac{\left|S_{11}^{*}S_{12}+S_{21}^{*}S_{22}\right|^{2}}{\left(1- \left(\left|S_{22}\right|^{2}+\left|S_{12}\right|^{2}\right)\right)\left(1- \left(\left|S_{11}\right|^{2}+\left|S_{21}\right|^{2}\right)\right)} \tag{2}\]3  
\[\rho_{ij}=\frac{\left|S_{11}^{*}S_{12}+S_{21}^{*}S_{22}\right|^{2}}{\left(1- \left(\left|S_{22}\right|^{2}+\left|S_{12}\right|^{2}\right)\right)\left(1- \left(\left|S_{11}\right|^{2}+\left|S_{21}\right|^{2}\right)\right)} \tag{2}\]4  
Our analysis involved a comparative table of the radiation element of the antenna between our computed results and those previously published, such as S parameter isolation, peak gain, bandwidth, and antenna area. The comparative analysis with other antennas is shown in \[\rho_{ij}=\frac{\left|S_{11}^{*}S_{12}+S_{21}^{*}S_{22}\right|^{2}}{\left(1- \left(\left|S_{22}\right|^{2}+\left|S_{12}\right|^{2}\right)\right)\left(1- \left(\left|S_{11}\right|^{2}+\left|S_{21}\right|^{2}\right)\right)} \tag{2}\]5 This comparative analysis shows the derived values of bandwidth, peak gain, antenna elements, and dimension for simulated and measured results with previously published data. We have identified that the proposed antenna offers a large bandwidth with better isolation values over the entire frequency spectrum. The proposed antenna also offers a large bandwidth conversion of nearly \(\sim\)70% from 1 to 25 GHz of the range. The results presented in this manuscript can be applied to the various multiband satellite communication applications.