## 3 Results and Discussion
### Technological Properties of Enzymatically Modified SBP and SBP-CO\({}_{2}\)  
The technological properties (oil retention capacity (ORC), the swelling (WSC) and water retention capacity (WRC), the water solubility index (WSI), and the bulk density) of enzymatically modified SBP and SBP-CO\({}_{2}\) are shown in Table 3.  
The ORC of all hydrolyzed samples increased compared to the enzymatically untreated SBP and SBP-CO\({}_{2}\). Enzymatic hydrolysis with Celluclast(r) 1.5 L had the most pronounced effect on ORC. Enzymatic hydrolysis with this enzyme also led to the highest increase in WSC for SBP and SBP-CO\({}_{2}\) (45.98% and 23.10%, respectively) compared to the untreated samples. While enzymatic treatment with other enzymes also increased WSC values relative to the control sample: Viscozyme(r) L by 14.94% (SBP) and 17.32% (SBP-CO\({}_{2}\)), and Pectinex(r) Ultra Tropical by 26.43% (SBP) and 18.11% (SBP-CO\({}_{2}\)). The highest increase in WRC was observed in SBP treated with Celluclast(r) 1.5 L (19.70%), whereas the lowest increase was found in samples hydrolyzed with Pectinex(r) Ultra Tropical (9.63%). The changes in dietary fiber content and composition in SBP and SBP-CO\({}_{2}\) have impacts for the technological properties of pomace. The ORC, WRC and WSC increased with decreased IDF content. [PERSON] et al. [45] reported that the observed increases in WSC and WRC following hydrolysis can be attributed to the enzymatic cleavage of polysaccharide chains, particularly when cellulase-containing enzymes are used. These enzymes disrupt \(\beta\) (1\(\rightarrow\)4) glycosidic linkages between glucose units, leading to the depolymerization of polysaccharides. This process destroys the integrity of the cell wall, reduces particle size, and increases the surface area of the material. In this study, enzymatic treatment resulted in a decrease in bulk density, suggesting an increase in matrix porosity and a looser structure. Such structural modifications are consistent with fiber depolymerization and the formation of lower molecular weight fragments, which can affect water and oil retention properties under centrifugal force [46; 47]. Consequently, due to the enhanced surface tension, greater amounts of water can be retained within the fiber's capillary structures in SBP [45]. As reported by [PERSON] et al. [48], an increase in particle size tends to enhance WRC, likely due to the improved capacity for capillary water entrapment. [PERSON] et al. [49] demonstrated that apple pomace, composed of larger fibrous particles and greater pore volume, displayed superior water-holding performance compared to raspberry pomace, which contains a higher proportion of seeds and lignified tissues, limiting its hydrophilic interactions. Also, [PERSON] et al. [50] found that increased solubility is often associated with elevated levels of water-soluble pectin and hemicellulose, which are enhanced through enzymatic hydrolysis of pomace. The applied modifications significantly influenced the color characteristics of SBP (Table 3). Among the enzymatically hydrolyzed SBP samples, those treated with Viscozyme(r) L and Pectinex(r) Ultra Tropical exhibited the greatest increase in \(\Delta\)E (total color difference).