## 4 Conclusions and Future Perspectives  
Ecoremediation allows for the recovery of systems that are altered by organic contaminants and specifically PPCPs. Microorganisms (aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, basidiomycete and ascomycete fungi, and some resistant algae) can function as eco-factories, capable of restoring ecosystems through clean, low-cost technologies, thus being an important link in the CSMC. Since the mineralization pathways of PPCPs can be complex, further research is necessary to systematically establish collaborative relationships between microorganisms. These researches, to the meso and macro-scale, could allow for achieving complete metabolization, while avoiding intermediate metabolites which are also often ecotoxic compounds and with multiple target cells [364]. Furthermore, the association of these microorganisms with macroorganisms (plants and fungi) in series systems, complements the degradation processes and amplifies the possibilities of success [365]. The engineering of the systems as well as the optimization of the processes in the field are lines of research that can be improved in the future. Moreover, rhiz- and endophytes in this type of system not only degrade PPCPs directly but also accelerate plant growth by producing growth-promoting enzymes and, hence, the remediation potential of CWs [366], line of research that is in the early stages of discovery. On the other hand, certain microalgae are proposed as good eco-factories, not only for their capacity as degraders of pollutant compounds, but also as a source of bioenergy and natural pigments, especially in situations of saline stress, that is, for the treatment of polluted sea wastewater. The efficiency and profitability of these must be improved [367]. In terms of circular economy, microorganism and macro-organism workers can offer clean raw materials that can be used in the production chain (food and pharmacological supplements), clean energy (bioethanol, biodiesel or biogas), biofertilizers, etc. More targeted research could provide a focused scope that allows for a better link between renewable raw material sources, composite intermediates, and final products [368; 369]. Finally, it is urgent to highlight the need for the integration of chemistry and engineering in order to design truly green and sustainable pharmaceutical or chemical processes [370]. This could allow (1) achieving completely metabolized PPCP in target organisms (animals or men) or (2) obtaining PCPPs there are specific to the target cells (without cross reactions) or (3) producing zero ecotoxic PPCPs. In this manner, we will avoid, from its origin, the presence of toxic organic compounds in ecosystems. WWTPs should be equipped with advanced technology in order to minimize pharmaceutical release [8]. This requires capital investments and environmentally sustainable entrepreneurship, including the environmental costs as part of the investment assumed benefit to medium and long term. Ethical-environmental values must prevail over economic interest in the short term. **Author Contributions:** Conceptualization, M.C.M., L.F.B. and N.G.-B. ; Section 1, M.C.M. ; Section 2, L.F.B., N.G.-B., M.C.M., J.S.-S. and P.M.-H.; Section 3, M.C. and M.R.d.I.H. ; Section 4, M.C.M. ; Figures 1-3, P.M.-H.; Figures 4-6, J.S.-S.; Tables 1 and 2, M.C. and M.R.d.I.H. ; Original draft preparation, M.C.M. ; Revision of the draft manuscript, N.G.-B. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. **Funding:** This research was funded by Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (Spain) and FEDER, grant CGL2016-79158-P; Generalitat Valenciana (Spain), grant PROMETEO/2017/039 and Rey Juan Carlos University, grant DRIADES-2020/00006/009. **Acknowledgments:** We are very grateful to [PERSON] and [PERSON] for the revision of the English text. **Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest. **Abbreviation**