## 4 Discussion
According to the literature, camelina seed contains \(\sim\)25% CP, whilst the seed byproducts, for instance, of seed cake have higher CP content, with values ranging from 30.3 to 39.8% depending on genotype (variety), growing season, and environment (soil and climatic conditions), as well as agronomic practices [4; 52]. The current study found that the CP content of camelina oilseed cake was substantially affected by both the soil tillage system and fertilization. Regarding the effect of soil tillage, the two-year mean value of CP content found in conventional tillage plots (35.39% of DM) was higher than that in minimum tillage plots (33.85% of DM). These findings are in accordance with those obtained by [PERSON] and [PERSON] [53], [PERSON] et al. [54], and [PERSON] and [PERSON] [55] determined the good effects of crop rotation and more intensive tillage on protein content in the seed of soybean and maize crops. Increasing available nutrient levels generally improves feed quality measures, including CP content. In terms of fertilization effect, compost had the highest two-year average value (35.35% DM), followed by vermicompost fertilization (34.78% DM). The higher CP content following the application of compost fertilizer could be attributed to larger quantities of plants' available nitrogen, which improves and enhances nitrogen uptake and which is critical for protein synthesis [56]. Furthermore, the current results confirmed that the CP content in camelina cake is comparable to that discovered in rapeseed meal (29.7-39.9%); however, it is lower than that in soybean meal (43.0-56.3%) [52; 57; 58]. Figure 3: **H**ottom of correlation coefficients between evaluated traits. **m**: Non-significant; **+**: **+**: and **+**: significant at the 5%, 1%, and 0.1% levels, respectively, CHO total carbohydrate content, C16:0; palmitic acid, C180: atomic acid, C181 \(n\).9: oleic acid, C201: cis-11-eleconoic acid, C22:1: emoic acid, C182 \(n\).6: linoleic acid, C183 \(n\).3: a-imbine acid, SAFA: saturated fatty acids, MUFA: monomsaturated fatty acids, \(n\).3: omega-3 fatty acids, and \(n\).6: omega-6 fatty acids. Crude fat (CF) is constituted of lipids, such as galactolipids, triglycerides, and phospholipids, and several non-polar substances including phosphatides, steroids, pigments, and fat-soluble vitamins, as well as waves. According to [PERSON] et al. [52], the CF content obtained from amelina seed is high (36.8%), although the CF content in oilseed cake varies from 6.4% to 22.7%. In the current investigation, the CF content of amelina seed cake was significantly affected by both examined factors. CF content received the highest values in the minimum tillage system, with the 2-year mean value being 11.87% higher in comparison with conventional tillage. Similar results, with increased fat content in soybean seeds as tillage became more minimized, were obtained by [PERSON] et al. [59]. Concerning the organic fertilization effect, the greatest 2-year mean value was obtained from compost (16.95 DM), whereas the lowest was recorded in the untreated (control: 15.02%). The positive effect of compost fertilization on CF content was previously reported by [PERSON] et al. [60] in pumpkin oil cake. In general, a comparison of our findings to the findings of previous research studies on other oilseed crop species reveals that the CF content in oilseed cake of amelina is greater than that in soybean (0.6-3.3%) and rapeseed (1.4-10.5%) meals [57; 58]. A high percentage of fibrous components (crude fiber; CFr) implies that the feed is characterized by low digestibility and energy value [61]. Previous research proved that high CFr content was observed in amelina seed by-products, with the values varying from 9.7% to 17.4%, indicating a higher content in comparison to that in soybean meal and similar to that in rapeseed expellers and meal [62]. CFr content was only influenced by organic fertilization regimes in the current research, and the highest 2-year mean value was reported in compost (7.72% DM), followed by vermicompost (7.48% DM).