# Patterns and Practices in the Use of Endodontic Materials: Insights from Romanian Dental Practices
## 1 Introduction  
The main goal of root canal therapy is to prevent future infections and to control the current infection within the root canal system [1]. The field of endodontics is constantly evolving with the introduction of new procedures and materials, and there is great potential for further advancements. The exponential expansion of endodontics is significantly influenced by the scientific advances in endodontic materials. The optimal approach to debridement, cleaning, shaping, and root canal filling remains a topic of discussion. Indeed, several innovative concepts, techniques, and instruments have been developed and put into practice. It is currently impossible to eradicate intraradicular infections with mechanical instrumentation alone. Therefore, irrigants are essential as a crucial supplement in the disinfection process of root canal therapy [2, 3]. Modern root canal treatment recommendscomprehensive root canal debridement through mechanical preparation and chemical irrigation, following advancements in technology and knowledge. As a result, traditional root canal dressing agents have gradually become less prevalent, leading to significant changes in the medications and administration techniques used today. However, more standardization is required in root canal treatment protocols [4]. In addition to preparation and irrigation, root canal filling is a key aspect of endodontic treatment. The ultimate goal is to seal the main root canal and its accessory canals. This final step in endodontic intervention is not merely a mechanical act of hermetically sealing the root canal system; it must also exhibit marked biological characteristics. The primary objectives of filling include achieving optimal sealant levels, biocompatibility, and hermeticity. In the pursuit of the ideal endodontic filling, clinicians have developed various materials, instruments, and techniques. Therefore, a high-quality coronal filling that ensures the adhesive interface between the dental structure and the composite material is essential for protecting the tooth structure, maintaining its integrity, and enhancing the success rate of endodontic therapy [5; 6]. The longevity of composite restorations also depends on excellent oral hygiene, which implies effective plaque control through appropriate techniques proven to be highly effective in removing plaque deposits [7]. In 1958, Professor Dr. [PERSON], regarded as the father of contemporary endodontics, remarked, \"I seriously doubt whether there is any other space in the human body, outside the root canal, into which such a diversity of materials has been introduced over the ages\" [8]. Despite continuous research and the development of new materials and techniques for achieving a \"three-dimensional filling\", perfect and long-lasting sealing of the complex endodontic space remains elusive [9]. Bioceramics and epoxy resin sealers are two commonly used materials in endodontic filling. Comparative clinical investigations have yielded inconsistent findings regarding their sealing efficacy, treatment outcomes, and the occurrence of postoperative issues such as leakage, periapical inflammation, and root resorption. The performance of these sealers can be influenced by various factors, including the application technique, root canal anatomy, and the operator's skill. Despite the ongoing advancements in state-of-the-art technologies, the availability of a wide range of chemical solutions, and the market introduction of new materials in endodontics, more data is necessary regarding how these advances align with the daily endodontic practices of Romanian dentists. The aim of this study is to analyze and document the patterns and practices employed by Romanian dentists in selecting and utilizing endodontic materials during clinical procedures.