## 1 Introduction  
This study concentrates on different patterns of street networks in sprawled areas versus compact areas in South Asian cities. The main research topics in this study are street-length density in sprawled and compact neighborhoods, active mobility, and urban travel behavior in two different urban forms in Pakistani cities. Although there is a considerable body of literature on urban sprawl and its relationship with urban mobility, most of our knowledge comes from American and Western studies. While urban sprawl is well known as the dominant pattern of development in the United States [1], it has also emerged as a pattern of new development in other countries, low-income as well as high-income. As a result, urban sprawl has become an urban challenge in emerging markets. Scholars have identified a range of characteristics defining urban sprawl, such as low-density, car-dependent areas; single land uses; street networks with low connectivity; and leapfrogging and discrete new development areas in the periphery of cities [2; 3; 4; 5]. The pattern of streets corresponds to the level of sprawl [6; 7]. A large number of studies have related sprawl with the use of motor vehicles, long-distance commuting trips, high-energy consumption, and greenhouse gas emissions. This literature has discussed street structure as one of the most important determining features of urban sprawl. Urban scholars have therefore calculated a \"connectivity variable\" as a metric for assessing a street network, with urban sprawl characterized by low street connectivity [1; 6]. In other words, sprawled areas are defined by longer streets, discontinuous development areas, fewer intersections, and lower levels of accessibility. The idea of using different structures of street networks to influence travel is well known among urban planners. Capitalizing on the relationship between urban forms and transportation planning to reduce car dependency and greenhouse gas emissions can lead to more effective policies in this field. More particularly, studying different patterns of street networks in sprawled urban areas and their association with travel behavior in the context of developing countries can help planners avoid the generalization of strategies in developing countries. Cities in emerging economies and developing counties face rapid growth in various aspects of life. Rapidly growing urban populations has led to the mass proliferation of discrete settlements with lower street connectivity in emerging economies. However, there are differences in the causes, characteristics, forms, and consequences of urban sprawl in Western countries compared to those of emerging nations, such as India and Pakistan. Increasing urban sprawl, new patterns of street networks, and the deteriorating physical environment in the developing world cause complex multifaceted problems never experienced before. For this reason, scholars have recently begun to pay attention to urban sprawl in emerging economies [8; 9], but there continues to be a lack of investigations on urban sprawl and its relationship with socioeconomic features, travel behavior, patterns of the street network, and its contextual definition in emerging markets. For such areas, there is a need for modeling and analysis of street connectivity and urban mobility features. It is crucial that urban planners and decision-makers consider different countries' socioeconomic, cultural, historical, and geographical aspects when creating policies to address the disadvantages of urban sprawl for these policies to be effective. To investigate urban sprawl in the socioeconomic setting, the objective of this paper is to investigate the relationships between street connectivity and mobility patterns of residents in two large Pakistani cities. Street-length density was selected as an indicator for assessing this connectivity in street networks.