## 1 Introduction  
The Red Sea is a key crossroads across multiple continents, representing a nexus of geopolitical, economic, and environmental concerns. As a vital maritime artery, this distinctive body of water enhances global trade by offering the most efficient route, thereby playing an essential role in international commerce [1,2]. The ecological significance of the Red Sea is profound. Hosting some of the world's most diverse coral reefs, it is a vital center for marine biodiversity. Yet, this natural region is under threat from various factors including seismic activity, pollution, and the detrimental effects of climate change [3], underscoring the need for concerted conservation efforts. Situated within the Afro-Arabian Rift System, the Red Sea region is characterized by significant tectonic activity, resulting from the intricate interactions between the African and Arabian plates [4,5]. These plate dynamics result in various tectonic activities, such as rifting and spreading, increasing the future hazard of the region. The area is structured by significant fault systems including the Red Sea Rift, the Gulf of Suez, and the Gulf of Aqaba [6]. Historical records reported the occurrence of seismic activity in the Red Sea region in 859, 1121, 1191, 1269, 1408, 1630, and 1710 AD, with impacts reaching as far as the Al-Madinah and Makkah Provinces in Saudi Arabia [7,8]. Seismic activity in the Red Sea region, with its proximity to populated areas, presents hazards for neighboring countries, heightening the risk to life and property [9,10]. Observed seismic occurrences are not evenly distributed in the Red Sea tectonic environment, where the rift system is both extended and surrounded by divergent plates. Therefore, in this tectonically active region, it is crucial to understand the spatial and temporal patterns and characteristics of earthquake activities. The Red Sea region is characterized by seismic activity predominantly featuring small-to-moderate-magnitude earthquakes [7; 8]. The study of small-to-moderate-magnitude earthquakes in this region is particularly vital. These events, though less catastrophic than their higher-magnitude counterparts, contribute significantly to the overall seismic hazard due to their higher frequency of occurrence. Conventional seismic analyses often employ methodologies such as cluster and fractal analyses for spatial data interpretation, and Bayesian information criteria alongside generalized Poisson regression for temporal data analysis. These techniques, while effective in many settings, may not fully capture the complexity of the seismic activity in the Red Sea. Therefore, our study introduces an innovative approach, integrating both spatial and temporal dimensions of seismic data, to provide a more comprehensive understanding of seismic patterns. This methodology is inspired by successful applications in other seismically active regions. A significant approach for gaining more detailed knowledge of the geodynamic processes in the Red Sea region is through comprehensive analysis of earthquake data over time and space to discern patterns and mitigate future seismic hazards [11; 12; 13]. These methodologies typically integrate Geographic Information Systems (GIS) with advanced statistical models to map and analyze the distribution and frequency of seismic events. GIS provide a platform for visualizing and analyzing spatial seismic activity data, while statistical models can be used to identify patterns and relationships in the seismic activity enabling identification of risk areas and temporal patterns of seismicity [14; 15; 16; 17]. Understanding spatial and temporal seismic patterns sheds light on the stress distribution and accumulation within the crust, offering insights into the mechanics of earthquake generation and the potential for larger, more damaging events [14]. Those approaches could aid in preparation efforts to identify spatial clusters or concentrated areas of seismic activity [11].