# Classification and Merging Techniques to Reduce Brokerage Using Multi-Objective Optimization
## 1 Introduction  
In the early days, for the archival of stored data from personal computers, one had to have access to the personal computer. Accessing data globally was much more difficult. In the 1980s, the storage of data was conducted using fixed landline data centers, and these data centers were expensive to build. To access resources from a fixed landline server, one had to have access to the grid; this was time-consuming, and in contrast, the cloud is not restricted to storage alone, but it is also used for computing and networking. In computers and computer networking, the network has a complicated section and the collection of computer systems is affected. The cloud in the diagram signifies the fact that details about the system do not affect one's objectives, and therefore, they hide in a cloud. Details about the computer systems delivering the service do not concern the user. Details of how this happens do not matter, and therefore, the system appears in a cloud. To avoid this, users started to purchase or install software and data centers of their own; this proved to be costly. Once a job is done, if resources are not utilized, this means it is underutilized. Therefore, the usage of resources was not scalable and efficient. Additionally, the cloud is not restricted to storage alone, but it is also used for computing and networking. To overcome these problems, the use of resources on rental or lease-based mechanisms lead to the concept of cloud computing. These facilities have access to resources from any part of the world remotely, and the location of stored data is not known to the user. Cloud computing is an emerging technology used to store and remotely retrieve data. Hence, users do not have the botheration of investing in infrastructure. This reduces the cost, time, and energy needed, and its concept is 'pay per use'. An example of this is electricity [1]. Public clouds, private clouds, and hybrid clouds are the three types of cloud computing. Cloud computing provides services such as Infrastructure as a Service (Iaas), Platform as a Service (Paas), and Software as a Service (Saas). Iaas contains a pool of hardware resources such as memory, computing power, and storage capacity that are available for rent/lease. Instances of Iaas are presented by virtual machines (VMs) [2]. Computing can be modeled in two ways. The two-tier model directly communicates between the client and infrastructure service provider. Direct communication leads to a reduction in underutilization [3]. The other model is called the three-tier model, which includes one more tier that acts as a mediator role between the client and the service provider [4]. The mediator is called a broker. The cloud broker plays a dual role in the context of cloud computing. When a broker interacts with a provider, it acts as a client and behaves as a provider when interacting with a customer. This leads to effective resource utilization, but the broker benefits more, and the cost automatically escalates. To overcome this problem of cost escalation, a model is designed to reduce brokerage and thereby reduce the number of VM creations for effective resource utilization, as shown in Figure 1. Multi-objective optimization is mainly concerned with multiple attributes and two objective functions. For example, a consumer tends to minimize the cost of car which looks to have maximum comfort while purchasing a car. CURA is a Cloud-Managed Model which consists of a VM pool, profiler, and analyzer of a resource management system and works on jobs with deadlines. The VM pool manager, in-turn, assesses the current workload by reconfiguring the cluster workload and accordingly reconfigures the cluster size based on the type of incoming job sizes into small, medium, large, and extra-large and assesses the availability of VM cluster pools. The profiler and analyzer provide the requirements of the incoming job. The profiler identifies the available cluster pool.