## 3 Results and Discussion
### Comparison of Encapsulation Methods in Terms of Efficiency, Yield and Powder Characteristics  
Table 4 shows the effect of different encapsulation methods on encapsulation efficiency and drying yield. The encapsulation technique was found to have a significant effect (\(p<0.05\)) on drying yield and encapsulation efficiency. Even if the drying yield was the highest for SFD, encapsulation efficiency was the lowest. Encapsulation efficiency is a measure of how successfully core material is encapsulated. Hence, lower surface oil on powder particles means better encapsulation efficiency [27]. The encapsulation efficiency of SD-2 FN was found to be higher compared to SFD and SD-UN. This result obviously shows the superiority of the SD approach in the complete entrapment of the core material. Similarly, [PERSON], [PERSON], and [PERSON] [16] reported that encapsulation of carotenoid-enriched flaxseed oil using SD was better in terms of encapsulation efficiency than SFD. The encapsulation of PTFO using SD has been studied earlier by [PERSON], [PERSON], [PERSON], [PERSON], and [PERSON] [35]. The best encapsulation efficiency in this study was 54.58% with inulin. This value is quite low compared to that obtained in the present study with MD:GA blend. Bulk and tapped density of powders are important characteristics that affect packaging, transporting, storage, flowing properties, and storage stability. In this study, the bulk densities of powders obtained by using SFD, SD-UN, SD-2 FN, and FD ranged between 0.19 and 0.29 g\(\cdot\)ml\({}^{-1}\) (Table 4). The bulk density of powder obtained by both SFD and FD was significantly lower (\(p<0.05\)) than the SD ones. Closer bulk density values were earlier obtained in the encapsulation of vegetable oil (0.32-0.34 g\(\cdot\)mL\({}^{-1}\)) [59], the production of soy milk powders (0.21-0.22 g\(\cdot\)mL\({}^{-1}\)) [41], the microencapsulation of avocado oil (0.25-0.28 g\(\cdot\)mL\({}^{-1}\)) [60], and the encapsulation of flaxseed oil (0.2113 g\(\cdot\)mL\({}^{-1}\)) [16]. High bulk density means the low porosity between the particles, and so the amount of air occupied between the particles reduces. This would reduce the oxidation risk of powder and increase the storage stability [40]. The bulk and tapped densities should be close to each other for a powder with good flowability, so the Carr index will be small, and the Hausner Ratio will be close to 1.0 [61]. The compressibility or free-flowing quality is measured by CI, whereas the cohesiveness of powder is measured by HR. As shown in Table 4, no significant difference (\(p<0.05\)) was detected between SFD, SD-UN, SD-2 FN, and FD in terms of CI and HR. While CI for MD:GA/25:75 was determined to be in the range from 14.33 to 20.58, the HR was determined in the range of 1.16-1.25 using SFD, SD-UN, SD-2 FN, and FD. \"There are intermediate scales for CI between 11-15 or HR between 1.12-1.18 is considered 'good' flow, CI between 16-20 or HR between 1.19-1.25 is considered 'fair' flow [62]. Hence, the results of this study reveal that the powder obtained by FD had good flowability characteristics while other powders exhibited 'fair' flowability. Table 4 also shows the average particle sizes of powders encapsulated by SFD, SD-UN, and SD-2 FN. A significant (\(p<0.05\)) difference was found between encapsulates produced