# Magnetic Solid-Phase Extraction of Organic Compounds Based on Graphene Oxide Nanocomposites
## 2 Preparation and Applications of GO for the MSPE of Organic Compounds
### Nanocomposites of GO with Fe\({}_{3}\)O\({}_{4}\) Nanoparticles
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Analyte** & **Sample Matrix** & **Synthetic Route** & **Analytical Technique** & **LODs (ng mL-1)** & **Recovery (Cu)** & **Rausibility** & **Reference** \\ \hline \multicolumn{7}{c}{_Solological Samples_} \\ \hline Transsoloxin hydrochloride & Plasma & Mie/Stirring & HPLC-UV & 0.17 & 981–1014 & At least 4 times & [43] \\ Pseudodephedrine & Urine & Chemical copper/plution & HPLC-UV & 23 & 96.42 & N.A. & [44] \\ Pyychosetive drugs & Urine & Chemical copper/plution & HPLC-MS/RS & 0.02–0.2 & 804–1055 & At least 10 times & [45] \\ Methanphenheimer & Urine & Chemical copper/plution & HPLC-UV & 30 & 93.5 & At least 1 time & [46] \\ PAH metabolites & Urine & Mi/Agitation & UPLC-MS & 0.01–0.15 & 983–1252 & N.A. & [47] \\ \hline \multicolumn{7}{c}{_Environmental Samples_} \\ \hline FCB 28 & Water & Chemical copper/plution & GC-MS & 0.027–0.059 & 77.2–99.7 & N.A. & [48] \\ Atrazine & Water & Chemical copper/plution & GC-MS & 0.66 \(\times\)10\({}^{-3}\) & 96–102 & N.A. & [48] \\ DEHP & Water & Substructural approach & HPLC-DAD & 0.35 & 91.6–1065 & N.A. & [49] \\ PAHs & Water & Chemical copper/plution & HPLC-UV & 0.09–0.19 & 768–1012 & N.A. & [42] \\ NTT & Water & Mi/Stirring & HPLC-UV & 0.3 & 87–20 & Up to 6 times & [41] \\ Malechis Green & Water & Chemical copper/plution & HPLC-UV & 0.091–0.12 & 915–116 & N.A. & [50] \\ Crystal Voit & Water & Mu/Stirring & HPLC-UV & 1.8–1.9 & 88.4–96.7 & N.A. & [51] \\ Institut, doxorubicin & Water & Chemical copper/plution & HPLC-DAD & 50–100 & 67.4–1199 & N.A. & [52] \\ \hline \multicolumn{7}{c}{_Food Samples_} \\ \hline Solosanides & Milk & Chemical copper/plution & HPLC-MS/MS & 0.02–0.13 & 73.4–97.4 & At least 6 times & [53] \\ Solosanides & Milk & Substructural approach & CE-DAD & 0.08–23.1 & 627–1048 & At least 3 times & [54] \\ Solstadizine & Milk, honey, water & Chemical copper/plution & Spectrophotometry & 340 & 943–1007 & At least 10 times & [55] \\ Patulin & Apple juice & Chemical copper/plution & HPLC-UV & 2.3 ng g-1 & 68.7–83.6 & At least 10 times & [56] \\ Pairwise, fragments & chocolate, fruit sugar & Chemical copper/plution & HPLC-DAD & 20–40 & 71.5–1124 & At least 5 times & [57] \\ Flavoodids & Tau, wire, wire & Substructural approach & HPLC-DAD & 02.6–0.0 & 82.0–101.4 & N.A. & [53] \\ Arab dyes & Jolly, candy, plum & Substructural approach & HPLC-UV & 0.36–2.29 ng g-1 & 732.1–107.7 & Up to 6 times & [40] \\ Leiparus & Seamser oil & Hydrovitation, sonication & HPLC-UV & 20–50 ng g-1 & 84.6–86.8 & N.A. & [42] \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Applications of GO/Fe\({}_{3}\)O\({}_{4}\) for the magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) of organic compounds from biological, environmental and food samples. Regarding the analysis of biological samples, graphene oxide has been employed for the MSPE of tamsulosin hydrochloride [43], pseudoephedrine [44], psychoactive drugs (including morphine, 6-monoacetylmorphine, amphetamine, methamphetamine, codeine, cocaine, dolantin and benzoylecgonine) [45], methamphetamine [46], flavonoids [33], as well as monohydrooxy polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons [47]. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with ultraviolet detector (UV), diode array detector (DAD), mass spectrometer (MS), or tandem mass spectrometer (MS/MS) have been employed for the separation and determination of the target analytes. The MSPE methods provide good extraction recoveries (>80%) and low limit of detections (LODs). Since the adsorbents provided nearly quantitative extraction recoveries in most cases, it can be concluded that the differences of the LOD values for the same compounds in similar sample matrices, mainly depend on the detection technique (e.g., DAD, MS, tandem MS, etc.). Moreover, the GO/Fe\({}_{3}\)O\({}_{4}\) material was found to be reusable in most cases.