# Review of Some Applications of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Technology in the Resource-Rich Country
## 2 Prerequisites for Using the UAVs in Some Spheres of Economy
### Monitoring of Environmental Pollution (MoEP)  
Environmental pollution as a result of industrial development, mining, and urban growth is a serious problem. Environmental pollution affects human health [28], agriculture [29], the climate system, and the hydrological cycle [30]. Fast-growing cities face the atmospheric pollution problems [31]. Polluted air, water, and soil increase risk of coronary heart disease, lung cancer, cerebrovascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and respiratory infections, resulting in morbidity and mortality. One of the promising practices for collecting data related to environmental pollution is using UAVs, equipped with cameras of various spectral ranges, a set of sensors, as well as spectrometric and gamma-radiometric equipment [32]. Existing examples show the possibilities of using UAVs to assess the radiation situation in the areas, dangerous for humans [33], for example, radiation mapping [34] and examining forests near Chernobyl [35]. In addition, UAV-based complexes are used for the detection of volatile organic substances (VOC) emitted as a result of emergencies [36] and for monitoring air pollution [37]. The scheme in Figure 4 shows the main tasks of environmental control (left) [38] and the way that UAVs can help in solving these tasks. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Agricultural Crops**} & **Current Yield** & **Current Gross** & **Current Crop** & **Expected Yield** & **Expected Gross** & **Expected Crop** \\  & **(2020), Centerns per** & **Harvest (2020)** & **Value, Million** & **When Using PA, Centerns per** & **Yield When Using** & **Value When Using** \\  & **Hectare** & **Million Tons** & **Dollars** & **Hectare** & **PA, Million Tons** & **PA, Million Dollars** \\ \hline Cereals (excluding wheat) and legumes & 12.8 & 5.6 & 761.15 & 21.6 & 9.5 & 1286.35 \\ Wheat & 11.8 & 14.4 & 2985.16 & 16.8 & 20 & 4238.93 \\ Potato & 206.7 & 4 & 1882.17 & 293.5 & 5.7 & 2672.68 \\ Oilseed crops & 9.5 & 1.8 & 188.76 & 13.5 & 2.6 & 268.04 \\ Sundflower seeds & 11.3 & 0.8 & 427.05 & 16.1 & 1.2 & 606.41 \\ Vegetables of open & 265.9 & 4.3 & 5089.54 & 377.6 & 6.1 & 7227.14 \\ and closed ground & 323.2 & 0.5 & 491.8 & 581.8 & 0.9 & 885.23 \\ Cotton & 25.9 & 0.33 & 99.34 & 36.8 & 0.46 & 141.05 \\ Total & 31.8 & 11924.97 & & 46.8 & 17325.84 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Comparison of current and expected crop values. Kazakhstan's environmental problems are associated with the growth of cities, the use of coal and oil for energy and heat generation, and the work of the extractive industry. Intensive development of natural resources, often without regard for environmental impacts, inevitably leads to land and soil contamination. According to the land balance data for 1 November 2015, there are over 240 thousand hectares of disturbed lands in the Kazakhstan, where overburden and rock dumps, tailing ponds, ash dumps, coal and mining quarries, etc. are located. Most of these lands are located in Karaganda, Kostanay, Mangistau, Akmola, East Kazakhstan, and Turkestan regions [39]. It can be noted that the largest city of Kazakhstan, Almaty, has one of the highest levels of atmospheric pollution [31,40], which leads to a significant growth of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, almost twice exceeding the average level in post-Soviet countries [41]. According to the World Bank estimates, polluted air increases healthcare costs in Kazakhstan by about USD 1 billion per year [42]. Reducing the concentration of the smallest PM2.5 dust particles by only 1 microgram will save about USD 56.7 million annually by reducing mortality and increasing the number of working days [43]. Payments for environmental emissions in Kazakhstan, which amounted to USD 216.7 million in 2017, are increasing annually by 8% according to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development [44].