## 2 State of the Art  
Safety is a facet of organizational culture that refers to all stakeholders' norms, values, and practices in relation to safety and risk. This type of culture gained prominence after pressure was implemented to prioritize production, which negatively influenced values, norms, and practices in safety management. An organization's primary standards for safety management are management commitment to safety, collaboration, incident reporting, communication, commitment, support, compliance, training, and safety rules. Safety is the most critical pillar of the aviation industry; a weak safety culture culminates in an increased likelihood of accidents, while a strong safety culture reduces the likelihood of accidents [3]. The EASA (European Union Aviation Safety Agency) defines safety as the result of all actions taken to prevent accidents, from the design of all aircraft applications to the operation of the aircraft. It defines safety standards to achieve the highest levels of safety. On the other hand, the ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organization) oversees the standards and practices of the participating nations to make the industry as safe and efficient as possible while also creating international standards to promote operational safety. When there is an accident, regardless of the location, the entire industry is negatively affected, especially if it is a fatal accident [4]). From the 1990s to the present day, aviation has entered an era of safety and reliability. Globally, with few exceptions, accidents have become infrequent to the point of becoming exceptional events (Figure 1). Although there are fewer and fewer accidents with fatalities and serious incidents, thus making risk assessment relatively difficult, there are new types of accidents that have been accounted for by the new type of causes (fatigue, \"human error\", software failure, organizational failure). In the past, mental health was often neglected, although it has always been a serious factor in relation to accidents in aviation. Although airlines have created tools to preserve mental health, they are more focused on fatigue as a general problem. On the other hand, these tools sometimes served only to elude fatigue prevention [5]. Historically, whenever air transport had a relatively rapid growth, this has eventually culminated in a series of accidents. However, ICAO has shown that the fatality rate for commercial flight operations has decreased over time [6]. For example, between 1970 and 1993, the mortality rate fell from 0.18 to 0.04 per 100 million inhabitants [7]. Although nowadays we see that accidents do not result from a simple occurrence but from a set of factors, accidents have not always been seen this way; in the beginning, two constituents were considered to culminate in an accident: people and technology. Technology has always been seen as the main problem when an error or malfunction occurs, but technology has become more reliable and less likely to fail over time. As time passed and technology advanced, people became the leading cause and, more recently, organizations and culture took that role, as seen in [2] (Figure 2). Accidents in aviation have decreased globally since the 1960s due to improvements and innovations in aircraft design and reliability and have been improved constantly to this day [8]. Over the years, several technologies have emerged for this purpose, to perform an operation with the least possible risk, namely the inclusion of autothrottle, fly by wire (FBW), or glass cockpit (EFIS/EICAS/ECAM) [9]. The certifications of the surrounding areas are increasingly essential, such as Design, Production, Modification: Part-21-Certifications Specifications, Maintenance, and Certification of maintenance personnel: Part-M, PART-CAMO, PART 145, PART 147, PART 66, operations PART-OPS, and lastly, Certification Air Crew: PART-AIRCEW [10].