# Geographical Distribution of Global Radiation and Sunshine Duration over the Island of Cyprus
## 4 Conclusions  
Hourly data of global horizontal irradiance (G) were obtained from the automatic weather stations of Cyprus, covering mainly the period 2019-2021. Mostly, Kipp & Zonen pyranometers were used for the measurement of global radiation. For the sunshine duration measurements, Kipp & Zonen CSD3 sunshine duration sensors were used. The sensors, at the same time, measured the direct normal irradiance (\(B_{n}\)) in W/m\({}^{2}\), which, however, was less accurate than the measurements of this variable through the pyrhiliometers that are installed on solar tracking systems. Generally, the data of 28 automatic weather stations that were either in operation or closed, measuring the global radiation, were used for the assessment of solar radiation data. Furthermore, 18 stations equipped with Campbell-Stokes sunshine recorders, operating in different periods, were used to estimate global radiation. The stations were classified according to their location and their elevation, as coastal, inland plain, semi- mountainous, and mountainous stations. The first objective of the study was the assessment of the hourly and daily measurements of global solar radiation and sunshine duration data. For this purpose, the data underwent an extensive  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multicolumn{11}{c}{**Athalassa**} \\ \hline \multicolumn{11}{c}{**G (W/m\({}^{2}\))**} & \multicolumn{11}{c}{**Gct (W/m\({}^{2}\))**} & \multicolumn{11}{c}{**Gpc (W/m\({}^{2}\))**} & \multicolumn{11}{c}{**Gct (W/m\({}^{2}\))**} \\ \hline
**Month** & **Mean** & **StDev** & **Min** & **Max** & **Mean** & **StDev** & **Min** & **Max** & **Mean** & **StDev** & **Min** & **Max** & **Mean** & **StDev** & **Min** & **Max** \\ \hline
1 & 302 & 174.7 & 1 & 715 & 119 & 64.2 & 4 & 277 & 280 & 109.2 & 66 & 525 & 490 & 114.9 & 125 & 715 \\
2 & 414 & 215.4 & 2 & 880 & 135 & 74.6 & 9 & 328 & 272 & 128.3 & 75 & 589 & 549 & 151.6 & 139 & 880 \\
3 & 463 & 257.2 & 1 & 1121 & 149 & 95.7 & 1 & 384 & 353 & 168.2 & 64 & 745 & 625 & 191.8 & 119 & 1121 \\
4 & 532 & 289.9 & 7 & 1109 & 152 & 104.8 & 7 & 427 & 338 & 181.1 & 69 & 800 & 714 & 201.5 & 150 & 1109 \\
5 & 608 & 284.7 & 24 & 1088 & 157 & 111.3 & 24 & 428 & 281 & 169.8 & 61 & 787 & 739 & 198.6 & 225 & 1088 \\
6 & 601 & 301.9 & 23 & 1139 & 180 & 107.4 & 23 & 444 & 271 & 162.8 & 60 & 796 & 763 & 199.2 & 221 & 1139 \\
7 & 606 & 290.0 & 30 & 1081 & 123 & 104.7 & 30 & 396 & 254 & 134.8 & 65 & 801 & 763 & 174.4 & 322 & 1081 \\
8 & 586 & 278.2 & 34 & 1078 & 135 & 96.5 & 34 & 367 & 259 & 139.5 & 65 & 780 & 741 & 164.3 & 300 & 1078 \\
9 & 525 & 240.2 & 40 & 865 & 128 & 99.9 & 40 & 366 & 278 & 139.0 & 63 & 727 & 680 & 125.7 & 226 & 865 \\
10 & 442 & 208.9 & 21 & 854 & 134 & 85.7 & 21 & 342 & 275 & 127.0 & 63 & 625 & 588 & 118.9 & 133 & 854 \\
11 & 299 & 183.8 & 5 & 765 & 115 & 71.8 & 5 & 290 & 277 & 108.2 & 70 & 562 & 503 & 99.6 & 133 & 765 \\
12 & 287 & 167.7 & 0 & 701 & 103 & 62.4 & 3 & 260 & 246 & 92.4 & 66 & 467 & 462 & 76.8 & 213 & 701 \\ \hline
**Year** & 490 & 277.5 & 0 & 1139 & 130 & 85.5 & 1 & 444 & 281 & 143.7 & 60 & 801 & 674 & 193.0 & 119 & 1139 \\ \hline \multicolumn{11}{c}{**Kambos**} \\ \hline \multicolumn{11}{c}{**G (W/m\({}^{2}\))**} & \multicolumn{11}{c}{**Gct (W/m\({}^{2}\))**} & \multicolumn{11}{c}{**Gpc (W/m\({}^{2}\))**} & \multicolumn{11}{c}{**Gct (W/m\({}^{2}\))**} & \multicolumn{11}{c}{**Gct (W/m\({}^{2}\))**} \\ \hline
**Month** & **Mean** & **StDev** & **Min** & **Max** & **Mean** & **StDev** & **Min** & **Max** & **Mean** & **StDev** & **Min** & **Max** & **Mean** & **StDev** & **Min** & **Max** \\ \hline
1 & 317 & 180.9 & 48 & 757 & 145 & 53.3 & 48 & 269 & 292 & 101.2 & 66 & 528 & 493 & 142.1 & 117 & 757 \\
2 & 346 & 230.2 & 29 & 849 & 142 & 70.6 & 29 & 320 & 298 & 1 quality control process for both hourly and daily values, which was followed by a statistical analysis of the global radiation and the derived indices. In this way, the geographical distribution of global radiation over the island of Cyprus was assessed.