# Emerging Paradigms and Architectures for Industry 5.0 Applications
###### Abstract  
After the success of the first Special Issue on \"Emerging Paradigms and Architectures for Industry 4.0 Applications\" [1], a new Special Issue was launched to update the approach followed by the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4 IR), with the primary goal of fostering the path towards the Fifth Industrial Revolution (5 IR), known as \"Industry 5.0\" in Europe. This new paradigm complements the existing Industry 4.0 principles by driving the transition to a sustainable, human-centered, and resilient industry. 5 IR-enabling technologies such as Industrial Cyber-Physical Systems (ICPS), the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), novel computing paradigms (e.g., fog, mist, and edge computing), Distributed Ledger Technologies (DLIS) (e.g., blockchain), digital twins, or augmented/mixed reality technologies, allow for developing novel cyber-secure, resilient, collaborative and human-centric advanced manufacturing systems. Such systems focus on the continuous improvement of the manufacturing processes, by taking advantage of several relevant digitalization-related aspects at the data level (e.g., collection, communication, and storage), at the system's operational level (e.g., reliability, scalability, real-time performance, and energy efficiency), and at the systems' integration level (e.g., interoperability, standardization, and security by design). In this second edition, this Special Issue collected papers that aim at reporting the latest advances in architectures, paradigms, and applications in the ever-increasing complex ecosystem of green smart manufacturing. A total of five papers (two research papers and three review papers) were presented in this Special Issue, related to various Industry 5.0 related areas, like Low-Power Wide-Area Network (LPWAN) technologies, power management, IIoT, CPSs, or blockchain. Sustainability, and specifically, circular economy, is the research aim of [2]. The circular economy is, together with digitalization, a factor that will enable future European competitiveness. It clearly represents a market opportunity for European industries, mainly composed of strong but highly fragmented small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), which account for 99% of all businesses in the European Union (EU). Such an ecosystem gives rise to the proliferation of numerous commercial platforms for digitalized manufacturing. Although there are some promising works undergoing, value networks do not operate in a seamless, transparent, and effective way. [PERSON] et al. [2] identified six challenges that need to be addressed in order to successfully deploy a manufacturing platform that supports value networks operating in a circular economy framework. Thus, the article describes a vision for this platform as an ecosystem of open platforms and commercial solutions aimed at filling the identified gaps. The paper presents the foundations for an International Data Space (IDS) manufacturing platform based on FIWARE technology and aims at empowering a fully digital circular economy. The problem of accessing to trustworthy, transparent, and reliable information is studied in [3]. Specifically, the article analyzes a use case related to government inspection agencies, which monitor the concentration of fine dust at construction sites through IoT devices, but the verification that adequate reduction measures are being considered is still difficult, since contractors may submit false reports. In addition, since the centralized monitoring system is under government management, access to information is difficult (e.g., it is not an open platform). In order to solve the aforementioned issues, [PERSON] et al. propose a blockchain-based network concept model for the development of fine dust management systems at construction sites. The system provides all the stakeholders (e.g., contractors, government inspection agencies, and citizens) with information associated with IoT data and fine dust reduction measurements.