## 1 Introduction  
In able-bodied athletes, one method of characterizing power in ballistic or cyclical movements is to study the relationship between force and velocity. For each evaluated multi-joint movement, the relationship between force and velocity is described as an inversely proportional linear relationship (i.e., the greater the velocity of the movement, the less force is developed) [1]. Ballistic movement is described as the ability to accelerate mass as quickly as possible. Whether moving one's own body mass or an external mass, this athletic ability is closely linked to the neuromuscular system's ability to produce the greatest possible impulse in the shortest possible time [2]. To obtain a force-velocity profile of a ballistic movement [3; 4], the protocols used include vertical jumps to study lower limb power [3; 5] or bench presses to evaluate upper limb power [6; 7; 8]. The linear relationship between the force and the velocity has also been observed during other gestures such as pedaling [9; 10; 11] and cranking [12; 13; 14]. However, this relationship has been used to characterize the power of athletes making a standard gesture rather than during a specific sports movement. To confirm the applicability of this force-velocity relationship for assessing athletic performance, several authors have compared this relationship against more activity-specific metrics. In a study from 1987, authors observed a significant correlation between maximal power on a cycle ergometer and vertical jump performance [9]. In another study, rowers with the highest maximal theoretical force (F0) and maximal measured power values in their bench pull and vertical jump profiles also produced the highest average power outputs on rowing machines [15]. [PERSON] et al., in 2017, observed the relationship between countermovement jumps, the short anaerobic lower limb Wingate test, bench press throws, and bench pull force-velocity profiles. The authors show the moderate and inconsistent generalizability of force-velocity relationship parameters of the tested muscles across different tests [16]. However, in this study, the two tests on the upper limbs' force-velocity relationship concerned antagonistic movement, so the relationship between different movements using the same muscles was only present in the lower limbs. The evaluation of upper limb capacities is a crucial aspect of para-athletes who use manual wheelchairs in their physical activities, such as wheelchair basketball players. In the literature, upper limb performances can be evaluated with tests on crank ergometers [17; 18], roller ergometers [18; 19], or on the field [20]. However, few studies have attempted to characterize the force-velocity profile of wheelchair propulsion [18], and to our knowledge, none have examined the correlations with other evaluations of the force-velocity profiles that the upper limbs can develop. In the literature, the assessment of symmetry between the upper limbs among manual wheelchair users in daily life or sports has been investigated through various modalities such as the roller ergometer [19], instrumented wheels on the field [21], and arm crank ergometer [22]. Nonetheless, no study has reported on the feasibility of evaluating asymmetry during wheelchair propulsion using a different protocol and gesture, that uses the same muscle groups. This limited knowledge about the force-velocity profile of wheelchair propulsion makes it difficult to prescribe targeted training interventions for para-athletes. The present study aims to characterize the force-velocity profile of upper body wheelchair propulsion and to investigate potential correlations between this profile and other assessments of upper body strength and power. The second aim of this study is to analyze the symmetry between the upper limb during different gestures.