# Blockchain for Future Wireless Networks: A Decade Survey
###### Abstract
The attackers can manipulate those public channels, where they can access the private keys and intercept the ongoing communication between the sender and receiver [19]. This affects the security of the WNs and imperils the privacy of the end-users. Hence, there is a requirement for a robust technology, i.e., the blockchain, which can integrate with the WNs to relieve the security and privacy constraints [20; 21]. Blockchain technology has an immutable decentralized ledger that can securely store the sensitive information of WN applications in such a way that it complicates the process of manipulation by the attackers [22]. Currently, it is embraced by various WN-enabled smart applications, such as financial, smart homes, smart grids, smart supply-chain management, and smart cities, to ensure secure communication while sharing the data between different participating entities of WN [23; 24]. Further, the decentralized nature of blockchain makes the technology transparent and more reliable. This is because a member of the blockchain can see transactions made by the other blockchain member. Additionally, it is inclined toward concrete cryptographic public and private keys to secure each blockchain transaction. Therefore, it is resistant to various security and privacy issues, such as data injection and data tampering attacks, and overcomes the issue of single-point failure [25]. The integration of WN and blockchain has great potential, especially for mission-critical applications, such as e-healthcare, smart factories, public safety, and military services that require constant supervision against security threats. In addition, it also offers security to ensure interoperability and trust between complex sub-systems of smart applications. To facilitate the integration of blockchain and WN, many researchers have proposed several state-of-the-art advances in blockchain-enabled WN. For example, [PERSON] et al. [10] presented an extensive discussion on different opportunities that blockchain has brought to the world of 5G and future generation wireless networks. However, they have not discussed the critical shortcomings of blockchain in WN, such as security vulnerabilities and privacy concerns. Further, [PERSON] et al. [26] introduced a comprehensive study of blockchain radio access network (B-RAN) based framework for 6G. They further elaborated on the necessity of a consensus mechanism, digital contracts, inter-network data sharing, and a trust model in WN to preserve the privacy of the authenticated users. Unfortunately, most of the integration between blockchain and WN specifies the partial aspects of security and privacy issues in WN. Many researchers have proposed blockchain-based solutions for secure wireless communication. However, very few of them discussed security issues and their countermeasures in depth. Thus, there is a requirement to follow a proactive way and consolidate emergent research works toward privacy and security issues of WNs. Hence, this paper highlights the security and privacy aspect and its effect on future WNs with possible solutions by resorting to blockchain technology.