# A Novel Approach against Sun Glare to Enhance Driver Safety
## Materials and Methods
### Hardware Structure  
In the following subchapter, we will present some existing hardware components on the market that can be used to achieve the hardware part of the system.  
The proposed solar tracking sensor is made by Solar MEMS Technologies and is highlighted in Figure 2.  
Figure 1: (**a**) A graphical overview of the digital sunshade system. (**b**) Block diagram of the digital sunshade system.  
Figure 2: ISS-DX sensor. Reference for measured angles.  
The ISS-D60 sensor has the following main features [13], briefly presented in the Table 1.  
The ISS-DX sensor can be used for multiple applications like sun tracking systems, heliostats, altitude control using light sources, or navigation systems. In [14], the sensor was used in a navigation system designed for micro planetary rovers. Therefore, an even cheaper sensor can be used since this one can be considered overqualified for this task.  
The head-up displays evolved a lot in the last years and it is a domain in which big automotive companies invest. Next, we will present a series of alternatives that can be used. Among the solutions, we can mention smart glass, which is a type of glass whose opacity can be controlled by applying a voltage, heat, or light source. In this manner, the glass changes from transparent to translucent, in consequence, blocking a part of the light wavelengths. At CES2016 [15] and CES2017 [16] Continental Automotive presented this product which, based on light sensors, can be fitted at exactly the point where the sun is shining on (Figure 3).  
Another extraordinary piece of technology is built by Lumineq [17]: in-glass displays which are perfect for this kind of application. The displays offer 80% transparency for segment displays and 70% transparency for matrix and a 360-degree viewing angle. The product is marketed as ultra-reliable, having an increased tolerance to shock, vibration, and extreme weather. Moreover, the type, size, shape, and the place where to insert the display is fully customizable. An example of an in-glass display is presented in Figure 4.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Parameter** & **Value** & **Unit** & **Comments** \\ \hline Sensor type & 2 axes & - & Orthogonal \\ Field of view & 120 & \({}^{\circ}\) & Aperture of the cone view \\ Accuracy & \textless{}0.4 & \({}^{\circ}\) & - \\ Precision & \textless{}0.06 & \({}^{\circ}\) & Sensitivity \\ Angle resolution & 0.01 & \({}^{\circ}\) & - \\ Supply voltage & 5 to 12 & V & - \\ Average power consumption & 33 & mA & - \\ Operating temperature & \textless{}40 to +85 & \({}^{\circ}\)C & Industrial temperature range \\ Diameter & 80 & mm & - \\ Height & 27 & mm & - \\ Level of protection & IP65 & - & CEI 60529 Standard \\ Expected lifetime & \textgreater{}10 & years & - \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 1: ISS-D60 features.  
Figure 3: Smart glass concept.  
Taking a more futuristic approach, Alticast Corp [18] presented a demo regarding a future transparent flexible display for car information, HUD, and driving automation. The demo used a TFD made by LG (Figure 5).