# An Intelligent Wireless System for Field Ecology Monitoring and Forest Fire Warning
## 2 Design of the Monitoring System
### Design of System Software  
The system software runs continuously on the Alibaba cloud server. The overall framework is constructed based on the. NET technology, including the front-end presentation layer, the business logic layer, and the data access layer. Figure 4 presents the overall architecture of the system software.  
The presentation layer is responsible for interactions between the system and multiple concurrent users. The business logic layer deals with the core businesses, such as monitoring data reception, big data analysis, and the logical processing of data to meet the requirements of the presentation layer and the monitoring tasks. The data access layer directly operates the database for addition, deletion, modification, updating, and sea  
Figure 3: Forest microclimate monitoring stations in Beijing and Inner Mongolia. (**a**) Yan’er Ridge; (**b**) Wangjing Tower; (**c**) Luobadi; (**d**) Zhai’er Yu; (**e**) Hulun Buir; (**f**) Zhalantun.  
The PC front-end website of the presentation layer is designed with HTML, CSS, and the JavaScript scripting language. The visualized chart database Echarts.JS of Baidu is used to design the charts, dashboards, and dynamic components [23] for the monitoring data. In terms of data monitoring program, the Winform technique is used for setting up web pages. The administrators can monitor the operating state of the communication between the sensor and the Beidou Satellite. The WEB server program uses IIS of Microsoft and exchanges information with users' PC browsers via HTTP (hypertext transmission protocol).  
The Java language is used to develop the Android application for mobile phones. The HTTP protocol is used to upload and download data to and from the cloud server. The MPA AndroidChart open-source framework is used to achieve the query and display of real-time data on forest ecology, variation curve, grade of fire weather, etc.  
The communication service program receives the monitoring data and operative mode data transmitted by the field ecological monitoring station via the short message communication of the Beidou Satellite or GPRS. The monitoring data generation program is used to generate daily statements, monthly statements, and annual statements of monitoring data in Excel format. The monitoring data curve program is used to generate daily variation, monthly variation, and annual variation curves for various ecological parameters. The real-time data generation program provides real-time varying data for the dashboard controls of the PC front-end website. The big data analysis service program can achieve evaluation of the ecological environment restoration, making decisions on accurate irrigation, the monitoring of the stumpage growth state, etc. The back-end data acquisition program is connected with the data monitoring program of the presentation layers to complete the parameter setting for the data acquisition unit, the parsing of data from various sensors, format conversion, and the automatic processing of errors and missing data.  
The data access layer uses the MySQL database of open source code to provide storage space for all data and utilizes the structured query language SQL for database management.  
The system software uses Load Runner for testing, supports 1200 concurrent users, and reserves interfaces for subsequent application and extension; it therefore meets requirements such as real-time capability, multiple concurrence, and extendibility.  
Figures 5-7 present screenshots of the PC website. Figure 5 shows the real-time data on parameters such as temperature, moisture, and precipitation in the forest microenvironment in the form of a dashboard. Figure 6 shows the changes in forest temperature in one week in the form of a curve. Figure 7 shows ecological monitoring data of the forest microenvironment in the form of a statement. The data statements can be exported in Excel format.  
Figure 4: Block diagram of the software.