## 5 Comparison of the Pseudo-Dynamic Test Results and Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis Results
### Comparison of the Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis and Pseudo-Dynamic Test Results  
Nonlinear dynamic analysis was performed using the Hachinohe wave (EW) at 200 and 300 cm/s\({}^{2}\) applied in the pseudo-dynamic tests. Moreover, the model described in Section 5.1, along with CANNY [50] was employed. As mentioned earlier, 200 cm/s\({}^{2}\) of the Hachinohe wave (EW) was applied to the pseudo-dynamic testing of the test frame with no reinforcement, while 200 and 300 cm/s\({}^{2}\) were applied to the test frame retrofitted with NBSD. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} **Test** \\ **Specimen** \\ \end{tabular} } & \multirow{2}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} \(K_{o}\),\(K^{{}^{\prime}}_{o}\) \\ **(kN)** \\ \end{tabular} } & \multirow{2}{*}{\(Q_{o}\),\(Q^{{}^{\prime}}_{o}\)} & \multirow{2}{*}{\(a_{s}\),\(a^{{}^{\prime}}\)} & \multirow{2}{*}{\(Q_{w}\),\(Q^{{}^{\prime}}_{o}\)} & \multirow{2}{*}{\(\beta_{s}\),\(\beta^{{}^{\prime}}\)} & \multirow{2}{*}{\(\lambda_{d}\)} & \multirow{2}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} **Energy** \\ **Dissipation** \\ **[Test]** \\ **(kN-m)** \\ \end{tabular} } & \multirow{2}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} **Energy** \\ **Dissipation** \\ **[Test/Analysis]** \\ **(\%)** \\ \end{tabular} } & \multirow{2}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} **Energy** \\ **Dissipation** \\ **[Test/Analysis]** \\ **(\%)** \\ \end{tabular} } & \multirow{2}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} **Energy** \\ **Dissipation** \\ **[Test/Analysis]** \\ **(\%)** \\ \end{tabular} } & \multirow{2}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} **Energy** \\ **Dissipation** \\ **[Test/Analysis]** \\ **(\%)** \\ \end{tabular} } & \multirow{2}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} **Energy** \\ **Dissipation** \\ **[Test/Analysis]** \\ **(\%)** \\ \end{tabular} } & \multirow{2}{*}{\
\begin{tabular}{c} **Energy** \\ **Dissipation** \\ **[Test/Analysis]** \\ **(\%)** \\ \end{tabular} } & \multirow{2}{*}{
\begin{tabular}{c} **Energy** \\ **Dissipation** \\ **[Test/Analysis]** \\ **(\%)** \\ \end{tabular} } \\ \hline NBSD & 65.1 & 37.8 & 0.161 & 66.4 & 0.056 & 5.0 & 119.5 & 118.3 & 1.01 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 11: Parameters used in the modified Ramberg-Osgood (MRO) model for the NBSD system. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**Member** & **Restoring Force Model** & **Model Name** \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Beam} & Flexural spring & CP3 & Cross-peak trilinear model \\ \cline{2-4}  & Shear spring & OO3 & Trilinear origin-oriented \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Column} & Flexural spring & CA7 & CANNY sophisticated trilinear hysteresis model \\ \cline{2-4}  & Shear spring & OO3 & Trilinear origin-oriented \\ \cline{2-4}  & Axial spring & AE1 & Axial stiffness model \\ \hline Wall & Shear spring & OO3 & Trilinear origin-oriented \\ \hline Anchor bolt & Shear spring & EL2 & Bilinear elastic model \\ \hline NBSD & Damper spring & RO3 & Modified Ramberg-Osgood model \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{
\begin{tabular}{c} Steel frame \\ (H-beam) \\ \end{tabular} } & Flexural spring & BL2 & Degrading bilinear model \\ \cline{2-4}  & Shear spring & EL1 & Linear elastic model \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 12: Restoring force characteristics of each member used in the nonlinear dynamic analysis. Figure 24 shows the seismic response load-displacement and time-displacement hysteresis loops obtained from the first floor of the test frame with no reinforcement applied during nonlinear dynamic analysis and pseudo-dynamic tests when the input seismic ground motion was 200 cm/s\({}^{2}\). Figures 25 and 26 show the seismic response load-displacement and time-displacement hysteresis loops obtained from the first floor of the test frame retrofitted with the NBSD system during nonlinear dynamic analysis and pseudo-dynamic tests when the input seismic ground motion was 200 and 300 cm/s\({}^{2}\), respectively. Figure 27 shows the seismic response load-displacement relationships of NBSD during nonlinear dynamic analysis and pseudo-dynamic tests at 200 and 300 cm/s\({}^{2}\).