## 2 Existing Studies on escalators in Urban Railway Stations
[19] state that human factors and escalator strategies have an influence on decision-making and, therefore, the evacuation of escalators. The authors used EXODUS evacuation software based on the London Underground system. More recent studies [20] have used the cellular automata approach to simulate passengers on an escalator, considering passengers walking, standing, or forming groups. Research related to passenger behavior in subway stations, specifically regarding the choice between stairs and escalators, has seen significant advancement in recent years. A recent study by [PERSON] et al. [21] shed light on passenger selection behavior in this context. Furthermore, [PERSON] et al. [22] explored the impact of height on pedestrian route selection in these stations, while [PERSON] et al. [23] focused on the optimized design of security systems. Additionally, [PERSON] et al. [24] modeled passenger group panic in emergency situations, [PERSON] al. [25] investigated passengers' dependency on station functions, and [PERSON] et al. [26] developed calculation methods for passenger flow distribution. On the other hand, [PERSON] et al. [27] analyzed subway passengers' route preferences, while [PERSON] et al. [28] concentrated on passenger evacuation path planning in emergency situations. Furthermore, [PERSON] and [PERSON] [29] worked on the real-time monitoring of passenger flow congestion, and [PERSON] et al. [30] addressed the calibration of simulation models using smart card and train movement data. Moreover, in relation to agent-based pedestrian models, [PERSON] et al. [31] analyzed pedestrian behaviors in metro stations. Their model is able to reproduce various pedestrian behaviors and has been applied to evaluate the design of metro stations. The study demonstrates the flexibility and effectiveness of using simulation models to understand and optimize pedestrian flow in metro stations. Another study by [PERSON] et al. [32], discusses the analysis and optimization of passenger flowlines at a high-speed railway station using Anylogic simulation software version 8.1. The simulation model of passenger flowlines was established to simulate passenger flow during peak and off-peak hours. The study demonstrates the application of simulation models in optimizing passenger flow and improving the operation capacity of railway stations. In addition, [PERSON] et al. [22] conducted a study on passenger flow simulation in urban subway stations using Anylogic. The simulation model based on the theories of agent and queuing system was used to acquire the results and evaluate the operational efficiency of subway stations. This study highlights the use of simulation models to attract more passengers and improve the service quality of subway stations. Collectively, these research endeavors have provided a comprehensive understanding of how factors such as height, security systems, panic, and route preferences can influence passenger behavior in subway stations. This body of work offers a solid foundation for informed decision-making by subway system operators and designers in terms of station design, crowd management, and emergency preparedness, with the aim of enhancing efficiency, safety, and the overall passenger experience within these systems. Despite the important research carried out, new studies are needed to better represent the behavior of passengers and their effect on the capacity of escalators, which is the main objective of this paper.