# A Design Space for Virtuality-Introduced Internet of Things
## 2 Background  
IoT technologies currently have attempted to transform industry in different countries based on that country's national policy. For example, the German Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy has established a vision named Industry 4.0, which is an attempt to update the industry to a new stage by applying information technology [13]. The country promotes extensive use of IoT technologies because Industry 4.0 will be able to boost the productivity of companies by 30%, and Germany's gross value can be boosted cumulatively by 267 billion euros by 2025 [14]. General Electronic (GE) has a similar concept named Industrial Internet, which aims to blend industrial equipment with information technologies. The use of IoT technologies for these industries has generated high expectations, and IoT technologies will gain worldwide attention since the proposal has been rendered by large organizations such as GE and countries such as Germany. IoT technologies are also predicted to have a substantial impact on agriculture. For example, Konica Minolta and Yammar Heli & Agri made an innovation in Japanese agriculture via IoT technologies [15]. Japanese agricultural workers encounter the emerging problem of aging and a lack of successors; thus, the efficiency of agricultural work is an important issue. Current rice farmers measure leaf colors one leaf at a time. Since this approach is not realistic for all fields, they check 10 to 20 plants for each field and assess the quality of soil by the average value of them. Despite the fact that a mixture of adequate and inadequate nutrient places exists in one field, the farmers uniformly supply fertilizer because they do not know the growing condition of each field. To solve this problem, [PERSON] focused on the fact that unmanned helicopters are employed by 42% of Japanese farmers, and proposed a new business based on the idea of sensing a leaf color using Konica Minolta's infrared camera mounted on the unmanned helicopter. However, the rice collapsed and could not be sensed because the unmanned helicopter caused strong winds. Instead, they decided to use a drone to sense the rice, and the data were collected from the camera mounted on the drone. The system can create a leaf color map, and then the fertilizer is supplied from the unmanned helicopter based on the leaf color map. As a result, a dynamic fertilizer supplement was achieved. When the dynamic fertilizer supplement was applied based on the sensing in the field, it caused a significant effect. Because the soil was properly improved, the yield per 10 square meters increased from 7 bales to 11 bales when given the same amount of fertilizer. The harvest of the rice brand \"Haenuki\" also increased from 6 bales to 10 bales. A significant effect was observed with respect to the protein content, which is an indicator of the quality. Many efforts in agriculture have utilized IoT technologies [16; 17], and IoT technologies are now extensively employed in agricultural research [18]. Agriculture is appropriate for using typical IoT technologies that provide a sensor network because environmental monitoring is important for efficient crop production. IoT technologies are expected to be applied not only in industrial and agricultural sectors but also in our daily lives. The smart home, which contains digitized home appliances that are connected to a network, has been discussed from the first half of 2000 [19] to today [20]. On the business side, the popularity of the smart speaker Amazon Echo is increasing. After Amazon.com released Amazon Echo in 2014, Google Home by Google and HomePod by Apple were subsequently released. Users of these products can access weather and web information by talking to the speaker and the products themselves can connect and operate with other smart appliances. You can ask questions to the products such as _\"Today's weather?\"_ or give commands to them such as _\"Please turn off lights\"_.