## 5 Scenarios and Illustrative Applications  
Among the concepts in which ubiquitous edge-based IoVT sensing can increase safety and security include urban dwellings, rural industrial complexes, and coastal infrastructures, among others. Smart edge technology [102] can mitigate risk by monitoring pedestrians, understanding environmental conditions, and analyzing infrastructure in extreme weather conditions such as ice, fire, and hurricanes. As shown in Figure 3, the intersection of HAR (people), IoVT (technology), and scenarios (weather) can facilitate future smart planning for responsive action.  
Figure 3 illustrates the foundational conceptual framework of our proposed HARISM system by visualizing the critical three-dimensional intersection between people, technology, and the environment that allows for complete outdoor safety monitoring. This Venn diagram representation serves as a conceptual cornerstone for understanding how these three domains must interact harmoniously for effective safety monitoring. The people dimension encompasses users, communities, teams, organizations, and their associated tasks  
Figure 3: Intersection of technologies to enable HARISM.  
and actions; the technology dimension incorporates computers, networks, and various processing methods; and the environment dimension captures weather, infrastructure, culture, and terrain considerations. The labeled intersections highlight how these domains converge to create DATA (environment-technology), TASKS (people-technology), and ACTIONS (people-environment). Most critically, the central overlap where all three dimensions converge represents the core of our HARISM framework, where human activity recognition becomes contextualized within both technological capabilities and environmental conditions. This visualization is essential to our vision, as it emphasizes that outdoor safety monitoring cannot succeed by focusing on any single dimension in isolation. Effective systems must account for human behavior, leverage appropriate technologies, and adapt to diverse environmental contexts simultaneously.  
To ground our vision in practical applications, we explore three distinct settings--urban, rural, and coastal--where IoPVT-enabled outdoor safety monitoring can be implemented. These scenarios were selected to reflect a variety of challenges and opportunities that arise from different environmental, infrastructure, and societal contexts. Urban settings, such as Montreal, exemplify a high-density environment with complex infrastructure and new risks (e.g., icy staircases, crowded public spaces, etc.). The case of Harrisburg illustrates how rural areas face unique challenges due to dispersed infrastructure and industrial activities impacting public health, necessitating specialized environmental and biohealth monitoring methods. Coastal communities, in contrast, must face the harsh realities of climate change, with rising sea levels and extreme weather events making it essential to develop adaptive strategies for everything from evacuation to the resilience of roads and infrastructure. These scenarios demonstrate how integrated sensor networks, advanced HAR, and immersive virtual analytics can be evaluated to assess their potential to be customized for specific local challenges within broader outdoor safety monitoring frameworks.