# Research on Transparency Design Based on Shared Situation Awareness in Semi-Automatic Driving
## 3 Study
### Framework  
Combined with the theoretical background of shared situation representation, the task model of transparency and situation awareness, we analyzed the information in this interactive scenario according to the three stages of input, processing, and output. Then we made a transparency design of the environmental information in the scenario according to the SA stage, so as to compare the effects of the transparency design. We proposed a task process transparency design model based on shared situation awareness.  
We hypothesized that transparency design can enhance users' perceptions of the environment, improve driving safety, and lessen workload. We further assumed that the dynamic transparency design for information can achieve greater usability and perception than the static transparency design by not only displaying the information state but also communicating the system's prediction of the environment state.  
As shown in Figure 2, the intelligent system collects data from sensors about the environment during the input stage, such as vehicle distance, vehicle speed, vehicle state, lane offset, etc., and then analyzes the data, which is the first stage in SA, the SA1 stage (perception). Then, through the design of transparency, the intelligent machine provides the driver with fundamental information about their present condition, goals, intentions, and plans, assisting the driver in understanding the intelligent machine's present activities and plans.  
In the process phase, the intelligent system understands and analyzes the information, which is the second stage in SA, the SA2 stage (comprehension), and displays the understanding process through transparency to inform the driver of its understanding of the environment information and the task. In this phase, the information is status information (whether the approaching vehicle is dangerous, the degree of danger of the approaching  
Figure 2: Task process transparency design model based on shared situation awareness.  
vehicle), so that the driver can understand the actions performed by the vehicle and the intention of the system.  
In the output phase, the intelligent system makes predictions based on the continuously collected information, that is, the third stage in SA, the SA3 stage (projection), and then displays the prediction results through transparency to inform the driver to avoid being surprised or frightened by unexpected situations (such as a vehicle automatically changing lanes). In this phase, the information is changing information (changes in the dangerous state of rear vehicles, changes in the relative distance between rear vehicles and the ego vehicle). Thus, the driver knows what environmental factors may be interrupting the current driving behavior and when to take over. This information will help drivers avoid being surprised or frightened by unexpected situations.  
In the process phase of this model, the intelligent system displays the environmental state information through discontinuous changing interface elements, such as whether the rear vehicle is dangerous and the degree of danger of the rear vehicle. In the output phase, the intelligent system displays the dynamic information of the environment through continuously changing interface elements, such as the change in the dangerous state of the rear vehicle and the change in the relative distance between the rear vehicle and the ego vehicle, which causes the driver to pay attention to the change in environmental information at all times to deal with the occurrence of accidents.