## 2 Literature Review
### Key Aspects of CAP and Climate Change in European Union and Greece
* [6] Knowledge and innovation have a key role to play in helping farmers and rural communities to meet future challenges. The agricultural knowledge and innovation system (AKIS) includes all \"agriculture-related\" farming and rural activities: environment, climate, biodiversity, landscape, food, and non-food systems including processing and distribution chains, consumers and citizens, and social aspects. * [7]**Recommendations:** Based on the CAP-climate change overview, above, the following eight-step strategic design-framework is proposed, under which the EC should consider that the Greek CAP strategic plan needs to focus its priorities and concentrate its interventions considering the high territorial diversity of the Greek agriculture and rural areas:
* [8] Foster a smart, resilient, and diversified agricultural sector ensuring food security,
* [9] Bolster environmental care and climate action and contribute to the environmental--and climate-related objectives of the EU,
* [10] Addressing water-use efficiency, especially considering climate change projections for water scarcity, with practices and targeted management commitments by modernizing the existing irrigation infrastructure and installing more efficient and sustainable irrigation systems,
* [11] Improving the status of protected species and habitats, farmland birds and wild pollinations in line with the prioritized action framework for the CAP funding and the species and habitats action plans, thereby achieving biodiversity and climate mitigation and adaptation benefits coupled with increased productivity from enhanced pollination and natural pesticides control,
* [12] Contributing to climate change mitigation by encouraging carbon sequestration through carbon farming, the sustainable management of the existing forests as well as the timely replacement of harvested or damaged forest. Therefore, long-term carbon capture should be optimized and an increase the carbon sinks in forests, their soils and harvested wood products, to be achieved. * [13] Support and implementation not only for aforesitation, agrorost  
Within the nexus of the CAP and climate change, the links between water, energy, and food systems are particularly relevant as they highlight the need to consider the impacts of agricultural practices on resource management, as well as the potential for agricultural production to contribute to the energy sector [34]. As climate change results in more frequent and severe weather events, such as droughts and floods, it is important to consider how these events will affect the availability of water for agriculture and energy production. Additionally, as the demand for food and biofuels increases, there is a need to consider the impact of agricultural production on water and energy resources. In this context, the CAP plays a crucial role in ensuring that agricultural practices are sustainable and that the agricultural sector can adapt to these climate change-related impacts. The CAP can support the development of sustainable farming practices that reduce the pressure on water resources and promote the use of renewable energy in agriculture [35]. Additionally, it can encourage the development of agricultural practices that can contribute to the energy sector, such as the production of biofuels. Overall, the water -- energy -- food nexus highlights the need to consider the interdependent relationship between these systems in order to ensure sustainable agricultural practices in the face of climate change [32; 36].