## 4 Methods
### Event Log Generation  
To answer the research question, an event log was built, integrating events from the academic background of students. Every event in the event log is characterized by the attributes described in Table 3.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**Final State Event** & **Criteria** & **\# Students** \\ \hline EARLY-DROPOUT & The student had remained for a maximum period of two years. & 3008 \\ \hline ON-TIME-GRAD & The student had graduated in a period of time equal to or lower than the nominal duration of the undergraduate program by March 2019. & 2480 \\ \hline LATE-GRAD & The student had graduated in a period of time longer than the nominal duration of the undergraduate program by March 2019. & 3459 \\ \hline LATE-DROPOUT & The student had neither enrolled in 2019 nor graduated before that date, but was enrolled for more than two years. & 2022 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 1: Criteria used to define the final state of a student.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**ISCED Field** & **\# Programs** & **\# Students** \\ \hline Agriculture & 4 & 1296 \\ Science & 4 & 863 \\ Social Sciences, Business and Law & 8 & 2352 \\ Education & 5 & 726 \\ Arts \& Humanities & 3 & 172 \\ Engineering, Manufacturing and & 14 & 2740 \\ Construction & 11 & 2820 \\ Health \& Welfare & 11 & 2820 \\ TOTAL & 49 & 10,969 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 2: Number of students for each International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED) field.  
Figure 1: State diagram that shows the possible result events in the RETAKE-STOPOUT model, illustrating that all transitions between the three events are feasible between one semester and the next one.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c} \hline \hline
**Event Log Field** & **Description** \\ \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{CASE-ID} & Label that identifies a sequence of events [17] that, in this context, corresponds to the educational trajectory of a given student. \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{EVENT} & Three types of events were defined: enrollment, result and final state. \\  & For each educational trajectory, the enrollment event (ENR) \\ \cline{1-1}  & corresponds to the entry into the academic program, while the final state event corresponds to one of the 4 final states, as defined in Table 1. \\ \cline{1-1}  & Feasible result events are defined in Figure 1. \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{ISCED-FIELD} & Field of education to which the undergraduate study program belongs, as defined by International Standard Classification of Education. \\ \cline{1-1}  & \multicolumn{1}{c}{} \\ \cline{1-1} INITIAL-TIMEestamp & The start date of each semester. \\ \cline{1-1} FINAL-TIMEestamp & The end date of each semester. \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 3: Description of the attributes of all events contained in an event log.  
To describe the educational trajectories in the group of high-failure rate courses associated with late dropout, an event log was built and analyzed, which we will call ETEL (Educational Trajectory Event Log). To build ETEL, for each student enrolled in a program, a verification is undertaken at the beginning of each semester, as to whether the student has enrolled in courses that semester and whether the student must retake some high-failure rate course (because the student failed it in some previous semester). We had no information on whether students who did not enroll in any course in a particular semester had decided to drop out or stop out. Therefore, stopout events were added to the event log for those semesters in which the students did not enroll in any course but enrolled in courses in any subsequent semester. Otherwise, they were considered students who dropped out of their programs. The feasible result events and transitions are shown in a state diagram in Figure 1.