## 2 M2M Service Networks
### Related M2M Standardization Approaches
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c l l} \hline
**Approach/Focus** & **Forms** & **Contributions** \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{End-to-End Internet based approach} & - & IPSO Alliance—Enabling the Internet of Things [21] & - & Network related standards, e.g., IPv6 over Low Power \\  & - & The Internet Engineering & \multicolumn{2}{c}{WPAN (6 LoWPAN)} \\  & & & - & Constrained RESTful Environments (CoRE) \\  & - & The Internet Engineering & \multicolumn{2}{c}{-} & Routing Over Low power and Lossy Networks (ROLL) \\  & & Task Force (IETF) [22] & - & RPL for tiny battery operated devices \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{M2M gateway based approach} & - & ETSI M2M/Smart M2M & - & Generic horizontal service capability layer with \\  & & Technical Committee [23] & \multicolumn{2}{c}{standard interfaces} \\  & - & One M2M forum [24] & - & M2M concept and architecture \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Electronic product codes} & \multirow{4}{*}{EPC Global [25]} & \multirow{4}{*}{Usage of electronic product codes with RFID technology} \\  & & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & uID center [26] & \multicolumn{2}{c}{Identification of objects and places uniquely, and} \\ \cline{1-1}  & & association of information with them \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{RFID coordination} & Coordination And Support Action For Global RFID-related Activities and Standardization & - & Global Coding System (GCS) in relation to \\  & & & & RFID systems \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & Activities and Standardization & - \\ \cline{1-1}  & & (CASAGARAS) & - & IoT architectural components \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Video devices} & \multirow{4}{*}{ONVIF [27]} & \multirow{4}{*}{ONVIF defines a common protocol for the exchange of} \\  & & & information between network video devices including \\  & & & automatic device discovery, video streaming and metadata \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Electricity, gas, water and heat meters} & \multirow{4}{*}{Openmeter [28]} & \multirow{4}{*}{Development of open standards for advanced meter} \\  & & & interface (AMI) \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Sensors} & \multirow{4}{*}{OGC Sensor Web Enablement (SWE) [29]} & Sensor web enablement standards to enable developers to \\  & & & make all types of sensors, transducers and sensor data \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & repositories discoverable, accessible and usable via Web \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{User interfaces} & \multirow{4}{*}{UIML [30]} & \multirow{4}{*}{User Interface Mark-up Language (UIML), which allows} \\  & & & dynamic change of the UI content by enabling UI generation \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Devices and their services} & \multirow{4}{*}{Universal Plug and Play (UPnP) [31]} & \multirow{4}{*}{Configuration and discovery of the devices and their services, UPnP} \\  & & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & For BACnet: ASHRAE & - & A data communication protocol for building automation \\ \cline{1-1}  & & Standing Standard Project & \multicolumn{2}{c}{and control networks.} \\ \cline{1-1}  & & Committee (SSPC) & - & BACnet, Modbus, DNP3, CAN, _etc._ \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Radio access protocols for IoT and M2M} & \multirow{4}{*}{IEEE, NFC Forum, ZigBee} & \multirow{4}{*}{ZigBee, NFC, Bluetooth, WiFi, _etc._} \\  & & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & Alliance, Bluetooth SIG & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Semantic access to IoT and M2M data} & \multirow{4}{*}{W3C} & \multirow{4}{*}{-} & Ontology Web Language (OWL) \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & - & Darpa Agent Mark-up Language (DAML) \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & - & Resource Description Framework (RDF) \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Medical devices} & \multirow{4}{*}{-} & Center for Integration of & \multirow{4}{*}{Standards and/or profiles for health related or medical} \\ \cline{1-1}  & & Medicine and Innovative & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & Technology (CIMIT) & \multicolumn{2}{c}{devices} \\ \cline{1-1}  & & - & Continua Health Alliance & \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: M2M Standardization approaches. Dynamic configuration and discovery methods have been applied in large scale within peer to peer (P2P) content delivery systems, e.g., Napster, KaZaA, Gnutella, Morpheus and BitTorrent [32].