# Niching Global Optimisation: Systematic Literature Review
## 2 Niching Paradigms
### Parallel Niching Paradigms
#### 2.2.3 Restricted Tournament Selection (RTS)
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* (146) [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] A reinforcement learning-based neighborhood search operator for multi-modal optimization and its applications. _Expert Syst. Appl._**2024**, _246_, 123150. [CrossRef]
* (147) [PERSON]; [PERSON] A novel swarm intelligence optimization approach: Sparrow search algorithm. _Syst. Sci. Control Eng._**2020**, \(8\), 22-34. [CrossRef]
* (148) [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] [PERSON] Equilibrium optimizer: A novel optimization algorithm. _Knowl.-Based Syst._**2020**, _191_, 105190. [CrossRef]
* (149) [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] Self-organizing map based differential evolution with dynamic selection strategy for multimodal optimization problems. _Math. Biosci. Eng._**2022**, _19_, 5968-5997. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
* (150) [PERSON] Essentials of the self-organizing map. _Neural Netw._**2013**, _37_, 52-65. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
* (151) [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] Optimal Peaks Detected-Based Differential Evolution for Multimodal Optimization Problems. In Proceedings of the 2023 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC), Honolulu, HI, USA, 1-4 October 2023; pp. 1176-1181. * (152) [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] OPTICS: Ordering points to identify the clustering structure. _ACM Sigmod Rec._**1999**, _28_, 49-60. [CrossRef]
* (153) [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] Reliability and performance of UEGO, a clustering-based global optimizer. _J. Glob. Optim._**2001**, _19_, 265-289. [CrossRef]
* (154) [PERSON]; [PERSON] [PERSON] A global optimization algorithm based on combined evolutionary programming/cluster analysis. In Proceedings of the CCECE 2003-Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering. Toward a Caring and Humane Technology (Cat. No. 03 CH37436), Montreal, QC, Canada, 4-7 May 2003; Volume 2, pp. 1123-1126. * (155) [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] Clustering with a weighted sum validity function using a niching PSO algorithm. In Proceedings of the 2007 IEEE International Conference on Networking, Sensing and Control, London, UK, 15-17 April 2007; pp. 368-373. * (156) [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] Niching foundations: Basin identification on fixed-property generated landscapes. In Proceedings of the 13 th Annual Conference on Genetic and Evolutionary Computation, Dublin, Ireland, 12-16 July 2011; pp. 837-844. * (157) [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] Variable mesh optimization for the 2013 CEC special session niching methods for multimodal optimization. In Proceedings of the 2013 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation, Cancun, Mexico, 20-23 June 2013; pp. 87-94. * (158) [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] Accurate sub-swarms particle swarm optimization algorithm for service composition. _J. Syst. Softw._**2014**, _90_, 191-203. [CrossRef]
* (159) [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] A clustering-based model-building EA for optimization problems with binary and real-valued variables. In Proceedings of the 2015 Annual Conference on Genetic and Evolutionary Computation, Madrid, Spain, 11-15 July 2015; pp. 911-918. * (160) [PERSON]; [PERSON] Large-scale cooperative co-evolution using niching-based multi-modal optimization and adaptive fast clustering. _Swarm Evol. Comput._**2017**, _35_, 65-77. [CrossRef]
* (161) [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] Real-valued evolutionary multi-modal optimization driven by hill-valley clustering. In Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference, Kyoto, Japan, 15-19 July 2018; pp. 857-864. * (162) [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] Two-Phase Real-Valued Multimodal Optimization with the Hill-Valley Evolutionary Algorithm. In _Metaheuristics for Finding Multiple Solutions_; Springer: Cham, Switzerland, 2021; pp. 165-189. * (163) [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] Evolutionary niching in the GAtor genetic algorithm for molecular crystal structure prediction. _Faraday Discuss._**2018**, _211_, 61-77. [CrossRef]
* (164) [PERSON]; [PERSON] Multimodal estimation of distribution algorithm based on cooperative clustering strategy.