# A Methodological Approach for the Smartification of a University Campus: The Smart ESI Use Case
## 2 Related Works
### Smart University  
The systematic review of literature on smart universities described in [9] reveals a plethora of works in a low maturity degree due to the lack of theoretical frameworks that enable them to reflect their specific circumstances. There exists a first group of works oriented to improving the education process in a more digital than smart way; thus, a smart university is a platform that acquires and delivers foundational data to drive the analysis and improvement of the teaching and learning environment [10]. Under this umbrella, we found a variety of platforms that increase the availability of data and resources and improve the user experience through, for instance, web-based tools, apps and conversational interfaces, following the changes promoted by new regulations, policies and social issues that are influencing the educational model [11], but excludes strategic aspects of the institution such as the governance, the environment and the efficiency in the resources management and the sustainability. An example of this first group is presented in [12], which describes a smart university as an organization composed of four smart axes--student, knowledge, interaction, and learning--to reflect the changing environment to which education processes are subjected due to informal learning methods and ubiquity of resources, students and teachers. The same criteria is followed in [13], where a smart classroom is defined as an intelligent class that incorporates learning methods and emerging information technologies with innovative teaching and new pedagogies. The same idea is reflected under the term smart campus which was coined in the 2000s: a video conference system for distribution of multimedia contents to the students [14]. In a second group, we find smart universities that are modeled following the design principles of a smart city and underwriting the sentence \"behind every smart city is a smart university\" quoted by Dr. [PERSON] of IBM. Such approaches are oriented to have better control of a broader range of aspects such as governance, wellness, management, or energy management processes [11; 15]. One common characteristic is the adoption of IoT, with a mass of sensing/acting pervasive, hyperconnected things at any time, any place, with any-other-thing and anyone, increase our knowledge of the university environment and make possible the definition of an intelligent decision making process on top of it. As we describe in [2], a smart city refers to a city that monitors and integrates conditions of its critical infrastructures, e.g., roads, bridges, tunnels, rail/subways, airports, seaports and communications, to better optimize its resources, plan its maintenance activities, and monitor security aspects while the services to its citizens are maximized. In essence, a campus/university can be viewed as a mock-up of a city, with some obvious differences, as described in [16]: smaller size, infrastructure management (generally, public buildings in campuses/universities in contrast with private buildings in cities) and homogeneity and autonomy in campuses/universities that enable to force the adoption of technologies and specific architectures. This approach is used in [9; 16; 17; 18; 19], which identify firstly a set of smart dimensions for the universities and, secondly, for each one to identify intelligent, value-added services and, in some cases metrics and KPIs for different stakeholders. There is no agreement on the smart dimensions and services that are provided by the smart universities, as shown in Table 1, which presents a summary of smart universities modeled under this perspective: in the first column, we show a name to denote the smart dimension and in the second column we provide multiple designations that refer to the same dimension; then, in the third column, we show some common smart services (in gray color) provided by at least two universities in each dimension; and, finally, the fourth column shows other services that are implemented only by one university in one dimension.