# Review of Blockchain Tokens Creation and Valuation
## 5 Blockchain Token's Applicability
There are two areas of interest for tokens in the energy sectors: the ability to trade energy in a community and tracking renewable energy. In [PERSON] et al. [77], the authors propose an architecture based on redeeming tokens for energy while incorporating not only the prosumers and consumers, as in [PERSON] et al. [57] and [PERSON] et al. [58] but also the retailers, entrusted by the energy authority, capable of selling and buying energy and responsible also for connecting the consumers to the network. However, the authors mention the inability to fully trust the retailer, with a solution of creating a dispute with the energy authority. [PERSON] et al. [58] proposed an energy token that solves the trustiness issue, by providing a time-based locking mechanism of the token. [PERSON] et al. [76] propose a local energy flexibility market that incorporates both monitoring energy flows and changes in prosumer behavior by using energy flexibility tokens in trading sessions. [PERSON] et al. [78] a community-based infrastructure was proposed using a permissioned blockchain, Hyperledger Fabric, that incorporates multiple sources of renewable energy in residential contexts as well as storage capability in batteries and uses tokens as a reward mechanism by gamification. The energy tokens can be used for issuing, tracking, trading, and retiring renewable energy certificates through tokenization [79]. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [80] identified additional applicability for blockchain tokens, for recycled wastewater based on the assimilation tokenization of sustainable assets, to address water pollution. The challenges they identified include inadequate and inefficient monitoring of water treatments and a lack of incentives that could be mitigated by using the ERC20 token standard and IoT sensors. Immutability and traceability represent some of the most relevant features of blockchain in the context of tokenization. One area that received attention is the supply chains. [PERSON] et al. [81] proposed a permissioned blockchain along the food supply chain to follow the food from farmer to storage with tokens being allotted to the stores for purchasing. [PERSON] et al. [82] proposed third-party certification for the agri-food supply chain using the Ethereum blockchain and the ERC-1155 token standard. They offer a solution to avoid green washing, meaning the misleading of positive environment practices, e.g., in wine production in areas with strict control of provenance, where the resulting wine quantity far outweighs the grapes production in the area. [PERSON] et al. [83] propose an evidence, verifiability, and enforceability framework for tracing the wood volumes by assigning a token, a WoodToken, to each wood volume. The solution has the potential of improving the audit trail, a common issue in the wood sector while a second token, Recipes can be used for financial settlement. Based on a private permissioned blockchain [PERSON] [84] proposes a solution for a tokenized supply chain to avoid counterfeit products. To further reduce the chances of counterfeited parts, [PERSON] et al. [85] propose logging all components of the final product as tokens, connected in a directed acyclic graph of tokens in chronological order. The circular economy implication in supply chains through reverse logistics is discussed by [PERSON] et al. [86]. Blockchain can provide both regulations oblige-ness by removing dangerous materials, but also identifying high-value low-availability materials, that are in the first place tokenized. Finally, a lucrative area of blockchain token applicability is represented by arts and games. The arts category is further segmented into blockchain tokens that represent a fraction of an actual physical piece of art or a digital piece of art, collectible or usable in a game [44]. While the price of tokens is influenced firstly by the collection it is part of, it was noticed that certain visual characteristics of digital art can increase the token price [87]. [PERSON] et al.