## 3 Theoretical Framework and Hypotheses Development
### Hypotheses Development  
Source credibility was investigated based on its influence on behavior, perception, and usefulness according to [35] referencing others, i.e., [34; 55; 56; 57]. Founded on the previous, the following hypothesis is stated.  
**Hypothesis 1 (H1).**_Source credibility (SC) will positively influence information usefulness (IU)._  
For information language (IL), the language here refers to the mother language of the receiving end whether the communicated information is written or spoken. There are many studies that have investigated such a factor [35; 36; 37; 38; 39]. Based on the previous, the following hypothesis is stated.  
**Hypothesis 2 (H2).**_Information language (IL) will positively influence information usefulness (IU)._  
According to [40] \"information quality refers to users' subjective judgment of whether the information characteristics meet their own needs and intended use\" [40]. \"Information quality is an important variable for the success of an information system model and is defined as the fitness of information characteristics for information users\" [40] based on [58].  
Different studies have measured information quality with different key measures in [59]; the measures were \"accessibility, comprehensibility, credibility, and usefulness\". In addition, [60] included accessible, contextual, expressive and intrinsic\", while [7] identified the key measures of information quality as \"comprehensiveness, correctness, relativities, and timeliness\". Furthermore, [61] explained that \"comprehensiveness and relevance are two key determinants of information quality\". According to [40], information quality is influenced by three factors: intrinsic, contextual, and accessibility information quality. Intrinsic information quality (IIQ) \"refers to the quality dimensions originated from the data in its own independent of the user's perspective and context\". Contextual information quality (CIQ) focuses on the aspect of information quality within the context of the task at hand. Accessibility information quality (AIQ) refers to the quality aspects concerned with accessing distributed information. [40]. Furthermore, according to [34; 35; 40], the quality influences the usefulness. Hence, the following four hypotheses are developed.  
**Hypothesis 3 (H3).**_Intrinsic information quality (IIQ) will positively influence information quality (IQ)._  
**Hypothesis 4 (H4).**_Contextual information quality (CIQ) will positively influence information quality (IQ)._  
**Hypothesis 5 (H5).**_Accessibility information quality (AIQ) will positively influence information quality (IQ)._  
**Hypothesis 6 (H6).**_Information quality (IQ) will positively influence information usefulness (IU)._  
Using the elaboration likelihood model (ELM) in [62], discussed that information usefulness (IU) positively influences information adoption and stated that information usefulness (IU) in this research refers to the degree to which users believe that the information in YouTube can have a positive impact on their study/work. The influence of usefulness and adoption in the study that used the IAM is evident in [16]. Furthermore, other studies concluded the same, ref. [34; 35] showed the relation between usefulness and adoption. Based on the previous, the following hypothesis is postulated.  
**Hypothesis 7 (H7).**_Information usefulness (IU) will positively influence information adoption (IA)._  
\"Academic performance is defined as students' ability to carry out academic tasks, and it measures their achievement across different academic subjects using objective measuressuch as final course grades and grading point average\" [8]. The adoption of ICT influencing academic achievement was researched by [8; 10; 34; 35; 41; 42; 63], and even in medicine as in [9]. Hence, the following hypothesis is suggested.  
**Hypothesis 8 (H8).**_Information adoption (IA) will positively influence academic achievement (AA)._