# Experimental Investigation of the BIPV System under Sanluurfa Meteorological Conditions
## 1 Introduction  
### Background  
Solar energy systems, as renewable energy sources, offer high potential in the pursuit of clean and sustainable energy. Recently, efforts were made to reduce costs and increase the efficiency of PV panel technology, which is known to have no emission release [1].  
Photovoltaic, in its literal sense, refers to the conversion of solar energy into electricity using silicon-based solar cells. Electric energy is produced by PV modules. The modules consist of subunits called solar cells that absorb the radiation emitted by the sun [2]. The primary reason for the increased use of PV systems is the depletion of fossil fuels and the global warming threat facing the world. [3]. PV systems are environmentally friendly because they do not emit any hazardous gases. Buildings account for approximately 39% of CO\({}_{2}\) emissions with the amount of energy they consume [4]. For this reason, thetransition to safe and sustainable energy production systems like PV systems is being encouraged. [5]. The efficiency of a PV panel generally depends on factors such as the type and kind of the panel, cell temperature, material, climate of the region where it is installed, and its orientation. Therefore, to gain insights into the characteristics affecting the power production of a PV system, it is necessary to study or analyze these factors [6].  
Approximately 30% of the global energy production is used by the construction sector. It is aimed at meeting the energy consumption of buildings, which consume such a high amount of energy, with PV systems integrated into the facade of the building [7]. The integration of PV panels into building facades is referred to as building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) systems. Integrated PV panels have some advantages over nonintegrated systems. Placing PV panels in place of building materials, such as windows, walls, and roofs, during the initial construction both saves on materials and results in financial gains while also reducing labor costs [8]. Since PV panels are mounted on unused areas of the building, like walls or roofs, there is no need to prepare new land [9]. In addition, passive heating and lighting of the interior environment with the use of semitransparent panels are among the primary benefits of the BIPV system. Today, the fact that many countries have targets related to net zero energy buildings (NZEBs) is increasing interest in the BIPV. However, when PV systems are integrated into building facades, there is not as much space available as in conventional solar power plants, leading to the need to achieve high efficiency in a small area [10]. Therefore, certain improvements are being made to increase the efficiency of PV panels.  
There are various parameters that affect the design of BIPV applications. Among these parameters are the orientation of the PV panel, radiation intensity, tilt angle of the PV panel, PV panel technology (thin film, crystalline), and the type and permeability of the material used in the panel, such as opacity and transparency [8]. In addition to these, meteorological parameters such as solar radiation intensity, sunshine duration, and wind speed are considered the most important parameters since they affect both the electrical efficiency of the BIPV system and the energy performance of the buildings where BIPV systems are installed [11].