# Model to Program and Blockchain Approaches for Business Processes and Workflows in Finance
## 2 Literature Review  
At a high level, UML and BPMN are designed for participants and other stakeholders of the business processes to gain easy understanding through a visual representation [10] and provide enough detail to enable accurate execution. Business process modeling has many benefits, such as improving efficiency and saving time, as well as ensuring consistency and standardization across the organization. [11] provides an overview of business process modeling (BPMN) tools. Another work [3] shows a comparison of the UML activity diagram and BPMN in business process modeling. The authors in [12] propose an extension of UML activity diagrams to obtain a specification of the business process model and requirements using the UML profile. We choose to extend UML-AD using the UML profile as well. Modeling with UML [13] is effective and easy to use, but needs more formal verification. For the verification of models and more formality, Petri nets describe and analyze the information flow of information and control processes throughout the whole system structure. Petri nets are used to determine if the model is working correctly and to determine as well if the Petri net is correctly modeling the actual system. It is used by many researchers, Ref. [14] presents a guide to modeling, verification, and application of Petri nets for systems engineering. Ref. [15] integrates UML and widely used CASE tools with Petri nets in software engineering. Refs. [16; 17] proposes a mapping from a core set of BPMN to labeled Petri nets. Another work [18], proposes to ensure equivalence between a set of modeling elements in activity diagrams and their corresponding Petri nets. A transformation from SysML AD to Petri nets has been presented that allows behavioral modelers to reduce verification costs by identifying potential design flaws in behavioral models specified as activity diagrams before implementation. Some other work shows the comparison of Petri nets and activity diagrams for workflow modeling [19], which helps us before performing the transformation. In our work, we combined blockchain and activity diagrams. Blockchain is known as the core technology behind cryptocurrencies and bitcoin [20]. The blockchain technology major component is a ledger for transactions with unique characteristics that assist to support maintaining integrity, consistency, data protection and security in systems and business processes [21]. It offers easier traceability, increased security, and greater transparency. Reference [22] gives a comprehensive overview of blockchain technology and highlights challenges, opportunities, and future directions of blockchain technologies. Nowadays, blockchain is used in numerous fields [23] such as cryptocurrency, finance, advertising, medicine, healthcare, and insurance [24; 25]. References [26; 27; 28] show using blockchain technologies in finance. Ref. [5] presents the case study of an Italian insurance company, the goal was to improve the company's day-to-day operations by introducing innovative digital solutions, a platform that connects the company with its customers, and an analysis of cyber insurance policies to be included in the company's portfolio. Ref. [4] designed an efficient distributed enameled blockchain platform as a system service to support transaction execution in insurance processes. There are also opportunities for using blockchain technology in medicine, references [29; 30] explore blockchain research for healthcare, and present a roadmap for the future. Not only that, but many proposals use blockchain technologies to improve scientific processes [31]. We didn't work on the blockchain directly, but we created a UML profile to represent it, and after that, we transformed the whole model. Model transformations [32] or Model to Program (M2P) approach can handle many problems and complete many source models. In our previous paper [33] we presented the theoretical background and an overview of Model to Program in the case of workflow systems.