## 1 Introduction  
The burned area from wildland fires in the United States has increased in recent decades [1], with the frequency and severity of wildland fires continuing to grow under a changing climate [2; 3; 4]. Moreover, the greenhouse gases emitted from fires have positive feedback on global warming, leading to more pronounced and persistent climate-related impacts [5]. Prescribed burning, which is a type of planned burning operation and falls under the broader definition of wildland fires, is introduced to recreate the natural fire regimes for a healthy ecosystem and mitigate the risk of severe wildfires by reducing hazardous fuels. Given that burns are planned and conducted by experts and emissions are typically lower compared to wildfires [6], prescribed burning impacts may be less hazardous. However, the effects of prescribed burning are particularly felt in the southeastern United States, where prescribed burning has been traditionally used for land management in both private and public lands [7; 8]. Emissions from fires are typically estimated using burned area, fuel bed information (e.g., type and amount of fuels), the efficiency of combustion, and emission factors [9]. Meteorological conditions such as moisture can also affect fire emissions [10; 11; 12]. The information used to estimate fire emissions can be obtained from either ground-based fire datasets or remote sensing techniques. Since ground-based fire datasets are not provided in all locations, remote sensing techniques are typically used to provide fire information for global or regional fire emission products. Based on remote sensing technology, several satellite-derived products are employed to estimate emissions from wildland fires. The Blended Polar Geo Biomass Burning Emissions Product (Blended-BBEP) [13], Global Fire Emissions Database (GFED4s) [14], and Fire INventory from NCAR (FINN) [15; 16] use fire radiative power (FRP), which reflects the rate of thermal energy released from fires, to estimate burned area. The fire emissions are then derived from the estimated burned area. Products such as the Blended Global Biomass Burning Emissions Product version 3 (GBBEPx v3) [17] directly estimate the emission from fire radiative energy (FRE), which measures the total amount of energy released during biomass combustion episodes. The FRE is expected to have a linear relationship with fuel consumption [18]. Satellite-derived products provide historical and real-time global fire emission estimates, though cloud cover or resolution of the satellite imagery leads to uncertainty. Prescribed burning, which is typically smaller in size and is designed to burn at a low intensity and/or as an understory burn, is often missed by satellites [7]. Apart from satellite-derived products, burn permit records provide prescribed fire information. Prescribed burning permits report the burned area, location, and timing of the prescribed burning, and this information can be used for emission estimation. Since the burned areas of fires are crucial in emission estimation for permits or some satellite-derived products, comparisons between the burned area from prescribed burning permits and satellite-derived products can inform the degree of uncertainty of both methods. [PERSON] et al. [19] compared the annual total burned area from the National Interagency Fire Center (NIFC), which is a ground-based record, with different satellite products in different regions of the United States. The results indicate that burned areas from different products in the northeastern and northern United States have a high correlation, while the southeastern and southern United States have discrepancies due to the uncertainty in the burned area from small fires. [PERSON] et al. [20] compared monthly burned area from a bottom-up database VISTA with Terra MODIS at the state level, reporting correlation coefficients (R\({}^{2}\)) of 0.57 and 0.52, respectively, for all fire types and prescribed burning, the latter of which is not separated from other fire types in MODIS. [PERSON] et al.