# Energy Blockchain for Public Energy Communities
## 4 Discussion and Conclusions  
The results show how the disclosure of production and consumption data of public buildings can be used for enhancing the transparency and sustainability of their respective institutions by means of a blockchain-based platform. Once identified, the tested sites have been equipped with BSMs able to write their readings on a blockchain-based certified and immutable ledger. In order to provide an idea of the possible outcomes of the proposed  
Figure 10: Emissions analysis for LEC scenario with storage. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**Building** & **Installed Size (kWp)** & **Optimized Size (kWp)** \\ \hline City hall & 6 & 12 \\ Primary school & 4 & 8 \\ Police building & 0 & 2 \\ Sports club & 3 & 4 \\ Library & 2 & 4 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Current and optimized size of PV generation per each building during the whole year. Figure 9: Cost analysis for LEC scenario with storage. approach, the disclosed data has been analyzed in order to identify KPIs regarding the current economic and environmental sustainability of the system and to identify and suggest possible improvements. As a first suggested improvement, it has been found that the creation of an LEC of the considered buildings will decrease the system economic costs by 27% approximately, and emissions by 27.09%. Moreover, the availability of public data allowed for the performance of simple planning scenarios, which proved that it would be possible to reduce the annual energy costs of the LEC by 22.67%, by increasing the installed PV capacity. This, in turn, would also reduce the LEC emissions by 32.72%. Finally, it has been proven that the installation of community energy storage, together with the increase of the capacity, will further decrease the sum of CAPEX and OPEX by 70% on average with respect to the current situation. An interesting feature of the proposed framework comes from the fact that, in principle, the ledger can be made public, and everyone can access the disclosed data, analyze it, and propose infrastructure improvements. Even better, the proposed optimization algorithms can be published on the blockchain, making them available in an open-source fashion. In this way, once validated by the community, they can be used for performing automated evaluations of the data disclosed by the buildings. These evaluations, in turn, can be published on the blockchain and possibly get verified by other peers, which can reproduce the calculations and validate the results. In this way, it is possible to obtain a constant evaluation of the good public performances in terms of performances in sustainability and green economy. This will allow the stakeholders to understand the efforts made by public institutions in improving their sustainability, stimulating at the same time discussion and research efforts around their behavior. In addition, it will highly increase the institutions' transparency and will make it much easy to evaluate the impact of public sustainability incentives. At the current state of the research project, the blockchain has been kept private since too few nodes (the public building smart meters) were providing computational power for securing the chain. For this reason, reading and writing to the existing data are only available for the certified entities. In the next future, when more institutions will participate to the research, and more and more nodes will be added, it will be possible to safely turn the blockchain to the public domain, making it accessible to every willing institution and stakeholder without the need for external permissions. In addition, the authors wants to notice that extending the area of application of this solution, both in terms of number of participating institutions and data types, will for sure meet technical difficulties in terms of scalability and applicability of the solutions.