# Remote Water Quality Monitoring System for Use in Fairway Applications
###### Abstract
This process is time-consuming, costly, and usually conducted at weekly intervals or in response to specific environmental incidents. Field tests, although conducted on-site, also require costly equipment and do not allow for continuous monitoring [18]. In contrast to traditional methods, the proposed system uses sensors installed on a buoy equipped with an IoT module and GSM data transmission technology, enabling continuous real-time monitoring of water parameters. Studies confirm that such systems can track key water quality parameters, such as pH, temperature, conductivity, and dissolved oxygen, allowing for the early detection of pollution events. Data are transmitted directly to the cloud, eliminating the need for manual sampling and enabling real-time data analysis. This solution not only increases the efficiency and accuracy of measurements but also significantly reduces operational costs compared to traditional methods, which require expensive laboratory equipment and personnel [19; 20]. Research has also shown that these systems have the potential for integration with modern technologies, such as artificial intelligence algorithms, further enhancing their efficiency and reliability. The ability to transmit real-time data allows for faster responses to pollution incidents and more effective water resource management [18; 19]. The autonomy of a buoy, meaning its ability to operate independently without external power supply, is crucial for its effective functioning on water. Alternative sources of electrical energy that can be applied are well documented in the literature. Photovoltaic panels can be mounted on the buoy to convert sunlight into electrical energy [14; 21]. This solution is relatively easy to install, but its efficiency depends on sunlight availability, which can be problematic in regions with low solar exposure. Small wind turbines can generate electricity from wind [22; 23]. However, both photovoltaic panels and wind turbines are susceptible to damage in extreme weather conditions and collisions with floating objects and require regular maintenance. Small water turbines [24; 25], mounted underwater to generate electricity from water currents, are also prone to damage. In the article, the authorsproposed a solution based on appropriately selected batteries and developed central unit software with energy optimization. The GSM network coverage in Central Europe provides superior data transmission quality compared to other methods for sensor data collection. This is primarily due to the extensive and reliable GSM infrastructure in the region, which ensures consistent and high-quality connectivity, which allows for seamless data transfer from sensors placed along the river, ensuring real-time monitoring and data accuracy. The use of GSM for data transmission is advantageous because it leverages existing cellular networks, reducing the need for additional infrastructure and maintenance costs. In contrast, alternative methods such as satellite communication or proprietary radio networks often face challenges like higher latency, increased costs, and limited coverage in certain areas. Satellite communication, while offering broad coverage, can be prohibitively expensive and may suffer from signal delays [26, 27]. Proprietary radio networks, on the other hand, require significant investment in infrastructure and may not provide the same level of reliability and coverage as GSM [28]. Therefore, GSM stands out as the most efficient and cost-effective solution for data transmission from sensors placed in both rural and urban areas of a river, ensuring continuous and reliable data flow essential for environmental monitoring and management. This article presents the efficiency and practicality of using remote water quality monitoring systems based on IoT and GSM technology in the context of quickly detecting and responding to deviations in water quality parameters.