# Design of Nanosecond Pulse Laser Diode Array Driver Circuit for LiDAR
## 4 Conclusions  
We designed and fabricated a nanosecond-level pulsed LD array driver circuit tailored to the driving requirements of the pulsed LD array at the transmitting end of solid-state LiDAR. This circuit innovatively builds upon the design of a single pulsed LD driver circuit, incorporating modules such as a boost circuit, linear power supply, high-speed gate driver, GaN field-effect transistors, and a pulse narrowing circuit, ultimately realizing an 8-channel LD array driver circuit. The circuit is controlled by an FPGA and has undergone a series of experimental verifications. It can achieve pulsed laser array driving with a single channel operating frequency exceeding 100 kHz, an output pulse width of less than 5 ns, a peak power greater than 75 W, and a channel switching time not exceeding 1 \(\upmu\)s. Experimental results demonstrate that the circuit exhibits a high repetition rate, a high output power, a  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c} \hline
**Channel Number** & **1** & **2** & **3** & **4** & **5** & **6** & **7** & **8** \\ \hline Gate driver pulse width (ns) & 3.386 & 3.313 & 3.266 & 3.381 & 3.946 & 3.833 & 3.849 & 3.883 \\ Gate driver pulse width jitter standard deviation (ps) & 48 & 46 & 53 & 102 & 79 & 71 & 83 & 79 \\ MOSFET leakage pulse width (ns) & 4.153 & 3.396 & 4.229 & 4.197 & 4.722 & 4.583 & 4.299 & 4.351 \\ MOSFET drain oscillation decay time (ns) & 107.326 & 100.752 & 105.257 & 107.403 & 101.503 & 106.008 & 108.904 & 108.046 \\ MOSFET drain conduction voltage drop (V) & \(-2.516\) & \(-1.160\) & \(-0.950\) & \(-0.350\) & \(-0.950\) & \(-0.150\) & \(-1.350\) & \(-1.390\) \\ MOSFET drain noise voltage (V) & 0.581 & 0.653 & 0.896 & 0.684 & 0.928 & 0.788 & 0.527 & 0.797 \\ MOSFET drain SNR & 35.312 & 29.342 & 21.150 & 26.827 & 20.420 & 23.033 & 36.717 & 24.329 \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 1: Performance test data of pulse laser emission circuit.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c} \hline
**Channel Number** & **1** & **2** & **3** & **4** & **5** & **6** & **7** & **8** \\ \hline Spot diameter (mm) & 8.59 & 8.37 & 7.39 & 7.85 & 7.72 & 7.73 & 7.69 & 7.57 \\ Spot diameter/average diameter & 1.092 & 1.064 & 0.940 & 0.998 & 0.982 & 0.983 & 0.978 & 0.963 \\ Average optical power (mW) & 42.9 & 36.3 & 41.5 & 43.6 & 45.9 & 42.8 & 43.5 & 42.0 \\ Peak optical power (W) & 82.6 & 85.5 & 78.5 & 83.1 & 77.8 & 74.7 & 80.9 & 77.2 \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 2: Pulse LD output light characteristic test data.  
narrow pulse width, and fast switching speeds, making it highly suitable for use in the optical transmitting module of solid-state LiDAR.  
Methodology, C.L.; software, C.L.; validation, C.L.; formal analysis, M.T.; investigation, M.T.; resources, H.D.; data curation, J.S.; writing--original draft preparation, Z.W.; writing--review and editing, M.T.; supervision, J.S.; project administration, M.T.; funding acquisition, J.S. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
This research was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, Grant Nos. 62301230, 62090054 and 61934003; the Major Scientific and Technological Program of Jilin Province, Grant Nos. 20200501007 GX and 20210301014 GX; the Jilin Provincial Development and Reform Commission Project, Grant No. 2020C056 and the Program for JLU Science and Technology Innovative Research Team, Grant No. 2021 TD-39.  
Not applicable.  
The data presented in this study are available on request from the corresponding author due to they are part of an ongoing study.  
We are grateful to the anonymous reviewers for constructive comments that improved the quality of this work.  
The authors declare no conflict of interest.