## 4 Discussion
These projections are in line with global climate models, which predict the rising temperature and its adverse effect on GPP, especially in regions that are ecologically sensitive and dependent on climate-sensitive sectors, including agriculture and forestry. This relationship between increasing temperatures and declining GPPs underlines the need for region-specific studies and strategies to mitigate such impacts. For example, the adoption of climate-resilient agricultural practices, improvement of water management, and promotion of biodiversity may help buffer some of the negative effects of increased temperature on GPP. [PERSON] et al. (2023) [22] provided an overview of a set of intercomparison projects in China and depicted similar findings to those in our study area. Based on the findings of this study, several policy recommendations are proposed to enhance the resilience of the region's agricultural sector. Tailored water resource management strategies, including small-scale decentralized storage and rainwater harvesting, are critical to buffer against increased precipitation variability and potential drought conditions. The introduction of crop diversification programs promoting heat-resistant and drought-tolerant varieties is recommended to combat the challenges posed by rising temperatures. The expansion of agricultural advisory services to provide real-time guidance on soil health, water use, and crop management can enhance farm operations. Infrastructure improvements in irrigation and rural road development can ensure sustainable agriculture and market access [40]. Furthermore, community educational programs focusing on sustainable practices and climate adaptation techniques are essential. Supporting research into adaptive agricultural technologies and practices that can equip this region to effectively handle the upcoming climatic challenges, thereby securing food production and socioeconomic stability. To enhance the understanding of future agricultural losses in the study area, it is critical to explore the specific mechanisms by which climate change impacts agriculture. Increased temperatures, projected under future climate scenarios, are likely to accelerate crop maturation rates, reduce growing periods, and potentially diminish yields. For instance, staple crops like rice and wheat are particularly sensitive to temperature spikes during critical growth stages such as anthesis, which could result in lower productivity [41]. Previous research has demonstrated comparable consequences on various cash crops: elevated temperatures cause physiological stress, which decreases photosynthesis, impairs nutrient absorption, and raises respiration rates, ultimately reducing yields. For example, wheat experiences considerable reductions in yield during grain filling [42], while maize and soybean yields decline by approximately 6% for every degree Celsius increase [43]. Higher temperatures also lead to increased evapotranspiration, exacerbating soil moisture depletion, intensified by unpredictable precipitation patterns that may result in drought or flooding [44]. To address these challenges, it is necessary to implement adaptive measures, such as cultivating resilient crop varieties and advancing water management systems. Fruits and vegetables, highly sensitive to temperature and water stress, are also impacted; for instance, increased temperatures can decrease tomato fruit set and increase the likelihood of blossom-end rot [45], while heat stress can detract from lettuce quality, causing premature bolting and reduced market value. Recognizing the inherent uncertainties and limitations in climate models and agricultural projections is vital. Variability in climate model predictions, regional disparities in impacts, and the intricate interactions between climatic factors and agricultural practices introduce significant uncertainties [46]. Additionally, data limitations and the difficulties in downscaling global models to local contexts further complicate accuracy [47].