# Groundwater and Urban Planning Perspective
## 1 Introduction
(2018) on the situation in the coastal peatlands of Netherlands detailed where careful land use planning was adopted with special attention paid to groundwater. This was due to the long history of subsidence followed by adaptation strategies over a period of more than nine centuries. Focusing the use of satellite remote sensing techniques, another study [PERSON] et al. (2018) proposed the use of the satellite radar interferometry system InSAR to define potential ground fractures linked to aquifer system compaction, in Toluca Valley, Mexico. The ground fractures map was validated through a field campaign. The authors highlighted the great benefit of this map to providing operational support to urban planning. It was suggested that the ground fracture mapping shows a higher reliability when derived from InSAR than solely based on field observations. The long-term urban development plan established in 2011 in Hanoi, Vietnam (Hanoi Master Plan to year 2030 and vision to 2050), with the purpose of a more sustainable development of the city, considers various environmental aspects, such as soil pollution, air quality, and water quality [PERSON] et al. (2018). As groundwater is one of its main water supply resources, the continuous rapid urbanization of Hanoi city since the 1990s has led to the acceleration of groundwater withdrawal and the emergence of land subsidence [PERSON] et al. (2018). Several other studies were carried out using satellite radar interferometry for land subsidence monitoring since 2007 [PERSON] et al. (2018); [PERSON] et al. (2018); [PERSON] et al. (2018), where the authors mention numerous foundation failures of different constructions in the 2000s [PERSON] et al. (2018). The authors highlight the crucial role that a knowledge of surface deformation plays for urban planning to minimize the severe influences of surface subsidence [PERSON] et al. (2018). The continuous monitoring of land subsidence is recognized as a critical instrument for the detection of potential hazards and for the designing of compensation strategies and urban planning activities, as in the case of Beijing (China) [PERSON] et al. (2018); [PERSON] et al. (2018). Furthermore, the lack of accurate data on urban groundwater represents a major problem in many cities and metropolitan areas, and more aspects should be addressed as mentioned below. The first aspect is the reduced number of monitoring wells for a certain urban area. This was mentioned in the scientific literature for Mexico City Hanoi (2018), Hanoicity [14], Lisbon, Portugal [17], Merton area, London [18], and Glasgow, UK [3]. The second aspect arises from the unknown number of users, wells, and corresponding pumping rates, as mentioned in [19] in a study for Gioia Tauro, Italy, in [20] for several Indonesian urban areas including Jakarta, and in [9] for Ho-Chi-Minh City (Vietnam). Management problems [21] and the issue of proprietary data production might additionally lead to a lack of data accuracy, as stated in [22] for several urban areas in the USA. The connection between urban planning/city development and subsurface hydrology is therefore a work in progress, and our study undertakes an initial step to understanding this connection from a multi-perspective approach. Our study brings into discussion the necessity of hydrogeological data to the documentation of city development (buildings and infrastructure) as a complete and coherent picture of the underground environment's behavior with respect to supporting the healthy evolution of cities.