## 1 Introduction
[38] examined PVDF-MF membranes that were constructed with a nonwoven support layer, PTFE-MF membrane consisting of a nonwoven support layer, and three different kinds of MD membranes manufactured of PTFE, which, though they had varying pore diameters, each featured a support layer made of coarsely structured fabric. The findings demonstrated that, under the same conditions of operation, the permeate flux of PTFE membranes was significantly higher than that of PVDF-MF membranes. Additionally, the findings indicated that raising the rate of feeding and intake temperature would result in an even greater increase in permeate flux, but at extremely high flow rates, the rate of improvement of permeate flux would decrease. According to the type of membrane, DCMDs have different permeate fluxes and conductivities. Test films' LEP, breathability, and CA are able to compared. Depending on the operating conditions of the test, such as flow rate, temperature and concentration, the die's assembly form may vary. For example, [PERSON] et al. [17], testing nine commercially available membranes for the production of potable water from brine, found that under all conditions studied, permeate conductivity was always below 8 ms/cm. Nevertheless, the type of saltwater, temperature difference between the two sides, and the ability to  
Figure 1: Schematic diagram of DCMD system structure. perform of the membrane all affect the quality of the membrane's production. For a PTFE membrane with 0.22 mm pores, an intake water temperature of 60 \({}^{\circ}\)C, 20 \({}^{\circ}\)C as the permeate temperature, and a flow rate of 0.6 L/min, the permeate flux of seawater desalination is 23.76 L/m2h. The structure and operating circumstances of the DCMD are the primary determinants of performance. The feed side and permeate side inflows, the heat transfer method, and the material of the membrane module can all significantly affect how productive a DCMD system is. The DCMD system' general efficacy is impacted by the operational parameters chosen. Moreover, considering both the feed and permeate side temperatures is crucial, because increased operating temperatures on the feed side may lead to greater permeate flux when the liquid pressure does not reach the point where it can enter. While higher feed-side temperatures can produce higher permeate flux, at specific operating temperatures, the permeate flux will be determined by factors like flow rate. [PERSON] et al. [39] investigated how nine easily accessible PTFE hydrophobic sheet membranes performed on DCMD under different operating parameters, including feed side temperature, feed side flow rate, permeate side flow rate, and feed side density. The experimental study's findings demonstrated that raising the feed side temperature, feed side flow rate and permeate side mold assembly depth could increase the permeate flux. [PERSON] et al. [32] examined the impact of operating parameters such as feed side temperature, flow rate, and density on permeate flux. After modeling, the problem is solved numerically using mathematical analysis software. The loss of energy via heat conduction and heat exchange was found to have a significant impact. Recently, a more modern technique, response surface methodology, has been used to improve the DCMD process. The mathematical modeling of operational factors impacting DCMD desalination was modeled by [PERSON] et al. [40] by applying RSM. A low-pore-size PP membrane was employed. The outcomes demonstrated the model's remarkable coefficient of determination (R\({}^{2}\) = 0.989). A vapor pressure differential of 3.55 \(\times\) 10\({}^{4}\) Pa was found to be the best working parameter, with a feed flow rate of 73.6 L/h and a permeate flow rate of 17.1 L/h; under these optimal circumstances, the permeate flux was 4.191 L/m2h. [PERSON] et al. [41], [PERSON] et al. [7], and [PERSON] et al. [42] explored the factors affecting the permeate flux of DCMD.