# Teenagers and Automated Vehicles: Are They Ready to Use Them?
## 4 Results and Discussion
### Focus Group Results
#### 4.1.2 What Are the Positive and Negative Aspects in Your Mobility? Next, the participants were requested to provide details about the positive and negative aspects they identified regarding their mobility (Table 1). As all the teenagers mentioned the use of PT (exclusively or combined with other modes of transport), a large number of comments received were about this travel mode. Some teenagers expressed their preference for PT due to the availability of a unified and intuitive application that provides details about itineraries and waiting times. Others highlighted the proximity of their residence/destination point to the PT stations, the free use of PT in their city (e.g., Luxembourg), the frequency, the reliability, and the offer of many different travel options as positive elements. Among the other travel modes mentioned, flexibility and gains in travel time were highly appreciated when using a private car, while the school bus was seen as an opportunity to socialize with other students. Biking and walking were perceived as more environmentally friendly options to reach a destination with health benefits and to avoid traffic. As negative aspects, those using PT pointed out the frequency and reliability problems resulting in delays or even in the incapability to reach the destination point. The non-existence or the limited number of late-night itineraries seem to restrict teenagers' leisure choices, while others required their parents' assistance. Ticketing was presented as another deterrent effect of using PT. Apart from the high cost, the teenagers mentioned struggles in finding ticket sale points close to the stops and that the sale machines inside the vehicles did not give change. Other emphasised negative aspects were safety concerns in relation to the risk of harassment and possible theft fostered in overcrowded PT; overcrowding in PT was also linked to a lack of privacy. Lastly, the participants pointed out being overwhelmed with \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l l} \hline \hline  & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Positive Aspects**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Negative Aspects**} \\ \hline  & & -limited frequency \\  & -convenience & -limited evening/late-night itineraries \\  & -independent travel & -delays due to strikes, accidents, traffic, and \\  & -perform other activities while & cancelled itineraries \\  & commuting & -high ticket cost \\  & -low/reduced ticket cost & -lack of ticket sale points \\ PT & -unified/intuitive app & -no money change in the sale machines \\  & -residence proximity to PT & -interaction with strangers \\  & -free use of PT & -safety concerns \\  & -frequency & -harassment and thefts \\  & -reliability & -applications too complicated/not updated \\  & -PT variety & -many applications/not unified \\  & -overcrowded PT & -lack of privacy \\ \hline  & & -inadequate road infrastructure \\
**Private car** & -reduced travel time & -lack of parking lots \\  & -flexibility & -lack of driving licence \\  & & -lack of independence \\ \hline
**School bus** & -opportunity to socialise & - \\ \hline
**Bike** & -enjoy the physical activity & -inadequate road infrastructure/bike lanes \\  & -enjoy the fresh air & -interaction with other road users \\ \hline  & -traffic avoidance & \\
**Walking** & -cost free & -easily accessible \\  & -environmentally friendly & \\ \hline
**Combined means** & -value of time & -long commuting times \\ of transport & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Positive and negative aspects of teenagers’ mobility. the existence of many applications that in most cases are not updated in real time and are difficult to use; instead, they would prefer one unified application with information about all the available modes of transport. Those using private cars or bicycles highlighted, as negative aspects in both cases, the bad road infrastructure coupled with the lack of parking lots and the risky interaction with other road users.