# A Novel Software Architecture Solution with a Focus on Long-Term IoT Device Security Support
## 2 Related Work  
With the expanding and growing IoT usage, scientific research has focused on improving IoT architecture to improve scalability and mitigate security threats in complex IoT systems. As one of the main drivers of Industrial Revolution 4.0, the goal of IoT is to provide connectivity through the application of a computer network, path, or service. Today, the IoT provides innovative solutions for advanced use in healthcare, food supply and production, mining, firefighting, transportation, and logistics [16]. Network connectivity allows for longer process monitoring with the goal of faster response and detailed information about the operation of the entire monitored system. An example could be a greenhouse system that enables sensor monitoring to manage greenhouse processes [17]. [PERSON] et al. discusses the different types of sensor technology used in the manufacturing industry. This paper provides a broad overview of the existing literature on Industry 4.0 [18]. Non-thermal processing in food Industry 4.0 and sustainability is discussed in [19]. It gives an overview of the application of non-thermal processing with optimisation to enable the concept of smart factories in terms of Industry 4.0 (sensors, IoT, Big Data, AI). The conclusion welcomes interdisciplinary research and contributions in this field. [PERSON] et al. addresses a problem of designing innovative Integrated Vehicle Health Maintenance (IVHM) systems leveraging the potential of the Internet of Vehicles (IoV). The authors present a novel cloud-based architecture that allows ingesting a large amount of data from multiple vehicles for the prognostic analysis of automotive components [9]. [PERSON] et al. presented a review paper on smart parking technologies. The paper provides a comprehensive classification of sensor solutions according to the ease of installation, detection autonomy and economy cost. Network security is considered as an issue since it significantly affects the reliability of the system [20]. [PERSON] et al. proposed an IoT-based personalised air quality measurement and monitoring system using air quality sensors and DIY approach. The measurement data are sent to the cloud via Blynk mobile interface. The paper validates the Industry 4.0 concept of a simple but effective smart device [21]. Similarly, IoT-based indoor air quality monitoring platform is proposed in [22]. The platform is equipped with an LTE modem that enables direct connection to the cloud without local storage and analysis. Amazon Web Service (AWS) was used as a web server to analyse, visualise and present the collected data. An alert system which signals the air quality after web analysis is presented. [PERSON] et al. presented a case study of an IoT device for monitoring harsh environments. The paper proposes a low-cost sensor system based on commercial off-the-shelf components. The proposed system provides a remote sensing capability for a nuclear waste storage facility [23]. A similar research by [PERSON] et al. presents a low-cost solution to enable the motorisation of an entire herd. The paper uses various tags/collars to create a low-cost system with off-the-shelf components [24]. In their paper, [PERSON] et al. proposed a low-cost IoT system for real-time monitoring based on the microservice paradigm, offering modularity, scalability and integration of heterogeneous and legacy systems [25]. As part of the Convergence project research, [PERSON] et al. proposed a low-power sensing platform for health and environmental monitoring with embedded sensors and external sensors. The paper discusses the development and testing process of the wearable monitoring device [26]. [PERSON] et al. presented a paper on the overall monitoring system of human body signal through biomedical sensors, MySignals and LoRa wireless network system. The standard software architecture was used: physical access layer, network layer and service and application layer. The paper presents security issues and solutions for each software architecture layer [27].