# Zeroize: A New Method to Improve the Utilization of 5G Networks When Running VoIP over IPv6
## 1 Introduction  
The technology world is continually changing and developing to advance the current technologies with new services and features that make people's lives easier, faster, and better. As an advancement of 4G, 5G technology opens up the horizon to improve many other services and technologies, owing to its superior bandwidth and download speeds [1]. The number of subscribers of 5G technology is predicted to increase 10 times by 2025 and reach 1.7 billion [2]. Many technologies will be improved by utilizing the features of 5G, such as Voice Over Internet Protocol (VoIP). VoIP is promising technology that brings substantial benefits for subscribers. VoIP allows subscribers to communicate to anyone around the world freely by using smartphones or any other smart devices. This condition is because the VoIP data move in IP packets over the data connection. The number of mobile VoIP users is expected to be more than 3 billion. The Internet transported more than 156 petabytes of VoIP traffic every month in 2015 [3, 4]. Mobile VoIP technology necessitates minimal latency in data transmission. Accordingly, one of the services that will remarkably improve when working with 5G technology is VoIP. VoIP systems are anticipated to wholeheartedly embrace 5G technology. VoIP will benefit from the high speed of 5G to enhance the call quality up to user satisfaction. VoIP will also benefit from the high bandwidth of 5G to tremendously maximize the call capacity [5, 6]. Despite these possible benefits, VoIP is wasting a considerable share of the 5G technology bandwidth with no valuable use. This condition is due to the lengthy header of the VoIP packet compared with its payload [7, 8]. For instance, the G.728 codec produces 10-byte digital voice data (packet payload). In the case of IPv4, the header of the VoIP packet, which consists of 40-byte RTP/UDP/IPv4 (12-byte RTP, 8-byte UDP, and 20-byteIPv4), wastes up to 80% of the bandwidth specified for a VoIP call. The problem even worsens when it comes to IPv6. Specifically, the header of the VoIP packet, which consists of 60-byte RTP/UDP/IPv6 (40-byte IPv6), wasted up to around 85.7% of the bandwidth specified for a VoIP call. This consumption is a huge waste of bandwidth resources. Table 1 shows the apportioned bandwidth of different voice codes [9, 10, 11]. A huge amount of wasted bandwidth is evident with all the codecs. Theoretically, this process also consumes the same percentage of transmission time of the 5G networks. The propagation of the IPv6 protocol has increased year after year. IPv6 has emerged from the \"Innovators\" and \"Early Adoption\" stages of deployment and is now in the \"Early Majority\" phase [12]. According to the authors of [12], the rate of global adoption of IPv6 increased from 2.8% in 2014 to 23.48% as of 2018. The worldwide adoption of IPv6 has been growing intensely at an average of more than 51% each year [13]. The integration of VoIP and IPv6 over 5G networks is inevitable. Therefore, the above problem of wasting the resources of 5G networks should be considered and carefully investigated. VoIP developers have developed many solutions to the lengthy header of VoIP. These solutions include combining the VoIP packet in one header, compacting the packet's header, replacing the VoIP header protocols with new VoIP-specific protocols, and utilizing the header's superfluous fields to carry the voice data of the packet [11, 14, 15]. The main advantage of the last solution of utilizing the superfluous header's fields is that many of the proposed methods under it are compatible with the existing standards and equipment. Thus, they are workable in the current environment without major changes. However, none of these methods have been developed for VoIP when using IPv6, specifically over 5G networks. In this article, a new method is proposed to enhance the bandwidth utilization of 5G networks when running VoIP on IPv6. The proposed method uses the superfluous fields of the IPv6 protocol to carry the digital voice data of the packet.