# Seismic Response of Loess-Mudstone Slope with High Anti-Dip Angle Fault Zone
## 1 Introduction
[28], who indicated that the Khait landslide involved the transformation of an earthquake-triggered rockslide into a very rapid flow by the entrainment of saturated loess into its movement. [PERSON] et al. [29] discussed the types and basic features of loess landslides induced by the Tianshui (1654), Tongwei (1718), and Haiyuan (1920) earthquakes, dividing the landslides in the valley city of the loess area into three types: homogeneous loess landslide, loess interface landslide, and loess-mudstone cutting layer landslide. Through a series of undrained triaxial compression and ring shear tests, [PERSON] et al. [30] suggested that saturated loess was susceptible to liquefaction damage, and air trapped in the loess was not the main causal factor for large-scale landslides during the 1920 Haiyuan earthquake. Through dynamic triaxial analyses and finite element numerical calculations, the probability of liquefaction and dynamic response characteristics of several loess landslides induced by the Minxian earthquake were analysed by [PERSON] et al. [31], who indicated that continuous heavy rain before the earthquake induced an increasing moisture content and shear strength reduction in the surface loess layer of the slope. Coupled with the strong quake, tensile stress and liquefaction occurred in the surface soil layer. The dynamic response rules of loess-mudstone slopes (LMSs) with fault zones of gentle and steep dip angles using shaking table tests were studied by [PERSON] et al. and [PERSON] et al. [6; 32], who revealed that the seismic response and failure mode of LMSs were controlled by bedding fault zones (BFZ), indicating that the fracture distribution on the slope surface is related to the dip angle of the fault zone; the smaller the dip angle, the worse the dynamic stability. To investigate the seismic response of a bedding rock slope, a time-frequency joint analysis method was proposed by [PERSON] et al. [33], which showed that the topographic and geological conditions have great impacts on the dynamic response characteristics of the slope. Novel recurrent neural networks were applied to predict the slope dynamic response by [PERSON] et al. [34], which showed that recurrent neural networks perform well in the analysis of the seismic dynamic response of a slope and provide better predictions than the multi-layer perceptron network. To investigate the effect of both horizontal pulse-like motion and vertical components on the dynamic response of a slope, a shaking table test was performed by [PERSON] et al. [35] which indicated that a vertical component has limited effect on a seismic response when the horizontal component is a pulse-like ground motion, but that it can greatly enhance the seismic response of a slope under ordinary horizontal motion. These studies mainly focused on vibration sliding liquefaction, dynamic stability evaluation, dynamic instability mechanisms, and the dynamic response characteristics of general slopes. Only a small number of studies have considered the influence of BFZ on the dynamic response of slopes. Moreover, few reports exist on the seismic response rules, deformation, and failure mechanism, along with the failure process and the mode of the LMSs with high anti-dip angle fault zones (HADAFZs) during earthquakes. Therefore, based on typical loess-mudstone landslides in the Tianshui area of Gansu Province, China, a general LMS model with an HADAFZ was constructed in this study to explore the rules of seismic response and failure for the model slope during earthquakes using a large-scale shaking table test and numerical simulation.