# The IoT/IoE Integrated Security & Safety System of Pompeii Archeological Park
## 3 Integrated Technology Systems in Cultural Heritage  
Integrated technological systems have already been used for security and safety management [5, 6], even systems based on IoT/IoE [7]. Moreover, other technologies have been used in cultural heritage sites, including the use of IoT, as illustrated in the following. For example, three years of continuous environmental monitoring were conducted at The Cloisters, the medieval branch of the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York. A wireless sensor platform, consisting of over 200 sensors strategically distributed across five galleries, was employed to monitor temperature, airflow, and microclimatic variations. The collected data, analyzed through both physics-based and statistical models, revealed a remarkably stable environment within the galleries. The dense deployment of sensors allowed for the detection of subtle, localized shifts in air quality and highlighted the influence of visitor presence on microclimate dynamics. The high spatial and temporal resolution of the data provides a valuable baseline for understanding the long-term effects of visitor activity and building management practices on the preservation of the art collections [9]. Another similar case is represented by the use of 15 microclimate monitoring stations, developed with open source hardware, within the Mosque-C Cathedral of Cordoba--a UNESCO World Heritage Site recognized for its outstanding universal value. The aim was to analyze the behavior of indoor temperature and humidity in relation to external weather conditions, public visitation hours, and the site's internal layout. Long-term tracking of these variables is crucial for preserving the monument and for optimizing future conservation efforts by reducing associated costs. The monitoring results are presented to highlight the effectiveness and practical benefits of the implemented system [10]. Even distributed smart sensor networks have been deployed at cultural heritage monuments across different areas. The presented system features smart IoT devices, known as Smart Tags, specifically designed to capture environmental measurements in close proximity to the monuments. It also incorporates a middleware layer to facilitate seamless communication between devices and a visualization platform to display the collected data. Particular attention is given to evaluating the NB-IoT connectivity and the power efficiency of the Smart Tags through a series of tests, from which valuable insights are drawn [11]. RFID sensors have been developed and specifically designed to address environmental monitoring challenges. These sensors operate by detecting changes in the properties of an RFID tag that is coupled with a sensitive silver thin film exposed to ambient conditions. The low-cost sensors can be read using a commercial RFID reader, providing information on the environmental corrosivity index and indicating the presence of pollutants. Il particular, they are focused on monitoring hydrogen sulfide (H2S) pollution within a facility dedicated to the conservation and restoration of archeological and historical wooden artifacts. The findings demonstrate the sensors' capability to spatially map corrosivity levels within the building, offering valuable insights for preventive conservation strategies [12]. Given the nature of cultural heritage tours at archeological sites, there is a strong need to deliver a large amount of information both effectively and efficiently. From this point of view, smart guide system specifically designed for outdoor archeological environments tend to be very useful. While IoT technology has seen widespread adoption in archeological sites, its applications have been primarily focused on monitoring and preserving the current state of heritage assets. Consequently, research has been largely limited to conservation efforts. To address this gap, the potential of expanding IoT applications into the field of cultural heritage interpretation has been studied.