## 2 Theoretical Background and Related Work
### Theoretical Foundation for Seamless Technology and Human-Computer Interaction  
The seamless technology integration framework proposed in this study synthesizes multiple theoretical perspectives and empirical findings in human-computer interaction, particularly focusing on elderly users' needs and interaction patterns. This framework is primarily based on three essential theoretical foundations, from which three core design principles are derived. Firstly, it builds upon [PERSON]'s [22] theory of ubiquitous computing. [PERSON] emphasized that the most profound technologies are those that disappear into the fabric of everyday life. This perspective directly inspired the establishment of our \"physical invisibility\" principle, in which technological components must be completely hidden within carrier objects while maintaining their original appearance and tactile qualities. [PERSON]'s [6] ecological psychology theory provides the second theoretical pillar. [PERSON]'s concept of \"affordance\" emphasizes the natural guiding effect of the environment on behavior, which directly leads to our principle of \"usage continuity\": newly added technological functions should not interrupt or alter users' existing habits. For example, a handle provides \"graspability\" and stairs provide \"walkability\". These inherent properties allow elderly users to intuitively understand how to interact with such objects, effectively lowering the learning threshold for those who may not be experienced with technology. Affordance refers to the inherent properties of objects that naturally suggest their possible uses without requiring extensive learning. For elderly users, leveraging these affordances by integrating technology into familiar objects can significantly reduce the learning curve and facilitate intuitive interaction. [PERSON]'s [7] empirical findings in human-computer interaction research further highlight the importance of this principle. Thirdly, [PERSON]'s [25] natural mapping theory provides the final theoretical foundation for the framework. [PERSON] emphasizes that interface design should correspond to users' mental models, particularly supporting our principle of \"emotional fidelity\": technological integration must maintain the original emotional connection between users and objects. To further support this principle, the concept of Memory of Things (MoT) [21] highlights the emotional value that familiar objects carry for elderly users. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [26] argue that certain objects in our daily lives embody personal memories and emotional connections. By embedding technology into such familiar objects, it becomes easier for elderly users to accept and emotionally connect with the technology, thereby enhancing the emotional fidelity of the interaction. This is especially important for elderly users, as it suggests that technological interactions should build upon existing life experiences, rather than requiring the learning of entirely new paradigms. This theoretical foundation is further strengthened by recent research in elderly-specific interface design. [PERSON] et al. [27] demonstrated that the age-related decline in visual, auditory, and physical capabilities significantly impacts elderly users' acceptance of and ability to use traditional computer interfaces. Their findings emphasize the need for specialized design approaches that accommodate these physiological changes. Building on this understanding, [PERSON] et al. [28] and [PERSON] et al. [29] established crucial design principles for elderly users, emphasizing visual interface legibility, operational process simplicity, and feedback mechanism immediacy. These principles align closely with our framework's focus on intuitive design and simplified interaction patterns. Particularly relevant to our approach is the work of [PERSON] and [PERSON] [30], who demonstrated the effectiveness of tangible input devices for elderly users.