## 4 Discussion  
### Reliability Assessment of the Zoning Results  
The dominant factor weights derived from the Random Forest model and the comprehensive zoning results generated via GIS weighted overlay analysis confirm that the disaster-inducing environments for landslides, collapses, and debris flows on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau exhibit clear characteristics of either \"geomorphological-tectonic dominance\" or \"climate-engineering geology synergistic driving\". These patterns display significant regional variation and are shaped by multifactorial coupling mechanisms. A comparison with the existing literature confirms the robustness and scientific validity of the zoning results. The analysis is as follows: Zone I, primarily located in the Yarlung Zangbo River valley and adjacent high mountain areas, features frequent tectonic activity, pronounced topographic relief, and short-term heavy rainfall, creating a typical debris flow-dominated disaster-inducing environment. Prior research has indicated that this zone is mainly governed by tectonic fragmentation, precipitation, and freeze-thaw processes [62; 63; 64], consistent with the findings of this study; Zone II, situated in the Hengduan Mountains and parts of western Sichuan, presents a synergistic hazard-inducing mechanism dominated by geomorphic potential and precipitation erosion. Studies on the southeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau have highlighted that deeply incised anyons, active tectonics, and concentrated precipitation contribute to frequent debris flows and landslides [65; 66; 67; 68], which aligns with this study's identified mechanisms; Zone III, covering the Qilian Mountains, experiences severe lithological fragmentation due to tectonic activity and freeze-thaw cycles. Short-duration rainstorms act as triggering factors. Previous studies by [PERSON] et al. (2021), [PERSON] et al. (2023), and [PERSON] et al. (2022) confirm that disaster occurrences in this zone are primarily attributed to rock degradation from freeze-thaw activity and precipitation-induced instability [69; 70; 71; 72; 73; 74]; Zone IV, located in the Qaidam-Huangshui Basin within the northeastern tectonic belt, exhibits intense weathering and lithological disintegration. This region has been documented as being composed of tectonic basins with heavily weathered and loose soils, where debris flows and collapses are commonly induced by snowmelt and short-term rainfall [75; 76; 77; 78], which validates the coupling mechanisms identified herein; Zones V-VIII lie mainly in the northwestern and central Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, where flat terrain and limited material sources result in a hazard density of less than 0.30 sites per 100 km\({}^{2}\). Although freeze-thaw processes and engineering geological factors contribute to localized rock fragmentation, sparse rainfall and low human presence limit the overall scale and frequency of hazard development [79; 80; 81; 82].  
In conclusion, the zoning results and identified dominant factors in this study are well supported by field observations, regional hazard surveys, and previous environmental mechanism analyses. This confirms the spatial applicability and reliability of the model outputs and suggests that a multi-factor coupling analytical pathway based on \"geotectonic structure-geomorphic potential-precipitation triggering-lithological response\" can effectively characterize the structural patterns and causative mechanisms of hazard-inducing environments on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.