## 5 Conclusions  
The experimental determination of the formability properties of 2024-T3 aluminum alloy sheets was conducted. Marciniak tests were employed on aluminum alloy sheets with varying geometries, while standard tensile tests were performed to evaluate mechanical properties, material anisotropy, and microstructural observations through microscopy, SEM, and EDX analysis. The following conclusions were obtained:  
* The microstructural analysis revealed the stability of microstructural properties; the intermetallic phases, particularly, remained stable during the deformation process. No significant modification of intermetallic phases such as omega (\(\Omega\)) Al\({}_{2}\)CuMg and theta (\(\theta\)) Al\({}_{2}\)Cu was observed, indicating that the deformation did not alter the phase composition.
* The formability evaluation indicated that the experimentally measured limit strains were lower than the theoretically predicted values based on the strain hardening coefficient (n). However, despite the low differences, the forming limit curves were able to capture the dependence of the strain hardening coefficient in the results.
* Despite the slight differences in the anisotropy values, these demonstrate how the limit strain values vary depending on the anisotropy. In particular, the diagonal direction (DD) shows a higher anisotropy value (R = 1.07), which results in higher limit strains compared to the other directions. This indicates a greater deformation capacity in this direction, while the rolling (RD) and tangential (TD) directions present lower anisotropy values and, therefore, lower limit strains. The observed uniformity in plane strain suggests that, under this loading condition, the material exhibits a homogeneous response, regardless of the rolling direction.  
For future research, an in-depth look at the role of crystallographic texture in the mechanical properties, anisotropy and formability of materials will be carried out. Understanding how crystallographic texture affects these aspects is crucial to optimizing material performance in specific applications. It is essential to analyze how different textures influence the strength, ductility and strain hardening of materials, as well as studying the relationship between grain orientation and the distribution of intermetallic phases and their impact on the mechanical response.  
Conceptualization, R.I. and K.F.; methodology, R.I.; software, K.F.; validation, R.I., K.F. and J.L.V.; formal analysis, R.I., M.V. and K.F.; investigation, R.I.; resources, E.T.; data curation, R.I. and S.N.S.; writing--original draft preparation, R.I.; writing--review and editing, J.L.V., M.V. and S.N.S.; visualization, E.T.; supervision, R.I.; project administration, R.I. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
This research received no external funding.  
Not Applicable.  
The data presented in this study will be available in the undergraduate thesis of Mechanical Civil Engineering of [PERSON] entitled \"Anisotropy Effect on the Forming Limit Curves of 2024 T3 Aluminum alloy Sheets using Digital Image Correlation technique and Marciniak Test\", PUCV 2025, Valparaiso, Chile.  
[PERSON] gratefully acknowledges the support provided by the Naval Polytechnic Academy and the Programs, Research and Development Directorate of the Chilean Navy with its line of research in Materials Science and Engineering.  
The authors declare no conflicts of interest.