# A Brief Overview of Energy Efficiency Resources in Emerging Wireless Communication Systems
## 6 Conclusions and Future Work  
The global population growth and increased demand for improved data rate and bandwidth have necessitated a reduction in power consumption and the development of better transmission communication models to meet the escalating demand. This article has provided relevant first-hand information on energy efficiency while covering renewable energy resource deployment, heterogeneous networks, efficient transmission techniques and emerging optical wireless communication technologies. An integrative energy efficiency approach is anticipated to be deployed in wireless communication networks with smart innovations that will encompass the automation and synchronization of all the energy-consuming components of the wireless communication infrastructure. This approach will entail the integration of an energy efficiency framework that will enable low power consumption spanning from the energizing of the base stations to the transmission and reception of extremely low power signals. Diverse energy and spectrally efficient modulation techniques will have to be deployed. At the same time, optical attocell network configuration can be modelled to cover hotspots, thereby producing extremely low optical transmission power. While the future landscape is promising, it is noteworthy that energy-efficient schemes can only be achieved at the expense of optimized hardware and software resources, and fast processing platforms. Currently, artificial intelligence is gaining widespread popularity in the deployment of learning-based models for energy efficiency and spectral gains in wireless communication systems. Future works would focus on leveraging machine learning and artificial intelligence toward achieving cost-efficient energy resources with fast computational processing capabilities for emerging wireless communication systems.  
**Author Contributions:** The manuscript was written through the contributions of all authors. A.E.I. and O.O. were responsible for the conceptualization of the topic; article gathering and sorting were done by A.E.I. and O.O.; manuscript writing and original drafting, and formal analysis were carried out by A.E.I., A.L.I. and O.O.; writing of reviews and editing was done by A.E.I., A.L.I. and O.O.; A.E.I. led the overall research activity. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
**Funding:** This research received no external funding.  
**Institutional Review Board Statement:** Not applicable.  
**Informed Consent Statement:** Not applicable.  
**Data Availability Statement:** No data were used to support the findings of this study.  
**Acknowledgments:** The work of [PERSON] is supported by the Nigerian Petroleum Technology Development Fund (PTDF) under Grant P4567720076521527. The work of [PERSON] is supported in part by the Nigerian Petroleum Technology Development Fund (PTDF) and the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) through the Nigerian-German Postgraduate Program under Grant 57473408.  
**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.  
**Ethics Statement:** This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.