## 3 Method and Materials
### Asphalt Mixture Transportation Monitoring System  
The asphalt mixture monitoring system consists of a vehicle positioning subsystem, temperature acquisition system, vehicle video monitoring subsystem, and intercom subsystem. Based on the BeiDou high-precision positioning technology [16], the BDS positioning module is installed on the asphalt mixture transport vehicle, and the transport vehicle is tracked in real time throughout the whole process. Radio frequency identification technology (RFID) [32] is used to install tags and card readers in the mixture transporter, the mixture mixing station, and the mixture paving site to collect the start time and end time of the transporter. In the transportation cycle, if the difference between the start and end of the paving is small, it means that the thickness of the structural layer is large, and the interval between the time when the mixture is discharged and the time when the mixture starts to be paved is relatively long, which means that the construction site is far from the mixing station. For long distances, asphalt mixture transportation will take a significant  
Figure 4: Subsystem architecture diagram.  
amount of time, and the transportation route should therefore be re-routed. In the process of asphalt concrete transportation, the temperature of the asphalt mixture is monitored by use of appropriate temperature sensors. Based on the 5G communication technology, a network transmission system is built to monitor and feed back the transportation time and other information for asphalt mixture transportation. The onboard video monitoring subsystem and the intercom subsystem assist the vehicle in safely transporting the mixture to the paving site. The architecture of the asphalt mixture transportation monitoring system is shown in Figure 6.  
Asphalt Mix Paving Monitoring System  
The asphalt mixture paving monitoring system consists of a paving process monitoring subsystem, a temperature acquisition subsystem, a paver operation monitoring subsystem, and a vehicle-mounted video monitoring subsystem. At the paving site, the GNSS positioning board is installed on the paver and construction equipment to monitor the paving speed of the paver. The GNSS positioning board supports BeiDou satellites, and the recognition accuracy of the board reaches the centimeter level. Using the carrier phase differential RTK technology, the dynamic real-time monitoring of the paving process is realized, the geographic information of the paving operation process is monitored, and  
Figure 5: Mixing monitoring system.  
Figure 6: Architecture of asphalt mixture transportation monitoring system.  
the monitoring and statistics of the mileage and speed of the payer are also realized. The infrared temperature sensor is installed on the payer, and with the help of this device, the temperature of the paving surface is monitored in real time to draw the temperature change map of the paving surface at each stage of paving, which can be analyzed by professionals and effectively control the temperature segregation of the asphalt concrete pavement. To improve the efficiency of information feedback during the paving stage, the LED screen can be used to dynamically display the construction information to realize the visualization of the construction of the paving operation, and the information is convenient for the relevant personnel to adjust the construction operation. The onboard video monitoring subsystem is responsible for recording the working environment and trajectory of the paving operation vehicle. The subsystem records the construction impact data of the paving operation in real time and transmits it back to the project department in real time through the 5G wireless network. During the entire paving process, a network transmission system is constructed based on the 5G communication technology, and the information on the paving status of the asphalt mixture is fed back in real time.