## 3 Detailed Design of Viscous Plane Damper
### Fabrication of Viscous Plane Damper Prototype  
The prototype of the viscous plane damper was manufactured according to the proposed design specifications. Figure 6 shows Prototype 1 of the viscous plane damper, which exhibited inadequate welding quality and an 8 mm steel plate thickness. Following experimental testing, Prototype 1 failed to withstand the pressure within the box barrel due to the viscous fluid leaking through micro-cracks caused by poor welding. Additionally, high pressure within the box barrel contributed to fluid leakage around the surface of the piston rods. To address these issues, an oil ring was incorporated to prevent the viscous fluid from transferring between the two plates and the rounded surface of the piston rod. The second prototype was subsequently manufactured and addressed the leakage issues observed in the first prototype. The new prototype demonstrated improved performance, successfully resolving the leakage problems encountered with the initial design. The final prototype of the viscous plane damper was produced with no defects or leakage issues. Improvements were made to address the problems encountered in earlier prototypes. These enhancements included increasing the thickness of the box barrel plates, adding stiffeners, and improving the welding quality. The welding quality was enhanced to prevent leakage due to high pressure inside the barrel, and stiffener plates were welded to the external wall of the box barrel to provide additional support. The internal surface of the box barrel was smoothed to reduce friction and facilitate smoother movement of the piston plate within the barrel. Additionally, the piston rod was sanded to remove any scratches. Figure 7 shows the final prototype of the viscous plane damper, reflecting these improvements. Figure 6: Prototype 1 of viscous plane damper. One notable feature of the new viscous plane damper is its ease of transportation and assembly. The design of the damper includes separate components that are straightforward to assemble on-site and fill with oil. The assembly process for the viscous plane damper is outlined as follows:  
Figure 8 illustrates the bottom mounting of the main component of the viscous plane damper. The bottom mounting is installed on top of the base plate and secured using four main anchoring bolts. Similarly, the base plate is positioned on a robust floor and fixed with four anchoring bolts. The next component is the box barrel, as depicted in Figure 9. The internal dimensions of the box barrel are 300 mm (length) \(\times\) 300 mm (width) \(\times\) 150 mm (height). To prevent failure under high pressure, the thickness of the box barrel and the stiffeners was increased to 13 mm. The viscous fluid contained within the box barrel plays a crucial role in dissipating vibration energy. Figure 8: Installation of the bottom mounting on the base plate. Figure 7: Final prototype of viscous plane damper. The top of the box barrel features five holes. Figure 10 illustrates that four piston rods are positioned at the edges of each hole, allowing the rods to move within them. The central hole is designated for filling the viscous fluid. The piston rods connect the piston plate inside the barrel to the head mounting, as shown in Figure 11.  
Figure 10: Piston rod. Figure 9: Box barrel. A piston plate was installed inside the box barrel, as shown in Figure 12. Each piston plate has dimensions of 298 mm (length) \(\times\) 298 mm (width) \(\times\) 20 mm (thickness), with orifice diameters of 10 mm, 5 mm, 2 mm, and 1 mm. The configuration of the piston plate was determined based on the placement of open orifices. Figure 13 illustrates the positions of open orifices on the piston plate, marked with a green \"X\" and closed orifices marked with a red circle. During the experimental testing, various diameters and configurations of these orifices were installed inside the box barrel, and tests were conducted under cyclic loads. Figure 11: Head mounting. Figure 12: Piston plate.