# Precision Agriculture: Assessment of Ergonomic Risks of Assisted Driving System
## 4 Discussion  
It has long been evident that the role of vibration and posture is fundamental in determining comfort levels, especially in work environments. Literature data show that exposure to whole-body vibration and maintaining specific postures can significantly impact an individual's comfort, potentially leading to discomfort and long-term musculoskeletal problems [17]. In particular, it has long been known that occupational exposure to whole-body vibration (WBV) and postural stress while driving a tractor may contribute to an increased risk for low back pain (LBP) and MSDs [18; 19; 20]. These findings underscore the importance of ergonomic interventions and the development of acts aimed at minimizing exposure to harmful vibrations and promoting optimal postural practices. Furthermore, the introduction of new technologies in the field of PA, such as the introduction of new driving systems, has made it necessary to further evaluate the impact of these systems on health. In this study, we evaluated the influence of the position angle of the display (30\({}^{\circ}\), 50\({}^{\circ}\), and 80\({}^{\circ}\)) during semi-automatic driving, which was related to muscle activation. Previous studies have investigated stresses on the spine and shoulders during the use of the semi-automatically guided tract [11]. However, the position of the display inside the cabin had not been considered. In this study, the sEMG electromyographic examination showed a significant increase in muscle activation in SH_LX, SH_RX, BL_LX, \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline  & DL-T0 & DL-T1 & \(p\)-values \\ \hline
30\({}^{\circ}\) & 32.46 \(\pm\) 0.61 \({}^{\circ}\)C & 32.92 \(\pm\) 0.59 \({}^{\circ}\)C & n.s. \\
50\({}^{\circ}\) & 32.46 \(\pm\) 0.61 \({}^{\circ}\)C & 33.06 \(\pm\) 0.56 \({}^{\circ}\)C & n.s. \\
80\({}^{\circ}\) & 32.46 \(\pm\) 0.61 \({}^{\circ}\)C & 33.05 \(\pm\) 0.75 \({}^{\circ}\)C & n.s \\ \hline  & DR-T0 & DR-T1 & \(p\)-values \\ \hline
30\({}^{\circ}\) & 32.43 \(\pm\) 0.59 \({}^{\circ}\)C & 33.01 \(\pm\) 0.69 \({}^{\circ}\)C & n.s. \\
50\({}^{\circ}\) & 32.43 \(\pm\) 0.59 \({}^{\circ}\)C & 33.06 \(\pm\) 0.84 \({}^{\circ}\)C & n.s. \\
80\({}^{\circ}\) & 32.43 \(\pm\) 0.59 \({}^{\circ}\)C & 33.28 \(\pm\) 0.82 \({}^{\circ}\)C & <0.05 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} ns = not significant; DL = dorsal left; and DR = dorsal right.  
\end{table} 
Table 2: IRT data of the dorsal region at 30\({}^{\circ}\), 50\({}^{\circ}\), and 80\({}^{\circ}\) angles of the display. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline Degree & LL-T0 & LL-T1 & \(p\)-values \\ \hline
30\({}^{\circ}\) & 31.93 \(\pm\) 0.47 \({}^{\circ}\)C & 32.39 \(\pm\) 0.68 \({}^{\circ}\)C & n.s. \\
50\({}^{\circ}\) & 31.93 \(\pm\) 0.47 \({}^{\circ}\)C & 32.51 \(\pm\) 0.85 \({}^{\circ}\)C & n.s. \\
80\({}^{\circ}\) & 31.93 \(\pm\) 0.47 \({}^{\circ}\)C & 32.55 \(\pm\) 0.85 \({}^{\circ}\)C & <0.05 \\ \hline Degree & LR-T0 & LR-T1 & \(p\)-values \\ \hline
30\({}^{\circ}\) & 31.95 \(\pm\) 0.51 \({}^{\circ}\)C & 32.41 \(\pm\) 0.49 \({}^{\circ}\)C & n.s. \\
50\({}^{\circ}\) & 31.95 \(\pm\) 0.51 \({}^{\circ}\)C & 32.68 \(\pm\) 0.77 \({}^{\circ}\)C & <0.05 \\
80\({}^{\circ}\) & 31.95 \(\pm\) 0.51 \({}^{\circ}\)C & 33.01 \(\pm\) 0.69 \({}^{\circ}\)C & <0.05 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} ns = not significant; LL = lumbar left; and LR = lumbar right.  
\end{table} 
Table 3: IRT data of the lumbar region at 30\({}^{\circ}\), 50\({}^{\circ}\), and 80\({}^{\circ}\) angles of the display. and BK_RX as the display positioning angle increased (30\({}^{\circ}\) > 50\({}^{\circ}\) > 80\({}^{\circ}\)). The use of sEMG has been used in previous studies in the agricultural field to study muscle activation through a non-invasive procedure [11, 21, 22]. In this case, the increase in the positioning angle of the display caused the rotation of the head, which led to a postural alteration. The postural variation was also ascertained by the increase in Pavg, Pmax, and NC130_400 pressures, leading to an altered distribution of pressures on the seat.