# Comparative Study of Ozonated Olive Oil and Extra Virgin Olive Oil Effects on Oral Hygiene
## 1 Introduction
As the periodontal disease gingivitis is more common in men than in women, because women have better oral care [12]. In the treatment of oral infections, the correct choice of antibacterial products has a double benefit, namely the rapid eradication of the infection, which decreases the degree of tissue destruction; as well as decreasing the use of inappropriate antibiotics to prevent the development of antibiotic resistance. Antibiotics containing the narrowest spectrum should be selected based on the results of culture and susceptibility testing [5; 6]. As far as the oral cavity is concerned, it is an open complex in which there is a balance between the entering microorganisms and the ways of defending the host to eliminate them. Bacteria adhere to hard surfaces or to epithelial surfaces to try not to be eliminated [4; 5]. If their mechanical removal is carried out with the use of various complementary techniques such as antibiotics, it was found that it is not enough [7]. Antibiotic therapy is a powerful adjunct to conventional mechanical debridement for the therapeutic management of the periodontal disease [9]. Mechanical treatment and combined surgical treatment can halt or prevent further periodontal attachment loss in most individuals by reducing the total supra-subgingival bacterial mass [4]. Mechanical periodontal treatment supports the host's defense system in overcoming the infection by killing subgingival pathogens, and systemic antibiotics can significantly enhance the effects of mechanical periodontal therapy in combination with measures that improve oral hygiene [9]. Olive oil is a vegetable oil obtained by pressing ripe olives. Ozonated olive oil acts differently from traditional drug-receptor interactions but acts as a generator of effector molecules such as various small hydrophilic and lipophilic molecules with selective action. Pathogenic bacteria from an electrical point of view create a positive charge and the ozone that carries an electrical charge is attracted to it and therefore tries to eliminate the infection and disinfect [5; 6; 7]. Ozonated olive oil has changed in its chemical composition and new biological properties. Most of the fatty acids in olive oil, most of them, are monounsaturated, predominantly oleic acid (65-85%). With the exception of fatty acids, olive oil is a source of bioactive compounds such as tocopherols or phenolic compounds, with the exception of fatty acids [2]. In the ozonation process, ozone interacts mainly with carbon-carbon double bonds in unsaturated fatty acids giving peroxides, aldehydes and ozonides, which are considered to be responsible for an improvement in the biological activity of the ozonated oil. The amounts and ratio of the compounds depend on several factors such as ozonation time, process temperature and reactor type. According to the literature data, ozonation increases the peroxide value with the amount of ozone introduced to the matrix [11]. The introduction of ozone in dental practice is a new alternative. It was found that thanks to oxygen, has a beneficial role in the treatment of oral diseases [12]. The possibility of stopping and reversing the formation of the bacterial plaque and therefore the consequent inflammation without the use of invasive materials seems today to be something more concrete and feasible compared to the possibilities previously entrusted exclusively to the patient's desire to carry out the treatments provided by the previous operating protocols and to his genetic characteristics [13,14]. The occurrence of pulpal and periapical diseases is the result of microorganisms that remain in the dental tubules being eliminated and which reinfect the root canal. Preventing and stopping microbial development can be achieved by using antimicrobial solutions. One of these solutions is ozonated olive oil [11,14]. The use of ozone in the dental field has become more frequent in recent years due to its high oxidative power that induces a high immune response and blood circulation, as well as a strong antimicrobial activity [15].