# An Efficient 5G Data Plan Approach Based on Partially Distributed Mobility Architecture
## 6 Conclusions  
This paper proposes a flat 5G core network with UP distributed architecture to enhance routing, reduce latency, and signaling between various network entities. A novel partially distributed mobility 5G concept is proposed by eliminating centralized anchor gateway and analyzing popular procedures, including initial attach data delivery. We have added several entities to the simulator based on NS-3 and merged other entities' functionality. We demonstrated that our proposal falls in line with 5G standards and technical reports published by 3 GPP. The performance studies show that the mobile packet core can gain a significant benefit to reach the latency demand of 5G. Experiments are conducted on several scenarios using NS-3 simulation to validate the performance of the proposed architecture. Firstly, we build new network entities representing the mobile core, such as Mobile Control Entity, which combines the MME, S-GW, and P-GW, and consists of several control entities to avoid a single point of failure. A new Mobility Gateway acts as anchor mobility inside the network and routing IP packets to the Internet. Secondly, implement control and data plane into the corresponding interface. The proposed SDN-based DMM architecture obtained better results in terms of total transmission delay, inter and intra handover delay, queuing delay, and total attachment time. The Numerical analysis and simulation results showed that the proposed SDN-based DMM architecture performance-enhanced end-to-end latency over the legacy architecture. At the same time, U.E. executes handover procedures faster and moves across several gateways, and third, the proposed 5G architecture delivers data packets with an optimal routing function. We will develop a fully distributed network with complete decoupling of C.P. and UP based on SDN architecture for future work.  
**Author Contributions:** M.A.S.: Conceptualization, supervision, methodology, formal analysis, resources, data curation, writing-original draft preparation. L.A.: Conceptualization, writing--review and editing. T.-D.H.: Conceptualization, supervision, writing-review and editing. A.Y.S.: Conceptualization, writing--review and editing. M.A.: Conceptualization, writing--review and editing. M.A.: Conceptualization, writing--review and editing. K.S.K.: Conceptualization, writing--review and editing. S.E.-S.: Conceptualization, writing--review and editing. M.A.E.: Conceptualization, writing--review and editing. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
Figure 18: Comparison of 4G and proposed 5G in terms of latency of Inter-Handover with eNB per Gateway.  
**Funding:** This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea Grant through the Korean Government (Ministry of Science and ICT) under Grant NRF-2020R1A2B5B02002478. This study was financially supported via a funding grant by Deanship of Scientific Research, Taif University Researchers Supporting Project number (TURSP-2020/300), Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia.  
**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest.