## 4 Performance Evaluation  
In this section, the simulation results achieved to assess the performance of the proposed schemes against the baseline schemes. The Performance evaluation is divided into two parts, namely, RMF-MVS and RMF-MVS+DSW. The results analyses of the proposed scheme are discussed in Sections 4.1 and 4.2, respectively. The benchmarking schemes, which are the baseline work considered including Multimedia Multi-metric Map-aware Routing Protocol (3 MRP) with Dynamic Self-Weighting (3 MRP + DSW) by [PERSON] [11] and Multipath Solution with Link and Node Disjoint for VANETs video streaming (MSLND) [9].  
The proposed RMF-MVS with DSW is implemented using the prominent network simulator NS-2.34 [PERSON] et al. [26], Simulator of Urban MObility (SUMO) [PERSON] et al. [27] and Evalvid [28]. The NS-2 is a network simulator that enables the simulation of network communication. The SUMO employs the MObility model generator for VANETs (MOVE) [29]. It has the ability of creating a realistic model for mobility of vehicles in urban traffic scenario. The Evalvid has been employed for providing video frame and for video quality evaluation framework. The Manhattan city digital map with latitude: 39.191 to 39.184 and longitude of \(-\)96.574 to \(-\)96.563 is employed for the mobility and traffic environment setup (see Figure 5). The digital map structure and data are acquired from the OpenStreetMap contributors.  
The summary of the simulation parameters are depicted in Table 1, which include the urban simulation area, simulation time, vehicle speed, number of vehicles, the MAC protocol, video resolution, video play duration, the transmission range, frequency bandwidth, propagation model, antenna model, traffic type, channel type, transmission protocol, hello packet timeout and scenarios. Some other MAC protocols such as 802.11b and 802.11a have been tested for vehicular communication. However, they are not efficient for speedy vehicles. The 802.11p has proved its efficiency in VANET and thus has been considered as the most suitable and efficient communication protocol for highly mobile vehicles.  
Figure 5: Simulation Scenario of Manhattan City Map.  
The performance of RMF-MVS with DSW (RMF-MVS + DSW) has been evaluated considering two different cases including density of vehicle and video data rates. The evaluation is conducted in terms of different metrics, namely, Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR), Structural SIMilarity index (SSIM), Packet Loss Ratio (PLR) and End-to-End Delay (E2 ED). Both PSNR and SSIM are well known metrics for evaluating Quality of Experience (QoE) in multimedia data transmission. The PSNR is the representation of ratio for the maximum value of a signal and the power of distortion that affects the video quality [17; 30]. The SSIM index is employed to estimate the apparent similarity between the original video image and the forwarded video images [31; 32]. The PLR is calculated based on the ratio of video packet drop to the actual amount of video packet transmitted from source vehicle to the destination vehicle [11; 33], while the E2 ED is the summation of time taken for video packet to be transmitted from source vehicle to destination vehicle [34; 35].