## 3 Results and Discussion
### Swelling Abilities Study  
The swelling degree describes the possibility of the evaluated material absorbing water and other different solvents. Biomaterials that are dedicated to medical applications, especially in the field of tissue regeneration, should be able to provide an aqueous environment for proliferating cells. Nevertheless, under certain circumstances, the material should not increase its volume too much and create overly wide spaces. Guided bone tissue regeneration relying on the application of bioactive membranes can be included. As shown in Figure 9, after tooth extraction occurs and an empty socket is generated (b), bone resorption occurs (c). Thus, to perform implantation, this hard tissue must be restored for proper implant fixation followed by osseointegration. To make this happen, it is crucial to provide appropriate conditions for bone recovery while simultaneously creating a barrier that would prevent invasion of attachment gingival epithelium cells, preventing cell competition that would be detrimental to bone mineralization since osteogenic cells are known \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt}} \hline \hline
**Supplied Voltage [kV]** & **Emax [V/m]** \\ \hline
25 & 6.73 \(\times\) 10\({}^{7}\) \\
30 & 8.08 \(\times\) 10\({}^{7}\) \\
35 & 9.42 \(\times\) 10\({}^{7}\) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: The maximum value of the electric field intensity for electrospinning machine. Figure 9: EDS analysis of the GBR membrane sample 6: (**a**) pink—carbon; (**b**) blue magnesium; (**c**) yellow oxygen; (**d**) all elements marked (C, Mg, O). for slower proliferation. Application of GBR membrane (d) provides space for osteoblasts proliferation, bone mineralization, ECM deposition and angiogenesis due to mechanical separation from epithelium cells. Moreover, appropriate porosity and antibacterial activity enable the prevention of biofilm formation (Figure 8). The creation of such biomaterial leads to full bone regeneration (Figure 10). Figure 11 presents results from the swelling abilities study. It can be noticed that all samples had a certain ability to absorb various media, including distilled water, simulated body fluid, and phosphate buffer solution. Due to mediocre wettability, the lowest swelling degrees were determined for distilled water and the highest for SBF, which can be assigned to the presence of various ions that may interact with nanoparticles and functional groups of PLA. After 48 h, a clear difference in value changes was observed depending on the medium. PBS showed the largest increase (0.20-0.27), suggesting that this medium had the most noticeable effect on the samples, potentially stimulating their activity or properties over time. SBF also showed an increase but to a lesser extent (0.15-0.23), indicating a more moderate response compared to PBS. In contrast, water exhibited the smallest increase (0.02), suggesting minimal changes in the samples in this medium. These findings imply that PBS and SBF had a more pronounced effect on the samples than water, and these differences may indicate various mechanisms of interaction between the media and samples at different time points. Water molecule migration inside biomaterials can be explained by the presence of periclas nanoparticles as well as three-dimensional, fibrous microarchitecture, which promotes the sorption process. It must be acknowledged that biomaterials incubated in ions containing fluids--SBF and PBS--undergo constant swelling for 48 h, which shows that before application to the patient, they should undergo a conditioning process. Nevertheless, all samples exhibited similar sorption capabilities, which can be assigned to comparable preparation pathways and chemical composition. Such results show that newly developed biomaterials are characterized by high repeatability, which is crucial for future clinical applications.