## 6 Comparison of Basic Statistics
\[W=\sum\
olimits_{i=1}^{n}R_{i}^{(+)} \tag{1}\]  
where \(n\): sample size (nonzero absolute difference); \(R\): assign ranks \(R_{i}^{(+)}\) from 1 to \(n\) (based on the absolute difference score \(|D_{i}|\), between the two paired values (e.g., P-cell values observed before & after opening of the HSR); \(W\): sum of the positive ranks. Table 5 shows the result of Wilcoxon signed ranks test. All the \(p\)-values of the signed rank test are seen to be statistically significant at a 95% confidence level. Overall, all stations show a positive \(W\) value, implying that the mobile population increases, as expected, after the opening of the HSR. Without considering the gender and age classification, the opening of the HSR positively affects the increase in passenger population. Figure 3: Comparison of mobile population volume by access distance (km) from each station before and after the opening of HSR (Note: left-side of \(y\)-axis: after, right-side: before). \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Station** & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**Iksan**} & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**Jeongeup**} & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**Mokopo**} \\ \hline
**Group** & **mean** & **Std.** & **W(T)** & \(p\)**-Value** & **Mean** & **Std.** & **W(T)** & \(p\)**-Value** & **Mean** & **Std.** & **W(T)** & \(p\)**-Value** \\ \hline \multirow{9}{*}{Age} & Male (10 s) & 0.52 & 6.99 & 14,4026 & \textless{}0.0001 & 0.21 & 5.04 & 56,024 & \textless{}0.0001 & 0.83 & 8.91 & 116,083.5 & \textless{}0.0001 \\  & Male (20 s) & 0.47 & 6.75 & 128,913.5 & \textless{}0.0001 & 0.43 & 5.68 & 68,322 & \textless{}0.0001 & 0.90 & 6.37 & 95,911.5 & \textless{}0.0001 \\  & Male (30 s) & \textless{}10.0 & 20.55 & 66,120.5 & \textless{}0.0001 & 0.25 & 10.80 & 46,944 & \textless{}0.0001 & 1.64 & 11.84 & 105,441 & \textless{}0.0001 \\  & Male (40 s) & -0.60 & 29.32 & 126,105.5 & \textless{}0.0001 & 0.55 & 22.60 & 64,043 & \textless{}0.0001 & 2.69 & 17.42 & 142,288 & \textless{}0.0001 \\  & Male (50 s) & 0.35 & 27.59 & 150,861 & \textless{}0.0001 & 0.79 & 29.78 & 89,578.5 & \textless{}0.0001 & 1.70 & 18.46 & 106,674.5 & \textless{}0.0001 \\  & Male (60 s+) & -2.31 & 24.28 & \textless{}42,512 & \textless{}0.0001 & -0.72 & 23.54 & \textless{}95,052.5 & \textless{}0.0001 & -0.82 & 18.14 & 20,536 & \textless{}0.0099 \\ \cline{2-11}  (difference) & Female (10 s) & 0.17 & 11.71 & 149,036 & \textless{}0.0001 & 0.29 & 5.70 & 70,785.5 & \textless{}0.0001 & 1.10 & 1.10 & 84.894 & \textless{}0.0001 \\  & Female (20 s) & -0.04 & 9.28 & 102,034 & \textless{}0.0001 & 0.20 & 5.56 & 46,194.5 & \textless{}0.0001 & 0.74 & 0.74 & 107,051.5 & \textless{}0.0001 \\  & Female (30 s) & -0.99 & 20.87 & 55,393.5 & \textless{}0.0001 & 0.28 & 10.93 & 41,680.5 & \textless{}0.0001 & 1.32 & 1.32 & 111,349.5 & \textless{}0.0001 \\  & Female (40 s) & -0.32 & 22.25 & 124,325 & \textless{}0.0001 & 0.70 & 19.21 & 87,972.5 & \textless{}0.0001 & 2.09 & 2.09 & 137,593.5 & \textless{}0.0001 \\  & Female (50 s) & -0.57 & 22.77 & 109,914.5 & \textless{}0.0001 & 0.94 & 19.50 & 93,954 & \textless{}0.0001 & 2.22 & 2.22 & 134,428 & \textless{}0.0001 \\  & Female (60 s+) & -2.56 & 18.87 & -105,326 & \textless{}0.0001 & -0.71 & 12.37 & \textless{}83,217.5 & \textless{}0.0001 & -1.15 & 14.15 & -44,984 & \textless{}0.0001 \\ \hline Total gender & Male & \textless{}2.58 & 108.40 & 114,328 & \textless{}0.0001 & 1.50 & 92.31 & 55,278.5 & \textless{}0.0001 & 6.94 & 75.85 & 110,134.5 & \textless{}0.0001 \\ \cline{2-11}  (difference) & Female & \textless{}4.31 & 99.40 & 81,155 & \textless{}0.0001 & 1.69 & 71.23 & 48,944.5 & \textless{}0.0001 & 6.31 & 80.40 & 96,197 & \textless{}0.0001 \\ \hline Total & \multirow{2}{*}{All pop} & \multirow{2}{*}{\(-\)6.88} & \multirow{2}{*}{206.29} & \multirow{2}{*}{103,147} & \textless{}0.0001 & 3.19 & 160.04 & 54,131 & \textless{}0.0001 & 13.25 & 155.20 & 105,829.5 & \textless{}0.0001 \\  & & & & & & & & & & & & \\ \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 5: [PERSON]’s signed-rank test(W(T)) of differences between mobile population before and after the HSR on weekdays.