# The Effect of Exposure to an Electromagnetic Field on Entomopathogenic Fungi
## 3 Results
bassiana_ hyphae was 2.5 \(\upmu\)m. In the objects treated with an electromagnetic field, the length of the germinating hyphae ranged from 2.12 (900 MHz) to 0.98 \(\upmu\)m (1800 MHz). In the case of _C. fumosorsea_, stimulation of hyphae development was observed under exposure to both EMF frequencies. However, in the case of _M. anisopliae_, the lower-frequency EMF stimulated hyphal development and the higher frequency caused inhibition (Table 10). Generally, the 900 MHz frequency significantly stimulated the growth of _C. fumosorsea_ and _M. anisopliae_ germ tubes. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Treatment**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Fungi Species**} \\  & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Percent of Germanating Spores \(\pm\) SD**} \\ \cline{2-4}  & _B. bassiana_ & _C. fumosorsea_ & _M. anisopliae_ \\ \hline Control & 98.3 d \(\pm\) 0.48 & 99.3 d \(\pm\) 0.48 & 95.0 d \(\pm\) 1.29 \\ \hline
900 MHz & 85.5 a \(\pm\) 2.75 & 96.8 d \(\pm\) 0.48 & 91.8 bc \(\pm\) 0.85 \\ \hline
1800 MHz & 86.5 a \(\pm\) 2.22 & 88.8 ab \(\pm\) 1.25 & 95.8 d \(\pm\) 0.75 \\ \hline \end{tabular} Values within particular columns and rows marked with the same letter do not differ significantly (\(p\leq\) 0.05). SD—standard deviation.  
\end{table} 
Table 7: The effect of exposure to 900 and 1800 MHz EMFs on the spore germination of the ento-mopopathogenic fungi _B. bassiana_, _C. fumosorsea_, and _M. anisopliae_. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Treatment**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Fungi Species**} \\  & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Inhibition/Stimulation Coefficient [\%] \(\pm\) SD**} \\ \cline{2-4}  & _B. bassiana_ & _C. fumosorsea_ & _M. anisopliae_ \\ \hline
900 MHz & 12.9 a \(\pm\) 2.80 & 2.5 a \(\pm\) 0.48 & 3.4 b \(\pm\) 0.89 \\ \hline
1800 MHz & 11.9 a \(\pm\) 2.26 & 10.6 b \(\pm\) 1.26 & \(-\)0.8 a \(\pm\) 0.79 \\ \hline \end{tabular} Values within particular columns marked with the same letter do not differ significantly (\(p\leq\) 0.05). SD—standard deviation.  
\end{table} 
Table 8: The inhibition/stimulation effect of exposure to 900 and 1800 MHz EMFs on the spore germination of the entomopathogenic fungi _B. bassiana_, _C. fumosorsea_, and _M. anisopliae_. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Treatment**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Fungi Species**} \\  & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Germ Tube Length [\(\upmu\)m] \(\pm\) SD**} \\ \cline{2-4}  & _B. bassiana_ & _C. fumosorsea_ & _M. anisopliae_ \\ \hline Control & 2.47 abc \(\pm\) 0.096 & 3.43 bcd \(\pm\) 0.148 & 2.56 abc \(\pm\) 0.053 \\ \hline
900 MHz & 2.12 ab \(\pm\) 0.073 & 4.16 cd \(\pm\) 0.170 & 4.66 d \(\pm\) 0.257 \\ \hline
1800 MHz & 0.98 a \(\pm\) 0.381 & 4.77 d \(\pm\) 0.342 & 1.82 ab \(\pm\) 0.331 \\ \hline \end{tabular} Values within particular columns and rows marked with the same letter do not differ significantly (\(p\leq\) 0.05). SD—standard deviation.  
\end{table} 
Table 9: The effect of exposure to 900 and 1800 MHz EMFs on the germ tube lengths of the ento-mopopathogenic fungi _B. bassiana_, _C. fumosorsea_, and _M. anisopliae_ spores. The mortality of the _T. molitor_ larvae treated with EPFs after their exposure to 900 and 1800 MHz electromagnetic fields is presented in Table 11. The pathogenicity of _B. bassima_, _C. fumosorsea_, and _M. anisopliae_ did not differ significantly in the untreated control groups. There was no significant difference in the pathogenicity of the fungi _B. bassima_ and _M. anisopliae_ exposed to electromagnetic fields and the untreated control groups. Only in the case of _C. fumosorsea_ was a stimulating effect observed on its pathogenicity against the test insects--when exposed to the 900 MHz electromagnetic field. On average, the pathogenicity of the fungi exposed to 1800 MHz was significantly lower than those exposed to the 900 MHz electromagnetic field.