## 3 Results  
After obtaining informed consent and verifying that potential subjects met the inclusion/exclusion criteria, 30 patients (37 implants) were treated per protocol. Each patient received one or two TM implants in premolar or molar sites (Figure 2). The mean patient age was 45.5 years (range 19 to 73 years), and the majority of patients were female (63.3%). Twenty-nine of the 30 patients were White, one patient was Asian. The most common comorbidity was hypersensitivity reactions/allergies (40%), followed by hypertension/hypotension (30%). Most of the implants (70.3%) were placed in the mandible. Regarding bone density, most implants (62.2%) were placed in type 2 bone, with the remaining placed in type 3 bone. The most common (and smallest) implant diameter that was used was 4.7 mm (64.9%), and the most common length was 10 mm (45.9%). The majority of implants (91.9%) received a provisional restoration on the final abutment at the time of surgery (Table 1). There were no surgical complications across the study cohort. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c} \hline \hline
**Demographic and Surgical Information** & \\ \hline Age, mean (SD), years & 45.5 (15.1) \\ Female, n (\%) & 19 (63.3) \\ \hline Most Common Comorbid Conditions, N (\%) & \\ Hypersensitivity Reactions/Allergies & 12 (40.0) \\ Blood Pressure Disorder (Hypertension or Hypotension) & 9 (30.0) \\ Thyroid Disorders & 5 (16.7) \\ \hline Bone Density Classification * at Surgery, n (\%) & \\ Type 2 & 23 (62.2) \\ Type 3 & 14 (37.8) \\ \hline Final Insertion Torque, n (\%) & \\
30–44 Ncm & 8 (21.6) \\
45–59 Ncm & 25 (67.6) \\ \textgreater{}60 Ncm & 4 (10.8) \\ \hline Provisional Restoration at Surgery, n (\%) & \\ No & 3 (8.1) \\ Yes & 34 (91.9) \\ \hline Implant Site, n (\%) & \\ Posterior Maxilla & 11 (29.7) \\ Posterior Mandible & 26 (70.3) \\ \hline TM Implant Diameter, n (\%) & \\
4.7 mm & 24 (64.9) \\
6.0 mm & 13 (35.1) \\ \hline TM Implant Length, n (\%) & \\
10 mm & 17 (45.9) \\
11.5 mm & 13 (35.1) \\
13 mm & 7 (18.9) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} SD = standard deviation. * Subjectively assessed by the clinician based on radiographic evaluations and tactile sensations during implant placement.  
\end{table} 
Table 1: Patient Demographics and Surgical Information. Radiographic evaluations of mean crestal bone levels over time (from baseline time of implant placement/provisional restoration to the 5-year follow-up evaluation) showed an initial bone loss of 0.40 mm in the first 6 months, after which there were no statistically significant changes in crestal bone level over time (Table 2). The mean crestal bone value levels changed minimally (\(\leq\)0.05 mm) from 6 months to any of the annual follow-up visits. Repeated Measures Analysis of Variance with Tukey Pairwise Comparison confirmed there is no statistical difference among the crestal bone level values of the 6-month and annual follow-up visits (details not shown). There was also no statistically significant difference in crestal bone level changes between those who had received 4.7 diameter versus 6 mm diameter implants (data not shown). Additionally, no implants were observed to have pain, mobility, or peri-implant radiolucency. At the end of the 5-year follow-up period, 25 patients remained for evaluation (Table 3). The Kaplan-Meier cumulative survival rate of all implants in the study was 97.2% at the 3-month, 6-month, 1-year, 2-year, 3-year, 4-year, and 5-year evaluation visits; one implant failed to osseointegrate. The patient with a failed implant was a 46-year-old White male who had received a 6 \(\times\) 10 implant in a mandibular molar site. The implant was placed into type 2 bone without complications. The implant failed to integrate and was removed 30 days after the implant surgery. The patient took no concomitant medications (outside of post-surgical analgesics) and had no recorded comorbidities.