# A Helping Hand to the Elderly: Securing Their Freedom through the HAIE Framework
## 2 Literature Review  
It is somewhat paradoxical that medical advancements have increased individuals' lifespans. There is a need for strategies to ensure that those extra years are spent with a high quality of life [18]. The authors of [19] have proposed a Help to You (H2U)-based IoT system that aims to enhance the quality of life for elders through the use of wearable gadgets, biosensors, and wireless sensor networks-based environments. Considering that elderly individuals tend to spend most of their time at home, deploying sensor-assistive devices can significantly improve their quality of life. Information from systematic literature reviews can be used to create innovative applications that enhance the health and overall well-being of elders in their homes [20]. The findings indicate that ICT, specifically automatic video monitoring, audio analysis, and accelerometers, can be used to assess the autonomy of patients with dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). This could provide diagnostically relevant information to clinicians, enabling real-time assessment while reducing observer bias. Therefore, to effectively monitor older individuals, certain IoT-based applications are deployed, such as Internet of Medical Things (IOMT) devices, feature-based implicit irregularity detection (FIID), wearable sensor(s) (WS) (including heartbeat sensors, body temperature sensors, room temperature sensors, CO and CO2 sensors, and autonomous sensor nodes), mobile robot system(s) (MRS), and video surveillance systems [21]. Planning and revising public health policies in society must consider the aging population. Under the banner \"Aging Well in the Digital World\", initiatives created under the European Active Assisted Living program aim to keep individuals connected, healthy, and active as they age, providing them with a secure yet independent living environment (citation needed). Figure 4 illustrates  
Figure 3: Character network theory. the literature tree based on existing work. The main objective of IoT is the continuous monitoring and management of everyday items over the internet. The robust system discussed in [22], called Not Alone at Home (NOAH), utilizes specialized home sensors to non-intrusively record various aspects of daily living activities. The authors of [23] proposed a block representation of an IoT-based home monitoring system (HMS). This system can be accessed remotely and it is suitable for both general and coronavirus disease (COVID) patients. The general use of monitoring temperature, blood oxygen levels, and heart rate, along with an in-built global positioning system (GPS) system to track COVID patients, is common. Interviews were conducted based on four criteria: perceived comfort, perceived usability, perceived privacy, and perceived benefit. These four criteria were used to identify the set of sensors needed for an integrated smart home system. The sensor set was then subjected to technological tests on nine older individuals who were living independently in a South Korean senior welfare institution, followed by two focus group interviews. According to the findings of this study, older participants evoked negative comments regarding the complexity of usability and discomfort during everyday activities, which is consistent with earlier studies. Despite these replies, the elderly acknowledged the requirement for the integrated smart home system. They displayed a high degree of desire after becoming sufficiently informed about its advantages [24]. The Internet of Things (IoT) has a wide range of uses, including home automation, automated machinery, agriculture, the financial industry, and smart cities. Urban residents are becoming much more prone to lifestyle diseases, and diagnosing and treating illnesses costs a lot of money. The use of IoT in the healthcare industry enables real-time patient monitoring, timely alarms for health examinations when necessary, and periodic information sharing.