## 1 Introduction
Through comparing the results obtained, they were able to assist architects and project managers choose the most beneficial configuration for each type of building in response to specific climate conditions. [PERSON] et al. modeled various solar walls using the finite difference method [26] in TRNSYS software to compare results between the classical Trombe wall and composite Trombe wall. They found that the model introduced was in a good agreement with measurement results; furthermore, they showed that the thermal energy performance of the composite Trombe wall was better than that of the classical wall during cold and/orcloudy weather [23]. Nevertheless, the composite Trombe wall displays some disadvantages with respect to its low thermal energy storage and the problem of increasing the building's dead load when increasing (concrete or brick) storage wall volume [39]. To overcome these drawbacks while simultaneously improving efficiency of the composite Trombe wall, some studies replaced the classical (concrete or brick) storage wall with a high thermal capacity storage wall containing phase change materials (PCMs) [22; 25]. PCMs store and release heat during their reversible cycles: solid-liquid (the most common in this kind of application), liquid-gas, or solid-solid; moreover, PCMs can absorb more energy than conventional materials for the same volume due to phase changes [41; 42; 43]. Thanks to their high latent heat storage, these materials have become the main topic of extensive research and have been widely developed and used in order to improve both thermal inertia and the time delay of released heat [43]. The first inclusion of phase change materials into Trombe walls took place around 1980 [44]. [PERSON] et al. [45] studied the behavior of a Trombe wall containing calcium chloride hexahydrate (H\({}_{12}\)CaCl\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{6}\)) placed on a wooden frame behind a double-glazing. The results showed that for an equivalent effect, the latent heat storage wall can reduce 4 times the thickness of the concrete Trombe wall weighing a total of 6 times more than the PCM Trombe wall. [PERSON] et al. [18] performed the numerical simulation of a collector-storage wall incorporating various storage elements: sodium sulfate decahydrate (Na\({}_{2}\cdot\mathrm{SO}_{4}\cdot 10\,\mathrm{H}_{2}\mathrm{O}\)), medical paraffin, P116-wax, and classical concrete. Numerical results revealed that the Trombe wall containing PCM (Na\({}_{2}\cdot\mathrm{SO}_{4}\cdot 10\,\mathrm{H}_{2}\mathrm{O}\)) performed the thermal heat transfer with high efficiency compared to other storage elements (concrete, paraffin, P116-wax). [PERSON] et al. [46] modeled three thermal storage walls: concrete, hydrated salt (CaCl\({}_{2}\cdot 6\,\mathrm{H}_{2}\mathrm{O}\)), and paraffin-wax (N-eicosane); the imposed thermal boundary condition was based on Iraqi weather. Simulation results demonstrated that an 8-cm thick storage wall made of hydrated salt (CaCl\({}_{2}\cdot 6\,\mathrm{H}_{2}\mathrm{O}\)) could maintain the temperature in the interior zone close to the comfort level (22-25 \({}^{\circ}\)C ), while a 20-cm thick concrete storage wall and a 5-cm thick paraffin storage wall were both affected by the ambient temperature, causing a decrease in the inside temperature (18-22 \({}^{\circ}\)C ). [PERSON] [17] carried out an assessment of the thermal performance of a Trombe wall incorporating PCM. Five climatic environmental conditions were applied to evaluate sensitivity of the Trombe wall system. From the results obtained, PCM integration into a lightweight building component helped minimize the fluctuation of inside temperature for all climatic areas studied. Another research effort implementing DWVG (delta winglet vortex generators) on the outer surface of the storage wall containing PCM (CaCl\({}_{2}\cdot 6\,\mathrm{H}_{2}\mathrm{O}\)) is presented in [21].