# Analysis of the Sugarane Biomass Use to Produce Green Hydrogen: Brazilian Case Study
## 1 Introduction
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt}} \hline \hline
**Related Keywords** & **Description** & **References** \\ \hline Anaerobic digestion & This process is a central area of study as it facilitates the conversion of organic materials into biohydrogen and biogas in the absence of oxygen. The references reflect efforts to enhance its efficiency and applicability. & (16; 17; 18) \\ \hline Dark fermentation & Dark fermentation is widely studied due to its potential for sustainable hydrogen production using organic substrates without the need for light. The listed references focus on improving yields and understanding its biological mechanisms. & (18; 19; 20; 21; 22; 23; 24; 25; 26; 27; 28; 29; 30; 31) \\ \hline Hydrolysis & Research on hydrolysis addresses the challenges of breaking down complex biomass structures like cellulose into fermentable sugars. The studies cited explore advancements in enzymatic and chemical pretreatment methods. & (32; 33; 34; 35; 36; 37; 38) \\ \hline Ethanol & Ethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass is a key area of research due to its potential as a sustainable biofuel. Efforts focus on enhancing fermentation efficiency, improving enzyme activity, and utilizing advanced pretreatment techniques. Integrated biorefineries co-producing ethanol and hydrogen with genetically engineered microorganisms represent a promising approach for maximizing resource utilization. & (39; 40; 41) \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Wheat-straw} & Wheat straw, an abundant agricultural residue, is a versatile lignocellulosic feedstock for bioethanol and biohydrogen production. Pretreatment techniques like enzymatic saccharification, increase treatment, and molten oxalic acid processes enhance its conversion efficiency. These innovations facilitate its integration into biofuel systems and sustainable energy solutions. & (20; 34; 42; 43) \\ \hline Cellulose & As a major component of lignocellulosic biomass, cellulose plays a key role in biohydrogen production. Current studies investigate effective pretreatment methods to improve its conversion efficiency. & (32; 44; 45; 46; 47; 48) \\ \hline Methane & Methane production is often studied alongside hydrogen production, as both are integral components of renewable energy systems. The references examine integrated approaches and their potential applications. & (36; 49; 50; 51) \\ \hline Lignin & Despite its complexity, the lignin has been the focus of research for its potential to contribute to biohydrogen production. The studies highlight innovative methods for its utilization. & (8; 43; 52; 53; 54; 55) \\ \hline Rice straw & As an abundant agricultural residue, rice straw has become a valuable lignocellulosic feedstock for biohydrogen production. The references explore its pretreatment and conversion processes. & (56; 57; 58; 59; 60; 61) \\ \hline Biogas & Biogas production is frequently studied in connection with biohydrogen systems, with a focus on integrating both processes for more efficient energy recovery. & (62; 63) \\ \hline Bioethanol & Recent studies have emphasized the link between bioethanol and biohydrogen production, particularly the use of wastewater and other waste streams as feedstocks for sustainable energy production. & (59; 64) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
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Table 1: Keywords related to biohydrogen production processes. anaerobic digestion of organic wastes, underlining the potential of lignocellulosic materials like sugarcane for such applications [17]. Furthermore, [PERSON] et al. (2021) explored the influence of calcium-containing alkali materials on dark fermentation, noting that such materials can stabilize fermentation processes, which is critical for improving biohydrogen yields from sugarcane biomass [18]. The integration of these pretreatments and the management of fermentation conditions are pivotal in enhancing the fermentability of sugarcane biomass, as emphasized by [PERSON] et al. (2019), who highlighted the application of nanoengineering techniques to improve dark fermentation efficiency [19].