## 2 Related Work  
### BIM Models Interaction  
As a professional field, the interaction between BIM models and users can generally be grouped into three styles: Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs) [5], vision and hand-motion-based operation (Virtual Reality (VR)/Augmented Reality (AR)) [6], voice-based operation [7].  
Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs) remain the standard for interacting with BIM software, providing a familiar but often complex environment. Major BIM platforms like Autodesk Revit [8], Bentley Systems [9], and Dassault Systemes [10] utilize GUIs that rely on icons, menus, and toolbars to facilitate user interaction with models through mouse and keyboard inputs. For example, In contrast to Revit and MicroStation, which prioritize usability through task-specific groupings and customizable tool arrangements, CATIA is tailored for multidisciplinary engineering applications, offering a highly sophisticated GUI aimed at supporting complex parametric and systems-based modeling workflows.  
This makes it more suitable for expert users engaged in large-scale, detailed engineering projects. These systems are primarily developed for the BIM model design stages. While in the BIM model application stages (e.g., buildings construction, operation and maintenance, emergency response and rescue, etc.), the abundance of options in these interfaces can be daunting, particularly for non-professional users, often leading to a steep learning curve [11].  
Integrating Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) revolutionizes BIM interactions. VR allows users to immerse themselves in a virtual environment, facilitating intuitive exploration and interaction with BIM models. This is particularly advantageous in design reviews and stakeholder presentations, where spatial awareness and real-time feedback are essential [12]. Tools like Unity Reflect and Enscape have advanced VR integration, enabling fully immersive BIM experiences. AR, on the other hand, overlays digital information onto the physical world, allowing users to interact with BIM data within the context of the construction site. Applications like Trimble Connect AR [13] and Dalux BIM Viewer [14] enhance on-site visualization, improving decision-making through a more intuitive understanding of spatial relationships and model details. However, currently, VR/AR-based interaction primarily focuses on optimizing the performance of the vision presentation. The detailed model interaction still relies on menu and icon operation.  
Voice-based interaction is emerging as a method to simplify software operations and reduce the need for manual inputs. This approach is instrumental in environments where hands-free operation is beneficial, such as construction sites [15]. Voice commands enable users to interact with BIM models more efficiently, enhancing safety and operational efficiency [16]. [PERSON] et al. developed a string-matching method to generate navigation queries from each voice navigation request using a fire navigation association dictionary based on Levenshtein distance and Burkhard and Keller (BK) trees [17]. However, challenges remain in ensuring these systems can accurately interpret and execute the diverse commands inherent in BIM operations.