## 5 Conclusions and Future Work  
This paper presents a controlling model that effectively addresses the challenge of optimal planning and dispatching protocol of the BESS while considering the voltage rise and drop in distribution networks embedded with high residential rooftop PV systems. The developed model dispatches each BESS for voltage control using a bi-level optimization strategy based on the Neural Network Optimization Algorithm. The findings of a thorough simulation demonstrate the ability of community-level BESS, managed by DSOs, to handle major distribution system issues, such as voltage management and loss reduction, for enhancing system reliability. Simulations were applied on a modified IEEE low voltage test feeder. According to the quantitative analysis, the primary findings are as follows:  
1. The simulation results show that the overvoltage problems appear in the distribution network with high PV integration represented by rooftop PV units.
2. Optimal sizing, placement, and operating through utilizing the proposed voltage mitigation method helped overcome the voltage problems.
3. In terms of the locations of the BESS units, the end of the feeder homes are the ideal sites to install batteries as they encounter the worst voltage scenarios.
4. In addition, results showed that the optimal siting and sizing of the available BESS are highly impacted by network topology, load profiles, and the amount of PV power that flows into the grid.  
Figure 12: Network voltage profile with 17 BESS installed.  
Figure 13: Network voltage profile with 21 BESS installed.  
5. The developed BESS management strategy successfully minimizes the transformer burden; thus, it never exceeds the distribution system's capacity limit. Therefore, the optimal installation of batteries in distribution grids can assist in delaying any scheduled transformer upgrades.
6. Embracing and optimal operation of BESS in the smart grids will permit ideal resource usage and increase the PV hosting capacity in the LV grids.  
Overall, the framework provided in this research work can assist in identifying the optimal number, location, and capacity that characterize BESS in different countries and justify the economic and technical viability of battery installation. The model is built and examined based on data obtained in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. This region is selected as a case study to evaluate the efficacy of the voltage control algorithm. However, the voltage control algorithm presented in this paper can be generalized and is able to control the voltage in any desired range. In addition, the primary objective of battery deployment is to service the voltage in the distribution grid. Further analysis can be explored to enhance system performance while assuring an affordable installation with the use of BESS in distribution networks. An optimization problem with several objectives can be used to model BESS. These goals can be technical, financial, and environmental. In addition, the frequency deviation can be further investigated with the appearance of rooftop PV systems in low voltage distribution grids.  
The researcher would like to thank the Deanship of Scientific Research, Qassim University, for funding the publication of this project.  
The authors declare no conflict of interest.