## 3 Results and Discussion
### IFR Bioadditive Characterization
1.3 Thermal Characterization by Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC)  
Thermal characterization by TGA and DSC of the IFR bioadditive formulations F1 and F2 was also performed for the protein matrix. This was performed to compare the thermal behavior of the bioadditive base concerning the formulations and the effect of Mg(OH)\({}_{2}\) on its composition. * Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA)  
The thermograms show the mass loss curve (Figure 3a) and its derivative (Figure 3b), which identify the thermal peaks associated with the decomposition of the components of each sample as the temperature increases. The maximum points of the derivative correspond to the inflection levels of the mass loss curve, which are marked with segmented red lines. Figure 2: Uncoated and coated wood specimens with the IFR bioadditive after fire resistance test: (**a**) Uncoated wood; (**b**) Wood coated with IFR F1 formulation; (**c**) Wood coated with IFR F2 formulation. The mass loss curve shows a first weight drop between 80 \({}^{\circ}\)C and 119 \({}^{\circ}\)C, due to the evaporation of water in the bioadditive formulations and protein matrix. At temperatures above 100 \({}^{\circ}\)C, the protein starts to decompose [9]. Between 186 \({}^{\circ}\)C and 194 \({}^{\circ}\)C, another mass loss associated with the release of CO and CO\({}_{2}\), typical of organic compounds, is observed [64]. The temperature peak between 260 \({}^{\circ}\)C and 280 \({}^{\circ}\)C in the thermograms could indicate the decomposition of phosphorus (phosphate) and hemicellulose in protein matrix (PM) crude fiber, with greater intensity in formulations F1 and F2 due to the decomposition of these compounds and the initial reaction of lignocellulosic [65]. Peaks between 395 \({}^{\circ}\)C and 437 \({}^{\circ}\)C suggest the decomposition of lignin and cellulose in PM crude fiber, with higher intensity in F1 and F2 due to the same elements and the effect of lignocellulosic in a second stage of decomposition [65]. In addition, magnesium hydroxide could undergo physical changes between 340 \({}^{\circ}\)C and 490 \({}^{\circ}\)C [41; 66]. According to Figure 3a, formulation F2 presented the lowest mass loss (62.2%) and the highest residue (37.8%), followed by F1 with 65.5% mass loss and 34.7% residue, and finally PM with 71.5% mass loss and 28.5% residue. The residues correspond mainly to mineral salts, non-nitrogenous compounds (crude fiber), and primarily magnesium hydroxide, which forms magnesium oxide upon degradation [66]. The results coincide with the concentrations of the components of the formulations, with F2 being the most thermally stable due to its higher Mg(OH)\({}_{2}\) content, presenting the lowest mass loss. Figure 3: Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of formulations F1, F2, and PM: (**a**) Mass loss curve; (**b**) Derivative of mass loss curve. * Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) Analysis  
DSC analysis showed the proteins contained in the PM (Figure 4), presented an exothermic reaction between 27 \({}^{\circ}\)C and 30 \({}^{\circ}\)C, attributed to temperature-induced molecular interactions, and an endothermic peak at approximately 55 \({}^{\circ}\)C, indicating the onset of the denaturation process [67]. On the other hand, formulation F1 reached a maximum Tg of 62 \({}^{\circ}\)C and a final Tg of 87.01 \({}^{\circ}\)C, with a vitreous-amorphous transition enthalpy of \(-\)116.79 mJ. In contrast, formulation F2 exhibited a maximum Tg of 56.82 \({}^{\circ}\)C, a final Tg of 88.15 \({}^{\circ}\)C, and a transition enthalpy of \(-\)224.67 mJ. This suggests that F2 requires more energy to complete the liquid-to-solid state transition, indicating greater thermal stability compared to F1. Table 5 summarizes these key thermal data for both formulations. The vitreous transition temperatures of the F2 formulation are lower than those of F1, indicating that F2 is more reactive and requires less temperature to initiate its exothermic process and interactions between its components.