## 2 Materials and Methods
### Chromosome Model Generator: Construction of Bit-Arrays Representing Each Connection Possibility  
In the proposed method, each connection combination between adaptive panels and fixed panels is represented as a bit array. The chromosomes used by the GA in the optimization process are derived from this bit array. The bit array structure, which represents the binary encoding of connection possibilities between the fixed (\(F\)) and adaptive (\(A\)) sections in the PV array architecture, is detailed in Section 2.4. An example solution space for a dual-adaptive 3-row PV array is illustrated in Figure 5. Elements in the adaptive part (\(A\)) can theoretically pair with elements in the fixed part (\(F\)). This pairing can be represented as shown below:  
\[F_{1} F_{2} F_{3}\] \[[A_{1},A_{2},A_{3},A_{4},A_{5},A_{6}]\ [A_{1},A_{2},A_{3},A_{4},A_{5},A_{6}]\ [A_{1},A_{2},A_{3},A_{4},A_{5},A_{6}]\] \[1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0\]  
Since this study involves a dual-adaptive structure, there are dual-adaptive parts. To simplify operations in practical implementation, the proposed algorithm combines the two vectors representing the adaptive parts into a single vector by concatenation. As a result, all elements of the dual-adaptive parts are matched with the elements of the fixed part. Combining all adaptive part elements into a single vector is a practical method for  
Figure 5: The binary representation of the connection probabilities of the fixed (\(F\)) and adaptive (\(A\)) sections in the dual-adaptive three-row PV array architecture. Here, each row (\(\_\)) and \(A_{m}\) represent a bit in the connection of the adaptive sections to the fixed sections. The underline means “logic-0”, and \(A_{m}\) means “logic-1”. The “0” of the relevant bit indicates the absence of that adaptive section, while \(A_{m}\) indicates its presence. For example, in the row showing the sequence number 229, the fixed section F3 and the adaptive sections \(A_{2}\), \(A_{3}\) and \(A_{5}\) are matched, but the sections \(A_{1}\), \(A_{4}\) and \(A_{6}\) are not matched. ease of computation. For instance, in a structure with \(m=3\) rows, the fixed panel vector is represented as \([F_{1},F_{2},F_{3}]\), and the vector representing the dual-adaptive parts consists of the elements from the dual-adaptive parts, forming a total of \(m\times 2=6\) elements: [(\(A_{1}\), \(A_{2}\), \(A_{3}\))(\(A_{1}\), \(A_{2}\), \(A_{3}\))]\(\rightarrow\)[\(A_{1}\), \(A_{2}\), \(A_{3}\), \(A_{4}\), \(A_{5}\), \(A_{6}\)]. Each \(A\) element represents 1 bit. Each bit indicates whether a specific adaptive part element A is connected to a fixed part element \(F\). A connection between an adaptive part element \(A\) and a fixed part element \(F\) is represented as logic-1, while the absence of a connection is represented as logic-0. For example, a bit group of 101001 under \(F_{1}\) signifies that \(A_{1}\), \(A_{3}\), and \(A_{6}\) are connected to \(F_{1}\), while \(A_{2}\), \(A_{4}\), and \(A_{3}\) are not. Similarly, the connections for \(F_{2}\) and \(F_{3}\) are represented as bit arrays. Each bit array encodes the connections of adaptive panels to a fixed panel element. In this case, the bit array for the connection is 6 \(\times\) 3 = 18 bits: 101001 010000 000110. This bit array represents one of the \({223\choose 3}\)= 249,984 possible connection combinations in a 3-row dual-adaptive structure. Thus, in a 3-row dual-adaptive structure, there are 249,984 connection possibilities, each represented by an 18-bit array. In a 4-row PV array, the bit array length increases to 32-bits due to the presence of four fixed panel elements [\(F_{1}\), \(F_{2}\), \(F_{3}\), \(F_{4}\)] and 4 \(\times\) 2 = 8 adaptive part elements for each, resulting in \(8+8+8+8=32\) bits. Each bit array representing a connection possibility corresponds to a chromosome evaluated by the GA. The GA performs optimization by using these chromosomes, represented as bit arrays, to minimize the CVI value.