# The Biosynthesis and Medicinal Properties of Taraxerol
### Distribution of Taraxerol in the Plant Kingdom
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Family** & **Genus** & **Species** & **Parts Extracted** & \
\begin{tabular}{c} **Taraxerol** \\ **Accumulation** \\ \end{tabular} & **Authors, [Ref.]** \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{Fabaceae} & _Macaranga_ & _M. triloba_ & Leaves & 0.19 mg/g dry weight & [79] \\ \cline{2-5}  & _Alchornane_ & _A. litifolia_ & Leaves & 0.0007\% \({}^{3}\) & [80] \\ \cline{2-5}  & _Prosopsis_ & _P. juliflora_ & Seed oils & N/A & [67] \\ \cline{2-5}  & _Clitoria_ & _C. ternatea_ & Roots & 12.4 mg/g dry weight & [9] \\ \cline{2-5}  & _Erythrophleum_ & _E. fordii_ & Leaves & 3.01 mg/Kg dry weight & [24] \\ \hline Iacacinaceae & _Pyrencanstlua_ & _P. staudili_ & Leaves & N/A & [26] \\ \cline{2-5}  & _Clerodendrum_ & _C. trichotomum_ & Leaves & N/A & [27] \\ \cline{2-5}  & _Vitex_ & _V. trifolia_ & Not specified & N/A & [81] \\ \cline{2-5}  & _Clerodendrum_ & _C. bungei_ & Not specified & N/A & [82] \\ \hline Lecrythidaceae & _Barringtonia_ & _B. tacemosa_ & Bark of the stems & N/A & [83] \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{Malvaceae} & _Pavonia_ & _P. mutiflora_ & Not specified & N/A & [84] \\ \cline{2-5}  & _Abroma_ & _A. augusta_ L. & Leaf & 28.80 mg/Kg dry weight & [28] \\ \cline{2-5}  & _Heritiera_ & _H. littoralis_ & Leaf & N/A & [85] \\ \cline{2-5}  & _Bombax_ & _B. cibu_ (II) & Leaf & N/A & [29] \\ \cline{2-5}  & _Microcos_ & _M. lomettoosa_ & Roots & 10.08 mg/Kg dry weight & [49] \\ \cline{2-5}  & _helmiopsis_ & _H. sphaerocarpa_ & Leaves & 6.56 mg/Kg dry weight & [30] \\ \cline{2-5}  & _Sterculia_ & _S. foetida_ & Leaves & 0.11 mg/g dry weight & [31] \\ \cline{2-5}  & _Pterspernum_ & _P. heterophyllum_ & Roots & 12.88 mg/Kg dry weight & [50] \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{Moraceae} & _Ficus_ & _F. thomingii_ & Roots & 0.04 mg/g dry weight & [51] \\ \cline{2-5}  & _F. atarantiaca_ & Stem & N/A & [57] \\ \cline{2-5}  & _F. frovelata_ & Stem & 2.9 mg/Kg dry weight & [58] \\ \cline{2-5}  & _M. rubra_ & Bark & 141.00 mg/Kg dry weight & [52] \\ \cline{2-5}  & _M. cerifera_ & Root & N/A & [52] \\ \cline{2-5}  & _Emblia_ & _E. schimperi_ & Leaves & 35 mg/Kg dry weight & [32] \\ \hline Myrtaceae & _Eugenia_ & _E. umbelliflora_ & Leaves & N/A & [33] \\ \hline Ranunculaceae & _Narawelia_ & _N. Zeylanica_ & Leaves & N/A & [34] \\ \cline{2-5}  & _Ventilago_ & _V. leiocarpa_ & Stems & N/A & [59] \\ \cline{2-5}  & _Sageretia_ & _S. theezans_ & Not specified & N/A & [86] \\ \cline{2-5}  & _Rhizophora_ & _R. stylosa_ & Leaves & N/A & [35] \\ \cline{2-5}  & _Rhizophora_ & _R. mangle_ & Leaves and stems & 0.77 mg/g dry weight & [36] \\ \cline{2-5}  & _Mitragyna_ & _M. rotundifolia_ & Bark & N/A & [87] \\ \hline Rutaceae & _Vepris_ & _V. punctelta_ & Wood & 2.2 mg \({}^{2}\) & [88] \\ \hline Sapindaceae & _Cupnia_ & _C. cincrea_ & Bark & 0.08 mg/g dry weight & [89] \\ \cline{2-5}  & _M. elengi_ & Seed oils & N/A & [45] \\ \cline{2-5}  & _M. hexundra_ & Bark & 14.14 mg/Kg dry weight & [90] \\ \hline Solanaceae & _Solanum_ & _S. macrocarpon_ &
\begin{tabular}{c} Cuticular waves of the \\ leaves \\ \end{tabular} & 3.5–7.4 mg cm\({}^{-2}\)* & [91] \\ \hline Styracaceae & _Stynnx_ & _S. japonica_ & Stem-bark & 28.08 mg/Kg dry weight & [92] \\ \hline \multirow{2-5}{*}{Vitaceae} & _Vitis_ & _V. vinifera_ & Leaf & N/A & [37] \\ \cline{2-5}  & _Tetrastigma_ & _T. henselganum_ & Not specified & N/A & [93] \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}  
* N/A: The authors did not fully provide the taxarerol accumulation information in their findings. \({}^{2}\) The amount of starting material for extraction was not stated by the author. \({}^{3}\) Taraxerol accumulation data was based on GC-MS analysis without comparison with authentic standard.
* The standard was based on the composition of free triterpene and sterol fractions of _S. macrocarpon_ leaf cticular waves (ng cm\({}^{-2}\)) of leaf surface.  
\end{table} 
Table 1: _Cont._