# Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Properties of Edible Flowers
## 2 Phytochemicals
### Phenolic Compounds
#### 2.1.1 Total Phenolic Content
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Flower** & **TPC** & **Flower** & **TPC** & **Flower** & **TPC** \\ \hline _Ageratum conyzoides_ & 4.6 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & _Flos chrysanthemi_ & 3.8 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & _Oxalis corymposa_ & 2.2 \({}^{\text{a}}\) \\ _Allamanda cathartica_ & 4.2 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & _Geranium sylaticum_ & 12.7 \({}^{\text{d}}\) & _Paeonia officinalis_ & 19.3 \({}^{\text{d}}\) \\ _Allium usinum_ & 1.8 \({}^{\text{d}}\) & _Gerbera jamesonii Bolus_ & 4.9 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & _Pelargonium ltorum_ & 25.7 \({}^{\text{a}}\) \\ _Antitrhinum majus_ L. & 1.0 \({}^{\text{b}}\) & _Gladio liv hybrids_ & 2.3 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & _Phaseolus vulgaris_ & 1.9 \({}^{\text{a}}\) \\ _Antitrhinum majus_ L. & 2.7 \({}^{\text{c}}\) & _Helianthus annuus_ & 1.9 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & _Platycodon grandiflora_ & 4.6 \({}^{\text{a}}\) \\ _Bauhinia purpurea_ & 6.1 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & _Hert_. & 2.1 \({}^{\text{c}}\) & _Plumbago auriculata_ Lam. & 6.3 \({}^{\text{b}}\) \\ _Bellis preemnis_ & 4.0 \({}^{\text{d}}\) & _Hibiscus rosa-sinensis_ & 6.8 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & _Primula veris_ & 10.4 \({}^{\text{d}}\) \\ _Bidens pilosa_ & 8.1 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & _Hibiscus rosa-sinensis_ L. & 4.3 \({}^{\text{b}}\) & _Primula vulgaris_ & 6.0 \({}^{\text{d}}\) \\ _Bombax malabaricum_ & 3.9 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & _Hibiscus rosa-sinensis_ L. & 4.2 \({}^{\text{b}}\) & _Rhapniolepis indica_ & 8.0 \({}^{\text{a}}\) \\ _Borago officinalis_ & 1.6 \({}^{\text{d}}\) & _Impatines valleriana_ & 7.6 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & _Rhododendon simsii_ [PERSON] & 6.8 \({}^{\text{a}}\) \\ _Bovgainville spectabilis_ & 6.9 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & _Iporone curica_ & 1.8 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & _Rhododendon simsii_ [PERSON] & 1.8 \({}^{\text{b}}\) \\ _Brassica campestris_ & 3.3 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & _Iris japonica_ & 0.6 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & _Rhoe discolor_ & 2.6 \({}^{\text{a}}\) \\ _Brassica compestris_ & 4.4 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & _Jasmimum officinal_ L. & 4.6 \({}^{\text{b}}\) & _Robinia pseudoacacia_ & 2.0 \({}^{\text{d}}\) \\ _Brunfelsia acunitunate_ & 4.1 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & _Jasmimum nudiforum_ & 3.1 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & _Rosa canina_ & 14.0 \({}^{\text{d}}\) \\ _Calendula officinalis_ & 1.9 \({}^{\text{d}}\) & _Jatropha integerrina_ & 17.2 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & _Rosa chinensis Jacq._ & 18.6 \({}^{\text{b}}\) \\ _Calliandra haematoccephala_ & 14.4 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & _Lantana camara_ & 3.5 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & _Rosa hbridia_ & 35.8 \({}^{\text{a}}\) \\ _Camella japonica_ & 5.1 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & _Lantana camara_ L. (white) & 1.7 \({}^{\text{b}}\) & _Rosa pendulina_ & 17.7 \({}^{\text{d}}\) \\ _Catharanthus roseus_ [PERSON] & 3.5 \({}^{\text{b}}\) & _Lantana camara_ L. (pink) & 1.4 \({}^{\text{b}}\) & _Ruellia simpex [PERSON]_ & 4.3 \({}^{\text{b}}\) \\ Don & 3.8 \({}^{\text{d}}\) & _Lantana camara_ L. (yellow) & 2.6 \({}^{\text{b}}\) & _Salvia patensis_ & 3.1 \({}^{\text{d}}\) \\ _Cheatomenes sinensis_ & 13.9 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & _Lavandula apustifolia_ & 4.0 \({}^{\text{d}}\) & _Salvia splendens_ & 2.6 \({}^{\text{a}}\) \\ _Chrysanthemi comorarium_ & 3.8 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & _Leucanthemium vulgare_ & 4.5 \({}^{\text{d}}\) & _Sambucus nigra_ & 5.1 \({}^{\text{d}}\) \\ _Chrysanthemi indicum_ L. & 2.1 \({}^{\text{b}}\) & _Ligustrum sinense_ & 6.2 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & _Strelitzia [PERSON]_ & 9.4 \({}^{\text{a}}\) \\ (purple) & _Chrysanthemium indicum_ L. & 1.9 \({}^{\text{b}}\) & _Liliium candidum_ L. & 0.9 \({}^{\text{b}}\) & _Tagetes erecta_ L. & 7.6 \({}^{\text{b}}\) \\ (dark-red) & 6.2 \({}^{\text{d}}\) & _Lilium brownie_ & 1.3 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & _Tagetes patula_ & 4.7 \({}^{\text{d}}\) \\ _Cyclamen headerifolium_ & 5.5 \({}^{\text{b}}\) & _Limonium simuatum_ & 34.2 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & _Taraxacum officinal_ & 1.6 \({}^{\text{d}}\) \\ _Aiton_ (fuchsia) & & _Lorpelatum chindense_ & 11.5 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & _Tecomaria capensis_ (Thunb.)