## 3 Materials and Methods
### 5G Implementation Requirements  
5G is an emerging technology in the telecommunications area. Enabling high-speed connections, offering lower latencies, and ensuring highly scalable connectivity between multiple devices [34], every industry worldwide eagerly waits for mainstream implementation. 5G allows for several technologies related to massive machine-to-machine communications, or IoT, to improve and offer high-speed connectivity between devices, primarily allowing automation in the manufacturing and construction industries. However, IoT has seen massive consumer implementation in homes, malls, and parks, which means this technology has several use cases for ordinary daily consumers. On the technical side of 5G, it works on a higher spectrum range when compared to traditional wireless technologies. Ranging from 24 to 100 GHz, it provides low-latency communication and high throughput rates but suffers from adverse conditions caused by its high-frequency nature [35]. 5G also operates on two frequency bands: Sub 6 GHz and mmWave (millimeter wave). While mmWave offers faster data transfer rates, it has limited coverage and is easily obstructed. On the other hand, the Sub 6 GHz band, which includes frequencies below 6 GHz, offers wider coverage and can penetrate obstacles such as buildings and walls [36]. This means that 5G can actually work in the Sub 6 GHz band, providing a more reliable and accessible network for users. This is particularly important for rural and suburban areas where building penetration is critical, and for indoor usage where higher frequency bands may not be able to reach. Therefore, despite the hype around mmWave, the Sub 6 GHz band remains a vital part of the 5G network, providing a strong foundation for the future of wireless technology. To counteract the limitations, 5G has been complemented with new technologies. The most common ones are beamforming, massive MIMO, small cell, mmWave, and network slicing, and new proposals arise everyday to try and get the most out of this generation. Figure 4: Materials and Methods for 5G and IoT services. Even though 5G is far from being implemented worldwide, several service providers have been publicly working and sharing their advances related to this technology. Some famous names from the IT world are Ericsson, Verizon, Nokia, AT&T, T-Mobile, Samsung, and Qualcomm. However, undoubtedly, most big telecommunications companies are working on projects related to the new generation of wireless technologies. Research groups have been focused on the 5G mobile network ecosystem, with institutions such as METIS (Mobile and wireless communications Enablers for Twenty-twenty (2020) Information Society), 5G PPP (5G Infrastructure Public Private Partnership), and NYU New York University Wireless, conducting impactful research related to MIMO transmissions, millimeter waves, and frameworks in the 5G ecosystem [37]. 5G networks offer several features that are essential for the Internet of Things (IoT) services, as Figure 5 shows. 5G provides increased bandwidth and lower latency, allowing IoT devices to transmit data quickly and efficiently for real-time communication and response. 5G enables massive machine-type communication (mMTC), which allows a large number of IoT devices to connect to the network simultaneously. Ultra-reliable and low-latency communication (URLLC) is also provided, ensuring quick and reliable data transmission suitable for mission-critical IoT services. Network slicing is another feature of 5G networks, which creates dedicated virtual networks for IoT devices to provide better network performance and security. Before the implementation of 5G networks, organizations such as IEEE needed to cope with challenges about the implementation of 5G. One of these challenges is about the data rate key dimensions, since the demand of technology services are increasing in the past years. 5G should be a solution in order to satisfy all this demand and provide a great Quality of Service (QoS) [38].