# An Overview of Intelligent Transportation Systems in Europe
## 6 Conclusions and Discussions  
In Europe, the deployment and development of Intelligent Transport Systems (ITSs) are continuous processes of adaptation to the emerging challenges of urban and regional mobility. Europe has demonstrated a remarkable capacity for innovation and adaptation since the adoption of Directive 2010/40/EU, which created a coherent framework for the integration of ITSs by all Member States. This has continued with the deployment of emerging technologies such as autonomous vehicles, the Internet of Things (IoT) and artificial intelligence (AI).  
These changes have been driven by the desire to improve the safety, efficiency and sustainability of transport. Projects such as Euralille 3000 and initiatives in cities such as Berlin, Kaunas, Riga, Tartu and Cluj-Napoca demonstrate how ITSs can change urban infrastructure, reducing emissions, optimizing road traffic flows and improving the quality of life in cities. The benefits of ITSs are multiple, and these benefits cover key areas:  
* A positive impact on the environment by reducing CO2 emissions and air pollution;
* Improving road safety with technologies such as eCall and C-ITSs, which reduce the frequency and severity of road traffic crashes;  
Figure 9: Future trends in ITSs.  
* Economic efficiency, with ITSs contributing to reducing travel times and optimizing fuel consumption;
* Improving public health by reducing exposure to traffic-related pollution and promoting active mobility.  
In Europe, despite these advantages, there are a number of challenges. The adoption of ITSs is not uniform due to technical interoperability issues, insufficient data sharing and regulatory issues. In addition, to assess the impact of ITSs on society and the environment, stronger assessment frameworks and standardized indicators are needed.  
The integration of emerging technologies such as 5G, blockchain and vehicle automation will have a significant impact on the future of ITSs in Europe. Encouraging innovation and accelerating ITS deployment will be possible through EU policies and funding initiatives such as Horizon 2020 and INNOSUP. In addition, the strategic directions of ITSs in the coming decades will be driven by an increased focus on sustainable mobility and green solutions.  
The future development of ITSs may face significant political and financial obstacles, in addition to the technical and legal challenges mentioned above. Smart mobility strategies may delay large-scale deployment, especially in resource-constrained Member States, if there is no sustained political will or prioritization. Furthermore, to ensure equity and continuity in ITS deployment, access to stable funding and long-term political support is necessary. To overcome these systemic constraints and accelerate ITS deployment in all regions, it will be necessary to strengthen EU-level instruments, such as Horizon Europe, as well as to promote effective public-private partnerships.  
Ultimately, the future of urban and regional transport depends on Intelligent Transport Systems. Europe has the chance to become a world leader in this field if it supports technological progress, sustainability and social inclusion in transport.  
Conceptualization, methodology and writing of original draft (N.C.); language proofing and final review of manuscript (I.D.); conceptualization, funding acquisition and review of final manuscript (D.M.); methodology review and data proofing (A.T.); conceptualization and review of final manuscript (I.B.). All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
This paper is supported by the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement no. 101121530, project ZERO-MOVE Zero Emission Mobility (HORIZON-RIA-SGA-NZC).  
No new data were created or analyzed in this study. Data sharing is not applicable to this article.  
The authors declare no conflicts of interest.