## 3 Results of Systematic Literature Review
### Methodology
#### 3.1.3 Selection Procedure and Data Extraction
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c c c c} \hline
**Author/Publication Year** & **Objective** & **Type** & **Target Level** & **Primary ML Method** & **Primary Evaluation Metric (s)** & **Validation Technique** \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. & & & & kNN, RF, DT, Logistic Regression, & F1 Score, Precision, & \\
2319 [8] & At-risk prediction & C & HE & Linear and Gaussian SVM & Recall & - \\ [PERSON] et al., & 2019 [4] & In-term & C & HE & ANN, SVM & Precision, Recall & cross-validation \\ [PERSON] et al., & 2019 [50] & End-of-term & C & HS & J48 DT & (for comparisons) & 5-fold \\ [PERSON] et al., & End-of-term, & & & & Recall, Precision, & \\  & early prediction & C & HE & DNN & Accuracy & Held-out \\ [PERSON] et al., & & & & & & 10-fold \\
2020 [51] & End-of-term & R + C & F+HS & GA-based DT & Accuracy, RMSE & cross-validation \\ [PERSON] et al., & 2020 [52] & End-of-term & C & HS & Linear SVM & Accuracy, ROC AUC & cross-validation \\ [PERSON] et al., & 2016 [54] & In-class assessment prediction & R & HE & Course-specific regression & RMSE, MAE & - \\ [PERSON] et al. & 2020 [50] & End-of-term & R & HE & ELM & RMSE, RMSE & Held-out \\ [PERSON] and [PERSON], & Predict student performance & & & Ensemble Model & Precision, Recall, & 10-fold \\
2020 [50] & in academic competition & C & HE & (SVM,RF/AAdBoost) & F1 Score, ROC AUC & cross-validation \\ [PERSON] et al., & 2019 [27] & End-of-term & C & HS & ANN + DT & Accuracy & Held-out \\  & & & & Integrated Optimized Ensemble & & & \\ [PERSON] and [PERSON], 2027 [42] & End-of-term & C & HS & Density Pooks + SVM & Accuracy & cross-validation \\ [PERSON] et al., & In-term, end-of-term, & & & & & \\
2319 [45] & at-risk & R & HE & DT, KNN and RF & MSE & - \\ [PERSON] et al., & 2019 [46] & At-risk-prediction & C & HE & Linear and Gaussian SVM & Recall & - \\
2019 [47] & At-risk-prediction & C & HE & ANN, SVM & Accuracy, F1 Score, Precision, & 5-fold \\ [PERSON] et al., & 2019 [50] & In-term & C & HE & ANN, SVM & Precision, Recall & cross-validation \\ [PERSON] et al., & 2019 [50] & End-of-term & C & HS & J48 DT & (for comparisons) & cross-validation \\ [PERSON] et al., & End-of-term, & & & & Recall, Precision, & \\
2020 [51] & Early prediction & C & HE & DNN & Accuracy & Held-out \\ [PERSON] et al., & 2020 [52] & End-of-term & R + C & F+HS & GA-based DT & Accuracy, RMSE & 10-fold \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Cost. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c c c c} \hline
**Author/Publication Year** & **Objective** & **Type** & **Target Level** & **Primary ML Method** & **Primary Evaluation Metric (s)** & **Validation Technique** \\ \hline [PERSON] et al., & & & & & & & S-fold \\
2020 [51] & End-of-term & C & HS & Linear SVM & Accuracy, ROC AUC & cross-validation \\
2016 [54] & Next-term grade prediction, & RE, FM, PLMR, & & & & \\
2016 [5] & In-class assessment prediction & R & HE & Course-specific regression & RMSE, MAE & - \\
2020 [5] & End-of-term & R & HE & ELM & MAX, SMF, & \\ [PERSON] et al., & & & & & & \\
2020 [6] & End-of-term & C & HS & & & \\
2020 [57] & In-term, end-of-term & C & HE & & & \\
2020 [58] & In-term, end-of-term & C & HE & & & \\
2027 [59] & At risk of dropping out & C & HE & Ensemble Hybrid model & FI Score, Error & cross-validation \\
2017 [59] & End-of-term & R & HE & Hybrid Model & RMSE & cross-validation \\
2020 [60] & Students at risk & C & HE & & & 10-fold \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: _Cont._