## 3 Results and Discussion
The intrinsic magnetic properties of the Ce\({}_{2}\)(Fe\({}_{14-x}\)T\({}_{x}\))\({}_{14}\)B solid solutions reported here, where T = Al, Ni, or Si, are limited to the homogeneity ranges, which were determined by diffusion couple and other key alloys techniques described in [32]. Table 1 shows the magnetic properties of these solid solutions in relation to the undoped Ce\({}_{2}\)Fe\({}_{14}\)B. The estimated maximum errors in \(M_{S}\), \(H_{A}\), and \(T_{C}\) measurements are \(\pm\)1.4 emu/g, \(\pm\)2.0 kOe, and \(\pm\)0.9 \({}^{\circ}\)C, respectively. Figure 3 shows the composition dependence of M\({}_{S}\) for the Ce\({}_{2}\)(Fe\({}_{14-x}\)T\({}_{x}\))B solid solutions, (T = Al, Ni, or Si). As expected, \(M_{S}\) decreases in all cases as the elements replacing the iron are either non-magnetic (Al and Si) or weakly magnetic (Ni). This behaviour is in agreement with that reported for RE\({}_{2}\)Fe\({}_{14}\)B (RE = rare earth) [27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47]. The higher apparent \(M_{S}\) value at 3.85 atom % (\(x\) = 0.64) of Al substituting for Fe in Ce\({}_{2}\)Fe\({}_{14}\)B is due to an \(\alpha\)-Fe impurity. This data point was retained as this impurity does not affect the determination of either \(T_{C}\) or \(H_{A}\). Saturation magnetization shows a \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Key Alloy** & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Dopant Concentration in Ce\({}_{2}\)(Fe\({}_{14-x}\)T\({}_{x}\))B**} & **Relative Amount of** & \(M_{S}\) **(emu/g)** & \(H_{A}\) **(kOe)** & \(T_{C}\) (\({}^{\circ}\)C) \\ \cline{2-7}
**Number** & **(Atom \%)** & **\(x\)** & **Ce\({}_{2}\)(Fe\({}_{14-x}\)T\({}_{x}\))B (vol \%)** & **at 25 \({}^{\circ}\)C** & **at 25 \({}^{\circ}\)C** & **at 25 \({}^{\circ}\)C** & \\ \hline \hline \multicolumn{7}{c}{Ce–Fe–B system} \\ \hline
0 & 0 & 0 & 81.1 & 130 & 28.1 & 151 \\ \hline \hline \multicolumn{7}{c}{Ce–Fe–Al–B system} \\ \hline
1 & 1.91 & 0.32 & 82.1 & 117.1 & 27.2 & 146 \\
2 & 3.85 & 0.64 & 74.6 & 123.6 & 22.1 & 139 \\
3 & 6.09 & 1.02 & 95.0 & 86.0 & 16.1 & 117 \\
4 & 9.33 & 1.56 & 88.0 & 82.3 & 10.1 & 90 \\
5 & 12.22 & 2.04 & 93.7 & 56.8 & 3.1 & 46 \\
6 & 14.62 & 2.44 & 64.0 & 36.1 & -* & 72 \\ \hline \hline \multicolumn{7}{c}{Ce–Fe–Ni–B system} \\ \hline
1 & 1.05 & 0.18 & 73.6 & 127.9 & 27.1 & 159 \\
2 & 2.94 & 0.49 & 94.2 & 124.3 & 26.1 & 174 \\
3 & 6.17 & 1.03 & 73.6 & 114.8 & 24.1 & 197 \\
4 & 8.71 & 1.45 & 88.4 & 106.3 & 24.1 & 210 \\ \hline \hline \multicolumn{7}{c}{Ce–Fe–Si–B system} \\ \hline
1 & 1.30 & 0.22 & 91.8 & 123.1 & 26.1 & 163 \\
2 & 3.75 & 0.63 & 84.2 & 116.1 & 26.1 & 183 \\
3 & 6.62 & 1.1 & 83.9 & 110.4 & 22.1 & 200 \\
4 & 10.04 & 1.67 & 86.5 & 104.2 & 13.7 & 219 \\
5 & 12.62 & 2.1 & 96.8 & 93.0 & 9.1 & 243 \\
6 & 13.60 & 2.26 & 78.6 & 88.8 & 6.8 & 252 \\ \hline \hline \multicolumn{7}{c}{\({}^{*}\) The measurement of HA was stopped at Sample #6 because the observed value is already too low for use in a permanent magnet material.} \\ \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: The magnetic properties of Ce\({}_{2}\)(Fe\({}_{14-x}\)T\({}_{x}\))B solid solutions, where T = Al, Ni, or Si. decrease of about 6.2, 2.5, and 2.6 emu/g for Al, Ni, and Si, substituting 1 atom % Fe (\(x\) = 0.17) in the Ce\({}_{2}\)Fe\({}_{14}\)B compound. Figure 4 shows the composition dependence of \(H_{\rm A}\) for the Ce\({}_{2}\)(Fe\({}_{14-x}\)T\({}_{x}\))B solid solutions, (T = Al, Ni, Si). The anisotropy field generally decreases with increasing Al, Ni, or Si substitution, unlike the work of [PERSON] [43] on the magnetic behaviour of Nd\({}_{2}\)(Fe\({}_{12-x}\)Al\({}_{x}\))Co\({}_{2}\)B, which showed a maximum \(H_{\rm A}\) of 85 kOe at \(x\) = 0.10 and 0.30. No such maximum was observed here for Ce\({}_{2}\)(Fe\({}_{14-x}\)Al\({}_{x}\))B. Increasing Ni substitution for Fe in Ce\({}_{2}\)Fe\({}_{14}\)B decreased \(H_{\rm A}\) by 0.5(1) kOe for each \(x\) = 0.17 (1 atom %) substitution of Fe by Ni. Si substitution initially left \(H_{\rm A}\) unchanged at around 26 kOe; however, beyond \(x\) = 0.63, \(H_{\rm A}\) decreased rapidly.