# Emulsion Polymerization of Tung Oil-Based Latexes with Asolectin as a Biorenewable Surfactant
## 2 Experimental
### Characterization  
Maldi-TOF spectra were collected with a Microflex Maldi-TOF (Bruker Daltonics, Karlsruhe, Germany) using a linear method. Using 3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxycinnamic acid as the matrix, 1:50 (sample:matrix) by weight mixtures were prepared by mixing appropriate amounts of the ground post-cured sample and the matrix with a mortar and pestle. The dry sample/matrix mixture was sandwiched between two MSP 96 polished steel target plates and compressed at 1000 lbs in a hydraulic press. The laser was set to 100 shots per run at 66% power and a frequency of 60 Hz.  
DSC experiments were conducted on a Q20 DSC instrument (TA Instruments, New Castle, DE, USA). Tests were run in a N\({}_{2}\) atmosphere from \(-20\)\({}^{\circ}\)C to 200 \({}^{\circ}\)C at a heating rate of 10 \({}^{\circ}\)C/min with sample sizes of 10 mg.  
DEA experiments were conducted with an Epsilon DEA 230/1 cure monitor (Netzsch Instruments North America LLC, Burlington, MA, USA) to analyze the rate of cure. The instrument's probe was immersed in 10 g of the resin. The resin was cured in a convection oven held constantly at 100 \({}^{\circ}\)C. The DEA test was conducted for 24 h with frequencies ranging from 0.1 Hz to 10,000.0 Hz. The permittivity and loss factor were measured as a function of time, and the results displayed in the text convey a plot of ion viscosity (Ohm\(\cdot\)cm) versus time. The use of dielectric analysis for monitoring the polymerization of resins relies on the fact that in non-conductive polymers/substances, charge transfer occurs through the mobility of ions within the sample and is measured by the material's overall permittivity. As the polymerization progresses, longer chains are formed and ion mobility is gradually compromised, which is reflected in the materials permittivity. Once the polymerization is completed and polymer chain growth has ceased, no further change in ion mobility occurs and the permittivity remains constant. The ion viscosity discussed in in the text corresponds to a measurement of the resistance offered by a material to the transfer of a charge in a linear path. This property is measured in Ohm\(\cdot\)cm and is referred to as \"ion viscosity\" due to the analogy with the flow of a substance through a medium.  
Raman spectra were acquired with a DXR Raman Microscope (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA). A total of 32 scans were collected per sample at an exposure time of 1 s for each scan. Laser power was set to 7.0 mW, and a 50 \(\upmu\)m slit aperture was used.  
A Q50 TGA instrument (TA Instruments, New Castle, DE, USA) measured weight loss of samples (10 mg) under an air atmosphere as a function of temperature. Samples were heated from room temperature to 600 \({}^{\circ}\)C at a heating rate of 20 \({}^{\circ}\)C/min.  
The morphology of the vesicles prepared was observed under Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy mode (STEM) using a JEOL JSM-7600F field emission scanning electron microscope (Peabody, MA, USA) equipped with a transmission detector. The microscope was operated at 30.0 kV accelerating voltage during STEM imaging. The suspension was deposited directly on a TEM copper grid after the heating treatment, and allowed to dry at ambient conditions for 24 h before imaging.  
A nano series Zetasizer (Malvern Instruments, Worcestershire, UK) was used in order to obtain particle size and polydispersity index values. An aliquot of each emulsion was placed in a cuvette and diluted 10 times with deionized water. Measurements were made at 25 \({}^{\circ}\)C with a 90\({}^{\circ}\) angle of detection. Emulsion samples underwent three measurements with 11 runs per measurement for a duration of 10 s per run. Automatic attenuation selection was performed for each sample. The results reported in this manuscript correspond to the average of the three measurements carried out on each sample.