## 1 Introduction  
One-sentence summary: We provide evidence that heart rate cannot be influenced by different tempi (bpm), regardless of age or whether a neurological disease (which can also cause cardiological changes) is present. Can heart rate be influenced by different music genres or modulated sounds? This was the question to be answered in the present study. For this purpose, the influence of different music genres and sounds on the heart rate is analyzed in three groups of subjects. The question arises from the fact that musical influences on the cardiovascular system have been widely studied [1; 2; 3; 4]. Basically, music activates several brain areas simultaneously, according to which timbre, rhythm and tones address the different brain areas [5; 6; 7]. Depending on the perception of the sound, stimulating or relaxing effects can then be evoked [8]. In this context, [PERSON] et al. [1] demonstrated that musical tracks with and without vocals elicited significant correlations between cardiovascular or respiratory signals and the music profile. Cardiovascular (especially skin vasomotion) and respiratory fluctuations were reflected in the music profile, especially when it contained a crescendo. Furthermore, they demonstrated that specific musical phrases (often in the rhythm of 6 cycles/min in famous arias by [PERSON]) can synchronize inherent cardiovascular rhythms and, thus, modulate cardiovascular control. These responses do not differ between musicians and non-musicians. Listening to pieces by [PERSON] and [PERSON] for 25 min each lowered blood pressure and heart rate when compared with music by ABBA, according to [PERSON] and [PERSON] [2]. They studied 120 cardiac healthy subjects aged 25-75 years as part of a randomized controlled trial. Similarly, the music of [PERSON] has been found to reduce systolic blood pressure compared to those subjects who listened to The Beatles or news on the radio [4]. It has also been demonstrated that vocal and orchestral music produce significantly better correlations between cardiovascular or respiratory signals than music with a more uniform emphasis [3]. Accordingly, both the heart rate and respiratory rate were found to be higher with \"pleasant stimuli\" than with \"unpleasant stimuli\" or silence [9]. Listening to music compared with silence has also been studied several times and, similarly, cardiovascular parameters, such as heart rate, are lowest in silence and increase with music [1; 9; 10; 11]. Three reviews of this topic on music and its physiological influences (i.e., the heart rate) [2; 12; 13] conclude that, on the one hand listening to music which evokes higher emotional arousal is associated with a higher HR than that evoked by soothing music [13]. Thus, exciting music is associated with a higher HR than soothing music [14]. On the other hand, in terms of music genre, the greatest health benefits were evident with classical and meditation music, whereas listening to heavy metal or techno music were attributed as being not only ineffective but also possibly dangerous, because they could lead to stress and/or life-threatening arrhythmias [3]. Consequently, [PERSON] and [PERSON] [2], [PERSON] et al. [4] and [PERSON] and [PERSON] [13] have found different responses to the different music styles on the heart rate and blood pressure, respectively. Demonstrable differences have also been found between vocal and orchestral music and music with a more uniform emphasis in this regard [1]. According to [PERSON] et al. [10], when arousal was counterbalanced by different music, no changes in HR were found with the time differences of the music (90 vs. 120 beats per minute [bpm]). [PERSON] et al. [15] confirmed this. Therefore, uniform tones with equivalent beats per minute (bpm) were selected, in addition to different music styles with different bpm, to be investigated in the present study. In order to compare a neutral reference without tonal components, pink noise was also applied as a stimulus in the study.