# An Integrated Safety Monitoring and Pre-Warning System for Fishing Vessels
## 2 Literature Review
The method was evaluated through three months of AIS data collected outside of China's Ningbo-Zhoushan waters, and results indicated that the suggested model is capable of accurately extracting vessel safety early warning information. However,although AIS data offer useful information for assessing the danger of ship collisions, the AIS faces significant challenges, including security vulnerabilities, data accuracy issues, and cumbersome operations [25, 26, 27]. In addition, various studies focus on establishing an integrated system combined with multiple sensors to enhance maritime safety and operational efficiency by providing comprehensive, real-time monitoring and analysis. Such systems utilize various technologies to monitor vessel position, detect anomalies, and ensure safe navigation. A key advantage of these integrated systems is their applicability to small boats, where cost-effectiveness is a critical factor. [PERSON] et al. [28] designed an inland vessel tracking system using a micro-controller, GPS, GSM, a wireless camera, vibration sensors, and ultrasonic sensors. The system notifies the base station to begin rescue operations if there is an accident. However, this system was not tested in real maritime environments to validate its effectiveness and reliability. [PERSON] et al. [29] presented a combined system for controlling fishing nets, their cargo, and the movement of the vessel aiming to improve on-board safety and send out early alerts in the event of potential danger. [PERSON] et al. [30] developed a cost-effective and scalable tracking system for small-scale fisheries using LoRaWAN/cellular networks. The system gathered and processed positional data from small vessels, providing accurate tracking and supporting new policies for coastal resource management. However, this system has some limitations. It lacks attitude detection and 3D real-time display, which are crucial for understanding the vessel's orientation and stability. Most of the above studies exhibit several limitations. Some approaches depend on expensive equipment such as laser scanners or are constrained by visual occlusion, lighting, and high computational costs. Systems based on the AIS or GNSS face issues including data inaccuracy, security vulnerabilities, and complex operation. In addition, many integrated systems lack key sensing capabilities (such as attitude detection), real-time performance, or validation in real maritime environments. More importantly, few existing solutions achieve a balance between system cost, sensing completeness, data responsiveness, and deployment scalability, which is particularly critical for small- and medium-sized fishing vessels. To address these challenges, this study proposes a comprehensive safety monitoring and early warning system tailored for fishing vessels. The system integrates a nine-axis sensor, a temperature sensor, a GPS module, and a surveillance camera, combined with wireless communication via 4G/5G to achieve real-time, low-latency monitoring and alerting. A fuzzy logic-based decision-making algorithm is adopted to handle environmental uncertainty and improve response accuracy. The proposed system emphasizes modular hardware, cost-efficiency, and intelligent risk assessment, and has been validated in field experiments conducted in the Zhoushan Sea area, China.