## 5 Simulation Results  
To observe the achievable rate and throughput of the proposed scheme for IRS-aided MU-MISO wireless communication systems in the physical world of the metaverse scenarios, simulation results were evaluated with consideration of different IRS elements and modulation schemes. In the simulation, the combinations of different IRS elements are setup with \(8\times 8\) and \(16\times 16\). The modulation schemes of binary phase-shift keying (BPSK), quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK), and 16 quadrature amplitude modulation (16 QAM) are considered. The channel propagation of \(R=7\) pathways is considered. In addition, the BS antenna separation and IRS element spacings of 0.5 and 4\(\lambda\) are assumed. The BS to IRS channel LOS route has a Rician factor of 15 dB. The simulation parameters are shown in Table 1. The random IRS scheme, which is a mechanism for randomly generating the phases of the IRS RE, i.e., \(\phi_{n}\in[0,2\pi]\) with \(|\phi_{n}|=1\), \(n=1,\ldots,N\), is employed in this paper. Figure 4 depicts the BER performance of the proposed system in terms of different SNR ranges. From Figure 4, the results show that the BPSK modulation with 256 IRS elements achieves the highest performance compared to the different simulation modulations, such as QPSK, 16 QAM, and IRS elements. In addition, the simulation results show that the BER is enhanced according to the increase in the IRS element. In addition, we compared the simulation results with the analytical case; it can be seen that the simulation results follow the same trend as the analytical result. Figure 5 shows the SE performance of the proposed system in terms of different modulation schemes and IRS element numbers. From Figure 5, it is indicated that by utilizing the modulation schemes of BPSK, QPSK, and 16 QAM with IRS elements 64 and 256, the SE achievements show minimal variations across different SNR values, as evident in the zoomed-in view of the graph. Figure 6 shows the overall SE performance of the proposed system with other optimization schemes and an ideal case in terms of the number of IRS elements and different SNR values. For the results of this simulation concept of the metaverse, we selected the common IRS phase shift scheme, which is a random phase shift scheme. From Figure 6, it is indicated that the SE achievements of the proposed scheme follow the SE trend of the ideal case with the IRS numbers 64 and 256, respectively. In addition, the SE performance of the proposed scheme (in terms of different SNRs) outperforms the studies in [25] and [26], respectively. The achievable SE of this simulation is gained by almost 21 and 23 bps per Hz with IRS elements 64 and 256. However, we can also implement many good optimization schemes (e.g., minimum mean square error (MMSE), largest eigenvalue, and iterative optimization) in the proposed conceptualization system. In [22], the above schemes were proposed in an IRS-based communication system. They demonstrated promising SE performance and, thus, could be potentially applied in this proposed metaverse-enabled system. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c} \hline \hline
**Parameters** & **Value** \\ \hline Numbers of paths & R = 7 \\ Number of scatters & R = 15 \\ BS antenna spacing & 0.5Å \\ Number of UE & F = 2 \\ Number of BS antennas & M = 2 \\ Channel noise & AWGN \\ Rician factor & 15 dB \\ Modulation schemes & BPSK, QPSK, 16 QAM \\ IRS elements & \(8\times 8,16\times 16\) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: The simulation parameters of the proposed system. Figure 4: BER versus SNR results of the proposed and analytical cases for the IRS-based wireless system in the metaverse. Figure 5: SE versus SNR results of the proposed system for IRS-based wireless communication in terms of different modulation techniques. The SE performance, according to user count, is shown in Figure 7. It has been demonstrated that the SE is increased according to the number of IRS elements.