## 2 Background
However, this approach could not fully consider the distinct requirements and preferences of disabled pedestrians in different environments. Cities face a significant issue in improving pedestrian accessibility due to a lack of trustworthy data on sidewalk accessibility [45]. There is limited knowledge regarding the specific data requirements for cities and the various perspectives and utilization of sidewalk data by different stakeholders [45]. [PERSON] et al. [46] illustrate how data collection and data administration of accessibility information are two of the most significant problems confronting municipalities and parties attempting to improve municipal accessibility using remote and automated techniques [47]. [PERSON] et al. [48] conducted a study to identify the obstacles and dangers individuals face using powered wheelchairs in traffic settings. The survey focused on analyzing the behavior and experiences of these individuals, taking into account elements related to humans, vehicles (wheelchairs), and the environment. Uneven surfaces, variations in ground level, steep gradients, interactions with other road users, and the impact of the weather were observed as barriers. [PERSON] et al. [49] determined the key parameters significantly influencing the optimal route selection in the Central Business District of Baguio. After that, they introduced an innovative framework that incorporates mathematical calculations and subjective assessments into the decision-making procedure. The characteristics that affect the optimal route selection were identified after thoroughly examining the literature review. The variables included in the study were road length, road type, travel time, road slope, road width, and speed restrictions. A mathematical risk assessment was used to determine the main factors that may impact the safety of individuals with mobility impairments, and the most significant variables that influence the choice of the optimal route were evaluated. Besides these challenges, the resistance that wheelchairs face while moving is a big factor in how well wheelchair users can get around, especially on sloped or rough surfaces. A study carried out at Poznant University of Technology showed that a system that combines manual and electric power can greatly reduce this resistance and make wheelchairs move more efficiently. This can help create safer and more accessible city spaces for wheelchair users [50]. Developing a framework for assessing efficient routes for disabled persons' vehicles in urban areas of the KSA requires considering various factors, such as the challenges faced by disabled users and the methodology for assessing the efficiency of transport services for disabled individuals. Additionally, incorporating Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques, MCDA, and the fuzzy rank sum method can help model accessibility to relevant services, providing insights into the current situation and areas needing improvement [40]. Several studies have addressed the evaluation of urban accessibility for wheelchair users, employing various criteria and methodologies. However, applying these methodologies in the context of the KSA remains underexplored.