# Enhancing Sustainable IoT Systems Through a Goal-Oriented Requirements Analysis Framework
## 3 Background
To showcase its effectiveness, the approach was applied to two real-world use cases drawn from a large-scale application in the automotive industry with a specific focus on the requirements of Fiat Chrysler Automobiles. The authors presented a structured approach to requirements engineering tailored for CPPS applications. In [28], a GORE approach was introduced to define needs and requirements within the Ambient Assisted Living (AAL) domain. Subsequent to the requirements mapping, the authors also put forth an initial architectural concept for a home care system called \"e-Ward\". This system was designed to provide assistance to patients in their home environment, simulating the environment of a hospital room. This approach is envisioned as a foundational step toward the development of a modular AAL framework capable of addressing all identified needs. The proposed architecture represents progress in this direction as it models a home care system that replicates a hospital room within a patient's home environment. The authors in [29] presented a domain-specific modeling language tailored for the IoT as it was developed with UML (Unified Modeling Language) and considered IoT systems, as well as technical and nontechnical end users. Standardized and widely accepted usability metrics were used to validate its suitability, demonstrating that the language is user-friendly in real-life smart home IoT environments. The experimental results yielded auspicious results, with the language receiving consistently high usability scores from technical and non-technical users. Although these results are encouraging, there is a reason for further testing of the language in the context of more intricate IoT systems that require advanced expertise. However, this goes beyond the scope of this article. Furthermore, because of its compatibility with UML, advanced UML notations could be harnessed to enhance the expressiveness of the language. Alternatively, a subset of these notations could be customized to better align with the specific requirements of IoT applications. In [30], a systematic mapping study was introduced to identify and comprehend crucial requirements for architectural modeling within IoT applications. The primary findings underscored that current methodologies have overlooked specific requirements and that only a limited number of software architecture approaches consider specialized considerations when modeling IoT applications. Typically, a separation exists between architectural efforts and systems engineering (SE), resulting in a lack of traceability from system requirements and design to the overall architecture. However, Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) systems bring together and seamlessly integrate systems and software engineering with enterprise systems, business processes, and analytics, providing valuable support to decision makers. In [31], the authors investigated an emerging international standard, the Unified Architecture Framework (UAF); they explored its potential application in capturing IIoT architectures and aiding systems integrators in developing interoperable systems while ensuring traceability across various viewpoints and the initial requirements. The analysis included mapping the Industrial Internet Reference Architecture (IIRA) to the UAF and illustrating its practical application through a real-world case study, demonstrating how the UAF can effectively model IIoT architectures. In [32], an IoT-based smart home system proposal, which outlines the system architecture based on an Internet of Things layered framework, was introduced. Furthermore, their paper provided a comprehensive design of the system's gateway, covering hardware and software aspects in detail. It delves into the interface circuits for components such as the Zigbee module, the 3G module, and the video module concerning the S3C2440A microprocessor. In addition, their paper described the software implementation that runs on an embedded Linux operating system.