# _Bacillus subtilis_ Simultaneously Detoxified Aflatoxin B1 and Zeralenone  
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1 College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 1002206, China; [EMAIL_ADDRESS]  
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2 Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Z.W. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (W.A. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (B.G. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (C.L. ); hanbing@[EMAIL_ADDRESS] (B.H. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (H.T. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (J.W.) [PERSON]  
2 Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Z.W. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (W.A. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (B.G. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (C.L. ); hanbing@[EMAIL_ADDRESS] (B.H. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (H.T. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (J.W.) [PERSON]  
2 Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Z.W. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (W.A. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (B.G. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (C.L. ); hanbing@[EMAIL_ADDRESS] (B.H. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (H.T. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (J.W.) [PERSON]  
2 Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Z.W. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (W.A. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (B.G. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (C.L. ); hanbing@[EMAIL_ADDRESS] (B.H. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (H.T. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (J.W.) Z.-33  
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stability enables them to withstand high temperature; however, the extent of toxicity varies depending on their specific structures [4]. It is worth noting that a single mold species may produce one or more secondary metabolites, while different molds can also generate the same mycotoxin. The combined toxicity of mycotoxins is intricate and influenced by various factors including the type, dosage, host response, and duration of exposure. Furthermore, it encompasses synergistic effects as well as additive and antagonistic interactions [5; 6; 7]. Aflatoxin (AF) is a secondary metabolite produced by _Aspergillus flavus_ and _Aspergillus parasiticus_. Currently, a total of 18 types of AF have been isolated and identified, including B1, B2, G1, G2, M1, M2, B2a, G2a, BM2a, and GM2a. Among them, aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is the most potent toxin known to be carcinogenic, genotoxic, teratogenic, immunoreactive, and mutagenic to both humans and animals [8; 9]. Prolonged exposure to AFB1 can lead to chronic poisoning in animals, resulting in growth retardation, immune dysfunction, as well as tissue and organ damage with potentially fatal consequences [10; 11; 12]. Moreover, AFB1 residues may also be present in meat, eggs, and dairy products, thereby posing serious threats to food safety, which ultimately jeopardizes human health [13; 14; 15]. Zeralenone (ZEN) is produced by major members of the _Fusarium_ genus, such as _F. gramitis_, _F. roseum_, _F. transversum_, and _F. trilinearum_. ZEN is one of the most prevalent mycotoxins in cereals and foodstuffs worldwide and poses a significant threat to food/feed security as well as human and animal health [16]. It primarily affects the reproductive system of animals and can elevate estrogen levels [17; 18; 19; 20; 21; 22]. In cases of acute poisoning, ZEN can have detrimental effects on vital organs including the heart, liver, kidney, lung, and nervous system [23; 24]. Both AFB1 and ZEN are commonly co-occurring mycotoxins in cereals, and their widespread contamination and toxicity to animals have made the efficient removal of these compounds prominent research topic for an extended period. Currently, various physical, chemical, and biological methods exist for eliminating mycotoxins. Among them, biodegradation has garnered significant attention due to its high efficiency, strong specificity, minimal environmental pollution, and negligible impact on nutritional value [25]. Notably, _Bacillus_ sp. S62-W has been reported to efficiently degrade ZEN [26], while _B. subtilis_ ANSB01G not only degrades ZEN, but also relieves apoptosis induced by ZEN toxicity and oxidative stress caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS).