## 2 Related Work  
The IoT is revolutionizing everything, and there are billions of IoT devices around us as a consequence [18]. As part of this evolution, traditional consumer-based applications such as smart homes based on applications and wireless body area networks are being shifted to mission-critical applications such as remote surgery and remote energy distribution in a smart grid. With this proliferation of applications, the requirements of mission-critical applications are starting to receive special consideration and be seen as a distinct set in contrast to traditional consumer-based IoT applications. One reason for this shift is that the devices involved in mission-critical applications must work every time with a zero percent chance of failure. Failure could have severe consequences; therefore, these applications have a specialized requirement in which not only the application architects should be involved but also the stakeholders which are generally not technical people [21]. A variety of studies have been conducted in the area of mission-critical applications. One of the important aspects of these applications is the communication delay [22]. With the advances in 5G networks and Industry 4.0, the design of MC-IoT systems gaining greater attention; this is partly because the ultra-latency which 5G networks support will remove the hurdles which have long been restricting these applications [22]. For instance, in [23], the authors focus on ensuring availability by establishing alternative connectivity such as device-to-device and drone-assisted access to help achieve the requirements of the MC-IoT. The data dissemination in MC-IoT is another challenge caused by the message transfer delay between devices. The work carried out by [PERSON] et al. [24] focuses on data dissemination in an optimal way, finding the best tradeoff between conflicting performance objectives such as spatial frequency reuse and transmission quality. Similar efforts [25; 26; 27; 28] have been made to improve the latency and to overcome the challenges to ensure communication; however, none these studies consider the design aspects of these applications, instead focusing on the communication layer of the design. As far as the design of MC-IoT systems is concerned, it has been noted that ample clarity is very important. The model-driven engineering approach has some presence in the literature regarding the design of MC-IoT systems [14; 19]. It has been stated that with this model-driven approach, the technical challenges of MC-IoT system development can be achieved by utilizing features such as high-level abstraction of heterogeneous devices, separation of concerns, self-adaptation, and reusability [14]. The problem with this is that although it is a very good idea, there are no case studies or instances in which the effectiveness of MDE design of mission planning is assessed. Another paradigm worth considering is the DIY approach [29]. As modern IoT applications demand the involvement of the general public, and non-technical people have business shares, an approach to allow them to create their own systems with minimal technical effort was developed [20; 29]. This approach offers several advantages: firstly, it gives the humans involved a sense of creativity and achievement. Secondly, regarding the economic interests of the stakeholders, it allows them to interact with the actual system rather than just giving mere feedback. Accordingly, it has been stated in the literature that the end users should be involved in the creation process, thus giving them the power to discover new things [30; 31]. Numerous notable open-source tools propose utilizing the DIY approach and enabling the masses to become involved in the creation process. In the field of electronic device design, open-source hardware boards are used, which enable the general public to linker with them and express themselves. Raspberry PI [32] and Arduino [33] are among the leading examples.