## 4 Results
### Physiological Response  
Changes in the electrophysiological responses were assessed by measuring the ECG, EMGs (EMG A, EMG B, EMG C), BVP, PULSE, and SC, the results of which are reported in Table 4. The results showed the significant effects of time for EMG B (F = 43.70, \(p\) < 0.001) and EMG C (F = 34.91, \(p\) < 0.001), while most of the other measurements did not show statistically significant results (\(p\) > 0.05). Significant effects were observed in the group differences for EMG C (F = 22.95, \(p\) < 0.001). Significant interactions between time and group were found only in the EMG B (F = 5.20, \(p\) < 0.05), EMG C (F = 14.29, \(p\) < 0.01), and RESP (F = 4.40, \(p\) < 0.05). On the other hand, no significant effects were found in the interactions between time and group for most of the other measurements (\(p\) > 0.05).  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Variables**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Group**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Pre-Test**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Post-Test**} & \multicolumn{6}{c}{**RM-ANOVA (F-Value)**} \\ \cline{5-10}  & & & & **Time (\(p\)-Value)** & & **Group (\(p\)-Value)** & **p\({}^{2}\)** & **T \(\times\) G** & **P\({}^{2}\)** \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{STROOP} & Experimental & 73.05 & 74.40 & & & & & & \\  & \(\pm\)7.68 & \(\pm\)8.00 & 13.712 & & & & & & \\ \cline{2-10}  & Control & 63.10 & 64.20 & (0.001) ** & 0.265 & 24.572 & (0.000) ** & 0.393 & 0.143 & (0.708) & 0.004 \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Immediate recall (Rey-Kim Test)} & Experimental & 47.50 & 49.25 & & & & & & & \\  & \(\pm\)9.67 & \(\pm\)9.62 & 5.583 & & & & & & \\  & Control & 43.10 & 46.05 & (0.023) * & 0.128 & 4.891 & (0.033) * & 0.114 & 6.259 & (0.017) * & 0.141 \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Delayed recall (Rey-Kim Test)} & Experimental & 10.55 & 11.25 & & & & & & & \\  & \(\pm\)9.30 & \(\pm\)1.44 & 28.500 & 0.429 & 10.614 & 0.028 & 0.792 & 0.020 & \\  & Control & 9.30 & 9.80 & (0.000) *** & 0.429 & (0.002) ** & 0.218 & 0.792 & (0.379) & 0.020 \\  & Control & \(\pm\)1.08 & \(\pm\)1.10 & & & & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Delayed recognition (Rey-Kim Test)} & Experimental & 13.55 & 13.85 & & & & & & & \\  & \(\pm\)1.70 & \(\pm\)1.49 & 10.106 & & & & & & \\  & \(\pm\)1.07 & \(\pm\)1.02 & & 10.003) ** & 0.210 & 0.056 & 0.001 & 0.404 & (0.529) & 0.011 \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Digit Span Task} & Experimental & 34.55 & 36.55 & & & & & & & \\  & \(\pm\)4.52 & \(\pm\)3.59 & 10.584 & & & & & & \\  & Control & 31.50 & 31.90 & (0.002) ** & 0.218 & 13.650 & 0.001)** & 0.264 & 4.704 & (0.036) * & 0.110 \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{COWAT (semantic fluency)} & Experimental & 48.50 & 48.65 & & & & & & & \\  & \(\pm\)8.15 & \(\pm\)8.09 & 2.623 & & & & & & \\  & Control & 46.20 & 46.40 & (0.114) & 0.065 & 1.338 & 0.034 & 0.054 & (0.818) & 0.001 \\  & Control & \(\pm\)3.59 & 46.321 & & & & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{COWAT (phonemic fluency)} & Experimental & 66.20 & 66.00 & & & & & & & \\  & \(\pm\)15.30 & \(\pm\)15.09 & 0.977 & 0.025 & 0.007 & 0.000 & 0.109 & 0.003 \\ \cline{1-1}  & Control & 66.45 & 66.35 & (0.329) & 0.029 & (0.935) & 0.000 & (0.774) & 0.003 \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{NOTE. Values are M \(\pm\) SD. * \(p\) < 0.05, ** \(p\) < 0.01, *** \(p\) < 0.001. T \(\times\) G: Time \(\times\) Group Interaction, pn2: partial eta square.} & & & & & & \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{2-10}  & \multirow{2}{*}{Experimental} & 66.20 & 66.00 & & & & & & \\  & \(\pm\)15.30 & \(\pm\)15.09 & 0.977 & 0.025 & 0.007 & 0.000 & 0.109 & \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{2-10}  & Control & 66.45 & 66.35 & (0.329) & 0.035 & (0.935) & 0.000 & (0.774) & 0.003 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} NOTE. Values are M \(\pm\) SD. * \(p\) < 0.05, ** \(p\) < 0.01, *** \(p\) < 0.001. T \(\times\) G: Time \(\times\) Group Interaction, pn2: partial eta square.  
\end{table}
Table 3: Results on cognitive function.