## 1 Introduction
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & & & & & **Properties \({}^{1}\)** & & & \\ \cline{2-10}
**Filters** & **(1)** & **(2)** & **(3)** & **(4)** & **(5)** & **(6)** & **(7)** & **(8)** & **(9)** \\ \hline
[13] & no & no & no & no & no & yes & yes & yes & yes \\
[14] & no & no & no & no & no & yes & no & yes & yes \\
[15] & no & no & no & no & yes & no & yes & yes \\
[16] & no & no & yes & yes & yes & yes & no & yes \\
[17] & no & yes & no & no & no & yes & yes & no & yes \\
[18] & no & no & no & no & yes & yes & no & no \\
[19] & no & no & no & no & no & no & no & yes \\
[20] & yes & no & no & yes & yes & yes & yes & yes \\
[21] & yes & no & no & yes & yes & yes & no & yes \\
[22] & yes & no & no & yes & yes & yes & no & yes \\
[23] & yes & no & yes & yes & yes & no & yes \\
[24] & yes & yes & no & no & no & yes & no & yes \\
[25] & yes & no & yes & no & yes & no & yes \\
[26] & yes & yes & no & yes & yes & no & yes \\
[27] & yes & yes & no & yes & yes & yes & no & yes \\ this work & yes & yes & yes & yes & yes & yes & yes \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}  
\({}^{1}\) (1) resistorless and electronically tunable structure; (2) simultaneous realisation of three generic filtering responses in all the four possible modes; (3) capability to realise bandstop and allpass filtering responses in the voltage mode, current mode and transadmittance mode without critical component-matching conditions; (4) low-input and high-output impedances for current signals; (5) high-input impedance for voltage signal; (6) use of only grounded capacitors; (7) orthogonal control of the parameters quality factor (Q) and resonance angular frequency (\(\omega_{\rm o}\)) of the filter; (8) independent control of the voltage mode filter gains without affecting the parameters Q and \(\omega_{\rm o}\); and (9) low active and passive sensitivity performances.  
\end{table} 
Table 2: Characteristic comparisons with previous reported mixed-mode filters. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Related Works** & **Matching Constraints** & **Input Voltage at High Input Impedance** & **Input Current at Low Input Impedance** & **Output Current at High Output Impedance** \\ \hline
[26] & AP & yes & no & yes \\
[27] & AP & yes & yes & yes \\ this work & nil & yes & yes & yes \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}  
* AP: allpass.  
\end{table} 
Table 4: Characteristic comparisons with previous works in [26,27]. 1 \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Related Works**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**No. of Active Elements**} & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**Filter Function Realization**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**The \(\mathbf{w_{0}}\) and Q**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Independent Tunability VM Filter**} \\ \cline{3-4}  & & **CM** & **VM** & **TAM** & **TIM** & **Orthogonal Tunability** & **Gains without Affecting \(\mathbf{w_{0}}\) and Q** \\ \hline
[26] & 3 & All five & LP, BP, HP & All five & LP, BP, HP & no & no \\
[27] & 3 & All five & LP, BP, BS & All five & LP, BP, BS & yes & no \\ this work & 3 & All five & All five & LP, BP, HP & yes & yes \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}  
* \(\mathbf{w_{0}}\): resonance angular frequency; Q: quality factor; CM: current mode; VM: voltage mode; TAM: transdmittance mode; TIM: transimpedance mode; LP: lowpass BP: bandpass; HP: highpass; BS: bandstop.  
\end{table} 
Table 3: Comparison of the proposed circuit with previously reported single-input-type of electronically tunable CCCCTA-based mixed-mode filters [26,27]. 1