## 1 Introduction
These materials can effectively absorb and dissipate electromagnetic radiation, making them ideal candidates for use in electromagnetic shielding applications. Herewith, a composite material in a polymer matrix with high shielding efficiency can be produced [17]. Several polymers are used for polymer matrices, such as polyaniline, polyurethane, ethylene methyl acrylate, epoxy, and polypropylene. Apart from these types of materials, different alternative materials like multilayer nanocomposites [18; 19], wood-based composites [20; 21], metalized carbon fabric [22] and carbonyl iron powder dispersed thermoplastic polyurethane composites with metal mesh layer [23] are also being investigated by other researchers. Whether the electromagnetic shielding is good or bad does not the only thing determining the type of material to be selected. For the structure, vehicle, or device to be shielded, its mechanical properties, conditions of use and cost are other factors to consider. The dielectric properties of a polymer composite are affected by the permittivity, conductivity, and weight percentage of the filler added to the composite material. The effective electromagnetic shielding of polymer composites greatly depends on the distribution of individual carbon-based fillers within the polymer matrix. The electron percolation between the separated particles affects the electrical conductivity of the composites. In order to achieve effective electromagnetic shielding, high content and good dispersion of carbon-based materials are usually necessary. The addition of a significant amount of conductive carbon-based fillers can have negative effects on the mechanical properties and processibility of the composites. This is due to severe agglomeration and poor filler-matrix bonding,which can result in worse conductivity and bad surface morphology [24]. Therefore, the production method plays an important role as much as the material in electromagnetic shielding [25]. There are several production methods used for EMI shielding polymer composites. The selection of a particular method depends on factors such as the desired composite properties, the type of polymer matrix, the type and distribution of the filler material, available manufacturing capabilities and the required production scale. Examples of these methods are solution mixing, melt mixing, mechanical mixing, electrospinning, and in-situ polymerization. Graphite provides electromagnetic shielding due to its conductive properties. It is a well-known allotrope of carbon, and its 2D structure is composed of layers of carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal lattice. Each carbon atom forms three covalent bonds with adjacent carbon atoms, creating a flat, honeycomb-like structure. The 2D structure of graphite allows it to conduct electricity along its layers, making it an effective conductor of electric current. In the manufacturing of polymer composites, the addition of graphite acts as a beneficial enhancement, enhancing both mechanical and electrical properties. Polymer matrix graphite-filled composites exhibit high electromagnetic shielding efficiency at high frequencies due to the conductive nature of graphite. The high conductivity of graphite enables it to create numerous conductive pathways within the composite material, thereby facilitating the absorption and reflection of electromagnetic radiation [26]. Additionally, the presence of epoxy in the composite material enhances its mechanical and thermal stability, which makes it a suitable candidate for a wide range of applications in various industries [27; 28]. Carbon black is a form of finely divided carbon that is primarily composed of elemental carbon. It is produced through the incomplete combustion or thermal decomposition of hydrocarbons, such as natural gas or petroleum products. Carbon black particles are typically small and have a high surface area, which gives them unique properties like reinforcement, conductivity, and pigmentation.