# Application of Collision Warning Algorithm Alarm in Fishing Vessel's Waterway
## 1 Introduction  
Globally, marine accidents involving fishing vessels form a large part of research in marine engineering [1, 2]. The casualties of fishing vessel accidents are more serious than those of other accidents [3]. As for the types of accidents, the incidence of collisions is remarkably high, and those caused by the collision of fishing vessels account for a large portion of the total casualties [4, 5]. To prevent fishing vessel maritime accidents internationally, in 2012, the International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification, and Watchkeeping for Fishing Vessel Personnel, which establishes certification and minimum training requirements for fishing crew members, entered into force, and Cape Town Agreement (CTA) was adopted, which established the minimum global standards for the design, construction, equipping, and inspection of fishing vessels [6, 7]. Additionally, the International Labor Organization has made various efforts to provide a global standard for workers in the fishing industry, including adopting the Work in Fishing Convention No. 118 in 2007 [8]. Although thesevoluntary and regulatory safety initiatives have reduced losses, fishing is still the most dangerous occupation at sea [9]. The International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (COLREG) is an internationally applied maritime traffic law that is intended to reduce or eliminate collisions [10]. Therefore, even for ships that are not subject to compliance, such as small vessels, understanding the principles of the regulations and the application of appropriate navigation measures will help prevent collisions. In a study on the cause of fishing vessel collision accidents, it was found that the skippers of the vessels were often involved in fishing operations, which makes it difficult for them to recognize encounters with other ships [1,11]. [PERSON] et al. [12] suggested that watchkeeping should be performed by a sufficient number of crew members to monitor navigation in coastal waters where there is a high risk of collision. However, owing to the nature of fishing vessel operations, watchkeeping is often neglected [1]. In particular, for smaller vessels, the number of crewmembers is generally smaller. Hence, it is very likely that the crew will place watchkeeping at a lower priority than fishing work. [PERSON] et al. [13] suggested that the navigation support services should be provided for non-safety of life at sea (SOLAS) ships such as fishing vessels, and [PERSON] [1] argued that it was necessary to develop devices that automatically identify ships at risk of collision and generate an alarm for the fishing vessels on board. However, operator assistance systems for small ships such as fishing vessels are mostly simple systems that utilize automatic identification system (AIS) equipment to sound alarms when another ship is within a certain distance from its own ship [14]. As mentioned, studies on collision avoidance between fishing vessels and small ships have suggested the adoption of collision avoidance systems and alarms. [PERSON] [15] proposed an alarm system to detect other ships and obstacles within 50 m by emitting ultrasonic pulses of 40 kHz to raise the navigators' cognitive ability by emitting alarm signals. [PERSON] et al. [16] monitored ships approaching in real time using radar signal receivers and marine geographic information systems (MGIS) to prevent collisions of small ships; when a collision risk is detected, operators are notified by a buzzer or warning light. Additionally, it proposes appropriate transitions or shifts for collision avoidance and the results are shown on a display screen. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [17] proposed a model to generate collision avoidance methods for the safeguarding of fishing boats using fuzzy logic control methods and MGIS.