## 6 Conclusions  
Our review provides a thorough analysis of lunar communication, highlighting its critical importance in the context of human and robotic space exploration missions. We explore the complexities of signal propagation across the lunar surface, including environmental challenges that must be overcome for effective communication. The review evaluates various lunar surface antennas and their suitability for this challenging environment. The selection of antennas is a critical aspect of lunar communication, and it can vary significantly based on specific mission requirements. When designing antennas for lunar communication, it is essential to consider a range of factors. In general, antennas intended for lunar missions should offer several advantages, including a compact profile for efficient use of space, ease of installation, low power requirements to conserve resources, and durability to withstand the harsh lunar environment. Additionally, the use of protective radomes can help shield antennas from lunar conditions, ensuring their longevity and performance. These research findings suggest that the most used frequency bands in practical lunar surface missions include HF, UHF, S, and Ka bands. Additionally, it is worth mentioning that X and Ku bands have been explored for research purposes, presenting unique capabilities for communication between lunar orbiters and Earth applications. The choice of the appropriate frequency band should align with the specific communication requirements and objectives of the mission. Antennas used in lunar communication are primarily engineered for three key functions: lunar surface communication, Earth-to-lunar communication, and lunar penetrating radar applications. Each of these applications comes with its own set of challenges and considerations, such as addressing signal propagation, power requirements, and environmental factors. In conclusion, when designing antennas for lunar communication, it is crucial to carefully evaluate the specific needs of the mission and select the appropriate antenna type and frequency band. Additionally, ensuring compatibility with the lunar environment and mission objectives is paramount. By considering these factors, antenna designers can play a vital role in the success of lunar missions and lunar research efforts.  
[PERSON] collected research data, with technical guidance from [PERSON], who also managed the project. [PERSON] and [PERSON] were the primary authors of this paper. [PERSON] contributed mission-specific information and edited the article. [PERSON] and [PERSON] proofread and revised the communication section, while [PERSON]-[PERSON], [PERSON] and [PERSON] provided overall revisions and editing for the article. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
This work is part of the \"Performance Evaluation of Lunar Rashid Rover Communication System\" research project, supported by the University of Dubai.  
Not applicable.  
Data Availability StatementData are contained within the article.  
This work is part of the framework of the Emirates Lunar Mission (ELM). The ELM is conducted by the Mohammed Bin Rashid Space Center (MBRSC), in Dubai, UAE. The ELM is funded by the ICT Fund as part of the Mars 2117 initiative.  
The authors declare no conflict of interest.