## 5 Conclusions  
(1) The GNSS monitoring system is a practical way to achieve the real-time monitoring of mining related landslides. It can provide multi-scale temporal data that can be combined with multi-source data and collaborative monitoring using other equipment, to provide reliable results.  
(2) By analyzing the moving velocity at monitoring points where the overlying strata were affected by mining, the moving velocity stability threshold (i.e., the point at which the strata become active) was found to be 20 mm/d. When it was less than 20 mm/d, the strata were not normally active and had good stability. Comparing the velocity and displacement curves, it was found that continuous rainfall had a large impact on the velocity curve, but when the rainfall was lower than 15 mm, there was little effect on surface movement.  
(3) Using the displacement and velocity data at the monitoring points, the response of the mining overburden, ground surface, and high-steep slopes to external factors was assessed. The overall impact could be considered a consequence of mining, terrain conditions, rainfall, and other factors. It was found that mining was the main external force driving slope body deformation, while the topographic conditions had a large influence on the displacement of the slope body in a certain direction, providing  
Figure 13: Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) low-altitude remote sensing time series images of Luhu village landslide.  
sufficient conditions for a slope body slip. Rainfall has a staged effect on the slope body, and accelerated the formation of a sliding surface.  
(4) Non-uniform deformation and terrain conditions caused by mining were the direct causes of slope body instability. A field investigation of non-uniform deformation, displacement fields, and UAV low-altitude remote sensing time series images showed that the stability of the slope body was low when the deformation rate changed suddenly due to mining, and the stability of the slope body was high when the deformation was uniform or when no deformation occurred. It was found that the non-uniform and asynchronous deformation was mainly concentrated in the influence zone ahead of the working face, and the hysteretic influence zone behind the working face was the main area of surface subsidence.  
Conceptualization, X.L. ([PERSON]); methodology, X.L. ([PERSON]), H.H. and Y.C.; software, H.Y.; validation, Z.L.; formal analysis, H.H. and Y.C.; investigation, X.L. ([PERSON]) and Z.L.; resources, Z.L.; data curation, X.L. ([PERSON]), Z.L. and H.Y.; writing--original draft preparation, Z.L. and H.Y.; writing--review and editing, [PERSON] ([PERSON]); visualization, [PERSON] ([PERSON]); supervision, [PERSON] ([PERSON]); project administration, [PERSON] ([PERSON]); funding acquisition, [PERSON] ([PERSON]) All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
This research was funded by [National Natural Science Foundation of China] grant number [51704205], [Shanxi Natural Science Foundation of China] grant number [201701D221025], and [Key R&D Plan projects in Shanxi Province of China] grant number [201803D31044]. The APC was funded by [51704205].  
The authors declare no conflicts of interest.