## 3 Results
### Forest Cover Dynamics Determined from Old Topographic Maps  
The use of cartographic material in historical GIS allows us to observe not only the areas of forest cover but also the logging of forests during mapping, and we can determine the results of this anthropogenic impact documented in a certain period--the areas of forest logging; we can also get a picture of the forest areas that existed before logging, the intensity of logging, and the remaining forest coverage after logging. The forest coverage of Jurbarkas District elderships was analyzed separately in each eldership because they differ in various geomorphological parameters that can affect forest coverage. A study of forest cover areas that existed in the 19 th century was conducted in the first place using cartographic material. Data about forest areas present in the 19 th century and their logging areas were obtained using historical GIS (Table 5). Maps of forest cover in the 19 th century for administrative units are presented in Figures 10 and 11. The obtained data were analyzed, and the forest area before logging, areas of logging, and forest remaining after logging in the 19 th century were determined. This makes it possible \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c} \hline \hline
**Land Surface Altitudes, m** & **Of the Total Area of the District, \%** \\ \hline
0–10 & 0.5 \\
10–20 & 2.9 \\
20–30 & 6.2 \\
30–40 & 6.5 \\
40–50 & 15.4 \\
50–60 & 29.2 \\
60–70 & 23.8 \\
70–80 & 13.6 \\
80–90 & 1.9 \\
90–100 & 0.0 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: Distribution of land surface altitudes in Jurbarkas District. Figure 9: Distribution of land surface altitudes in the municipalities of Jurbarkas District. to study the change in forest cover areas recorded in the cartographic material as a result of an anthropogenic impact. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline
**Elderships** & **Area of Forest before Logging \%** & **Area of Forest after Logging, \%** & **Area of Logging from the Forest Area, \%** & **Area of Logging from the Elderly Area, \%** \\ \hline \multicolumn{5}{c}{2 nd Half of the 19 th Century} \\ \hline Erzvilkas & 58.2 & 57.9 & 0.6 & 0.3 \\ Girdziai & 67.4 & 63.4 & 5.9 & 4.0 \\ Juodaičiai & 51.1 & 49.8 & 2.6 & 1.3 \\ Jurbarkai & 69.0 & 60.6 & 12.2 & 8.4 \\ Jurbarkas city & 8.0 & 8.0 & 0.0 & 0.0 \\ Raudone & 54.1 & 51.1 & 5.5 & 3.0 \\ Seredzius & 44.9 & 44.4 & 1.2 & 0.5 \\ Skirsnemune & 46.8 & 46.3 & 1.2 & 0.6 \\ Smalininkai & 14.2 & 14.2 & \textless{}0.1 & 0.0 \\ Simkačiai & 66.2 & 63.9 & 3.5 & 2.3 \\ Veliuona & 62.7 & 61.9 & 1.4 & 0.9 \\ Viesvile & 67.4 & 67.4 & 0.0 & 0.0 \\ Jurbarkas Distr. & 59.9 & 56.6 & 4.6 & 2.7 \\ \hline \multicolumn{5}{c}{1 st half of the 20 th century} \\ \hline Erzvilkas & 16.7 & 16.6 & 0.7 & 0.1 \\ Girdziai & 28.9 & 27.9 & 3.5 & 1.0 \\ Juodaičiai & 3.8 & 3.8 & - & - \\ Jurbarkai & 45.7 & 45.7 & - & - \\ Jurbarkas city & 12.3 & 12.3 & - & - \\ Raudone & 15.9 & 15.9 & - & - \\ Seredzius & 17.1 & 17.1 & - & - \\ Skirsnemune & 17.5 & 17.5 & - & - \\ Smalininkai & 22.4 & 22.4 & - & - \\ Simkačiai & 21.2 & 21.2 & - & - \\ Veliuona & 25.9 & 25.9 & - & - \\ Viesvile & 70.5 & 70.5 & - & - \\ Jurbarkas Distr. & 28.8 & 28.7 & 0.4 & 0.1 \\ \hline \multicolumn{5}{c}{2 nd half of the 20 th century} \\ \hline Erzvilkas & 22.3 & 22.3 & - & - \\ Girdziai & 29.5 & 29.5 & - & - \\ Juodaičiai & 17.6 & 17.6 & - & - \\ Jurbarkai & 51.1 & 51.0 & 0.2 & 0.1 \\ Jurbarkas city & 16.8 & 16.8 & - & - \\ Raudone & 23.4 & 23.4 & - & - \\ Seredzius & 31.5 & 31.5 & - & - \\ Skirsnemune & 19.0 & 19.0 & - & - \\ Smalininkai & 33.8 & 33.5 & 0.7 & 0.3 \\ Simkačiai & 25.7 & 25.7 & - & - \\ Veliuona & 33.2 & 33.2 & - & - \\ Viesvile & 76.4 & 76.3 & 0.1 & 0.1 \\ Jurbarkas Distr. & 35.0 & 34.9 & 0.1 & \textless{}0.1 \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 5: Areas of forest cover in the elderships during the period of the 2 nd half of the 19 th century as a percentage of the area of the elderships. Figure 10: Cont.