# Identification and Isolation Techniques for Plant Growth Inhibitors in Rice
## 6 Current Status, Existing Limitations, and Future Perspectives
### Future Perspectives  
The ongoing investigation of innovative techniques for the isolation and identification of PGIs in rice is driven by the rising economical and allelochemical effect value in rice. The evolution of chromatography and environmental consciousness are two significant factors in the development of these approaches. The combination and development of hybrid techniques should also be considered in order to achieve the highest efficiency in the isolation and identification PGIs in rice. In addition, the biosynthesis of phenolic allelochemicals can be regulated by modifying the genetic factors. Generating strong allelopathic plants containing high levels of phenolic allelechemicals could be considered a promising approach in the future. In addition, enhancing the interdisciplinary knowledge of soil, chemistry, ecology, genetics, molecular biology, and other subjects can help us to interpret the activities of phenolic allelechemicals in natural conditions.  
The information provided in this study could be employed to generate a helpful database for manufacturing natural herbicides with the use of artificial intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Things (IoT), which can help with efficient weed management and the development of smart and sustainable agriculture. In the future, comprehensive investigations should concentrate on the identification and isolation of PGIs in rice, as well as the description of these compounds' mechanisms and allelopathic effects in biological systems. As a result, PGIs derived from rice plants might be produced and applied on an industrial scale. Currently, despite the enormous potential of the application of these PGIs as natural herbicides, there are no phenolic allelechemicals that have been successfully and effectively developed on both commercial and industrial scales [61]. Therefore, prospective studies should carefully consider the feasibility of the application of PGIs in digital farming. A circular farming model should be studied based on both simulation and reality that will help us to obtain a comprehensive view and achieve this sustainable goal. In other words, selecting proper identification and isolation methods for target rice PGIs will be an important step in deciding the most suitable rice production model for different conditions, which helps to minimize the impact of weeds, reduce costs, and increase productivity while ensuring safety and sustainability.  
Conceptualization, T.D.X. and N.V.Q.; methodology, N.T.H.A., L.H.A. and N.V.Q.; validation, T.D.X., L.H.A. and N.V.Q.; formal analysis, N.T.H.A.; investigation, N.T.H.A., L.H.A., N.V.Q. and N.P.M.; resources, N.T.H.A., L.H.A. and N.V.Q.; data curation, L.H.A. and N.V.Q.; writing--original draft preparation, N.T.H.A. and L.H.A.; writing--review and editing, T.D.X., L.H.A., N.P.M. and N.V.Q.; visualization, T.D.X. and N.V.Q.; supervision, T.D.X. and N.V.Q. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
This research received no external funding.  
Not applicable.  
The authors declare no conflict of interest.