## 5 Simulation and Experimental Results
### Performance Analysis Concerning Malicious Activities  
In Figure 17, the energy efficiency of the proposed ECC-GA-PASR is calculated, and it is compared with the earlier works. From the figure, it is understood that due to the increase in malicious activities in the network, the efficiency is reduced. Hence, the proposed work provides high security and optimal RSU distribution in the high-speed VANETs; the achieved efficiency is higher than the earlier works. Figure 17: Energy Efficiency Calculation based on number of malicious vehicles. In Figure 18, the packet delivery ratio of the proposed ECC-GA-PASR is calculated, and it is compared with the earlier works. An increase in malicious activities reduces the packet delivery ratio of the methods used in this research, but the proposed ECC-GA-PASR achieved a high packet delivery ratio even in this scenario when compared with the earlier works that are mainly attained using the ECC-based authentication in the network. In Figure 19, the overhead of the proposed ECC-GA-PASR is calculated, and it is compared with the earlier works. From the figure, it is understood that due to the increase in malicious activities, the overhead of the network is increased. As a result of providing high security and optimization in the proposed ECC-GA-PASR, the production of overhead is comparatively low. In Figure 20, the packet loss of the proposed ECC-GA-PASR is calculated, and it is compared with the earlier works. The calculation of packet loss is increased due to the increase in the malicious activities in the network, but in the proposed ECC-GA-PASR, the  
Figure 19: Overhead Calculation based on number of malicious vehicles. Figure 18: Packet Delivery Ratio Calculation based on number of malicious vehicles. network is secured from the malicious activities through ECC-based authentication that greatly reduced the packet loss even with the increase in malicious activities in the network. Result Discussion Concerning Malicious Activities  
In this section, the results are discussed in terms of efficiency, packet delivery ratio, overhead, and packet loss with the increase in malicious vehicles. The performance analysis values of those parameters are shown in Table 9.  
According to the increase in malicious activities from 0 to 50 vehicles, the energy efficiency of the proposed ECC-GA-PASR varies from 99% to 95%, whereas earlier works such as S-AODV, ES-AODV, and ECC-ACO-AODV vary from 78% to 55%, from 81% to 60%, and from 92% to 83%, respectively. An increase in malicious vehicles affects the  
Figure 20: Packet Loss Calculation based on number of malicious vehicles. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Parameters** & **Malicious Vehicle** & **S-AODV** & **ES-AODV** & **ECC-ACO-AODV** & **ECC-GA-PASR** & **S-AODV** \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{Energy Efficiency (\%)} & 0 & 78.46 & 81.46 & 92.47 & 99.99 & 78.46 \\  & 10 & 72.48 & 79.17 & 90.47 & 98.45 & 72.48 \\  & 20 & 68.17 & 75.47 & 88.27 & 97.26 & 68.17 \\  & 30 & 65.17 & 71.25 & 87.26 & 97.13 & 65.17 \\  & 40 & 60.41 & 65.49 & 85.46 & 96.28 & 60.41 \\  & 50 & 55.23 & 60.28 & 83.74 & 95.34 & 55.23 \\  & 0 & 79.13 & 83.79 & 92.76 & 99.95 & 79.13 \\  & 10 & 75.46 & 79.17 & 88.26 & 98.46 & 75.46 \\ \multirow{4}{*}{Packet Delivery Ratio (\%)} & 20 & 68.24 & 75.23 & 87.49 & 98.12 & 68.24 \\  & 30 & 61.21 & 71.22 & 86.28 & 97.96 & 61.21 \\  & 40 & 52.76 & 68.29 & 85.74 & 97.21 & 52.76 \\  & 50 & 45.49 & 63.77 & 84.21 & 97.03 & 45.49 \\  & 0 & 1567 & 1056 & 754 & 43 & 1567 \\  & 10 & 2167 & 1536 & 965 & 102 & 2167 \\ Overhead(packets) & 20 & 2967 & 2134 & 1086 & 146 & 2967 \\  & 30 & 3867 & 2567 & 1524 & 168 & 3867 \\  & 40 & 4538 & 3289 & 1856 & 186 & 4538 \\  & 50 & 4937 & 3674 & 2286 & 209 & 4937 \\  & 0 & 156 & 102 & 56 & 23 & 156 \\  & 10 & 201 & 146 & 102 & 86 & 201 \\ Packet Loss(packets) & 20 & 286 & 206 & 143 & 91 & 286 \\  & 30 & 361 & 294 & 167 & 125 & 361 \\  & 40 & 412 & 356 & 186 & 154 & 412 \\  & 50 & 496 & 379 & 201 & 169 & 496 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}