# Seismic Resilience of CRC- vs. RC-Reinforced Buildings: A Long-Term Evaluation
###### Abstract  
Corrosion-induced degradation in concrete and reinforced concrete (RC) structures, often initiated within the first few decades of their lifespan, significantly challenges seismic resistance. While existing research tools can assess performance, they fall short in predicting changes in seismic resistance resulting from alterations in the core properties of RC structures. To bridge this gap, we introduce a numerical seismic resistance prediction method (SRPM) specifically designed to predict changes in the seismic resistance of structures, including those reinforced with carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP), known for its non-corrosive properties. This study utilizes classical models to estimate corrosiveness and employs these models alongside section strength predictions to gauge durability. The nonlinear static pushover analysis (FOA) model is implemented utilizing SAP-2000 and Response-2000 software. A comparative analysis between steel-reinforced and carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer concrete (CRC) structures reveals distinct differences in their seismic resistance over time. Notably, steel-reinforced structures experience a significant decrease in their ability to dissipate seismic energy, losing 54.4% of their capacity after 170 years. In contrast, CFRP-reinforced structures exhibit a much slower degradation rate, with only 25.5% reduction over the same period. The discrepancy demonstrates CFRP's superior durability and ability to maintain structural integrity in the face of seismic stresses. e +
Footnote †: journal: applied sciences  
and counteract the negative effects of corrosion on steel. In addition, [PERSON] et al. and [PERSON] [8; 15] highlighted the constant bond coefficient of concrete beams reinforced with CFRP bars compared to varying behaviors with steel bars, suggesting that alternative reinforcement such as with CFRP can enhance concrete strength. Recent research provided diverse insights into the effects of corrosion on the seismic performance of RC structures and the potential benefits of using fiber-reinforced polymers (FRPs) for structural enhancement. For instance, [PERSON] [16] evaluated the seismic performance of corroding RC bridge columns, while [PERSON] [15] provided insight into using FRPs to strengthen and enhance the performance of bridges. Additionally, [PERSON], [PERSON], and [PERSON] [17] explored seismic enhancing behaviors in variable RC frames strengthened with CFRP composites and further underscored the role of these materials in enhancing structural integrity. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [18] explored the effect of corrosion reinforcement in the compressive zone on reducing seismic resistance. The work of [PERSON] et al. [18] explored the negative phenomena associated with corrosion rates in RC structures. Several works investigated how corrosion affects the seismic response of existing RC structures, designed according to various standards; the results of this study could be used to improve capacity over the years. The work of [PERSON] et al. [18] used experimental data and a numerical model to predict the performance ratio differences in the seismic behavior of RC beams in an artificial corrosion environment. Furthermore, [PERSON], [PERSON], and [PERSON] [19] presented an analytical predictive model for the long-term bond performance of CFRP tendons in concrete. Finally, a study by [PERSON] et al. [9] examined the residual capacity after the attack of degradation phenomena and highlighted the negative impact of the corrosion on the seismic resistance of the tested structure. The work of [PERSON] et al. [20] examined the durability of FRP bars in an alkaline concrete environment over eight years, which resulted in essential insights into FRP durability under such conditions. Further insights were given by [PERSON] and [PERSON] [21], who developed a model to predict corrosion density and assess concrete performance.