## 3 Results  
Initially, 1519 articles were identified, which were analysed using Mendeley(r) software (451 from Science Direct(r), 27 from PubMed(r), 1 from Web of Science(tm), and 1040 from Google Scholar(r)). Prior to sorting, 218 duplicate reading units were removed. After reading the title and abstract, 1233 articles were eliminated for not meeting the established criteria after reading them in full. Of the remaining 68 articles, 60 were eliminated for the following reasons: reports not retrieved (n = 1), type of study (n = 9), study population (n = 7) and no clinical context present (n = 43). The remaining eight articles were included in the review (Figure 1). After applying the eligibility criteria, this review included eight studies, with one published in Spanish and seven published in English, between 2011 and 2021: 2 in 2011 [28; 29], 2 in 2012 [30; 31], 1 in 2013 [17], 1 in 2018 [20], 1 in 2020 [33], and 1 in 2021 [32]. As for the type of study, two are observational aiming to investigate the inter-rater reliability between two scaled instruments [29] and to evaluate a new portable toolkit [20]; two are test-retest studies aiming to investigate the intra-rater reliability between two scaled instruments [28] and to determine the effect of pain and contracture presence on the reliability of a scaled instrument [30]; one quasi-experimental study was developed to perform a functional assessment of therapeutic results in patients [31]; and three are experimental studies aiming to establish the construct validity of using a wearable sensor system [17] to determine the responsiveness of the tonic stretch reflex threshold (TSRT) and the precision of the MSM device [32] as well as the severity of elbow spasticity [33]. All studies included males and females [17; 20; 28; 29; 30; 31; 32; 33], and 7 of the studies included mostly males [17; 20; 29; 30; 31; 32; 33]. Participants mean age ranged from 37.3 years [28] to 77.8 years [33]. The CNS disorders identified included stroke sequelae (n = 7) [20; 28; 29; 30; 31; 32; 33], multiple sclerosis (n = 4) [17; 20; 28; 30], spinal cord injury (n = 4) [17; 20; 31; 33], cerebral palsy (n = 2) [17; 20], tumour sequelae (n = 2) [30; 31], and traumatic brain injury (n = 3) [17; 30; 31]. Figure 1: Flow diagram for the scoping review process adapted from the PRISMA-ScR statement [37]. For the eight included studies, the identified clinical instruments to measure tone changes included the Modified Ashworth Scale (n = 5) [17; 20; 29; 31; 33] to assess spatiicity (n = 4) [17; 29; 31; 33] and muscle tone (n = 1) [20]; the Modified Modified Ashworth Scale for assessing spasticity (n = 3) [28; 29; 30]; the BioTone\({}^{m}\) system (n = 2) to access EMG activity [17; 20]; the Montreal Spasticity Measurement (n = 1) for accessing spasticity [32]; and the Adductors Tone Rating Scale (n = 1) to access muscle tone [31]. Different body segments were considered for tone assessment by the majority of the included studies (n = 6) [17; 28; 29; 30; 32; 33]. One study assessed muscle tone at the elbow and knee [20], while another accessed spasticity and tone in the hip adductors [31]. Regarding the test procedures used during tone evaluation, the seven studies [17; 20; 28; 29; 31; 33] that used the MAS or MMAS as measurement tools considered the methods described for MAS administration. For that reason, patients were positioned in supine position, and the procedure was repeated by the physiotherap three times. The patient was placed in the side-lying position to apply the MMAS one study [28] according to its indications, specifically to evaluate the knee joint. For seven studies [17; 20; 28; 29; 31; 33], each repetition occurred over 1 s, with the physiotherapi counting \"one-thousand-and-one\" while passively and rapidly moving the joint under study. In two studies [17; 20], during MAS or MMAS application, EMG signals were also collected to ensure the presence of variations in muscle activity. Thus, all MAS or MMAS test procedures were performed during the acquisition.