## 3 General Findings
### Key Findings Addressing the Research Questions
#### 3.2.2 Identified Determinants for the BIS Adoption and Acceptance
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Determinants** & **Category** & **Frequency** & **Rank** \\ \hline User training & OC & 1 & 11 \\ Distribution of power & OC & 1 & 11 \\ Awareness & IC & 1 & 11 \\ User interface & OC & 1 & 11 \\ Focus on the customer & OC & 1 & 11 \\ User participation in implementation & IC & 1 & 11 \\ Information culture & OC & 1 & 11 \\ Job relevance & OC & 1 & 11 \\ Change management & OC & 1 & 11 \\ IT infrastructure & OC & 1 & 11 \\ Personal capabilities & IC & 1 & 11 \\ Organizational transformation & OC & 1 & 11 \\ Consistency & OC & 1 & 11 \\ Organization implementation intention & OC & 1 & 11 \\ External technology support infrastructure & IC & 1 & 11 \\ Market structure & IC & 1 & 11 \\ Decision confidence & IC & 1 & 11 \\ Perceived tangible benefits & IC & 1 & 11 \\ Organizational learning climate & OC & 1 & 11 \\ Voluntrainess of use & IC & 1 & 11 \\ behavioral intention to use & IC & 1 & 11 \\ Industry characteristics & IC & 1 & 11 \\ Gender & IC & 1 & 11 \\ Experience & IC & 1 & 11 \\ Stakeholder Support & EC & 1 & 11 \\ Strong business focus \& ownership & OC & 1 & 11 \\ Executive buy-in \& involvement & OC & 1 & 11 \\ Organizational legitimacy & OC & 1 & 11 \\ Technology familiarity & TC & 1 & 11 \\ Quantitative skills & OC & 1 & 11 \\ Formal and informal structure & TC & 1 & 11 \\ Technological characteristics & OC & 1 & 11 \\ linkage communication processes & OC & 1 & 11 \\ Age & EC & 1 & 11 \\ Individual adoption intention & EC & 1 & 11 \\ Perceived cost & EC & 1 & 11 \\ Perception of strategic values & TC & 1 & 11 \\ Managers’ involvement & OC & 1 & 11 \\ Decision timeliness & TC & 1 & 11 \\ Perceived intangible benefits & TC & 1 & 11 \\ Performance expectancy & TC & 1 & 11 \\ Consumers’ pressure & EC & 1 & 11 \\ Risk management & OC & 1 & 11 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} Note: IC: Individual Context; Technology Context; OC: Organization Context; EC: Environment Context.  
\end{table} 
Table 6: _Cont._All determinants are ranked by their frequency of use. A determinant with higher frequency generally implied higher consideration by practitioners and scholars. Each determinant is also given a specific category code that would indicate its classification. To exhibit the specific range of each determinant and how we calculate the frequency in the coding process, we assigned the general definition and used some common keywords for data analysis. The examples and definitions gave initial understanding of these determinants. For instance, the organization size, relative advantage, complexity, competitive pressure, compatibility and cost are ranked high in Table 6 and followed by compatibility, trialability, perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, normative beliefs, control beliefs and behavior beliefs considered low with frequency of 4 and 3. Some determinants are ranked lowest with frequency 2 and 1. The determinants with lowest ranks show that they did not play a significant role in the adoption and acceptance process of BIS at individual level or organizational level. Whenever, organization size, top management support, organizational readiness, and presence of champion are considered significant in the context of organizational determinants. Only competitive pressure determinant is ranked high in the perspective of environmental determinants. Some other environmental determinants have scored better rank such as regulatory body, social influence, market trend, rival's absorptive capacity but ranked low as compared to the technological and organizational determinants. It is indicated that unlike other technological and organizational determinants, environmental and individual determinants were given less attention by researchers and practitioners for the BIS adoption and acceptance.