## 2 Materials and Methods
### Observation Network and Geodetic Measurements  
As previously mentioned, in order to compare the theoretical values of inclinations calculated by [PERSON]'s model with their real measured values, an observation network was established near nine objects (eight residential buildings numbered from B1 to B8 and one garage marked with the G letter), on which appropriate geodetic measurements were made. The residential buildings are single-family houses that usually have two floors (a ground floor and an aboveground floor), and their heights did not exceed 10 m. The horizontal projections of the buildings have the shapes of squares and rectangles with dimensions not exceeding 21 m \(\times\) 15 m. Most of the objects have a wall-bearing structure, with ceilings made of concrete with steel girders. The walls are made of bricks or ceramic hollow bricks. The walls have a thickness from 0.22 m to 0.48 m. The buildings' roofs serve as the ceilings, gables, or envelope roofs and are covered by bitumen felt layers or metal and ceramic roof tiles. The single garage is located near building no. 3 (B3) and has dimensions of \(5.80\) m \(\times\) 10.35 m \(\times\) 3.85 m (length \(\times\) width \(\times\) height). It is a three-car garage made of bricks. Pictures of the specific buildings are presented in Figure 4.  
Figure 4: _Cont._The observation network consisted of 51 measurement points stabilized in the ground (marked in brown with the \(z\) letter) using metal pins (marked with the letter \(p\)), nails (marked with the letter \(g\)), or wooden pickets (marked with the letter \(d\)), as shown in Figure 5.  
Figure 4: Nearby observation network: (**a**) building 1—B1 (view from the south); (**b**) building 2—B2 (view from the east); (**c**) building 3—B3 (view from the east); (**d**) garage—G (view from the east); (**e**) building 4—B4 (view from the east); (**f**) building 5—B5 (view from the southeast); (**g**) building 6—B6 (view from the east); (**h**) building 7—B7 (view from the south); (**i**) building 8—B8 (view from the south) (source: own study). The methods of stabilizing the measurement points depended on the type of surface (asphalt--a metal pin 7.5 cm long, the 10 LK model (Figure 6a); paving stones--a nail 10 cm long, the 10 ZSO model (Figure 6b); lawn--a wooden picket 35 cm long (Figure 6c)). Situational and altitude geodetic surveys after stabilization of measurement points were conducted. Situational measurements took place on 2 March 2019 and were carried out by use of the GNSS receiver and the RTN (real-time network) method (Figure 7a). This method consists in sending correction data from several surrounding physical reference stations with known positions determined with the PL-ETRF2000 coordinate system. After receiving the approximate position of the GNSS receiver via the NMEA GGA message, the computing system creates a virtual reference station near the receiver for which the VRS surface corrections are calculated. They are then sent as if they came from a single reference station as in the RTK method (real-time kinematic). During the surveys, a Trimble R8s dual-frequency receiver with a TSC3 controller and a network of permanent stations forming the ASG-EUPOS system (exactly four stations: TAR1, KATO, WOD1, and ZYWI) were used. Data were transmitted in real time via the Internet and port 8080 (corrections RTCM 166, 161, 164, and 165, respectively). The measurements were performed in the vicinity of at least 6 satellites included in the GPS and GLONASS systems, whose orbits were at least 19\({}^{\circ}\) above the horizon line. The receiver initialization took over 60 s, a single measurement of a particular picket lasted an average of 4 s in 5 intervals of 10 s.  
Figure 5: Markings of nine objects (B1–B8 and G) and 51 measurement points (colored in brown) near them (source: own study). Figure 6: The methods of stabilizing the measurement points: (**a**) metal pin; (**b**) nail; (**c**) wooden picket (source: own study).