# The Security Perspectives of Vehicular Networks: A Taxonomical Analysis of Attacks and Solutions
## 3 Classification of Attacks in VANETs
### Classification Based on VANET Layers
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l l} \hline \hline
**Attacked Layer** & **Types of Attack** & **Reference(s)** \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{Transport layer} & DoS and DDoS attack & [PERSON] et al. (2014) [52], [PERSON] et al. (2012) [53], [PERSON] et al. (2014) [74] \\ \cline{2-3}  & Replay attack & [PERSON] et al. (2018) [48], [PERSON] et al. (2019) [49] \\ \cline{2-3}  & Tunnel attacks & [PERSON] et al. (2019) [63] \\ \cline{2-3}  & Man in the middle attack & [PERSON] et al. (2018) [42], [PERSON] et al. (2012) [43] \\ \cline{2-3}  & Message tampering & [PERSON] and [PERSON] (2019) [50] \\ \cline{2-3}  & Session hijacking attack & [PERSON] et al. (2017) [55] \\ \cline{2-3}  & Sybil attack & [PERSON] et al. (2015) [61], [PERSON]. (2002) [62] \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{Network layer} & Location disclosure & [PERSON] et al. (2018) [76] \\ \cline{2-3}  & Packet dropping & [PERSON] et al. (2018) [76] \\ \cline{2-3}  & Flooding attack & [PERSON] et al. (2012) [54] \\ \cline{2-3}  & Replay attack & [PERSON] et al. (2018) [48], [PERSON] et al. (2019) [49] \\ \cline{2-3}  & DoS and DDoS attack & [PERSON] et al. (2014) [52], [PERSON] et al. (2012) [53], [PERSON] et al. (2014) [74] \\ \cline{2-3}  & Message tampering & [PERSON] and [PERSON] (2019) [50] \\ \cline{2-3}  & Sybil attack & [PERSON] et al. (2015) [61], [PERSON]. (2002) [62] \\ \cline{2-3}  & Wormhole & [PERSON] et al. (2007) [59] \\ \cline{2-3}  & Blackhole attack & [PERSON] and [PERSON] (2013) [58] \\ \cline{2-3}  & Routing attack & [PERSON] et al. (2003) [77] \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{LLC Layer and MAC layer} & DoS and DDoS attack & [PERSON] et al. (2014) [52], [PERSON] et al. (2012) [53], [PERSON] et al. (2014) [74] \\ \cline{2-3}  & Illusion attacks & [PERSON] and [PERSON] (2007) [51] \\ \cline{2-3}  & Signal jamming attack & [PERSON] and [PERSON] (2018) [78] \\ \cline{2-3}  & Replay attack & [PERSON] et al. (2018) [48], [PERSON] et al. (2019) [49] \\ \cline{2-3}  & Impersonation attacks & [PERSON] et al. (2014) [75] \\ \cline{2-3}  & Message tampering & [PERSON] and [PERSON] (2019) [50] \\ \cline{2-3}  & Sybil attack & [PERSON] et al. (2015) [61], [PERSON]. (2002) [62] \\ \cline{2-3}  & Collision attack & [PERSON] (2018) [79], [PERSON] et al. (2016) [80] \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{Physical layer} & DoS and DDoS attack & [PERSON] et al. (2014) [52], [PERSON] et al. (2012) [53], [PERSON] et al. (2014) [74] \\ \cline{2-3}  & GPS spoofing attack & [PERSON] et al. (2020) [41] \\ \cline{2-3}  & Jamming attack & [PERSON] et al. (2017) [55], [PERSON] et al. (2014) [56] \\ \cline{2-3}  & Message tampering & [PERSON] and [PERSON] (2019) [50] \\ \cline{2-3}  & Passive eavesdropping & [PERSON] et al. (2019) [46] \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: _Cont._ \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**Type of Attack** & **Attack Layer** \\ \hline \multicolumn{2}{c}{DoS and DDoS} & All layers \\ \hline \multicolumn{2}{c}{Message tampering} & All layers \\ \hline \multicolumn{2}{c}{Impersonation attack} & Application, MAC \\ \hline \multicolumn{2}{c}{Repudiation attack} & Application \\ \hline \multicolumn{2}{c}{Replay attack} & Application, transport, network, MAC \\ \hline \multicolumn{2}{c}{Illusion attacks} & Application, MAC \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Specific and common attacks on VANET layers.