## 3 Results and Discussion
### Melon Fruit Traits
According to their findings, treatments using fish water and foliar supplements increased fruit size and weight but decreased pulp lightness and had lower levels of total amino acids, proteins, nitrate, and potassium ion. [PERSON] et al. [19] also reported that the increase in lightness and yellowness in melon pulp was influenced by a higher supply of nitrogen fertilizer. The quality of melon fruits depends on multiple factors such as variety, pollination, soil property, irrigation, fertilizer management, and growing season [20]. Herein, the utilization of _Azolla_ as growing medium component is successful for melon production, especially the treatment of fermented and fresh _Azolla_. Both _Azolla_ treatments provide a higher percentage of organic matter (78.65 and 84.66%), nitrogen (5.15 and 6.32%), and calcium (2.15 and 1.93%), than the treatment of dried _Azolla_. An organic matter release from _Azolla_ promotes the growth and fruit quality of melons due to enhancing of pH and nutrient level in growing media [21]. Organic matter accounts for 50-90% of cation absorbing power, which improves the availability of plant nutrients especially potassium, calcium, magnesium, and other cation forms. It is a major indigenous source of available nitrogen, phosphorus, and some among of sulfur. Organic matter also functions as pH buffering capacity, which controls the fluctuation of pH [22]. Nitrogen and calcium play an important role in melon cultivation since both affect yield and fruit size, as well as texture and sugar content [14]. Moreover, _Azolla_ has the ability to provide some micronutrients to plant. Several micronutrients (B, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, and Zn) are associated with fruit quality traits essential find cracking incident. The lack of these nutrients is resulting in a reduction in fruit quality [23]. There are a few studies related to the use of _Azolla_ as growing media in plants. According to [PERSON] et al. [10], they used the quantity of _Azolla_ at 0, 25, 50, and 100% as a growing medium component in the nursery production of olive trees. They reported that a quantity of 50% _Azolla_ was suitable for growing the olive tree because it displayed the best total biomass production and linear growth. This study is the first report on the use of _Azolla_ as a growing medium component of melon production. The results from this study might be used as basic information. The use of _Azolla_ in combination with various fertilizer levels or other crops is needed for further research. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Fruit Traits** & **MSTr** & **MSE** & **CV (\%)** \\ \hline Fruit weight (kg) & 0.54 ** & 0.04 & 13.34 \\ Fruit height (cm) & 4.23 ** & 0.79 & 5.87 \\ Fruit perimeter (cm) & 7.45 ** & 1.06 & 6.96 \\ Rind thickness (cm) & 0.24 ** & 0.03 & 20.42 \\ Pulp thickness (cm) & 1.19 ** & 0.26 & 17.32 \\ Fruit cavity (cm) & 1.80 ** & 0.20 & 7.92 \\ Pulp firmness (N) & 0.02 ** & 0.01 & 31.86 \\ Lightness (\(L^{*}\)) & 34.06 ** & 11.44 & 4.69 \\ Redness (\(a^{*}\)) & 10.53 ** & 4.98 & 29.11 \\ Yellowness (\(b^{*}\)) & 47.01 ** & 36.47 & 15.16 \\ Color appearance (_Hue_) & 2.21 ** & 1.72 & 3.58 \\ Color saturation (\(c^{*}\)) & 54.00 ** & 39.60 & 15.50 \\ Total soluble solid (\({}^{*}\)Brix) & 10.59 ** & 2.14 & 14.03 \\ Juice electrical conductivity (\(\mu\)S/cm) & 763.548 ** & 318,938 & 9.78 \\ Juice pH & 0.03 ** & 0.02 & 2.10 \\ Juice tittatable acidity (\%) & 0.01 ** & 0.00 & 16.95 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Analysis of variance of fruit traits of melons grown under different _Azolla_ treatments.