## 2 Results and Discussion
### Spectrophotometric Analysis of Lyophilized Extract and Deterpenated Material  
The two hydrodistillation by-products, namely the water and plant biomass remaining in the round flask, were recovered separately and treated to obtain the lyophilized extracts (LE) and the dried deterpenated material (DM), as reported in Sections 3.3 and 3.5.1, respectively. LE and DM, obtained from the nine commercial varieties, were analyzed for their polyphenols and flavonoids content, and also for their antioxidant activity, in order to evaluate their possible reuse in pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and cosmeceutical applications. In this regard, Table 5 shows the results of the spectrophotometric assays performed on the LE. The lowest and highest polyphenols and flavonoids contents were recorded in Fresh Mountain and Lemon Conti Kush New, respectively (between 40.4 and 72.2 mg of gallic acid equivalents (GAE) per g of dry extract (DE) for TPC, and from 18.2 to 46.3 mg of rutin equivalents (RE)/g DE for TFC). Moreover, the DPPH radical scavenging activity of LE varied from 90.3 to 143.0 mg of trolox equivalents (TE)/g DE in Fresh Mountain and Venom OG, respectively. As regards the studies on the antioxidant capacity \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Variety** & & & & **Eant. \%** & & \\ \hline  & **\(\alpha\)-Pinene** & **\(\beta\)-Pinene** & **Limonene** & **Linalool** & **(\(E\))-Caryophyllene** & **Caryophyllene Oxide** \\  & **(\(-\)):(+)** & **(+):(-)** & **(\(-\)):(+)** & **(\(-\)):(+)** & **(+):(-)** & **(+):(-)** \\ \hline
**White Shark** & 11.6:88.4 & 70.9:29.1 & 93.56.5 & 8.4:91.6 & 0.100 & 0.100 \\
**Lemon Conti Kush New** & 4.9:95.1 & 78.4:21.6 & 92.47.6 & 6.9:93.1 & 0.100 & 0.100 \\
**Lemon Conti Kush New** & 3.2:9.6 & 66.4:33.6 & 91.48.6 & 34.8:65.2 & 0.100 & 0.100 \\
**Pablito** & 1.6:98.5 & 84.81:52 & 90.49.6 & 12.38:7.7 & 0.100 & 0.100 \\
**Fresh Mountain** & 7.8:92.2 & 74.6:25.4 & 93.07.0 & 0.100 & 0.100 & 0.100 \\
**Amnesia Cookies** & 2.9:97.1 & 88.6:11.4 & 74.12:5.9 & 28.27:1.8 & 0.100 & 0.100 \\
**24 K** & 7.0:93.0 & 0:100 & 97.4:2.6 & 2.89:97.2 & 0.100 & 0.100 \\
**Venom OG** & 4.6:95.4 & 81.0:19.0 & 87.9:12.1 & 0.100 & 0.100 & 0.100 \\
**Gorilla Glue** & 7.9:92.1 & 0:100 & 97.4:2.6 & 0.100 & 0.100 & 0.100 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Chiral GC-MS analysis results for the 9 commercial varieties EOs. of EU-approved hemp water extracts, [PERSON] et al. [50] found TPC, TFC, and DPPH values of 21.2 mg GAE/gextract, 7.1 mg RE/gextract and 14.9 mg TE/gextract, respectively, for Futura 75 freeze-dried aqueous extract. As another example, a TPC value of around 55.0 mg GAE/gextract was detected by [PERSON] et al. [51] in the lyophilized extract obtained from the residual water after Monica hemp EO distillation. Notably, the TPC, TFC, and DPPH levels of all the nine varieties of the present study were much higher than those found by [PERSON] et al. [50]. The TPC values for only Fresh Mountain and Lemon Conti Kush LE were lower than those found by [PERSON] et al. [51], as well. Interestingly, the TPC and TFC levels for the LE obtained from all the investigated hemp varieties (apart from Fresh Mountain) were significantly above those ascribed to aqueous extracts of mulberry fruits (39.6 and 18.5 mg GAE/gextract for TPC and TFC, respectively), which are well recognized and valorized for their antioxidant capacity [52]. As expected, due to the high-water solubility of these compounds, the polyphenols and flavonoids levels and the antioxidant activity in DM (Table 6) were lower than those belonging to LE. Nevertheless, DM could still represent potential sources of phenolic constituents, responsible for preventing the damaging effects of oxidation. The TPC values were in the range of 15.5-23.9 mg GAE per g of dry hemp (DW), reaching the minimum and maximum in Lemon Conti Kush and Venom OG DM, respectively.