# Synergies and Potential of Industry 4.0 and Automated Vehicles in Smart City Infrastructure
## 3 Results
### Synergies and Potential between Industry 4.0 and Smart Cities  
Industry 4.0 and the smart cities concept are initiatives that are shaping modern cities and their economies. Their synergy brings significant opportunities for innovation, efficiency, and sustainability in the urban environment, but they also bring various challenges, for example, in the form of personal data protection and liability for damage in the field of the Internet of Things [70]. The core elements of Industry 4.0 are smart manufacturing and smart logistics. These two elements enable the transformation of smart cities into mature cities. These developments bring new opportunities to optimize and speed up production processes and logistics operations, enable better control of the production process, and increase overall efficiency and adaptability to change. Thanks to these technologies, it is possible to fully automate the production process through robots and automated systems that can perform a myriad of operations with minimal human intervention, increasing accuracy and overall productivity. Robots have sensors, IoT devices, and analytics tools installed in them. The data collected from these sensors provides us with important information about equipment performance, quality, and status, enabling rapid response to potential problems and optimization of manufacturing operations. Integrating these smart technologies into the manufacturing process provides us with tracking, control, and optimization of the flow of materials and products, and at the same time, within smart cities, it is also possible to optimize the quantity of goods and other products delivered based on demand. It is, therefore, possible to forecast demand, minimize inventories, and optimize supply, leading to lower costs and greater efficiency. As machines operate not only in factories but also in ordinary cities (e.g., waste treatment machines, city lighting, etc. ), these sensors can help cities to diagnose early, detect faults, eliminate defects, and optimize resource use. For example, sensors in garbage bins can indicate how full the bin is and then adjust waste import/export accordingly. This increases the efficiency of waste collection and is also more environmentally friendly, as garbage pickup will not have to drive to bins that are empty. Also inextricably linked to Industry 4.0 is the concept of predictive maintenance, which makes it possible to anticipate and prevent equipment failures by analyzing data and monitoring their condition. With take-it-or-leave-it maintenance, production down-time, and unplanned repairs can be minimized, reducing operating costs and increasing equipment availability, whether in factories or smart cities [71]. As the authors stated about autonomous vehicles, they contribute to a more sustainable environment in the context of smart cities; the same is true for the integration of Industry 4.0 into smart cities. Industry 4.0 brings higher levels of energy efficiency and sustainability to smart cities, which ultimately minimize environmental impact. Industry 4.0 brings new technological tools and innovations to smart cities, giving them the ability to use available resources efficiently. The digital transformation in industry makes it possible to optimize processes and minimize energy losses, and this energy optimization can be applied equally in smart cities. Intelligent control systems and analytical tools help to identify areas where energy efficiency can be improved and energy consumption reduced. Industry 4.0 technologies enable smart cities to monitor emissions and environmental indicators in real time and, therefore, enable smart cities to better manage their energy systems. Smart cities are also trying to shift the focus of their activities and maximize their consumption of renewable energy sources. Industry 4.0 is very important in this respect as it supports the development of new technologies such as solar panels, wind turbines, and batteries for energy storage.