## 2 Materials and Methods
### Input Data  
The future climate conditions were prepared using the results from climate simulations calculated for the EURO-CORDEX [33] project for climate projections according to the 5 th Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (hereafter AR5 IPCC, [[https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5](https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5)]([https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5](https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5)), access on 12 December 2023). The results of the \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c} \hline \hline
**City** & **Latitude** & **Longitude** \\ \hline Czestochowa & \(50.8110^{\circ}\) N & \(19.1207^{\circ}\) E \\ Dabrowa Gornicza & \(50.3328^{\circ}\) N & \(19.2241^{\circ}\) E \\ Elblag & \(54.1534^{\circ}\) N & \(19.4085^{\circ}\) E \\ Gdansk & \(54.3520^{\circ}\) N & \(18.6466^{\circ}\) E \\ Gdynia & \(54.5189^{\circ}\) N & \(18.5305^{\circ}\) E \\ Gliwice & \(50.2946^{\circ}\) N & \(18.6718^{\circ}\) E \\ Gorzow Wielkopolski & \(52.7320^{\circ}\) N & \(15.2431^{\circ}\) E \\ Grudziadz & \(53.4840^{\circ}\) N & \(18.7539^{\circ}\) E \\ Jaworzno & \(50.2104^{\circ}\) N & \(19.2729^{\circ}\) E \\ Kalisz & \(51.7617^{\circ}\) N & \(18.0919^{\circ}\) E \\ Katowice & \(50.2649^{\circ}\) N & \(19.0238^{\circ}\) E \\ Kielce & \(50.8703^{\circ}\) N & \(20.6275^{\circ}\) E \\ Krakow & \(50.0647^{\circ}\) N & \(19.9450^{\circ}\) E \\ Legnica & \(51.2108^{\circ}\) N & \(16.1615^{\circ}\) E \\ Lodz & \(51.7592^{\circ}\) N & \(19.4550^{\circ}\) E \\ Lublin & \(51.2465^{\circ}\) N & \(22.5684^{\circ}\) E \\ Myslowice & \(50.2422^{\circ}\) N & \(19.1370^{\circ}\) E \\ Olsztyn & \(53.7784^{\circ}\) N & \(20.4801^{\circ}\) E \\ Opole & \(50.6710^{\circ}\) N & \(17.9266^{\circ}\) E \\ Plock & \(52.5461^{\circ}\) N & \(19.7060^{\circ}\) E \\ Poznan & \(52.4080^{\circ}\) N & \(16.9334^{\circ}\) E \\ Radom & \(51.4027^{\circ}\) N & \(21.1471^{\circ}\) E \\ Ruda Slaska & \(50.2599^{\circ}\) N & \(18.8624^{\circ}\) E \\ Rybnik & \(50.0979^{\circ}\) N & \(18.5416^{\circ}\) E \\ Rzeszow & \(50.0412^{\circ}\) N & \(21.9991^{\circ}\) E \\ Siemienowice Slaskie & \(50.3163^{\circ}\) N & \(19.0239^{\circ}\) E \\ Slupsk & \(54.4641^{\circ}\) N & \(17.0282^{\circ}\) E \\ Sopot & \(54.4419^{\circ}\) N & \(18.5601^{\circ}\) E \\ Sosnowiec & \(50.2866^{\circ}\) N & \(19.1044^{\circ}\) E \\ Szczecin & \(53.4285^{\circ}\) N & \(14.5528^{\circ}\) E \\ Tarmow & \(50.0138^{\circ}\) N & \(20.9688^{\circ}\) E \\ Torun & \(53.0138^{\circ}\) N & \(18.5984^{\circ}\) E \\ Tychy & \(50.1303^{\circ}\) N & \(18.9664^{\circ}\) E \\ Walbrzych & \(50.7714^{\circ}\) N & \(16.2843^{\circ}\) E \\ Wloclawek & \(52.6481^{\circ}\) N & \(19.0678^{\circ}\) E \\ Wroclaw & \(51.1079^{\circ}\) N & \(17.0385^{\circ}\) E \\ Zabrze & \(50.3169^{\circ}\) N & \(18.7858^{\circ}\) E \\ Zielona Gora & \(51.9356^{\circ}\) N & \(15.5064^{\circ}\) E \\ Belchatow & \(51.3608^{\circ}\) N & \(19.3622^{\circ}\) E \\ Nowy Sacz & \(49.6251^{\circ}\) N & \(20.7150^{\circ}\) E \\ Ostroleka & \(53.0921^{\circ}\) N & \(21.5737^{\circ}\) E \\ Siedlce & \(52.1679^{\circ}\) N & \(22.2900^{\circ}\) E \\ Tomaszow Mazowiecki & \(51.5293^{\circ}\) N & \(20.0167^{\circ}\) E \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: _Cont._available simulations of Regional Climate Models for the entire European domain on a regular grid with a resolution of 0.11\({}^{\circ}\) (approx. 12.5 km) were used. Climate model results were evaluated using two potential paths of change in radiative forcing: RCP4.5 and RCP8.5. These scenarios depict the possible trajectories of atmospheric greenhouse gas concentration rates over time and allow us to account for the uncertainty in climate assessments. The full list of models is presented in Table 2.  
The observations provided by the Institute of Meteorology and Water Management for the implementation of projects were used as reference data for the current climate. For each observation location and EURO-CORDEX model, a statistical correction was performed using the quantile mapping method to reduce systematic errors.