esa-sceva/satcom-chunk-collection huggingface dataset:
## 3 Results and Discussion
### Characteristic of GE-EP@OIMs
#### 3.1.2 FT-IR Analysis  
Figure 5 presents the FT-IR results of OIM, GE-EP, and GE-EP@OIMs. It can be observed that the broad infrared absorption peak at 3440 cm\({}^{-1}\) is associated with the antisymmetric stretching vibration of the \(-\)NH\({}_{2}\) group present in OIMs, GE-EP, and GE-EP@OIMs [24]. The weak infrared absorption peaks at 2923 cm\({}^{-1}\) and 2861 cm\({}^{-1}\) correspond, respectively, to the asymmetric and symmetric stretching vibrations of -CH\({}_{2}\), signifying the presence of longer alkyl chains in OIM, GE-EP, and GE-EP@OIMs (in accordance with the findings of [25]. All three substances manifest an infrared absorption peak at 1642 cm\({}^{-1}\). In the case of OIMs, this peak is principally ascribed to the C=N bond within the five-membered ring and the C=C double bond vibration in the hydrophobic tail as per [25]. For GE-EP, the peak is predominantly due to the C=O bond and the C=C bond in the gelatin, as well as the C=C bond in the aromatic ring of the binder, bisphenol A water-based epoxy resin. The absorption peaks of GE-EP and GE-EP@OIMs at 1108 cm\({}^{-1}\) are associated with the stretching vibration of the C\(-\)O\(-\)C functional group within the carrier. Additionally, OIMs exhibit the CO\({}_{2}\) antisymmetric stretching vibration peak at 2350 cm\({}^{-1}\). The peak at 1550 cm\({}^{-1}\) corresponds to the C\(-\)N stretching vibration in the amine ethyl group of the side chain of OIMs. The peak at 1457 cm\({}^{-1}\) is attributable to the C\(-\)N bond stretching vibration in the imidazole ring of OIMs, which represents a characteristic peak of OIMs. This peak is exclusive to OIMs and GE-EP@OIMs, thereby indicating the successful loading of OIMs onto GE-EP within the solid corrosion inhibitor. The peak intensity in GE-EP@OIMs is markedly lower than that in OIMs, which might be attributed to the encapsulation of OIMs by GE-EP (as proposed by [26]).
## 2 Materials and Methods
### Procedures  
#### 2.2.1 Data Collection Procedures  
All experiments were conducted in the Sports Biomechanics Laboratory of the Institute of Grand Health, Ningbo University. Before the experiment, all subjects wore tight basketball shorts, and their height and weight were measured. The subjects were informed of the experimental process. The knee brace was worn in the order of no-stiffness, low-stiffness, and high-stiffness. The stiffness of the knee brace was adjusted using the flat springs built into the design. This brand of knee brace features four detachable springs (Figure 1b). When no stiffness is required, no springs are inserted; for low stiffness, two springs are used; and for high stiffness, all four springs are inserted. The springs were positioned in alignment with the wearing direction of the knee brace and provided support through controlled bending deformation. It was used to collect 38 reflective markers attached to the subject [22].  
First, the subjects warmed up for 10 min at their own speed. Then, dynamic stretching was performed. Each subject was fully familiar with the stop-and-go jump shot. When collecting biomechanical data, the subject first stepped the pivot leg onto the force plate, and then the other limb stepped onto the force plate. The pivot leg was the limb on the opposite side of the dominant leg [23]. The subject's push-off height was determined to be 1.15 times the subject's height [24] (Figure 1a). The jumping height was determined by a retractable pole, and the subject needs to jump to the height marked by the bell. The action was considered successful when the subject's central leg fully contacted the force platform and reached the specified jump height. Each subject had to complete five valid trials while wearing a knee brace of different stiffness. To minimize the impact of fatigue on the experimental data, a 5 min rest period was provided between each set of tests.  
The action data were recorded using a Vicon 3D motion capture system consisting of 10 infrared cameras (Vicon Metrics Ltd., 10 MX-T20 cameras, Oxford, UK, frequency = 200 Hz). Simultaneously, a Kistler three-dimensional ground force plate (Kistler, Winterthur, Switzerland) was used to collect GRFs in three different directions with a sampling frequency of 1000 Hz [25].  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Number** & **Age/Year** & **Height/cm** & **Weight/kg** & **BMI** \\ \hline
66 & 22.4 \(\pm\) 1.5 & 168.8 \(\pm\) 5.6 & 62.05 \(\pm\) 9.1 & 21.71 \(\pm\) 2.46 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 1: Basic information of the subjects.
## 2 Study Area and Materials
### Method  
In recent years, vegetation changes have dominated ecological research in the Xizang region of China. The original RSEI (remote sensing ecological index) [6] only used vegetation indices (VI) to represent vegetation. However, in this study, considering the extremely limited ecological carrying capacity and increased sensitivity to greenhouse effects in the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, detecting short-term vegetation changes becomes particularly important [32; 33]. Therefore, this study incorporates the leaf area index (LAI), which re  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Index** & **Product** & **Spatial Resolution (m)** & **Time Resolution (d)** & **Time** \\ \hline NDVI/FVC & MOD13Q1 & 250 & 16 & 2012–2020 \\ LAI & MCD15A3H & 500 & 8 & 2012–2020 \\ GPP & MOD17A2H & 500 & 8 & 2012–2020 \\ LST & MOD11A2 & 1000 & 8 & 2012–2020 \\ Wet & MOD09A1 & 500 & 8 & 2012–2020 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 1: Data details.  
Figure 1: Location of Nyingchi to Gongbo’gyamda section of Lhasa–Nyingchi Motorway.  
flects vegetation growth quality, and the gross primary productivity (GPP) index, which reflects vegetation carbon sequestration capacity, to improve the vegetation index in the evaluation system. Soil wetness can be used as an important indicator for monitoring soil degradation. Additionally, [PERSON] [34] found that the land surface temperature (LST) in the Xizang region is positively correlated with vegetation growth; specifically, this abnormal phenomenon is manifested as follows: the larger the aridity index, the better the ecological environment. Therefore, this study uses the LST and the wetness (Wet) to replace the original TVDI(Temperature Vegetation Dryness Index). Finally, the five indicators of greenness (FVC, LAI, and GPP), warmth (LST), and wetness (Wet) were used to construct an improved RSEI [7] (MRSEI).
# Key Factors for a Successful Telemedicine Solution for Cardiovascular Diseases: A Systematic Review
## 4 Discussion
### Practical Implications and Future Developments  
Our findings indicate that integrating telemonitoring systems into routine care for patients with CVD could improve disease management and patient outcomes. Healthcare providers should consider adopting telemonitoring technologies to empower patients to manage their conditions more effectively. Policymakers should support the inclusion of telemonitoring into healthcare policies and funding models in order to ensure that patients have access to these beneficial interventions.  
When considering the implementation of telemonitoring for patients with CVD, it is also important to take into account the presence of multiple comorbidities. The management of cardiovascular conditions can become more complex in patients with additional health issues, which might affect the efficacy of telemonitoring. While some comorbid conditions might require more personalized approaches, telemonitoring can still be valuable in providing continuous monitoring and early intervention. Therefore, the presence of comorbidities should not be seen as a contraindication but rather as a factor that necessitates careful planning and adaptation of telemonitoring protocols.  
Future research should aim to standardize telemonitoring intervention and outcome measures to facilitate meta-analyses and more robust conclusions. It is necessary to lead long-term studies to assess the sustained impact of telemonitoring on patient outcomes. Furthermore, the next studies should focus on the cost-effectiveness of telemonitoring systems to inform policy decisions and healthcare funding allocations, and they could include other RCTs that may have been published after our article's research.  
Further research should ensure greater blindness among healthcare practitioners to reduce bias and improve the reliability of the results. The absence of a substantial number of papers on atrial fibrillation highlights the need for more RCTs focused on this condition to provide a clearer understanding of the benefits and limitations of telemonitoring in this specific patient group.
# Enabling Technologies for Urban Smart Mobility: Recent Trends, Opportunities and Challenges
## 1 Introduction  
Smart mobility is an emerging concept that is increasingly aligned with sustainable world development, taking into account the 17 sustainable development goals set by the United Nations [1] for 2030. The concept of mobility, and how it will articulate with the planning of cities and the logistics of transporting goods and people, will experience drastic changes in the coming years. Demographic growth continues to follow an exponential route, with 6 billion people registered in 1999, an approximate number of 7.7 billion in 2020 and a predicted number of approximately 9 billion expected for 2040 [2]. This growth we see in cities all over the world will necessarily translate into the need for new route optimization algorithms for vehicles and people, traffic management to reduce congestion, and greater optimization in logistic processes, among others. However, the concept of smart mobility goes far beyond solving these problems since future contributions are expected to represent differentiating and truly innovative solutions [3]. The focus on the sustainability of the solutions developed, active transport, the use of environmentally friendly fuels and engagement with citizens are aspects that should be part of smartmobility in the coming years. The impacted dimensions will therefore be varied and include sustainability, economy and living, which has a direct impact on citizens and also on government entities [3].  
Two key concepts are at the base of what will be the evolution of smart mobility in the coming years: on one hand, the transport of goods, and on the other, the paradigm shift in the mobility of people that will transition to mobility-as-a-service. Regarding transports of goods, we already witness several robot prototypes around the world that deliver basic necessities to people's homes, which will mean an adjustment to how businesses operate (supermarkets, delivery services, among others). Internet of Things (IoT), Big Data and Artificial Intelligence (AI) will play a fundamental role in new solutions. It should be highlighted that the changes the coming years will bring will promote inevitable changes in what will be the jobs of the future. Regarding the transport of people, trends are evolving towards a mobility-as-a-service paradigm, with a drastic reduction in the number of private vehicles that will be filled by electric, shared, lighter and smaller vehicles and with autonomous driving.  
This paper provides an exhaustive literature review of several solutions across multiple domains that are related to smart mobility in smart cities. The paper also provides an overview about what is smart mobility and the related opportunities and challenges. Further, the paper highlights the enabling technologies that are being used in order to deliver smart services to citizens. Lastly, the future trends and conclusions are presented.
###### Abstract  
The inspection of rice grain that may be infected by seedborne disease is important for ensuring uniform plant stands in production fields as well as preventing proliferation of some seedborne diseases. The goal of this study was to use a hyperspectral imaging (HSI) technique to find optimal wavelengths and develop a model for detecting discolored, diseased rice seed infected by bacterial panicle blight (_Burkholderia glumae_), a seedborne pathogen. For this purpose, the HSI data spanning the visible/near-infrared wavelength region between 400 and 1000 nm were collected for 500 sound and discolored rice seeds. For selecting optimal wavelengths to use for detecting diseased seed, a sequential forward selection (SFS) method combined with various spectral pretreatments was employed. To evaluate performance based on optimal wavelengths, support vector machine (SVM) and linear and quadratic discriminant analysis (LDA and QDA) models were developed for detection of discolored seeds. As a result, the violet and red regions of the visible spectrum were selected as key wavelengths reflecting the characteristics of the discolored rice seeds. When using only two or only three selected wavelengths, all of the classification methods achieved high classification accuracies over 90% for both the calibration and validation sample sets. The results of the study showed that only two to three wavelengths are needed to differentiate between discolored, diseased and sound rice, instead of using the entire HSI wavelength regions. This demonstrates the feasibility of developing a low cost multispectral imaging technology based on these selected wavelengths for non-destructive and high-throughput screening of diseased rice seed.  
Keywords:diseased seed; hyperspectral imaging; SVM; LDA; QDA; image processing +
Footnote †: journal: Applied Sciences
## 2 Related Work and Background
### Application Layer  
Based on different scenarios, the existing application layer solutions for utilizing user bandwidth resources can be categorized into content delivery, network transmission, and file sharing scenarios.  
In the content delivery scenario, idle user bandwidth and storage resources are utilized to assist in content distribution in CDN. The hybrid content delivery network (HCDN) [16] deploys CDN-level distribution systems in the backbone network and delivers content to the edge of the network. During edge replica transmission, P2P technology is employed to leverage user-side bandwidth resources for content distribution, thereby reducing the number of edge servers and saving deployment costs. However, HCDN requires the introduction of additional entities to establish resource indexes and adopts centralized management and scheduling methods, which undoubtedly increases the implementation cost of the solution and poses scalability issues. Building upon HCDN, the literature [17] proposes a mechanism based on oligopoly to balance the load on edge servers and utilizes a profit-maximizing auction to maximize user contributions in P2P content delivery. Although this method increases the net profit of HCDN providers and reduces content distribution costs, the algorithmic modeling is overly complex and difficult to apply in practical scenarios. In [18], the authors introduced the adaptive bit rate (ABR) algorithm to HCDN to enhance video transmission quality of experience (QoE) and proposed an efficiency improvement method based on delay response to merge ABR and P2P.  
In the network transmission scenario, user bandwidth resources are utilized to forward data packets. One of the most typical examples is the New Kind of Network (NKN) [19]. NKN adds a blockchain layer on top of the existing TCP/IP and uses chord DHT to maintain the network topology and routing. Users can \"mine\" NKN packets by forwarding them and receive token rewards. However, the addressing and routing based on DHT often do not match the underlying network routing paths, and updating and maintaining the DHT routing table requires a significant amount of computational and network bandwidth resources. RightMesh [20] uses Wi-Fi and Bluetooth signals on mobile devices to build a mesh network, solving the problem of limited access to the internet in remote areas with no cellular network coverage. It also introduces blockchain technology to create a secure and efficient environment for sharing network bandwidth. However, this technology is only applicable to wireless access scenarios. In the file sharing domain, users' idle bandwidth and storage resources are utilized for peer-to-peer file transfers. Examples include Bittorrent [21] and IPFS [22]. However, these technologies have a narrow scope of application. Overall, while there are various solutions for utilizing user bandwidth resources in different scenarios, most of them have limitations and are not widely applicable in the broader network infrastructure.
# Modeling and Predicting Carbon and Water Fluxes Using Data-Driven Techniques in a Forest Ecosystem
## 3 Results
### ET Modeling Using the Machine Learning Methods  
Table 6 summarizes the modeled accuracies of daily ET estimated by the data-driven models. The GMDH model yields the worst performance in estimating daily ET, which is consistent with the previous forecasting of carbon fluxes. However, the other models perform better than the GMDH model and they have similar model efficiency with respect to \(R^{2}\), NSE, RMSE and MAE statistics.  
It is clear from Figure 7 that the fit line of the GMDH model in the prediction of daily ET tends to deviate from the ideal fit line, while the fit lines of other models are consistently closer to the ideal fit line. As shown in Figure 3d, the simulated values of daily ET estimated by the ANN, ANFIS and SVM models well match the corresponding measured values for the training, validation and testing periods. However, the appreciable underestimations of the peaks from the ANN, ANFIS and SVM models, mainly in the validation and testing periods, are clearly seen. Moreover, according to the annual estimates by the applied models, the total ET in 2009 is under-estimated by 10% to 14% (Figure 4d).  
Figure 6: Comparisons of daily NEE measured by eddy covariance technique and predicted by data-driven models for the testing period. (**a**) ANN model; (**b**) GRNN model; (**c**) ELM model; (**d**) ANFIS model; (**e**) SVM model; and (**f**) GMDH model.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Model**} & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**Training**} & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**Validation**} & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**Testing**} \\ \cline{2-13}  & \(R^{2}\) & NSE & RMSE & MAE & \(R^{2}\) & NSE & RMSE & MAE & \(R^{2}\) & NSE & RMSE & MAE \\ \hline ANN & 0.7962 & 0.7961 & 0.5238 & 0.3552 & 0.8482 & 0.7946 & 0.6429 & 0.4370 & 0.8352 & 0.7784 & 0.6270 & 0.4399 \\ GRNN & 0.8819 & 0.8399 & 0.4641 & 0.3668 & 0.8037 & 0.7492 & 0.7103 & 0.5436 & 0.8053 & 0.7665 & 0.6436 & 0.4484 \\ ELM & 0.6754 & 0.6754 & 0.6610 & 0.4944 & 0.7611 & 0.6937 & 0.7850 & 0.5716 & 0.7216 & 0.6700 & 0.7651 & 0.5640 \\ ANFIS & 0.7745 & 0.7745 & 0.5509 & 0.3724 & 0.8302 & 0.7904 & 0.6494 & 0.4321 & 0.7891 & 0.7322 & 0.6893 & 0.4922 \\ SVM & 0.8130 & 0.8128 & 0.5019 & 0.3139 & 0.8406 & 0.7990 & 0.6358 & 0.4313 & 0.8175 & 0.7673 & 0.6426 & 0.4746 \\ GMDH & 0.6191 & 0.6187 & 0.7164 & 0.5445 & 0.6701 & 0.6145 & 0.8806 & 0.6726 & 0.6692 & 0.6043 & 0.8379 & 0.5712 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 5: Comparisons of data-driven models for net ecosystem exchange (NEE, g\(\cdot\)m\({}^{-2}\cdot\)Day\({}^{-1}\)) for the training, validation and testing periods.
## 5 Conclusions  
As discussed in this paper, due to some of the drawbacks of the solar-assisted electric boiler water heating system of a university student apartment in Tianjin, a new SA-ASHP water heating system was designed. Comparative experiments were carried out using these two systems. The main conclusions are as follows:  
1. The COP of the air source heat pump increases with increasing outdoor air temperature and a decrease in outlet water temperature. The COP of the water-heating system can be effectively improved by changing the set value of the water supply temperature from 60 \({}^{\circ}\)C to 40-50 \({}^{\circ}\)C, which is about 30% higher.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Scheme**} & \(\Delta T_{\text{E}}\) & \(\Delta T_{L}\) & **Heat Collected by the Solar** & **Heat Collected by the Air** & **Solar Assurance Rate** \\  & (\({}^{\circ}\)C) & (\({}^{\circ}\)C) & **Collector (M)** & **Source Heat Pump (M)** & **(Calculated Based on Total** \\  & & & & **Annual Heat Valest (\%)** \\ \hline Original scheme & 7 & 3 & 334,121.56 & 685,920.63 & 32.76 \\ Optimization scheme 1 & 6 & 2 & 367,166.55 & 596,452.72 & 38.10 \\ Optimization scheme 2 & 5 & 1 & 388,513.44 & 553,161.79 & 41.26 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 4: Comparison of main parameters after optimization of operation control strategy.  
Figure 11: The simulation model of SA-ASHP water heating system in TRNSYS.  
* The solar fraction has obvious differences in different seasons, with the highest in the refrigeration period and the lowest in the heating period. Compared with the original solar-assisted electric boiler water heating system, the solar fraction of the SA-ASHP system is much larger.
* The comparison results of the water supply temperatures for the three days selected indicated that the reformed SA-ASHP water heating system has a greater water supply quality, and the temperature can be approximately stabilized between 40 \({}^{\circ}\)C and 50 \({}^{\circ}\)C.
* After using the air source heat pump as an auxiliary heat source, the energy consumption indexes, such as the unit of hot water power consumption, per capita power consumption, and per capita water consumption, decreased significantly, the energy saving rate reached 72.70%, and the economic benefits of the system were greatly improved.
* By optimizing the heat collection cycle operation control strategy, the solar heat collection and solar energy guarantee rate are both improved, and the air source heat pump heating capacity is reduced.  
Conceptualization, H.M. and S.M.; Writing--Original Draft Preparation, D.H.; Writing--Review and Editing, C.Y.; Visualization, M.C.; Supervision, C.X.; Project Administration, Y.Z. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
This research was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grant Number 51876137].  
Not applicable.  
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest in this work, and declare that they do not have any commercial or associative interest that represents a conflict of interest in connection with the work submitted.