## 3 Results
### Study Characteristics
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**Author(s); Year** & **Sample; Size** & **Mean Age (years); \%Female** \\ \hline [PERSON] et al.; 2019 [90] & Schizophrenia patients; 8 & 36.37; 27.5 \\ \hline [PERSON] et al.; 2016 [91] & Normal development and ADHD children; 136 & 6.38; 40.1 \\ \hline [PERSON] et al.; 2016 [92] & Kindergartens; 148 & 5.98; 52 \\ \hline [PERSON] et al.; 2017 [93] & Children; 75 & 8.5; 49 \\ \hline [PERSON] et al.; 2018 [94] & Children; 157 & 9.17; 45.78 \\ \hline [PERSON] et al.; 2017 [95] & Patients with amnestic MCI; 42 & 76.05; 40 \\ \hline [PERSON] et al.; 2017 [96] & Older adults with MCI; 24 & 75.13; 92 \\ \hline [PERSON] et al.; 2017 [97] & Older adults with MCI; 60 & 72.25; 57 \\ \hline [PERSON] et al.; 2015 [98] & Cognitive-impaired patients with MS; 16 & 49.06; 81.25 \\ \hline [PERSON] et al.; 2020 [99] & Cognitive-impaired patients with MS; 15 & 52.6; 66 \\ \hline [PERSON] et al.; 2019 [100] & Older adults; 41 & 72.88; 73 \\ \hline [PERSON] et al.; 2020 [101] & Healthy adults; 20 & 22.85; 30 \\ \hline [PERSON] et al.; 2018 [102] & Children with visual–perceptual dysfunction/delay; 60 & 7.51; 46 \\ \hline [PERSON] et al.; 2018 [103] & Primary school students and kindergartens; 91 & 6.12; 50 \\ \hline [PERSON] et al.; 2018 [104] & Adults with methamphetamine use disorder; 40 & 34.2; 0 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}  
* N/A = not available information.  
\end{table} 
Table 1: _Cont._ \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**Study** & **Game** & **Game Elements * \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [62] & Cogmed & C, PR, LV, FB, DA \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [63] & AULA Nesplora & N/ST, C, FB \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [64] & 3D VR Virtual Town & AV, CM/CP \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [65] & Lumosity & C, PR, LV, FB, DA \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [66] & Mind Frontiers & N/ST, C, AP, PR, LV, FB, DA \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [67] & Typical two-back working memory task & C, FB \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [68] & ACTIVATE & C, LV, FB, DA \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [69] & Gamified Working Memory Capacity Training & C, AP, PR, LV, FB, DA \\ \hline [PERSON] and [PERSON] [70] & CogARC & C, AP, LV, FB, CM/CP \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [71] & Mind Frontiers & N/ST, C, AP, PR, LV, FB, DA \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [72] & PC version of card game Belote & C, AP, PR, FB \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [73] & Gamified WM training & N/ST, C, AP, DA \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [74] & [PERSON]’s Brain Training & C, AP, PR, FB \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [75] & Braingame Brian & N/ST, AV, C, AP, PR, LV, FB, DA \\ \hline [PERSON] and [PERSON] [76] & Game-based CT & N/ST, C, AP, PR, LV, FB, DA, \\ \hline [PERSON] and [PERSON] [77] & Active Memory & AP, PR, DA \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [78] & Braingame Brian & N/ST, AV, C, AP, PR, LV, FB \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [79] & ACTIVE-U & N/ST, AV, C, AP, PR, LV, FB, DA \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [80] & BrainGymmmer & C, AP, PR, LV, FB, DA \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Description of games and GEs of studies included in the systematic review. A total number of 3496 participants were included in the studies, with sample sizes ranging from 5 [70] to 794 [78] participants. A total of 7 studies included 5 to 19 participants, 13 studies included 20 to 59 participants, 17 cases contained 60-99 participants and only 7 studies had 100 and above participants. Regarding the age of participants, the mean ages included values from 6.12 [103] years old to 82.7 years old [87], although in [79], there was no specific mean value, as the only available information was that participants ranged from 50 to 90 years old. Overall, regarding mean age, the included studies can be characterized as balanced, since 36.36% (N = 16) had children and adolescent participants (<18 years old), 13 studies (29.54%) included adult participants (<60 years old) and 15 studies (34.1%) had participants over 60 years old.