## 2 Materials and Methods
### Questions Dataset  
We used a dataset of 433 questions generated for a previous study [15]. Each occupational physician was assigned a specific topic and instructed to generate questions based on Legislative Decree 81/08, the Italian regulatory framework for workplace health and safety [17], to which they had direct access. The decree covers key topics such as risk assessments, the adoption of preventive and protective measures, the training and provision of information to workers on occupational risks, health surveillance, emergency management, the legal responsibilities of employers, and specific regulations for work in particular environments. To ensure the dataset was comprehensive and representative of the legislative decree, a stratified sampling method was employed. Each physician was tasked with formulating approximately 40 questions based on his assigned topic, ensuring that all aspects of the decree were systematically covered. This stratified approach minimized selection bias and ensured a balanced representation of topics. The assignment of experts to specific areas was based on their expertise, further enhancing the quality and relevance of the questions. Additionally, to ensure the dataset's quality and appropriateness for LLMs, the questions were reviewed and cross-validated by an occupational physician not involved in the question generation process. This validation process helped ensure consistency, alignment with the legislative content, and a balance of topics. Additionally, redundancy was minimized, and questions were crafted to be as clear and unambiguous as possible. By addressing these factors, we have created a robust, comprehensive, and well-structured dataset that is well-suited for use in training and evaluating LLMs on legal content related to Legislative Decree 81/08. The topics addressed in the dataset included the common principles of the legislative decree, such as general and criminal provisions, the institutional system and management of workplace insurance, workplace safety, and the main occupational hazards to which a worker may be exposed:Manual handling of loads: Refers to any activity involving lifting, dragging, pushing, or moving objects that may cause musculoskeletal disorders, particularly affecting the spine, joints, and muscles. * Use of visual display terminals: Focuses on ergonomic and health risks (e.g., eye strain or posture-related issues) from prolonged use of computer screens or similar devices. * Physical hazards: Includes risks from physical agents such as noise, vibrations, extreme temperatures, or radiation in the workplace. * Chemical hazards: Involves risks from exposure to harmful chemicals, which can lead to poisoning, respiratory problems, or skin irritation. * Asbestos: A material that, when inhaled, can cause serious diseases, including cancer. Although widely used in the past, asbestos is now banned or heavily regulated due to its health risks. * Carcinogenic and mutagenic agents: Substances that can cause cancer (carcinogenic) or DNA mutations (mutagenic), posing severe health risks in specific industries. * Biological hazards: Refers to environments where exposure to biological agents (e.g., bacteria or viruses) is possible, such as healthcare services, veterinary clinics, and diagnostic laboratories. * Risk of explosive atmospheres: An explosive atmosphere is a mixture of air and flammable substances (gasses, vapors, mists, or dusts) that, after ignition, leads to rapid combustion. This risk is significant in the chemical and energy industries. Additionally, the physicians were instructed to create questions related to official inquiries called \"interpelli\". Trade unions, employers, and professional councils can submit general questions to a commission, which evaluates the implementation of health and safety regulations and proposes legislative improvements. The commission's answers serve as interpretive criteria for supervisory activities and the application of Italian occupational safety and health laws.