## 1 Introduction  
_Camelina sativa_ ([PERSON], as an important oilseed crop belonging to the family of _Cruciferase_ (_Brassicaceae_), is cultivated for oil in Europe, North America, and Central Asia. Camelina, known as gold-of-pleasure, false flax, wild flax, limeseed dodder, German sesame, and Siberian oilseed, is a new oilseed with a promising future as a food product due to its high amounts of unsaturated fatty acids and bioactive compounds with health-promoting effects [1]. Camelina oil can be extracted from whole and crushed seeds using cold or warm pressing, solvent extraction with hexane, supercritical carbon dioxide, and an enzyme or ultrasound-assisted extraction [2, 3, 4]. Among the known techniques of camelina oil extraction, cold pressing can be considered safe, more natural, environmentally friendly, and requires less energy. Conventionally, most camelina seed oil extraction is done with a cold press process. Whole or crushed camelina seeds are pressed at room temperature with a cold-pressing machine. However, pressure applied in screw presses on the seeds can increase the temperature to upper 60 \({}^{\circ}\)C. Therefore, sometimes cold pressing requires an additional cooling system to keep the specified limit temperature. Double mechanical pressing of camelina seeds is a common practice due to their high oil content. The obtained cold-pressed oil can be physically purified through filtration, sedimentation, or centrifugation processes. Nevertheless, many factors, such as camelina seed varieties, amounts of oil and water in seeds, technical parameters of the screw-press machine (rotational speed, nozzle diameter, barrel spacing, operating pressure, feed rate),temperature (hot or cold), and seed pretreatment affected the efficacy of amelina oil recovery by mechanical pressing [2; 3; 4]. Camelina oils recovered from _Camelina sativa_ seeds have low amounts of saturated fatty acids (SAFA = 2.5-18.45%, mainly palmitic acid), medium monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA = 12.3-49.3%), and high levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA = 32.4-58.5%). Interestingly, amelina oils are a rich source of \(\alpha\)-linolenic acid (ALA), with a content ranging between 12.0% and 44.3% [2]. ALA is an essential omega-3 (n-3) fatty acid to humans because it cannot be synthesized in the body, playing a supportive role in the cardiovascular and immune human system [5]. The differences in the amounts of ALA, other fatty acids, and quality parameters of oils cold pressed from _Camelina sativa_ seeds were influenced by factors such as climatic and growing conditions, genotype diversity, seed storage, technological processes, and analytical methods [6; 7; 8; 9; 10]. Consequently, the high content of unsaturated fatty acids in amelina oils decreases their oxidative stability. For this reason, amelina oil is more susceptible to oxidation than rapeseed oil but more stable than linseed oil, which is richer in PUFA [11; 12]. However, amelina oil is generally considered a high-quality vegetable oil for its health-promoting bioactive components, including tocopherols, polyphenols, carotenoids, catechins, phytosterols, saponins, and squalene [1; 4; 7; 9; 10; 13; 14]. Potent antioxidants, especially tocopherols and phenolic compounds, make amelina oils more stable for oxidation reactions than other highly unsaturated vegetable oils such as linseed and fish. Despite the desirable health aspects of bioactive compounds and PUFA present in amelina oils, they can be contaminated with toxic compounds, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), pesticides, and mycotoxins [15]. On the other hand, many factors, such as environmental pollution during _Camelina sativa_ seed growth, contamination during the harvesting, and technological processes, can significantly contribute to increasing the levels of these undesirable compounds. There are two main sources of PAH contaminations in amelina oils: (1) the contact of seeds with polluted surroundings and (2) the drying process of seeds before oil pressing by direct contact with combustion gases.