circumentaria_ (n = 10) and established MIC values of ceragenins against strains ranging from 1 to 16 \(\upmu\)g/mL, demonstrating a great potential of this molecule in oral cavity infections. Notably, the activity of CSA-13 was significantly greater than the 27 amino acid domain of CAP18/LL37 (hCAP18\({}_{\text{109-135}}\)) and BMAP-28 peptide. For all tested isolates, minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) did not exceed 16 \(\upmu\)g/mL [144], which is well below the hemolytic concentration of this ceragenin [140]. In another study, [PERSON] et al. established the broad spectrum of ceragenins CSA-13, CSA-90, and CSA-92 as antimicrobials against pathogens associated with oral and upper respiratory tract infections, including _S. mutans, S. pyogenes_ or _E. faecalis_. Following the previous report, all tested ceragenins were highly efficient against planktonic bacterial strains, with MIC values ranging from 0.35 to 8 \(\upmu\)g/mL, and this effect was at lower concentrations than those required for the activity of the endogenously produced human cathelcidin LL-37 [145]. One of the most important advances in terms of the significance of ceragenins in combating oral pathogens was achieved by [PERSON] et al. In one of their papers, the authors demonstrated that ceragenins CSA-13 and CSA-131, as well as iron oxide-based nanosystems containing them, showed significant antimicrobial activity against a range of anaerobic microorganisms present in the oral cavity with ceragenins' MIC values in the range of 0.5-16 \(\upmu\)g/mL. Although the authors did not evaluate the therapeutic potential of ceragenin strictly in terms of oral infections and only two clinical strains used in the study (_Prevotella oralis_ and _P. melaninogenica_) were isolated from postoperative wound in the oral cavity region, the research conducted indeed confirmed the significant potential of these molecules in the eradication of bacteria from _Bacteroides_, _Clostridiales_, and _Peptostreptoccus_ genera [124]. Other research demonstrated comparable activity, including against _Clostridioides difficile_[146]. A considerable number of studies have also been published in the aspect of fungicidal activities of ceragenins. As oral candidiasis is considered as one of the most frequent oral infections, particularly in immunocompromised subjects, both prophylactic and therapeutic approaches are required to ensure the oral safety of this group of patients. In such aspects, ceragenins could be highly beneficial as several reports demonstrate their effectiveness against _Candida albicans_ and _C. glabrata_ fungi, which are recognized as most clinically important for proper oral hygiene. Multiple types of ceragenins demonstrated activity against both _C. albicans_ and non--_C. albicans_ isolates, including first- and second-generation ceragenins CSA-8, CSA-13, CSA-44, CSA-131, CSA-138, CSA-142, and CSA-192. As demonstrated in a few studies, MIC values of these ceragenins against many laboratory and clinical strains were as low as 0.25 \(\upmu\)g/mL, with activity comparable to or better than clinically used antifungals agents, including fluconazole and amphoteric B [140; 141; 128; 142]. Ceragenins are effective against microbes that are less recognized as oral disease-causing pathogens but are highly associated with the development of systemic medical conditions arising from oral dysbiosis. _H. pylori_ is mostly found on the gastric mucosa in humans and is closely linked to the development of gastritis. However, epidemiological research has shown that individuals with dental caries or inadequate oral hygiene also carry _H. pylori_ in their oral cavity [147]. A recent literature review has shown a strong link between the presence of _H. pylori_ infection in the mouth and an increased occurrence of dental caries in patients, even in the absence of gastric infection. This suggests that the oral cavity serves as another environment for _H. pylori_ and may be the origin of infection, re-infection, and transmission to the stomach [148].