## 3 Numerical Calculation Results and Analysis  
### Comparison of Numerical Simulation Results with Wind Tunnel Test Results  
To verify the accuracy and reliability of the numerical simulations conducted in this study, we compared the simulation results with wind tunnel test results reported in  
Figure 5: Arrangement form when 1 antenna is deployed. Figure 6: Arrangement form when 3 antennas are deployed. Figure 7: Arrangement form when 6 antennas are deployed. Figure 8: Arrangement form when 2 antennas are deployed. (**a**) Form 1. (**b**) Form 2. (**c**) Form 3. Figure 9: Arrangement form when 4 antennas are deployed. (**a**) Form 1. (**b**) Form 2. (**c**) Form 3.  
the existing literature [14]. The antenna shapes and tower cylinder shapes used in the referenced literature and in this study are quite similar, and the corresponding antenna arrangement forms are essentially the same. Differences in details have a minor impact on the overall wind load. Hence, the aerodynamic coefficients obtained in the referenced literature and in this study are expected to be close. Table 3 presents the comparison of the drag coefficients of the telecommunication tower obtained from wind tunnel tests and numerical simulations when a single layer of three antennas is used. It can be seen that the values of the drag coefficients obtained by both methods are very close, and their variation trends with the wind direction are also consistent. This not only proves the accuracy of the numerical simulation method used in this study but also enhances the credibility of the research findings. Impact of Antenna Arrangement Number and Arrangement Form on the Wind Load of Telecommunication Towers  
When only one layer of telecommunication antennas is arranged on the tower, it is possible to have one to six antennas in this single layer. When arranging one, three, five, or six antennas, there is only one arrangement form. However, when arranging two or four antennas, there are multiple arrangement forms. When arranging two antennas, there are three forms, as shown in Figure 8. The wind load on the telecommunication tower as a function of the wind direction is shown in Figure 11. Figure 11a,b illustrate the drag coefficient and the windward base overturning moment coefficient of the telecommunication tower, respectively, while Figure 11c,d present the lateral force coefficient and the crosswind base overturning moment coefficient, respectively. The drag coefficient and lateral force coefficient were combined to derive the overturning force coefficient for the telecommunication tower, as demonstrated in Figure 11e. Similarly, the windward and crosswind base overturning moment coefficients were combined to yield the overturning moment coefficient for the telecommunication tower, as shown in Figure 11f. From Figure 11, it is evident that the lateral force coefficient and the crosswind base overturning moment coefficient are significantly smaller compared to the drag coefficient and the windward base overturning moment coefficient. Consequently, after combining, the values of the drag coefficient and the windward base overturning moment coefficient are very close to those of the overturning force coefficient and the overturning moment coefficient. As shown in Figure 11, it is evident that the arrangement form of the antennas significantly affects the wind load on the telecommunication tower. The poorer the symmetry after antenna arrangement, the greater the values of the lateral force coefficient and crosswind base overturning moment coefficient of the telecommunication tower. The distribution curves of the tower's overturning force coefficient and overturning moment coefficient generally follow a similar trend. When two antennas are in arrangement form 1, both the overturning force coefficient and overturning moment coefficient of the tower exhibit a sawtooth pattern as the wind direction changes.