# Applications of Microseismic Monitoring Technique in Coal Mines: A State-of-the-Art Review
## 4 Applications of Microseismic Monitoring in Coal Mine
### Rockburst  
Rockburst hazard becomes increasingly significant in Chinese coal mines as coal extraction goes deeper. Intense rockbursts not only destroy underground structures but also trap or kill working miners, and Table 3 lists some intense rockburst cases and associated descriptions in Chinese coal mines. Microseismic monitoring is an effective method to characterize the rockburst generation process, which has been extensively employed to predict and mitigate rockburst hazards. [PERSON] et al. [97] analyzed frequency-spectrum characteristics to study the microseismic precursors for rockburst triggered by both the high original stress (static stress) and the roof fall disturbance (dynamic stress) based on laboratory compression tests and field monitoring of an intense rockburst in the Huating coal mine. [PERSON] et al. [98] utilized microseismic multidimensional information, such as the microseismicity evolution, the event counts and energy release, and the passive seismic velocity tomography, to assess the rockburst risk and determine the high-risk region near a large residual coal pillar in the Xuzhuang coal mine. [PERSON] et al. [99] integrated the microseismic event count, the energy density clouds, and the seismic velocity tomography to characterize the adjustment of the stress regime during rockburst generation processes, and further proposed some effective countermeasures to control rockburst disasters in subsequent mining activities. Rockburst mechanisms and the generation process are complicated and influenced by many contributing factors, and it is difficult to identify the comprehensive characteristics of a rockburst and predict rockburst hazards accurately using a single microseismic parameter. Therefore, extraction of the microseismic multi-parameter information is of  
Figure 8: Distinct zones of overburden movement upon longwall panels, revised from [91]. great significance in recognizing rockburst precursors and warning of rockbursts [101]. [PERSON] et al. [58] used microseismic multi-parameter information, e.g., the energy, event count, \(Z\) value, and dominant frequency, to study the rockburst hazard in the Junde coal mine. [PERSON] et al. [101] developed a microseismic multi-parameter index system including the bursting strain energy index and 14 indices associated with time, space, and magnitude information, and the critical values of these indices were determined to warn of coal/rock failures. [PERSON] et al. [102] proposed a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model to quantitatively evaluate the likelihood of rockburst occurrence and forecast rockbursts in coal mines, selecting ten microseismic indices based on the acoustic emissions of coal samples. The deformation and rupture of coal/rock masses inevitably release some energy, which radiates detectable seismic waves and electromagnetic radiation [103]. The microseismic system records coal/rock mass ruptures globally, while the electromagnetic radiation equipment monitors the coal /rock fractures in a limited area. Microseismic monitoring and electromagnetic radiation can be used together to enhance the prediction accuracy of rockbursts in coal mines. [PERSON] et al. [104] established a multi-parameter system relying on microseismic monitoring, electromagnetic radiation, and acoustic emissions for classification in forecasting rockburst, and the proposed method has been validated to be effective in more than ten burst-prone coal mines. [PERSON] et al. [105] investigated the rockburst generation process and mechanism via an analysis of microseismic monitoring and electromagnetic radiation data and identified a quiet period of microseismicity accompanied by an increase in electromagnetic intensity to the peak value of rockburst precursors. [PERSON] et al.