## 1 Introduction
### Challenges and Motivation-Existing Cellular Technologies Cannot Support Tactile Internet Yet  
Tactile applications based on control communications can now be developed with 1 ms round-trip latency (RTL) and ultra-high reliability and availability (as envisioned for 5G). As such, for the global economy, the TI has the potential to be a game-changer. Table 1 compares the industrial automation performance requirements for 5G. To that end, the purpose of this study is to look into how 5G can fuel Smart Manufacturing and TI by reviewing existing trends, difficulties, and future trends. There will also be a discussion of the potential ramifications for operators in terms of network infrastructure and commercial prospects. The rate 10\(\times\) factor [16] is fast increasing the data rate need in IoT. As already mentioned, the critical challenge is to achieve a tolerable RTT of 1 ms in order to facilitate TI-related services and applications. Nonetheless, there are numerous challenging solutions for reducing network RTT. As a result, another motivation of the paper is to adopt TI technology in order to incorporate technological advancements such as software defined networking (SDN), network function virtualization (NFV), network  
Figure 2: 5G Roadmap of IMT 2020 [12]. coding, physical MAC-layer protocols, and cloud networking technologies that promise to meet the needs of the TI [17]. The present 4G network is incapable of handling such high data rates. In this context, 5G technology has the potential to lead IoT applications that require high data rates, such as smart cities, smart grids, smart healthcare, connected cars, and linked homes [19]. By 2020, there will be more than 50 billion gadgets connected to the internet. Issues and concerns with IoT-based smart home applications, such as latency and reliability, were highlighted by [PERSON] et al. [20]. TI can be utilized to alleviate these difficulties because it has ultra-low latency and carrier-grade frequency. The problems of IoT will be addressed by a future technical development, a 5G-enabled TI. In addition, the following are the components of TI: (a) fixed internet [8], (b) mobile internet [21], (c) things internet [22], and (d) tactile internet [8]. The 5G technology will be integrated in a heterogeneous network infrastructure. Three major frequency bands have been made available for use of 5G in Europe. These three bands are 700 MHz, 3.6 GHz, and 26 GHz. Next, the CBRS (Citizens Broadband Radio Service) band, which operates at 3.5 GHz, was opened up for commercial use in the United States in January 2020. Wi-Fi networking is also getting a makeover, and this supplementary technology will contribute to the 5G ecosystem. Finally, the IEEE 802.11 ax specification is referred to as Wi-Fi 6 by the Wi-Fi Alliance because it is the sixth generation of Wi-Fi. Similarly, following the ongoing standardization, a new IEEE P1918.X standard has been defined for the TI [23; 24]. IEEE P1918.X describes the TI's architecture technology and assumptions, whereas IEEE P1918.X.1, IEEE P1918.X.2, and IEEE P1918.X.3 focus on codecs, AI, and MAC for the TI, respectively. Furthermore, significant effort has been expended to form a working group for low latency industrial IoT (IIoT) applications such as intelligent transportation systems, Industry 4.0, and Health 4.0 [25]. Finally, Figure 3 presents verticals sectors' capabilities and requirements spider charts [26]. In an attempt to properly introduce the key concepts of this research work, a short glossary is compiled below in the form of a table (refer to Table 2). Consequently, this table can facilitate the readership to become more familiar with the concepts of mobile networks, 5G, tactile internet, and Industry 4.0.