# A Review of Recent Progress of Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS) in China
## 3 Progress of CO\({}_{2}\) Capture and Transport in China
### Development Status of CO2 Transport in China  
Many of the power stations and industrial plants where CO2 capture can be implemented are not located close to potential CO2 utilization or storage sites, thus requiring significant CO2 transport as a momentous link [74; 75]. At present, the main CO2 transport can be sorted into two categories. One is pipeline-based transport [76; 77], which includes on-land and off-shore pipelines; the other is tank-based transport, which includes ship transport, rail train transport, and tanker truck transport. Pipeline-based transport has historically been the preferred means to transport CO2 due to its low cost and large transport capacity for low-to-medium distances [74; 78]. Tank-based CO2 transport has recently garnered increased interest [79; 80] due to the lower investment costs, flexibility, and shorter construction times compared to pipelines for modest amounts of long-distance transport. It  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Project** & **Operation** & **Capture Technology** & **Capture Capacity (Tonnes/Year)** \\ \hline Huaneng Longdong Base low-energy carbon capture project & 2023 (expected) & Post-combustion & 1,500,000 \\ CHN ENERGY Guohua Jinjie carbon capture & 2021 & Post-combustion & 150,000 \\ demonstration project & 2009 & Post-combustion & 120,000 \\ Huaneng Shidongkou carbon capture project & 2019 & Post-combustion & 20,000 \\ China Resources Power Haifeng carbon capture test platform & 2019 & Post-combustion & 20,000 \\ Guodian Tianjin Beitang power plant carbon capture project & 2012 & Post-combustion & 20,000 \\ CPI Chongqing Shuanghuai power plant carbon capture & 2010 & Post-combustion & 10,000 \\ demonstration project & 2017 & Post-combustion & 1000 \\ Huaneng Changchun thermal power plant carbon & 2016 & Pre-combustion & 100,000 \\ Huaneng IGCC power plant carbon capture & 2018 & Pre-combustion & 50,000 \\ demonstration project & 2019 & Pre-combustion & 50,000 \\ Huazhong University of Science and Technology 35 mw & 2016 & Oxy-fuel combustion & 10,000 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 4: CO2 capture projects in China [50].  
is worth noting that tank-based transport only carries liquefied CO\({}_{2}\) with strict temperature and pressure restrictions whereas pipeline-based transport can transport CO\({}_{2}\) in various states, including gaseous, liquid, dense-phase, and supercritical states [75].  
Due to the small scale of China's current CCUS demonstration projects, tanker truck transport remains the primary mode of CO\({}_{2}\) transport [81], while certain oil and gas fields use ship transport [82]. On-land pipeline transport is still in the pilot stage, with only limited adoptions in the Jilin oilfield and Qilu Petrochemical projects [83]. Jilin Oilfield has built a 50 km of CO\({}_{2}\) gas-phase transport pipeline with a transport capacity of 50 \(\times\) 10\({}^{4}\) tonnes/year [83]. Up to now, off-shore pipeline transport of CO\({}_{2}\) is still in the research stage. Additionally, the supercritical CO\({}_{2}\) long-distance pipeline construction is another challenge for CO\({}_{2}\) transport, with no undertaken demonstration projects [81].