## 4 Results from the Literature Review
### Connected Car  
A connected car is an advanced technology that allows vehicles to communicate in real time with the Internet, other devices, mobile applications, and cloud platforms. This connectivity expands possibilities, transforming the driving experience and providing benefits to drivers, passengers, and manufacturers alike [43]. Aligned with sustainable transport principles, this technology also has potential applications in responding to global crises. These vehicles provide real-time road condition updates, optimize routes, reduce congestion, and relay safety alerts. Connected car technology also enables remote vehicle management, diagnostics, and advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS). By enhancing traffic efficiency and safety, connected vehicles can help reduce transport costs and play a critical role in economic resilience [236; 237]. Studies highlight the benefits of connected vehicles in organized truck convoys, potentially reducing operational costs through fuel and route efficiency [238]. This technology also serves as a foundation for connected autonomous vehicles (CAVs), which could address key road transport challenges related to safety, mobility, and environmental impact [239]. Connected vehicle systems also support environmental health, as smoother traffic flow and fewer congestion points lead to  
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lower emissions of carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxides (NOx). Research confirms these benefits for both CAVs [240; 241] and diesel vehicles [242; 243]. In public health contexts, connected vehicles facilitate contactless and coordinated deliveries of essential items, such as medical supplies and food, which is critical during epidemic situations [236]. Enhanced with additional detection systems, connected vehicles can also monitor passenger health, improving safety and reducing disease spread in society [244]. Connected vehicles also have the capability to automatically detect and report issues, whether in military convoys or humanitarian missions [245], enhancing overall efficiency and significantly boosting the likelihood of successful logistical operations. Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) is a next-generation technology, designed to connect vehicles with their entire surroundings, making them integral components of the IoT. Unlike traditional connected car technology, V2X enables real-time communication with other vehicles (V2V), infrastructure (V2I), pedestrians (V2P), networks (V2N), and various electronic devices. The V2X system aims to enhance road safety for all users, optimize route efficiency, and support environmentally friendly driving choices [246]. Given its advanced capabilities, Vehicle-to-Everything could serve as a valuable resource in crisis scenarios. This breakthrough technology has the potential to revolutionize global transport networks, and when integrated with complementary innovations, V2X could further drive economic growth and sustainability [247; 248]. The potential of V2X to enhance traffic flow, improve road safety, and support sustainable transport development is frequently highlighted. By enabling real-time data exchange between vehicles and their surroundings, V2X can prevent accidents [188], streamline traffic flow, and lower exhaust emissions [249], thus contributing to a safer, more efficient, and eco-friendly transport ecosystem [250]. Furthermore, integrating V2X with electric vehicles could reduce reliance on fossil fuels and create new job opportunities within the green energy sector [251]. Studies emphasize the significant role of 5G-based Vehicle-to-Everything (C-V2X) in public health, as it facilitates the exchange of health-related data, assisting communities in managing viral outbreaks [252]. Another study found that V2X can help optimize vehicle occupancy, supporting social distancing protocols [253].