## 3 Metaverse Classroom: A Layered Architectural View
### Assessment and Feedback Layer  
#### 3.5.1 Scenario-Based Evaluations  
Scenario-based evaluations in a Metaverse classroom use immersive simulations to assess students' problem-solving, critical thinking, and adaptability in real-world contexts [181]. Unlike traditional exams, these evaluations place students in realistic situations where they must apply their knowledge to navigate challenges and make decisions [6]. For example, in a virtual economics class, students could manage a business, making budgeting and marketing decisions based on shifting market conditions [182]. These scenarios allow educators to assess practical understanding and decision-making skills often overlooked in traditional tests [71]. In science and engineering courses, virtual lab simulations provide hands-on evaluations that help students solve complex problems in controlled environments [183]. For instance, a chemistry student might be tasked with creating a compound by selecting elements and observing reactions, adjusting their approach based on experimental outcomes [109]. Similarly, engineering students could design virtual bridges, considering material properties, load distribution, and environmental conditions [184]. These assessments go beyond rote memorization by evaluating students' ability to apply theoretical knowledge to practical challenges [185]. Healthcare training greatly benefits from scenario-based evaluations, allowing students to diagnose and treat virtual patients [183]. Medical students might interact with patient simulations, reviewing symptoms, asking questions, and making evidence-based diagnoses [186]. These evaluations help students integrate knowledge from different medical fields while developing critical thinking and clinical skills. The immersive nature of these simulations also fosters better bedside manner, and recorded interactions allow instructors to provide detailed feedback for improvement [187].  
Environmental and social studies scenarios offer students opportunities to address complex, real-world problems requiring ethical, cultural, and environmental consideration. For example, an environmental science simulation might ask students to develop a conservation strategy for an endangered species, balancing ecological needs with local community interests [188]. In political science or ethics courses, students could participate in government negotiations or conflict resolution scenarios, weighing different perspectives and making informed ethical decisions [132]. These activities assess students' ability to think critically, consider diverse viewpoints, and develop balanced solutions, essential skills for working in a globally connected world. Finally, scenario-based evaluations provide immediate, data-rich feedback to both students and educators [3]. The Metaverse platform can track students' actions and decisions, offering detailed insights into their problem-solving approaches, decision-making processes, and ability to adapt strategies when facing challenges [134]. These data allow educators to give personalized feedback, helping students identify strengths and areas for improvement [189]. For students, this detailed feedback promotes reflection, growth, and the development of adaptive skills for future scenarios. Overall, scenario-based evaluations encourage students to see learning as a continuous skill development and adaptation process.