## 3 Results and Discussion
### Content Analysis
#### 3.3.2 Cluster 2: Business Model Innovation  
\"Business model innovation describes the efforts made by the business in finding new business logic or new ways of value creation\" [47] (p. 1175). In this regard, Business Model Innovation is integral to new product development activities [48]. To create value in the Internet of Things era, companies must be innovating in their business models while taking technology into careful consideration [49]. This is due to the fact that almost every industry is expected to be affected significantly by the applications associated with the Internet of Things [50]. [PERSON] et al. claim that the two major generic approaches to business model innovation occur as either the technology push perspective or the market pull perspective [51]. Companies try to impose newly generated innovation into the market in the technology push. In contrast, in the market pull approach, the market expectations and demand dynamics play significant roles in determining how the company allocates its resources to address these potential opportunity areas. In this regard, [PERSON] and [PERSON] argue that technological changes constitute critical factors in determining business model innovations in this new era [52]. [PERSON] suggests that Business Model Innovation is a comprehensive construct on its own in that it includes different aspects [53]. One of these aspects is extending the current business model. Here, the company is tapping into the previously untapped territory through more extensive use of technology. There are also reconfiguration and modification efforts that try to utilize a practical application or a version of the existing business model. Then, there is the disruptive approach whereby companies turn their strategy into a game changer. [PERSON] et al. provide an alternative interpretation of the business model Canvas framework in their study [54]. They assert that ad-hoc business models are required and that companies need to concentrate on different dimensions to succeed in this new paradigm. Their point of view seems to emphasize that the original and unique architecture of the Internet of Things enables companies to take advantage of opportunities [54]. [PERSON] et al. suggest that the Internet of Things can activate innovation processes across all sectors. In that regard, the potential of the Internet of Things is quite real and ever-changing in its nature [55]. They claim that not all regions have this potential in the same way. They assert that the various competencies needed to provide effective solutions through the Internet of Things are provided by many distinct companies [55]. Thus, a truly effective business model that exploits the Internet of Things must be based on a company's unique resources. [PERSON] et al. argue that a significant success factor for technology companies is their Business Model Innovation. Their study shows that the strategic aspects of Business Model Innovation are \"proactive market orientation, technology orientation, entrepreneurial orientation, and adaptive marketing capabilities\" [56]. All these factors share one common theme--strong adaptation. To achieve competitive advantage and customer satisfaction, companies need to show a robust adaptive nature in their business model. [PERSON] et al. emphasize that the Internet of Things will be very different in nature compared to the Internet that we use now, even though it will utilize similar systems, RFID, internet protocols, and WSN [57]. The reason for this is that the Internet of Things will greatly impact how human beings and objects interact at any time [57]. [PERSON] focuses on how distance education will be affected by the Internet of Things. The author suggests that, with an effective business model, the Internet of Things may significantly affect distance education [58]. Furthermore, the author claims that resources can be saved, advances in business systems can be promoted, and more widespread resources in the education industry can be maintained in this way [58].