## 3 Results
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Groups of Rats**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Altoric Index of Bone Marrow Cells**} \\ \cline{2-4}  & **All Cells** & **Erythroid Cells** & **White Cells** \\ \hline Ir control, (n = 5) & 8.8 \(\pm\) 1.0 & 4.2 \(\pm\) 1.2 * & 4.6 \(\pm\) 1.6 \\ \hline Ir+AC, (n = 5) & 13.8 \(\pm\) 1.5 ** & 7.0 \(\pm\) 1.4 & 6.8 \(\pm\) 0.7 \\ \hline healthy control, (n = 5) & 11.6 \(\pm\) 2.0 & 6.8 \(\pm\) 1.6 & 4.8 \(\pm\) 1.6 \\ \hline \end{tabular}  
* \(p\) < 0.05 in comparison with h.control; ** \(p\) < 0.01 in comparison with Ir.control.  
\end{table} 
Table 1: Mitotic index (quantity of mitosis per 1000 cells): in all bone marrow, erythroid and white bone marrow cells on the 9 th day after Irradiation in irradiated control group (Ir.control), irradiated rats receiving activated charcoal (Ir+AC). \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Groups of Rats**} & \multirow{2}{*}{\
\begin{tabular}{c} **Number of Analyzed** \\ **Metaphases** \\ \end{tabular} } & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**Aberrations per 100 Metaphases**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Total**} \\ \cline{3-6}  & &
\begin{tabular}{c} **Chromatid Type** \\ **(M \(\pm\) SE)** \\ \end{tabular} & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**Chromosome Type, (M \(\pm\) SE)**} & \\ \cline{3-6}  & & **(M \(\pm\) SE)** & **Paired Fragments** & **Dicentries** & **Rings** & \\ \hline Ir control, (n = 5) & 755 & 1.9 \(\pm\) 0.2 & 2.3 \(\pm\) 0.2 & 0.1 \(\pm\) 0.1 & 0 & 4.28 \(\pm\) 0.3 * \\ \hline Ir+AC, (n = 5) & 705 & 1.5 \(\pm\) 0.3 & 0.9 \(\pm\) 0.3 & 0 & 0 & 2.2 \(\pm\) 0.2 ** \\ \hline healthy control, (n = 5) & 740 & 1.2 \(\pm\) 0.3 & 0.3 \(\pm\) 0.2 & 0 & 0 & 1.6 \(\pm\) 0.3 \\ \hline \end{tabular}  
* \(p\) < 0.05 in comparison with healthy control; ** \(p\) < 0.05 in comparison with Ir.control.  
\end{table} 
Table 2: Chromosome aberration frequencies in bone marrow cells of rats from the irradiated control group (Ir.control) and irradiated animals receiving activated charcoal (Ir+AC) on the 9 th day after irradiation. Macroscopic changes in the small intestine were apparent at 1 day after Irradiation in both Irradiated groups of animals when compared to healthy controls (Figure 6b,c versus Figure 6a,a1). IR-treated animals exhibited severe villous epithelial atrophy, significant loss of crypt architecture, villus degeneration and marked infiltration without any mitosis. These typical signs of severe irradiated damage were detectable at day 9 post-irradiation in the small intestines of irradiated animals (Figure 6c), but not in rats treated with activated carbon (Figure 6e). At day 9 post irradiation, animals treated with AC showed a pronounced level of reduced intestinal morphological changes caused by Ir., including reductions in cellular infiltration and appearance of multiple mitosis. Figure 6: Effect of activated charcoal (AC) on radiation-induced damage of the small intestine (histological appearance, \(\times\)400 magnification). Representative pictures: (**a,a1**) healthy control group; (**a**) Cell mitosis in the crypts of the small intestine of healthy animals; (**a1**) Glandular cells-Paneth cells contain fine-grained acidophilic granules (arrow); (**b**) _Ir. control group_ (1 st day): in most crypts, cells are destroyed and are represented as contours of dead cells (arrows). Only higher to the top of the villi enterocytes have a normal structure. These are differentiated cells, which are less sensitive to the action of radiation, they move to the tops of the villi and desquamate; (**c**) Ir. control group (9 th day)—Crypt cells are not restored; their destruction is observed. Crypts remain empty (arrows), mitotic activity is not observed; (**d**) Ir+AC group (1 st day)—Dystrophic and necrotic changes of enterocytes in the lower part of the villi of the small intestine, the appearance of single mitoses (arrow); (**e**) Ir+AC group (9 th day): The villus enterocytes do not show signs of destruction, have a normal morphology. The appearance of numerous mitoses (arrows).