## 4 Discussion  
While the enclosed smart farming system shows great promise, several technical issues must be addressed to maximize its potential. These include nozzle clogging in the nutrient solution head, difficulties in achieving uniform mist distribution, and the physical limitations of devices hindering precise control of the nutrient solution. Future research should focus on refining the nutrient cartridge design to address nozzle clogging and accommodating actual water and dilution needs.  
The misting system's oiliness issue also requires attention, as it hinders nutrient and moisture absorption by the roots. Research should explore methods to thoroughly remove oiliness and develop fine particle circulation misting methods for enclosed spaces. These innovations would significantly reduce water usage and simplify installation processes.  
Addressing environmental pollution in smart farming involves minimizing water circulation and exploring mechanical and biological methods for redistributing water within the cultivation area through a drainage system. Additionally, further research on airflow circulation methods is needed to optimize performance and efficiency based on differences in plants' respiratory rates [45]. Studies on fluid dynamics to create gas flow  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c} \hline \hline
**Air Circulation: Water Harvest** & **Usage of Water** \\ \hline
521 L & 176 L \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 3: Water usage.  
Figure 9: Monitoring system comparison graphs: These graphs demonstrated that, in the absence of external factors, the system maintains stable environmental conditions within the sealed system. The lines in different colors represent the data from six different growing beds.  
within the enclosed smart farming system will ensure consistent internal environments and increase water usage efficiency by recycling atmospheric water.  
To provide a comprehensive understanding of its economic viability, we conducted a cost comparison between our inflatable smart farm system and traditional container farms. The analysis included initial setup costs, operational expenses, and yield outputs. The Table 4 highlights the differences.  
It is challenging to compete with open-field crops in terms of cost under normal conditions because crops grown in indoor environments are significantly more expensive. However, considering the increasing frequency of extreme weather events and environmental pollution, the interest in indoor smart farms is rising. Despite the ongoing costs for maintenance and research, our proposed system offers a unique solution. It can be folded and stored in places like warehouses and deployed during emergencies. In situations where traditional farming is not feasible, the higher cost of crops grown in our system becomes justified as it ensures food production during crises.  
In practical terms, the competitive advantage of our system lies in its flexibility and rapid deployment capability, making it a critical tool for food security in crisis situations. By addressing both environmental sustainability and emergency readiness, our inflatable smart farm system presents a viable alternative when outdoor farming is compromised. Furthermore, additional validation will be conducted in Jordan as part of a KOICA ODA project.