## 1 Introduction
presented the long-life steel bridge deck pavement (LLSBDP) and proposed the \"SMA + EAC\" pavement structure. The material and structural performance of SMA + EAC was evaluated by combining numerical analysis and indoor tests and compared with the double-layer EAC structure. The results demonstrated that the pavement material had good stability and deformation coordination with the steel bridge panels. Moreover, it was difficult to extend the defects of the SMA layer to the EAC layer, and only the top SMA layer needed to be repaired or reconstructed periodically, extending the service life of the SBDP. Additionally, the better skid resistance and lower cost of SMA gave the structure significant economic and social benefits [21]. [PERSON] et al. optimized the pavement materials for the SMAM + EAM structure and compared and analyzed the dynamic mechanical response of different pavement structures using finite element analysis. From the results, it can be seen that the performance of the SMAM + EAM structure could meet the application requirements of the SBDP. Compared with double-layer EAM, although the deformation resistance of the SMAM + EAM structure was reduced, the low-temperature crack resistance and interlayer shear resistance were improved [22]. The above research indicates that the SMAC + EAC structure can fully utilize the advantages of both materials and has application and promotion potential. Specifically, with excellent overall performance, EAC is used in the bottom layer as a waterproof and load-bearing layer to protect the steel bridge plate whilst providing coordinated deformation capability; SMAC in the top layer is used as a wearing layer to ensure driving safety. Additionally, only the top layer of SMAC needs to be repaired or resurfaced when the pave ment layer is severely damaged, which has the advantage of being easy to maintain with a low cost. Notably, although scholars have conducted many indoor tests and simulations on SMAC + EAC structures, there is a lack of comparison and verification of entity projects. On this basis, this study based on the SBDP reconstruction project of the Chuanshan-Ningbo highway, the ERS system and SMAC + EAC structure were adopted on the lanes on two sides, respectively, and the comparative evaluation was carried out in combination with the operation. This study aims to verify the excellent overall performance and feasibility of the SMAC + EAC structure through entity engineering and promote the scaled application of this structure in SBDP. Firstly, tensile and viscosity tests were used to evaluate the mechanical properties and construction allowable time of epoxy SBS asphalt (ESA) binders with different epoxy resin (EP) contents. Then, the mixtures prepared with different ESA binders and high-viscosity SBS asphalt (HSA) binders were analyzed for high-temperature stability, low-temperature crack resistance, moisture damage resistance, and skid resistance, and the appropriate modifier contents were selected by considering performance and cost. Finally, the trial road lanes that have been in operation for one year were tested to compare and evaluate the service conditions of the ERS and SMAC + EAC structures.