# Evaluation of VoIP QoS Performance in Wireless Mesh Networks
## 4 Results and Analysis
### First Responders with Waypoint Mobility  
This scenario considers 31 first responders approaching a disaster-affected site with an area of 400 \(\times\) 600 m. The mobility pattern for each node is the waypoint mobility model. This mobility model reflects that the responders move to specific positions in order to approach the affected site and to provide the necessary help and support to people in the area. In QualNet, the movements and positions of nodes are based on their initial position and their next moves within the terrain. The nodes start moving at time 0 to position x and y. A node's movement speed is determined by the simulation tool \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**Parameters** & **Values** & **Remarks** \\ \hline Network Diameter & 35 & Default \\ Node Traversal Time & 40 ms & Default \\ Active Route Timeout Interval & 3 s & Default \\ My Route Timeout Interval & 6 s & Default \\ Maximum RREQ Retries & 2 & Default \\ Route Deletion Constant & 5 & Default \\ Maximum Number of Buffered Packets & 100 & Default \\ Maximum Buffer Size & 0 & Default \\ TIL Start & 1 & Default \\ TIL Increment & 2 & Default \\ TIL Threshold & 7 & Default \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 6: AODV parameters. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Parameters** & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**Values**} & **Remarks** \\ \cline{2-5}  & **802.11** & **802.11e** & **802.11s** & **Remarks** \\ \hline
**MAC-PROTOCOL** & **MACDOTI1** & **802.11e** & **MACDOTI1** & \\ \hline MAC-dot11-sp & N/A & N/A & No & Not required \\ MAC-dot11-scan-type & N/A & N/A & Active & Required for 802.11s \\ MAC-dot11-sta-ps-mode-enable & N/A & N/A & No & Default \\ Dummy-MAC-dot11-set-mesh-parameters & N/A & N/A & Yes & Required for 802.11s \\ MAC-dot11s-mesh-id & N/A & N/A & mean1 & Required for 802.11s \\ MAC-dot11s-path-protocol & N/A & N/A & HWMP & Required for 802.11s \\ MAC-dot11s-hwmp-active-route-timeout & N/A & N/A & 5 s & Default \\ MAC-dot11s-hwmp-my-route-timeout & N/A & N/A & 10 s & Default \\ MAC-dot11s-hwmp-reverse-route-timeout & N/A & N/A & 5 s & Default \\ MAC-dot11s-hwmp-route-discovery-type & N/A & N/A & Expanding-ring & Set for on demand mode \\ MAC-dot11s-path-metric & N/A & N/A & Airtime & Default metric for 802.11s \\ MAC-dot11s-link-setup-rate-limit & N/A & N/A & 1 & Default \\ MAC-dot11s-net-diameter & N/A & N/A & 7 & Default \\ MAC-dot11s-node-traversal-time & N/A & N/A & 100 ms & Default \\ MAC-dot11s-portal-timeout & N/A & N/A & 10 s & Default \\ MAC-dot11-directional-antenna-mode & N/A & N/A & No & Not required \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 5: _Cont._in a way that it reaches next position x and y at the configured time slot. For example, if Node 1 is in position x = 276, y = 17 at time 0 s, and Node 1's next move is to reach position x = 243, y = 184 at time 60 s, this means that Node 1 moves 33 m along the \(x\)-axis and 167 m along the \(y\)-axis, so the node's movement is towards the \(y\)-axis. This gives an average speed of 2.7 m/s. Some nodes reach their final position after 240 s in four moves and some nodes reach it in eight moves. For nodes with four moves, the configured time for each movement is 60 s. For nodes with eight moves, the configured time for each movement is 30 s. For example, if Node 4's movement from its initial position at time 0 is x = 147, y = 27, this node's movement to the final position of x = 232, y = 336 at time 240 is configured with 8 moves, then the configured time for next movement is in 30-s time slots. A screenshot of a scenario with the mobility pattern is shown in Figure 5. The flags with dotted lines show the positions to which the nodes move; the dotted lines connected to a cloud show the IPv4 subnet association. The solid lines show VoIP peers. The figure also shows the nodes' initial positions, waypoints/paths, and the nodes' final positions. The main scenario of first responders with waypoint mobility has been tested in various sub-scenarios, as explained in Section 2.