## 3 Results and Discussion
### Wettability Analysis
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Parameters** & **Units** & **Adaxial** & **Abaxial** \\ \hline Angle (T = 1 s) & \({}^{\circ}\) & 72.6 & 85.2 \\ \hline Angle (T = 30 s) & \({}^{\circ}\) & 59.3 & 76.3 \\ \hline Mean angle & \({}^{\circ}\) & 67.49 \(\pm\) 4.8 & 80.05 \(\pm\) 2.6 \\ \hline Surface energy & UE.cm\({}^{-2}\) & - & 35.44 \(\pm\) 0.3 \\ \hline R\({}_{\text{f}}\) & - & - & 1.054 \(\pm\) 0.002 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 5: Contact angle and surface energy measurements for both sides of the leaf. Figure 7: Contact angle for both sides of the leaf. (**a**) T = 1 s and (**b**) T = 30 s for adaxial, and (**c**) T = 1 s and (**d**) T = 30 s for abaxial. and other parameters related to the microtexture of the leaf. The power spectrum density, fractal, and surface entropy parameters confirmed the strong fractal behavior of the plant leaf architecture, where the largest scale size displays greater irregularity, low dominant spatial frequencies, greater succolarity, high relative homogeneity, and good topographical uniformity. The pattern of decreasing topographic roughness and the persistent fractal behavior suggest that Andiroba leaf architecture can be easily monitored using microscopy techniques associated with fractal theory mathematical tools. The following are available online at [[https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/app11135848/s1](https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/app11135848/s1)]([https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/app11135848/s1](https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/app11135848/s1)), Figure S1: More relevant results of statistical and functional parameters, presenting of S1(a) to S1(c) height distribution histograms, S1(d) to S1(f) Sk parameters, S1(g) to S1(i) volume parameters, and S1(j) to S1(m) volume parameters for S50, S20, and S10, respectively, Figure S2: Representation of the surface texture directions of the more relevant analyzed samples for (a) S50, (b) S20, and (c) S10, Figure S3: Lacunarity distribution of AFM topographic maps with sizes of (a) 50 \(\times\) 50 \(\upmu\)m (S50), (b) 20 \(\times\) 20 \(\upmu\)m (S20), and (c) 10 \(\times\) 10 \(\upmu\)m (S10). R.S.M. : conceptualization, data curation, investigation, methodology, and writing--original draft. S.T. : funding acquisition, and writing--original draft. G.V.S.M. : formal analysis, resources, and writing--review and editing. E.P.P. : formal analysis, methodology, software, and writing--review and editing. M.A.P. : formal analysis, methodology, software, and writing--review and editing. L.G.A. : methodology and writing--review and editing. N.S.F. : conceptualization, project administration, validation, visualization, conceptualization, and writing--original draft. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. This research was supported by the Brazilian funding agency Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico-CNPq (grant no. 309054/2019-2). Not applicable. The data presented in this study are available on request from the corresponding author. The data are not publicly available due to large amount of data. There are no acknowledgments. The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results. References  
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