# Simulation-Based Evaluation of V2X System with Variable Computational Infrastructure
## 5 Conclusion and Discussion  
The rapid development of modern technologies in automotive transport necessitates addressing several challenges related to the efficiency of interaction between road infrastructure elements. There are two primary approaches to tackling this problem: enhancing the technical characteristics of utilized equipment (particularly constructing networks  
Figure 10: Percentage of request losses over simulation time.  
based on the new 5G mobile communication standard) and improving the organizational and algorithmic aspects of V2X infrastructure operation.  
This paper presents a new simulation system that enables map construction for the simulation, defines the position of key V2X system elements, specifies their characteristics, conducts simulations that consider transmitted message sizes, and evaluates results that account for interference and noise through loss parameters.  
Several approaches are utilized to organize the operation of dynamic systems, including clustering, fog computing, and edge computing. The introduction of mRNAs to assist stationary RSUs can significantly reduce V2X system maintenance costs while controlling minor increases in losses. Therefore, selecting a model requires finding a balance between the number of RSU clusters and the number of mRNA's saturating the system. With high-efficiency map coverage using RSUs, the benefits of mRNAs moving with the traffic flow become negligible.  
Numerical simulation results indicate that the final outcome is influenced by the average flow speed, RSU coverage density, the path loss model, and the number of RSUs requiring a direct connection to the EC.  
In summary, the proposed approach offers a flexible and efficient platform for V2X simulation. Leveraging OpenStreetMap data enables a realistic road network representation, while the simulation system allows for detailed modeling of OBU-RSU interactions, including data transmission, attenuation, and losses. The simulations demonstrated that direct RSU-EC connections minimize data loss, although clustering offers a more cost-effective solution. The integration of mRNAs can further enhance system performance, albeit with limited gains under uniform RSU coverage, due to the challenges of dynamic connection management. Furthermore, system stability analysis confirmed equilibrium within a reasonable timeframe. However, known limitations exist due to the simplified mobility model as the potential complexity increases with 3D and physical modeling.  
Utilization of our system will subsequently lead to achieving the necessary balance of safety, reducing system load, and ensuring a high degree of vehicle automation.  
Future research directions include assessing the energy efficiency of the proposed V2X system models and identifying optimal offloading algorithms for OBUs and RSUs within clusters. Additionally, an effort will be made to move from theoretical reasoning to practical implementation. In the future, the authors plan to scale the simulation model to expand the range of V2X applications it can support. The authors' implementation of the proposed approach is publicly available on GitHub [53].  
Conceptualization, A.V.; methodology, A.V. and P.P.; software, G.T. and P.P.; validation, G.T. and P.P.; formal analysis, A.V. and P.P.; data curation, G.T.; writing--original draft preparation, G.T. and P.P.; writing--review and editing, A.V.; visualization, G.T.; project administration, A.V.; funding acquisition, A.V. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. This research was funded by the Russian Science Foundation, grant number 24-29-00304, [[https://rscf.ru/en/project/24-29-00304/](https://rscf.ru/en/project/24-29-00304/)]([https://rscf.ru/en/project/24-29-00304/](https://rscf.ru/en/project/24-29-00304/)) (accessed on: 20 December 2024). Data Availability Statement: Data are contained within article.  
The authors declare no conflicts of interest.