# Secure Data of Industrial Internet of Things in a Cement Factory Based on a Blockchain Technology
## 2 Related Works  
The IIoT was developed to improve industrial processes and can provide real-time information collection, processing, storage, and event management [8; 13]. Traditional IIoT mechanisms still suffer from several security threats such as Sybil, modification, impersonation, replay, MIM, repudiation, DoS, and distributed DoS attacks [14; 15]. All of these threats can be prevented through the use of blockchain technology, which can play a pivotal role in ensuring secure communication between each type of activity and building trust among communicating nodes [16]. The IIoT is revolutionizing industry from many perspectives, such as manufacturing, supply, and retailing. In this section, we review several recent studies that are closely related to blockchain applications in the industrial sector. The first blockchain-based digital currency system is Bitcoin, which was introduced by [PERSON] in 2008 [17]. There are many similarities between the IIoT and Bitcoin systems, such as huge numbers of nodes, rigorous security and privacy requirements, and the continuous exchange of data. Blockchain technology is therefore acknowledged as the most suitable choice for industrial applications. [PERSON] et al. [18] proposed a consortium blockchain to build trust between connected devices in various domains. For the authentication process, the author utilizes the identity-based signature (IBS), while Ephermental Elliptic Curve Diffe-Hellman (EECDH) used for the key agreement process. Then, the authors design a new mechanism for identity management to preserve the privacy of participants devices, through it the authenticated devices remain anonymous. [PERSON] et al. [14] explored the provision of security in the industrial sector for offices distributed over several countries and proposed a hybrid Blockchain mechanism. [PERSON] et al. [19] overcame the challenges associated with information traceability in a steel factory by presenting a blockchain-based quality traceability system. In this scheme, clients could gain access to process information and trace the quality of a product in a secure manner. [PERSON] et al. [20] developed a distributed P2P energy transaction model in which smart contracts were used to ensure the transparency and tamper-resistance of credit scores. [PERSON] et al. [21] presented a software status monitoring system based on the blockchain and IIoT, in which the blockchain was used for storage purposes. In their work, [PERSON] et al. [22] focused on both a business and its customers, and proposed a smart healthcare business model for the prediction of patient status by collecting suitable data from the Internet of Medical Things. In any communication system, the overall security of the system poses a significant challenge, and this is especially true for the IIoT sector [23]. However, blockchain technology can overcome a wide range of cybersecurity threats. All of the research studies reviewed here are limited in that they use blockchain technology only for its efficiency in recording sensor data in industrial environments, and do not explore its applicability to other industrial operations; there is a lack of discussion in the literature of schemes for applications at the device level. Furthermore, most studies have relied on the use of open-source platforms and PoW as a consensus mechanism to provide blockchain services, which is exposed to 51% security attacks and required a high cost of energy and hardware [10; 11; 24; 25; 26; 27]. To overcome the aforementioned challenges, we propose a trusted, scalable, low power, lightweight, and efficient security scheme based on a decentralized private blockchain architecture for a cement factory. By adopting a decentralized architecture, we address the problems of a single point of failure, latency, and bottlenecks, and eliminate the need for a relationship with a third party, which typically leads to an increase in the execution time needed for authentication and other services and poses a potential security threat to the whole system.