# Systematic Review on the Use of CCPM in Project Management: Empirical Applications and Trends
## 3 Results

Table 1: List of the authors, the research method applied, and the objective of the study. Most of the articles analyzed present developed and simulated models, and the majority of the studies simulate the results of empirical cases generated by these models to assess their quality and robustness. Table 4 lists the number of publications, considering the application and its objective. To facilitate the understanding of the studies analyzed, the 62 articles listed in Table 1 were described individually below in the same order. However, based on the information regarding application and research method, it is possible to classify them along two axes. Regarding the application field, most studies are concentrated in the construction sector (eighteen articles), information technology (IT) (four articles), the energy industry (three articles), and manufacturing (five articles). In contrast, 28 studies do not specify the application domain. In terms of research methods, there is a clear predominance of modeling and simulation approaches (forty-one articles), followed by case studies (thirteen articles), theoretical studies (five articles), action research (one article), surveys (one article), and Design Science Research (DSR) (one article). This distribution highlights a predominantly technical and quantitative focus in the recent CCPM literature, underscoring methodological and sectoral gaps that are further explored in the Discussion section. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline
**Author and Year of Publication** & **Application** & **Method** & **Study Objective** \\ \hline [PERSON] and [PERSON] [73] & No application & Theoretical Study & Risk reduction and monitoring \\ [PERSON] et al. [74] & Sustainable projects & Case Study & Risk reduction and monitoring \\ [PERSON] et al. [16] & Oil and gas projects & Case Study & Reduction in project time \\ [PERSON] et al. [75] & No application & Modeling and Simulation & Risk reduction and monitoring \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: _Cont._ \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c} \hline
**Year of Publication** & **Number of Texts Evaluated** \\ \hline
2014 & 5 \\
2015 & 2 \\
2016 & 8 \\
2017 & 8 \\
2018 & 7 \\
2019 & 11 \\
2020 & 2 \\
2021 & 8 \\
2022 & 5 \\
2023 & 3 \\
2024 & 2 \\
2025 & 1 \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Year of publication of the qualitatively analyzed articles. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c} \hline
**Research Method** & **Quantity** \\ \hline Modeling and simulation & 41 \\ Case study & 13 \\ Theoretical study & 5 \\ Design science research & 1 \\ Action research & 1 \\ Survey & 1 \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Research methods used in the articles analyzed. In the first study, the concepts of Scrum, one of the agile project management methods, and CCPM were applied to information technology projects. The results indicate that the combination allows for effective communication between stakeholders, where Scrum generates the ability to respond quickly and CCPM manages and provides good support for meeting deadlines [19]. The next study presents a case study of structural projects for building construction. By combining Building Information Modeling (BIM) and CCPM tools in a framework, 19% of the projects were completed faster than the original schedule had predicted, indicating a reduction in project time [6]. Applying action research to a Brazilian company, where 185 people produce power and hand tools for the construction industry, aimed to identify the main performance problems of multi-project systems. After placing the opportunities, project deliveries occurred in a total time 17.1% less than planned [20]. In the fourth article analyzed, a theoretical study is carried out that seeks to relate the concepts of TOC and CCPM to project execution, demonstrating how the mix of ideas and techniques supports the identification of project bottlenecks and risks [26].