# Application of Collision Warning Algorithm Alarm in Fishing Vessel's Waterway
## 4 Application in Fishing Vessel's Waterway Based on Vpass Data
### Case Study of the Collision Warning Algorithm Application Based on Vpass Data
#### 4.2.2 Comparison between Waters with Alarms and Risky Waters  
This study assessed the risk level of the target waters using waterway risk assessment tools (i.e., PARK model, ES model, and IWRAP MkII) based on the Vpass data of the surrounding waters of Yeongheung Island collected for 7 days. The aim of this study was to verify the feasibility of the developed algorithm by identifying whether alarms were generated in the actual risk waters compared with areas having frequent alarms. Figure 10 shows the results of this analysis. Figure 10a-c depict target waters divided into a 100 \(\times\) 100 grid. Risk waters, including the alarm generated zones, areas with PARK model risk value at or over five, and those with ES value at or over 750, are indicated as heat maps. Figure 10d shows the results of collision frequency estimation using IWRAP MkII. It was observed that the Yeongheung waterways in the east of Yeongheung Island and the northern and southern areas of the target waters were zones having frequent alarms and were also assessed as risk waters by the PARK, ES model, and IWRAP MkII. Thus, we confirmed that frequent alarms are generated in actual risky waters. For a more accurate comparison, the study attempted to identify risk legs by applying an identical location, length, and width of the leg used in IWRAP MkII. Figure 11 shows images in which 110 legs were applied in accordance with the traffic flow in the target waters, and Figure 12 presents a comparison between the generated alarms and the risk-level assessment results. Figure 10: (**a**) Heat map of the alarm generation zone, (**b**) heat map with the PARK model risk value at or above five, (**c**) heat map with ES value at or over 750, and (**d**) results of the collision frequency estimation by IWRAP MkII. Figure 12a shows the ratio of alarms generated at the corresponding leg to the total number of alarms. The 10 legs in the order of most alarms generated were legs 78, 80, 16, 15, 13, 14, 10, 105, 82, and 79. Figure 12b shows the ratio of the number with the PARK model  
Figure 11: Target waters to which \(110\) legs were applied according to the traffic flow. Figure 12: (**a**) Graph of the alarm generation ratio depending on the number of legs, (**b**) graph of the ratio of PARK model risk value at or over five depending on the number of legs, (**c**) graph of the ratio of ES value at or over 750 depending on the number of legs, and (**d**) graph of the yearly collision estimation frequency depending on the number of legs. risk value at or above five at the corresponding leg to the total number with the PARK model risk value at or above five. The 10 legs in the order of risk level assessed as highly risky by the PARK model were legs 78, 16, 80, 14, 13, 15, 105, 10, 82, and 79. Figure 12c shows the ratio of the number with the ES value at or above 750 at the corresponding leg to the total number with the ES value at or above 750. The 10 legs in the order of risk level assessed as risky by the ES model were legs 13, 14, 15, 16, 10, 105, 71, 81, 53, and 17. Figure 12d shows the number of estimated yearly collisions depending on the leg evaluated by IWRAP MkII. The 10 legs in the order of highest yearly estimated collisions were legs 16, 15, 14, 105, 19, 18, 20, 17, 13, and 12. In all these figures, legs 13, 14, 15, 16, and 105, which represent the eastern waters of Yeongheung Island, showed the highest number of alarms and highest risk levels. Additionally, the legs in the south or approaching the south of the target waters, legs 53, 71, 79, 81, and 82, were not in the top-10 rankings. However, they had multiple alarms and were identified as risky based on PARK and ES models. The southern zone of the target waters is congested with fishing ships during spring and summer [35]. Considering that the used data were collected in May, those areas were assessed to be risky, owing to the many fishing ships.