# A Fast Acquisition Algorithm for Hybrid Signals of 5G and BeiDou B1
## 1 Introduction
propose the use of hybrid GNSS, 5G, and sensor algorithms to provide accurate three-dimensional (3D) location and motion information, especially for challenging urban and suburban scenarios; analyze existing localization techniques, including signals, localization methods, algorithms, and architectures; and discuss design considerations for 5G overlay networks through simulation results on 5G signal bandwidth, antenna arrays, and network deployment [18]. [PERSON] et al. developed a positioning algorithm combining BDS and 5G technologies. The experimental results show that introducing 5G base stations can effectively improve the positioning accuracy and the reliability of positioning results under different occlusion conditions. Increasing the number of 5G base stations or optimizing the geometric configuration can further improve the accuracy and reliability of the fused positioning technique. The more severe the satellite occlusion environments, the better the improvement is with introducing 5G base stations [19]. [PERSON] et al. proposed a combined RTK/fifth generation (5G) mobile communication technology positioning model to improve positioning accuracy under medium and long baselines. In particular, the RTK/5G model can also achieve good positioning results in some cases where satellites are obscured. The combined RTK/5G positioning model is essential for achieving high-accuracy, real-time, and continuous positioning in complex environments [20]. The following study focuses on the specific structure and algorithms of 5G/GNSS hybrid reception and compares the algorithms' performance. [PERSON] et al. proposed a 5G millimeter-wave-based radar-assisted localization method. The experimental results showed that the proposed radar detection method was well suited for UAV detection and identification, providing an effective GPS-independent method for UAV tracking [21]. [PERSON] et al. simulated digital surface models (DSMs) associated with different urban scenarios, calculating and analyzing the time series of the number of GNSS satellites in the field of view, their geometry, and the derived quality indices. They analyzed different geometric configurations of 5G base stations simulated around the observer in an urban canyon. The results showed a significant improvement in the localization performance in different urban scenarios [22]. [PERSON] et al. point out that due to the high power of the 5G base station, it can become an interferer for vulnerable BeiDou B1I receivers. This adverse effect can be offset by reducing the interfering signal ratio (ISR), increasing the integration time, or increasing the accumulation time [23]. [PERSON] et al. proposed a Kalman-filter-based receiver autonomous integrity monitoring (RAIM) algorithm to ensure safe vehicle navigation in urban environments using sequential measurements from GNSS and 5G [24]. [PERSON] et al. proposed a new scenario definition and a generic and representative 5G and GNSS observation data model for simulation experiments using 5G centimeter-wave (cmWave) and millimeter-wave (mmWave) transmissions for high-accuracy positioning to complement the availability of GNSS in harsh environments such as urban canyons. The re sults show that positioning accuracy can reach a sub-meter level in harsh environments [25]. [PERSON] et al. point out that for high-precision positionings, such as supporting autonomous driving or industrial automation, the integration of GNSS (augmented by precision or differential corrections), ground-based technologies, and complementary sensors will play a key role in 5G positioning [26]. As shown in Figure 1, we first analyze the compatibility of BeiDou navigation and 5G signals, summarize the 5G band range of the proximity of BeiDou signals, and discuss the NR spectrum characteristics and radiation characteristics of 5G signals to conclude the reception feasibility of these two hybrid signals.