## 3 Results and Discussion
Probably a higher concentration of \(\beta\)-CD in the original emulsion, affected brighter color of the obtained powders. [PERSON] et al. [56] and [PERSON] et al. [14] also reported that the brightness of powders depends on the proportion of carriers used in powder production and that color is one of the most important sensory parameters determining the acceptability of products for food and pharmaceutical applications. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Source of Variation**} & **L*** & **a*** & **b*** & **H*** & **C*** \\ \cline{2-6}  & _p =_ 0.55_ & _p =_ 0.61_ & _p =_ 0.12_ & _p =_ 0.21_ & _p =_ 0.14_ \\ \hline SD-GA & 86.53 \(\pm\) 1.12 a & 11.26 \(\pm\) 0.98 a & 43.98 \(\pm\) 1.24 a & 75.67 \(\pm\) 0.81 a & 45.40 \(\pm\) 1.14 a \\ SD-\(\beta\)-CD & 88.51 \(\pm\) 1.22 a & 11.25 \(\pm\) 0.97 a & 38.56 \(\pm\) 1.31 a & 73.77 \(\pm\) 0.81 a & 40.17 \(\pm\) 0.99 a \\ SD-GA:\(\beta\)-CD (1:1) & 87.05 \(\pm\) 1.26 a & 12.44 \(\pm\) 0.69 a & 42.19 \(\pm\) 1.28 a & 73.58 \(\pm\) 0.39 a & 43.99 \(\pm\) 1.81 a \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}  
* Results are expressed as mean \(\pm\) standard error. Values with different letters within a row are significantly different at \(p\leq 0.05\). SD-GA = powder produced by spray drying using gum arabic, SD-\(\beta\)-CD = powder produced by spray drying using \(\beta\)-cyclodextrinartin, SD-GA:\(\beta\)-CD (1:1) = powder produced by spray drying mixture of gum arabic and \(\beta\)-cyclodextrinartin.  
\end{table} 
Table 3: Color parameters of powders produced by spray drying using gum arabic, \(\beta\)-cyclodextrinartin and their mixture. Due to the health-promoting properties of carotenoids, they are increasingly being used for food fortification, and their daily consumption is strongly recommended. \(\beta\)-Carotene, an essential source of vitamin A in the human diet, is very sensitive to chemical degradation due to its unsaturated groups, particularly when exposed to pro-oxidants, high temperatures, and light [57]. Encapsulation allows the carotenoids to be more easily distributed in the diet, which increases their solubility and, consequently, their accessibility and availability in the gut [58; 59]. The bioaccessibility of \(\beta\)-carotene in powders obtained by SD using GA, \(\beta\)-CD, and their mixture is shown in Figure 2 and ranges from 83.58 to 92.51%. The results obtained show excellent gastrointestinal stability and bioaccessibility of \(\beta\)-carotene, indicating a high applicability of SD as the technique of choice for carotenoid encapsulation. This is in line with recent research indicating that the SD method is more suitable than freeze-drying for the encapsulation of carotenoids, as it improves their stability and enhances the bioaccessibility to a greater extent [60]. Recent studies have reported good protection of carotenoids by microencapsulation [61; 62], i.e., [PERSON] et al. [62] and [PERSON] et al. [63] reported that carrier materials effectively protect funcoxanthins and astaxanthins in the gastric environment, thus improving their bioaccessibility [62; 63]. The choice of encapsulation agent may play an important role in determining the bioaccessibility of \(\beta\)-carotene. Such effects are generally achieved by influencing carotenoid stability, release mechanisms, interaction with lipids, or physical properties of the particles [64]. According to the study by [PERSON] et al. [65], the fatty acid composition of the oil has an influence on the bioavailability of carotenoids. For example, the bioaccessibility of carotenoids was positively influenced by the presence of monounsaturated fatty acids such as oleic acid, which is present in high concentrations in SBO used in our study.