## 1 Introduction
As a result, if the sending vehicle experiences GPS outage, its neighboring vehicles will also experience GPS outage [12]. To address this problem, we present a geometrical localization technique in this paper. Geographic forwarding protocols choose the shortest path, which could result in a greater packet error rate due to the poor quality of a link. The unequal distribution of vehicles on the highways makes it more difficult to select a route; for example, the shortest path in terms of geographic distance may experience more frequent path disconnections even though it is the shortest path. It is possible for there to be frequent communication disconnections between vehicles due to the dynamic and fast changing topology of vehicular networks [13]. There are a number of geographic routing protocols available that are based on GPS location or geography and quality of one link connection [13; 14; 15; 16; 17]. Junction-based Geographic Distance Routing (J-GEDIR) [13] using greedy forwarding with a bias toward the node closest to the destination at a junction is suggested. Peripheral-node-based Geographic Distance Routing (P-GEDIR) [14] is proposed to select the next forwarding vehicle from a forwarding region. An important part of the P-GEDIR is the idea of a \"peripheral node,\" or a node far from the sender that is selected by the next forwarding node. The next forwarding vehicle in the Voronoi region approaching the destination is chosen using Voronoi-diagram-based Geographic Distance Routing (V-GEDIR) [15]. In P-GEDIR, the border nodes are chosen as the next forwarding vehicle, and the coverage area is partitioned vertically toward the destination. These protocols [13; 14; 15] result in a minimal number of next forwarding vehicles being selected since they limit the size of the forwarding zone. They begin to work poorly if there are many vehicles in the congested reduced forwarding area. In addition, these protocols choose a next forwarding vehicle at the border to reduce the overall hop count. But because of their greater speed, transmission problems are more likely to occur in border vehicles. The quality of a hop connection link is significantly diminished by nearby impediments in the highway traffic setting, such as buildings and trees. All the above mentioned protocols disregarded this factor. To the best of our knowledge, a routing technique has not been developed considering specific connection links that proactively adapt to a topology that is continually changing due to vehicle mobility; instead, it has only used physical-layer-related information to provide criteria for the selection of the next forwarding vehicle. In this context, efficient geocast routing using the temporal dependence of link quality for highway IoV-traffic environment is proposed. More specifically, a highway traffic mobility model to find locations of the vehicles where GPS outage problem occurred and a temporal link quality estimation model are used to assist the EGR to select the next forwarding vehicle from the forwarding region. An analytical framework that measures the probability of precisely selecting the longest-lasting link among a set of specified links between a sending vehicle and its neighboring vehicles is presented. The main contribution of the paper is listed as follows:  
1. Firstly, geometrical localization for GPS outage is presented to know the GPS locations of the vehicles. 2. Secondly, a temporal link quality estimation model is proposed to capture the tendency of future link quality and residual link lifetime for the underlying structure for the vehicular traffic mobility model for highways. 3. Thirdly, a new kind of geocast routing is proposed using geometrical localization, temporal transmission probability, and residual link lifetime under shadowing fading condition for a highway traffic environment. 4. Finally, to show the benefit of the proposed routing, a comparison is made with state-of-the-art works in terms of one-hop link disconnection, throughput, and delay.