# Impact of Sound and Image Features in ASMR on Emotional and Physiological Responses
## 4 Discussion
### Sound and Image Features  
The comparison of sound characteristics between the two groups revealed that the HVLR group had louder, higher-pitched sounds with greater variability compared to the LVHR group. The HVLR videos exhibited significantly higher average values across various sound characteristics, reflecting greater power in each frequency range, indicating overall louder sound profiles. Specifically, the HVLR group showed much higher average and standard deviation values for power in the high-frequency band, mel power, general power, sensory power, and conversational power categories. MFCC feature extraction further indicated that the coefficients F1, F10, and F18 were significantly higher in HVLR group videos. In contrast, the coefficients F2, F3, and F4 were notably higher in LVHR group videos. The first MFCC (F1) represents the overall energy distribution of the sound signal and serves as an indicator of signal strength. F10 (1233-1800 Hz) and F18 (4300-5400 Hz) correspond to the medium- and high-frequency ranges, while F2, F3, and F4 reflect the low-frequency bands (66.67-433.33 Hz) [16]. These findings collectively suggest that HVLR group videos have a more variable and rich acoustic profile with higher acoustic power. In contrast, LVHR group videos feature relatively lower, less variable sounds, particularly in the medium and high-frequency ranges. As previously discussed, the LVHR and HVLR groups were classified based on subjective evaluations from the expert panel. Previous studies have confirmed that the HVLR group evokes high positivity and lively emotions, while the LVHR group induces high relaxation, with calm and static emotions. These results align with the findings of [PERSON] (2015) and [PERSON] (2020), who argued that fast-tempo, high-pitched sounds tend to induce positive and energetic emotions, whereas slower-tempo and lower-pitched sounds elicit relaxation [39; 40]. This study's results further support their conclusions. Beyond sound characteristics, HVLR group videos exhibited clearer and richer image components. All components of the RGB color space (red, green, blue) were significantly higher in the HVLR group compared to the LVHR group. These higher values indicate a greater proportion of the respective colors, resulting in clearer and brighter images. This suggests that HVLR group videos have brighter and more vivid visual elements than LVHR group videos. The grayscale value, calculated by combining the three components, was also significantly higher in the HVLR group, indicating overall brighter images. Additionally, the brightness values in both the HSV and LAB color spaces were significantly higher in the HVLR group. Therefore, HVLR group videos consistently had brighter images across all color spaces, suggesting higher arousal levels [41]. In terms of color, there was no statistically significant difference between red and green in the RGB color space. However, the HVLR group had the highest red component (R = 167.189, G = 156.911, B = 135.765), while the LVHR group had the highest blue component (R = 58.565, G = 59.811, B = 66.984). Green remained at a similar intermediate level in both groups. This trend was reversed between the LVHR and HVLR groups. The hue, a crucial variable in the HSV color space, showed significant differences between the LVHR group (m = 169.131) and the HVLR group (m = 72.673). In this space, a hue of 60 represents yellow, while 180 represents cyan. Thus, the HVLR group primarily exhibited yellow with a hint of green, whereas the LVHR group exhibited blue-green tones. In the LAB color space, the beta variable, which represents color, also showed significant differences. A positive beta value represents yellow, and a negative value represents blue. The HVLR group had a mean beta value of 12.269, while the LVHR group had a mean of \(-\)4.283. Thisindicates that the HVLR group primarily contained yellow components, while the LVHR group contained blue components.