## 3 Results and Discussion
### Inhibitory Activity on Key Enzymes  
To confirm the nutraceutical potential of the studied mushrooms, their hydroalcoholic extracts were evaluated on their capacity to inhibit LP, AG, AA, HMG-CoA reductase, and ODC (Figure 8). The hydroalcoholic extract of _A. jacksonii_ had lower IC\({}_{50}\) (<50 \(\upmu\)mL\({}^{-1}\)) on PL than that of the other mushrooms assayed (Figure 8a). Currently, few inhibitors of PL have been obtained from edible mushrooms. However, a stable inhibitor was successfully isolated from the fruiting bodies of _Phellinus linteus_[33]. AG and AA activities were mainly affected by the hydroalcoholic extract of _L. indigo_ and _C. nuda_ (<200 \(\upmu\)mL\({}^{-1}\) and <150 \(\upmu\)mL\({}^{-1}\), respectively). In contrast, the extracts of the other mushrooms showed moderate inhibitory activity against these enzymes (Figure 8b,c). A previous study revealed that the organic extracts of _Amanita hemibapha_, _A. hemibapha_, _A. pseudoprimes_, and _A. subhemibapha_ (consumed in Thailand) produced 20 to 30% inhibition on AG [34]. The conversion of the IC\({}_{50}\) obtained for the seven edible mushrooms consumed in the NHP revealed that they can inhibit 50 to 70% AG activity. Then, a deep exploration of the chemistry of _L. indigo_ and _C. nuda_ should be further performed. In the same context, previous investigation sustained that the alcoholic extract of _P. ostreatus_ inhibits AA at a concentration of 383 \(\upmu\)g mL\({}^{-1}\), being less effective than the hydroalcoholic extracts of _L. indigo_ and _C. nuda_[35]. The same investigation revealed that glycoproteins and catechins are possible candidates involved in the biological activity [35]. Then, our results on the inhibitory activity of the seven mushrooms consumed in the NHP on AA and AG may indicate that these sources can be tagged as a natural alternative to prevent hyperglycemia. Likewise, HMG-CoA reductase was strongly inhibited by the extracts of _L. indigo_ (<100 \(\upmu\)g mL\({}^{-1}\)) and _C. subclavipes_ (<150 \(\upmu\)g mL\({}^{-1}\)) (Figure 8d). Nevertheless, the extracts of _C. nuda_, _R. delica_, and _R. brevipes_ produced moderated inhibition on the enzyme (>200 \(\upmu\)g mL\({}^{-1}\)). Previous studies have demonstrated that low levels of statins may be accumulated in the fruiting bodies of some edible mushrooms, such as _P. ostreatus_[36]. It has been observed that the hypoclesterolemic effect of edible mushrooms is produced by variable biochemical processes  
Figure 7: Antioxidant potential of seven edible mushrooms consumed in the northeastern highlands of Puebla, Mexico. 1, _Lactarius indigo_. 2, _Clitocyhe nuda_. 3, _Clitocyhe subclavipes_. 4, _Russula delica_. 5, _Russula brevipes_. 6, _Clitocyhe squumulos_. 7, _Amanita jacksonii_. The total phenol content expressed in gallic acid equivalents (GAE; (**a**)) and the antioxidant capacity expressed in trolox equivalents (TEAC \(\upmu\)M/g; (**b**) are shown. Different letters indicate means (\(n\) = 15) with statistically significant differences by ANOVA-Tukey (\(p\) < 0.05). Raw data are presented in Table S6. The concentrations are presented in dry weight. such as impairing dietary cholesterol absorption or inhibiting the endogenous cholesterol metabolism by the biological activity of chitin and beta-glucans [36]. In any case, the rates of cholesterol absorption decrease by fecal excretion of bile [36]. In addition, the synergic activity of phenols and other bioactive metabolites, such as eritatendine (an adenosine analog alkaloid), can contribute to reducing cholesterol levels [36]. To our knowledge, studies have demonstrated the effect of edible mushroom extracts on HMG-CoA reductase. As is known, ODC is a relatively new and promising anti-proliferative target [37]. The hydroalcoholic extracts of _C. nuda_, _C. subclavipes_, and _A. jacksonii_ produced moderate inhibitory activity in ODC (180-250 ug mL\({}^{-1}\)), whereas that of _L. indigo_ (<50 ug mL\({}^{-1}\)) exerted the most potent inhibition of this enzyme (Figure 8e).