# Recurrence Quantification Analysis as a Form of Postural Control Assessment: A Systematic Review
## 3 Results
### Extreme Values for RQA Parameters  
Table 6 shows the minimum and maximum values of the parameters derived from the RQA analysis, with a link to the group of papers from which the value came. It is noteworthy that seven extreme values came from group number two (disability/disease), four from the first group (children/young/elderly), and three from the third group (sport/influence of motion/impact of visual stimuli). The DIV parameter did not appear at all. The lowest recurrence value appeared in the study of [PERSON] et al. [61] in the AP direction during a 30 s quiet stance in a semi-tandem for young subjects. The highest value was recorded by [PERSON] et al. [55] in the ML direction during 30 s of both legs standing with eyes open. The lowest %DET value was found in the paper of [PERSON] et al. [43] in the ML direction during 51.2 s of both legs standing with eyes open for the group called fall prevention before training intervention. The highest %DET was in the ML direction during 30 s of both legs standing on a rigid surface with eyes open [47]. The ENT value was the lowest in the ML direction during both legs standing (side-by-side) trials with eyes open lasting 60 s [51]. The highest ENT value was noted by [PERSON] et al. [56] during both leg standing trials lasting 30 s with eyes closed in the AP direction for healthy persons. TREND achieved all the time negative values. In both cases, the extreme values came from the disability/disease group. [PERSON] et al. [56] noted the lowest TREND value during 30 s of both legs standing with eyes open in the healthy group. [PERSON] et al. [45] found the highest TREND value during 30 s of both legs standing on a foam surface with vibrations of the ankle and back muscles. The lowest %LAM was reported by [PERSON] et al. [61] in the direction of AP during a 30 s semi-tandem quiet stance with eyes open in a group of elderly. The highest %LAM was during 30 s of both legs standing on a foam surface with eyes open for the first repeated trial in the group of elderly individuals [17]. In the same study, during standing with both legs on a foam surface with eyes closed, TT and LMAX values appeared the lowest. The highest TT was 3.99 \(\pm\) 0.69 in the previously discussed paper [61] during a semi-tandem \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline
**RQA Parameters** & **Minimal Values** & **Maximal Values** \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Recurrence (\%REC)} & 0.08 \(\pm\) 0.02 & 10.11 \(\pm\) 2.85 \\  & [PERSON] et al. [61] (3 rd group) & [PERSON] et al. [55] (2 nd group) \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Determinism (\%DET)} & 65.5 \(\pm\) 2.49 & 99.9 \(\pm\) 0.1 \\  & [PERSON] et al. [43] (3 rd group) & [PERSON] et al. [47] (2 nd group) \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Entropy (ENT)} & 1.3 & 6.91 \(\pm\) 0.59 \\  & [PERSON] et al. [51] (1 st group) & [PERSON] et al. [56] (2 nd group) \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Trend of recurrences (TREND)} & \(-\)6.77 \(\pm\) 4.0 & \(-\)0.17 \(\pm\) 0.07 \\  & [PERSON] et al. [56] (2 nd group) & [PERSON] et al. [45] (2 nd group) \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Laminarity (\%LAM)} & 0.56 \(\pm\) 0.12 & 95.7 \(\pm\) 2.00 \\  & [PERSON] et al. [61] (3 rd group) & [PERSON] et al. [17] (1 st group) \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Trapping time (TT)} & 0.298 \(\pm\) 0.104 & 3.99 \(\pm\) 0.69 \\  & [PERSON] et al. [17] (1 st group) & [PERSON] et al. [61] (2 nd group) \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Length of the longest diagonal} & 1.888 \(\pm\) 0.650 & 66.0 \(\pm\) 6.96 \\  & (LMAX) & [PERSON] et al. [17] (1 st group) & [PERSON] et al. [43] (2 nd group) \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Length of the mean diagonal} & 9.44 & 39.49 \(\pm\) 16.01 \\  & (LMEAN) & [PERSON] et al. [20] (3 rd group) \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Divergence (DIV)} & Did not appear in publications. & Did not appear in publications. \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 6: The minimal and maximal values of RQA parameters obtained in the reviewed papers, where 1 st group—children/young/elderly; 2 nd group—disability/disease; 3 rd group—sport/influence of motion/impact of visual stimuli. quiet stance for young subjects.