## 2 CIM-Based DMS Platform Structure Considering Interoperability
### CIM-Based Distribution Management System  
DMS is an IT system designed to remotely monitor and control the distribution network, aiming to improve the reliability and efficiency of a distribution system. As shown in Figure 3, the operating system can collect data generated by the terminal devices through the front-end processor (FEP) to monitor and control the status of the terminal devices installed on-site. Data exchange can occur via the DNP protocol with terminal devices. Additionally, interconnection to other systems can be facilitated through an external gateway [8]. Internally, the components of the DMS can exchange data based on the IEC 61970 standard, ensuring interoperability among them. The DMS comprises an information model, middleware, database, FEP, human-machine interface (HMI), and relevant applications. The information model represents the data model that DMS components intend to exchange with each other. Middleware functions as a data bus, providing communication and data exchange between components through messaging. The database is a comprehensive set of data managed and integrated by numerous individuals, allowing for systematic storage, integration, and structuring of data. The FEP communicates with terminal devices and wired/wireless communications networks using defined protocols to transmit data to the central control device. The HMI provides operators with real-time system status information via a screen interface. Lastly, the applications provide a variety of modules designed to operate systems efficiently, including load flow calculation, voltage control, as well as fault location, isolation, and service restoration (FLISR).  
Figure 3: General platform architecture of the CIM-based DMS.  
Figure 2: Transformation of a distribution network model into a CIM.  
Applying CIM to a DMS platform enables the establishment of a CBD-based development environment, allowing the management of DMS elements at a component level. Similarly to assembling IC chips or electronic components to create a PCB board, various components can be combined to develop a DMS. Moreover, leveraging standard interfaces allows multiple vendors to participate in building a single DMS without needing to develop all necessary technologies from scratch. With a platform supporting CIM-based standard interfaces, components can be installed in the application storage, allowing for flexible utilization. To establish such a platform, the database must comply with CIM standards. The information model may evolve with the addition, modification, or removal of new models to accommodate changes in the power industry business. However, as the RDBs are designed for CIM compliance, they may become increasingly complex and lose the advantages associated with RDB usage. To support such a CIM-based platform, the underlying information model must be clearly defined and systematically managed. In this context, the CIM is defined using UML class diagrams, and standard tools such as CIMTool and Enterprise Architect (EA) are utilized to automatically convert the model into RDF and XML representations. Furthermore, CIM extensions are conducted based on a structured methodology involving use case definition, business object design, and gap analysis, following the procedure proposed in [29].