## 5 Conclusions  
The measured current associated with a quantum device with few electrons has a quantum uncertainty due to the intrinsic stochastic process of the quantum measurement of the electrical current. From an engineering point of view, this quantum uncertainty becomes an undesired quantum noise that makes the discrimination of the final state in classical or quantum gates more difficult. To avoid the quantum uncertainty in the evaluation of the output value, one usually repeats the measurement at different time (using ergodic arguments) to compute a time-averaged value free from uncertainties. We have presented in this paper a new protocol that modifies the original quantum electron device to accommodate a larger number of electrons inside, so that the total electrical current of the modified device (when normalized to the number of electrons inside) gives the value of the output current without quantum uncertainty. We provide numerical examples for classical and quantum computing, with an RTD and MZI, respectively. We demonstrate that the many-particle wave function associated with the modified device is, in fact, an eigenstate of the many-particle electrical current operator. The similitude and differences of our protocol with the collective measurements is mentioned in the text. The results of our protocol can be alternatively understood as a consequence of the central limit theorem (see Appendix E). Although the assumption of non-interacting quasi-particles can seem reasonable in nanoscale electron devices, further work is needed to check whether or not the presence of strong Coulomb and exchange correlations among electrons located inside the device can affect the present predictions. In addition, the discussion on the advantages of the protocol presented here needs to be explored for the quantum measurements of transient currents and delay time of classical and quantum gates.  
Conceptualization, D.P., L.B., M.V., G.A., P.B., A.B. and X.O.; Formal analysis, D.P., L.B., M.V., G.A., P.B., A.B. and X.O.; Investigation, D.P., L.B., M.V., G.A., P.B., A.B. and X.O.; Methodology, D.P., L.B., G.A., P.B., A.B. and X.O.; Software, D.P., L.B., M.V., G.A., P.B., A.B. and X.O.; Supervision, G.A. and X.O.; Validation, D.P., L.B., M.V., G.A., P.B., A.B. and X.O.; Visualization, D.P., L.B., M.V. and X.O.; Writing--original draft, D.P., L.B., M.V., G.A., P.B., A.B. and X.O.; Writing--review and editing, D.P., L.B., M.V., G.A., P.B., A.B. and X.O.;  
Figure 5: **(a)** The Aharonov-Bohm oscillations of the mean current resulting due to the interference of the wavepackets at the output of the Detector 2 oscillating between the maximum and minimum limit of the mean current. **(b)** The instantaneous current normalized to the number of particles is plotted at the output of the detector 2 of the MZI with respect to the simulation time, for different number of electrons \(N\). As expected, the noise in the current reduces with the increase in the number of transport electrons due to the elimination of quantum uncertainty demonstrating the successful implementation of the protocol discussed in the text.  
**Acknowledgments:** The authors acknowledge funding from Fondo Europe de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER), the \"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion\" through the Spanish Project TEC2015-67462-C2-1-R, the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No Graphene Core2 785219 and under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No 765426 (TeraApps), and the EC Research Innovation Action under the H2020 for the Project HPC-EUROPA3 (INFRIAIA-2016-1-730897), together with the support provided by Barcelona Supercomputing Center (project HPC17D8 XLY).  
**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest.The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results'.