## 3 Results
### Evaluation of Synthesis of Cinnabarin from Pycnoporus sanguineus  
In all treatments, the hyphal growth of the CP-MaPs strain covered Petri dishes at 7 days after sowing. The texture of the colonies varied from cotton to velvety, presenting aerial mycelium in Figure 3(a1). The color of the strain changed from white to an intense orange at 7, 14 and 21 days after sowing (Figure 3). Interestingly, the diameter of the colonies had statistically significant differences (\(p\) < 0.001). PDA+C treatment presented the best growth rate of 0.4666 \(\pm\) 1.33 cm d\({}^{-1}\) and the highest pigmentation at 21 days (see Figure 3(d3)) as well as the greatest amount of fungal biomass (54.60 \(\pm\) 10.2 mg box\({}^{-1}\)). PDA+P presented a growth rate of 0.4333 \(\pm\) 0.43 cm d\({}^{-1}\) and a biomass of 49.45 \(\pm\) 11.9 mg box\({}^{-1}\), while PDA treatment was the least effective (Table 1). Figure 3: Development of strain CP-MaPs (_P. sanguineus_) and production of biomass: (**a1–a3**) = Control; (**b1–b3**) = PDA+C; (**c1–c3**) = PDA+G; (**d1–d3**) = PDA+P; (**a1,b1,c1,d1**) = incubation at 7 days; (**a2,b2,c2,d2**) = incubation at 14 days; (**a3,b3,c3,d3**) = incubation at 21 days. Figure 2: Pathogenicity tests with strain Xcf1-APJR: (**a**) Leaf of _P. vulgaris_ with necrotic foliar stain and chlorotic halo at 7 days after inoculation; (**b**) wilting and total necrosis of foliar tissue at 14 days; (**c**) control group without symptoms. After the evaluation period (7, 14 and 21 days), it was found that the production of cinnabarin showed statistically significant differences (\(p<0.001\)) among culture media (Table 2). The efficiency of the extract, understood as the relationship between the dry weight of the extract and the dry weight of the biomass, was not the same for the different treatments (PDA+G had a better performance, with 8.54% and the largest amount of dissolved biomass (0.013179 g)). However, fungal growth was not related to the increase of cinnabarin. The Medium PDA+C presented the largest inhibition area in 21 days, with 16.58 \(\pm\) 1.26 mm, followed by the medium PDA+P (15.62 \(\pm\) 0.91 mm). The PDA treatment presented the lowest area of inhibition at 7, 14 and 21 days. According to ANOVA, the addition of dehydrated papaya, dehydrated sugarcane and glucose to the culture medium PDA (3:1 \(v/v\)) affected the synthesis of cinnabarin (F = 79.07; \(p<0.001\)). In this context, the mycelium of _P. sanguineus_ from the PDA+C treatment showed an orange coloration that was clearly stronger than the other treatments at 21 days of growth. The PDA+C treatment had the highest yield of cinnabarin (54.33 InU/g), with statistically significant differences (\(p<0.0001\)), followed by the PDA+P treatment at 51.13 (InU/g). \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Strain** & **Treatment** & **Growth** & **Growth Speed** & **Biomass** \\  & & **(mm) \({}^{*}\)** & **(cm d\({}^{-1}\)) \({}^{*}\)** & **(mg box\({}^{-1}\)) \({}^{*}\)** \\ \hline  & PDA (Control) & 60.90 \(\pm\) 0.82 \({}^{\mathrm{d}}\) & 0.3625 \(\pm\) 1.20 \({}^{\mathrm{d}}\) & 44.12 \(\pm\) 7.5 \({}^{\mathrm{d}}\) \\ _P. sanguineus_ & PDA+C & 78.41 \(\pm\) 1.45 \({}^{\mathrm{a}}\) & 0.4666 \(\pm\) 1.33 \({}^{\mathrm{a}}\) & 54.60 \(\pm\) 10.2 \({}^{\mathrm{a}}\) \\  & PDA+P & 72.85 \(\pm\) 0.75 \({}^{\mathrm{b}}\) & 0.4333 \(\pm\) 0.43 \({}^{\mathrm{b}}\) & 49.45 \(\pm\) 11.9 \({}^{\mathrm{c}}\) \\  & PDA+G & 68.67 \(\pm\) 1.25 \({}^{\mathrm{c}}\) & 0.4083 \(\pm\) 1.52 \({}^{\mathrm{b}}\) & 51.72 \(\pm\) 8.6 \({}^{\mathrm{b}}\) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}  
* Media followed by the same letter does not present statistically significant differences (\(p\leq 0.05\)) according to [PERSON]’s test.  
\end{table} 
Table 1: Radial growth, specific growth rate and biomass obtained at 7 days of incubation for _P. sanguineus_.