## 1 Introduction  
Melanoma is a form of tumor that emerges when melanocytes experience a malignant alteration. This sort of cancer initiates in the skin, yet as the tumor advances, it can extend across the body as cancerous metastases [1]. One of the key factors that add to the formation of melanoma is exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, whether from natural sunlight or artificial sources. This radiation can induce skin burns that result in structural changes, potentially leading to scars that could eventually evolve into melanomas. Furthermore, UV radiation can impact the skin's healing process at a genetic level, causing modifications to the DNA. This, in time, can trigger mutations in normal cells, causing them to become cancerous. Genetic predisposition also plays a vital part, with a history of cancer in the family indicating susceptibility to UV radiation, especially in individuals characteristics such as fair skin, blue eyes, or a higher number of skin features, such as moles, freckles, or patches. Another contributing factor is the presence of benign growths with an elevated concentration of melanocytes and melanin, presenting as dark areas or moles [2, 3]. Nevertheless, the most prevalent cause of melanoma is, as previously mentioned, exposure to UV radiation, specifically from sunlight or artificial taming devices that emit such radiation. Prolonged or brief yet intense exposure to this form of radiation can lead to mutations within melanocytes, which contributes further to the formation of melanoma. In approximately 25% of instances, melanocytes arise from the transformation of moles, exhibiting characteristics, such as irregular shapes, alterations in color, significant sizes, compromised skin, or itching [4; 5]. In more advanced cases, there might even be instances of bleeding or inflammation. Melanomas can manifest in areas of the skin devoid of visible indications, on recently formed moles, or other skin marks. While certain moles can surpass a size of 5 mm, certain melanomas can be smaller than 5 mm, and their size does not necessarily indicate malignancy. Interestingly, these melanomas can arise even in regions that have not been exposed to UV radiation [6]. Melanoma ranks among the leading five causes of death among men and the top seven among women. It develops either from pre-existing lesions that undergo mutations or can originate in healthy skin [7]. According to [8], estimates for the year 2023 in the United States indicate around 97,610 new cases of melanoma, with 58,120 occurring in males and 39,490 in females. Additionally, there are projections of approximately 7990 deaths attributed to melanoma, comprising 5420 in males and 2570 in females [9]. Melanoma undergoes two distinct growth phases: a vertical phase and a radial phase. During the vertical growth phase, cancer cells penetrate deeply into the epidermis and, with time, progress through vertical expansion. At this stage, the cells infiltrate the dermis and give rise to metastasis, spreading throughout the body. Lesions resulting from melanoma are categorized based on their depth: thin (up to one millimeter thick), moderate (between 1-4 mm thick), and thick (exceeding 4 mm in thickness) [9; 10]. In the study outlined in [11], it was reported that in 2020, skin lesions in the form of melanoma accounted for 1.3% of all cancer-related deaths in European Union member states. Additionally, this type of cancer constituted 4% of all newly identified cancer cases. These statistics consequently positioned melanoma as the 15 th most prevalent cause of cancer-related fatalities within European Union member states [11]. On a global scale, approximately 57,000 deaths were recorded in 2020, reflecting a mortality rate of 0.4 per 100,000 for women and 0.7 per 100,000 for men [12]. Presently, the evaluation of such tumors involves a visual examination conducted by a specialized medical professional utilizing a dermatoscope. The diagnostic process takes into account factors such as asymmetry, irregular edges, color variations, size, and thickness.