# Modern MultiPort Converter Technologies: A Systematic Review
###### Abstract  
The integration of renewable energy sources (RES) as distributed generation units to the power grid has been accelerated by the rising demand for energy and the growing concern over the environmental effects of conventional sources. At the same time, modern electric vehicles (EV) are demonstrating a promising ability to decrease the consumption of fossil fuels. The issues related to a combination of various renewable energy sources to fulfil the load requirements can be solved by the application of multi-input-output architecture that is properly designed. In order to increase the driving range of EVs, several energy sources, including ultracapacitors and fuel cells, should be connected and operate in combination with a battery storage system. To manage these energy sources with various voltage-current characteristics, the same concept can be applied. The current trends in the field of multiport DC-DC converters are identified and examined in this research. This paper proposes a review and analysis of the most significant aspects of multiport converters, such as types based on various characteristics, their topologies, the benefits and drawbacks, and areas of application. A thorough investigation of multiport converters' design guidelines and selection process for specific applications is presented. Based on their properties, multiport converters are categorized in this review. In comparison with other available review publications, this paper is more concise and mainly focused on the most general and important aspects of multiport technologies. Based on the provided information, the reader can discern modern trends and directions of the multiport converter development. multiport DC-DC converters (MPC); multi-input converters; bidirectional power conversion; renewable energy sources; maximum power point tracking (MPPT) +
Footnote †: journal: _Sci._  
Footnote †: journal: _Sci. The concept of microgrids (MG) is being developed as a solution to these problems in order to meet local energy demands while also enabling the connection of diverse renewable energy sources to the main distribution grid via nearby substations [5; 6; 7]. Because they can interface renewable energy sources, DC loads, and the majority of energy storage systems, MGs are able to reduce the number of times when direct current (DC) is converted to alternate current (AC) and vice versa, thus increasing the system's overall efficiency. The additional stages of energy conversion make the system more complex, increase energy losses, and reduce system efficiency in general [8; 9]. It is required to use separate conversion stages for the load, energy storage systems, and renewable energy sources in order to allow power transfer between them, due to the fact that energy storage devices often have standard outputs that are different from the output of renewable energy sources based on their voltage-current characteristics. According to recent statistics, static power electronic converters are used to transport over 70% of electrical energy produced to the grid. Classical DC-DC converters such as the Boost, Buck, Buck-Boost, CUK, SEPIC, and ZETA require a significant number of components to provide adequate output voltages and integrate renewable energy sources into the microgrid [10; 11]. It causes the end product to be expensive and the equipment to be complex. Therefore, integrating numerous ports using separate power converters is not an effective approach. A different strategy was suggested as an alternative to creating a power converter with integrated numerous ports, or multiport converter (MPC). The multiport converter's major objective is to connect several power sources with inputs and outputs through a single power converter to enable power flow between each port. These multiport converters are designed to remove redundant and superfluous power conversion stages and excessive semiconductor switching devices that would often be present in classical topologies.