## 3 A Demonstration of the Proposed Framework: A Case Study
### Evaluation of Functional Recovery
For PC frame buildings, across all seismic intensities,  
Figure 11: Functional recovery curves of PCa 50% PC. (**a**) represents the 50%-in-50-yrs. hazard level. (**b**) represents the 10%-in-50-yrs. hazard level. (**c**) represents the 5%-in-50-yrs. hazard level. Figure 12: Functional recovery curves of PCaPC with MT. (**a**) represents the 50%-in-50-yrs. hazard level. (**b**) represents the 10%-in-50-yrs. hazard level. (**c**) represents the 5%-in-50-yrs. hazard level. the total recovery time is predominantly governed by the repair duration of nonstructural systems such as partition walls, stairs, sanitary waste piping, and suspended ceilings. In contrast, structural systems (e.g., beam yielding, column yielding) have minimal influence on recovery time. Previous studies [48; 49; 50] have shown that even under severe ground shaking (e.g., seismic intensity level 7), PCaPC frames with MT joints remain operational. Experimental evidence confirms that the MT connection retains sufficient stiffness under moderate shaking and undergoes joint-like rotation during extreme events, thereby mitigating damage to primary structural components. The inherent self-centering capacity of prestressed tendons facilitates deformation recovery, allowing the structural frame to remain serviceable with only minimal repair. These results demonstrate that the proposed framework provides a comprehensive and realistic representation of the post-earthquake recovery process by considering all component systems and their interdependencies. Notably, for the PCaPC frame systems studied in this research, the recovery time across all seismic intensities is predominantly governed by nonstructural systems such as partition walls, stairs, and ceilings, while  
Figure 14: The repair schedule of PCa 50% PC for 5%-in-50-years hazard levels. (**a**) The median. (**b**) The 90 th percentile. Figure 13: The repair schedule of cast-in situ PC for 5%-in-50-years hazard levels. (**a**) The median. (**b**) The 90 th percentile. structural damage has relatively limited impact under moderate shaking due to the self-centering behavior and localized damage characteristics of the MT connection. This observation provides the basis for a more detailed comparison among buildings with different prefabrication strategies. Traditional resilience evaluation frameworks, such as FEMA P-58 and REDi, were primarily developed for cast-in situ structures. They often rely on fixed serial repair sequences and simplified assumptions that fail to account for the modular repair characteristics of prefabricated buildings. In contrast, the proposed framework incorporates a repair schedule tailored to the characteristics of such systems, enabling it to distinguish recovery paths and durations based on different prefabrication ratios. In this study, three prototype buildings with identical structural design but varying degrees of prefabrication were analyzed: a cast-in situ frame, a partially precast frame (50%), and a fully PCaPC frame with MT connection. The results show that higher prefabrication ratios lead to more efficient recovery due to increased modularity and reduced reliance on cast-in situ operations. This effect is not well captured by conventional methods. Furthermore, even when the structural layout and prefabrication ratio are held constant, differences in the types of prefabricated components can result in divergent recovery trajectories. For example, although the 50% PCa and cast-in situ frames share the same design, the inclusion of precast fairs in the 50% PCa system significantly shortens the repair time. This level of differentiation cannot be captured by resilience frameworks that apply uniform assumptions to all components. By incorporating construction-specific attributes and component-level restoration logic, the proposed framework improves the accuracy and applicability of functional recovery modeling in PCaPC structures. The empirical results in Figures 10-15 provide clear support for this conclusion.