## 3 Materials and Methods
### Interference and Network Optimization Difficulties  
Nowadays, with the development of new technologies, networks face different challenges. Issues such as coverage, latency, availability, and accessibility, among others, appear. Moreover, taking into account a more profound or more centralized point to the characteristics of the network, issues such as latency, interference, spectrum use according to the technology being used, and others appear. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{p{56.9 pt} p{56.9 pt} p{56.9 pt} p{56.9 pt} p{56.9 pt}} \hline \hline
**Service** & **Wireless Technology** & **Algorithms Used** & **Coexistence of Services** & **Applications and System Description** \\ \hline
5G NR [70] & NR-U & NOMA & Coexisting with 4G and Wi-Fi & Ultra-reliable and low-latency communications for industrial automation and autonomous vehicles \\ \hline
5G-V2X [71] & PC5 & OFDMA & Coexisting with 4G and Wi-Fi & Vehicle-to-everything communications for traffic management and safety \\ \hline
5G mMTC [72] & NR-MTC & NOMA & Coexisting with 4G and Wi-Fi & Massive machine-type communications for smart cities and agriculture \\ \hline
5G-UHD [73] & NR-U & OFDMA & Coexisting with 4G and Wi-Fi & Ultra-high-definition video communications and virtual reality \\ \hline
5G-IoT [74] & NR-MTC & NOMA & Coexisting with 4G and Wi-Fi & Internet of things communications for smart homes and wearables \\ \hline
5G-eMBB [75] & NR-eMBB & OFDMA & Coexisting with 4G and Wi-Fi & Enhanced mobile broadband for high-speed data transfer and streaming \\ \hline
5G-URLLC [76] & NR-URLLC & NOMA & Coexisting with 4G and Wi-Fi & Ultra-reliable and low-latency communications for mission-critical applications \\ \hline
5G-mIoT [77] & NR-mIoT & NOMA & Coexisting with 4G and Wi-Fi & Massive IoT communications for smart cities and agriculture \\ \hline
5G-gNB [78] & NR-gNB & OFDMA & Coexisting with 4G and Wi-Fi & Gigabit-class communications for high-speed data transfer and streaming \\ \hline
5G-Slicing [79] & NR-Slicing & NOMA & Coexisting with 4G and Wi-Fi & Network slicing for multiple services and applications \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Coexistence of 5G services and networks and Internet of things applicationsInterference in 5G networks can occur due to a variety of factors such as environmental conditions, radio frequency congestion, and the deployment of too many access points in a limited area. These issues can cause signal loss or degradation, resulting in poor network performance and reduced data transfer rates. Interference in 5G networks can have a significant impact on IoT devices that rely on a stable and reliable connection to operate effectively. IoT devices are designed to transmit small amounts of data over long periods, often using low power and low bandwidth networks. The interference in 5G networks can cause delays or interruptions in the transmission of data between IoT devices and the cloud-based systems they rely on. These disruptions can impact critical functions, such as real-time monitoring of environmental conditions, traffic management, and energy consumption. In addition, interference in 5G networks can result in increased latency, which can make it difficult for IoT devices to communicate with each other in a timely manner. Another critical aspect of interference in 5G networks is the potential for security breaches. As the number of connected devices increases, the risk of cyber attacks also grows. Interference in 5G networks can make it easier for hackers to gain unauthorized access to IoT devices and the data they transmit. This can have serious consequences, particularly for devices that are used in critical infrastructure, such as healthcare systems, power grids, and transportation networks. To mitigate the impact of interference in 5G networks on IoT devices, it is essential to ensure that the network is properly configured and managed.