# TFBN: A Cost Effective High Performance Hierarchical Interconnection Network
## 1 Introduction  
Computing power becomes a commodity like an internet in our modern daily life. Thus, like internet speed, the computation power is increasing, and like the demand for internet speed, the demand for computation power is also increasing. Researchers from all over the world are trying in various ways to mitigate this ever-increasing demand for computation power. These include multi-core and many-core, General-Purpose Graphics Processing Unit, grid computing, cloud computing, and so forth. However, these computing techniques are not sufficient to solve some modern life issues, viz. Internet of Thing (IoT), Artificial Intelligence (AI), machine learning, big data analytics [1]. In addition, these techniques are not enough to solve some computation-intensive problems and grand challengeproblems. For example, recently the impact of a planetary collision is revealed by the simulation, and this simulation is carried out by a COSmology MAchine (COSMA) supercomputer to have the simulation result in a reasonable time [2]. Definitely, a rational researcher could not expect a simulation will take a couple of months or even years. A reasonably short period of time can only be attained if the computer can operate so fast. For example, NVIDIA and the University of Florida plan to construct a new AI supercomputer that will deliver 700 petaflops by 2021 [3]. Thus, it is a clear indication that we need the next generation supercomputer called a massively parallel computer (MPC) system will compute in exaflops or even more like the zetta-flops level of performance [1; 4; 5; 6; 7]. Even for our life from disaster to modern society, we need massively parallel computation everywhere. For disaster prevention and mitigation, we need extensive computation. For healthcare, drug design, and personalized medicine, we need extensive computation too. For example, in order to stop the spreading of community transmission disease, COVID-19, we need to track the affected person and the spreading nature. To do this vital task in a timely manner, the enormous computing power of the MPC system along with artificial neural network (ANN), AI is being utilized [3; 8]. In order to develop a safe and effective vaccine against COVID-19 or any other virus, the genome sequence of that virus needs to be analyzed. It is noteworthy that the analysis of the COVID-19 virus is quite challenging because of its genetic mutation in a new environment and geographical location. Indeed, there is also an MPC system that can play an inevitable role in the genome sequence analysis of COVID-19 [1; 9]. In the power system, the IoT enabled smart grid is becoming more popular [10]. In smart grid topologies, the real-time monitoring system along with a high standard load forecasting model are very important [11]. For such models, massive computation power is necessary. Due to the advancement of renewable energy, the energy storage system (ESS) is also marking its importance with a great value. To exploit the benefits of ESS to the fullest extent, it is necessary to allow ESS to participate in the energy market where load forecasting plays a great deal of importance [12]. For such load forecasting, different single or hybrid predictive models have already been proposed, which requires high computation power to respond quickly. The MPC system can indeed play a significant role in such scenarios related to power system and energy. Information and Communication Technology (ICT), both computation and communication, become the part and parcel of our daily life everywhere. We need computation ranging from mobile computing, cloud computing, to a massively parallel computer system and communication at any time and anywhere; it will especially be dominant in the post COVID-19 world. For example, the efficient use of irrigation water for agriculture in the desert by using sensors and IoT will be challenging and an MPC system can ease the total agriculture process in the desert.