## 2 Related Work
(2016), identify prosumers' energy-related behavior in order to achieve the optimal prosumer community building/categorizing on the basis of different parameters. Authors have analyzed in detail the internal and external parameters that influence the energy sharing behavior of prosumers. Internal parameters are related to the prosumers' operating domain which directly influences the amount of energy that can be shared with the smart grid. External parameters refer to different domains which are not directly related to the prosumers' environment, such as incentives by utilities. On the basis of detailed analysis, the authors have proposed a multi-agent model for creation of optimal prosumer communities, which consists of two parts: prosumer home module and community operation module. The modular approach helps managing energy exchange among communities in an intelligent manner. [PERSON] et al. (2016) have proposed a methodology to find the influential prosumers in prosumer community groups. The methodology involves prosumer assessment and ranking on the basis of multiple evaluation criteria. These criteria consist of different processes in order to determine influence of different prosumers on overall energy efficiency and cost effectiveness. [PERSON] et al. (2016), have proposed an energy sharing mechanism on the basis of DR decision system that employs smart metering and social web technologies. The system introduces a framework which collects data on Internet of Smart Meters and studies the behavior of communities in making decisions regarding the energy sharing process. [PERSON] et al. (2016), propose a DR program based on combining the prosumers into an Energy District (ED) which is connected to the central control unit known as aggregator. The purpose of aggregator is to minimize the reverse energy flow at an MV/LV substation which results in cost minimization of the ED. For this purpose, auction is introduced in the ED; this effectively overcomes the problem of estimating ED prosumers' responsiveness. A similar work is presented by [PERSON] et al. (2016); an energy management scheme is proposed which deals with prosumer-based ED involving a central control entity. DR has been proposed for maximizing the ED utility and reducing the reverse energy flow at point of delivery. The scheme has been proved efficient and effective using the example of Italian residential housing area. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{p{85.4 pt} p{113.8 pt}} \hline \hline
**Challenges** & **Proposals** \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Definition of prosumer groups} & Community coordinator gets the energy sharing profiles from interested prosumers who want to join the community groups. Segmentation of the profiles is done by clustering i.e., prosumers are divided into different categories according to profiles and criteria/characteristics. \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Prosumer recruitment} & This can be done by evaluating new prosumers. Dynamic identification of the new prosumers is done for sustainable group formation and its scalability. \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Goal definition} & Different conflicting objectives of energy sharing process can be negotiated in order to define achievable goals. \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Members’ Ranking} & Prosumers are ranked by multiple evaluation criteria in order to find the influential members as discussed by [PERSON] et al. (2016) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Prosumer community challenges and proposed solutions. The role of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) in smart grid applications is imperative. The smart energy management systems heavily rely on ICTs. [PERSON] et al. [26] provide a mechanism for managing various consumers and prosumers, enabling integrated operation of distributed energy resources, with the help of ICTs. The mechanism takes into account generation, consumption and future load forecast in a flexible manner and helps in implementing the DSM.