## 5 Results and Discussion
### Hypothesis Test  
This study focuses on whether there is a difference in the attitudes of consumers when using the general system and VR system during the navigation construction. Since the subjects of the pre-test and post-test are the same, the paired-sample \(t\)-test is adopted to conduct a hypothesis test. The paired-sample \(t\)-test, sometimes called the dependent sample \(t\)-test, is a statistical procedure used to determine whether the mean difference between two sets of observations is zero. In the test, each subject or entity is measured twice, resulting in pairs of observations. This test is used for repeated measure design with the same sample--that is, to measure the same sample before and after the test, to finish the paired-sample test. Thus, we can make a comparison of the mean value of the paired \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline
**Dimensions** & **General Navigation System** & **VR System** \\ \hline Perceptive ease of use & 0.890 & 0.696 \\ Perceived usefulness & 0.923 & 0.897 \\ Users’ attitude & 0.910 & 0.867 \\ Users’ intention & 0.952 & 0.923 \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Reliability analysis (Cronbach \(\alpha\)) of the questionnaire. Figure 4: Experimental design. (**a**) General navigation system; (**b**) VR navigation system. data. Table 2 shows the results from perceptive ease of use. Although the mean value of VR is higher than that of general materials, \(p\) (the value of significance) > 0.05, it indicates no significant difference between the pre-test and post-test results. Therefore, it is inferred that H1 is invalid. For perceived usefulness, the mean value of VR is higher than that of general materials, \(p\) < 0.05 (Table 3), indicating there is a significant difference between the pre-test and post-test results. Thus, the VR system provides more useful information for construction navigation. Therefore, H2 is valid. In order to know whether using VR in construction navigation can effectively improve users' attitude, Table 4 sorts out the pre-test and post-test tests. From the table, the mean value of VR is higher than that of general materials, \(p\) < 0.05, and thus, H3 is valid. In other words, there is significant improvement in users' attitude after the experiment is conducted with the VR system. Based on all the data, we find that VR significantly contributes to housing sales and consumers' understanding (perceived usefulness) of pre-sale housing. Respondents also hold positive attitude \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Item** & **Mean** & **Std. Deviation** & **Mean Deviation** & \(t\) & **df** & \(p\)**-Value** \\ \hline General Navigation & 3.253 & 1.259 & \(-\)1.120 & \(-\)4.872 & 29 & 0.000 \\ \hline VR & 4.373 & & & & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: Hypothesis test of users’ attitude. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Item** & **Mean** & **Std. Deviation** & **Mean Deviation** & \(t\) & **df** & \(p\)**-Value** \\ \hline General Navigation & 3.625 & 1.196 & \(-\)0.317 & \(-\)1.450 & 29 & 0.158 \\ \hline VR & 3.942 & & & & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\begin{tabular}{c} \(t\) is the \(t\)-statistic (\(t\)-test statistic) for a paired sample \(t\)-test, usually denoting (Mean Deviation)/(Std. Deviation/\(\sur\)n); \\ df is the critical value of a \(t\)-distribution with (n \(-\) 1) degrees of freedom. \\ \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Hypothesis test of perceptive ease of use. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Item** & **Mean** & **Std. Deviation** & **Mean Deviation** & \(t\) & **df** & \(p\)**-Value** \\ \hline General Navigation & 3.253 & 1.259 & \(-\)1.120 & \(-\)4.872 & 29 & 0.000 \\ \hline VR & 4.373 & & & & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 5: Hypothesis test of users’ intention to use. towards using VR for space navigation. For the future, there is also a high degree of intention to understand information of pre-sale housing with VR.