# Disturbances Generated by Lighting Systems with LED Lamps and the Reduction in Their Impacts
## 3 Tests of Selected LED Lamps  
LED lamps, just like any electrical device, should meet the requirements for the emission of higher harmonic currents. These requirements were stipulated in IEC 61000-3-2:2019 [50]. According to the quoted standard, electrical devices were divided into four groups: A, B, C, and D. LED light sources, as lighting equipment, were qualified into group C. In this group, the lighting equipment is divided into subgroups, and the active power consumed by the device was assumed as the criterion of the division. Loads whose power exceeds 25 W belong to one group and the second group comprises loads with a power of up to 25 W, inclusively. The active power is determined on the basis of a certain measurement. If the measured power is within the limits, ranging between 90% and 110%, of the rated power of the device, the power declared by the manufacturer must be selected. If, on the other hand, the value of the measurement exceeds the specified limits, the measured power is taken into account. The tests presented in this article refer to LED lamps up to 25 W. For this reason, only the requirements of IEC 61000-3-2:2019 [50] for tested light sources are described. Two sets of requirements were presented in IEC 61000-3-2:2019 [50] for lighting devices with an active power less than or equal to 25 W; however, it was clearly emphasised that it was enough to fulfil only one set (any and at the same time more advantageous) to meet the requirements of the standard:  
1. The respective harmonic currents of loads converted into one watt of the input active power, should not exceed the permissible levels presented in Table 1.
2. The third and fifth harmonic currents expressed as a percentage of the fundamental component of load current should not exceed 86% and 61%, respectively, and at the same time, the pattern of the temporal current waveform should meet specific parameters. The threshold value at a level of 5% of the current amplitude during growth should be achieved before or at 60\({}^{\circ}\) of the shift in relation to the supply voltage signal, and 100% of the amplitude before or at 65\({}^{\circ}\). The 5% threshold during the current signal fall should be achieved at or after 90\({}^{\circ}\)[50]. 1. LED lamps with the E27 base with a power of 8 W, including 8 COG diodes, which can be substitutes for traditional bulbs, most frequently used in households;
2. 25 W LED linear luminaires, including 36 diodes, type SMD5050, which may be a substitute for luminaires with linear fluorescent lamps, often used in schools or offices. The most important rated parameters of the tested semiconductor light sources are listed in Table 2. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Harmonic Order**} & **Maximum Permissible Harmonic Current** \\  & **Rescalcalated on a LED Lamp** \\  & **with One-Watt Active Power Input** \\  & \(I_{h}\) [mA/W] \\ \hline
3 & 3.4 \\
5 & 1.9 \\
7 & 1.0 \\
9 & 0.5 \\
11 & 0.35 \\
13, 15,..., 39 & 3.85/\(h\) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} Two types of LED lamps were subjected to testing.  
\end{table} 
Table 1: Permissible values of current harmonics for lighting devices (class C) with an input active power less than or equal to 25 W (according to [50]). The tested lamps were powered with mains voltage with the effective value \(U_{rms}\) = 230.5 V and frequency \(f\) = 49.98 Hz. The supply voltage waveform was slightly distorted from the sinusoid, as is visible in Figure 1. Thus, higher harmonics are present in the voltage signal (Figure 2). The total harmonic distortion value in voltage \(THD_{U}\) was 2.2%; on the other hand, the voltage crest factor \(CF_{U}\) was 1.38. In accordance with the requirements of [50], the measured voltage parameters are within the permissible limits and can be used to power electroluminescent light sources. In order to perform the tests, the system was deliberately powered in this way, as in this case, it was necessary to create the real operating conditions of the LED lamps in facilities.