# Emerging Technologies for Injury Identification in Sports Settings: A Systematic Review
## 3 Results
### Field-Based Identification  
Field-based tests, primarily targeting SRC, provide accessible sideline tools for rapid injury detection. Seven studies [8; 17; 18; 20; 22; 24; 26; 27; 28] evaluated tools such as the King-Devick Test (KD-T), Immediate Post-concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImpACT), and Display Enhanced Testing for Cognitive Impairment and mTBI (DETECT) in rugby, American football, ice hockey, soccer, and cheerleading. The KD-T demonstrated high reliability (ICC: 0.79-0.97), identifying 52 SRC cases over three years in rugby (incidence: 44 per 1000 match hours, 95% CI: 32-56) and seven unrecognised concussions in juniors [22; 27; 28]. ImPACT detected significant cognitive declines over a season (\(p\) < 0.05), with correlations between rotational velocity (>80 g) and performance decline (R = 0.69, \(p\) = 0.028) [18; 24]. DETECT showed strong sensitivity (86.7%, 95% CI: 59.5-98.3%, AUC: 0.778, \(p\) = 0.02) for SRC [20]. Video analysis (VA) had good inter-rater reliability for motor incoordination (81% positive predictive value) but lower specificity [26] in identifying concussive symptoms in Australian Football League (AFL) players. KD-T and DETECT outperformed VA and KD-Eye Tracking, which showed limited sensitivity [17], highlighting varied diagnostic precision. Applied during games or immediately post-event, these \begin{table}
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**Author, Year** &
\begin{tabular}{c} **Intervention/** \\ **Method** \\ \end{tabular} & **Injury** & **Study Design** & **Sport** & **Sample** & **Duration** & **CASP Score** \\ \hline [PERSON] et al., (2023) [19] & Instrumented Mouth Guard & SRC MTBI & Prospective Cohort Study & Rugby & 26 & 6 Games & Good (8/11) \\ \hline [PERSON] et al., (2023) [20] & Cerebrospinal Fluid & PPCS & Cross-sectional observational & Contact Sport & 36 & NA & Good (9/11) \\ \hline [PERSON] et al., (2023) [21] & SIM-G (Head Impact Dependency, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (ST)) & SRC MTBI & Prospective Cohort Study & Ice Hockey & 17 & 1 & Good (9/11) \\ \hline [PERSON] et al., (2022) [22] & Glali Fibrality Acid Protein, Neurofilament Light, Tau & SRC MTBI & Prospective Cohort Study & Diving & 32 & 48H & Good (9/11) \\ \hline [PERSON] et al., (2022) [23] & King-Devick Eye Tracking & SRC MTBI & Prospective Cohort Study & Rugby & 49 & 1 & Excellent (10/11) \\ \hline [PERSON] et al., (2021) [24] & ImPACT + Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter & SRC MTBI & Prospective Cohort Study & American Football & 31 & 1 & Excellent (10/11) \\ \hline [PERSON] et al., (2021) [25] & Saliva & SRC MTBI & Observational & Soccer, American Football, Larosse, Wrestling & 46 & 1 & Good (9/11) \\ \[PERSON] et al., (2021) [26] & DETECT + Head impact telemetry & SRC MTBI & Prospective Cohort Study & American Football & 123 & 1 & Good (9/11) \\ \[PERSON] et al., (2020) [27] & Glali Fibrality Acid Height, Neurofilament Light, Tau Protein & SRC MTBI & Prospective Cohort Study & Rugby Union & 25 & 1 & Good (8/11) \\ \[PERSON] et al., (2020) [28] & King-Devick test & SRC MTBI & Prospective Cohort Study & Rugby Union & 38 & 2 & Good (8/11) \\ \[PERSON] et al., (2018) [29] & Micro-Ribonucleids Technology for Analysis & SRC MTBI & Prospective Cohort Study & Rugby & 52 & NA & Excellent (10/11) \\ \hline [PERSON] et al., (2018) [50] & Visuomotor Tracking & SRC MTBI & Cross-sectional observational & American Football & 109 & NA & Excellent (11/11) \\ \hline [PERSON] et al., (2017) [31] & Neurofilament Light & SRC MTBI & Prospective Cohort Study & Hockey, Booing & 75 & 7 Days-3 Months & Good (9/11) \\ \hline [PERSON] (2016) [32] & Video Analysis & SRC MTBI & Prospective Cohort Study & Australian Football League & 212 & 2 & Good (8/11) \\ \hline [PERSON] et al., (2015) [33] & King-Devick test & SRC MTBI & Observational & Rugby & 19 & 1 & Excellent (11/11) \\ \hline [PERSON] et al., (2015) [34] & King-Devick test & SRC MTBI & Observational & Rugby Union & 104 & 3 & Good (8/11) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
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