# Smart Facility Management System Based on Open BIM and Augmented Reality Technology
## 2 Literature Review  
### Building Facility Management Utilizing BIM  
One of the advantages of applying BIM in the FM phase includes its utilization as an analytical tool for purchasing machinery, equipment, control systems and other necessary procurements. Moreover, BIM can be used for checking the proper functioning of all systems following the completion of building construction. By providing accurate space and system information, BIM can be used for real-time monitoring of control systems and for remote operations and management of a facility while functioning as an interface for the sensors [3]. BIM for FM is the only information base that provides manuals to the FM crew, since it allows the visual recognition of locations for equipment, attachments, furniture, etc. and provides support to emergency responses, security management and scenario planning [4]. As such, research is being actively conducted to bring forth the maximum advantage when applying BIM to FM. To solve the issues with data integration between BIM and FMS, research up to now has proposed two types of open-source standards, namely COBie and Industry Foundation Classes (IFC). COBie is an information exchange system that captures and delivers the lifecycle of information needed by facility managers. Stakeholders use the COBie standard to share information from BIM to FMS, which may include some graphic and non-graphic information but does not include the complete information set for FM activities. The BIM framework, with regard to the attribute data category, is still unable to completely integrate the required information for FMS [5]. In addition, information format and data exchange policies that have yet to mature result in lengthy processing times when sending out the data [6]. Some research was carried out that proposed an IFC-based data model for an integrated FMS when expanding BIM to include FMS data [7]. However, the possibility of visualizing the BIM to improve FM activities was not considered in this research [8]. [PERSON] et al. developed a data model for computer-integrated FM that could extract the required information from IFC for data compatibility when converting BIM to FM data [9]. A study by [PERSON] proposed functions that utilize BIM in the FM phase and developed a web-based prototype that could improve the utilization of BIM information [10]. [PERSON] and [PERSON] developed COBie, a spreadsheet-based data exchange format, to solve the inefficiencies due to information generated during the design and construction phases that were not required in the FM phase [11]. A study by [PERSON] et al., through expert interviews, defined and proposed the BIM recognition level during FM, areas for possible application and data and processes required for successful implementation of BIM [12]. [PERSON] et al. benchmarked the COBie system to improve FMS for facilities [13], while [PERSON] et al. studied the establishment of an FMS based on COBie for sewage work [14]. Studies on the aspect of integrating the BIM data with FM include research proposing software architecture for effectively integrating BIM with the FMS based on the geological information system (GIS), as well as research proposing methodologies for integrating BIM-based mechanical, electrical and plumbing (MEP) data during operations and FM phases [5; 15]. Studies by [PERSON] and [PERSON] clearly defined what BIM needs to support the FM phase for the successful implementation of FM-supported BIM and proposed realistic processes while defining interoperability plans for data between FMSs, such as the BIM tool and the Computerized Maintenance Management System (CMMS) [16]. Other research includes studies on Symantec web-based BIM data utilization frameworks for utilizing the BIM data from existing structures for FM and using laser scans and generating COBie data through ontology concepts to augment the existing insufficient BIM data from structures [17].