## 5 Experimental Data Analysis of the Isolated PVPS (Acquisition and Log)
Figure 6 shows the photovoltaic generator average temperature profiles \(T_{PV}\) [\({}^{\circ}\)C] for the four representative days, calculated using Equation (2) based on the open circuit voltage \(V_{CPVSc}\) measured with the calibrated photovoltaic cell [V]:  
\[T_{PV}=\frac{V_{CPVSc}-V_{PVPostic}\cdot\left(1-T_{PVPtSc}\cdot\frac{\beta_{ PVP}}{100}\right)}{V_{PVPostic}\cdot\frac{\beta_{PVP}}{100}+\frac{k\cdot N\cdot N \cdot ln\left(\frac{\beta_{PV}}{c_{PVPsc}}\right)}{q}}-273.15 \tag{2}\]  
where \(T_{PVPtSc}\) represents the photovoltaic panel irradiance under standard conditions [25 \({}^{\circ}\)C - 298.15 \({}^{\circ}\)K], \(\beta_{PVP}\) represents the photovoltaic temperature coefficient of open circuit voltage at standard conditions [\(-\)0.32 \(\%/^{\circ}\)K], \(V_{PVPostic}\) represents the photovoltaic panel open circuit voltage measured at standard conditions [45.9 V], \(N\)s represents the number of cells connected \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c} \hline
**Source** & **Htotal (ms)** & **Q (m\({}^{2}\))/g** & **Pownownown (ms)** & **Processers** & **DC V Ban (V)** & **hot** & **Voc (C)** & **Power (MW)** & **Frequency data** \\ \hline
1 & 48 & 54 & 3.49 & 3.5 & 64.28 & 5.44 & 34.961 & 17.283 & 32.947 \\
2 & 58 & 54 & 2.488 & 2.5 & 63.003 & 7.283 & 37.944 & 30.335 & 36.588 \\
3 & 76 & 79.5 & 2.04 & 2.1 & 65.828 & 7.526 & 38.416 & 33.035 & 46.0072 \\
4 & 76 & 90 & 1.892 & 1.9 & 693.115 & 6.711 & 38.843 & 35.500 & 46.0072 \\
5 & 44 & 85.5 & 1.5 & 1.5 & 641.520 & 6.088 & 36.47 & 27.395 & 39.2044 \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Sector operating data (points and parameters) of the irrigation (hydraulic) network. in series of the PV panel, \(k\) represents the Boltzmann constant (1.381 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-23}\) J/\({}^{\circ}\)K) and \(q\) is electron charge (1.602 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-19}\) C). Analysis of these data indicates an average cell temperature of approximately 83 \({}^{\circ}\)C with a maximum of 99 \({}^{\circ}\)C during the clear-sky day (Figure 6a), about 75 \({}^{\circ}\)C with a peak of 100 \({}^{\circ}\)C on the day partially obscured by a large cloud (Figure 6b), around 53 \({}^{\circ}\)C with a peak of 65 \({}^{\circ}\)C on the day with numerous small clouds (Figure 6c) and roughly 46 \({}^{\circ}\)C with a maximum of 67 \({}^{\circ}\)C during the fully cloudy day (Figure 6d). Figure 5: Global irradiance [W/m\({}^{2}\)] of the isolated PV generator during the 4 representative days: (a) clear-sky day, (b) day with a big cloud, (c) day with many small clouds and (d) fully cloudy day. Figure 6: Average temperature [\({}^{\circ}\)C] of the isolated PV generator’s cells during the 4 representative days: (a) clear-sky day, (b) day with a big cloud, (c) day with many small clouds and (d) fully cloudy day. Figure 7 illustrates the PV generator power \(P_{PV}\) [w] output across the four representative days (clear sky, single large cloud, multiple small clouds and fully cloudy), obtained using Equation (3):  
\[P_{PV}=\frac{\left(1+\frac{\gamma_{PV}}{100}\cdot T_{PV}+273.15-\beta_{PV} \right)\cdot G_{PV}}{G_{PVP_{Stc}}\cdot N_{strings}\cdot N_{PVseries}} \tag{3}\]  
where \(\gamma PVP\) represents the coefficient of temperature of the photovoltaic panel at maximum power [\(-0.41\%/^{\circ}\)K], \(N_{PVseries}\) (17) represents the total number of photovoltaic panels (modules) connected in series to form a string and \(N_{strings}\) (10) represents the total number of strings. The total daily energy production \(E_{PV}\) [Wh] of the isolated PV generator during a day was calculated using Equation (4):  
\[E_{PV}=\int_{t=0\text{ s}}^{t=24\text{ h}\cdot\frac{300\text{ s}}{d\text{ l}}}P_{PV}(t)dt \tag{4}\]  
where \(P_{PV}\) denotes instantaneous photovoltaic generator power [W]. Analysis of Figure 7 shows that the clear-sky day yielded approximately 374 kWh with a peak power of 41.68 kW (Figure 7a), while the day partially obscured by a large cloud produced around 380 kWh with a peak of 50.63 kW (Figure 7b).