## 3 Materials and Methods  
To design the model, the structural indicators were input and technical characteristics were adjusted in order to fit the requirements of the software itself (cable calculation). Tables 3 and 4 show the values of the selected network indicators for the representative LV feeder type network. The cables used in the networks and inputted into the models are of extreme importance. The method of symmetrical components is used to simplify the analysis of unbalanced three-phase power systems under both normal and abnormal conditions. In the most common case of the three-phase system, the resulting \"symmetrical\" components are referred to as direct (or positive), inverse (or negative), and zero (or homopolar). The RTDS software, RSCAD, uses the Bergeron resistence, inductance and capacitance (RLC) data entry model, requesting as inputs the Positive and Zero sequence Resistance and Reactance, respectively. Resistances and inductances are commonly provided by manufacturers in cable specification; however, the capacitance values are not so common. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Reactance** & **Type ID** & \(\mathbf{X_{C}}\) **(\(\mathbf{\Omega}\))** & **Length (km)** & \(\mathbf{X_{C}}\) **(M\(\mathbf{\Omega}\)-km)** \\ \hline \(\mathbf{X_{C1}}\) (Branch1) & LV\_UU\_1 & 0.181822 & 0.035 & 6.364 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-9}\) \\ \(\mathbf{X_{C2}}\) (Branch6) & LV\_UU\_2 & 0.180461 & 0.031 & 5.594 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-9}\) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 6: Zero sequence shunt capacitance reactance example. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**Voltage (kV)** & **Rated Power (kVA)** & **Rsc (p.u.)** & **Xsc (p.u.)** \\ \hline \(20/0.4\) & 630 & 0.012 & 0.04 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: Network indicators in the low-voltage (LV) feeder type networks. MV: medium voltage. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Bus ID** & **Length (km)** & **Num. Consumers** & **P (MW)** & **Q (MVAr)** & **r (p.u. )** & **x (p.u. )** & **Capacity (MVA)** \\ \hline
1 & 0.035 & 0 & 0.0000 & 0.0000 & 8.60 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-4}\) & 1.65 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-4}\) & 0.177 \\
2 & 0.023 & 3 & 0.0024 & 0.0007 & 5.56 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-4}\) & 1.07 \  
The shunt capacitive reactance (\(C_{0}\)) in \(\mathrm{\mu F/km}\), between an insulated conductor within a concentric sheath and the sheath was calculated using Equations (5) and (6) for Bus 2 (cable 95 mm\({}^{2}\)) and Bus 6 (cables 240 mm\({}^{2}\)). The thickness of insulation considered for the cables used was 1.6 mm and 2.2 mm, respectively [34]. \"\(D\)\" refers to the diameter (mm) over insulation, and \"\(d\)\" is the conductor diameter (mm). \(\epsilon_{r}\) is the relative permittivity of the insulation material, which considering cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) is 2.3. \[C_{0}=\frac{\epsilon_{r}}{18\ln\times\frac{D}{d}},\ \left[\mathrm{\mu F/km}\right] \tag{5}\]  
\(C_{0}\) is the zero sequence capacitances per unit length. Equation (6) converts capacitance-per-kilometre to total ohms-per-phase reactance \(\mathrm{X_{C_{0}}}\), where one is the length in kilometres: The zero sequence shunt capacitance reactance is hence given by:  
\[\mathrm{X_{C_{0}}}=\frac{1}{I\omega C_{0}},\left[\Omega\right] \tag{6}\]  
The main data for the main cables used is provided in Tables 5 and 6. For the simulation work, a real-time simulator by RTDS was used, equipped with four racks and eight processors in total. The software used to design the model is by the same manufacturer, called Real Time Simulator Computer Aided Design (RSCAD). The draft model was separated into four subsystems, even though Figure 2 presents it only in one, so that it can be easily shown and replicated if needed. Given the amount of signals considered, especially in the PV blocks, all of the processors were used.