# Smart City for Sustainable Development: Applied Processes from SUMP to MaaS at European Level
## 5 Conclusions  
The smart city concept has implications in the theories, rules and implementation of the planning process of territorial systems. The paper focused on the European approach to smart cities. The European Commission has individuated transport, energy and ICT as the three sectors through which processes determine the urban state of a smart city. The paper focused on the two levels of planning, the master and sectorial levels, by means of which the smart city direction is applied. Specific attention is on the European rules that comprise the law, directives and guidelines. The master planning level is the SUMP, which asks to city administrators to adopt a transport system approach for achieving urban sustainability in relation to people and freight mobility. The main paradigm promoted by European SUMP guidelines for people's mobility at the sectorial level is the MaaS paradigm. By means of the MaaS paradigm, it is possible to integrate the smart city European pillars: transport, energy and ICT. The introduction of information derived or processed by emerging technologies implies new specifications and the calibration of the classical transport user's behavioral models. The implementation of the MaaS paradigm has further implications that constitute the objectives of further developments of this research: _theories_ about advancements on the territorial planning approach and related modelling frameworks--for instance, spatial economic and transport interaction models for simulating systems at the medium and long term--and the calibration of models for updating choices (mode, services and paths); _rules_ about the kind of institutions and governance models for regulating, planning and producing MaaS solutions (e.g., market-led or government-led models); _implementations_ about advancements on material and immaterial infrastructures, including technologies, big data and IoT applications. To test the effectiveness of the proposed route, the reference European cities for smart city projects were analyzed, and the results showed that most of them have a SUMP or MaaS and that half have both plans, confirming the process identified. The research carried out provides an important contribution because it allows us to identify a homogeneous path, in urban areas, from the goals of Agenda 2030 to the daily implications for citizens, allowing technicians and researchers to correctly define their research within this homogeneous path. The limits of the research concern the study being carried out only for the reality of the European Union; it would be useful to develop a similar study for other large geographical areas, such as Asia, America, Oceania and Africa. In each of the continents, there are particularly important territorial development dynamics. The obtained results are useful for different actors. Researchers can benefit from the results because they can work on theories' advancements; planners and decision makers can increase their knowledge about European opportunities for urban sustainability and its implementation. **Author Contributions:** Conceptualization, F.R. and C.R. ; methodology, F.R. ; validation, C.R. ; formal analysis, F.R. ; investigation, C.R. ; writing--original draft preparation, C.R. ; writing--review and editing, F.R. ; visualization, C.R. ; supervision, F.R. ; All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. **Funding:** This research was partially supported by the Dipartimento di ingegneria dell'Informazione, delle Infrastrutture e dell'Energia Sostenibile, Universita Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria and by the project \"La Mobilita per i passeggeri come Servizio--MyPasS\", Fondi PON R&I 2014-2020 e FSC \"Avviso per la presentazione di Progetti di Ricerca Industriale e Sviluppo Sperimentale nelle 12 aree di Specializzazione individuate dal PNR 2015-2020\", codice identificativo ARS01_01100. **Informed Consent Statement:** Not applicable. **Data Availability Statement:** Not applicable.