## 1 Introduction  
Even though since July 2021, the United Nations established human rights on the Internet, including universal access and affordable and reliable connectivity, around the globe, many people still do not have any access ([[https://www.article19.org/resources/un-human-rights-conuncil-adopts-resolution-on-human-rights-on-the-internet/](https://www.article19.org/resources/un-human-rights-conuncil-adopts-resolution-on-human-rights-on-the-internet/)]([https://www.article19.org/resources/un-human-rights-conuncil-adopts-resolution-on-human-rights-on-the-internet/](https://www.article19.org/resources/un-human-rights-conuncil-adopts-resolution-on-human-rights-on-the-internet/)) (accessed on 6 December 2023)). The Interplanetary Networking Special Interest Group (IPNSIG) ([[https://www.ipnsig.org/](https://www.ipnsig.org/)]([https://www.ipnsig.org/](https://www.ipnsig.org/)) (accessed on 6 December 2023)) has established, as their mission, to procure Internet for everyone, everywhere, even in space. As part of this mission, they have developed several experimental protocols or Bundle Protocols (BPs), of which DTN is the main one. This protocol is designed to provide communication in contexts and environments where there is no way to ensure a response time that complies with networks, such as TCP/IP. The lack of connectivity in a TCP/IP network creates higher congestion due to the retransmissions of packets that time out. As DTN has been tested in space communication and terrestrial applications, it could be a possible option for communication in rural areas around the world where there is limited or no connection. It would be interesting to evaluate to what extent this communication technology could be a solution that complies with what is considered a human right on the Internet. It is well known that people use the Internet mostly for TCP/IP applications. TCP/IP accounts for 95% of the worldwide networking traffic. Therefore, one can state that for DTN to be considered a solution for providing communication in rural areas, it must comply with TCP/IP. Telecommunication infrastructure in rural areas, in general, if it exists, consists of satellite links and long-distance wireless connections of a low bandwidth. This infrastructure serves low-density population spread in regions with diverse topographic conditions where normal network transmissions are not always possible. DTN can fit in such a scenario, as application data are bundled and stored locally at each node and forwarded whenever there is an available node until it reaches the destination. This means it provides a custody-based retransmission service and stores data for long periods. This way, it is ensured that packets are not dropped or time-out in case of bandwidth delays or temporal breakups. In rural areas where telecommunication infrastructure includes satellite links and wireless networks, the round-trip time (RTT), including routing and processing delays, can be quite high. In addition, there are operational conditions, such as mobility, weather conditions, and link obstructions, as well as other radio transmission aspects, such as modulation and coding. Here is where BP can play a role in supporting communication with these characteristics [1]. BP works with native Internet protocols through convergence layer adapters that can work over TCP (i.e., TCPCL), UDP (i.e., UDPCL), and other transport protocols. This architecture provides end-point identifiers and coarse-grained services, such as bundle transmission, bundle reception, session keeping, and passive listening. Bundles are data blocks with semantic information related to the application, which defines the services needed [2]. DTN has been already for a while and much research has been performed around this technology. It was first defined in 2004 by RFC 4838 (DTN Architecture definition); in 2007, in the RFC 5050, the BP was established; and then, in 2022, through RFC 9171, a new version was released, IPv7.