# Copper Price Prediction Using Support Vector Regression Technique
## 5 Methodology
### Step 4: Performance Measures
For medium-term predictions, such as monthly and annual predictions, governments may be more interested in their national budget, as is the case in Chile, which is an economy whose income and tax revenues come from copper mining. In the long-term (more than one year), investors and mining companies will be more interested in their long-term investment plans, such as the process of improvement, expansion, a search of new deposits that give value to their investments, or institutional or private investors with long-term investment horizons with buy and hold investment strategies. For future work, it is necessary to apply the method to other time series of the stock index--for example, Standard & Poor's 500 (S&P 500), Dow Jones, National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotation (NASDAQ) and BOVESPA. Furthermore, we can apply the method to others commodities like gold, silver, brent crude oil and corn to determine if it is possible to make forecasts with an error margin similar to the one found in this work. Conceptualization, G.A., R.C. and M.C. ; formal analysis, G.A. ; funding acquisition, M.C. ; investigation, G.A. and R.C. ; methodology, G.A., R.C., C.F.-C. and M.C. ; project administration, M.C. ; software, G.A. and R.C. ; supervision, M.C. ; validation, C.F.-C.; visualization, G.A. and R.C. ; writing--original draft, G.A. and R.C. ; writing--review and editing, C.F.-C. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. This research is parcialy founded for Fondecyt project #1181659. We are grateful to the Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH) and to Parcialy founded for Fondecyt project #1181659. Furthermore, the authors thank [PERSON] for the style correction of the language. Finally, the authors thank the referees for their valuable comments, which greatly improved the content and readability of the work. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest in the publication of this paper. ## Abbreviations

The following abbreviations are used in this manuscript: \begin{tabular}{l l} ARIMA & Autoregressive integrated moving average \\ BOVESPA & Sao Paulo State Stock Exchange \\ COMEX & Commodity Exchange Market of New York \\ GDP & Gross domestic product \\ KOSPI & Korean Composite Stock Price Index \\ LME & London Metal Exchange \\ MMN & Min-max normalization \\ MSE & Mean squared error \\ NASDAQ & National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotation \\ RBF & Gaussian function of a radial base \\ RMSE & Root-mean-square error \\ RSI & Relative strength index \\ SHFE & Shanghai Futures Exchange \\ S\&P 500 & Standard \& Poor's 500 \\ SSEC & Shanghai Stock Exchange Composite \\ SVM & Support vector machine \\ SVR & Support vector regression \\ \end{tabular} 

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