## 1 Introduction  
In Korea, regarding the disturbance of the soil environment, two major issues that are still in progress and have many problems to be solved are the trace element contamination by abandoned mines and the exhaustion of surplus liquid fertilizer into soil.  
Domestic livestock breeding scale is becoming commercialized and large-scale as meat consumption increases, and the amount of livestock manure is also increasing. More than 90% of the livestock manure is converted into compost and liquid fertilizer, and they are put into agricultural soil [1]. However, the area of agricultural soil to which compost and liquid fertilizer would be input is limited and the storage cost of liquid fertilizer has been accumulated. Thus, surplus liquid fertilizer is sprayed indiscriminately, contaminating the soil and ground water [2]. Intensive nutrient input generates a large amount of ammonia emission in a short time, which is a very problematic global issue, and of course, Korea is no exception recently [2; 3; 4]. Therefore, there is an urgent need for healthy and sustainable consumption of surplus fertilizer, and these issues may be global, not just one country's.  
More than 85% of the approximately 5400 mines distributed all over the country are poorly managed and abandoned, threatening the environment and the health of nearby residents [5]. There are three main pathways that cause health risks for residents in an abandoned mine area: (1) inhalation or skin adsorption of soil particles containing toxic trace elements, (2) drinking contaminated ground water, and (3) ingestion of contaminated food crops [6; 7]. Among various remediation technologies, stabilization methods using amendments are being actively applied to reduce mobility, bioavailability and toxicity of trace elements in soil [8]. Because an abandoned mine area, including waste rock and mine tailing, is vulnerable to wind dispersal and water erosion, the revegetation method is also recommended. However, such an area has poor physicochemical properties of soil and a lack of nutrients, which makes it difficult to introduce vegetation [9]. For this reason, not only stabilizers that reduce trace elements toxicity but also fertilizers that increase mineral nutrient and soil fertility were all used in combination, and this is called aided-phytostabilization. To conserve limited resources and to maintain sustainable environmental management, the application of industrial and agricultural byproducts is highly recommended [10]. [PERSON] et al. [11] used liquid fertilizer from food waste for the reclamation of zinc-contaminated soil, resulting in increases in both soil organic matter and ammonium ion content. [PERSON] et al. [12] also used liquid fertilizer for enhancement ryegrass growth in contaminated soil. [PERSON] et al. [13] reported that although it was not liquid fertilizer, solid type compost was treated within mine tailings with high lead and zinc concentrations to grow rye grass and to improve the physico-chemical properties of the tailings. These previous studies have confirmed that agricultural byproducts such as compost and liquid fertilizer could promote plant growth in heavy metal contaminated sites. In particular, considering the domestic situation that closed mines are distributed all over the country, and fertilizers originating from livestock manure are also produced all over the country, the applicability of agricultural byproducts to the remediation of abandoned mine areas can be examined.  
Thus, the aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of incorporation of amendments (limestone, red mud, acid mine drainage sludge) and liquid fertilizer, into highly As-contaminated soil on the initial introduction of vegetation, and the effects of vegetation on soil microbiology.