# A TCP Acceleration Algorithm for Aerospace-Ground Service Networks
###### 1 Introduction  
The distance between the sending and receiving ends of an aerospace-ground service network can exceed several thousand kilometers. Therefore, data transmission between the sending and receiving ends represents ultra-long-distance optical fiber transmission through a special line. It should be noted that without using a relay, the maximum effective transmission distance of an optical fiber is tens of kilometers, as optical signals attenuate to a certain extent to meet transmission bandwidth requirements. Accordingly, relay stations must be added to the transmission route to compensate for optical signal attenuation to realize ultra-long-distance transmission. However, the bit error rate (BER) increases with the number of used relay stations, which can result in packet loss and cause a packet error during data transmission. Namely, in ultra-long-distance optical fiber transmission over a special line, packet loss and an error in data transmission are caused by the attenuation of optical signals and BER, not by congestion on a physical link. However, in the standard TCP protocol, packet loss is treated as link congestion, thus reducing the transmission rate. Furthermore, this processing mechanism contradicts the reality of ultra-long-distance optical fiber transmission through a dedicated line, which results in bandwidth waste. The TCP protocol ensures data flow reliability using sequence confirmation and packet retransmission mechanisms. In addition, it achieves excellent adaptability under various network conditions and, thus, has significantly contributed to the rapid development andpopolarization of the Internet. However, the TCP protocol was designed more than two decades ago; consequently, it is unsuitable to model high-bandwidth, long-delay services in current ground networks. When packets are lost or delayed along the network path, the throughput of a TCP connection is significantly reduced. As a result, bandwidth is frequently underutilized, causing idle and unexploited bandwidth. Therefore, using the TCP will significantly increase long-distance data transmission and slow application response time, and it can even cause failure in data transmission. The literature [1; 2] proposed some quantum logic gates and proved the success of the operations in implementing these gates. The literature [3; 4; 5; 6] proposed a multi-qubit system consisting of two trapped ions coupled in a laser field. These devices may provide the next-generation design for quantum computers. To adapt to the current network characteristics of wide bandwidth and long delay, it is necessary to modify the TCP design to increase the transmission rate.  
This article discusses the application of lightweight learning-based congestion control. The term \"lightweight\" refers to a type of congestion control algorithm that does not include deep learning, such as heuristic algorithms, utility functions, or gradient descent. A lightweight algorithm requires short training time and has a low cost, which makes it \"light.\" In addition, it accelerates TCP transmission and improves TCP connection stability by improving the standard TCP protocol and its handling of congestion, and the algorithm can detect and compensate for packet loss accurately and in a timely manner.