## 1 Introduction
A further important aspect is the purpose of the study, while information of the utmost importance will afford a better understanding of both the actual seismic hazard and the structural damage caused by previous earthquakes. The study of seismic vulnerability and risk proposed in the present paper is based on the vulnerability index method derived from the original Italian GNDT approach [2]. The method provides a vulnerability index as a sum of vulnerability scores, representing a main material and structural and non-structural characteristics important for the seismic behavior of building. Thus, the vulnerability of an urban area can be represented by the vulnerability index map, which informs civil protection bodies of territorial vulnerability and contributes to the planning and managing of emergency actions. More information about seismic capacity and risk of the buildings can be obtained by linking the vulnerability indices with the intensity of a seismic event. The knowledge about seismic capacity expressed by intensity, peak ground acceleration, or damage is especially important in the prevention of activities aimed to determine priorities in structural interventions and reconstructions. There have been several studies that established vulnerability-damage-peak ground acceleration relationships on an observational basis starting from information about the pre-existing damage levels triggered by past earthquakes [1; 25]. The main problem with the application of this relationships is the scarcity of data on previous earthquakes, which are needed to calibrate the model in another area. Non-linear computational approaches, such as the static non-linear (pushover) method and the incremental dynamic analysis, can compute the critical states of the structure, both in terms of capacity represented by peak ground acceleration and associated damage. Therefore, using these non-linear analytical approaches, post earthquake damage data can be replaced with those obtained from the numerical tests. The consequence is that empirical information from the form of the vulnerability index can be linked with quantitative numerical results obtained by means of a non-linear approach. This is an important step in the calibration of the vulnerability model and in establishing relationships between the vulnerability index based on qualitative empirical estimation and the quantitative indicators of structural capacities. A few recent investigations have been performed to assess seismic capacity and/or damage based on vulnerability indices and critical peak ground acceleration obtained by pushover analyses [26; 27]. One such hybrid approach has been developed for establishing seismic vulnerability in the Mediterranean urban center of Lampedusa Island in Italy [27]. The procedure combined experimental data and numerical results obtained for a class of buildings representative of the most widespread typology with the purpose of calibrating the vulnerability curves previously obtained by [PERSON] and [PERSON] [4]. Peak ground accelerations corresponding to the life safety limit state have been also analyzed by pushover analysis and used for the seismic fragility assessment of masonry buildings [17]. The hybrid seismic risk assessment procedure adopted in the present paper combines the vulnerability index method with the non-linear pushover analysis of buildings. The methodology has been applied to the entire settlement of Kastel Kambelovac, a small Mediterranean urban settlement along the Croatian side of the Adriatic Sea and consisting of a historical core constituted by stonemasonry. The historical core was erected between the 15 th and the 19 th century, while the periphery outside of the historical core includes more modern buildings. In particular, five main categories of construction data of the modern buildings have been recognized: before 1948, 1949-1964, 1964-1982, 1982-2005, and modern buildings erected from 2005 onwards.