# Progress and Prospect of Saline-Alkaline Soil Management Technology: A Review
## 6 Conclusions  
There is a long way to go for the treatment of and research on saline-alkaline land. In northeast China, such as the Heilongjiang, Jilin, and Liaoning provinces, the sustainable utilization of water resources should be fully considered when improving saline-alkaline land. This will ensure a win-win situation for saline-alkaline land improvement and water conservation through the rational deployment of external fresh water resources, optimization of irrigation systems, and promotion of water-saving irrigation techniques [148; 149]. In northwest China, including Qinghai, Gansu, Ningxia, and other areas, there is a water shortage, and these regions have faced the problem of overexploitation. The ecological environment is extremely fragile. In these areas, the improvement and utilization of saline-alkaline and alkaline land must be approached more prudent [150]. Priority should be given to the protection of the region's fragile natural saline-alkaline eco-environmental systems and the prevention of wider ecological catastrophes caused by short-term, small-scale improvement and utilization, which is a current priority [151; 152]. With the deepening of research on saline-alkaline soil treatment, an increasing number of technologies are being integrated across disciplines, including gene editing, nanotechnology, and biotechnology. By utilizing gene editing technology, crop varieties with exceptional salt and alkali tolerance have been cultivated, enabling these crops to thrive in high saline-alkaline environments, thereby significantly enhancing agricultural output in saline-alkaline land [153; 154]. Regarding new materials and nanotechnology, research by [PERSON] [153] discovered that nanomaterials are capable of adsorbing and immobilizing salt in soil. By applying nanomaterials to saline-alkaline land, soil salinity can be effectively reduced. The viability \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Method** & **Effectiveness** & **Cost (Per Hectare)** & **Scalability** & **Environmental Risks** & **References** \\ \hline Water Conservancy & \begin{tabular}{c} pH reduction: \\ Moderate (0.5–1.5) \\ Salt removal: High \\ (60–80\%) \\ \end{tabular} & High (USD 800–USD 1500) & Moderate & \begin{tabular}{c} High water \\ consumption; \\ nutrient leaching; soil \\ structure degradation \\ \end{tabular} & [26; 28; 35] \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Phytoremediation} & pH reduction: Low & & & & \\  & (0.3–0.8) & & & & \\  & Salt removal: Slow & & & & \\  & but cumulative & & & & \\  & (40-60\% in & & & \\  & 5–10 years) & & & & \\ \hline Traditional & pH reduction: High & & & & \\ Inorganic & (1.5–3.0) & Low–Moderate & Moderate & contamination (e.g., gypsum residues); & [38; 42] \\ Chemistry & Salt removal: Rapid & (USD 300–USD 800) & (weather-dependent) & nutrient imbalance & \\  & (70–90\%) & & & & \\ \hline Agricultural & \begin{tabular}{c} pH reduction: Low \\ (0.2–0.7) \\ Salt removal: \\ Gradual (30–50\%) \\ \end{tabular} & Moderate (USD 400–USD 700) & \
\begin{tabular}{c} High (low-tech \\ requirements) \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} Minimal risks; \\ improves soil fertility \\ \end{tabular} & [66; 67; 68] \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Humic Acid} & pH reduction: & & & & \\  & Moderate (1.0-2.0) & Moderate (USD 500–USD 900) & Moderate (requires organic inputs) & Low; improves soil organic matter & [96; 98] \\  & & Moderate (50–70\%) & & & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Biochar} & pH reduction: Low & & & & \\  & (0.5–1.0) & & & & \\  & Salt removal: & & & & \\  & Moderate (50–70\%) & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Wood Vinegar} & pH reduction: High & & & & \\  & (1.5–2.5) & Low–Moderate & High (easy \\  & Salt removal: High & (USD 300–USD 600) & application) & & \\  & (70–85\%) & & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Comparative analysis of traditional and advanced technologies for saline-alkaline soil management. of nanomaterials has been supported by numerous studies. For example, [PERSON] et al.