## 4 Conclusions  
In this study, we analyzed the impact of the near-field antenna/body interactions on TPD at 60 GHz. To assess the variations of TPD due to presence of a skin-equivalent model, sources of increasing complexity were considered, including plane wave with and without a PEC, plane wave with free-space losses, antenna-equivalent sources with and without a PEC, and patch antenna arrays. The spatial distribution of the TPD is impacted by the presence of a body due to constructive or destructive interferences impacting both peak and averaged TPD. Our results demonstrate that, for all scenarios considered in this study, the presence of the body in the vicinity of a source results in an increase in the average TPD. The local TPD variations depend on the source/body separation distance. The TPD enhancement due to presence of the human body reaches 574% and 80% for the plane-wave excitation with and without free-space losses, respectively. For the antenna-equivalent sources, the presence of a PEC increases (decreases) local TPD from 174% to 497% (39% to 54.7%)  
Figure 10: Patch antenna arrays and their corresponding equivalent sources (scenarios 5 and 7). Peak TPD of (**a**) SPA; (**b**) 2 \(\times\) 2 PAA; (**c**) 2 \(\times\) 4 PAA; (**d**) 4 \(\times\) 4 PAA. TPD variations due to antenna/phantom coupling: (**e**) SPA; (**f**) 2 \(\times\) 2 PAA; (**g**) 2 \(\times\) 4 PAA; (**h**) 4 \(\times\) 4 PAA. The interface between the reactive and radiating near-field regions are denoted with \(\mathrm{d_{r}}=0.62\sqrt{\mathrm{D^{3}/\lambda}}\), where \(\lambda_{0}\) is the free-space wavelength and D is the largest dimension of the patch array elements [30]. (**i**) Envelope of \(\mathrm{Y_{(7,5)}}\). depending on the number of patches (minimum and maximum variations are observed for SPA and \(4\times 4\) PAA antenna-equivalent sources, respectively). Note that these variations are higher compared to the plane-wave excitation with free-space losses. The variations decrease for realistic topologies of the patch antenna arrays (increase up to 95.5% observed for \(2\times 4\) PAA and decrease down to 30.1% observed for \(2\times 2\) PAA). Note that the amplitude of TPD variations also depends on the reflection coefficient at the air/skin interface. For instance, the variations are higher for wet skin (increase up to 98.25% and decrease down to 32.5%) and for children (increase up to 103.3% and decrease down to 33.7%). These results suggest that, due to antenna/body interactions, the exact TPD distribution, and as a result the peak and averaged values of TPD, cannot be retrieved from free-space measurements of the incident PD in the absence of a human body model. Therefore, for accurate measurements of the absorbed and epithelial power density, used as the main dosimetric quantities \(>6\) GHz, it is important to perform measurements under conditions where the wireless device under test is perturbed in the same way as by the presence of the human body in realistic use case scenarios. Conceptualization, [PERSON] ([PERSON]) and [PERSON] ([PERSON]); Formal analysis, [PERSON] ([PERSON]); Investigation, [PERSON] ([PERSON]) and [PERSON] ([PERSON]); Methodology, [PERSON] ([PERSON]) and [PERSON] ([PERSON]); Software, [PERSON] ([PERSON]); Supervision, [PERSON] and [PERSON]. ([PERSON]); Validation, [PERSON] ([PERSON]), [PERSON] and [PERSON]. ([PERSON]); Writing--original draft, [PERSON] ([PERSON]) and [PERSON] ([PERSON]); Writing--review and editing, [PERSON] ([PERSON]), [PERSON] and [PERSON]. ([PERSON]). All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. The study was supported by the French National Research Program for Environmental and Occupational Health of ANSS (2018/2 RF/07) through the NEAR 5G project.