# IoT-Based Cotton Plant Pest Detection and Smart-Response System
## 2 Related Work
### IoT in Agriculture  
The rapid technological development in recent years in IoT technologies is going to play a vital role in many agriculture-related applications. It is just because of the services and capabilities offered by the internet of things. Most authors have reviewed that \begin{table}
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**Research** & **Proposed System** & **Country** & **Crop** & **Pest or Disease** & **Contribution** \\ \hline \hline \multirow{6}{*}{[PERSON] [18]} & \multirow{6}{*}{IoT Framework} & \multirow{6}{*}{Saudia Arabia} & \multirow{6}{*}{Palm/Dates} & \multirow{6}{*}{Red Palm Weevil} & They have proposed a framework in which a smart palm monitoring prototype has been developed, and it monitors palms remotely using smart IoT-based agriculture sensors, which are capable of detecting red palm infestation in its early stages. It also uses web or mobile applications to interact with farms remotely. They have used an industrial-level IoT platform to interface between the user and system layers. & Researchers have proposed an IoT-based system that, in conjunction with digital image processing, detects various plant leaf diseases. In this system, some sensors monitor the values of various parameters of the environment, while many diseases can be detected by taking pictures with the help of digital cameras and processing digital images on them. & This research has proposed an IoT framework that will monitor eight specific field parameters on a daily basis. A predictive model has also been developed that has been able to identify diseases and insects through machine learning. & WSN Monitoring Infrastructure-Driven Fuzzy-Logic-Based Crop Pest prediction proposed. In which pests and diseases are identified due to various weather factors. The measured parameter includes temperature, relative humidity, and rainfall. The acquired weather information is used as training data by the genetic algorithm (GA) to optimize the rule base of a fuzzy logic-based prediction system. & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
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Table 1: Cont. most IoT architectures consist of four layers, the perception/sensors or device layer, the transport/network layer, which includes protocols, the processing or services layer, which offers processing and analysis of data and the application layer in last which includes monitoring and control applications [25; 26; 27; 28; 29; 30; 31; 32; 33; 34; 35; 36; 37; 38; 39]. These layers include all the main components of any IoT solution. In a paper [25], they proposed a framework for _Phytophthora_ early detection. It also maps out the future of how this technology will determine the future of agriculture and what will be the factors that will hinder it and prevent its spread in the future, and what things will challenge it in the future. These papers discuss the trends of IoT and also say which issues should be resolved very soon; otherwise, there will be no benefit in adopting this technology. At the same time, people's hopes for this technology and the limitations of this technology have been discussed. Figure 3 provides the key drivers of technology in smart agriculture. In these studies [25; 26], researchers have made a very comprehensive review of how IoT devices have completely transformed farming similar to any other field. We know that researching a new technology can be difficult and exciting. In [27], the authors have come up with the idea of using Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) sensors in drones to view the environment from above and survey the fields. Similarly, a 3-D imaging system has been proposed in [28] for agriculture applications. A real-time system has been developed in [29] that has made videos of pests and diseases and has analyzed those using sensors and video cameras. It also discusses the new trends in agriculture, i.e., sensors, and tries to prevent pests and diseases by obtaining data with the help of these sensors. In this project, the farmer can view the data of his entire field sensors through a web application or mobile application.