###### Abstract
For example, considering the characteristics of mining regions, a specialized Iron Mine Remote Sensing-Based Ecological Index (IM-RSEI) has been proposed for dense mining areas with the iron ore industries [45]. Current research on ecological quality evaluation using remote sensing data is extensive, but studies on resource-based cities often rely on panel data and statistical yearbooks, lacking objective quantitative assessments. This study addressed this gap by focusing on Jincheng City, a mature resource-based city, to analyze the dynamic impacts of mining cycles and urban construction on ecological changes. Urban development in resource-based cities typically centers around mining areas. Existing remote sensing assessments often overlook the combined effects of mining and urban expansion on the environment. The large-scale exploitation of resources and rapid urban growth significantly impact local air quality, with coal dust posing serious health risks to residents and vegetation. To provide a comprehensive evaluation, this study integrated the Indexed Coal Dust Index (ICDI) and Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) into the Remote Sensing Ecological Index (RSEI), creating the Resource Cities Ecological Index (RCEI). By examining the temporal and spatial gradients of these impacts, this study offers strategic recommendations and a feasible framework for sustainable mining operations and ecological restoration. It proposes an ecological evaluation model tailored to coal resource cities, guiding future environmental studies. The objectives of this study are the following:  
1. Utilizing Landsat data retrieved from the GEE platform, we aim to develop an ecological index, namely the Resource-Based City Ecological Index (RCEI), specifically designed to assess the ecological quality of cities relying on coal resources. This index takes into account the characteristics of coal exploitation as well as the synergistic effects between mining areas and urban environments. 2. Employing the RCEI index, we intend to monitor the spatial and temporal changes in the ecological environmental quality of Jincheng City from 1990 to 2022. Additionally, we will conduct a thorough analysis of the spatial distribution patterns of the ecological environmental quality in the city, offering insights into its evolving ecological environment and guiding effective management strategies. 3. Utilizing the Resource City Ecological Index (RCEI), this investigation will delve into the ecological dynamics encircling two emblematic mining districts within designated buffer zones. This study will contrast the ecological variances at divergent junctures of mining activity--pre-extraction, during active extraction, and post-closure--alongside spatial disparities proximal and distal to urban centers. 4. Furthermore, this study will scrutinize the intricate repercussions of coal extraction on ambient ecosystems, dissecting temporal and spatial gradients of influence. Synthesizing these multifaceted analyses, this research will proffer strategic counsel and actionable frameworks for mining operations and ecological rehabilitation, charting a course for the sustainable evolution of resource-dependent cities.