## 7 Applications of HAR in Healthcare
### Assistive Healthcare for Elderly People  
HAR is valuable in providing assistive healthcare for elderly or vulnerable groups especially those living alone. There is an increasing population of elderly people [113], and they are vulnerable to diseases and home accidents. However, access to healthcare services requires them going to hospitals, which might not always be feasible. With the incorpora \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{p{42.7 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt}} \hline \hline
**S/N** & **Dataset** & **No. of Participants** & **Sensors Used** & **Activities** \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{1} & \multirow{4}{*}{PAMAP2} & \multirow{4}{*}{9} & \multirow{4}{*}{accelerometer, gyroscope, heart rate, magnetometer} & \multirow{4}{*}{lying, sitting, standing, walking, running, cycling, Nordic walking, watching TV, computer work, car driving, ascending stairs, vacuum cleaning, ironing, folding laundry, house cleaning, playing soccer, rope jumping} \\ \cline{3-5}  & & & & Sleep, personal care, work, study, housework, caregiving, media, entertainment, sports, hobby, free time, shopping, regular activity, transport, meal, social \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{2} & \multirow{4}{*}{ETRI lifelog Dataset} & \multirow{4}{*}{22} & \multirow{4}{*}{GPS, PPG, accelerometer, gyroscope, heart rate, magnetometer, skin temp} & \multirow{4}{*}{Sleep, personal care, work, study, housework, caregiving, media, entertainment, sports, hobby, free time, shopping, regular activity, transport, meal, social} \\ \cline{3-5}  & & & & \\ \cline{3-5}  & \multirow{4}{*}{Wrist PPG During Exercise} & \multirow{4}{*}{23} & \multirow{4}{*}{ECG, PPG, accelerometer, gyroscope, magnetometer} & \multirow{4}{*}{walking, running, easy bike riding and hard bike riding} \\ \cline{3-5}  & & & & & Sitting still, Ascending/Descending stairs, table soccer, cycling, driving car, lunch break, walking, working \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{5} & \multirow{4}{*}{EMG Physical Action Dataset} & \multirow{4}{*}{4} & \multirow{4}{*}{EMG} & \multirow{4}{*}{Bowing, Clapping, Handshaking, Hugging, Jumping, Running, Seating, Standing, Walking, Waving, and aggressive actions, such as Elbowing, Front kicking, Hammering, Headering, Kneeing, Pulling, Punching, Pushing, Side-kicking, and Slapping.} \\ \cline{3-5}  & & & & Brushing, Washing hand, slicing, peeling, upstair, downstair, mixing, wipping, sweeping floor, turning shoulder, turning knee, turning haunch, turning ankle, walking, kicking, running, cycling \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{7} & \multirow{4}{*}{mHealth dataset} & \multirow{4}{*}{10} & \multirow{4}{*}{accelerometer, gyroscope, 2-lead ECG} & \multirow{4}{*}{Standing still, Sitting and relaxing, Lying down, Walking, Climbing stairs, Waist bends forward, Frontal elevation of arms, Knees bending (crouching), Cycling, Jogging, Running, Jump front and back.} \\ \cline{3-5}  & & & & Standing still, Sitting and relaxing, Lying down, Walking, Climbing stairs, Waist bends forward, Frontal elevation of arms, Knees bending (crouching), Cycling, Jogging, Running, Jump front and back. \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 5: HAR datasets with physiological data. tion of health vital sensors in wearable devices, their health vitals can be monitored in the comfort of their homes without interrupting their everyday routine. Wearable HAR devices can also be used to detect potential issues such as a fall or a decline in physical activities for this vulnerable group. In the event of a fall, caregivers and the necessary healthcare personnel can be notified for prompt intervention. It can also be used to identify and mitigate potential fall risks using gait patterns and balance. This is especially important because falls are one of the main causes of injuries and even death in the elderly [114]. However, these wearable sensors would depend on the elderly to wear them always, which might not always be convenient [115]. Also there is a question of the accuracy of some of these sensors, especially with healthcare applications where there is very little room for error.