## 3 Results
### Effectiveness Outcomes
#### 3.2.2 Transverse Arch Dimensional Changes  
This review includes ten studies (Table 6) that compared the effectiveness of PSLBs with that of CBs and ASLBs in terms of transverse arch development. [PERSON] et al. (2019) [43] evaluated how the proportions of the mandibular dental arch and WALA ridge changed in orthodontic patients treated using a PSLB system and conventional appliances. In comparison to the conventional appliance, they discovered that treatment with a PSLB system considerably enhanced the width of the WALA ridge and the dimensions of the mandibular arch. However, some studies have concluded that the same results would also appear with conventional orthodontic bracket systems. [PERSON] and [PERSON] (2014) [20] evaluated the transverse dimension changes in the maxillary arch and changes in maxillary molar inclinations in patients with class I malocclusion. They found that the conventional and Damon systems (PSLBs) were similar regarding transverse dimension changes in the maxillary arch. Still, the Damon system inclined the maxillary molars more bucucally than the conventional group. [PERSON] et al. (2015) [44] compared dentoalveolar changes in the mandibular arch, regarding transversal width and buccal bone thickness, in patients undergoing the initial phase of orthodontic treatment with PSLB or CB systems. They found no significant differences between the two systems regarding mandibular arch expansion or changes in buccal bone thickness or transversal width of the buccal bone. [PERSON] et al. (2016) [45] evaluated the effect of Damon self-ligating (PSLBs) and conventional bracket systems on buccal corridor widths and areas. They concluded that there was no significant difference in buccal corridor width or area in patients treated using the Damon self-ligating system or a conventional bracket system. Comparing transverse measures before and after the alignment stage was the objective of [PERSON] et al. 's (2018) [23] study. They discovered that, by enlarging the transverse diameter, both conventional and PSLB \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l} \hline \hline
**Studies with Some Differences between PSLB and ASLB/CB in Terms of Transverse Arch Dimensional Changes** & **Studies with No Differences between PSLB and ASLB/CB in Terms of Transverse Arch Dimensional Changes** \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. (2019) [43] & [PERSON] and [PERSON] (2014) [20] \\ [PERSON] et al. (2018) [23] & [PERSON] et al. (2015) [44] \\  & [PERSON] et al. (2016) [45] \\  & [PERSON] et al. (2021) [37] \\ [PERSON] et al. (2019) [47] & [PERSON] et al. (2013) [46] \\  & [PERSON] et al. (2016) [36] \\  & [PERSON] et al. [38] \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 6: Summary of the studies analyzing transverse arch dimensional changes. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l} \hline \hline
**Studies with Some Differences between PSLB and ASLB/CB** \\
**in Terms of Incisor Position Modification with** & **Studies with No Differences between PSLB and ASLB/CB in Terms of Incisor Position Modification with Torque Control** \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. (2020) [35] & [PERSON] et al. (2013) [34] \\ [PERSON] et al. (2021) [37] & [PERSON] et al. (2016) [36] \\  & [PERSON] et al. (2022) [38] \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 5: Summary of the studies analyzing periodontal health. procedures made it possible to align the teeth. Both procedures primarily produced transverse development in the premolar region, but PSLBs produced substantially more of it. For both jaws, the intercanine distance increased noticeably more with traditional than with PSLB orthodontic treatment. [PERSON] et al. (2021) [37] conducted a retrospective study to compare the effects of conventional appliances and PSLB in patients with class I malocclusion on dental arches. The study found no significant differences between the two groups intermal and interpremolar width measures. However, transverse linear measures tended to increase during orthodontic treatment, resolving misalignment and crowding in non-extractive treatments.