## 3 Results
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline
**Factors** & **Roadside** & **Urban** & **Rural** & **F-Value** & _p-Value** \\ \hline Clay \% & 32.50 \(\pm\) 3.58 \({}^{\mathrm{a}}\) & 32.112 \(\pm\) 2.35 \({}^{\mathrm{a}}\) & 32.89 \(\pm\) 3.23 \({}^{\mathrm{a}}\) & 1.59 & 0.24 \\ Silt \% & 31.54 \(\pm\) 2.45 \({}^{\mathrm{a}}\) & 30.73 \(\pm\) 2.03 \({}^{\mathrm{a}}\) & 33.86 \(\pm\) 2.65 \({}^{\mathrm{b}}\) & 6.04 & 0.0153 \({}^{\mathrm{a}}\)\({}^{\mathrm{a}}\)\({}^{\mathrm{a}}\) \\ Sand \% & 35.76 \(\pm\) 3.09 \({}^{\mathrm{a}}\) & 37.156 \(\pm\) 2.38 \({}^{\mathrm{ab}}\) & 33.23 \(\pm\) 2.29 \({}^{\mathrm{b}}\) & 6.62 & 0.0115 \({}^{\mathrm{a}}\)\({}^{\mathrm{a}}\) \\ pH (1.5) & 6.925 \(\pm\) 0.110 \({}^{\mathrm{a}}\) & 6.895 \(\pm\) 0.101 \({}^{\mathrm{a}}\) & 6.60 \(\pm\) 0.18 \({}^{\mathrm{a}}\) & 0.53 & 0.60 \\ OM \% & 0.710 \(\pm\) 0.12 \({}^{\mathrm{a}}\) & 1.188 \(\pm\) 0.19 \({}^{\mathrm{b}}\) & 0.719 \(\pm\) 0.149 \({}^{\mathrm{ab}}\) & 0.89 & 0.43 \\ EC (dS m\({}^{-1}\)) & 275.79 \(\pm\) 29.91 \({}^{\mathrm{a}}\) & 256.85 \(\pm\) 13.56 \({}^{\mathrm{b}}\) & 276.68 \(\pm\) 35.84 \({}^{\mathrm{ab}}\) & 0.49 & 0.62 \\ P (mg kg\({}^{-1}\)) & 4.12 \(\pm\) 0.35 \({}^{\mathrm{a}}\) & 4.72 \(\pm\) 0.29 \({}^{\mathrm{a}}\) & 4.22 \(\pm\) 0.26 \({}^{\mathrm{a}}\) & 0.49 & 0.62 \\ K (mg kg\({}^{-1}\)) & 93.25 \(\pm\) 11.07 \({}^{\mathrm{a}}\) & 84.55 \(\pm\) 6.82 \({}^{\mathrm{a}}\) & 97.72 \(\pm\) 11.89 \({}^{\mathrm{ab}}\) & 2.42 & 0.13 \\ Lime \% & 8.96 \(\pm\) 0.77 \({}^{\mathrm{a}}\) & 7.39 \(\pm\) 0.73 \({}^{\mathrm{ab}}\) & 8.02 \(\pm\) 1.02 \({}^{\mathrm{ab}}\) & 2.99 & 0.09 \\ N \% & 0.107 \(\pm\) 0.034 \({}^{\mathrm{a}}\) & 0.142 \(\pm\) 0.03 \({}^{\mathrm{ab}}\) & 0.060 \(\pm\) 0.02 \({}^{\mathrm{c}}\) & 1.22 & 0.33 \\ AW \% & 0.129 \(\pm\) 0.004 \({}^{\mathrm{a}}\) & 0.128 \(\pm\) 0.004 \({}^{\mathrm{a}}\) & 0.13 \(\pm\) 0.006 \({}^{\mathrm{b}}\) & 7.93 & 0.006 \({}^{\mathrm{a}}\)\({}^{\mathrm{a}}\)\({}^{\mathrm{a}}\) \\ Biomass (g) & 98.18 \(\pm\) 16.97 \({}^{\mathrm{a}}\) & 78.21 \(\pm\) 14.58 \({}^{\mathrm{b}}\) & 71.44 \(\pm\) 28.12 \({}^{\mathrm{bc}}\) & 2.11 & 0.16 \\ Rs & 7.5 \(\pm\) 1.5 \({}^{\mathrm{a}}\) & 6.42 \(\pm\) 0.36 \({}^{\mathrm{ba}}\) & 5.75 \(\pm\) 0.36 \({}^{\mathrm{b}}\) & 2.54 & 0.12 \\ H\({}^{\prime}\) & 2.13 \(\pm\) 0.06 \({}^{\mathrm{a}}\) & 1.82 \(\pm\) 0.04 \({}^{\mathrm{b}}\) & 1.38 \(\pm\) 0.00 \({}^{\mathrm{b}}\) & 2.93 & 0.05 \\ Eh & 0.955 \(\pm\) 0.01 \({}^{\mathrm{a}}\) & 0.904 \(\pm\) 0.004 \({}^{\mathrm{ab}}\) & 0.943 \(\pm\) 0.01 \({}^{\mathrm{a}}\) & 0.99 & 0.39 \\ \hline \end{tabular} Note: The data shows the mean and standard deviation from studied areas. Different superscript letters \({}^{\mathrm{a,b,c}}\) (within each group) show a significant difference among the group (_p_ < 0.05, LSD test). \({}^{\mathrm{a}}\)**_p_ < 0.01, OM (organic matter), EC (electrical conductivity), P (phosphorus), K (potassium), N (nitrogen), AW (available water), Rs (species richness), H\({}^{\prime}\) (Shannon index), Eh (evenness index).  
\end{table} 
Table 1: ANOVA following Bonferroni post-hoc test. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline
**Habitats** & **Stands** & **Sites Codes** & **SPI Mean \(\pm\) SE** & **CV (\%)** \\ \hline Road side & 1, 4, 2, 3 & PES, HAM, MBP, TEA & 1.83 \(\pm\) 0.27 \({}^{\mathrm{a}}\) & 30.42 \\ Urban & 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 9, 11 & MAN, AMG, ROC, YAH, & 1.12 \(\pm\) 0.14 \({}^{\mathrm{b}}\) & 34.96 \\ Rural & 12, 13, 14, 15 & NAK, SHI, GUA, BAD & 0.86 \(\pm\) 0.10 \({}^{\mathrm{b}}\) & 29.71 \\ _F_-value & - & - & 6.8426 & - \\ _p_-value & - & - & 0.0093 & - \\ \hline \end{tabular} Note: SPI (soil pollution index): site codes are same as that in Figure 2. Different superscript letters (\({}^{\mathrm{a,b}}\)) represents significant variations between groups.  
\end{table} 
Table 2: Physiochemical properties of soil samples among different groups following Bonferroni post-hoc test.