# Propolis as Natural Product in the Oral Cavity Bacterial Infections Treatment: A Systematic Review
## 4 Results
### Antibacterial Activity of Propolis in Oral Cavity Bacterial Infections
#### 4.2.2 In Vivo Studies
In the control group in the first test, 79 microorganisms of 25 species were isolated, after 7 days of treatment, 83 microorganisms of 28 species were isolated, while after 4 weeks of treatment, 92 microorganisms of 26 species were isolated. The eradicated bacterial species included: C. sporogenes, E. saburreum, L. fermentum, B. ovatus, B. uniformis, F. moriferum, P. oralis, and S. aureus. The microflora gained the following species: _C. chauvoei, P. propionicum, S. mutans_, and N. sicca. The number of the following bacteria declined: B. producta, C. closridridirome, L. acidophilus, C. ochracea, and S. sanguitis, but the count of certain bacteria increased: _A. isnelli, A. naslundii, C. gracilis, S. sabilarium,_ and N. sabiflora. The results were obtained in the study of thirty-seven patients who were divided into two groups: the I group (eighteen patients used toothpaste with the active ingredients: tea tree oil and 1.5% ethanol extract of Polish propolisols), and the II group (nineteen patients used negative control toothpaste) [8]. [PERSON] et al. [16] analyzed the effect of marketed toothpaste and the addition of the extract of Bulgarian propolisols to the toothpaste on oral microbial flora. The authors showed that the Bulgarian propolis in the toothpaste may improve the oral hygiene of patients, since it increases oral health, gingival condition, and activity against periodontal and cariogenic pathogens. The authors noticed a decrease in _S. mutans_ samples from nine to four and from 10 to zero, respectively for the control and propolisis groups. The study showed that the propolisols extract completely eradicated _S. mutans, F. variant_, Gram-negative cocci, Gram-positive rods, P. asaccharolyticus, P. bivia, P. intermedia, P. melani, and S. _intermedius. Neisseria spp._ and _S. viridans_ were resistant, since both strains were presented before and after treatment. No side effects were noticed by the authors in either group. The results were obtained based on the study of thirty-five students who were classified as follows: the I group (used marketed toothpaste in their routine oral hygiene) and the II group (added 10 drops of Propolin containing standardized 20% hydroalcoholic extract of Bulgarian propolisols to the toothpaste before every brushing for 20 days) [16]. [PERSON] et al. [104] assessed the antimicrobial properties of 2% pure propolisols in chewing gum and mouthwash against _S. mutans_. The authors observed that propolisols in chewing gum and/or mouthwash can be used in the bacterial treatment in high caries risk children. The results were obtained based on the study of sixty children who constituted two study groups: the I group (thirty children received propolis chewing gum), and the IIgroup (thirty children received propolis mouthwash). In both groups, the authors observed a highly significant difference between the mean values of the absolute total bacterial count before and after the intervention. The percentage changes were 28.95 \(\pm\) 10.66 and 31.65 \(\pm\) 14.62 for the groups I and II, respectively. In case of the absolute count of _S. mutans_, no significant differences were observed before and after treatment. The percentage change decreased by 64.85 \(\pm\) 38.30 and 66.47 \(\pm\) 37.84% for the groups I and II, respectively [104]. The antibacterial efficacy of a propolis-based dendrimific was assessed by [PERSON] et al. [105], and the study focused on _S. mutans_, which colonized the oral cavity of young patients. The researchers observed an _in vivo_ antimicrobial activity of propolisis denitrifice against _S. mutans_. The study was carried out on 30 children who used propolisis denitrifice (Probee,tm Quasi-Medical Products, Seoul Propolis) daily for three minutes over four weeks. The samples of plaque and saliva were collected at baseline as well as in the 1 st week, 3 rd week, and 4 th week, and _S. mutans_ count was estimated with the use of a Dentocult\(\otimes\)SM strip Mutans kit (Orion Diagnostic Oy, Finland). The mean _S.