## 3 Results
### Data Collection
The reduction in these Bragg peaks is considered a factor in the radiation damage caused by exposure of the crystal to X-rays. In Thaumatin\({}^{100 ms}\), -1350 Bragg peaks were observed when the I/sigma value was 5 at 90\({}^{\circ}\), while -1250 Bragg peaks were observed at 270\({}^{\circ}\). In addition, when I/sigma was 10, 20, and 30 at 360\({}^{\circ}\), the number of observed Bragg peaks was reduced by \(\sim\)20% compared with that at the initial 1\({}^{\circ}\). The reduction in these Bragg peaks is considered a factor in the radiation damage caused by exposure of the crystal to X-rays. Meanwhile, because X-rays penetrate the crystal, the angle at which the X-ray is exposed to the crystal and its 180\({}^{\circ}\) rotation angle have the X-ray path in the same crystal volume. Accordingly, both Thaumatin\({}^{18}\) and Thaumatin\({}^{100 ms}\) showed the same tendency for Bragg peaks detected between 1-180\({}^{\circ}\) and 181-360\({}^{\circ}\). In the case of Thaumatin\({}^{18}\), the amount of X-ray exposure was higher at 1-180\({}^{\circ}\) compared with Thaumatin\({}^{100 ms}\); hence, it was more affected by radiation damage. As such, the Bragg peak value significantly decreased after 180\({}^{\circ}\). On the other hand, in Thaumatin\({}^{100 ms}\), the decrease in Bragg peaks after relatively low radiation damage was lower than that of Thaumatin\({}^{18}\). Meanwhile, Thaumatin\({}^{18}\) had a greater number of strong Bragg peaks than Thaumatin\({}^{100 ms}\), but the overall I/sigma (I) value of Thaumatin\({}^{18}\) was lower than that of Thaumatin\({}^{100 ms}\), because the mean Ibg of Thaumatin\({}^{18}\) (Ibg: 182.56) was higher than that of Thaumatin\({}^{100 ms}\) (mean Ibg: 13.45). Next, I/sigI with summation and profile fitting from integration data for Thaumatin\({}^{18}\) and Thaumatin\({}^{100 ms}\) were investigated (Figure 3C). The consumption and profile filtering values from the same data showed very similar trends and I/sigma values. For Thaumatin\({}^{18}\), the I/sigma values for images between 1\({}^{\circ}\) and 180\({}^{\circ}\) were approximately 6-10. After 180\({}^{\circ}\), the Bragg peak intensity sharply decreased and the I/sigma values for images between 181\({}^{\circ}\) and 360\({}^{\circ}\) were approximately 4-6, indicating that I/sigma had reduced by approximately 30-40%. For Thaumatin\({}^{100 ms}\), I/sigI of \(\sim\)4-6 was observed between 1\({}^{\circ}\) and 330\({}^{\circ}\) and then decreased to 3 after 330\({}^{\circ}\). I/sigI with summation and profile fitting from integration data were investigated. Meanwhile, Thaumatin\({}^{100 ms}\) showed a lower I/sigI value than Thaumatin\({}^{18}\); however, the background intensity was also low. Therefore, similar statistical results without significant differences were observed in terms of the mean I/sigma. Next, to investigate the global radiation damage, the R\({}_{\text{merge}}\) value of each image was investigated (Figure 3D). The R\({}_{\text{merge}}\) value of Thaumatin\({}^{18}\) was within 0.2 from 1\({}^{\circ}\) to 180\({}^{\circ}\); however, the R\({}_{\text{merge}}\) values were 0.6, 1.2, and 1.4 at approximately 200\({}^{\circ}\), 290\({}^{\circ}\), and 360\({}^{\circ}\), respectively. Correspondingly, the intensity of diffraction and the quality of the crystal were reduced in Thaumatin\({}^{18}\). In contrast, the R\({}_{\text{merge}}\) value of Thaumatin\({}^{18}\) after 180\({}^{\circ}\) and at approximately 330\({}^{\circ}\) was 0.3, and the corresponding location was a part with a large crystal volume and high intensity. The R\({}_{\text{merge}}\) value of Thaumatin\({}^{100 ms}\) was within 0.2 from 1\({}^{\circ}\) to 330\({}^{\circ}\) but increased to \(\sim\)0.3 from 330\({}^{\circ}\) to 360\({}^{\circ}\). These results indicate that global radiation damage to crystals can be minimized by low X-ray exposure time. Overall, the diffraction intensity due to radiation damage should decrease because the X-ray exposure time of a crystal increases with a single-point data collection strategy.