## 4 Conclusions  
This paper proposes a weak-target-tracking algorithm under jamming circumstances based on image processing, which we call 'P-Gabor'. The experiment results show that the presented approach can successfully realize automatic target tracking with jamming targets and is proved to have certain capabilities of noise suppression. First, we denoise the input BTR using the PCA approach, which improves tracking performance under low SNR conditions. Then, we performed TMA on the BTR diagram by using linear fitting, which can offer a motion prediction in the following snapshots. The proposed technique then constructs the 2D matching template using the Gabor function based on the estimated parameters above. A practical target-trajectory-template-generating approach is proposed, allowing the template set to be customized for various sensor array configurations. The templates are then compared with the target trajectories to obtain the bearing of the interested target. Next, we do a series of simulations to testify that the algorithm can track weak target with strong jamming targets successfully under low SIR to \(-23\) dB. Finally, a more difficult scenario with low SNR is performed in order to assess the dependability of the proposed technique. Furthermore, to validate the proposed approach's tracking capabilities under low SNR, we compare it to the LTM methodology in [21], which performed much better under low SNR conditions even with \(-25\) dB. Moreover, as demonstrated in Figure 11, the proposed technique outperforms the present PCA tracking method in terms of accuracy performance. However, we can observe from the assessed tests in sea trials that when the interested target is completely covered by the two jamming targets, it is impossible to track effectively using the template-matching approach.  
In future work, some improvements will be made regarding the accuracy of azimuth tracking in various ways.  
F.Y. ([PERSON]): Methodology, software, methodology, writing, investigation, writing--original draft preparation; C.L.: Investigation, resources, data curation, project administration and funding acquisition; H.W.: Investigation, resources, writing--review and editing, supervision, project administration and funding acquisition; F.Y. ([PERSON]): Investigation, conceptualization, writing--review and editing. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
This work was supported by the China Scholarship Council, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and National Natural Science Foundation of China (ID: 62171440).  
The authors would like to thank the editors and the reviewers for their comments on the manuscript of this article.  
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.  
The following abbreviations are used in this manuscript:  
\begin{tabular}{l l} DOA & Direction of arrival \\ BTR & Bearing time records \\ CAC & China Automation Congress \\ GPU & Graphics processing unit \\ CBF & Conventional Beamforming \\ SNR & Signal-to-noise ratio \\ PCA & Principal component analysis \\ SVD & Singular value decomposition \\ CRLB & Cramer-Rao Lower Band \\ TMA & Target motion analyzing \\ MVUE & Minimum-variance unbiased estimator \\ STFT & Short-time Fourier transform \\ ME & maximum energy tracking \\ LTM & Linear template matching \\ \end{tabular}