## 1 Introduction  
Waterproofing membranes are flexible building materials extensively used in walls, roofs, tunnels, highways, landfills, and other construction projects. Their primary function is to prevent the infiltration of rainwater and groundwater [1]. Serving as the first line of defense between the foundation and the structure, waterproofing membranes are vital for ensuring the safety and longevity of construction projects. Given their broad applications and the need for complex substrate treatments, these membranes must exhibit excellent water resistance, stability under temperature fluctuations, and anti-aging properties [2, 3]. Polyester tire self-adhesive asphalt waterproofing membranes (commonly referred to as self-adhesive membranes) are a new waterproofing material that has gained significant attention in recent years. The material incorporates a polyester tire base fabric as the reinforcement layer, which enhances the membrane's strength and protects it from surface damage. Meanwhile, the self-adhesive asphalt on the membrane's surface provides excellent creep resistance, allowing it to accommodate substrate deformations. The cold-application construction method ensures comprehensive adhesion between the membrane and the substrate without requiring specialized treatments for uneven surfaces, significantly reducing construction time and costs. This versatility renders it suitable for various construction environments. Due to its outstanding performance and ease of application, the self-adhesive membrane has been widely adopted in real-world projects. Its structure is shown in Figure 1.  
Self-adhesive membranes are widely used in various applications, but their durability issues have attracted considerable attention from scholars both domestically and internationally. [PERSON] et al. [4] investigated the low-temperature cracking performance of asphalt under the combined influence of heat and light. They proposed using asphalt elongation after 15 days of joint aging as a key index for evaluating low-temperature cracking performance and emphasized that asphalt composition, particularly the instability of asphaltenes, plays a critical role in its low-temperature cracking behavior [5]. [PERSON] et al. [6] investigated the changes in the chemical composition, molecular structure, and high- and low-temperature performance of various types of asphalt before and after hot-air aging using chromatographic column methods and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Their findings indicated that hot-air aging altered the distribution of organic compounds in asphalt. As the aging temperature increased, the low-temperature flexibility of asphalt decreased, and significant differences in aging resistance were observed across different types of asphalt. Additionally, higher temperatures were found to significantly accelerate the aging process [7]. [PERSON] et al. [8] conducted thermal aging and durability tests on five polymer-based, self-adhesive waterproofing membranes at various time points, observing a continuous fluctuation in tensile strength and elongation throughout the testing process. However, the research on asphalt waterproofing membranes extends beyond thermal and optical aging. [PERSON] et al. [9] found that the combined effect of thermo-oxidative aging and UV aging had a greater impact on asphalt than all-weather aging through comparative tests of natural and artificial aging. Interestingly, thermo-oxidative aging improved asphalt's resistance to deformation and its rutting performance at high temperatures. [PERSON] et al. [10,11] evaluated the durability of asphalt waterproofing membranes through one- and four-year outdoor natural exposure tests, assessing changes in the physical and bonding properties of asphalt under natural conditions. [PERSON] et al. [12] investigated the low-temperature performance of SBS-modified asphalt in different aging states through low-temperature bending tests and found that short-term aging enhanced the low-temperature performance of SBS-modified asphalt.