# An Integrated Decision Support System for Low-Disturbance Surface Mining
## 3 Overview of Results  
### Analysis of the Results of the F-AHP Study  
The weights and rankings of the leading indicators determined using the F-AHP method are shown in Figure 7. For prioritization, the ranking is based on a low-to-high realistic weighting criterion and a desirability weighting criterion. In terms of realism, higher rankings indicate greater concern in reality, while in terms of desirability, higher rankings indicate greater indicator value for low-disturbance open-pit mine development. Through the analysis, the prioritization order of the leading indicators in terms of reality is: \"Control of emission rock (CE)\" > \"Control of stripping works (CS)\" > \"Control of pollution emission (CP)\" > \"Control of drainage (CD)\"; In terms of desirability for: \"Control of stripping works (CS)\" > \"Control of emission rock (CE)\" > \"Control of pollution emission (CP)\" > \"Control of drainage (CD)\". According to the results of realism weighting, as shown in Figure 7a. The leading indicator with the lowest realism concern is \"Control of drainage (CD)\" with a weight of 0.1756, followed by \"Control of pollution emission (CP)\" with a weight of 0.2136; \"Control of stripping works (CS)\" has a higher weight of 0.2865; \"Control of emission rock (CE)\" indicator has the highest realistic concern with a weight of 0.3243. Figure 7: Relative weights and rankings of leading indicators. According to the results of desirability weighting, as shown in Figure 7b, the leading indicator with the highest desirability value is \"Control of stripping works (CS)\" with a weight of 0.3301; this is followed by the indicator \"Control of emission rock (CE)\" with a weight of 0.2739; followed by indicators \"Control of pollution emission (CP)\" and \"Control of drainage (CD)\", the corresponding weights are 0.2224 and 0.2026, respectively. The close weighting values of the CP and CD indicate that both are equally important for the development of low-disturbance open pit mines in terms of desirability. \"Control of stripping works (CS)\" is weighted less realistically than desirably, so the urgency of its development needs is obvious. After obtaining the weighting results for the leading indicators, the next step should be to compare the sub-indicators of the respective leading indicators two by two. The process is similar to that used in the above study for comparing matrices, obtaining relative weights, and calculating consistency ratios for leading indicators. The results of the two-by-two comparison matrix and consistency ratio calculations for all 13 sub-indicators with their corresponding leading indicators are shown in Tables A1-A5 (in Appendix A). The computational analysis showed that the consistency ratios of the matrices used were well below the range of 0.10, so the judgments were considered reliable. The N-BNP values of the subindicators with the rankings are shown in Figure 8.  
As shown in Figure 8a, the realism weights of the sub-indicators under the leading indicator \"Control of stripping works (CS)\" are: \"Intensity of land degradation (CS3)\" > \"Stripping intensity (CS2)\" > \"Extent of damage to extraction sites (CS1)\". The desirability weights are: \"Stripping intensity (CS2)\" > \"Intensity of land degradation (CS3)\" > \"Extent of damage to extraction sites (CS1)\". After analysis, it is found that the realism weight of CS2 is smaller than the desirability weight, so this indicator needs more attention and improvement. As shown in Figure 8b, the realism weights of sub-indicators under the leading indicator \"Control of emission rock (CE)\" are: \"Emission intensity of strippings (CE2)\" > \"Intensity of land occupation (CE4)\" > \"Utilisation of inner dump (CE3)\" > \"Extent of  
Figure 8: Relative weights and ranking of sub-indicators under leading indicators. damage to dumping (CE1)\". The desirability weights are: \"Intensity of land occupation (CE4)\" > \"Utilisation of inner dump (CE3)\" > \"Emission intensity of strippings (CE2)\" > \"Extent of damage to dumping (CE1)\".