# Future Internet Architectures on an Emerging Scale--A Systematic Review
## 2 Literature Review  
Recent research efforts in the field of future internet have focused on network architectures that support the hosting of internet services to seamlessly connect users with a range of services from any terminal or node. This starts with [6], wherein the authors examinedthe key research projects from the United States, the European Union, Japan, and China. They presented several key issues and topics that are related to clean slate vs. evolutionary approaches, the integration of mobility, security, and other models, architectures that are centered around people instead of machines, and service delivery networks that enable telecommunication carriers to provide SDN services to different ASPs. While content and IP are seen as major forms of service delivery, service delivery itself is considered to be the narrow waist of the network architecture. In paper [8], the authors analyzed the potential problems that were encountered by the TCP/IP architecture and presented SOFIA, a service-oriented architecture (SOA) where the network did not just serve as a transport layer, but a service queue that combined all the capabilities of transmission, storage, and computation to create a more secure and safe network with controllable states. Though the architecture was assessed on a testbed constituting a programmable virtual router, and, even after providing an inherent security and safety mechanism that ranged from service registration to migration and provided safer access to the services on every link, it was seen that the essence of future internet is still far-fetched. However, there is still uncertainty about whether the current TCP/IP protocol stacks and testbeds can support the development of new future internet architectures. In [9], the paper presented a survey of several projects, emphasizing the different networking architectures that are not hindered by the current TCP/IP network. Their work focused on various research projects such as testbed analyses for building new platforms and architectures, security, and content delivery techniques, to name a few, and served as a stepping point for performing future networking research. However, a question to be raised here is whether these testbeds and TCP/IP protocol stacks, to date, will support the use and development of new future internet architectures. In paper [7], the authors argued in favor of the emergence of clean-slate design as a central point allowing for the networking field to emerge and achieve the future internet that promises trustworthiness. These authors agreed that evolutionary and clean-slate approaches go hand-in-hand and were of the opinion that clean-slate helps in achieving security, reliability, and cost effectiveness with the ongoing evolution of the internet. Although the approaches that are mentioned above have promised an internet architecture with an increased number of applications and services, contrary to these approaches, we can think of the internet as a progressive ecosystem that encompasses several disciplines, as rightly penned by the authors. In recent years, there has been a focus on the development of the computing architectures that are in place and can support the computation and communication resources in a geographically dispersed environment, with the goal of accommodating a quality of service (QoS) for applications and services. This has led to the growth of active networks and edge computing, which aims to push caches to the edge, to support a fog architecture. However, there are still several issues to be addressed regarding the systematic arrangement and orchestration of the fog deployment, as discussed in [10]. In response to these challenges, the authors proposed an alternative to traditional cloud computing, namely edge and fog computing, which enable data centers to support both data-intensive and time-sensitive applications, particularly those that fall under the Internet of Things (IoT) umbrella.