# A Comprehensive Review of Computer Vision in Sports:
## 4 Literature Review
### Tennis  
Worldwide, Tennis has experienced gain a huge popularity. This game need a meticulous analysis to reducing human errors and extracting several statistics from the game's visual feed. Automated ball and player tracking belongs to such class of systems that requires sophisticated algorithms for analysis. The primary data for tennis are obtained from ball and player tracking systems, such as HawkEye [144, 145] and TennisSense [28, 146]. The data from these systems can be used to detect and track the ball/player [147, 148, 149, 150], visualizing the overall tennis match [151, 152] and predicting trajectories of ball landing positions [153, 154, 155], player activity recognition [156, 157, 158], analyzing the movements of the player and ball [159], analyzing the player behavior [160] and predicting the next shot movement [161] and real-time tennis swing classification [162]. Table 5 summarizes various proposed methodologies to resolve various challenging tasks in tennis with their limitations. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline \multicolumn{5}{c}{**Studies in Cricket**} \\ \hline
**Refs. ** & **Problem Statement** & **Proposed Methodology** & **Precision and Performance Characteristics** & **Limitations and Remarks** \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{[132]} & Detecting the third & & It holds 94\% accuracy in the & \multirow{4}{*}{To build an automated umpiring system based on computer vision and artificial intelligence, the results} \\  & unipre decision and & & & \\  & an automated scoring & & & \\  & system in a cricket & & & \\  & game. & & & \\  & & & & \\  & & & & \\  & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{[133]} & Classification of & & The test set accuracy of the & \multirow{4}{*}{To build an automated umpiring system based on computer vision application and artificial intelligence, the results} \\  & cricket bowling based on their booking actions. & & & \\  & & & & \\  & & & & \\  & & & & \\  & & & & \\  & & & & \\  & & & & \\  & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{[115]} & Recognition of various & & The proposed models can & \multirow{4}{*}{As the model is dependent on the frame per second of the video, it fails to recognize when the frames per second} \\  & batting shots in a & & & \\  & cricket game & & with 90\% accuracy. & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{[131]} & Automatic highlight & & & \\  & generation in the & & & \\  & game of cricket. & & & \\  & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{[133]} & Umpire pose detection & & & \\  & and classification in & & & \\  & cricket. & & & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{[116]} & Activity recognition & & The proposed method identifies & \multirow{4}{*}{To assess the player’s batting caliber, certain aspects of batting also need to be considered, i.e., the position of the batsmen before playing a shot and the method of batting shots for a particular bowling type can be modeled.} \\  & Activity assessment & Decision Trees, k-Nearest Neighbours, and SVM. & & & \\  & of batting shots. & & & \\  & & & & \\  & & & & \\  & & & \\  & & & & \\  & & & & \\  & & & & \\  & & & & \\  & & & \\  & & & & \\  & & & & \\  & & & & \\  & & &  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline  & & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Studies in Tennis**} \\ \hline
**Ref. ** & **Problem Statement** & **Proposed Methodology** & **Precision and Performance Characteristics** & **Limitations and Remarks** \\ \hline
[145] & Monitoring and & & The model achieved an mAP of & Using a lightweight backbone for \\  & Analyzing tactics of & YOLOv3 & 90\% with 13 FPS on & detection, modules can improve the \\  & tennis players. & & high-resolution images. & processing speed. \\ \hline
[158] & Player action & Temporal Deep Belief & The accuracy of the recognition & If two different movements are similar, \\  & recognition in tennis. & Network (Unsupervised & rate is 94.72\% & then the model fails to recognize the \\  & Learning Model) & & current action. \\ \hline
[162] & Tennis swing & SVM, Neural Network, & Maximum classification accuracy & If the play styles of the players are \\  & classification.