# A Comprehensive Review on Network Protocol Design for Autonomic Internet of Things
## 3 Review of Protocol Designs
### Protocol Designs for Security  
WSN and IoT networks may comprise of a large number of nodes that are geographically distributed. These nodes could be attached to human, plant, animal, building, vehicle, or any other object in any environment. They are also frequently used to sense private data or to transmit confidential and critical data. Hence, it is important to ensure the security for WSN and IoT networks. Many studies have been conducted to provide and improve security in WSN and IoT networks. [PERSON] and [PERSON] conducted a survey in [37] for security in WSN. There are several methods and models that were identified. Some protocols establish a defense mechanism in certain communication layer to maintain security, privacy or trust in the network. Some other protocols build an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) that inspects the traffic, the data, or the node's behavior to detect and block attacks to the network. * 1 Polynomial-Based Pair-Wise Key Pre-Distribution  
[PERSON] et al. in [38] proposed an intruder detection method in WSNs. The proposed method used the Polynomial-based Pair-wise Key Pre-distribution scheme and Counting Bloom Filters (PPKP-CBF) to uniquely identify each sensor node, so that no replicas can fake their real identifiers. The system will investigate whether the number of pair-wise keys established by sensor nodes exceeds the threshold so that any replicas will be detected. The performance of proposed protocol is evaluated through simulation. The simulation results verified that the proposed protocol can accurately detect the replicas in the mobile WSN and support their removal. However, the investigation of the keys may cost high processing power. Hence, the proposed protocol should be supported by adequate processing resource. * 2 Bio-Inspired Cross Layer Protocol  
In the area of protocol design for the network security, [PERSON] in [39] proposed the Bio-inspired Cross Layer Protocol for Intrusion Detection and Identification (BCLP-IDID). The method constructs a cross-layer design that embeds genetic algorithms, anti-phase synchronization, ant colony optimization, and a trust model based on quantized data reputation at the physical (PHY), medium access control (MAC), network, and application layers, respectively. The performance of BCLP-IDID is evaluated through simulation. Simulation results demonstrate synergies among the bio-inspired methods of the proposed baseline design improve overall Intrusion Detection and Identification (IDID) performance of networksover that of a single computational method. However, the implementation of the method will be computational intensive, which may not be suitable for resource constrained nodes. (3) Web Spider Defense Technique  
[PERSON] et al. in [40] proposed the Web Spider Defense Technique for IDS (WSDT-IDS). It is a bio-inspired system that uses the procedure taken by the web spider when it wants to catch its prey. At the beginning, the system listens if a fake node is receiving any connection request. If it receives a request, it slows down the connection by delaying the replies and informs the network that it has a possible intruder. These delays allow the system to gather information in order to identify it. If the system confirms that the node is an intruder or an attacker, it will deny the service. The performance of WSDT-IDS is evaluated through a real test bench. It tests the network performance for different response times, the CPU and RAM consumption, and the average and maximum values for ping, and tracert time responses using constant delay and exponential jitter. The result shows that the technique can be used to make an estimation of the amount of time needed by the network to do a diagnosis about the connection between the attacker and WSN node. However, the longer the network delay, the higher the response time for ping and tracert. Hence the existence of several attackers might worsen the network performance. (4) IoT Application-Scoped Access Control as a Service (IAACaaS)  
[PERSON] et al.