# Blockchain-Based Model to Improve the Performance of the Next-Generation Digital Supply Chain
## 5 Work-Flow Analysis
Comparison is done on the basis of various attributes such as trust, immutability, provenance, and consensus. The proposed model is more trustworthy as it works in a decentralized manner because of blockchain technology. There is no central authority that \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**Attributes** & **Proposed System (with Blockchain)** &
\begin{tabular}{c} **Traditional Method (without Blockchain)** \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline
**Structure** & Decentralized & Centralized \\ \hline
**Storage** & Distributed & Centralized \\ \hline
**Provenance** & History of transactions are available &
\begin{tabular}{c} Historical information is not \\ recorded \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline
**Immutability** & \
\begin{tabular}{c} Once written, even admin cannot \\ change the transaction information \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} The administrator can easily \\ manipulate the information \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline
**Trust** & \
\begin{tabular}{c} Trust in a collaborative environment \\ is increased \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} Trust issues are there with a \\ centralized approach \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline
**Consensus** &
\begin{tabular}{c} Agreement between stakeholders \\ is considered. \\ \end{tabular} & No such feature is available \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Outcomes of the proposed model over traditional models. can control the entire network but the model uses immutable distributed ledger therefore once the transaction is written in the ledger it cannot be deleted or modified. This model has a provenance feature. It means transactions can be traced back from their current state to their origin state and also has a consensus mechanism whereby every transaction will be executed by the agreement of the authorized nodes. High scores represent a significant presence of the respective parameter and low scores represent the absence of the same. The limitations of the blockchain technology-based model are that it has constraints such as the number of transactions per second, latency in transactions, and the amount of data in transactions. Regular updates in blockchain technology frameworks will surely improve the performance of these types of models in the future. ## 6 Conclusions

In a multi-stakeholder supply chain, maintaining product and process integrity is a significant challenge. Data fragmentation, a lack of reliable provenance, and a variety of protocol regulations across multiple distributions and processes plague many current solutions. Blockchain, among other technologies, has emerged as a leading technology because it provides secure traceability and control, immutability, and stakeholder trust in a low-cost IT solution [38]. The main goal of this article was to answer two research questions. First, what are the most important issues of the traditional supply chain ecosystem and second, how can these issues be resolved by integrating blockchain technology with the supply chain ecosystem. To determine the issues, we explored multiple research articles of this domain. To answer the second question, the various benefits of integration blockchain technology with the supply chain were explored and a model proposed. The proposed model employs the Ethereum blockchain with the proof of authority consensus algorithm and an interplanetary file system. This proposed model improves the performance by removing intermediaries and making payment processing via smart contract. We presented different aspects of the proposed model such as entity-relationship diagrams, sequence diagrams, and algorithms for smart contract communication. We presented how this integration of blockchain technology in the supply chain can bring trust, transparency, and security by immutability. This model can be applied to different supply chain models of various domains with slight amendments. Figure 6: Attribute based comparative analysis. **Author Contributions:** Conceptualization, [PERSON]. ([PERSON]), [PERSON], [PERSON], [PERSON]. ([PERSON]); methodology, [PERSON].