# Rates of High-Temperature Evaporation of Promising Fire-Extinguishing Liquid Droplets
## 2 Materials
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Composition**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Typical Mass Concentrations**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Properties of Admixtures and**} \\  & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**of Water Admixtures at**} & **Prepared Extinguishing Compositions** & **Regulatory Documents** \\  & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Extinguishing**} & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Water} & & Density 998.2 kg/m\({}^{3}\) & \\  & & Surface tension 72.7 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-3}\) N/m & \\  & & Dynamic viscosity 1.004 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-3}\) Pa\(\cdot\)s & \\  & & Temperature diffusivity 14.3 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-6}\) m\({}^{2}\)/s & \\  & & Heat capacity 4.183 kJ/(kg\(\cdot\)K) & \\  & & Thermal conductivity 0.599 W/(m\(\cdot\)K) & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Foaming agent emulsion} & & & Kinematic viscosity of the concentrate at \\  & & 20 \({}^{\circ}\)C is not above 40 mm\({}^{2}\)/s, & \\  & & Material density up to 20 \({}^{\circ}\)C is & \\  & & 1002-1187 kg/m\({}^{3}\) & \\  & & Properties of 10\% solution [19]- & SS 50588-2012 \\  & & Dynamic viscosity 0.12 Pa\(\cdot\)s & \\  & & Surface tension 17.3 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-3}\) N/m & \\  & & Temperature diffusivity 12.9 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-6}\) m\({}^{2}\)/s & \\  & & Heat capacity 3.995 kJ/(kg\(\cdot\)K) & \\  & & Thermal conductivity 0.595 W/(m\(\cdot\)K) & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Bentonite suspension} & & & The first group of fire-proof efficiency & \\  & & Melting point \(\sim\)1250 \({}^{\circ}\)C & \\  & & Properties of 10\% solution [20]: & \\  & & Density 1100 kg/m\({}^{3}\) & SS 16363, \\  & & Surface tension 68.5 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-3}\) N/m & \\  & & Dynamic viscosity 24.3 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-3}\) Pa\(\cdot\)s & CCR-21-03-2003 \\  & & Temperature diffusivity 5.44 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-4}\) m\({}^{2}\)/s & \\  & & Heat capacity 3.83 kJ/(kg\(\cdot\)K) & \\  & & Thermal conductivity 0.704 W/(m\(\cdot\)K) & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Bischofite solution} & & & The first group of fire-proof efficiency & \\  & & Properties of 10\% solution [21,22]: & \\  & & Thermal conductivity 0.58 W/(m\(\cdot\)K) & \\  & & Heat capacity 3.603 kJ/(kg\(\cdot\)K) & \\  & & Density 1081.49 kg/m\({}^{3}\) & \\  & & Dynamic viscosity 1.015 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-3}\) Pa\(\cdot\)s & \\  & & Boiling point 151.05 \({}^{\circ}\)C & \\  & & Surface tension 75.8 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-3}\) N/m & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{EA-5 solution} & & & The first group of fire-proof efficiency & \\  & & Properties of 10\% solution: & \\  & & Density 1099.1 kg/m\({}^{3}\) & \\  & & Surface tension 45 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-3}\) N/m & \\  & & Dynamic viscosity 1.112 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-3}\) Pa\(\cdot\)s & \\  & & Temperature diffusivity 12.9 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-6}\) m\({}^{2}\)/s & \\  & & Heat capacity 3.853 kJ/(kg\(\cdot\)K) & \\  & & Thermal conductivity 0.624 W/(m\(\cdot\)K) & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Properties of components and prepared solutions, suspensions, and emulsions. the surface tension of bi-distilled water (correction factor = 0.995). The density of the prepared extinguishing agents was determined by a measuring tank with a volume of 0.1 L and electronic scales. The calculation error was no larger than 5%. It should be noted that water additives used in the present work allow for obtaining fire-extinguishing compositions with significantly different mechanisms of impact on the fire bed. Therefore, the conditions of interaction with the flame and the heated surface of the decomposing material may also differ. Therefore, it is advisable to identify several key features of foaming agent emulsions, solutions of bischofite and EA-5, and bentonite suspension with combustion beds on the basis of the analysis of References [15; 16; 17; 18; 19; 20]. In particular, emulsions of foaming agents are intended for extinguishing fires of classes A and B using fresh or sea water. They are used to produce foam of low, medium, and high multiplicity, as well as wetting agent solutions.