## 3 Whole-Body Washdown  
Four studies investigated sweat electrolyte adaptations following heat training using the WBW method [42; 43; 44; 45] (Table 1). Of these four studies, two were part of the same larger cohort study [42; 43]. One of these two investigated sweat electrolyte adaptations following HAz and HA + HAz [42], whereas the other study investigated sweat electrolyte adaptations after an intermittent heat training protocol following an HA protocol [43]. Another study investigated sweat electrolyte adaptations following an HAz period of summer running in the northeastern United States [44]. Lastly, the other study measured sweat electrolyte adaptations when testing the effects of bromocriptine on sweat gland function following an HA protocol, but also included a control group that did not ingest the bromocriptine [45]. All four of these studies measured Na\({}^{+}\) and K\({}^{+}\), whereas only the two [PERSON] et al. (2021 and 2022) studies additionally measured Cl\({}^{-}\). Figure 2: Whole-body washdown (WBW) vs. regional sweat patches, advantages for sweat electrolyte analysis. Created with BioRender.com, accessed on 24 September 2024. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Study** & **Participant Characteristics** & **HA Classification** & **Sweet Electrolyte Assessment** & **Na* Sweat** & **CI– Sweat** & **K* Sweat** \\  & & & & & & **Conc.** & **Conc.** \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. (2018) [40] & 4 healthy individuals (\(\bar{y}=1\)) & 7-day HA & Forearm regional sweet collector & – & – & – \\ [PERSON] et al. (2021) [42] & 24 male endurance athletes & 4-month HA z + 5-days HA & WBW & & & \\ [PERSON] et al. (2022) [43] & 24 male endurance athletes & 4- and 8-wk IHT after 5-day HA & WBW & & & \\ [PERSON] (1987) [14] & 5 highly trained distance runners & 14-5-wk HAz & WBW & & & \\ [PERSON] et al. (1988) & 8 healthy males & 10-day HA & WBW & & & \\ [PERSON] et al. (2007) [14] & 8 healthy males & 10-day HA & Chest regional sweet collector & – & – \\ [PERSON] et al. (1999) [47] & 5 young, 4 highly fit old, and & 8-day HA & Chest, back, forearm, \&dash thigh & – & – \\ [PERSON] et al. (2015) [48] & 9 trained cyclists & 2-wk HAz & Back sweat patch & & – & – \\ [PERSON] and [PERSON] (1986) [49] & 10 healthy males & 10-day HA & Chest regional sweet patch & – & – \\ [PERSON] et al. (2020) [50] & 15 healthy participants (\(\bar{y}=5\)) & 10-day HA & Back and arm sweat patch & & & \\ [PERSON] et al. (2020) [51] & 8 healthy participants (\(\bar{y}=2\)) & 10-day HA & Back and arm sweat patch & & & \\ [PERSON] et al. (2010) [52] & 9 male tropical natives & 11-day HA & Forehead, chest, arm, forearm, and thigh & & & \\ [PERSON] et al. (2007) [53] & 7 healthy males & 3-day HA & Forearm sweet patch & & & \\ [PERSON] et al. (2019) [54] & 9 trained male and female runners & 3-wk heat training & Back sweat patch & – & – \\ [PERSON] et al. (2019) [54] & \(\langle f=3\rangle\) & 12 male sub-site cyclists & 5-wk HA & Back sweat patch & – & – \\ [PERSON] et al. (2019) [56] & 6 male cricket players & 4-day HA & Upper forearm sweat patch & & & \\ [PERSON] et al. (2020) [57] & 8 healthy males & 11-day HA & Back sweat patch & – & – \\ [PERSON] et al. (2005) [58] & 16 Malaysian-Malays males & 2-wk HA & Back sweat patch & – & & \\ [PERSON] et al. (2019) [59] & 20 healthy males & 5- and 10-day HA & Unspecified regional sweat patch & – & – \\ [PERSON] et al. (2021) [60] & 17 male competitive-level athletes & 5-day HA & Back sweat patch & – & – \\
19 male semiprofessional & 19 male semiprofessional & 6-day HAz & Back sweat patch & – & – \\ [PERSON] et al. (2012) [61] & 18 male Australian football players & 2-wk HAz & Back sweat patch & & – & – \\ [PERSON] et al. (2022) [63] & 51 untrained tropical native males & 10-day HA & Thigh sweat patch & & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} \(f\) (female HA, heat acclimation; HA, heat acclimitization; WWW, whole-body washdown; IHT, intermittent host training,  
\end{table} 
Table 1: Summary of heat acclimation/acclimatization and electrolyte concentration (conc.) investigations.