## 5 Conclusions  
In this paper, we have developed a straightforward method for detecting small targets in infrared compound eye images by integrating a compound eye structural weight operator, the reweighted l1 norm, and the RCTV method, based on the characteristics of bionic infrared compound eye imagery. This method boasts a high detection efficiency. In our detection model, we first designed a weight operator utilizing the feature of overlapping imaging scenes from adjacent ommatidia. This operator, combined with the reweighted l1 norm, enhances the distinction between target and background pixels. Furthermore, leveraging the theorem that the representative coefficient matrix can inherit the spatial structure of the data matrix, we applied TV regularization to constrain the representative coefficient matrix, thereby reducing computational complexity. Experimental analysis confirms that our method is fully applicable to the task of detecting small targets in infrared compound eye images.  
We will further analyze the image information and target characteristics of bionic infrared compound eye images, summarizing prior information from a vast amount of data with limited pixels to explore more precise and rapid low-rank sparse decomposition methods. This endeavor aims to better adapt to various types of compound eye images. Additionally, we will further integrate the biological principles of insect compound eye vision to explore more suitable target detection methods. Concurrently, we will continue to combine cutting-edge technology to develop more application scenarios for compound eye cameras and will persistently upgrade our bionic infrared compound eye cameras in future work [42, 43].  
Figure 13: Calculation error of target trajectory coordinates under ideal imaging conditions. (**a**) Schematic diagram of the geometric configuration of the coordinate system for the 19 ommatidia in the compound eye camera. (**b**) Spatial coordinate errors of the target computed from detection results using different numbers of ommatidia under ideal imaging conditions.  
**Supplementary Materials:** The following supporting information can be downloaded at: [[https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/app15094797/s1](https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/app15094797/s1)]([https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/app15094797/s1](https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/app15094797/s1)).
* [1]**Author Contributions:** Methodology, L.L.; validation, L.L.; investigation, L.L.; data curation, L.L., Y.Y., X.W. and S.H.; writing--original draft preparation, L.L.; writing--review and editing, L.L., S.G., J.Y. and Y.Y.; project administration, S.G. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.
* [2]**Funding:** The Opening Project of Shanghai Key Laboratory of Crime Scene Evidence (2024 XCWZK01).
* [3]**Institutional Review Board Statement:** Not applicable.
* [4]**Informed Consent Statement:** Not applicable.
* [5]**Data Availability Statement:** Some of the data have already been presented in the article, and the original data can be requested from the author with a reasonable justification.
* [6]**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflicts of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript; or in the decision to publish the results.