## 7 Effects of the Interventions into Microbiota on the Micronutrient Status of Humans
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**Supplementation in Treatment Group** & **Micronutrient** & **Researched Population** & **Type of Research and Reference** \\ \hline Familact\({}^{\circledR}\) with _L. casei, L. rhamns, S. thermophilus, B. breve, L. acidophilus, B. longum, L. bulgarcius, and FOS; MV and mineral supplement (not disclosed if given by the investigators or advised to take), intramuscular vitamin B12 & Vitamin B12, B9, and D\(\uparrow\) & 46 Iranian \(\hat{}\) women after one anastomosis gastric bypass/mini gastric bypass surgery & RCT with placebo [169] \\ \hline _ Flora Vantage\({}^{\circledR}\) L. acidophilus_ NCFM, _B. lactis_ Bi-07, and MV & Vitamin B9, B12, and D \(\star\uparrow\) & 101 Brazilian \(\hat{}\) patients after Roux-en-Y surgery & RCT with placebo [170] \\ \hline LactoWise\({}^{\circledR}\) _B. coagul_, galactomannans, advised to supplement MV with emphasis on vitamins D, B12, C, and Fe & Vitamin B12 and D & 60 American \(\hat{}\) patients after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy & RCT with placebo [171] \\ \hline Puritan’s Pride\({}^{\circledR}\) containing _Lactobacillus_, advised to supplement MV and vitamin B12 & Vitamin B12\(\uparrow\) & 44 American \(\hat{}\) patients after Roux-en-Y surgery & RCT, no placebo [172] \\ \hline _L. acidophilus, B. breve, B. longum, L. delbrueckii susp. bulgarcius, L. l. hevteticus, L. plantarum, L. rhammosus, L. casei, L. lactis susp. lactis, S. thermophilus, soluble fiber Nutriose\({}^{\circledR}\), and multivvitamin & Ferritin and haemoglobin & 48 German \(\hat{}\) patients after mini gastric bypass surgery & RCT with placebo [173] \\ \hline Bio-25\({}^{\circledR}\) L. acidophilus, B. b. bifidum, L. r. rhamns, L. lactis, L. casei, B. breve, S. thermophilus, B. longum, L. paracasei, L. plantarum, B. infantis, no information about MV supplement given & Ferritin and haemoglobin \(\star\downarrow\) & 100 Israeli \(\hat{}\) patients after sleeve gastrectomy surgery & RCT with placebo [174] \\ \hline _L. reuteri_ NCIMB 30242 & Vitamin A, D\(\uparrow\), E, \(\beta\)-carotene, Ca & 127 Czech \(\hat{}\) hypercholesterolicic adults & Post-hoc analysis of RCT with placebo [175] \\ \hline _L. acidophilus, B. bifidum, L. reuteri, L. fermentutum and vitamin D at 50,000 IU very two weeks in addition to vitamin D 1000 IU and B9 400 \(\mu\)g daily supplementation & Vitamin D\(\uparrow\) & 87 Iranian \(\hat{}\) women with gestational diabetes & RCT with placebo [176] \\ \hline _L. acidophilus_ La-B5, _B. lactis_ B-12 in yogurt enriched with vitamin D & Vitamin D & 119 Iranian \(\hat{}\) adults with obesity on low-calorie diet & RCT with placebo [177] \\ \hline _B. bifidum_ W23, _B. lactis_ W51, _B. lactis_ W52, _L. acidophilus_ W37, _L. brevis_ W63, _L. casei_ W56, _L. salivarius_ W24, _L. lactis_ W19, and _L. lactis_ W58 at two doses & Serum Fe, Zn \(\star\downarrow\), Cu Hair Fe \(\star\downarrow\), Zn, Cu with obesity & 90 Polish \(\hat{}\) postmenopausal women with obesity & RCT with placebo [178] \\ \hline _L. acidophilus, L. casei, L. rhamnosus, L. bulgarcius, B. breve, B. longum, S. thermophilus, and FOS_ & Ca\(\uparrow\), Zn, Mg, Fe & 58 Iranian \(\hat{}\) patients with T2D & RCT with placebo [179] \\ \hline Inulin from chicory enriched with FOS & Ca\(\uparrow\) & 46 Iranian \(\hat{}\) women with T2D & RCT with placebo [180] \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} RCT—Randomized controlled trial; FOS—fructo–oligo saccharides, MV—multivitamin, T2D—type two diabetes mellitus, arrows denote \(\hat{\uparrow}\)—increase and \(\hat{\downarrow}\)—decrease of blood levels (except for reference [178], where also hair levels were reported), \(\hat{\star}\)—result significantly different compared to baseline but not to control; at the same time, no significant change to baseline (with same direction) detected in the control group. \(\hat{}\) denotes patients eligible to participate in the study carried out in this country.  
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