esa-sceva/satcom-chunk-collection huggingface dataset:
###### Abstract  
According to the results of a dynamic prototype test for the surface outlet radial gate on the Jinping high arch dam during the flood discharging process, a novel cause of vibration fundamentally different from the traditional causes of flow-induced radial gate vibration, is analyzed for the first time. Under the condition that the flood is discharged only from mid-level outlets, an accompanying vibration of the surface outlet gate is induced by the vibration of the closely spaced mid-level outlet gates. It is counterintuitive that the most intense vibration occurs when the surface outlet gate is closed and, on the contrary, the vibration is reduced when the gate is opened and subjected to flow excitation. In order to analyze and explain this accompanying vibration phenomenon, a theoretical model is developed based on the conventional theory of passive vibration absorbers. The difference between the proposed and conventional theoretical models is that more complex load and damping conditions are considered, and more attention was paid to the dynamic behavior of the accessory structure. Then, the cause and mechanism for the surface outlet gate vibration is clarified in detail, based on the proposed theoretical model. The comprehensive analysis and mutual verification of the prototype test, theoretical derivation and numerical simulation, indicate that the clarification and the proposed theoretical model is reasonable and accurate. The research reported in this paper will be beneficial for the design, operation and maintenance of the hydraulic gates installed on high arch dams.  
theoretical analysis; accessory structure; hydraulic gate; structural dynamics; vibration amplification mechanism; accompanying vibration; ANSYS finite element software; MATLAB programming software
# Non-Centrifugal Sugar (NCS) and Health: A Review on Functional Components and Health Benefits
## 7 Safety of NCS  
Overall, various forms of cane sugar are not toxic sweeteners universally consumed [23]. However, chromium [45] and acrylamide [74] are present in unrefined case sugar, which resulted from the harvest stage and transformation. It was previously reported that acrylamide exposure might lead to various forms of cancer [75; 76]. Within the body, acrylamide is changed into glycidamide, which lead to DNA impairment. Nevertheless, epidemiological reports in humans have shown no concrete supporting facts that dietary acrylamide exposure is linked to the chance of any cancer [75; 77]. Furthermore, acrylamide generationmight be avoided or reduced by regulating various manufacturing process criteria [78]. For example, harmful trace elements arsenic, bromine, mercury, antimony and selenium were determined in NCS jaggery in Pakistan. However, their content is tolerated in human systems [79]. Moreover, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) contaminants generated in the manufacture of sugarcane products, are present in 80% of tested samples of NCS in Brazil ranging from 0.07 to 4.03 \(\upmu\)g kg\({}^{-1}\) (no safety levels have been recorded for PAHs) [80]. The components of various inorganic anions: chloride, phosphate, nitrate, nitrite, sulphate, and organic acids: lactic, acetic, formic, malic and citric, might be utilized as essential parameters of the grade of industrial NCS [81].  
In addition, several studies have addressed the toxicity and cytotoxicity effect of NCS. [PERSON] et al. [18] demonstrate the non-cytotoxic activity of NCS on the induced Parkinson's model by MTT and LDH assays after 48 h of exposure, even at the highest recorded concentration of 8 mg/mL. In another study, MRBS and BS were not cytotoxic to 3T3-L1 adipocytes, and the cells exposed to the mentioned sugar had 100% viability [23]. BS samples did not show any harmful impact on NIH 3T3 cell viability at the concentration of 2.5 mg/g [20]. The zebrafish embryotoxicity test was also performed to evaluate the toxicity of bioactive compounds in BS and MRBS [23]. The embryos exposed to BS and MRBS showed high viability, indicating that both forms of BS were not toxic to zebrafish embryos. LD\({}_{50}\) was not recorded because no toxic effect was noticed even at the highest concentration investigated for both sugars. In any case, the phytochemicals in MRBS, such as 4-hydroxy- benzoic acid, chlorogenic acid, protocatechuic acid and trans-Ferulic acid, within the concentration range of 5-10 mg/mL, were able to decrease the heart rate of the zebrafish embryos and showed potential cardiotoxicity compared to BS.
## 2 Materials and Methods
### Instruments  
The portable TRIDION-9 GC-TMS instrument (Torion Technologies, American Fork, UT, USA) comprises a low thermal mass (LTM) GC and a miniature toroidal ion trap mass analyzer with a disposable helium cartridge and rechargeable battery. In this study, the column was an MXT-5,5 m \(\times\) 0.1 mm i.d. capillary column chemically bonded with 5% diphenyl/95% dimethyl polysiloxane and 0.4 \(\upmu\)m film thickness. The injection port was held at 270 \({}^{\circ}\)C and split mode was used with a split ratio of 1:10. The oven temperature was programmed as follows: 50 \({}^{\circ}\)C, hold for 10 s, ramp at 2 \({}^{\circ}\)C s\({}^{-1}\) to 250 \({}^{\circ}\)C, hold for 10 s. A constant helium flow of 1.0 mL min\({}^{-1}\) was used and the total GC run time was 2 min. The transfer line and ion source temperatures were both maintained at 270 \({}^{\circ}\)C. The mass spectrometer was operated in positive ion electron ionization (EI) mode at 70 eV and mass spectra at full scan mode with the scan range from mass-to-charge ratio (_m/z_) 49 to 527 were collected starting from 0.39 min after injection.  
A Thermo Finnigan PolarisQ quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometer/Trace GC system with a Triplus AS2000 autosampler (San Francisco, CA, USA) was used for the extraction method optimization. The bench-top GC/MS system was controlled by the XCalibur software version 2.0.7 provided by Thermo. The GC separation was accomplished on a SHRXI-5 MS capillary column (5% diphenyl/95% dimethylpolysiloxane crosslinked, 30 m \(\times\) 0.25 mm id, 0.1 \(\upmu\)m film thickness) from Shimadzu Scientific Instruments (Columbia, MD, USA). The injection port was held at 270 \({}^{\circ}\)C using splitless mode. The oven temperature was programmed as follows: 40 \({}^{\circ}\)C, hold for 2 min, ramp at 40 \({}^{\circ}\)C min\({}^{-1}\) to 250 \({}^{\circ}\)C, hold for 10 min. A constant helium flow of 1.0 mL min\({}^{-1}\) was used. The transfer line and ion source temperatures were both maintained at 270 \({}^{\circ}\)C. The mass spectrometer was operated in positive ion electron ionization (EI) mode at 70 eV and mass spectra using full-scan mode with the scan range from mass-to-charge ratio (_m/z_) 40 to 400 were collected. Spectral acquisition began 0.33 min after each injection.
## 2 Related Works  
### Camera Tracking  
Single-camera tracking serves as the basis for the more advanced tracking methods currently under investigation. It involves consistently identifying a moving target within the field of view of a single camera in consecutive frames. One of the pioneering works in this area was simple online and real-time tracking (SORT), proposed by [PERSON] et al. [3], which leverages the fact that object movement between consecutive frames is typically small. The method uses a Kalman filter, introduced by [PERSON] [4], to predict the spatial locations of tracklets, and it employs the Hungarian algorithm to associate these predictions with the current frame's detections. Building on the SORT algorithm, [PERSON] et al. [5] proposed DeepSORT, which enhances tracking by using a convolutional neural network (CNN) model for re-identification (Re-ID), to extract and match appearance features. Subsequent research continued to advance the use of appearance features, as demonstrated in the works of [PERSON] et al. [6], [PERSON] et al. [7], and [PERSON] et al. [8]. Additionally, some approaches, such as those proposed by [PERSON] et al. [9], [PERSON] et al. [10], and [PERSON] et al. [11], have framed data association as a graph optimization problem. Multi-camera tracking (MCT) is a crucial area  
Figure 1: A high-level diagram of the TEDDY framework: The target is represented as a person, and three edges are shown. Both the type of target and the number of edges can vary.  
of research focused on monitoring targets across multiple camera views, as explored by [PERSON] et al. [12]. Compared to single-camera tracking, which primarily aims to maintain the identity of a target within the field of view of a single camera, MCT poses additional challenges. These include managing varying camera viewpoints, addressing occlusions, synchronizing multiple camera feeds, and associating targets across non-overlapping camera views. Due to these varying viewpoints, complex Re-ID models are required to maintain target identity across different camera views, and the spatial relationships between multiple cameras must be carefully defined. Most of the recent research on multi-camera target tracking employs a two-step framework. First, single-camera tracking (SCT) is performed, followed by inter-camera tracking (ICT) using the information gathered from SCT. ICT approaches typically estimate entry-exit points between cameras, as demonstrated by [PERSON] et al. [13] and [PERSON] et al. [14], and they predict the future trajectory of the target, as explored by [PERSON] et al. [15] and [PERSON] et al. [16]. Additionally, Re-ID methods are used to re-identify the target across different cameras [17; 18; 19]. Graph-based approaches are also widely used to perform ICT [20; 21; 22; 23; 24; 25]. [PERSON] et al. [14] leveraged spatiotemporal contextual information for tracking, while [PERSON] et al. [26; 27] introduced clique-based approaches to enhance tracking performance.
## 4 Thermodynamic Data of the Surface Complexation Model and Case Study  
### Evaluation of the Thermodynamic Data for the Surface Complexation  
The thermodynamic data of SCM can be used by geochemical and reactive transport models to evaluate and compare the composition and concentration of radionuclides in water and minerals in geochemical reactions in various hydrogeochemical environments. [PERSON] et al. [51] proposed a surface complexation model to simulate radionuclide adsorption in natural systems. They indicated that the results of experimental methods, such as distribution coefficients (Kd) and isothermal equations, are valid only under experimental measurement conditions, and that the application of such results to other conditions and systems may be problematic. Additionally, they studied the diffuse double-layer model to describe the adsorption of radionuclides by igneous minerals. They reported  
Figure 5: Comparion of the total dissolved concentration of Pu(OH)\({}_{4(8)}\) in relation to the pH, as calculated using the data of solutions No.13, 14, 15, 16, 17 and 18.  
Figure 6: Total dissolved concentrations of the solid compounds Th(OH)\({}_{4}\), Np(OH)\({}_{4}\) and Pu(OH)\({}_{4}\) in the potential radioactive waste disposal sites.  
that surface complexation adsorption, the development of a conceptual model, and the use of a prediction model constitute a feasible method for the scenario analysis of the safety assessment of geochemical reactions in radioactive waste environments. This method can be used under the environmental conditions of disposal sites (varying pH, Eh, and ionic composition of the surrounding water). Surface complexation models can provide reliable results for safety assessments in radioactive waste disposal.  
The Nuclear Energy Agency of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development has regularly discussed and studied geochemical reactions concerning the surface complexation adsorption of nuclides. The agency has executed such discussions and studies in collaboration with research organizations such as ANDRA and IPSN, France; BNFL and NIREX, the United Kingdom; ENRESA, Spain; KAERI, Korea; NAGRA, Switzerland; ONDRAF/NIRAS, Belgium; JNC, Japan; POSIVA, Finland; PSI, Switzerland; SKB and SKI, Sweden; and RAWRA, Czech Republic. The Kd value of such reactions is estimated and used in the safety and performance assessment of radioactive waste disposal sites [52].
## 2 System Model  
We consider a downlink MISO aided PDMA network as shown in Figure 1, in which the base station (BS) is equipped with multiple antennas to serve two PDMA users. There are conventional cellular users (CUE) in this model, such CUE devices are able to receive signal under coverage of this BS, but this paper focuses on more complex operations of D2D users. It is assumed that interference from CUE to D2D users is smaller than self-interference at each D2D user. In this case, two PDMA users (\(D_{1},D_{2}\)) operate in full-duplex (FD) mode and they can communicate directly without helping of the BS as underlay topology. Two PDMA users are able to communicate directly on channel \(h_{i}\), \(i=1,2\). It is noted that \(g_{i,k}\) denotes the channel gain between the BS and user \(D_{i},i=1,2\), the BS has \(k\), \((k=1,2,...K)\) antennas. Further, in this scenario PDMA users are double-antenna devices and operate in a FD mode, except for the BS equipped multiple antenna. The direct links between the source node and the users are assumed available, which is common in the scenarios where two PDMA users acquire device to device transmission in reliable coverage of such BS. We assume that all users are clustered very close such that a homogeneous network topology is considered in our paper. The channels associated with each link exhibit the Rayleigh fading and additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN).  
In first phase, the BS sends signal \(x=\sqrt{a_{1}P_{S}}x_{1}+\sqrt{a_{2}P_{S}}x_{2}\) to \(D_{1}\) and \(D_{2}\) according to direct transmissions. Here, \(P_{S}\) is the transmitted power of the BS, \(x_{1}\) (\(x_{2}\)) is the signal of \(D_{1}\) (\(D_{2}\)), and \(a_{1}\), \(a_{2}\) is the power allocation coefficient with \(a_{1}+a_{2}=1,a_{1}>a_{2}\).
# Research on Phase Stabilization Algorithm of Femtosecond Timing System
## 4 System Algorithm Design  
The host PC retrieves real-time phase information of the high-frequency signal through the EPICS software framework and develops a collaborative control program in the MATLAB (2021b) environment to implement an automatic control algorithm.  
In this system, the optical delay line is responsible for coarse adjustments of larger delays in the range of hundreds of picoseconds. However, due to the limited adjustment precision of the optical delay line, we introduced a fiber stretcher for fine-tuning small delays within the femtosecond range, achieving a tuning accuracy of 1 femtosecond.  
To ensure the coordinated operation of the two devices, an optimized algorithm process must be designed to effectively coordinate the interaction between the optical delay line and the fiber stretcher. Additionally, a set of automatic control algorithms needs to be developed to achieve precise automated adjustments of the delay, thereby meeting the high-precision delay control objectives of the system.
# Moving Ad Hoc Networks--A Comparative Study
## 6 Comparison of MANET, VANET, FANET, and SANET (MVFS)
Regarding the topology change, MANET topology changes the very least, VANET topology is fast, SANET topology causes a medium amount of alterations, and FANET topology alters rapidly and faster than other MVFS ad hoc networks [79]. The node mobility is the most different among MVFS ad hoc networks; the MANET is slow compared to the other MVFS ad hoc networks 15. In FANET, the node mobility is very high compared to MANET, VANET and SANET. However, the UAV speed is 30-460 km/h [80]. MANET nodes move on specific land, FANET nodes fly in the sky, and VANET nodes move the city, highway, and rural areas [81; 82; 83; 84]. Regarding node density, FANET node density is very low compared with the MANET, VANET, and SANET, where the distance between UAVs can be several millimeters [85; 86; 87; 88]. Typically, in the radio propagation nodes, MANET, VANET, and SANET are close to the ground and often have no line of sight among the source and the destination. However, in FANET, the nodes are typically far from the ground, and in most cases, there is a line of sight among the UAVs. Regarding localization, exact geographical localization [89] is at the essence of mobile and mutual ad hoc networks [90]. However, the existing localization methods are contained proximity, beacons, and global position systems (GPS) [91]. In MANET, the GPS is used to obtain mobile communication coordinates. In VANET, by using some kinds of ground-based reference stations for zone rectification with 10 cm accuracy, several investigators utilize Differential GPS (DGPS) or Assisted GPS (AGPS) [92; 93]. In FANET, the GPS can provide information within one second, but it may not be enough to conform to the FANET protocols. However, Every UAV/Drone should be equipped with an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU), GPS, AGPS, and DGPS to show at any time the position of other UAVs. SANET provides higher accuracy by improving a basic GPS signal called Differential GPS (DGPS), which improves the safety for ship operations in its coverage areas. Many countries use DGPS for sweeping, buoy positioning, and dredging. This enhancement is to improve port navigation [94].
## 2 Materials and Methods
### Proposed Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) Algorithm  
Entropy is a concept of complexity, and manually classifying it is difficult. In this study, an ANN was applied to quantify entropy. The study developed an SHM system based on RCMCSE and a BPN. First, structural responses under ambient vibrations were recorded by sensors that collected velocity data. A numerical model was established to generate different damage cases as the training database for the BPN. Next, RCMCSE was applied to extract damage features, and the BPN was used to express entropy values. Finally, new test data were automatically classified by the system; thus, the structural situation could be clearly identified.
# A New Life Prediction Scheme for Mechanical System with Considering the Mission Profile Switching
## 1 Introduction
Although the above method can consider the switching problem of mission profile in the prediction process, the switched mission profile is composed of constant operating conditions. The above method cannot yet solve the problem in which the mission profile is composed of variable operating conditions. But the mission profile with variable operating conditions is the most frequently encountered state of mechanical systems. Motivated by the abovementioned problems, this paper proposes a new life prediction scheme for the mechanical system with considering the mission profile switching in the prediction process. First, the prediction trend and the lifecycle of each constant operating condition of the similarity reference samples are used to construct the reference degradation models. Then, the predicted life of each operating condition of the sample to be predicted is obtained according to STM. Finally, according to the proportion of each operating condition in the specific mission profile, the life of the sample to be predicted under specific mission profile is calculated through weighted aggregating the life of each constant operating condition of the sample to be predicted. In order to solve the switching of the mission profile with variable operating conditions, in the method, two main improvements on the base of the STM are proposed:  
1. For the lifecycle degradation curves collected under variable operating conditions (several single operating conditions are included) in the training dataset, predict each life-cycle degradation curve under constant operating conditions (for each single operating condition, predict a degradation curve) using the relevance vector machine (RVM). 2. Calculate the proportions of each single operating condition in the mission profile, then predict the life of the samples to be predicted through weighted aggregating the life of the constant operating conditions. The rest of this paper is organized as follows. Section 2 describes the problem to be addressed in detail. In Section 3, the proposed method is introduced in detail. The process and analysis of the proposed method are explained in Section 4 to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. Finally, the conclusion is drawn in Section 5.
## 1 Introduction
Here, portability allows the same solution to be realized on new or multiple platforms, while interoperability creates systems that can easily integrate and communicate with other systems and use a variety of resource applications, and reusability builds solutions that can be reused in many different applications in different contexts [56]. [PERSON] et al. [58] investigated MDA applications by conducting a systematic mapping of MDA literature in software engineering between 2008 and 2018. Actually, the principle of MDA can be used within the unified architecture framework (UAF) [59] to strengthen the interoperability of a system. In many commercial applications, real-time SysML/UML has been combined with the above model-based methods for systems engineering [57; 60; 61; 62; 63; 64; 65; 66; 67]. Hence, the MBSE approach and the features of MDA can be used in combination with real-time UML [68; 69; 70; 71] and SysML (for example, real-time UML/SysML) to describe, in detail, the artefacts of the developed system. On the basis of the above-assessed points, this work focuses on the construction of a hybrid control model based on the MBSE methodology, in combination with the MDA concept, real-time UML/SysML, and HA, permitting us to intensively realize an AUV controller. The control artefacts designed can be customized and reused for deployment on various AUV platforms. In this study, the dynamic models of AUV for control were combined with the specialization of MDA features, composed of the platform-specific model (PSM), platform-independent model (PIM), and computation-independent model (CIM). Lastly, a planar trajectory-tracking controller for a miniature torpedo-shaped autonomous underwater vehicle running on a free surface was deployed and evaluated through simulation experiments. The three main contributions of this research are as follows:  
1. The MBSE methodology, together with MDA components, was adapted for usability in the lifecycle development of AUV controllers. 2. The designed control capsules are customizable and reusable for many kinds of AUVs. 3. A planar trajectory-tracking controller of a miniature AUV running on the free surface was developed and evaluated through simulation experiments. This manuscript is structured as follows. Section 2 presents the adapted dynamics and control structure of AUVs, while Section 3 proposes the details of MBSE-driven development aimed at intensively realizing AUV controllers, consisting of the CIM, PIM, and PSM components. A case study on application of the specialized model is discussed in Section 4, followed by the paper's conclusions and future prospects.