## 3 Background
Well-developed interfaces foster self-sufficiency, help reduce barriers, and facilitate improved digital interactions that enhance protection and accessibility for all users. In the context of digital bureaucracy, particularly for elderly or persons with disabilities, optimized interfaces are crucial to make sure that the access to information is offered to everyone. Cybersecurity is a critical concern for administrative institutions due to their responsibility for managing sensitive data [39]. Among the data contained in bureaucratic and government databases, the most sought-after ones by cyber attackers are the ones containing the personal, economic, and medical information of the citizens. The failure to satisfy protection requirements can lead to identity theft, economic loss, and the erosion of confidence and trust in public institutions. Within the proposed solution, both cybersecurity and accessibility are integral from the earliest stages of design and development. Rather than a strictly sequential priority (\"accessibility first, then security\" or vice versa), HSALA advocates a parallel, integrated approach in which the following is fulfilled:  
* Security is treated as a baseline concern (e.g., ensuring user data are protected and adopting secure coding practices from the initial architecture planning). * Accessibility is also treated as a foundational requirement, ensuring that UI components and workflows are inclusive from inception. This \"security by design\" and \"accessibility by design\" philosophy means that each functional layer includes security provisions and accessibility from the start. There is no absolute hierarchical order--the two coexist simultaneously, as neglecting either would result in an application that is either insecure or exclusive. This implies a deep understanding of the needs of users with disabilities and the integration of such needs into each design decision to ensure that accessibility is treated not as an afterthought, but as a core element. In the process, security should also form part of the design concept and process, as well as threat modeling to detect possible security risks early in design. Thus, a two-way priority, both on accessibility and the maintenance of element security integrity, makes sure that accessibility features are robust without causing vulnerabilities. Accessible coding practices encompass the use of semantic HTML to organize content effectively, thereby facilitating accurate interpretation by assistive technologies. Where dynamic content is required, WAI-ARIA properties and roles can be utilized to enhance content accessibility and optimize the experience for users who rely on assistive technologies. There are four principles that ensure a web page is clear, organized, and professional: alignment, proximity, repetition, and contrast [40]. Additionally, the choice of colors in UX and UI concepts plays a crucial role:  
1. Alignment: * UX/UI: ensures that all elements are arranged coherently, creating a clean and professional layout. * Cybersecurity: the proper alignment of security elements, such as login buttons and notifications, helps users understand security measures more easily [41]. Proximity: * UX/UI: elements that are similar or related to each other should be grouped together to improve visual organization. * Cybersecurity: grouping security options (e.g., privacy and authentication) in the same section makes it easier for users to manage security settings [42]. * UX/UI: consistent use of styles and visuals to create unity and coherence. * Cybersecurity: repeating security messages and notifications helps reinforce safe behaviors and educate users on good security practices [41]. * UX/UI: using contrast to highlight important elements and guide the user's attention. * Cybersecurity: using contrast to highlight security warnings and critical messages helps to draw users' attention to potential risks and necessary actions [42].