## 3 Results and Discussion  
### Identification of Metabolites by LC/Q-TOF/HRMS Analysis  
The extract was analyzed under positive and negative ionization modes for complementary information. Tentatively identified metabolites of the hydroalcoholic extract of _S. aspera_ leaves and stems are summarized in Table 1, along with their retention time (tR), molecular formula, \(m/z\) ratio, UVmax, mass error (ppm) and ms/ms product ions in the MS(+) and MS(\(-\)) scan, respectively. The fragmentation process is described in detail in the supporting supplementary material (part I). Low energy CID MS/MS spectra and suggested fragmentation patterns of compounds at the positive and negative ionization modes are also presented as supplementary material (part II). \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{3}{*}{ \begin{tabular}{c} **Peak** \\ **Number** \\ \end{tabular}  } & \multirow{3}{*}{ \begin{tabular}{c} **Uv** \\ **Max** \\ \end{tabular}  } & \multirow{3}{*}{ \begin{tabular}{c} **Identification** \\ **Formula** \\ \end{tabular}  } & \multicolumn{3}{c}{ \begin{tabular}{c} **Molecular** \\ **Mass** \\ \end{tabular}  } & \multicolumn{3}{c}{ \begin{tabular}{c} **Mass** \\ **Error** \\ **(Am)** \\ \end{tabular}  } & \multicolumn{3}{c}{ \begin{tabular}{c} **[M + H+** \\ **(m/2)** \\ \end{tabular}  } & \multirow{3}{*}{\ \begin{tabular}{c} **ls** \\ **Max** \\ \end{tabular}  } & \multicolumn{3}{c}{ \begin{tabular}{c} **SES1 (-)** \\ \end{tabular}  } \\ \cline{3-14}  & & & & & & & & & & & & **Mass** \\ \cline{1-1}
1* & 280 & Catechin & C\({}_{18}\)H\({}_{40}\)O\({}_{6}\) & 291.0860 & \(-\)1.03 & 139.0387; & 2.07 & 289.0710 & \(-\)2.77 & 151.0339; \\  & & & & & & & & & & 109.0292 \\ \hline
2 & 325 & Chlorogenic acid & C\({}_{16}\)H\({}_{40}\)O\({}_{6}\) & 355.1025 & 0.28 & 163.0389; & 2.33 & 353.0872 & \(-\)1.70 & 191.0557; \\  & & & & & & & & & 173.0485 \\ \hline
3 & 320 & Caffeoylshikamic acid & C\({}_{18}\)H\({}_{40}\)O\({}_{6}\) & 337.0919 & 0.30 & 163.0389; & 3.72 & 335.0769 & \(-\)0.84 & 291.0880; \\  & & & & & & & & & 173.0332 \\ \hline
4 & 210 & Cincinnati & C\({}_{99}\)H\({}_{52}\)O\({}_{15}\) & 741.1813 & \(-\)0.13 & 289.0706; & 5.43 & 739.1672 & 0.54 & \( \begin{array}{c}\frac{49.0852}{339.0510};\\ 177.0177}\end{array} \) & \multirow{3}{*}{ \begin{tabular}{c} 4.78 \\ \end{tabular}  } \\ \cline{3-14}  & & & & & & & & & & & \\ \cline{1-1}
5 & 320 & Isoschafroside & C\({}_{28}\)H\({}_{52}\)O\({}_{14}\) & 565.1543 & \(-\)1.59 & 435.0881; & 5.75 & \multirow{3}{*}{\ \begin{tabular}{c} n.d. \\ 427.0980; \\ 391.0800; \\ \end{tabular}  } & \multicolumn{3}{c}{ \begin{tabular}{c} **300.0268** \\ **5.97** \\ \end{tabular}  } \\ \cline{3-14}
6* & 357 & Rutin & C\({}_{27}\)H\({}_{30}\)O\({}_{16}\) & 611.1604 & \(-\)0.33 & 303.0499 & 5.87 & 609.1453 & \(-\)1.51 & 271.0421; \\ \hline
7 & 260 & Quercetin hexoside & C\({}_{21}\)H\({}_{20}\)O\({}_{12}\) & 465.1025 & \(-\)0.43 & \begin{tabular}{c} 303.0489; \\ 165.0536 \\ \end{tabular}  & 6.30 & 463.0871 & \(-\)1.51 & 271.0420 & 6.45 \\ \hline
8 & 267 & \begin{tabular}{c} Kaempfer \\ hexoside-pentoside \\ \end{tabular}  & C\({}_{27}\)H\({}_{30}\)O\({}_{15}\) & 595.1658 & 0.17 & \ \begin{tabular}{c} 287.0552; \\ 269.0918; \\ 241.0437 \\ \end{tabular}  & 6.99 & 593.1509 & \(-\)0.50 & \begin{tabular}{c} 285.0388; \\ 255.0288; \\ 227.0343 \\ \end{tabular}  & 7.06 \\ \hline
9* & 220 & Luteloin hexoside & C\({}_{21}\)H\({}_{30}\)O\({}_{14}\) & 489.1077 & \(-\)0.22 & \ \begin{tabular}{c} 287.0550; \\ 137.0229 \\ \end{tabular}  & 7.07 & 447.0922 & \(-\)2.46 & \begin{tabular}{c} 243.0292; \\ 217.062; \\ 151.0031 \\ \end{tabular}  & 7.12 \\ \hline
10 & 220 & Querctrin & C\({}_{21}\)H\({}_{20}\)O\({}_{11}\) & 489.1077 & \(-\)0.22 & \ \begin{tabular}{c} 303.0491; \\ 165.0576 \\ \end{tabular}  & 7.07 & 447.09292 & \(-\)2.46 & \begin{tabular}{c} 301.0303; \\ 137.0278 \\ \end{tabular}  & 7.12 \\ \hline
11 & 280 & \begin{tabular}{c} Isohammetin \\ hexoside-pentoside \\ \end{tabular}  & C\({}_{28}\)H\({}_{30}\)O\({}_{16}\) & 625.1761 & \(-\)0.32 & \