## 5 Conclusions  
The present work provides a description of a low-profile two-port MIMO antenna constructed using DGS. The paper introduces an antenna consisting of a single element. The integration of a single antenna into a two-port multiple input multiple output (MIMO) configuration enhances its performance, and a comprehensive analysis of its performance characteristics is conducted. A rectangular defect in the ground plane is also integrated into it to increase the antenna's performance. As a result, 8.37 dB improvement in the isolation between the two antenna elements is achieved. When compared to comparable research documented in the existing body of literature, the MIMO DGS antenna under evaluation stands out due to its wide bandwidth, good isolation, minimum ECC, compact design, and cost-effectiveness. As a result, this antenna design demonstrates promising characteristics that make it a feasible option for use in the millimeter-wave 5G range's m258 band, X band, and Ku band. **Author Contributions:** Conceptualization, N.B., P.K.M. and S.D. ; methodology, N.B., T.I. and S.A.; software, N.B., S.D. and P.K.M. ; validation, M.A. and T.I; formal analysis, N.B., S.D. and S.A.; investigation, T.I. and S.A.; resources, M.A. ; data curation, N.B., P.K.M. and S.A.; writing--original draft preparation, N.B., S.D. and P.K.M. ; writing--review and editing, T.I., M.A. and S.A.; visualization, S.D., P.K.M. and T.I. ; supervision, P.K.M. and S.D. ; project administration, M.A. ; funding acquisition, M.A. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. **Funding:** The Deputyship for Research and Innovation, Ministry of Education, Saudi Arabia (Grant Number: IFKSUOR3-315-3). \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Ref**} & \multirow{2}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} **Bandwidth** \\ **(MHz)** \\ \end{tabular} } & \multirow{2}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} **No. of** \\ **Port** \\ \end{tabular} } & \multirow{2}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} **No. of** \\ **Band** \\ \end{tabular} } & \multirow{2}{*}{\
\begin{tabular}{c} **Element** \\ **Spacing** \\ **(mm)** \\ \end{tabular} } & \multirow{2}{*}{**Isolation**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**ECC**} & \multirow{2}{*}{
\begin{tabular}{c} **Diversity** \\ **Gain** \\ \end{tabular} } & \multirow{2}{*}{**Range**} \\ \hline
[9] & 400, 400, & & & & & \(-32.3\), \(-35.4\), & & Sub 6 GHz and \\  & 11,000 & & & & \(-27.23\), \(-28.44\) & & & mm Range (5G) \\ \hline
[13] & 1069, 1430 & 2 & 2 & 10.13 & \(-27\) & \(<\)0.0020 & \(\cdot\cdot\cdot\) & mm Range (5G) \\ \hline
[15] & 6400 & 2 & 1 & - & \(-35.8\) & \(<\)0.005 & \(>\)9.99 & mm Range (5G) \\ \hline
[16] & 7900 & 2 & 1 & - & \(<\)\(-18\) & \(<\)0.01 & \(>\)9.96 &
\begin{tabular}{c} C Band and \\ X Band \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline
[17] & \(1900,5500\) & 2 & 2 & 4.3 & \(<\)\(-34\), \(<\)\(-22.2\) &
\begin{tabular}{c} \(<\)0.0001, \\ \(<\)0.0002 \\ \end{tabular} & \(>\)9.99 & mm Range (5G) \\ \hline
[18] & 8700 & 2 & 1 & - & \(<\)\(-30\) & \(<\)0.05 & \(>\)9.99 & mm Range (5G) \\ \hline
[21] & 500, 1800, & & 4 & 4 & 10 & — & \(<\)0.06 & \(>\)9.99 & mm Range (5G) \\ \hline
[22] & 1000 & 2 & 1 & 6 & \(<\)\(-25\) & \(<\)0.002 & \(\cdot\cdot\cdot\) & mm Range (5G) \\ \hline
[25] & 821, 1630 & 2 & 2 & 8.8 & \(<\)\(-16\) & \
\begin{tabular}{c} 0.0002, \\ 0.005 \\ \end{tabular} & \(>\)9.98 &
\begin{tabular}{c} Sub 6 GHz and \\ mm Range (5G) \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline
[26] & 6000 & 2 & 1 & 3 & \(<\)\(-24\) & \(<\)0.0013 & \(>\)9.99 & mm Range (5G) \\ \hline
[28] & 200, 600, 1000 & 2 & 3 & 3.3 & \(>\)15 & \(<\)0.04 & \(>\)9.5 & Sub 6 GHz (5G) \\ \hline
\begin{tabular}{c} \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 8: MIMO antenna comparison with other prior work. Data Availability Statement: The data presented in this research are available on request from the corresponding author. The authors extend their appreciation to the Deputyship for Research & Innovation, Ministry of Education in Saudi Arabia for funding this research work through the project no. (IFKSUOR3-315-3).