## 7 Conclusions  
This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the future digitalization of MGs that are a promising solution for ensuring reliable, secure, and sustainable energy supply to both urban and rural communities. The paper presented the background and design of MGs, as well as their control, management, and optimization techniques. Moreover, the paper discussed the various digital technologies that are transforming the way MGs are designed, operated, and managed. These technologies have the potential to revolutionize the way MGs operate and improve their efficiency, reliability, and sustainability. However, the paper also highlighted the various challenges and barriers that hinder the digitalization of MGs. These challenges must be addressed to fully realize the potential benefits of digitalization in MGs. Furthermore, the paper emphasized the importance of cybersecurity in MGs. The increasing dependence on digital technologies has made MGs vulnerable to various cyberattacks, and, thus, cybersecurity strategies must be implemented. In conclusion, this paper provides a comprehensive overview of the future digitalization of MGs and yields several significant outcomes as follows:  
Overview of future digitalization: The paper presented an in-depth understanding of the role of digitalization in MGs, showcasing their potential as a reliable, secure, and sustainable energy supply solution for urban and rural communities. The outcomes emphasize the importance of adopting digital technologies in transforming the design, operation, and management of MGs. Analysis of digital technologies: The paper explored various digital technologies reshaping MGs, including distributed energy resources management systems, microgrid energy management systems, Internet of Things (IoT), big data analytics, blockchain technology, artificial intelligence (AI), digital twin technology, cloud computing, and augmented reality. These outcomes highlight how these technologies can revolutionize MG operations, enhancing their efficiency, reliability, and sustainability. Identification of challenges and barriers: The paper shed light on the challenges and barriers hindering the digitalization of MGs. These include technical complexity, high implementation costs, regulatory barriers, data privacy and security concerns, lack of standardization, interoperability issues, limited technical expertise, and integration with the main grid. The outcomes underscore the importance of addressing these obstacles to fully harness the benefits of digitalization in MGs. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**Barrier/Challenge** & **Description** & **Possible Solution** \\ \hline Technical complexity & Integration of multiple technologies can pose a challenge & Provide training and support to enhance technical expertise \\ \hline High implementation costs & Upfront investment in infrastructure and systems & Utilize cost-effective technologies and financing options \\ \hline Regulatory barriers & Navigating complex regulatory frameworks & Work with regulatory bodies to establish clear guidelines \\ \hline Data privacy and security & Ensuring protection of sensitive data & Invest in advanced cybersecurity measures \\ \hline Lack of standardization & Lack of standardization in digitalization technologies & Develop common standards for hardware and software systems \\ \hline Interoperability issues & Limited interoperability of different systems & Establish a common communication protocol and interface \\ \hline Limited technical expertise & Shortage of skilled professionals in microgrid digitalization & Invest in education and training programs to develop expertise \\ \hline Integration with the main grid & Complex control algorithms to ensure stability and reliability & Develop sophisticated control algorithms to ensure integration \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 10: Main barriers and challenges to the digitalization of MGs.