# GeoSAE: A 3D Stratographic Modeling Method Driven by Geological Constraint
## 3 Experimental Verification and Results
### Data Preparation and Analysis  
Haikou Jiangdong new district is situated in the northeastern region of Hainan Island, with coordinates ranging from 110\({}^{\circ}\)22\({}^{\prime}\) to 110\({}^{\circ}\)38\({}^{\prime}\) east longitude and 19\({}^{\circ}\)53\({}^{\prime}\) to 20\({}^{\circ}\)04\({}^{\prime}\) north latitude. The study area extends from Wenchang city to Nandujiang river in the east-west direction, covering approximately 298 square kilometers, and reaches from Yunlong town to Qiongzhou strait in the north-south direction. The study area covers about 298 square kilometers, extending east-west from Wenchang city to the Nandu river, and north-south from Yunlong town to the Qiongzhou strait. The area features diverse and complex landforms, which can be classified into volcanic, fluvial, and marine types based on their origin. Volcanic landforms are primarily found in the south-central region of Jiangdong new district and near Yanfeng town. Fluvial landforms are concentrated in the southwestern part of Lingshan town, while marine landforms are widespread in the northern Guilin Yang area [36; 37]. The regional stratigraphy of the study area is characterized by Carboniferous to Permian gneiss and mixed rocks as the underlying bedrock. Overlying these, from oldest to youngest, are the Miocene Dengloujiao Formation, Pliocene Haikou Formation, Pleistocene Xiuying Formation, Beihai Formation, Duowen Formation, and Holocene formations such as the Qiongshan and Yandun Formations. Additionally, there are broken alluvial deposits (Qh). These strata are distributed within a depth of approximately 100 m [38; 39]. Due to differences in their formation periods and depositional environments, these strata exhibit significant variations in their engineering geological properties. Therefore, the stratigraphic contact relationships must be organized based on actual field investigation and drilling data from the Jiangdong new district, as outlined in Table 2.  
The method presented in this paper primarily focuses on simulation modeling of unconformities. In the study area, boreholes primarily represent Quaternary and Neoproterozoic strata, with some areas exhibiting missing or sparse stratigraphic data. To minimize the impact of sparse borehole distribution and other data quality issues on method validation, the borehole data were cleaned and supplemented, and virtual boreholes were added. This process resulted in the creation of the geological dataset used for the experiments. A total of 517 boreholes from the Jiangdong new district of Haikou city were included, with the specific borehole distribution and modeling area shown in Figure 9.  
The stratigraphic column derived from the stratigraphic contact relationships is shown in Figure 10, and the corresponding potential fields, constructed based on the stratigraphic sequence relationships for each surface, are detailed in Table 3. For the unintegrated surfaces, a separate potential field is constructed for each prediction. Observations indicate that there is no continuous, integrated stratigraphic surface. Consequently, individual potential fields are constructed for each stratigraphic surface, with no overlying relationships considered. The data from 517 boreholes were discretized to obtain stratigraphic surface sampling points. Each sampling point consists of the x and y coordinates of each borehole, the top surface of each stratigraphic layer, and the corresponding stratigraphic surface code. After discretization, a total of 3619 stratigraphic surface sampling points were generated for model training. The distribution of these points is detailed in Figure 11.