## 1 Introduction  
As technology develops by leaps and bounds, the Fourth Industrial Revolution has been witnessed by the industry world [1; 2; 3]. Latency and stability in the Industry Internet of Things (IIoT) are the focus of new challenges [4; 5]. With the formal determination of the 5G-Advanced evolution route in 2022, the global development of fifth-generation (5G) technologies and standards will enter a new historical stage, beginning with Rel-18 [6]. Due to the continuous improvement of modern technology, higher requirements are put forward for the latency and reliability of devices. It is required that the reliability of ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC) service quality in the future's Internet of Things (IoT) should reach 99.99999%, and the latency should simultaneously be approaching 0.1 ms according to the nearest 6G requirements [7; 8; 9]. Up to now, uplink (UL) traffic has been the dominant form of asymmetrical network in today's communication landscape, which has been driven by the increasing demand for IIoT applications. These applications often involve data collection, remote sensing [10], and control of various devices in industrial settings. To promote URLLC in IIoT scenarios of remote sensing, the 3 rd Generation Partnership Project (3 GPP) foresaw a variety of features for IIoT applications [11], such as smart cities, smart transportation, smart grids, and smart health services [12]. Specific examples include wireless sensors [13], unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) [14], intelligent transportation systems [15], robots, automated guided vehicles (AGVs), and wearables. These applications have the demands of reducing latency, improving reliability, and extending the lifetime of the whole system [16]. However, for many application scenarios, when the performance is rigorous on the latency, the properties of energy consumption, spectrum efficiency, throughput, and so on will barely be satisfactory. Furthermore, the expense of IoT devices should be lowered in some scenarios. Compared with regular NR devices, reduced capability (RedCap) NR devices have lower costs and complexity, a smaller form factor, and longer battery life [17]. However, the simplifications in radio frequency and baseband capabilities of the equipment have led to an extremely large reduction in coverage area [18]. The demands for downlink (DL) services in traditional communication systems have created a thriving mobile internet industry economy. However, with the acceleration of digital transformation across industries and the widespread application of artificial intelligence technology, such as machine vision in IIoT, the demand for UL traffic has gradually exploded [19]. In the 5G-Advanced stage, UL MIMO will be further enhanced. Higher-order modulation modes, advanced beam management mechanisms, and spectrum aggregation technologies will be crucial to increasing the uplink rate. Additionally, multiple user equipment (UE) aggregation technologies or multiple cooperation node schemes provide other possibilities for continuous performance enhancement [20]. At the same time, transmission reliability can be improved through a UE aggregation mechanism [21; 22]. A novel adaptive UE aggregation (AUA)-based transmission scheme design for a hybrid network with multi-connectivity is proposed in this paper. The main contributions are as follows:  
* The performance of UE aggregation-based transmission is evaluated to support URLLC service. The proposed scheme aims to enhance the reliability of a single piece of UE that utilizes multi-connectivity through the exploration of diversity gain and power boosting techniques. By leveraging this scheme, the system seeks to bolster the UE's performance, ensuring a more robust and dependable connection. The detailed procedure of the proposed scheme is given in this paper. * A dynamic aggregation strategy for joint latency and energy consumption optimization is proposed by introducing two proportional coefficients: \(\alpha\) and \(\beta\).