## 1 Introduction  
The principal requirement for cardiovascular implanted materials is biocompatibility, and a genuinely biocompatible cardiovascular implanted material should perform its functions with good anti-coagulation, anti-hyperplasia and anti-inflammation abilities, simultaneously [1,2]. A cardiovascular implanted device, such as a stent, with excellent biocompatibility, will contribute better clinical efficacy to cardiovascular disease and its complications [3,4]. Restenosis and thrombosis are the major complications for stent implantation [5,6]. Thrombosis is mainly due to fibrinogen activation and denaturation, causing a series of subsequent reactions (e.g., activation of platelets and envelope of red blood cell) after implantation [7]. Restenosis is caused by the proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in the vessel wall in response to acute vessel wall injury induced by angioplasty [8]. The application of drug-eluting stent (DES) systems has revolutionized coronary intervention therapy benefiting from their ability to dramatically reduce the possibility of in-stent restenosis through blunting VSMC proliferation [9,10]. However, the results from certain recent meta analyses indicate that drug-eluting coatings result in the subsequent serious complication of late angiographic stent thrombosis (LAST), suggesting insufficient function in inhibiting the excessive proliferation and migration of the VSMCs [11,12]. So, enhancing the function of inhibiting VSMCs becomes a problem which urgently needs to be resolved for the cardiovascular stent. Lots of clinical cases have proved that inflammation and bacterial infections also should be considered during vascular stent implantation [13,14]. Compelling evidence for the importance of inflammation and atherosclerosis at both the basic and clinical level has evolved in parallel. Inflammation involved in the various stages of atherosclerosis--from initiation, through progression, and ultimately, the thrombotic complications of atherosclerosis [15,16]. Moreover, a certain therapeutic has been shown to reduce coronary heart disease and limit the inflammation treatment [17]. In addition, bacterial composition on the implant materials may cause of peri-implantitis, which will influence the success and survival rates of implant materials [18,19]. Therefore, antibacterial efficacy must be considered during medical devices' implantation. Titanium dioxide (TiO\({}_{2}\)) has been widely used in terms of electronics, optics and medicine for its unique optical, electrical and chemical properties [20]. In recent years, TiO\({}_{2}\) has attracted wide attention for its potential application in cardiovascular implanted biomaterials [21,22]. Several studies have demonstrated that the TiO\({}_{2}\) film possesses excellent blood compatibility and cell compatibility while its anti-hyperplasia and anti-inflammation functions need further improvement [23,24]. In the meantime, the applications of TiO\({}_{2}\) films doped by nanostructures in antibacterial purposes, cell growth and differentiation have been recently reported [25,26,27]. The physiological vascular endothelial layer inspired surface functionalization provides a good choice to solve this problem. Nitric oxide (NO) produced by healthy endothelial tissue is the most important functional molecules on anti-hyperplasia and anti-inflammation of the cardiovascular system [28,29]. Furthermore, lots of researches have proved that NO donating materials surfaces can significantly improve their functions of anti-coagulant, anti-hyperplasia, preventing microbial growth [30] and enhancing wound healing [31,32,33]. In order to overcome the storage limitation of NO donating materials surfaces, a potentially NO generating material would be used to enhance the biocompatibility of the implanted devices. It is well known that Cu(II)/Cu(I) ions can catalytically decomposes endogenous S-nitrosothiols (RSNO) to release NO _in vivo_[34,35,36,37,38].