# A Helping Hand to the Elderly: Securing Their Freedom through the HAIE Framework
## 3 Proposed HAIE Framework
### Integrating the Cloud with the IoT-Based HAIE Framework  
The resource-constrained architecture of sensors is insufficient for processing and storing data at the local computation unit. To overcome this limitation, integrating the cloud with IoT devices provides access to unlimited resources through a pay-as-you-go model. This integration facilitates the harmonization of heterogeneous devices, protocols, and cross-platform technologies. This is possible by providing limitless processing and storage resources through cloud infrastructures, enabling high computational processes for modern smart home applications. Due to several factors, some appliance and device manufacturers are opting to create exclusive platforms for smart homes that align with their preferences. These platforms often offer their own product and service interfaces, resulting in the implementation of multiple communication standards and protocols within each solution. As a result, the key problems lie in linking diverse devices and services offered by many manufacturers and ensuring smooth interactions across the available platforms [32]. Figure 5: Proposed HAIE model. This cloud integration enables coordination with a broad range of intelligent home applications. The public cloud platform, such as AWS IoT, helps address compatibility issues among various smart devices launched by different vendors. The proposed cloud architectural concept for IoT-based smart homes is shown with a layered design in Figure 7. Each layer of the architecture has a specific function, with the bottom layers providing structural support to the top layers. Different IoT devices, including sensors, actuators, controllers, mobile phones, and other home appliances, can be connected by integrating them under a common cloud-based platform using available wireless and wired communication technologies [33]. A software platform known as middleware acts as an intermediary between two applications or devices. It enables the connection between any two clients, servers, databases, or even programs. The middleware layer is responsible for formalizing the collected data and establishing a connection with the cloud. Furthermore, the data are stored in the cloud infrastructure for further processing. The proposed model utilizes a service-oriented architecture (SOA) to connect numerous devices from different manufacturers and integrate various types of information. The development of sophisticated home services can be accomplished by organizing, combining, and packaging smart home apps using SOA. Figure 7 illustrates the layered architecture of the IoT and cloud-integrated HAIE model. This layered architecture enables the manipulation of IoT devices within the cloud environment. Figure 8 shows the customer and target devices linked to different private platforms. The essential operational steps are explained as follows:  
1. Through the vendor-specific auxiliary application that is loaded on the smartphone, the consumer simply sends a command for action to the appropriate private platform. 2. Initially, the infrastructure locally validates the device IDs of the targeted devices locally. If the device is not supported by the customer's connected private platform, the public cloud platform bus receives the operation command. 3. After addressing the device ID, the platform bus transmits the operation command to the corresponding private platform. The legality of the operation is verified. This private platform is connected to the target device. If the operation command is deemed legal, it is forwarded to the connected intended device. 4. Once the intended device has carried out the requested modification, it informs its associated private platform of its current status. The public cloud platform bus then receives the relevant information regarding the present operating status of the intended device. Figure 6: Placement of different sensors in a smart home. The platform bus integrates the device's most recent status across the entire cloud platform.