# Global IoT Mobility: A Path Based Forwarding Approach
## 3 Overview of Related Work  
Fueled by the proliferation of media capable smart phones, the emergence of social networks, and the plethora of IoT sensory applications, there has been an increasing demand for uninterrupted mobile services. A large number of research efforts in the literature have aimed to realise this objective with solutions focusing on Information Centric Networks (ICN). The main drawback of such proposals is that the network stack of every mobile device, together with the application network interface code, have to be replaced [27, 28]. Here, we look at the most relevant of these efforts. The authors in [29] present a blueprint for optimizing mobility support in ICN using the PURSUIT architecture [30]. They demonstrate that the ICN mechanisms supported in PURSUIT, along with smartly placed in-network caches, enable the architecture to handle both mobile and fixed devices in an efficient uniform way. Mobile nodes can simply reissue subscriptions for information after handover and the network may direct these subscriptions to nearby caches rather than the original publisher. In [31], the authors propose a mobility management scheme for Content Centric Networks (CCN) that aims to provide faster service access and lower routing overhead. The solution presents a path redirection scheme, where all communications are done via a home domain content router. The mobile content source informs its home domain content router of its movement by delivering a prefix update message. Evaluation results show lower network convergence time and lower service disruption as compared to basic CCN; however, triangular routing is introduced by tunneling-based redirection. An anchor-less solution to manage micro-mobility of content producers (Publishers) via a name-based CCN/NDN data plane is proposed in [32]. The authors focus on Publisher mobility, given that Subscriber mobility is supported in ICN by design (in virtue of its connectionless pull-based communication model). The authors set up a comprehensive simulation environment to evaluate and compare their solution against existing solutions, including a realistic trace-driven car-mobility pattern under a 802.11n radio access. The results show that the proposed solution satisfies its objectives while equalling or outperforming the performance of existing alternatives, both in terms of user related metrics (e.g., loss, delays) and network related metrics (e.g., signaling overhead, link utilization). Similarly, the authors in [33] describe an initial proposal for an anchor-less approach to manage producer mobility via Interest Updates/Notifications in the data plane, even in the presence of latency-sensitive applications. They detail the different operations triggered by producer movements and define a timely forwarding update mechanism populating a Temporary Forwarding Information Base FIB (TFIB) at routers relaying former and current producer location. Figure 3: 5G network elements and interfaces. The authors in [34] present a service-driven mobility support architecture for Information Centric Networks that provides seamless mobility as an on-demand network service. This service can be enabled/disabled based on network capabilities or resource availability. The architecture proposed in [34] relies on the ID/Locator split on ICN namespaces to support the use of persistent names and avoids name reconfiguration due to mobility. The proposed solution has been implemented over a service-centric CCN platform and showed promising results towards achieving seamless handover. The authors in [35] present a multiple-level proxy caching model in an ICN architecture, where content requests from mobile subscribers and the corresponding items are proactively cached to these proxies at different levels. The caching model selects the appropriate subset of proxies and supports distributed online decision procedures in terms of the trade-off between delay and cache cost. Simulation results show significant savings in total costs for both full caching and no caching scenarios.