# A Comprehensive Review of Mechanisms, Predictive Techniques, and Control Strategies of Rockburst
## 2 Rockburst Definition and Classification
### Classification of Rockbursts  
Based on the nature of rockbursts, classification systems have been developed worldwide to record and report rockbursts. [PERSON] [48] modified phrases for induced, residual, inherent, and combination bursts. [PERSON] [14] classified rockbursts into strain and fracture types based on slip and fracture. [PERSON] [49] categorized rockbursts into two classes based on mechanical properties and seismic signatures. [PERSON] [50] classified rockbursts into three categories based on stress action patterns. dividing rockbursts into intrinsic, induced, and fault-slip bursts [34], but this classification has drawbacks as it does not thoroughly explore the geomechanical aspect of rockbursts and cannot characterize the process mechanism. * _Inherent burst_ occurs when the in-situ stresses are high enough to cause initial excavation failure. * _Induced burst_ occurs when the remaining stresses after excavation impact the pillar. * _Fault-slip burst_ occurs when there is an existing major geological structure. Rockbursts are classified as remote and self-initiated based on their triggering mechanism [7]. The definitions of rockburst mechanisms vary among authors, with [PERSON] [51] referring to them as modes of failure. Rockbursts can also be further characterized as bulking, ejection, and seismically-induced collapse of ground based on the damage process [7] (See Figure 1). [PERSON] and [PERSON] [17] classified rockbursts based on their seismic events and postulated source mechanisms. The classes are strain-bursting, buckling, face crush, shear failure, fault-slip, and shear failure, as shown in Table 2.  
[PERSON] [52] classified rockburst processes into three broad categories: strainbursts, fault-slip bursts, and mixed mechanisms (see Figure 2), and he stated that the bulk of rockbursts in deep hard rock mines are the strainburst type. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [53] investigated a more sophisticated rockburst categorization system that characterized rockbursts based on both the source and damage mechanisms at the excavation boundary. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c} \hline
**Researchers (Year)** & **Rockburst Definition and Its Description** \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. (2017) [41] & Deep engineering excavation causes local stress concentration and the storage of elastic strain energy in surrounding rock mass; thus, brittle rock failure may occur under external dynamic disturbance loading, releasing the rock mass’s internal storage energy. Most of the released energy destroys the rock, and the rest causes rockburst by ejecting broken rock blocks. \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. (2018) [42] & Under high stress, rockburst is a violent movement and collapse of underground rock. \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. (2019) [43] & Rockburst is a dynamic phenomenon that occurs when elastic deformation potential energy accumulated in underground engineering rock mass suddenly releases under excavation or another external disturbance. \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. (2020) [44] & Rockburst is sudden excavation damage. \\ \hline [PERSON] (2021) [45] & Rockburst is immediate dynamic instability in deep or high geostress areas during excavation unloading. \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. (2022) [46] & In a high-geostress hard rock setting, the surrounding rock suffers dynamic unloading of in-situ stress and external load crack propagation within a rock mass. \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. (2023) [47] & A common geological disaster during the deep rock mining process, and stress gradient is a significant element influencing rockburst. \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: _Cont._[PERSON] [6] classified rockbursts into three types based on their potential causes: strain rockburst, pillar collapse rockburst, and fault-slip rockburst.