# The Bolt Anchorage Performance of Fractured Rock under a Freeze-Thaw Cycle Load
###### Abstract
The number of FT cycles they considered was 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, and 75, respectively. They observed that the peak strain of flawed sandstone specimens increased with an increase in the number of cycles. [PERSON] et al. [15] conducted uniaxial compressive strength and P-wave velocity tests on incompletely saturated freeze-thawed rocks, establishing a critical saturation threshold of 60%, beyond which freeze-thaw damage escalates sharply. Macro-cracks were found to form inside clay minerals and propagate onto the surfaces of fully saturated specimens, while dried red sandstone remained intact without obvious defects after 50 freeze-thaw cycles. [PERSON] et al. [16] advanced a mathematical model to elucidate the damage and fracture processes in water-saturated porous fractured rocks under freeze-thaw conditions, probing the interplay between the fracture propagation rate, permeability, and elasticity of the rock matrix. [PERSON] et al. [17] explored the compression characteristics and damage modalities of saturated sandstone across various fracture dips and freeze-thaw cycles (0, 20, 40, and 60)), revealing a significant impact on the damage mode solely at a 5\({}^{\circ}\) inclination. The fracture mode of sandstone was found to be dependent on the inclination angle. [PERSON] et al. [18] harnessed [PERSON]'s displacement solution and introduced a freeze-thaw cycling factor to predict the performance of fully bonded rock anchors subjected to a number of cycles from 0 to 75. [PERSON] et al. [19] conducted experimental and numerical simulations on rocks reinforced with grouted anchors under 30 freeze-thaw conditions, resulting in the development of a degradation model for anchorage limits. Their findings indicated that shearing failure was caused by a decrease in the strength and stiffness of the cement mortar, resulting in a loss of bonding ability. Numerous scholars have undertaken research concerning anchored fractured rock; however, the overall research in this domain remains incomplete [20; 21; 22]. For instance, in the realm of rock fractures, extant studies have addressed various forms of fractures, encompassing diverse lengths and angles. Nevertheless, there remains a deficiency in simulating the morphology of fractures within rock masses pertinent to practical engineering applications. Existing investigations predominantly focus on the weakening effects of freeze-thawcycles on rock properties under unanchored conditions, neglecting a thorough examination of anchored fractured rock formations. However, under freeze-thaw conditions, the anchoring support of fractured rock masses becomes profoundly significant. Against this backdrop, this study primarily delves into the uniaxial compressive performance of anchored rock with embedded fractures under freeze-thaw cycling. It aims to elucidate the comprehensive effects of embedded fractures, anchorage conditions, and freeze-thaw actions on rock support, complemented by the establishment and analysis of numerical models. The findings of this research hold substantial significance in elucidating the support mechanisms of rock masses with embedded fractures under freeze-thaw conditions.