## 3 The Clustering Protocol
### Node Dormancy Mechanism
As shown in Figures 20-22, the protocol in this paper achieves a good improvement in the network throughput:

In the homogeneous networks with the initial energy of 0.4 J, the final throughputs of LEACH, SEP, and DEEC are 5404, 5357, and 7072, respectively. In comparison, the protocol in this paper achieves 89.64%, 91.3%, and 44.9% in throughput improvement, respectively. In the homogeneous networks with the initial energy of 0.8 J, the final throughputs of LEACH, SEP, and DEEC are 10,099, 10,336, and 13,590, respectively. In comparison, the protocol in this paper achieves 102.32%, 97.68%, and 50.35% in throughput improvement, respectively. In the heterogeneous networks where the initial energy is evenly distributed at 0.4-0.8 J, the final throughputs of LEACH, SEP, and DEEC are 8017, 10,591, and 12,426, respectively. In comparison, the protocol in this paper achieves 104.79%, 55.02%, and 32.13% in throughput improvement, respectively. As indicated in Tables 4-8, as the best among the four clustering protocols, our protocol can achieve a longer first node's death round, longer network lifetime, lower energy consumption and a higher amount of communication data than the others, which is of great significance for various environmental monitoring applications. Figure 19: The residual energy varies with the round (the initial energy is evenly distributed at 0.4–0.8 J). Figure 8:0 The network throughput varies with the round (initial energy = 0.8 J). Figure 8:1 The network throughput varies with the round (initial energy = 0.4 J). Figure 8:2 The network throughput varies with the round (initial energy = 0.8 J). ## 5 Conclusions

To further improve the performance of WSNs and increase the application value of WSNs in various scenarios, this paper proposes a new WSN clustering routing protocol. First, a new network \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Protocol** & **CHs Election Metric** & \begin{tabular}{c} **Node Energy** \\ **Distribution** \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} **Lifetime** \\ **Ranking** \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} **Stable time** \\ **Ranking** \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} **Throughput** \\ **Ranking** \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline LEACH & Random & Unbalanced & 3 rd & 2 nd & 3 rd \\ \hline SEP & Initial energy & Unbalanced & 3 rd & 2 nd & 3 rd \\ \hline DEEC & \begin{tabular}{c} Initial energy \\ Residual energy \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} Comparative \\ balanced \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} 2 nd \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} 2 nd \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} 2 nd \\ \end{tabular} & \
\begin{tabular}{c} 2 nd \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline Our Protocol &
\begin{tabular}{c} Residual energy \\ Location of the node \\ \end{tabular} & Balanced & 1 st & 1 st & 1 st \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 6: A performance summary between the four clustering protocols in the homogeneous networks (



structure model is introduced, then according to the original energy consumption model, a new method for determining the optimal cluster number of the network is proposed to balance the energy consumption within the cluster and between the clusters. Next, aiming at the shortcomings of the original AGNES algorithm, this paper introduces the variance in the cluster setup phase to reduce the difference in the distance between the nodes in the two clusters and implements the D-CHs division of the energy balance strategy and the node dormancy mechanism before and after the death of the first node, respectively. Finally, the CH priority function is constructed based on the residual energy and position of the node and the CHs are selected repeatedly at the end of each round. The simulation results show:

In homogeneous networks, the performance of LEACH and SEP is similar to each other. At this time, the rounds of the first node's death in the three protocols LEACH, SEP, and DEEC are not substantially different. The protocol in this paper has increased by approximately 13-17% in the round of the first node's death.