## 3 Results  
### Characterization of EAFS  
This material presents an apparent density of 3770 kg/m\({}^{3}\). The oxide chemical composition of the raw material, obtained from X-ray fluorescence (XRF), is shown in Table 4. The studied EAFS contains 28.5% of Fe\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{3}\), 28.2% of CaO, 17.7% of SiO\({}_{2}\), and 10.1% of Al\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{3}\). The high amount of iron in EAFS could induce magnetic properties on AAEAFS concrete [49] and it was confirmed to be a strongly magnetic precursor with the use of neodymium magnets. Figure 1 presents the results of the particle size distribution of the EAFS after the milling process. Ordinary Portland and fly ash (FA) from a coal power plant were tested as reference materials. EAFS showed a bimodal particle distribution curve similar to FA and cement. The highest peak of both the EAFS and cement curves indicated a similar particle diameter of 25 \(\upmu\)m. However, the peak corresponding to cement's curve was sharper than the one of EAFS, showing a higher distribution percentage. EAFS and cement showed another peak at 0.35 \(\upmu\)m, indicating the presence of very fine particles. In contrast, FA showed a wider peak at 20 \(\upmu\)m and a lower distribution percentage at 0.35 \(\upmu\)m compared to EAFS and cement. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt}} \hline \hline
**Fe\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{3}\)** & **CaO** & **SiO\({}_{2}\)** & **Al\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{3}\)** & **MgO** & **MnO\({}_{2}\)** & **Cr\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{3}\)** & **TiO\({}_{2}\)** & **P\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{5}\)** & **SO\({}_{3}\)** & **Na\({}_{2}\)O** & **BaO** & **K\({}_{2}\)O** & **V\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{5}\)** & **CuO** & **ZnO** \\ \hline
28.48 & 28.18 & 17.66 & 10.13 & 5.66 & 5.44 & 2.38 & 0.65 & 0.42 & 0.33 & 0.19 & 0.17 & 0.03 & 0.11 & 0.02 & 0.02 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: Chemical composition of EAFS obtained from XRF (%). \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt}} \hline \hline
**Test** & **Standard** & **No. of Specimens** & **Curing Conditions** \\ \hline Flexural strength & EN 1015-11 [47] & 6 & Sealed specimens in a dry chamber until testing age. \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Accelerated carbonation} & \multirow{2}{*}{EN 13295 [48]} & \multirow{2}{*}{4} & \multirow{2}{*}{14 days sealed + 14 days unsealed in the dry chamber; then placed in the carbonation chamber until testing age.} \\ \cline{3-3} \cline{5-6} \cline{7-7} \In Figure 2a, the EAFS particles are irregular in shape, dispersed, and have angular morphology. In addition, finer particles were observed on the surface of the larger ones (Figure 2b). On a larger scale view, vitrified surfaces are seen resembling those of materials exposed to elevated temperatures (i.e., greater than 1600 \({}^{\circ}\)C) suggesting the possibility of pozzolanicity and reactivity to alkali activation (Figure 2c). Moreover, the EDS test was carried out on the area presented in Figure 2d and the results were graphically represented in Figure 3. The corresponding EAFS particle is composed of around 50.6% oxygen, 18.0% calcium, 7.1% silicon, 6.2% of iron, and other components. This primary composition matches the mineralogical composition of the EAFS XRD results (Section 3.1) showing high calcium content seen as white particles (Figure 2d), as well as silicon oxide and iron oxide. Figure 1: Particle size analysis. Figure 2: _Cont._  
Figure 4 shows the EAFS' mineralological composition obtained by XRD. The results showed three fundamental phases: wustite (FeO), gehlenite (Ca\({}_{2}\)Al\({}_{2}\)SiO\({}_{7}\)), and dicalcium silicate (Ca\({}_{2}\)SiO\({}_{4}\)) (Figure 4a). Other minor phases appeared as magnesioferrite.