## 3 Current Developments
### Additional Developments  
Many published research articles in recent years did not intrinsically analyze OSM data quality or contributor patterns, but utilized the available dataset in a number of applications to investigate the fitness for the purposes of the contributions. With the increasing popularity of 3D applications, researchers tested the applicability of OSM for 3D applications or 3D location-based services [113]. In the following years, the first publications suggested how the OSM schema could be extended to indoor environments [137]. Other suggested methods on how to transform OSM data to the standardized City Geography Markup Language (CityGML) models [138] or for indoor evacuation simulations [139].  
In particular, the potential of OSM data for routing or trip-planer applications attracted a high interest in the research community. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [36] presented a first approach on how OSM data can be utilized for routing and address or POI allocations. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [38] improved the OSM routing performance with an open source mobile and server route planning application utilizing a contraction hierarchy method that enabled faster route computations [140]. OSM data was also implemented in robot tasks and autonomous vehicle applications [141], whereas others augmented OSM route network data with Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) height information to compute the optimal path for electric vehicles [142].  
The open approach to data contributions in OSM allows for the development of a plethora of applications, online or printable maps tailored to particular needs, such as hiking, biking, skiing or public transportation. The detailed data requirements for routing applications tailored to disabled people, such as pavement width or surface conditions, can be added to OSM and annotated with a selected number of tags. First, studies introduced how OSM and its tagging schema can be utilized for applications tailored to wheelchair users [143, 144] or visually impaired pedestrians that utilize haptic-feedback [145]. The Wheelmap project [146] is a great example for this particular case. Any volunteers can mark locations with wheelchair-friendly environments or accessibility. The results and detailed information of the Wheelmap project is then saved to the OSM database.  
A second large potential of OSM and other VGI-related projects lies in their support function on decision making processes during disaster management. Up-to-date geodata that includes detailed accessibility information for particular crisis regions can be of crucial importance during the relief response operations of organizations, such as the Red Cross. The data of the OSM project can be utilized in many ways during these events, due to its fast data processing methods and timely map updates. Additionally, the conversion of OSM data to Shapefiles, or other source files for handheld GPS devices, helps to develop tailored LBS applications and run spatial analysis tasks, for instance during natural disaster events. The success of OSM during these events has been proven during a devastating earthquake in Haiti in 2011, a tsunami in Japan in 2011 and after typhoon Yolanda in the Philippines in 2013. Contributors of the OSM project helped to collaboratively collect geodata for the crisis areas. At the latter event, more than 1500 contributors from 80 countries made more than 3.8 million map changes within 15 days [147]. This was a significant increase in member activity in comparison to the prior events, where almost 700 (Haiti) and 350 (Japan) contributors collected information for the affected regions. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [148] also demonstrated that open data and open standards can help reduce costs, whereas [PERSON] _et al._[149] presented a workflow to develop an online map completely based on OSM data.