# Carbon Emission Analysis of RC Core Wall-Steel Frame Structures
## 1 Introduction  
With the decrease in natural resources and the global variation in climate, the construction industry, as a significant factor impacting the global environment, faces many challenges. In response, the engineering field has developed numerous new technologies [1]. Advancements, including high-performance novel structures [2, 3] and digital design methods [4, 5], are being extensively researched to achieve the goal of sustainable development. Furthermore, the construction industry is responsible for about 30-40% of total carbon emissions across all industries [6]. Therefore, the calculation and analysis of carbon emissions of buildings is crucial for achieving energy conservation, emission reduction, and sustainability. Currently, the development and promotion of super high-rise building projects have become key measures to alleviate the land shortage problem caused by the rapid population growth in urban communities [7]. These projects are effective in optimizing architectural functions and increasing property value [8]. The super high-rise steel structure system has gradually become the preferred structural option, attributed to its superior structural performance, high degree of prefabrication, and high construction efficiency. [PERSON] et al. [9] reviewed the development and potential of super high-rise prefabricated steel structures, while [PERSON] et al. [8] elaborated on the development process of engineering technologyfor super high-rise buildings in China. In particular, RC core wall-steel frame structures have emerged as the mainstream structural form due to their structural stability and scalability. Many studies have been conducted focusing on these structures from aspects including health monitoring [10], structural components [11], and mechanical response [12]. Additionally, the parallel construction mode of the steel frame and RC core tube significantly accelerates the construction progress and effectively shortens the construction period. However, due to their huge material usage and complex energy requirements, super high-rise buildings often entail higher energy consumption and carbon emissions [13]. Therefore, from the perspective of long-term sustainable development, reducing the energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions of super high-rise buildings is crucial. Measures related to different elements throughout the life cycle of the building need to be utilized to achieve energy conservation and emission reduction. Significant progress has been made in the research on green design for high-rise and super high-rise buildings. Some advancements have improved the energy efficiency [14; 15] of super high-rise buildings through energy-saving designs [16], including utilizing adaptive building skins [17; 18; 19]. [PERSON] et al. [16] developed and optimized an origami-based adaptive solar facade system utilizing parametric design tools aiming at enhancing comfort and sustainability. Progress has also been made by achieving sustainability goals through the optimization of structural designs [20; 21]. For instance, [PERSON] et al. [22] proposed a multi-objective green design model aimed at minimizing construction costs and reducing carbon emissions. [PERSON] et al. [23] conducted comparative analyses of carbon emissions in high-rise buildings under different design parameters, including building materials, recycled components, structural forms, and building height. [PERSON] et al. [24] proposed an optimal design method with a genetic algorithm to reduce cost and CO2 emissions from structural materials in high-rise buildings. The method was successfully applied to a 35-story building. In addition to the overall control during the building design phase, some works have explored the potential to reduce carbon emission of building materials [25; 26] and components [27; 28]. For instance, [PERSON] et al. [29] evaluated the environmental performance of high-strength concrete as an environmental load-reducing material in super high-rise buildings.