## 4 Case Study
### Theoretical Application of the Integrated Framework  
The integrated DPIA-FRIA framework presented in Section 3 would be a crucial step in identifying and mitigating potential FR issues in a timely and structured manner prior to the deployment of the ADM system involved in the Dutch childcare benefits scandal. In providing a general justification for the integrated DPIA and FRIA framework without exhaustively analyzing each question, it is important to emphasize that this approach strategically evaluates ADM systems to prevent issues like those seen in the Dutch childcare scandal. By considering legal compliance, stakeholder values, data integrity, and FRs holistically, the framework identifies potential risks and implements safeguards across all stages of system development and deployment. The integrated framework emphasizes the alignment of AI/ADM systems with their intended objectives and legal bases, ensuring efficiency through stakeholder consultations and rigorous impact assessments. _FRIA Q1, Q9, and Q118 identify these issues_. Through rigorous examination of data sources and quality with assessments of built-in biases and assumptions, the framework aims to prevent discrimination, including racial profiling. It includes measures to rectify data biases and ensure that algorithms are as fair and objective as possible. _FRIA Q18, Q21, Q24, and Q26 identify these issues_. Addressing the opaqueness of AI/ADM systems and algorithm specifications, the framework mandates clear documentation of algorithms and decision-making processes, enhancing transparency and explainability. This ensures that stakeholders understand how decisions are made, enabling better oversight and trust in the system. _FRIA Q54_, _Q65_, _Q68_, _Q88_, _Q96_, _and Q102 identify these issues._  
An FRIA component within the integrated framework assesses potential FR impact, engaging with a broad range of stakeholders to identify and mitigate risks. _FRIA Q124 and Q128 identify these issues._  
The framework outlines mechanisms for human oversight, clear lines of accountability, and effective remedies, ensuring that decisions are reviewable, and citizens can make official complaints and seek redress. Regular audits and reviews guarantee ongoing compliance and responsiveness to emerging issues. _FRIA Q10_, _Q13_, _Q44_, _Q83_, _Q86_, _Q97_, _Q109_, and _Q115 identify these issues._  
Security and privacy are foundational, with the framework demanding strict controls and assessments to safeguard personal data. The integrated DPIA-FRIA algorithm would have identified GDPR violations, pinpointing areas where data processing did not comply with the regulation's strict principles, i.e., proportionality and necessity, data minimization, legal control, rights of data subjects, etc. _FRIA Q12_, _Q13_, _Q47_, _Q33_, and _Q35 identify these issues._  
Impact assessments further illustrate the AI/ADM system's effects on public values and fundamental rights, guiding the development of preventative and mitigating measures. _FRIA Q8_, _Q133_, _Q135_, _Q145_, and _Q146 identify these issues._  
This integrated DPIA and FRIA approach, with its emphasis on legal compliance, stakeholder engagement, data integrity, transparency, and human rights, offers a robust methodology for identifying and resolving the complex issues highlighted by the Dutch childcare benefits scandal. Through continuous monitoring, review, and adaptation, such a framework can prevent similar failures in future ADM deployments, ensuring that systems serve their intended purposes without compromising individual rights or public trust. It is obvious that if the integrated DPIA-FRIA framework had been applied before the use of the ADM system by the Dutch Tax and Customs Administration, it would have identified and mitigated the critical issues, or potentially, the ADM system use would have been banned due to the identified risks. It is critical to mention that The Dutch House of Representatives, on 8 April 2022, endorsed the mandatory use of the Human Rights and Algorithms Impact Assessment (IAMA).