[PERSON]  
2 Research Unit of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128 Rome, Italy; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (P.B. ); glongpbolicicomentist (U.G.L.) [PERSON]  
2 Research Unit of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128 Rome, Italy; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (P.B. ); glongpbolicicomentist (U.G.L.) [PERSON]  
2 Research Unit of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128 Rome, Italy; paolo.brigato@unicampus. to prevent curve progression and mitigate long-term adverse outcomes. Although the precise etiology of AIS remains unknown, current evidence suggests a multifactorial origin involving genetic predisposition, abnormal melatonin signaling, asymmetric growth modulation, and neuromuscular control dysfunction [5]. Genetic studies indicate that AIS may have a heritable component, with loci associated with scoliosis susceptibility identified in genome-wide association studies. Additionally, alterations in proprioception, vestibular function, and central nervous system processing have been hypothesized to contribute to the three-dimensional spinal deformity [6]. Furthermore, biomechanical theories suggest that asymmetric spinal loading and differential vertebral growth rates may influence the progression of scoliotic curves. These factors collectively contribute to the characteristic spinal rotation and lateral curvature observed in AIS patients. AIS predominantly affects females, with a female-to-male ratio of approximately 4:1 for curves requiring intervention. The severity of the condition is commonly assessed, with surgical intervention considered for major curves angles exceeding 45-50 degrees [2]. Conservative management, including bracing and physiotherapy, is generally recommended for mild-to-moderate cases, while spinal fusion remains the current standard for progressive and severe curves. Modern diagnostic modalities, such as EOS low-dose stereoradiographic imaging, allow for three-dimensional assessment of spinal deformities while minimizing radiation exposure. Functional evaluation, including MCA and gait analysis, is increasingly used to complement radiographic findings and provide dynamic insights into the biomechanical impact of AIS and its surgical correction [7]. Surgical intervention is often indicated for patients with severe curvature, typically those with major curve angles exceeding 45-50 degrees, to halt progression, correct deformity, and improve quality of life [8; 9]. Advances in surgical techniques, such as segmental spinal instrumentation (SSI), primarily using pedicle screws, have significantly enhanced the ability to achieve optimal coronal and sagittal plane correction [10]. However, achieving satisfactory radiographic outcomes does not necessarily correlate with the restoration of normal functional abilities or improvements in daily activities [11]. Therefore, assessing postoperative functional outcomes has become increasingly important to fully understand the impact of surgical interventions on patients' lives. Motion capture analysis (MCA) is a sophisticated biomechanical tool that quantitatively evaluates human movement by tracking markers placed on anatomical landmarks [12]. These markers are recorded by high-speed infrared cameras, allowing for three-dimensional reconstruction of movement patterns. MCA provides kinematic parameters such as joint angles, range of motion, and spatiotemporal gait characteristics, while kinetic analysis (if integrated with force plates) assesses ground reaction forces and joint moments. In AIS patients, MCA can offer valuable insights into how spinal deformities and their surgical correction affect movement dynamics [13; 14].