## 4 Discussion and Conclusions  
In this study, we used HHD to invert the source model of the Meinong earthquake. Our inverted model is similar to the source model of [9]. One major asperity was modeled as a source process, and the location of the asperity relative to the epicenter and the rupture direction (northwest) was fairly consistent. The source process was also modeled as an asperity by [2]; however, their study differed in that their slip direction was west-northwest. Because of differences in the data and inversion methods used, a second small asperity at a depth of 15 km in the study of [3] was not detected in our model. We applied the inverted source in this study to compute the vertical surface deformation, Coulomb stress change, and SSIs to compare them with the corresponding values in previous studies in order to determine our model's validity. Areas with high surface vertical displacement values were northwest of Meinong's hypocenter, indicating that the rupture direction was northwest.  
Figure 9: SIa distribution calculated using the inverted source model. The dashed line indicates areas with an SIa value of 400 gal; damaged buildings with 1–6 floors were located within the contour line. The red star represents the hypocenter of the Meinong earthquake, and the white squares represent the buildings damaged by this earthquake [36].  
Under the influence of various geological properties and other fault activities, our estimated maximum value of surface vertical displacements was 5 cm, which was an underestimate (the InSAR-derived maximum value was 13 cm). However, areas with high values were accurately detected by our source model. The derived \(\Delta\)CFS values indicated that three areas had particularly high values; these areas were east, west, and north of the hypocenter. Aftershocks with depths of 10-25 km were clustered in the eastern and western areas, and such aftershocks may have contributed to be triggered by \(\Delta\)CFS. The high positive \(\Delta\)CFS values that occurred north of the hypocenter may have affected both movement with a northwest-to-southeast trend and north-dipping blind fault, and aftershocks. Finally, we computed SIa and Slv to evaluate damage to two groups of buildings (1-7 and 7-22 floors). According to the distribution of SI values, the damaged buildings were located northwest of the hypocenter, indicating that source directivity may have been a key factor behind this building damage. All damaged buildings with 1-7 floors were located in an area with SIa greater than 400 gal, and the damaged buildings with 7-22 floors were in the area with Slv greater than 30 cm/s, respectively; these observations are consistent with those related to the Jiasian earthquake. These results were derived using our inverted source model, proving the validity of this inverted model and the effectiveness of the HHD method.  
Conceptualization, B.-Y.L. and H.-C.H.; methodology, B.-Y.L.; software, B. -Y.L.; validation, B.-Y.L., H.-C.H. and S.X.; formal analysis, B.-Y.L.; investigation, B.-Y.L.; resources, B.-Y.L.; data curation, B.-Y.L.; writing--original draft preparation, H.-C.H.; writing--review and editing, H.-C.H.; visualization, B.-Y.L.; supervision, H.-C.H.; project administration, S.X.; funding acquisition, S.X. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
This research was funded by Krirk University, Bangkok, Thailand.  
Not applicable.  
The authors declare no conflict of interest.