## 2 Results and Discussion
### Phytochemical Investigations
#### 2.1.2 Identification of Volatile Compounds by SPME-GC/MS
coronopifolia** \\ \cline{3-6}
**CDB-5 ms** & **DB-5 ms** & **VF-AXms** & **Amount \({}^{\ddagger}\)** & **Percentage** & **Amount \({}^{\ddagger}\)** & **Percentage** \\ \cline{3-6}
**4-Methyl-3-penten-2-one** & 801 & 1132 & 2267 \(\pm\) 228 & 1.92 \(\pm\) 0.39 & 4097 \(\pm\) 746 & 12.12 \(\pm\) 2.43 \\
**Acetylacetone** & 815 & 1196 & - & - & 278 \(\pm\) 50 & 0.82 \(\pm\) 0.14 \\
**2-Heptanone** & 891 & 1185 & - & - & 201 \(\pm\) 29 & 0.60 \(\pm\) 0.09 \\
**3-Methyl-2-heptanone** & 936 & 1210 & 446 \(\pm\) 77 & 0.38 \(\pm\) 0.07 & 499 \(\pm\) 77 & 1.48 \(\pm\) 0.19 \\ Acetophenone & 1066 & 1656 & 249 \(\pm\) 39 & 0.21 \(\pm\) 0.04 & - & - \\ Hexahydrofranesyl acetone & 1844 & 2121 & 318 \(\pm\) 58 & 0.27 \(\pm\) 0.04 & 4835 \(\pm\) 717 & 14.3 \(\pm\) 2.01 \\ _All_ & & & 3279 \(\pm\) 125 & _2.78 \(\pm\) 0.20_ & _10663_\(\pm\) 394 & 31.54 \(\pm\) 1.20 \\
**Esters** & & & & & \\ Methyl hepatomaate & 1023 & 1293 & 693 \(\pm\) 136 & 0.59 \(\pm\) 0.09 & - & - \\ Methyl benzoate & 1094 & 1628 & 6239 \(\pm\) 1218 & 5.3 \(\pm\) 1.02 & - & - \\ Methyl octanoate & 1123 & 1394 & 363 \(\pm\) 65 & 0.31 \(\pm\) 0.05 & 94 \(\pm\) 10 & 0.28 \(\pm\) 0.05 \\ Ethyl octanoate & 1196 & 1439 & 126 \(\pm\) 19 & 0.11 \(\pm\) 0.01 & 135 \(\pm\) 14 & 0.40 \(\pm\) 0.05 \\ Methyl decanoate & 1323 & 1594 & 216 \(\pm\) 34 & 0.18 \(\pm\) 0.03 & 64 \(\pm\) 8 & 0.19 \(\pm\) 0.03 \\ Ethyl 9-decanoate & 1386 & 1678 & 180 \(\pm\) 24 & 0.15 \(\pm\) 0.03 & 395 \(\pm\) 66 & 1.17 \(\pm\) 0.19 \\ Ethyl decanoate & 1394 & 1639 & 1078 \(\pm\) 128 & 0.92 \(\pm\) 0.14 & 1193 \(\pm\) 216 & 3.53 \(\pm\) 0.56 \\ Fumaric acid, pent-4-en-2-yl & 1492 & - & 371 \(\pm\) 55 & 0.32 \(\pm\) 0.05 & 146 \(\pm\) 18 & 0.43 \(\pm\) 0.08 \\ propyl ester & & & & & \\ Ethyl dodecanoate & 1590 & 1840 & - & - & 60 \(\pm\) 8 & 0.18 \(\pm\) 0.04 \\ Methyl tetradcanoate & 1726 & 1997 & - & - & 40 \(\pm\) 6 & 0.12 \(\pm\) 0.01 \\ Methyl hexadecanoate & 1926 & 2199 & 264 \(\pm\) 39 & 0.22 \(\pm\) 0.02 & 192 \(\pm\) 35 & 0.57 \(\pm\) 0.09 \\ Isopropyl hexadecanoate & 2023 & 2232 & - & - & 53 \(\pm\) 8 & 0.16 \(\pm\) 0.03 \\ _All_ & & & 9530 \(\pm\) 412 & _8.09 \(\pm\) 0.35_ & _2373_\(\pm\) _73_ & _7.02 \(\pm\) 0.19_ \\
**Sulfur compounds** & & & & & \\ Dimethyl disulfide & 743 & 1082 & 855 \(\pm\) 111 & 0.73 \(\pm\) 0.12 & 855 \(\pm\) 137 & 2.53 \(\pm\) 0.49 \\ Dimethyl trisulfide & 968 & 1391 & 80953 \(\pm\) 14196 & 68.73 \(\pm\) 13.01 & 539 \(\pm\) 97 & 1.6 \(\pm\) 0.29 \\ Dimethyl tetrasulfide & 1215 & 1750 & 9554 \(\pm\) 1063 & 8.11 \(\pm\) 1.29 & - & - \\ _All_ & & & 91362 \(\pm\) 8219 & _77.57 \(\pm\) 7.55_ & 1395 \(\pm\) 119 & 4.13 \(\pm\) 0.40 \\
**Nitriles** & & & & & \\
**4-Methylpentaenitrile** & 840 & 1253 & - & - & 778 \(\pm\) 110 & 2.3 \(\pm\) 0.47 \\ Hexanentirille & 877 & 1308 & - & - & 333 \(\pm\) 61 & 0.98 \(\pm\) 0.16 \\ Heptennitrile & 978 & 1408 & 855 \(\pm\) 103 & 0.73 \(\pm\) 0.09 & - & - \\
4-(Methylthio)-butanemitrile & 1082 & 1806 & - & - & 1629 \(\pm\) 257 & 4.79 \(\pm\) 0.85 \\ Benzyl nitrile & 1137 & 1893 & 409 \(\pm\) 66 & 0.35 \(\pm\) 0.07 & - & - \\ _All_ & & & 1264 \(\pm\) 87 & _1.08 \(\pm\) 0.08_ & 2730 \(\pm\) 165 & _8.08 \(\pm\) 0.57_ \\
**Terpenoids** & & & & & \\ Isophorone & 1126 & 1621 & - & - & 35 \(\pm\) 4 & 0.10 \(\pm\) 0.01 \\ Cryptone & 1175 & 1675 & - & - & 289 \(\pm\) 37 & 0.85 \(\pm\) 0.13 \\ Safranal & 1200 & 1649 & 891 \(\pm\) 127 & 0.76 \(\pm\) 0.11 & 208 \(\pm\) 39 & 0.61 \(\pm\) 0.13 \\ \(\beta\)-Cyclocitral & 1220 & 1626 & 246 \(\pm\) 49 & 0.21 \(\pm\) 0.03 & 179 \(\pm\) 33 & 0.53 \(\pm\) 0.09 \\ Pulegone & 1233 & 1637 & - & - & 166 \(\pm\) 22 & 0.49 \(\pm\) 0.07 \\ Thym autoimmune & 1250 & - & - & - & 171 \(\pm\) 19 & 0.50 \(\pm\) 0.07 \\
2-Isopropyl-5-methyl-3 & 1255 & - & - & - & 6605 \(\pm\) 1113 & 19.54 \(\pm\) 3.76 \\ cyclohexen-1-one & & & & & & \\ Carvacrol & 1291 & 2225 & - & - & 89 \(\pm\) 14 & 0.26 \(\pm\) 0.04 \\ Geranylacetone & 1447 & 1857 & - & - & 86 \(\pm\) 13 & 0.26 \(\pm\) 0.05 \\ _All_ & & & _1136 \(\pm\) 96_ & _0.97 \(\pm\) 0.08_ & 7827 \(\pm\) 372 & 23.15 \(\pm\) 1.26 \\
**Hydrocarbons** & & & & & \\
9-Octadecene & 1744 & 1795 & 554 \(\pm\) 80 & 0.47 \(\pm\) 0.07 & - & - \\
9-Eicosene & 1948 & 1914 & 280 \(\pm\) 38 & 0.24 \(\pm\) 0.04 & 50 \(\pm\) 7 &As regards _M.