## 3 Results
### Acute Toxicity of the Methanolic Leaf Extract of C. simplicifolia
#### 3.7.2 Assessment of In Vivo Antiradical Potential of Liver Hepatic Tissues  
The efficacy of the methanolic extract of _C. simplicifolia_ leaves toward in vivo hep-autoprotective properties against paracetamol-damaged Wistar albino rats was evaluated by measuring the concentrations of oxidative stress scavengers, namely, the glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels in the liver hepatic homogenates of treated and untreated rats during the experiment at the end 24 h after the last dose (Table 8). The in vivo antioxidant potential of the hepatic enzyme and lipid peroxidation level was attributed to the scavenging free radical ability of the treated and untreated group rats. The outcome of the current assay explored the significant elevation of hepatic antioxidants and reduction in lipid peroxidation. Normal group-1 rats delivered relevant concentrations of GSH (33.72 \(\pm\) 1.74 nmol/mg of protein), CAT (\(7.35\pm 0.54\) nmol/mg of protein), SOD (204.0 \(\pm\) 5.38 nmol/mg of protein), and lipid peroxidation (33.63 \(\pm\) 8.63 nmol/mg of protein), respectively. On the contrary, the PC-treated rats showed an insignificant decrease in GSH (21.63 \(\pm\) 3.15 nmol/mg of protein), CAT (13.90 \(\pm\) 1.15 nmol/mg of protein), and SOD (140.1 \(\pm\) 4.56 nmol/mg of protein) and a dramatic rise in the lipid peroxidation (272.7 \(\pm\) 2.45 nmol/mg of protein) reaction compared with the normal group rats. Silymarine-treated rats, compared with the normal and control rats, displayed a high range of GSH (43.80 \(\pm\) 1.39 nmol/mg of pro  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Group** & **Administration** & **AST** & **ALT** & **ALP** & **Bilirubin** & **Cholesterol** \\  & **U/L** & **U/L** & **U/L** & **mg/dL** & **mg/dL** \\ \hline
1 & Normal—vehicle & 116.7 \(\pm\) 1.45 & 41.53 \(\pm\) 6.26 & 195.0 \(\pm\) 7.55 & 0.15 \(\pm\) 0.02 & 94.00 \(\pm\) 2.60 \\
2 & Control—paracetamol (PC) & 134.5 \(\pm\) 0.50 *** & 164.9 \(\pm\) 23.13 *** & 434.7 \(\pm\) 27.0 *** & 1.36 \(\pm\) 0.03 *** & 257.4 \(\pm\) 0.45 *** \\
3 & Standard—silymarin & 126.5 \(\pm\) 0.50 *** & 112.9 \(\pm\) 16.50 *** & 350.0 \(\pm\) 11.59 *** & 0.35 \(\pm\) 0.01 ** & 23.00 \(\pm\) 1.00 *** \\
4 & PC + CSMS low dose & 129.9 \(\pm\) 0.65 *** & 133.0 \(\pm\) 4.12 ** & 398.4 \(\pm\) 32.16 *** & 0.33 \(\pm\) 0.03 ** & 57.87 \(\pm\) 2.76 *** \\
5 & PC + CSMS high dose & 130.5 \(\pm\) 0.50 *** & 106 \(\pm\) 7.67 * & 334.3 \(\pm\) 11.85 ** & 0.36 \(\pm\) 0.03 *** & 46.25 \(\pm\) 2.76 *** \\  & (100 mg/kg p.o) & & & & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}  
* All table values are mean \(\pm\) SEM; One-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and multiple Dunnett’s -tests;
* \(p<\) 0.05, *
* \(p<\)0.01, **
* \(p<\) 0.001, and **
* \(p<\) 0.0001 compared with normal rats was followed. (CSMLS: _C. simplicifolia_ methanolic leaf extract).  
\end{table}
Table 7: _C. simplicifolia_ leaf efficacy for serum blood biochemical markers.  
tein), CAT (16.04 \(\pm\) 1.71 nmol/mg of protein), and SOD (246.6 \(\pm\) 9.78 nmol/mg of protein) and a decrease in lipid peroxidation (69.33 \(\pm\) 5.08 nmol/mg of protein). Subsequently, in comparison with the normal rats' antioxidant capacity, the methanolic leaf extract at a low dose expressed a significant increase in the level of GSH (24.78 \(\pm\) 1.31 nmol/mg of protein), CAT (20.50 \(\pm\) 1.13 nmol/mg of protein), and SOD (135.2 \(\pm\) 10.65 nmol/mg of protein) with a reduction in lipid peroxidation (107.7 \(\pm\) 4.85 nmol/mg of protein). Similarly, a high dose of methanolic leaf extract showed elevated concentrations of GSH (41.42 \(\pm\) 0.58 nmol/mg of protein), CAT (26.87 \(\pm\) 1.01 nmol/mg of protein), and SOD (254.8 \(\pm\) 22.12 nmol/mg of protein) and a reduction in lipid peroxidation (71.82 \(\pm\) 6.44 nmol/mg of protein) in contrast to normal rats.