###### Abstract  
While agricultural crops remain at the forefront of addressing global food demands and malnutrition, depleting resources, fluctuating climatic conditions, and the adverse impact of biotic/abiotic stresses define a major challenge. Plant seeds comprise an important starting material for plant propagation, in vitro generation, and conservation, and are crucial factors in determining the quality and yield of the desired crops. The expanding horizon of precision agriculture suggests that high-quality seeds could promote crop productivity up to 15-20 percent, attributed to emerging biotechnological innovations in seed science and research. In addition, seed science comprises an integral aspect of sustainable development goals (SDGs), and plays a crucial role in Climate Action (SDG 13) and Zero hunger (SDG 2). While synthetic seed technologies highlight prospects in the propagation and conservation of key plant species, seed biopriming to address environmental stresses is innovative in climate-smart agriculture. The article discusses key developments in advanced seed biotechnologies, ranging from nano-enabled seed treatments to the non-coding RNA-mediated determination of seed traits and genetic manipulation of seeds for quality improvement. Research employing multi-omics, bioinformatics, and seed biopharming for the enhanced production of high-value metabolites is opening new avenues in seed biology and biotechnology research. oservation; multi-walled carbon nanotubes; non-coding RNAs; seed biotechnologies; seed biopharming; sustainable development goals (SDGs) +
Footnote †: journal: Applied sciences  
innovativeotechnologies are required to ensure sustainable food systems and the development of new products, expanding the horizons of agricultural biotechnology. Figure 1, represents a schematic overview of the agriculturalotechnologies and their contributions to achieving the sustainable development goals (SDGs) of the United Nations. In the subsequent decades, there has been a major focus on boosting agriculture productivity, marked by the \"Green Revolution\" and the development of new cultivars with improved traits via smart agricultural innovations, revolutionizing agricultural output and sustainability. While translational success has been achieved in multiple areas, seed biology has been less investigated in the realms of sustainable agricultural practices. Plant seeds play a pivotal role and serve as starting material for plant propagation across generations and food purposes. Central to the global economy, seed biology and biotechnology comprise an integral aspect of our civilization and seeds produce 90% of the crops in the agricultural arena [14; 15]. A seed is a completely developed ovule that includes an embryo and nutrients, covered by a seed coat [16]. Research initiatives to understand the reproduction and functions of a plant are imperative for seed production and the development of new plant varieties [17]. The seed technology field is an integral aspect of agriculture practices. It plays a vital role in transmitting improved traits to new crops, enhancing the genetic and physical characteristics of seeds, and maintaining genetic diversity. It is also a main resource for essential products. In 1990, key efforts were made to delineate the molecular and physiological aspects of seed development and high-throughput seed-phenotyping assays [18]. Subsequently, research in bioinformatics and genomics facilitated the collection of enormous data, generated in genotyping and seed phenomics, and expanded the horizons in seed science research. The available information in seed biology would provide key insights and assist in improving seed nutritional profiles, understanding beneficial seed traits, enhancing seed viability and vigor, and identifying novel parental seed lines, among others [18]. Moreover, studies have discussed the biotechnological approaches that mediated the improvement of seed longevity in cereal crops employing integrated omics tools and genomics [19].