# Smart Road Traffic Accidents Reduction Strategy Based on Intelligent Transportation Systems (TARS)
## 1 Introduction  
Over the past few decades, the number of vehicles has significantly increased which has resulted in populated roads. This massive traffic load has uplifted the road accident graph, which has consequently raised injuries and death rates worldwide. In 2010, the states presented in the World Health Report (WHR) documented road traffic injuries as the ninth most common reason for the disability of people. According to the report by the World Health Organization (WHO) [1], about 1.24 million casualties and 50 million injuries were reported globally. Automobile accidents are rated as the eighth cause of injuries and death toll worldwide. In the KSA, compared to other developed countries like the UK and USA, the death toll caused by road accidents has increased from seventeen percent to twenty-four percent per 10 million people over a decade [2] and is the primary reason for a young person's death [3]. Friends of the Red Crescent Committee reported 526,000 accidents yearly in KSA with approximately seventeen casualties per day. According to the report published in the Aleqtisadiah newspaper, there were 2.8% more car accidents in 2016 than those reported in 2015. On the basis of these statistics, it isestimated that the death toll will further grow by 2020 due to road accidents [4; 5]. Attention must be given towards this severe road traffic condition in the KSA to control this, otherwise it will probably increase to four million crashes per year by 2030 according to the prediction made in [6]. These road traffic accidents not only cause an increased death toll or injury, but also result in communal and financial damage to the state [7]. The deaths or disabilities of youngsters caused by accidents have a solemn effect on families and more widely on society [8]. The loss or disability of an earner not only causes financial suffering for family members, but also changes the domestic dynamics. On the other hand, the state expends SR 13 billion approximately per year to matters associated with road accidents [9]. Therefore, it is essential to find a way to avoid such severe conditions so that the state can continue to prosper in terms of productivity, as well as socially and economically. Numerous efforts have been made to avoid such drastic situations through the implications of speed limits, imposition of traffic rules, deployment of seat belts and air bags, boosting stiffness into the physical structure of a vehicle, and so on [10]. Furthermore, researchers have directed their attention to avoiding accidents and have introduced a number of active electronic and computer-controlled mechanisms such as braking systems, intelligent speed adaptation, collision prevention, self-governing cruise control systems, electronic stability control systems, and so on [11]. In recent times, Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) have gained much attention from the research community [12]. ITS introduced smart vehicles that are enabled to wirelessly communicate with one another through a communication device called an On-Board Unit (OBU). A network of inter-connected vehicles equipped with Electronic Control Modules (ECMs) are called Vehicular Ad-hoc NETworks (VANETs) [13]. Vehicular Networks are the most important and emerging technology in the field of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). A large number of new routing schemes and architectures have been suggested in recent years in order to successfully deploy ITS. The widespread deployment of ITS is a complex and challenging task. Numerous projects have been developed and their performance evaluated either through simulation or deployment in a real environment. Various projects developed by different countries include the project related with Automobile Safety Communication in the United State of America (USA) and Car-to-Car communication in the European Union. The European Union, USA, and Japan have already deployed a smart vehicular environment in both urban and highway areas.