## 5 Taxonomic Reclassification of _Candida stellata_
stellata_; this result highlights the fact that only two of investigated strains might belong to _C. stellata_. The digestion of the amplified region with Mbol and DraI distinguished _C. stellata_ from _C. zemplinina_ and the Cfol, HaeIII, and Hinfl restriction patterns separated _C. stellata_ from _S. bombicola_[43]. Later, the D1/D2 domains of the LSU rRNA gene of all strains studied were amplified and sequenced. The Blast search with the sequences identified high degrees of similarity (98-100%) with the sequences of the type strains of 11 species. Based on these sequences, most strains originally isolated from grapes or wine fermentation belonged to _C. zemplinina_ or _S. bombicola_ (DBVPG strains). At the same time, the results of the taxonomic physiological test were contrasted with the molecular results and all _C. zemplinina_ strains growing in the presence of 1% acetic acid, which inhibited the growth of _C. stellata_. The wine yeasts deposited in DBVPG as _C. stellata_ strains turned out to be strains of _S. bombicola_, which were identified species [48], unknown at the time of their deposition. As a result, it can be concluded that most wine strains preserved in CBS or described in recent publications as _C. stellata_ proved to belong to _C. zemplinina_[13]. _C. stellata_ was not found among yeasts newly isolated from noble rotted grapes and botrytized wines either, although overripe grapes and fermenting grape musts with high sugar concentrations are environmental conditions in which strains identified as _C. stellata_ were frequently detected [27; 28; 37; 38]. _C. stellata_ is far less present in grapes and natural wine fermentation than hitherto thought. Regarding botrytized wines, the higher appearance of _C. zemplinina_ is ligated to the capacity to resist higher acetic acid concentrations. It is known that _C. zemplinina_ can grow in presence of 1% of acetic acid, which is inhibitory to _C. stellata_. The grapesinfected by _Botrytis cinerea_ present a high number of acetic acid bacteria, with can grow in grape must with production of gluconic and acetic acids [49]. To probe the hypothesis about the broad presence of _C. zemplinina_, the _C. stellata_ LSU rRNA gene sequences published by others authors were reviewed [13]. The results showed that D1/D2 domain sequences of the _C. stellata_ strains isolated from French cider by [PERSON] et al. [50] and from Spanish wine by [PERSON] et al. [38] and the corresponding sequence of _Candida_ sp. isolated from Californian sweet botrytized wine by [PERSON] et al. [7] are coincident with those of the type strain of _C. zemplinina_. Moreover, _C. zemplinina_, but not _C. stellata_, was found in fermented red wine from Portugal grape variety Castelao. Besides, _C. zemplinina_ was also identified in other Portuguese wine (accession number AY394855) and in Greek botrytized wines (accession number DQ872872). The results obtained from electrophoretic karyotypes suppose another means for the differentiation of these species. Although both species had three chromosomes and showed length polymorphism, their chromosomes differed in size. _C. stellata_ had a somewhat larger genome, and each chromosome differed in size from the comparative used strains, CBS 157\({}^{\text{T}}\) and CBS 843. _C. stellata_ appears to be prone to undergo chromosomal rearrangements. In contrast, the _C. zemplinina_ strains did not show chromosomal polymorphism [13]. _C. zemplinina_ also proved to be much more acidogenic; this aspect may significantly affect the quality of the wine. _C. stellata_ grew much more slowly at all conditions tested. This observation is in accordance with earlier reports that described _C. stellata_ as a slow-growing yeast [29]. On the other hand, different studies about the original type _Saccharomyces bacillaris_ described together with _Saccharomyces stellata_ from overripe grapes and concentrated musts concluded that this species is not synonymous with _C. stellata_. Different profiles were observed for the type strain of _C.