# An Adaptive Scheduling Mechanism Optimized for V2N Communications over Future Cellular Networks
###### Abstract  
Automated driving requires the support of critical communication services with strict performance requirements. Existing fifth-generation (5G) schedulers residing at the base stations are not optimized to differentiate between critical and non-critical automated driving applications. Thus, when the traffic load increases, there is a significant decrease in their performance. Our paper introduces SOVANET, a beyond 5G scheduler that considers the Radio Access Network (RAN) load, as well as the requirements of critical, automated driving applications and optimizes the allocation of resources to them compared to non-critical services. The proposed scheduler is evaluated through extensive simulations and compared to the typical Proportional Fair scheduler. Results show that SOVANET's performance for critical services presents clear benefits. 5G; V2N; scheduling algorithm; critical V2N services Article An Adaptive Scheduling Mechanism Communications over Future Cellular Networks  
[PERSON], [PERSON]  
identifies Use Cases (UCs) and potential service requirements to enhance 3 GPP's support for V2X services. 5G Automotive Association (5 GAA) in [5] has defined a methodology to describe solution-agnostic automotive UCs and application requirements referred to as Service Level Requirements (SLR). This 5 GAA white paper applies the defined methodology to describe advanced UCs, which require complex interactions among vehicles, as well as between vehicles and communication infrastructure, in relation to self-driving (autonomous) vehicles. Another 5 GAA white paper [6] provides a roadmap for advanced driving UCs, connectivity technologies, and radio spectrum needs. The document describes both advanced and critical driving UCs, as well as the support of non-critical Basic Safety Messaging (BSM) types of communication. The work in [7], compares and maps key requirements for advanced autonomous driving UCs, as provided by 3 GPP and 5 GAA. The paper provides an analytical delay and capacity performance analysis for these UCs, considering both the Fourth Generation Long Term Evolution (LTE) and the 5G cellular networks' performance characteristics and provided features. As the paper suggests, although V2X communication is usually treated under the Ultra-Reliable Low Latency Communication (URLLC) cases, the presented analysis suggests that the uptake of V2X communication by many vehicles in an area creates considerable challenges in terms of capacity. These challenges, if not addressed, may lead to throughput reduction, packet latency increase and Packet Reception Rate (PRR) degradation, well below the required performance. Similar findings have been presented in [8], where the conclusions of a thorough analysis indicate that mobile operators would require at least 500 MHz of additional service-agnostic mid-band (1 to 7 GHz) spectrum to support advanced automotive V2N services. By the term \"additional\", 5 GAA refers to bands not currently identified among the ones for International Mobile Telecommunications (IMT) use by cellular communication networks. From the above, it can be inferred that supporting multiple vehicles, each engaged in several autonomous driving services of diverse needs, will be a challenging task for forthcoming cellular networks. Not all autonomous driving services have strict requirements. Some may only require sparse, non-real-time updates from the infrastructure side to the vehicles, leading to easily addressable data rate and latency needs. These, however, will be multiplexed with services that will require high throughput, ultra-high reliability and minimum delays. Such services include Teleoperated Driving (ToD) and High-Definition Map Sharing (HDM). ToD is a service with stringent requirements [6] in terms of significantly low radio communication latency and increased system capacity (specifically on the uplink-UL).