# Emerging Paradigms and Architectures for Industry 5.0 Applications
###### Abstract
For the operation of the blockchain network, a chaincode was designed, a Decentralized Application (DApp) (i.e., a client application that runs on the blockchain network) was developed, and the network architecture was devised. Furthermore, information on fine dust concentration and photos of the reduction measures were shared with the stakeholders through Hyperledger Explorer, a blockchain search tool. The use of the IoT and CPSs to develop cognitive buildings is analyzed in [4]. Recent advances in IoT ecosystems enable the integration of sensors, computing, and communication capabilities into low-cost, small-scale devices that can be used to implement CPSs to perform real-time radon gas management. Such management systems are important since radon gas is a pollutant with an adverse influence on public health. Moreover, the mentioned technologies are relevant for building management systems that focus on balancing factors, such as energy efficiency, radon exposure management, and user experience, to achieve a more seamless integration between technology and the built environment. Thus, the work in [4] overviews the basic concepts and the legal framework regarding indoor radon gas exposure, as well as its relationship with energy efficiency. It also reviews recent IoT technologies for indoor radon gas monitoring, assessment, and mitigation. Finally, it discusses the main opportunities and challenges. Low-Power Wide-Area Network (LPWAN) technologies are the topic chosen by [5]. In the last years, LPWAN technologies have received a lot of attention from the research community in large outdoor deployments due to their low power consumption, low cost, and long-range communication. Such technologies are able to perform communications and device positioning simultaneously, thus reducing not only the cost of deployment but also the power consumption of IoT devices. Three LPWAN communication technologies are analyzed (LoRaWAN, Sigfox, and NB-IoT), which are widely used in various IoT application domains. The article also covers the IoT application fields of smart cities, smart transportation, smart healthcare, and smart manufacturing. Each of the application domains has different requirements, with the provision of location information being relevant in asset tracking and management. In addition, the work in [5] explores low-cost non-GNSS outdoor localization techniques. In particular, the authors analyze the systems that make use of such techniques, defining their requirements and restrictions when used in IoT applications and describing the most relevant outdoor location methods without GNSS (focusing on LPWAN technologies). Furthermore, the most relevant methods to improve location accuracy without GNSS in IoT applications are studied, and the main open challenges and future research directions are detailed. Finally, the work in [6] focuses on power management. Thus, the paper provides an extensive literature review of the recently published articles related to methods to reduce power consumption and cost. The article deals with several topics, such as battery management, the energy mix between renewable energy and other energy sources, big data in smart grids, and intelligent cloud-based power optimization intelligent systems. It is discussed how a well-maintained system of power mixing can lead to improving environmental results by reducing the carbon footprint. Furthermore, a framework of the charge controller system is provided to monitor and combine different energy sources in order to obtain the best-optimized system, control the switches in the energy hub, and manage the charging and discharging process.