## 1 Introduction  
The Internet of Things (IoT), the Internet of Everything, or the Industrial Internet, acts as a global network of devices and machines that can interact [1]. IoT is considered one of the essential technology domains for the future and attracts vast attention from various industries [2]. The IoT endpoint market has grown enormously since the idea was published. However, robust interactions of human-to-device and device-to-device are achieved by the IoT applications [3]. There are numerous domains of IoT applications, such as healthcare, industries, vehicular communications, cloud computing, fog computing, edge computing, wireless sensor networks (WSNs), data mining, cellular networks, and many others [4]. In the future, there will be more and more devices available to interact with the system of IoT [3]. Companies have developed IoT solutions for facility maintenance and cold chain management applications. Taking facility maintenance as an example, with the help of multiple sensors and IoT systems, functions such as motion detection in the restricted area and water detection in the pump room can be achieved for the ease of facility management [5, 6, 7, 8, 9].  
In the age of IoT, progress allows the number of advanced IoT applications such as smart healthcare systems, intelligent transport systems, smart energy systems, and smart buildings [10]. Sensors are the cornerstone of IoT deployment [11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16]. They enable IoT by collecting valuable data for better decision-making, especially for health and safety. The capability of sensors is aimed at securing the dangerous working environment, preventing injuries, and predicting risks. Intending to achieve the above targets, IoT sensors are helpful in occupational safety and health training [17; 18; 19; 20]. Occupational safety and health (OSH) is multidisciplinary and concerned with people's safety, health, and welfare issues at work. It keeps a watchful eye on workplace risks, including physical, chemical, biological, and psychological hazards and accidents. The primary target of OSH is to make improvements in offering a safer and healthier working environment, which means lessening the number of occupational injuries and deaths, musculoskeletal disorders, harmful occupational exposures, sick leave, and worker complaints [21].  
IoT cannot be divorced from cyber-physical systems (CPS) to maximize advancement opportunities. They are both sophisticated platforms that aim to enhance technological reliability and expose fields of unexploited possibility [22; 23; 24; 25]. CPS is a complex, heterogeneous distributed system of collaborating computational factors to control physical objects [26; 27; 28; 29; 30; 31; 32]. The physical side is connected with the sensors, actuators, and hardware and transmitted to the network and cyber layers. CPS aims to detect and realize the variations in the natural environment, analyze the influence caused by the changes to the operation and make decisions to answer the corresponding changes through dispatching commands to control physical devices in the system. This feature enables remote physical environment control [33]. Moreover, IoT is a technology that connects different independent equipment into one communicational platform for data monitoring and processing [3; 17; 19; 20; 34]. CPS and IoT are involved in integrating digital competencies such as computational abilities and network connectivity with physical objects and systems to promote performance [35; 36; 37; 38; 39]. Examples include intelligent vehicles, smart grids, cutting-edge manufacturing systems, and wearable medical devices [7; 8; 40; 41; 42; 43; 44]. Wireless communication plays a leading role in the smart world. CPS and IoT are standard techniques directly interacting with innumerable human daily activities [33]. CPS's cooperation with IoT can produce remarkable progress in various industries. Fully grasping the distinctions and the relationship between IoT and CPS is of the utmost importance [35; 45; 46; 47; 48; 49; 50; 51].