# Determinants of Emotion Recognition System Adoption: Empirical Evidence from Malaysia
###### Abstract  
Emotion recognition systems (ERS) are an emerging technology with immense potential, exemplifying the innovative utilization of artificial intelligence (AI) within the context of the fourth industrial revolution (IR 4.0). Given that personalization is a key feature of the fifth industrial revolution (IR 5.0), ERS has the potential to serve as an enabler for IR 5.0. Furthermore, the COVID-19 pandemic has increased the relevance of this technology as work processes were adapted for social distancing and the use of face masks. Even in the post-pandemic era, many individuals continue to wear face masks. Therefore, ERS offers a technological solution to address communication challenges in a masked world. The existing body of knowledge on ERS primarily focuses on exploring modalities or modes for emotion recognition, system development, and the creation of applications utilizing emotion recognition functions. However, to enhance the development of impactful ERS, it is essential for researchers and innovators to understand the factors that influence its usage and adoption among the intended users. Therefore, this study presents a framework that combines technology adoption theories to identify the determinants of ERS adoption among Malaysian youth. Data for this study were collected through a survey involving 386 respondents. The findings revealed attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and awareness as significant determinants of ERS adoption. Additionally, the study found that technology aptitude plays a moderating role. These insights can inform the formulation of effective policies and programs to encourage and facilitate the development of innovative ERS solutions. emotion recognition system; fourth industrial revolution; fifth industrial revolution; artificial intelligence; Theory of Planned Behavior; technology adoption; Malaysian; youth 2023131854185  
Moving ahead to the present, we find ourselves in the era of the fourth industrial revolution (IR 4.0), characterized by digitalization and the integration of AI and computers in collaboration with societies [5]. IR 4.0 primarily emphasizes the manufacturing industry, enabling smart manufacturing through technologies such as AI [6]. The constant nature of technological change is propelling us towards the fifth industrial revolution (IR 5.0). What distinguishes IR 5.0 from IR 4.0 is the specialization of machines and computers, endowed with the capability to comprehend human actions [7; 8]. Aspects of human-computer interaction (HCI) will become more significant as we move into IR 5.0. ERS is well positioned to be a key enabling technology for this, as it can enhance AI with abilities to understand human emotions and behavioral responses. To facilitate HCI, the computer system must have the ability to communicate with humans in some form [8]. Since the used cases of IR 5.0 are still in their formative years, manufacturers must actively consider strategies to incorporate humans and machines and maximize the opportunities that can be exploited in IR 5.0. Hence, the introduction of ERS may enhance robots and machines in understanding human emotions with the proposition of collaborative robots. ERS is an emerging technology in the field of AI that allows machines to recognize human emotions by learning from various data modalities. It has gained significance due to technological advancements and potential applications. Initially introduced as part of affective computing (AC) by [9] to predict and understand human behavior, AC has further evolved to achieve recent advancements in recognizing emotions. Over the past decade, researchers have developed several ERS systems, which are now commonly embedded in various AI applications [10]. ERS offers a wide range of potential innovative solutions based on modalities introduced by previous researchers [11].