## 3 Results
### Spatial Variability of Annual and Seasonal Mean LST
#### 3.1.2 Daytime LST
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**SI.** & **City** & **Ann.** & **AMJ** & **DJF** & **Jan** & **Feb** & **Mar** & **Apr** & **May** & **Jun** & **July** & **Aug** & **Sep** & **Oct** & **Nov** & **Dec** \\ \hline
5. & Kolkata & 22.57 & 25.37 & 17.04 & 15.44 & 19.11 & 23.13 & 25.27 & 25.16 & 25.69 & 26.11 & 25.81 & 25.94 & 24.62 & 20.75 & 16.58 \\ \hline
6. & Lahore & 19.25 & 24.69 & 9.27 & 7.66 & 10.84 & 15.98 & 21.47 & 25.62 & 26.98 & 26.32 & 25.79 & 25.27 & 21.37 & 14.33 & 9.30 \\ \hline
7. & Bengaluru & 20.44 & 22.56 & 18.71 & 31.34 & 20.34 & 22.54 & 23.62 & 22.88 & 21.19 & 20.14 & 20.08 & 20.56 & 19.78 & 18.27 & 17.46 \\ \hline
8. & Chennai & 25.48 & 27.37 & 23.17 & 22.82 & 24.24 & 26.01 & 27.23 & 27.37 & 27.49 & 26.68 & 26.34 & 26.29 & 25.60 & 23.53 & 22.46 \\ \hline
9. & Hyderabad & 22.89 & 26.47 & 20.01 & 19.39 & 21.95 & 24.71 & 26.76 & 27.16 & 25.51 & 23.27 & 22.19 & 22.81 & 22.02 & 20.34 & 18.70 \\ \hline
10. & Ahmedabad & 22.85 & 27.82 & 17.72 & 16.34 & 19.22 & 23.41 & 27.50 & 29.08 & 26.89 & 21.43 & 21.71 & 24.97 & 24.76 & 21.10 & 17.61 \\ \hline
11. & Surat & 22.29 & 25.81 & 18.56 & 17.51 & 19.68 & 22.85 & 25.91 & 26.83 & 24.68 & 21.25 & 20.93 & 23.72 & 24.07 & 21.31 & 18.50 \\ \hline
12. & Pune & 20.61 & 23.89 & 18.52 & 17.77 & 20.15 & 22.81 & 25.24 & 24.95 & 21.49 & 18.12 & 18.26 & 20.33 & 20.97 & 19.48 & 17.66 \\ \hline
13. & Yangon & 23.59 & 25.41 & 21.18 & 20.37 & 22.13 & 24.76 & 26.20 & 25.48 & 24.56 & 25.02 & 25.47 & 24.31 & 24.67 & 23.59 & 21.04 \\ \hline
14. & Lucknow & 20.90 & 25.56 & 12.62 & 10.82 & 14.73 & 19.40 & 23.93 & 26.14 & 26.63 & 26.22 & 26.16 & 25.33 & 22.61 & 16.94 & 12.30 \\ \hline
15. & Faisalabad & 19.27 & 24.80 & 9.13 & 7.66 & 10.57 & 15.73 & 21.19 & 25.75 & 27.46 & 26.68 & 26.30 & 25.40 & 21.24 & 14.13 & 9.16 \\ \hline
16. & Jaipur & 20.55 & 25.71 & 12.49 & 10.80 & 14.37 & 19.38 & 23.85 & 26.45 & 26.84 & 24.83 & 23.99 & 24.72 & 22.18 & 16.86 & 12.28 \\ \hline
17. & Kanpur & 20.77 & 25.46 & 12.31 & 10.65 & 14.36 & 18.72 & 23.45 & 26.09 & 26.83 & 26.31 & 26.31 & 25.40 & 22.53 & 16.70 & 11.93 \\ \hline
18. & Dhanbad & 20.47 & 24.88 & 13.79 & 12.37 & 15.83 & 20.33 & 24.36 & 24.80 & 25.47 & 24.64 & 24.57 & 24.19 & 21.72 & 17.17 & 13.16 \\ \hline
19. & Coimbatore & 22.39 & 24.14 & 21.03 & 20.41 & 22.74 & 24.50 & 25.12 & 24.10 & 23.20 & 22.18 & 21.64 & 22.46 & 22.02 & 20.24 & 19.93 \\ \hline
20. & Colombo & 22.88 & 23.26 & 22.97 & 22.61 & 23.53 & 23.66 & 23.79 & 23.37 & 22.61 & 21.86 & 22.03 & 22.70 & 22.47 & 23.11 & 22.77 \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: _Cont._ \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**SI.** & **City** & **Ann.** & **AMJ** & **DJF** & **Jan** & **Feb** & **Mar** & **Apr** & **May** & **Jun** & **July** & **Aug** & **Sep** & **Oct** & **Nov** & **Dec** \\ \hline
1. & Delhi & 30.26 & 37.39 & 21.11 & 18.61 & 23.14 & 29.96 & 37.34 & 38.41 & 36.41 & 33.60 & 31.83 & 32.89 & 32.35 & 27.09 & 21.58 \\ \hline
2. & Mumbai & 33.29 & 37.43 & 32.41 & 31.15 & 34.46 & 38.37 & 40.05 & 37.97 & 34.26 & 26.58 & 26.89 & 29.28 & 32.92 & 33.38 & 31.63 \\ \hline
3. & Dhaka & 28.82 & 30.51 & 25.32 & 23.53 & 27.10 & 30.97 & 31.47 & 30.86 & 29.22 & 28.81 & 29.48 & 29.99 & 30.48 & 28.88 & 25.32 \\ \hline
4. & Karachi & 33.83 & 37.86 & 28.60 & 26.75 & 30.48 & 35.95 & 39.69 & 38.43 & 35.46 & 32.67 & 31.80 & 34.47 & 37.65 & 33.93 & 28.59 \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Average daytime temperature (LST, \({}^{\circ}\)C) showingIt is noted from Figure 6 that cities such as Delhi, Lahore, Faisalabad, Lucknow, Kanpur, and Jaipur (northern plains) exhibited high variability and range in average nighttime and average daytime temperature compared with Mumbai, Dhaka, Karachi, Kolkata, Bengaluru, Chennai, Hyderabad, Ahmedabad, Surat, Pune, Yangon, Coimbatore, and Colombo. Cities such as Delhi, Lahore, and Faisalabad showed the highest variability in nighttime average temperatures, ranging from 8.22 \({}^{\circ}\)C in January to 26.71 \({}^{\circ}\)C in June.