## 4 Discussion
The study provided valuable insights into the potential benefits of VR therapy in post-stroke rehabilitation, suggesting that it could be a useful component of treatment plans for these patients [49]. A comprehensive review by [PERSON] et al. evaluates randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing VR-based interventions to conventional therapy for upper limb rehabilitation post-stroke. The significance of the article lies in its comprehensive analysis and solid evidence base, demonstrating that VR is a promising and potentially more effective method for upper limb rehabilitation in stroke patients than traditional therapy. By highlighting the advantages of VR, such as increased engagement, personalized interventions, and better accessibility, the study paves the way for a more optimistic future in clinical practice, aiming to improve patient outcomes and quality of life. It also underscores the variability in VR intervention designs and the need for standardized protocols to enhance the comparability and effectiveness of these therapies [50]. Our research thoroughly analyzes the effects of associating FES and VR therapy for stroke patients. It meticulously compares this innovative approach with traditional treatment methods or no intervention. It provides a detailed examination of how the incorporation of FES and VR can impact the rehabilitation process for stroke survivors. The report explores the comparative outcomes and demonstrates how this comprehensive approach could enhance rehabilitation and offer additional benefits in post-stroke care. The four articles on upper limb rehabilitation in post-stroke patients reveal several noteworthy aspects:  
In the study by [PERSON] et al. [35], 2020, the use of FES and VR was combined in an innovative approach for upper limb rehabilitation in stroke patients. This combination aimed to maximize therapeutic effects, providing patients with a complex and stimulating method to regain motor function. VR was integrated to offer a captivating and personalized environment for therapy. Patients participated in virtual tasks and activities to engage in the interactive and motivating practice of upper limb movements. In parallel, FES was used to complement VR therapy. Applying electrical stimulation to the affected muscles encouraged patients to activate their upper limb movements while interacting with the virtual environment. This allowed for better muscle engagement and reinforcement of the connection between brain signals and movements performed in the virtual environment. This study's combination of FES and VR had several synergistic benefits. On the one hand, FES provided additional muscle stimulation and facilitated the generation of controlled movements of the upper limbs. On the other hand, VR created an interactive and captivating environment for therapy, encouraging patients to practice their movements in a more motivating and involved manner. [PERSON] et al. [34], 2021 and [PERSON] et al. [32], 2022 investigated the feasibility and effectiveness of a combined approach involving VR, robotic therapy, and FES in upper limb rehabilitation in post-stroke patients. Both studies demonstrated that this combination can significantly improve upper limb function and functional independence. [PERSON] et al. 's [33], 2018 study explores the effects of rehabilitation therapy using VR combined with FES on upper limb function in chronic stroke patients. Participants were randomized into two groups: an intervention group receiving combined therapy (VR and FES) and a control group receiving conventional therapy. The intervention group showed significant improvements in movement performance and hand dexterity comparedto the control group, with Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA) scores for the distal portion and Jebsen Taylor Test (JTT) scores increasing significantly, thus achieving a significant improvement in motor function. These studies collectively underscore the potential of innovative technologies such as VR, robotic therapy, and FES in rehabilitating upper limbs in post-stroke patients.