## 3 Results and Discussion  
The calculated parameters of shock waves at the boundary of the explosion cavity were compared with experimental data from a previous study [21]. Figure 3 shows the experimental and calculated points. Experimental data were obtained for trotyl as an explosive (Table 1) in different types of rocks (diabase, granite, crystalline limestone, limestone) (Table 2). Figure 3: Comparison of experimental and calculated data. Dependence of the ratio of pressure transmission into rock on the impedances of the rock and explosive. Figure 2: A block diagram of the solutionThe ratio of pressure transmission is determined:  
\[K_{R}=\frac{P_{f}}{P_{d}}.\]  
The impedance of the rock is determined:  
\[I_{R}=\rho_{m}\ C_{p}.\]  
The impedance of the explosive is determined:  
\[I_{E}=\rho_{vv}\ D.\]  
Therefore, the experimental data are consistent with the calculated data (Figure 3). This method was used to calculate the refraction parameters of the detonation wave of emulsion explosives. The following explosives were selected: Nitronite E-70, Emulsolite A-20 and ANFO. Nitronite E-70 is an emulsion explosive designed for blasting operations in open-cut mining fields for rocks with a strength coefficient of up to 20 on the Protodyakonov scale. It is a mechanical mixture of an emulsion, porous granular ammonium nitrate, diesel fuel and a gas-generating agent. An analog of Nitronite E-70 is Emulsolite A-20, but they differ in the content of the gas-generating agent: for Nitronite E-70, the gas-generating agent is one percent of the emulsion volume, and for Emulsolite A-20, it is one percent of the total volume. Moreover, of the two explosives, Emulsolite is more energetic due to its higher charging density and heat of explosion. ANFO is a granular explosive and is a stoichiometric mixture of ammonium nitrate and diesel fuel. This explosive is not water-resistant, but it is cheaper to manufacture than emulsion explosives, so a granular explosive is always used in mining. As mentioned earlier, since these explosives are initiated with the use of a booster explosive charge in the mining industry, the shock wave detonation mechanism is implemented; therefore, the equation of state (1) is used to determine the parameters of the detonation wave. With this type of initiation, the heat required to start the detonation according to the \"hot spot\" mechanism is absent, but the shock pressure in the explosive increases very rapidly, reaching the maximum value within 12 microseconds. The main detonation characteristics of the analyzed explosives, which are presented in Table 3, were used as data for the computation. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Type of Explosive**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Main Characteristics**} & \multirow{2}{*}{\(\gamma\)} & \(\mathbf{u_{d}\)} & \(\mathbf{P_{d}}\) \\ \cline{2-2} \cline{4-6}  & \(\rho_{\mathbf{vv}}\) & \(\mathbf{Q}\) & \(\mathbf{D}\) & **[m/s]** & **[m/s]** & **[GPa]** \\ \hline Granulotole & 1600 & 4600 & 7000 & 3.19 & 1668 & 3.37 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Detonation characteristics of trotyl. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Rock**} & \(\rho_{\mathbf{m}}\) & \(C_{p}\) & \multirow{2}{*}{**Poisson Ratio**} \\  & [kg/m\({}^{3}\)] & [m/s] & & \\ \hline Diabase & 3300 & 6000 & 0.15 \\ Granite & 2650 & 5100 & 0.2 \\ Crystalline limestone & 2800 & 4300 & 0.23 \\ Limestone & 2500 & 3000 & 0.25 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Physical–mechanical properties of the rocks. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline  & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Ratio of Pressure Transmission**} \\ \cline{2-4}
**Rock** & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Nitronite E-70**} & **Emulsolite A-20** & **ANFO** \\ \hline Granite & 1.71 & 1.77 & 1.7 \\ Sandstone & 1.43 & 1.46 & 1.46 \\ Silstone & 1.37 & 1.41 & 1.42 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 6: Ratio of pressure transmission into rocks.