# 3 GPP 5G V2X Error Correction Coding for Various Propagation Environments: A QoS Approach
## 5 Simulation Results
### Required Transmitter Power for Minimum Reliability
Therefore,  
\[P_{R}=r_{b}\times N_{0}\times\bigg{(}\frac{E_{b}}{N_{0}}\bigg{)}. \tag{2}\]  
In real communication systems, there is always a difference between the actual and the ideal receiver, which is modeled as an extra factor of degradation of the \(E_{b}/N_{0}\) at the receiver, called the noise figure \(F\). In 5G V2X communication systems, the noise figure is set to 9 dB [9]. Additionally, the noise power spectral density \(N_{0}\) for thermal white noise is \(-174\) dBm. Taking these values into account and presenting Equation (2) in dBm, it follows that:  
\[P_{R}^{\text{dBm}}=10 log_{10}r_{b}-165+\bigg{(}\frac{E_{b}}{N_{0}}\bigg{)}^{ \text{dB}}. \tag{3}\]  
As a result, using the relation (1), the transmitted power in dBm is:  
\[P_{T}^{\text{dBm}}=PL^{\text{dB}}+10 log_{10}r_{b}-165+\bigg{(}\frac{E_{b}}{N_{ 0}}\bigg{)}^{\text{dB}}, \tag{4}\]  
where \(PL^{\text{dB}}\) is calculated from Table 5 for each system model simulation scenario. Equation (4) is used to calculate the minimum required transmitter power that achieves the minimum reliability requirements for each QoS scenario. In Equation (4), we assume that the transmitter and receiver have the maximum possible distance and data rate, according to the specifications of each QoS scenario. Also, the \(E_{b}/N_{0}\) is the minimum that satisfies the reliability requirements according to the previous subsection. Figure 5 presents the minimum power requirements for each QoS scenario of Table 2 for all system model simulation scenarios of Table 1 and for all coding schemes. From this figure, we deduce that all system model scenarios, except S4 (urban-NLOS), satisfy the reliability criterium in practice since they require a transmitter power of less than 23 dBm, which is the specified power for 5G V2X communications below 6 GHz. System scenario S4 requires power less than 23 dBm only in QoS scenario Q4 (Figure 5d), mainly because of the small data rate and the short distance between the transmitter and the receiver. In all \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**NLOSv Cases**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**NLOSv Additional Blockage Loss**} \\  & \(max(0,\kappa)\), \(\kappa\)-\(Lognormal\big{(}\mu_{\kappa}\sigma_{\mathbf{a}}^{2}\big{)}\) \\ \cline{2-4}  & **Mean \(\mu_{a}\)** & **Std. Deviation \(\sigma_{\mathbf{a}}\)** \\ \hline \(max\{h_{T},h_{R}\}<h_{B}\) & \(\mu_{a}=9+max(0,15 log_{10}d-41)\) & \(\sigma_{a}=4.5\) \\ \hline \(min\{h_{T},h_{R}\}>h_{B}\) & \(\mu_{a}=0\) & \(\sigma_{a}=0\) \\ \hline else & \(\mu_{a}=5+max(0,15 log_{10}d-41)\) & \(\sigma_{a}=4\) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: NLOSv additional blockage loss. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Channel State**} & **Traffic Model** & **Average Path Loss (dB)** \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{LOS} & urban & \(PL^{dB}=38.77+16.7 log_{10}d+18.2 log_{10}f_{c}\) \\ \cline{2-3}  & highway & \(PL^{dB}=32.4+20 log_{10}d+20 log_{10}f_{c}\) \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{NLOSv} & urban & \(PL^{dB}=38.77+16.7 log_{10}d+18.2 log_{10}f_{c}+4.67\) \\ \cline{2-3}  & highway & \(PL^{dB}=32.4+20 log_{10}d+20 log_{10}f_{c}+\chi_{sf}+4.67\) \\ \hline NLOS & urban & \(PL^{dB}=36.85+30 log_{10}d+18.9 log_{10}f_{c}\) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 5: Average path loss in V2X communication models. other QoS scenarios, the required power of system scenario S4 is much larger, indicating the inability of the NLOS channel to respond over long distances, which is expected, since in an NLOS environment, communication is possible over very short distances. Therefore, the minimum transmitted requirements are reached in the urban-NLOS scenario only for small distances. Figure 5: _Cont._  
Q1 and Q4 are the most power-effective QoS scenarios, mainly because they have small data rates and low-to-medium reliability requirements. Additionally, QoS scenario Q5 has small power needs, due to its low reliability requirements, although it has high data rate requirements and a long range.