## 2 Related Work
[12] carried out a study on network applications for WSN and routing protocols that were energy efficient. Network applications were categorized according to complications in designing protocols for homogeneous proactive networks. The authors suggested that power overload and route selection were the most effective aspects to consider for achieve useful life and efficiency of the network. According to them, for routing protocols, the main factors that affect the energy efficiency of the network are the following: (i) long periods of operation of the sensor; (ii) limited energy of the sensors; (iii) environmental factors; (iv) nature of the environment whose variables are going to be measured; (v) flow of information from many devices to where data are centralized; and (vi) random deployment of sensors usually used in many applications. This resulted in fault tolerance and overload on network during configuration and reset, and route selection for data transmission. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [13] proposed the SD-WSNs configuration protocol for data transmission by applying the software-defined networking (SDN) in WSNs. This protocol was designed to be used for energy efficiency, routing, mobility, QoS, and reliability topics. In that algorithm, the centralized controller generated energy savings in each sensor node because: (a) each sensor node was in charge of complying with QoS; (b) sensor nodes collaborated with each other for routing decisions; (c) sensor nodes needed to send broadcast messages to their neighbors to find them and estimate the active time of each sensor node; (d) there were the same security threats anywhere on the network; (e) interaction among the sensor nodes determined where they should move; (f) the sensor nodes must interact with each other to better location and higher transfer power; (g) all sensor nodes may fail to direct traffic; and (h) interaction among all sensor nodes made it efficient to manage the WSN. Therefore, the development and application of routing configuration protocols in WSNs is encouraging to contribute to energy savings in this type of network, by avoiding redundant communication among the sensor nodes through intelligent operation. [PERSON] et al. [14] developed the learning automaton based topology control (LBLATC) protocol to configure routing in WSNs from the idea that a lower range to transmit data made the most of the resources of each sensor node and, consequently, reduced its energy consumption. In that algorithm, the learning automaton of each sensor node allowed one to choose the lowest-transmission range based on the signal strength generated by the learning automaton of its neighboring sensor nodes. By simulating the LBLATC performance, an increase in the performance of the WSNs of 15% compared to other protocols was obtained, making possible to save energy and extend the useful life of these networks, since as few links as possible were used during data transmission. However, they did not consider the mobility of the sensor nodes within the network, since this property of the network topology allows the sensor nodes to move from one region to another within the same WSN. [PERSON] [15] developed the reliable routing distributed learning automaton (RRDLA) algorithm to streamline the performance of the network, and therefore reduce energy consumption within it, by means of the modeling and simulation about the way parameters were connected taking into account the following constraints: end-to-end delay, packet delivery rate, network lifetime, and the number of times the data were transmitted. the smallest number of nodes required with dynamic and highly reliable links to achieve the optimal route that would allow routing in the WSN, during the transfer of information, to comply with the Quality of Service (QoS) restrictions in the delivery of end-to-end data, was found.