# White Grape Ponace Valorization for Remediating Purposes
## 3 Results
### Wastewater Application Results  
The investigation aimed to determine the pomace extract's influence on hep wastewater parameters. For nine days, the study developed the interval intended to determine the wastewater quality parameter change. The results obtained showed modifications of the wastewater parameters only during the first five days of monitoring.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**Sample, [mg/mL]** & **Ethanol-Water** & **Water** \\ \hline PRE & 0.004 & 0.005 \\ PDE & 0.023 & 0.040 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} \({}^{\dagger}\)IC 50: Half of the maxim inhibitory concentration.  
\end{table}
Table 4: IC 50 \({}^{\dagger}\) values for superoxide radical-scavenging activity.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**Sample** & **Inhibition Percentage** & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Pesticide Concentration (Expressed in nmol Chloryprifos-oxone Equivalent)**} \\ \hline PLS 2 & 16.70 \(\pm\) 0.71 & 0.262 \(\pm\) 0.015 \\ PLU 2 & 20.00 \(\pm\) 0.62 & 0.583 \(\pm\) 0.032 \\ PRS 2 & 21.43 \(\pm\) 0.92 & 0.723 \(\pm\) 0.034 \\ PRU 2 & 30.00 \(\pm\) 0.44 & 1.564 \(\pm\) 0.043 \\ PDU 2 & 7.40 \(\pm\) 0.43 & 0.112 \(\pm\) 0.002 \\ PDS 2 & 4.76 \(\pm\) 0.25 & 0.074 \(\pm\) 0.001 \\ PLS 1 & n.d. \({}^{*}\) & n.d. \\ PLU 1 & n.d. & n.d. \\ PLE 1 & n.d. & n.d. \\ PLE 2 & n.d. & n.d. \\ PRE 2 & n.d. & n.d. \\ PDE 2 & n.d. & n.d. \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} \({}^{*}\)n.d.—not detected.  
\end{table}
Table 5: Correlation between the percentage of inhibition and organophosphorus compounds concentration.  
The pH values remain almost constant during the observation of approximately five units (figure not shown). Such results sustain the possibility of using the treated waters in further treatments as it will not influence the pH of the natural water bodies.  
The pomace extract enhanced the turbidity of the sample after the first day (Figure 8). The formation of different assembling structures may determine the rising values observed for the samples treated at room temperature. We assume that the formation of the agglomerates might arise due to the presence of pectins in the wastewater and their precipitation after the addition of the hydroalcoholic extracts [57]. The advantage of such a mechanism creates the possibility of easier discharge for the formed colloids. In addition, the wastewaters could be considered for reuse after other processes for the water clarification.  
The general tendency for the dissolved oxygen quantity measured is to descend (Figure 9). It may be determined by the presence of the remanent yeast from the hemp wastewaters. A different behavior has the sample macerated with ultrasound. To fully understand the possible interactions, further additional investigations are necessary. For the moment, it can be considered that the activity of yeasts might be negatively affected by the ultrasound treatment.  
Figure 8: Turbidity evolution during the period analyzed. PRE-hydroalcoholic extract of refrigerated pomace; PDE-hydroalcoholic extract of dry pomace; PLE-hydroalcoholic extract of lyophilized pomace; PLU-hydroalcoholic ultrasound macerate of lyophilized pomace; PLS- hydroalcoholic stirred macerate of lyophilized pomace.  
Figure 9: Dissolved oxygen evolution during the period analyzed. PRE-hydroalcoholic extract of refrigerated pomace; PDE-hydroalcoholic extract of dry pomace; PLE-hydroalcoholic extract of lyophilized pomace; PLU-hydroalcoholic ultrasound macerate of lyophilized pomace; PLS-hydroalcoholic stirred macerate of lyophilized pomace.  
Depending on the intended further use of the wastewaters, the results shown in Figure 10 offer a solid base for its reintegration. The registered values are lower compared with the ones for the untreated sample (blank).