## 5 Conclusions  
Extraction and characterization of alginate from _S. duplicatum_ and okra fruit extracts were carried out to determine the potentiality of them as an absorber of the wound and their antioxidant activity. The novelty of this research lies in the healing activity of open wounds from a combination of alginate and okra fruit extracts. Topical formulations are more effective when alignates are combined with okra fruit extracts because of the alginate can stabilize flavonoids, so it increased wound absorber and their antioxidant properties. The results show an improvement of the re-epithelialization of the wound area, the recruitment of neutrophil, macrophages, fibrocytes, fibroblasts and increased collagen densities as parameters that plays an important role in the wound-healing process.  
Further research and a more detailed analysis of the characterization of alginate structures to determine the role of alginate as an antioxidant agent in the combination of topical formulations for open wounds healing are needed. Moreover, variations of doses need to be done for further research to determine the optimum dose of the extract combination in open wound healing of diabetic mice. Hence, it would help to provide more insight of the mechanism of action this combination extracts on the process of diabetic wound healing.  
This paper is a part of master's degree thesis. Conceptualization, P.P. and D.W.; methodology, Z.N.I. and S.A.H.; software, Z.N.I.; validation, D.W., A.P. and S.A.H.; formal analysis, Z.N.I., A.P. and M.V.; investigation, Z.N.I.; resources, Z.N.I., P.A.C.W. and M.A.A.; data curation, Z.N.I.; writing--original  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Group Treatment**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Collagen Densities (\%)**} \\ \cline{2-4}  & **Day 3** & **Day 7** & **Day 14** \\ \hline Normal (NC) & 56.0 \(\pm\) 4.3 & 81.0 \(\pm\) 6.4 & 86.0 \(\pm\) 1.9 \\ Diabetic (DC) & 30.0 \(\pm\) 0.6 & 35.0 \(\pm\) 0.1 & 50.0 \(\pm\) 4.9 \\ Alginate ointment (DA) & 42.0 \(\pm\) 3.8 & 59.0 \(\pm\) 0.8 & 76.0 \(\pm\) 0.3 \\ Alginate–okra ointment (DAO) & 52.0 \(\pm\) 6.4 * & 80.0 \(\pm\) 0.3 ** & 87.0 \(\pm\) 0.6 ** \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}  
* Letter notation on the table shows the result of the statistical test (\(\alpha<0.05\)). (*) and (**) notation shows insignificant differences with NC, but significant differences with DC.
* = 0.01 \(\leq\alpha<0.05\); *
* = \(\alpha\leq 0.01\).  
\end{table}
Table 8: Counts considering the mean and standard deviation of collagen densities.  
draft preparation, Z.N.I.; writing--review and editing, P.P., K.A. and D.M.; visualization, Z.N.I.; supervision, P.P. and D.W.; project administration, Z.N.I., P.A.C.W., S.A.H.; funding acquisition, P.P. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
This research was funded by Innovation and Research Center, Airlangga University, Grant Number 1408/UN3/2019 and The APC was funded by Innovation and Research Center, Airlangga University. A.P. thanks the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) for the funding through the Erwin Schrodinger Fellowship, grant agreement: J4014-N34.  
The author would like to thank Innovation and Research Center, Airlangga University for supporting this research through Mandat Research Grant, Airlangga University FY 2019 and [PERSON] from the CNAP of the University of York for access to the SEC-MALLS system.  
The authors declare no conflict of interest.