## 4 Conclusions and Discussion  
This study investigates the decadal variability (1991-2000, 2001-2010, and 2011-2020) of tropical cyclone (TC) genesis factors over the Arabian Sea (AS) during the post-monsoon season. It reveals a significant trend in ocean-atmospheric conditions that have facilitated TC formation and intensification over the past three decades. The findings indicate that warm sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies, particularly over the AS, play a crucial role in driving increased moisture content and convection, which enhances the likelihood of TC development and rapid intensification before landfall. Key environmental factors such as low-level vorticity, vertical wind shear (VWS), relative humidity (RH), intensification and widening of the Subtropical Westerly Jet (STWJ), and potential instability have shown distinct shifts over time, with the 2012-2021 decade experiencing the most favorable conditions for cyclogenesis. Figure 12: OND decadal climatology of Subtropical Westerly Jet (STWJ) Stream during (**a**) 1992–2001, (**b**) 2002–2011, and (**c**) 2012–2021. The spatial and temporal analysis of SST, atmospheric circulation patterns, and cyclogenesis parameters underscores a decadal shift towards more frequent and intense cyclones over the AS. This is evidenced by the increased occurrence of very severe cyclones (VSCs) during recent years, which have been linked to higher moisture availability, increased wind shear, and variations in the STWJ. The combination of warming in the Indian Ocean and improved conditions for cyclone intensification highlights the growing impact of climate variability on regional cyclone behavior. Overall, this study emphasizes that the AS has become increasingly prone to cyclonic activity due to the favorable interplay of oceanic warming and atmospheric dynamics. This decadal shift in tropical cyclone activity raises concerns about the potential for more frequent and severe cyclones in the future, particularly as global warming continues to influence ocean-atmospheric interactions in the region. Understanding these changing environmental conditions is essential for improving cyclone prediction models and mitigating the impacts of future tropical storms. Further, the dominant effects of interannual variability of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), Atlantic Multi-decadal Oscillation (AMO), ENSO, and IOD teleconnections [44] on the number of TCs over the AS can be studied to comprehend the TC variability in detail. However, [PERSON] et al. [45] suggested that the tremendous rainfall brought by a TC over the AS can temporarily relieve drought conditions over Middle Eastern countries and thus benefit residents and agriculture in the vicinity. Some of the notable findings from this research are as follows:  
The shifting in cyclone formation and its intensification is linked to regional warming and the availability of moisture supply in the AS, especially over the western region in the 2012-2021 decade compared to the previous one (2002-2011). In recent years (2012-2021), the SST (24.62%) and mid-tropospheric RH (5.86%) have shown increased trends that may be attributed to the enhancement of cyclone intensification over the AS. Warm SST, enhanced moisture, favorable wind shear (0 to 5 m/s range), low-level vorticity in the AS (north of \(10^{\circ}\) N), and a stronger and northward shift of the Asian Jet Stream in recent decades made favorable conditions for the genesis of more cyclones in the AS basin. In contrast, variations in storm intensity patterns are more likely to result from changes in SST and winds over the large areas traversed by mature cyclones. Both formation and maximum intensity may be related to warm SST anomalies and moisture transfer from the surface to the mid-tropospheric level due to maximum low-level vorticity.