# Methodology to Assess Sustainable Mobility in LATAM Cities
## 5 Final Remarks  
In this work, a methodology to assess sustainable urban mobility in urban centers was proposed. It takes into consideration the unique circumstances of LATAM cities (mobility based on buses, spread cities located in mountainous regions, and low-income population living in the outskirts of the city). This methodology was applied to the city of Saltillo, which is a typical, medium size, LATAM city.  
The proposed methodology evaluates five pillars that influence the sustainable mobility of people and goods within the city: (i) accessibility to mobility, (ii) government structure related to mobility, (iii) environmental impact of the transport system, and (iv) driving patterns. For each pillar, several categories were considered, and for each category, metrics of evaluation (key performance indicators- KPIs) were defined (Table 3). Finally, urban mobility is evaluated by comparing each \(\textit{KPI}_{i}\) with a reference value. The qualification of sustainable mobility is obtained as the average value of the normalized \(\textit{KPI}_{i}\) on a scale from 0 to 100%.  
This methodology is based on methodologies previously reported in the literature. It looks after a reproducible and objective method to evaluate sustainable mobility at a reduced cost by using state of the art in information technology. However, looking forward to a uniform, well-accepted, and eventually, in a standardized methodology to access sustainable mobility in any city, additional work is needed to resolve the following issues: (i) The identification of a reduced number of KPIs that genuinely capture the effects of the relevant categories on sustainable mobility. (ii) The KPIs should be evaluated through well-established procedures and based on data easy to obtain at a reduced incremental cost. (iii) The establishment of appropriate reference values for each \(\textit{KPI}_{i}\).  
We suggested the use of web map services to evaluate the infrastructure for mobility available in the city; the use of telematics data to evaluate the average speed and real fuel consumption; results from the air quality monitoring network to evaluate the city's air quality; and results from the inspection and maintenance program to evaluate the tailpipe emissions from the circulating vehicles. As a first approximation, reference values for each \(KPl_{i}\) were obtained from cities similar to Saltillo that are considered as having a good performance on the corresponding category.  
Further work is required to include in the methodology additional KPIs and reference values to evaluate the degree of smartness of the mobility in the city under assessment. Moreover, additional work is required to convert the mobility assessment methodology into an MRS (monitoring and reporting system) that continuously evaluates the effects on mobility of the strategies that the city's government is implementing.  
Conceptualization, J.I.H., S.S., T.F., X.G. and R.C.; methodology, J.I.H., S.S., T.F., Software, J.I.H., S.S., T.F., O.S.-G., A.E.M., D.A.A.; validation, J.I.H., S.S., T.F., X.G., R.C.; formal analysis, J.I.H., S.S., T.F., X.G.; investigation, J.I.H., S.S., T.F., O.S.-G., A.E.M., D.A.A.; resources, N.A.; data curation, J.I.H., S.S., T.F., X.G., O.S.-G., A.E.M., D.A.A.; writing--original draft preparation, J.I.H., O.S.-G., A.E.M., D.A.A.; writing--review and editing, J.I.H., S.S., T.F., X.G., O.S.-G., A.E.M.; visualization, O.S.-G., A.E.M.; supervision, J.I.H.; project administration, J.I.H., S.S., T.F., X.G. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
Not applicable.  
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This work was sponsored by the German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, and Nuclear Safety; and CONACYT (Mexican Council for Science and Technology).  
The authors declare no conflict of interest.