# Concept for Generating Energy Demand in Electric Vehicles with a Model Based Approach
## 6 Conclusions and Perspective  
This work presents a concept for the generation of energy consumption of electric vehicles using a model-based approach. For this purpose, an algorithm (_RouteGenerator_) requests route data via APIs from different map services, navigation services and weather services and prepares this information for the simulation environment _CarMaker_. Within this simulation environment, a vehicle model and a driver model are generated in addition to the modeled route. The results from the simulation are compared with real world results from the NEDC test procedure and checked for congruency. The evaluation shows that the simulation results have a deviation of about \(1.21\%\). Since the focus of the test cycles like NEDC is generally on comparability and reproducibility and therefore do not always correlate with the real world results, further routes were tested and simulated. In order to represent a realistic driving experience, a round trip from Bruchsal to Karlsruhe and back to Bruchsal was modeled. This covers the different road types (highway, urban and extra-urban road) and thus also the typical speed ranges of a vehicle. The results of a test drive with a real BMW i3 serve as a reference. The simulation results show that the simulated values diverge by just \(1.92\%\) compared to the real measured values. The work shows that the simulation, compared with both synthetic test cycles and real test drives, comes to a small deviation in the single-digit percentage range from the reference values. The concept thus offers the possibility to realistically simulate the energy consumption of vehicles on different routes. To further increase the accuracy of the simulation results, it could be interesting to specify the various components of the vehicle model in more detail. First of all, a more detailed powertrain model including parameterization (engine parameters from the engine test bench and data for the battery from a pulse discharge test) would be a possibility to create a more realistic model. In addition, the determined material properties of the real components could be used to represent the temperature dependence in the powertrain in more detail. This would make it possible, for example, to simulate the lifetime of the battery with this concept.  
Conceptualization, T.N., R.K. and D.C.; methodology, T.N.; software, T.N.; validation, T.N.; investigation, T.N.; resources, R.K. and D.C.; data curation, T.N.; writing--original draft preparation, T.N.; writing--review and editing, T.N., R.K. and D.C.; visualization, T.N.; supervision, R.K. and D.C.; project administration, T.N., R.K. and D.C.; All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. This work was carried out as part of VEHICLE project, sponsored by INTERREG V A Upper Rhine Programme--Der Oberrhein wachst zusammen: mit jedem Projekt, European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) and Franco-German regional funds (Baden-Wurttemberg, Rhineland-Palatinate and Grand Est). This work has been supported by the EIPHI Graduate School (contract ANR-17-EURE-0002) and the Region Bourgogne Franche-Comte.