## 2 Research Methodology
### Construction of an Ecological Sensitivity Evaluation System  
#### 2.2.1 Selection of Evaluation Factors  
Many factors influence ecosystem sensitivity, such as temperature, precipitation, vegetation, soil, land use type, etc. The influencing factors in different regions are different, and the ecological factors acting on different ecological processes are also different. In general, the most significant factors affecting ecological sensitivity are natural environmental conditions and human disturbances, so these two types were used as the criteria for ecological sensitivity evaluation in this study. In addition, the general evaluation content of ecosystem sensitivity stipulated in Interim Technical Regulations For Ecological Function Zoning (ITREFZ), issued by the Ministry of Ecology and Environmental of China [15], includes soil erosion sensitivity, salimization sensitivity, desertification sensitivity, and acid rain sensitivity. Considering the characteristics of this region, soil erosion was chosen as the third evaluation criterion. This study followed the basic principles of scientific, representative, relevant, comprehensive, and operable evaluation indicators, and, combined with the characteristics of the Tumen River Basin, we finally selected 11 ecological sensitivity factors. Temperature, precipitation, and elevation are the basic elements of natural environmental conditions. Water \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline
**Data Content** & **Type** & **Source** & **Resolution/Scale** & **Purpose** \\ \hline Temperatures & Raster image & WorldClim (www.worldclim.org, accessed on 12 September 2022) & 1 km & Produce a multi-year average temperature factor \\ Precipitation & Raster image & WorldClim (www.worldclim.org, accessed on 13 September 2022) & 1 km & Produce a multi-year average annual precipitation factor \\  & & Geospatial Data Cloud (China, gcloud.cn, accessed on 15 September 2022) & 30 m & Produce factors of elevation and topographic relief \\  & & National Catalogue Service For Geographic Information (China, www.webmap.cn, accessed on 8 October 2022), OSM & 1:1,000,000 & Produce factor of distance to water \\  & & & ([[https://www.openstreetmap.org](https://www.openstreetmap.org)]([https://www.openstreetmap.org](https://www.openstreetmap.org)), accessed on 20 September 2022), & & \\ Land use types & Raster image & Globalmod & & \\  & & ([[http://globallandcover.com/](http://globallandcover.com/)]([http://globallandcover.com/](http://globallandcover.com/)), accessed on 15 September 2022) & 30 m & Produce factor of land use, and extract construction land data to produce \\  & & National Catalogue Service For Geographic Information (China, www.webmap.cn, accessed on 8 October 2022), OSM & 30 m & factor of distance to construction land \\  & & & & \\ Roads & Vector data & & & \\  & & & & \\  & & & & \\  & & & & \\  & & & & \\  & & & & \\  & & & & \\ Rainfall erosivity & Raster image & [[http://www.geodata.cn/](http://www.geodata.cn/)]([http://www.geodata.cn/](http://www.geodata.cn/)), accessed on 14 & 0.01\({}^{\circ}\) & Produce factor of rainfall erosivity \\  & & September 2022 & & \\ Soil texture & Raster image & & & \\  & & & & \\  & & & & \\  & & & & \\  & & & & \\  & & & & \\ \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Data sources and description. is the lifeblood of the ecosystem, and the distance to the water is also an important factor affecting ecological sensitivity [2]. Therefore, we selected the mean annual temperature, annual precipitation, elevation, and distance to water to form the evaluation criteria for the natural environment. The disturbance from human activity is mainly in the form of the use of land resources, and disturbance around construction land and road perimeters [13; 24]. Here, we selected land use type, distance to construction land, and distance to roads to form the evaluation criteria for human disturbance.