## 4 Results
### Thermal Changes in Microclimate Parameters of the Study Area  
1. In terms of surface temperature, the lowest temperatures within the study area are observed in the grassland on both sides of the sidewalk, with a minimum surface temperature of 32.08 \({}^{\circ}\)C recorded at noon. Conversely, the highest surface temperatures are predominantly found on asphalt roads, reaching up to 54.68 \({}^{\circ}\)C. Notably, impermeable pavements like asphalt roads and interlocking bricks exhibit higher surface temperatures compared to grassland, as shown in Figure 6.
2. Regarding humidity, the average relative humidity in the study area at 13:00 is approximately 62.67%. The lowest humidity within the study area is observed above the asphalt road, with levels dropping to 52.07%. Conversely, the highest humidity is primarily situated on the north side of the trees, above the grass, reaching up to 68.59%, as shown in Figure 6.
3. Regarding wind speed, the average recorded at 13:00 was 1.31 m/s. The lowest wind speeds within the study area were primarily observed on the leeward side of the tree group. Conversely, the highest wind speeds were noted at the western edge of the study range, reaching up to 1.58 m/s, as shown in Figure 7.  
In regard to mean radiant temperature (MRT), the MRT recorded in the study area at 13:00 is 49.79 \({}^{\circ}\)C. The highest MRT within the overall study range is primarily observed on the asphalt pavement on the south side of the trees, with an average of 52.23 \({}^{\circ}\)C. Conversely, the lowest MRT is mainly found under the shade of trees, registering at 43.78 \({}^{\circ}\)C, as shown in Figure 7.
* Regarding thermal comfort, the current average Physiological Equivalent Temperature (PET) in the study area at 13:00 is as high as 47.09 \({}^{\circ}\)C, indicating a \"very hot\" state according to thermal sensation classifications. The highest PET area is primarily observed on the asphalt pavement, reaching a maximum PET of 49.65 \({}^{\circ}\)C. Conversely, the lowest PET within the overall study range is predominantly found under the shade of trees, with a minimum PET of 43.62 \({}^{\circ}\)C, as shown in Figure 8.  
Based on the analysis of the microclimate data above, it is evident that impermeable pavement significantly contributes to the poor thermal comfort in this study area. Both asphalt and interlocking brick pavements exhibit the highest surface temperatures. The presence of impermeable pavement elevates the overall air temperature, with a gradual decrease observed in air temperature distribution from the center of the asphalt pavement outward.  
Regarding Mean Radiant Temperature (MRT), the data indicate that areas shaded by vegetation experience lower MRT, leading to reduced MRT on local sidewalks. MRT distribution beneath tree shade is notably lower compared to the surrounding areas. Wind speed influences MRT, resulting in higher MRT in the absence of trees. In terms of relative humidity, planting significantly impacts relative humidity, leading to higher levels on sidewalks. Relative humidity decreases outward from the center of grass areas. Wind speed on the sidewalk is influenced by tree arrangement and planting configuration, causing a reduction in wind speed and an eastward decrease along the sidewalk. Overall, the thermal comfort of the sidewalk is notably impacted by the impermeable pavement in the surrounding environment.