The Interference Effects of Wind Load and Wind-Induced Dynamic Response of Quayside Container Cranes  
[PERSON]  
1 School of Civil Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150006, China 1  
[PERSON]  
2 Key Laboratory of Structures Dynamic Behavior and Control of Ministry of Education, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China 23 Key Lab of Smart Prevention and Mitigation of Civil Engineering Disasters of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China 3  
[PERSON]  
2 Key Laboratory of Structures Dynamic Behavior and Control of Ministry of Education, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China 2  
[PERSON]  
4 Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection in Water Transport Engineering Ministry of Transport, Tianjin Research Institute for Water Transport Engineering, Ministry of Transport of People's Republic of China, Tianjin 300456, China 4  
[PERSON]  
4 Correspondence: [EMAIL_ADDRESS]; Tel. : +86-136-7466-517844  
impact of wind load on quayside container cranes, wind tunnel tests and CFD simulations were conducted ([PERSON], [PERSON] & [PERSON] [13], [PERSON] & [PERSON] [14], [PERSON], [PERSON], & [PERSON] [15], [PERSON] & [PERSON] [16], [PERSON] & [PERSON] [17]). [PERSON] et al. [18] proposed a method to estimate the spatial distribution of wind loads on latticed towers and validated the method by performing wind tunnel tests. These studies mainly focused on the wind load and static wind-induced responses on the isolated crane, with no special consideration for exposure or shelter. The wind load, especially the fluctuating component, cannot be ignored in both the kinetic and dynamic characteristics of the quayside cranes. [PERSON] et al. [19] analyzed the dynamic runaway characteristics of quayside container cranes subjected to transient gusty winds and proposed the sliding state while approaching runaway and after runaway caused by a wind gust. [PERSON] et al. [20] studied the effect of stochastic dynamic transient gusty winds on the sliding and overturning of quayside container cranes and stated that dynamic transient gusty wind-induced peak response follows type III (Weibull) extreme value distribution. The above-mentioned studies employed wind loads and wind velocities according to the quasi-stationary assumption but ignored the spatial distribution of the wind loads. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [4] analyzed the dynamic wind effect of quayside container cranes in stationary and nonstationary wind fields and noted that the failure vulnerability might not be the maximum for the set of parameter values for which the aerodynamic forces are maximum. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [21] obtained the displacement of the latticed tower from nonlinear dynamic analysis. The result shows the displacements values obtained from time history analysis to be 5-28% higher than static displacements. [PERSON] et al. [22] conducted an aeroelastic lattice tower model in the wind tunnel test. The result shows that the resonance contribution is shown to reach a maximum of 18% of the peak response of the tower. The wind-induced interference effect (IE) provides information regarding how an engineering structure reacts to changing forces or surface pressure in the presence of surrounding structures under wind loads. The interference effect has been studied for various structures, such as scaffoldings [23], cooling towers [24; 25], tall buildings [26], and low-rise buildings [27; 28; 29; 30] with different roof types. However, studies on the interference effect in quayside container cranes are rarely found. Other studies of lattice towers focus on the influence of antennas ([PERSON] et al. [31], [PERSON] et al. [32], [PERSON] et al. [33]). The interference factor of microwave antenna dishes was found to be greater than one for some wind directions. This factor also depends on the solidity of the tower. However, studies on the interference effect among structures are scant.