## 2 Materials and Methods
### Method  
#### 2.3.1 Characterizing LPRO  
On the basis of the definition of LPRO and the conceptual framework for its operational mechanism and system optimization, this study selects 13 indicators from multiple perspectives, such as quantity, speed, space and structure, to characterize the LPR transfer link. Because the realization of the static direct value of LPRs runs parallel to the transfer of LPRs and has a profound impact on the macro effects, five indicators, such as the use value, price and income of LPRs, are considered. This study analyzes the development and utilization of LPRs by different social and economic sectors from the perspective of productivity organization. Based on the spatial economy, scale economy, structural economy and intensive economy formed by land use, this study analyzes the transformation, rationalization and advancement levels of industrial development and utilization after LPRs are obtained. Following the entire life cycle of administrative supervision, from China's LPR approval and licensing configuration to planning and control, development and utilization, economic and intensive assessment, and law enforcement supervision and judicial relief, 17 indicators from the aspects of LPR source control, market intervention, and economic and intensive management are selected to characterize the LPR supervision link (Table 2). \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l l l} \hline \hline
**Type** & **Name** & **Format** & **Source** \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{LPRO data} & Land transfer announcement & \multirow{2}{*}{Excel} & \multirow{2}{*}{Land Market Network} \\  & (2007–2021) & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: _Cont._ \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l l l} \hline \hline
**Variables** & **Index Description** & **R** & **VIF** \\ \hline \multicolumn{4}{c}{LPR transfer} \\ \hline Transfer scale & Scale of LPR transfer (ha) & 0.345 ** & 133.64 \\ Change rate of transfer scale & Annual change rate of LPR transfer scale (\%) & \(-\)0.036 * & 1.84 \\ Distance from city center & Distance of spatial distribution of LPR from city center (m) & \(-\)0.059 ** & 1.18 \\ Scale of commerce land & LPR transfer scale of commercial land (ha) & \(-\)0.110 ** & 9.21 \\ Scale of industry and mining land & LPR transfer scale of industrial and mining land (ha) & 0.288 ** & 13.30 \\ Scale of residential land & LPR transfer scale of residential land (ha) & 0.221 ** & 4.27 \\ Scale of public management land & LPR transfer scale of public management land (ha) & 0.446 ** & 4.07 \\ Scale of transportation land & LPR transfer scale of transportation land (ha) & 0.379 ** & 3.89 \\ Percentage of commerce land & Proportion of LPR transfer scale of commercial land (\%) & \(-\)0.059 ** & 7.64 \\ Percentage of industry land & Proportion of LPR transfer scale of industrial land (\%) & \(-\)0.155 ** & 8.27 \\ Percentage of residential land & Proportion of LPR transfer scale of residential land (\%) & \(-\)0.053 ** & 6.18 \\ Percentage of public management land & Proportion of transfer scale of public management land (\%) & \(-\)0.194 ** & 50.73 \\ Percentage of transportation land & Proportion of LPR transfer scale of transportation land (\%) & 0.108 ** & 7.63 \\ Scale of high-quality land & LPR transfer scale of high-quality land (ha) & \(-\)0.279 ** & 10.71 \\ Scale of medium-quality land & LPR transfer scale of medium-quality land (ha) & \(-\)0.332 ** & 5.56 \\ Scale of low-quality land & LPR transfer scale of low-quality land (ha) & \(-\)0.069 ** & 2.26 \\ Land price & Market price of LPR transfer (CNY/ha) & 0.779 ** & 2.06 \\ Transfer income & Income from LPR transfer (CNY) & 0.099 ** & 1.58 \\ \hline \multicolumn{4}{c}{LPR utilization} \\ \hline Transformation index & Transformation degree of industrial utilizing LPR (-) & 0.116 ** & 1.13 \\ Rationalization index & Rationalization level of industrial utilizing LPR (-) & \(-\)0.265 ** & 1.47 \\ Gentrification index & Advanced level of industrial utilizing LPR (-) & 0.730 ** & 2.24 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}