###### Abstract  
Loosening failure of bolted joints often occurs in a vibration environment. This may induce the separation of clamped components and even result in catastrophic consequences in certain situations. Various anti-loosening bolted connections have been developed and widely applied to prevent loosening. Tightening and fatigue resistance performances are also two important characteristics of anti-loosening bolted connections. However, a comprehensive comparison study of the tightening, anti-loosening, and fatigue resistance performances of typical anti-loosening bolted connections is lacking, meaning that there is a lack of material to assist in the selection of anti-loosening bolted connections in engineering. In this study, accurate three-dimensional finite element models of typical anti-loosening bolted connections with the forms of washers or nuts are established. The processes of tightening, vibration-induced loosening, and fatigue are simulated via finite element analysis (FEA). Based on the results of FEA, the tightening, anti-loosening, and fatigue resistance performances of regular bolted joints and several anti-loosening bolted connections are comprehensively compared. The results reveal that bolted joints installed with both a variable-diameter nut and an eccentric double nut are difficult to tighten. We confirm that the researched structures all have superior anti-loosening capacities compared to regular bolted joints. Additionally, the results show that the regular bolted joint achieved the worst fatigue resistance performance, i.e., the application of anti-loosening bolted connections improves fatigue resistance. Finally, the effects of preload distributions on the two nuts in bolted joints with double nuts are discussed in terms of tightening, anti-loosening, and fatigue resistance performances. b 2023 named [PERSON] [6] designed a machine to apply cyclic transversal vibration to bolted joints. The results showed that the preloads decreased rapidly and that complete loosening may occur under transversal vibration. With respect to the loosening mechanism of bolted joints under transversal vibration, explanations invoking complete slippage theory and local slippage accumulation theory have been proposed [7; 8]. Some theoretical models have been established based on the theory of complete slippage to explore the loosening process and its critical conditions under the influence of different factors [9; 10]. In 2002, [PERSON] and [PERSON] [11; 12] established a three-dimensional finite element model (FEM) of a bolted joint and simulated cyclic transversal vibration. They proposed the concept of local slippage accumulation by observing the contact states of thread and bearing surfaces during vibration. According to local slippage accumulation theory, local slippage in partial contact areas can accumulate and expand to complete slippage, causing continued loosening. This new loosening theory attracted extensive subsequent attention [13; 14; 15; 16; 17]. Recently, [PERSON] et al. [18; 19; 20] proposed modified Iwan models to represent local slippage behavior and provided new insights into loosening due to local slippage accumulation. The abovementioned research mainly focused on loosening owing to reverse rotation against the tightening direction. This is also called \"self-loosening\" [21]. Many researchers have also found that embedding loss [22], creep [23; 24], stress relaxation [25], cyclic plastic deformation [26], stress redistribution [27], and fretting wear [28; 29; 30] can induce preload loss (i.e., non-rotation loosening) during the service of bolted joints. In practical engineering applications, the questions of how to prevent loosening and improve the integrity and reliability of bolted joints are highly significant [31]. Some anti-loosening bolted connections are applied in place of regular bolted joints only consisting of nuts and bolts, as shown in Figure 2. There are three common forms.