## 2 Materials
### Sentinel-1 SAR Data
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & **Category** & **Name** & **Description** & **P1** & **P2/P3/P4** & **Range** & **Unit** \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{C-band} & Temperature & \(T_{i}\) & Temperature sum for root installation & 150 & 150 & \(\pm\)7.5\% & \({}^{\circ}\)C \\  & & \(T_{m}\) & Temperature sum to reach the maximum LAI & 1300 & 1300 & \(\pm\)5\% & \({}^{\circ}\)C \\  & & \(T_{m}\) & Temperature sum for crop maturity & 2050 & 2050 & \(\pm\)5\% & \({}^{\circ}\)C \\  & & \(T_{s}\) & Temperature sum for crop emergence & 100 & 100 & \(\pm\)10\% & \({}^{\circ}\)C \\  & & \(T_{d1}\) & Temperature sum for the 1 st critical stage & 900 & 900 & \(\pm\)10\% & \({}^{\circ}\)C \\  & & \(T_{d2}\) & Temperature sum for the 2 nd critical stage & 1700 & 1700 & \(\pm\)10\% & \({}^{\circ}\)C \\  & Soil & \(K_{m}\) & Easily usable reserve/field capacity & 0.66 & 0.68 & \(\pm\)7.5\% & - \\  & & \(P_{m}\) & Maximum profile and rooting depth & 1.20 & 1.10 & \(\pm\)7.5\% & m \\  & & \(V_{r}\) & Root growth rate & 1.50 & 1.50 & \(\pm\)10\% & cm\(\cdot\)d\({}^{-1}\) \\  & & \(\theta_{E}\) & Field capacity & 0.29 & 0.26 & \(\pm\)7.5\% & - \\  & & \(\theta_{ep}\) & Witting point & 0.12 & 0.10 & \(\pm\)7.5\% & - \\ Plant & \(a_{ap}\) & Controls the decrease of HI for low LAI values & 0.12 & 0.12 & \(\pm\)10\% & - \\  & & \(H_{lpr}\) & Potential harvest index (HI) & 0.52 & 0.52 & \(\pm\)7.5\% & - \\  & & \(K_{mux}\) & Maximum value for crop coefficient (K\({}_{c}\)) & 1.20 & 1.20 & \(\pm\)10\% & - \\  & & \(LAI_{mux}\) & Maximum LAI value & 5.00 & 4.50 & \(\pm\)7.5\% & - \\  & & \(LAI_{lpt}\) & Supposed HI-optimal LAI value & 2.50 & 2.50 & \(\pm\)10\% & - \\  & & \(G_{lu}\) & Percentage of grain humidity & 15 & 15 & \(\pm\)33\% & - \\  & & \(RUE\) & Radiation use efficiency & 1.35 & 1.35 & \(\pm\)7.5\% & - \\  & & \(\alpha_{1}\) & First shape parameter for LAI curves & 2.50 & 2.50 & \(\pm\)15\% & - \\  & & \(\alpha_{2}\) & Second shape parameter for LAI curves & 1.00 & 1.00 & \(\pm\)15\% & - \\  & & \(\beta\) & Third shape parameter for LAI curves & 2.50 & 2.50 & \(\pm\)15\% & - \\  & & \(\lambda\) & Hamfulness of the water stress & 1.25 & 1.10 & \(\pm\)10\% & - \\  & Management & - & Irrigation dose (applied at each irrigation) & 30 & 40 & 20-40 & mm \\  & & - & Dose applied at sowing & 30 & 40 & 25-35 & mm \\  & & - & Soil reserve when starting the simulation & 300 & 500 & Fixed & mm \\  & & - & Period allowed for irrigation (in days after sowing) & 140 & 115 & 120–160 & - \\  & & - & Much effect & 0 & 0–1 & - \\  & & - & Sowing day & 105 & 121 & 104–124 & - \\  & & - & Water reserve ratio that triggers irrigation & 70 & 68 & 53–72 & \% \\  & Crop development & _TT_ & Sum of temperature & - & 0.0–2250.0 & \({}^{\circ}\)C \\  & & \(K_{c}\) & Crop coefficient & - & - & 0.0–1.0 & - \\  & & \(C_{p}\) & Partition crop coefficient & - & - & 0.0–0.85 & - \\  & & \(Tp\) & Crop transpiration & - & - & 0.0–8.5 & mm\(\cdot\)d\({}^{-1}\) \\  & & \(Tp_{0}\) & Potential crop transpiration & - & - & 0.0–9.6 & mm\(\cdot\)d\({}^{-1}\) \\  & & \(H\)I & Harvest index & - & - & 0.4–0.61 & - \\ Water budget & \(R_{1}\) & Water reservoir of the first soil layer & - & - & 4.0–30.0 & mm \\  & & \(R_{2}\) & Water reservoir of the second soil layer & - & - & 45.0–204.0 & mm \\  & & \(R_{3}\) & Water reservoir of the third soil layer & - & - & 0.0–206.0 & mm \\  & & \(S^{3}w\) & Water stress index & - & - & 0.0–1.0 & - \\  & & \(E_{8}\) & Evaporation & - & - & 0.0–1.9 & mm\(\cdot\)d\({}^{-1}\) \\  & & \(E_{9}\) & Potential evaporation & - & - & 0.2–2.5 & mm\(\cdot\)d\({}^{-1}\) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Essential data sources for the model simulations categorized into parameters (plant, soil, temperature, and management controls) and variables (crop development and water budget variables). The reference values are provided in columns P1 (Montpellier) and P2/P3/P4 (Tarbes). Tarbes (P2) in June 2018. In Tarbes, S1 images from the same orbits as the P1 plot were acquired for P3 (2019) and P4 (2020).