## 2 Material and Methods  
### Initial Material Characterization  
The tensile stress-strain curve of a bending-dominated lattice's prime material is linear elastic with the modulus (E\({}_{\text{m}}\)) up to its elastic limit. At this point, the cell edges yield, buckle, and fracture. Regarding the reliability and correctness of experimental and numerical results in lattice mechanical response investigation, prime material characterization from which lattice structures were made. Acrylic Styrene Acrylonitrile (ASA) [28] filament was selected for material characterization. It is ASA Black filament, type F900-T16 Tip, manufactured by Stratasys (Eden Prairie, MN, USA), with yield strength (S\({}_{\text{y}}\)) of 32.8 MPa, elastic modulus (E\({}_{\text{m}}\)) of 2140 MPa, elongation at yield point (E\({}_{\text{y}}\)) of 2.5%, and elongation at break point (E\({}_{\text{b}}\)) of 5.9%. ASA black specimens for testing purposes were printed with 0.254 mm layer height. Due to the anisotropic nature of FDM, tensile curves are different depending on orientation. So, for the proposed methodology, specimens were tested in the printing direction since the intention is to ensure that specific determined stress conditions can be effectively applied to the macro design of a component. Pretty good mechanical properties define this FDM thermoplastic polymer, making it extremely powerful in this class. It was initially developed as an alternative to Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) [29], with a similar molecular structure but significant improvements. Due to its additional composition, which provides better resistance to ultra-violent radiation, it has become a widely used material in the industry. It is called an engineering plastic because it is impact-resistant and stable in different weather conditions, emphasizing that it can withstand high temperatures well. Due to the material's high glass transition temperature, a heated bed is required to print successfully. Thus, for the best results when printing with ASA, the printing speed was 50 mm/s, the extruder temperature was 245 \({}^{\circ}\)C, the bed temperature was 100 \({}^{\circ}\)C, and the heated chamber was enabled. As suggested by the ASA printing tips [30], to avoid initial layering problems, the extruder temperature processing parameter was decreased by 5 \({}^{\circ}\)C compared with the mid-range values. As the manufacturer declared, everything beyond these parameter processing values decreases the quality of the printed specimens. The most critical issues when working with ASA are the warping effects, so it must avoid high-temperature processing values. Thus, it is strongly recommended that these processing values be followed. Therefore, the prime's material characterization for determining the tensile properties was carried out per ISO 527-2 [31]. Specimens are firstly modeled following dimensions of specimen type 1A (Figure 1). FDM additive manufacturing method (AM) enabling Stratasys F270 from the F123 series, an industrial-grade device, was used in manufacturing testing specimens. Since FDM was selected to realize testing specimens, additive manufacturing was performed using a standardized [32] technique of dispensing thermoplastic polymer through a hot nozzle named Material Extrusion (MEX) [33]. MEX is a significant method characterized by its fundamental technical capabilities contributing to materials science [34]. Based on those capabilities, MEX allowed the development of the proposed design model through the following prototypes in this paper. According to standard guidelines, five specimen designs were printed using a solid infill structure with minimal support material usage. All specimens were transferred to the universal testing machine at standard room temperature. Testing equipment was based on the Shimadzu AGS-X machine (Kyoto, Japan) with TrapeziumX software v1.5.6 containing imported standardized testing rules following the ISO norm.