# A Monopole UWB Antenna for WIFI 7/Bluetooth and Satellite Communication
## 1 Introduction  
Rapid growth in global population in recent years has led to an increase in the number of various mobile devices, and these different devices communicate at different frequency bands [1]. Therefore, it is necessary to design a single terminal device that integrates multi-functional communication [2], and in this regard, a monopole UWB antenna is increasingly becoming the preferred solution [3]. For example, a monopole UWB antenna can cover multiple WiFi communication bands. In addition, other wireless communication bands, such as Bluetooth, 4G/5G, and satellite communication, should also be covered and integrated into a single terminal device. Hence, it is highly critical to study and design monopole UWB broadband antennas, in order to enable efficient modern-age communication networks. Microstrip patch antennas have been used in many wireless systems and are very popular, due to their low profile, small size, and ease of design and fabrication [4; 5; 6; 7]. In Ref. [8], coverage of 4G-LTE, WiMAX, WLAN, and S/C/X-bands was achieved by adding inverted-T-shaped stubs and E-shaped stubs to the ground of the etched rectangular slot. Moreover, rectangular slots were etched on the feeder to improve the impedance matching. In Refs. [9; 10; 11; 12], microstrip multiband antennas were developed by slotting the radiator or the ground. Particularly, in Ref. [9], dual-band operation was achieved using a radiator with an etched H slot, and coverage of the three bands (2.34-2.43 GHz, 3.4-4.2 GHz, 5.09-5.6 GHz) was achieved by adding a circular ground structure on the lower surface, which had a radius of 7.9 mm and a distance of 2.8 mm from the rectangular ground. In Ref. [10], the desired frequency band was obtained by increasing the total path length, by cutting two horizontal rectangular slots at the two diagonally opposite edges of the radiator. Subsequently, in Ref. [12], a novel common ground root structure was proposed to achieve high-isolation and high-gain characteristics. In addition, single-frequency to dual-frequency transition was achieved by etching L-shaped and inverted-L-shaped slots,and the bandwidth and gain were enhanced by using an etched annular ring with a leaf-like structure. Ref. [13] designed a dual circularly polarized broadband U-slit antenna to achieve a bandwidth of 1.8-6.61 GHz and a peak gain of 3.8 dBi. In Refs. [14; 15], ground slotting was utilized to achieve multi-frequency coverage, through L-shaped radiating patches on the surface. The performance of the circular polarization was improved by adding L-shaped branches in the square slot, allowing coverage for GPS, 5G, and WiFi 6E bands [14]. In [15], circularly polarized waves with different biases were generated by arranging the rectangular patches diagonally in the square slot. Ref. [16] proposed an omni-directional microstrip antenna, consisting of four shackles with different sizes and positions that were combined on the radiator, where different shackles were used to achieve different frequency bands. Ref. [17] presents a five-trap ultra-wideband antenna with WLAN and X-band suppression achieved by etching a C slot and an inverted-U slot in the Y-radiator and three symmetric C slots in the truncated floor to suppress ITU-8 bands, RN bands and WiMAX bands, ultimately achieving a bandwidth of 2-13 GHz with antenna gain of 2.1-4.51 dBi and omnidirectional co-polarized radiation in XOZ and YOZ. Ref. [18] proposed an ultra-wideband monopole antenna with three notches, and the antenna successfully isolates the WiMAX and WLAN bands by etching multiple rectangular slots in the middle of the initial radiator. In the upper part of the radiator, symmetrical three rectangles arranged at equal angles are connected by a centrally extended rectangular branch, and the notch is realized in the DSS frequency band. Ref. [19] proposed a circular microstrip patch antenna, increasing the bandwidth of the antenna by etching a crescent-shaped slot and a circular slot on the radiator and two I-shaped slots on the truncated floor.