## 1 Introduction
Under the same cutting conditions, the HEA demonstrated reduced tool wear and excellent homogeneity, with tool wear remaining below 50 \(\upmu\)m. [PERSON] et al. [15] conducted an end-face turning experiment on CoCrFeNi HEA to investigate the effects of different cutting speeds and tool materials on tool wear, surface roughness, and cutting force. The specimens were premachined by boring and internal turning to ensure constant cutting speeds in face cutting process. The HEA was then subjected to end-face turning using different tools (CBN, PCD diamond, CVD diamond, and tungsten carbide) and cutting speeds. Finally, a laser microscope was used to observe and measure tool wear and surface roughness. The results indicated that a cutting speed of 300 m/min yielded the best results in terms of surface roughness and tool wear, with surface roughness consistently maintained within the range of 0.2-0.3 \(\upmu\)m. Further detailed experimental tests could be conducted around the cutting speed of 300 m/min. Additionally, regardless of the cutting speed, CBN tools with higher boron nitride concentrations achieved better surface roughness and tool wear. [PERSON] et al. [16] investigated the mechanical response of AlCrCuFeNi HEA during nanoscale cutting using diamond tools under the influence of different vibration frequencies, amplitude ratios, and phase angles. Molecular dynamics simulations were employed to compare conventional cutting with ultrasonic elliptical vibration-assisted cutting (UEVAC). A detailed analysis was conducted on the effects of varying vibration frequencies, amplitude ratios, and phase angles, with a focus on cutting forces and temperature changes. The results revealed that under UEVAC conditions, the temperature of the HEA was significantly higher than that in conventional cutting, and it was increased with higher vibration frequencies and lower amplitude ratios. Additionally, structural evolution analysis indicated that UEVAC generated more amorphous structures. In terms of dislocation and strain evolution, grain boundaries were found to play a critical role in deformation behavior. Although the maximum cutting force in UEVAC was greater, the average cutting force in conventional cutting was higher overall. Furthermore, under UEVAC conditions, the average cutting force decreased with increasing vibration frequency and amplitude ratio. Finally, when the vibration frequency reached 150 GHz, the amplitude ratio was 4, and the phase angle was 75\({}^{\circ}\), a higher material removal rate and more intense plastic deformation were achieved, suggesting potential advantages for improving machining efficiency under these conditions. [PERSON] et al. [17] investigated the influence of process parameters on the surface properties of thermally sprayed AlCoCrFeNiTi coatings during turning. Experiments were conducted using CBN tools to perform external cylindrical turning on an aluminum alloy substrate coated with AlCoCrFeNiTi HEA. The effects of cutting speed and feed rate on surface properties were analyzed, while the cutting depth remained constant throughout the experiments. The results showed that increasing the cutting speed and reducing the feed rate led to a decrease in surface roughness parameters (Rz, Rvk) and valley void volume (Vvv), primarily due to a reduction in the proportion of pulled-out coating material. Additionally, compressive stresses were detected in the axial direction, with their absolute values decreasing as the cutting speed was increased. [PERSON] et al. [18] studied the effects of temperature and tool wear on HEA materials during the milling process, as well as the changes in hardness in the machining area. The cutting force, scrap aspect, and machined surface quality of HEA and 304 stainless steel using the same process parameters were compared. Further analysis was then conducted to assess the machinability of HEA. The experiments were conducted using a shank cutter and two PVTi-coated tungsten carbide inserts.