# Exploring the Typicality, Sensory Space, and Chemical Composition of Swedish Solaris Wines
## 1 Introduction  
The international wine market is continuously evolving. In the past 50 years, wine production has increased, and the import and export markets have significantly expanded, partly influenced by the evolution of international trends in wine consumption [1]. The economic development of certain countries has definitely been a key factor in the revolution of the international wine industry [2] and global warming has been pointed out as a contributing factor [3]. On the one hand, climate change is affecting the typicality of wines from traditional wine regions [4] and, therefore, the regional vitcilture strategies. In 2019, the Syndicat Viticole des Appellations d'Origine Controlee (AOC) Bordeaux and Bordeaux Superieur allowed the plantation of new cultivars such as Marselan and Tinta Barocca for red grapes, and Albarifio for white [5]. Moreover, the continuous rise in global temperatures is leading to the appearance of new wine-producing regions/countries, challenging the traditional classification of the \"old world\" (i.e., Spain, France, or Italy among other European countries) or the \"new world\" (i.e., South Africa, United States, Australia, or Argentina), as new wine-producing countries are emerging in areas such as the northern parts of Europe. Sweden is one of these countries. According to the latest report from Foreningen Svenskt Vin [6], Sweden had an approximate area under vine of 100 hectaresat the end of 2017. First vineyard plantations started in 1999 and 20 years later, the Swedish wine industry is represented by more than 200 vineyards, out of which almost 30% have been planted in the past 5 years. The current projection estimates a continuous growing in the hectares surface, employees, and number vineyards to become a commercial business. Climatic conditions are certainly more suitable for viticulture now than 20 years ago in Sweden; however, the cold temperatures and winter frost remain some of the biggest challenges. This is the main reason why the most cultivated and successful grapes are hybrid cultivars highly resistant to frost, such as the white variety Solaris and Rondo as a red grape cultivar [7]. Originating in Germany, Solaris (an interspecific hybrid result of the cross between Merzling (Seyve-Villard \(\times\) Riesling \(\times\) Pinot Gris) with Gm6493 (Zarya Seva \(\times\) Muscat Ottonel)) [8], is the most planted grape cultivar in Sweden and Denmark. Besides its resistance to frost, Solaris is also highly tolerant to downy mildew [9; 10], to oidium (powdery mildew), and to some extent also to Botrytis [11; 12]. Despite its obvious agronomic interest, little information is available describing the aromatic potential using different winemaking techniques [13; 14; 15] or studies describing the Solaris sensory space [16; 17; 18]. For example, in Denmark, a study found Solaris wines with two different aroma profiles [18]; the first group of wines was described with floral and fruity flavors (\"peach/apricot\", \"Muscat\", \"melon\", \"banana\" and \"strawberry\"), whereas the second group was associated with less pleasant flavors, such as \"chemical\", \"wood\" and \"rooiboos/smoke\" [18]. Another recent study aimed to assess the sensory similarity between three Solaris wines and three of the main international varietals, Riesling, Chardonnay, and Sauvignon Blanc, by means of Polarized Sensory Positioning [11]. The study concluded that Solaris wines were closer to Chardonnay and Sauvignon Blanc than to Riesling. A subsequent Pivot(r) Profile showed that Solaris wines were globally less viscous, sweeter, more vegetal, and more floral than Chardonnay, and less aromatic and fruity and more acidic and vegetal than Sauvignon Blanc. Finally, a study evaluating the sensory profile of Swedish Solaris described the wines with citrus and floral aromas [16]. The small number of studies on Solaris wines leads to inconclusive information regarding the existence of one or several styles of Solaris wines.