## 1 Introduction  
The increasingly evident climatic shifts present a formidable challenge for the global scientific community. With every facet of existence affected, from weather patterns to ecosystem dynamics, thorough study and analysis are imperative for a transition toward sustainable and environmentally secure living conditions. Scientists worldwide are diligently investigating these changes, striving to comprehend their complexities and devise innovative solutions. Through collaborative efforts and interdisciplinary approaches, they aim to pave the way for a future where humanity coexists harmoniously with the planet, fostering habitats that prioritize ecological integrity and resilience.  
At present, considerable attention is being directed towards exploring the vast potential of renewable energy sources (RES) across the globe. Various alternative methods of energy acquisition are being meticulously evaluated, with a focus on deploying cutting-edge technologies to maximize efficiency while minimizing environmental impact. From solar and wind to hydroelectric and geothermal power, the spectrum of renewable energy options offers a promising avenue for reducing reliance on fossil fuels and mitigating the adverse effects of climate change. Research and development efforts are increasingly geared towards refining existing technologies and pioneering new approaches to harnessing renewable energy on a large scale. By embracing these advancements and fostering a global culture of innovation, societies can aspire towards a future powered by sustainable, clean energy solutions that benefit both people and the planet.  
The traditional electrical grid is experiencing substantial augmentation to ensure system dependability and enhance both energy efficacy and ecological sustainability. A conventional grid is transforming into a smart grid (SG) that includes a diversified, heterogeneous mix of operational measures such as smart appliances, meters, and renewable energy resources. The SG is a new design for the electric power grid since it produces more efficient outcomes and is more reliable. The SG is one of the most promising innovations as a solution to the energy dilemma. A major advancement involves the developments in power electronics technologies that have contributed to the development of power conversion systems used in RES and other energy applications. The benefits include an increase in reliability, resilience of power sources, and electromagnetic compatibility between different power sources applied to microgrids [1]. Nonetheless, it is intricate, and decentralizing it might be of immense advantage [2].  
From the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, the amount of carbon dioxide (CO\({}_{2}\)) equivalent in the atmosphere has approximately doubled, according to various reports [3]. As a result, this has led to a rise in world average temperature, which is having an adverse effect on the climate on a global scale [4]. Recent advancements in a variety of renewable energy technologies have improved their reliability while simultaneously minimizing their cost, making them suitable for usage in a wider variety of scenarios. Significant improvements have been achieved in both renewable energy systems and hydrogen technologies, resulting in increased efficiency and productivity [5; 6]. The Mediterranean area is distinguished by its abundance of indigenous solar and wind energy resources, which have the potential to be used in the creation of power, heat, and cooling [7].