# On Construction of a Campus Outdoor Air and Water Quality Monitoring System Using LoRaWAN
## 5 Conclusions and Future Works  
This paper deploys real-time air and water quality monitoring using the LoRa network. LoRa has many benefits: low power consumption, energy-saving, and long-distance transmission characteristics. In addition, we have made its sensors modularized for quick deployment and low maintenance costs. It was necessary to use Grafana to clearly show the trend of the data from various sources and demonstrate the benefits of this system in these specific fields. For air or water monitoring, the terminal sensors are integrated and logged data by a lab-made PCB board with RENESAS RX64M MCU and LoRa to transmit data. In order to evaluate this campus LORA monitoring system, we also collected public information provided by the environmental protection department of the Taiwan government at the same monitoring point for comparison. Moreover, another effort in  
Figure 20: Average Throughput.  
this paper is to extend the sensor to dissolved oxygen, pH, and temperature sensors and use the monitoring system to monitor the water quality of Tunghai Lake. In this case, this work showed the characteristics of LoRa energy-saving and long-distance transmission advantage. In addition, we also discussed receive performance, packet loss rate, gateway receiving sensitivity, single device maximum throughput, total capacity, and the channel load of LoRa. Furthermore, data from multiple sensors may be used to train the learning model in the future, and deep learning can be incorporated to further assess and predict water quality. These data will be used to assist in improving the river and water quality. According to the confidence in the experimental data, the LoRa monitoring architecture of this paper can be extended to others in the wide range of areas for applications.  
Conceptualization, C-T.Y. and H.-Y.M.; methodology, H.F.; software, Y.-S.L. and C.-Y.C.; validation, C.-T.Y. and H.-Y.M.; formal analysis, E.K.; data curation, H.F.; writing--original draft preparation, E.K., Y.-S.L. and C.-Y.C.; writing--review and editing, C.-T.Y. and H.-Y.M. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
This work was supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST), Taiwan (R.O.C.), under grants number 110-2622-E-029-012-, 110-2621-M-029-003-, 110-2811-E-029-003-, and 110-2221-E-029-020-MY3.  
Not applicable.  
The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.  
We could obtain pH, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Conductivity (COND), Temperature (Temp) 4 logging data from water quality sensor in 1 command, synchronously, as shown in Figures 11 and 12. Figure 11 showed the blue line as the command wave form from RX64M to sensor, and the correct evidence obtain from the green wave in the bottom of the Figure 11, which were sent through the TX port of RX64M and are out-and-out the same with the blue one. Then, Water Sensor's responses as shown in Figure 12, and they conform to the format in the manual of sensor, fully, as shown in Tables 11 and 12 For now, the function between the RX64M and the water sensor are correct.