## 2 Related Literature  
In recent years, it has been noted that health monitoring in the real environment can be accomplished by implementing a new architecture consisting of a wireless sensor network (WSN), IoT, and 5G systems. This type of framework can monitor the heartbeat, oxygen, and pulse, as well as alert the patient to nearby hospitals and healthcare staff [14]. In [15], the MIMO-OFDM system is implemented for different transmission methods; it is analyzed that the bit error rate (BER) performance of the BPSK is superior to the other schemes. It is concluded that the spectral efficiency of the projected framework reduces due to the insertion of CP. The use of guard bands in OFDM results in wastage in the spectrum. Cognitive radio (CR) can improve the spectrum scarcity problem by allocating the ideal spectrum of license users to secondary users. In [16], cognitive radio (CR) is integrated with the OFDM framework to enhance the system's spectral efficiency. It is understood that the combination of CR and OFDM can upsurge the organization's bandwidth usage, capacity,  
Figure 1: Objectives of Smart hospitals. and BER performance. The spectral efficiency of the multicarrier waveform (MCM) is degraded due to the presence of phase noise in the OFDM/FBMC system. In [17], the phase distortion is overcome by decomposing noise into the reception and symbols of adjoining sub-carriers. It is seen that the spectral efficiency of the MCM is increased by reducing the phase spectral distortion of the system. One of the methods to enhance the bandwidth efficiency of FBMC is by expanding the time period of the burst. The study [18] aims to evaluate the spectral efficiency of the FBMC and OFDM framework. The simulation result shows that the FBMC has no leakage of the spectrum due to the use of the filter where the high sidelobe and spectrum leakage are observed in the OFDM system. An overview of spectral performance and throughput of FBMC and OFDM is studied [19]. The experimental outcomes revealed that the performance of the FBMC is better than the OFDM system and is regarded as one of the best choices for advanced radio communication systems. The authors of [20] looked into the spectral efficiency of the NOMA system for advanced radio cellular systems. It is seen that the bandwidth of NOMA can be enhanced by allowing multiple users to access the channel in the time and frequency domain. The overall throughput of the NOMA system is more eminent than the OFDM structure. In [21], the peak power and spectral efficiency of the NOMA are improved by using a hybrid reduction algorithm at the transmitter terminal of the NOMA. It is observed that the high peak power results in leakage of the spectrum and degrades the quality of service of the system. Various works on the conception of the novel and spectral-efficient waveforms have been completed all over the world in recent years. Table 1 outlines the contributions of the investigations connected to 5G smart hospitals available in the literature. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c} \hline \hline
**References** & **Contributions** \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{Proposed Work} & The high peak to average power ratio (PAPR) reduces the efficiency of the power amplifier and hugely increases the power consumption of the 5G network. Hence, PAPR is considered one of the major problems in implementing 5G assisted hospitals. In this work, the authors projected a genetic algorithm-based selective mapping PAPR algorithm for future smart hospitals. The outcome of the work reveals that the projected algorithm enhanced the BER and PAPR performance of the system. In this work, we highlighted the contributions of researchers in the field of smart hospitals. Further, we have analyzed and simulated the FBMC waveform based on different parameters such as bandwidth efficiency, throughput, and spectrum density, which is the first time investigated and proposed. \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: _Cont._