## 4 Antimicrobial Activities of Plant-Food EOs in Liquid and Vapor Phases  
### Antifungal Activities of EOs in Liquid and Vapor Phases  
The antimicrobial power of EOs describes with parameters such as the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum fungal concentration (MFC) [21] (Table S1). Plant EOs antifungal properties are correlated with their constituents. Lemongrass (_Cymbopogon martini_) EO with 88% carbonyl compounds, such as geraniol (48.14%) and neral (38.32%), compared to _Citrus aurantiglia_ and _Citrus limon_ EOs, with 91% and 79% monoterpene hydrocarbons and possessing a much lower content of carbonyl groups, which showed more fungicidal properties against _Botrytis cinerea_[28; 29]. _Citrus sinensis_ EO indicated an MIC value of 1600 mg/L in direct application and 800 mg/L in vapor application against _Aspergillus flavus_, and the main fragrant compounds were identified as limonene, \(\beta\)-myrccene, \(\alpha\)-, \(\beta\)-pinene, as well as (\(Z\))-, (\(E\))-cital. Of these, limonene represented 96.62% [10; 30]. [PERSON] et al. (2015) reported the MIC of _Syzygium aromaticum_ EO with a 75.39% eugenol content as 92.56 uL/Lair, while for _Brassica nigra_ EO with 98% allyl isothiamate it was 15.42 uL/Lair against _Botrytis cinerea_[31]. [PERSON] et al. (2015) reported that 41.1 uL/Lair of _Brassica nigra_ EO with 98.88 allyl isothiamate delayed the growth of _Penicillium citrinum_, _Aspergillus ochraccus_, and _Aspergillus niger_[32]. Another study reported the positive effect of _Origanum dictammus_ EO in preventing _Botrytis cinerea_ growth, possessing an MIC of 100 uL/L [33]. The high sensitivity of fungal species to oregano (_Lippia berlandieri_), thyme (_Thymus vulgaris_), or mustard (_Brassica nigra_) EOs with anMIC of 0.012-1.0 \(\upmu\)g/mL of air has been reported. The major volatile compounds are allyl isothiocyanate in mustard EO; \(p\)-cymene,linalool, and thymol in thyme EO; and \(p\)-cymene and carvacrol in oregano EO [34]. [PERSON] et al. (2019) also showed that the antimicrobial activity of _Mentha piperita_ and _Zataria multiflora_ EOs is correlated with the presence of monoterenes such as menthol (39.18%), menthone (21.64%), carvacrol (36.81%), and thymol (33.04%) [35]. The amount of monoterene hydrocarbons in _Mentha piperita_ EO in the vapor phase was analyzed as 62.8%, three-fold that of the liquid phase. The MIC and MFC values varied from 1.13 to 2.25 mg/mL and 2.25 to 4.5 mg/mL for _Penicillin digitatum_, _Aspergillus flavus_, _Aspergillus niger_, _Mucor_ spp., and _Fusarium oxysporum_. The rapid solubility of these compounds in the cell membrane in the gaseous phase is due to the strong antimicrobial properties of this EO [25]. The antifungal effect of _Satureja bachtiarica_, _S. huzistanica_, and _S. rechingeri_ EOs was studied by [PERSON] et al. (2016), with an MIC 0.062 \(\upmu\)L/mL, where the main chemical constituents of EOs are identified as monoterenoid derivatives in the majority of thymol (87.7%) and carvacrol (28%) [36]. In a similar study, the potent antifungal properties of EOs in three _Satureja_ species (_S. hortensis_, _S. spicigera_, and _S. huzistanica_) were reported in the control of fungi microorganisms _Botrytis cinerea_, while high concentrations of phenolic monoterenes, including carvacrol and thymol, have been documented in those EOs. Considering that these components are produced by the metabolic pathway of the auto-oxidation of \(\gamma\)-terpinene and \(p\)-cymene, they are assumed as precursors of oxygenated derivatives. In this study, the MIC values of _Satureja_ species EOs have been measured as between 1200 and 600 \(\upmu\)L/L against _Botrytis cinerea_[11]. Gamma-terpinene and cumin aldehyde are reported as the predominant constituents of _Cuminum_ _cyminum_ EO. The fungicidal properties of _C. syminum_ are mostly associated with volatile phenolics such as cuminaldehyde, \(p\)-cymene, \(\upbeta\)-pinene, and \(\upalpha\)-terpinene [37].