# Model to Program and Blockchain Approaches for Business Processes and Workflows in Finance
## 3 Research Questions in the Context of Information Systems  
The blockchain technology and architecture promise that each participant in the transaction has her copy of the ledger to safeguard the consistency and integrity of the logs of transactions through synchronization. Thereby, communicating partners participating in transactions can avoid the utilization of intermediary parties. Business use cases in finance involve back-end processing of transactions and provenance tracing through the whole process chain [41; 42]. In an enterprise environment, the tracking, recording, and retention of data representing information flow, actions, activities are very important and legally required, especially in the field of finance. The tracing of activities within workflows is very important from the viewpoint of accounting and the auditing of Information Systems. The application of blockchain technology within workflows raises questions whether how the internal audit function and external auditing acts will change [43; 44]. The auditing of Information Systems concentrates not only on financial accounting but all electronic transactions that involve data, electronic documents, and processing steps. The digital transformation of enterprises implies that the major part of each business process is electronic; at certain points, human interactions are involved. In the case of digitally transformed enterprises, especially those that exploit Financial Services Technologies the supply chain management means the flow of electronic documents that contain various information about the transactions. The decisive assets of digitally transformed enterprises are data, information storedin electronic documents, structured, semi-structured, and unstructured formats [45, 46]. Blockchain technology makes it possible that the state, the originality, and tracking data of pieces of information can be retrieved that were collected throughout the whole life cycle of the given item. From a document-centric view, the descriptions of Business Processes, Workflows either in XML or JSON can be considered as semi-structured data/document besides the information resources that are utilized during the execution of tasks included in Workflow and Business Processes [47, 48]. One of the research questions is how the information flow should be managed as the Supply Chain of electronic pieces of information; how the Information Architecture and Enterprise architecture should look like. What kind of design methods should be applied? [49, 50]. In an enterprise that is digitally transformed, Information Systems are core constituents. Blockchain technology is devoted to those applications that share information. The research question is how blockchain technology could be used; what use cases would be appropriate to exploit blockchain technology for efficient and effective application. The Workflows manage the transactions and information resources that are an integral part of Information Systems [51, 52]. To define design principles that could be used to describe Workflow, Business Processes, and their tasks to make use of blockchain technology for provenance, security, control, monitor, data protection, and supervising is a research area that can be ordered under the subject of Design Science Research. The Design Science Research paradigm gives a research methodology that can be applied to conceptualize the results of experimental design and development [53]. To elaborate design principles, case studies, models, and patterns of Workflow can be used to start building up initial design guidelines [54]. The next question is if there are design guidelines on how to specify Workflows and Business Processes that are integrated with blockchain technology to provide provenance about the instances of executed tasks of Processes and consumed information items. Furthermore, how we can create executable programs from models that were built in a visual language. The available opportunity is to employ the toolset of Model-to-Program (M-2-P).