# Biomolecules from Microalgae and Cyanobacteria: Applications and Market Survey
## 3 Current Uses of Microalgae and Cyanobacteria in Industry
### Use of Micoralgae and Cyanobacteria for Cosmetic Applications  
Microalgae and Cyanobacteria have been incorporated into face, skin, and hair care products, in addition to sun protection compounds such as antioxidants, thickening, and water-binding agents [104]. Some industries in this field develop their own microalgae culture, but others tend to develop collaborations with industries producing microalgae, such as Rejuvenase(r) (NV, USA), which commercializes products containing active compounds from marine microalgae provided by Fitoplanton Marino (Cadiz, Spain). Some brands incorporate in their products extracts from more than one microalga in combination with other plant extracts, as Estee Lauder (New York, NY, USA) and Algenist, which is Solazyme's skincare line. The latter produces a whole range of cosmetic products based on microalgae (Table 7). In the literature, several works have been carried out to evaluate the effect of these extracts by in vitro and in vivo studies. [PERSON] et al. [105] reported that in 2015 and 2017, the number of publications was about 25 per year, where France, Spain, and Germany were the top publishers. They focus mainly on the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of microalgae extracts and the potential of bioactive compounds in the treatment of skin problems such as aging, tanning, and pigment disorders [106]. For instance, the effect of Dermochlorella D, produced by CODIF, an aqueous extract of _Chorella vulgaris_ rich in amino acids, was COSMOS approved. This label is managed by a not-for-profit, international, and independent association, and it represents a consumer guarantee for organic and natural cosmetics. The effect of this extract was studied by in vitro test on fibroblasts and keratinocytes. It was shown that the mentioned extract ameliorated the skin structure by an increase in collagen-1, -3, and -4 and also laminin-6 and elastin expressions by human fibroblasts, as well as collagen-7, laminin-5, and elafin expressions by keratinocytes. It also improved skin protection against free radicals by increasing the expression of thioredoxin-1 and thioredoxin-2, which could reduce skin process aging. Furthermore, it protects Langerhans cells against ultraviolet exposure [106]. Phormiskin from CODIF Company took the second prize at the \"BSB Innovation Awards 2010\" for the most innovative ingredient focused on natural products.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Industry** & **Product** & **Micoralgae** & **Fraction Used** & **Effect** \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{DSM (Heerlen, The Netherlands) [[https://www.dsm.com/](https://www.dsm.com/)]([https://www.dsm.com/](https://www.dsm.com/)), accessed on 26 January 2021 } & _Dunalidina silina_ (Chlorophyta) & aqueous extract rich in amino acids, minerals, and carbohydrates & Skin care: reloads skin with new energy and improves its radiance. \\  & PEPHA®-TIGHT & _Microlchoresis galitana_ (Chlorophyta) & aqueous extract rich in vitamin C, vitamin B12, and polysaccharides & Skin care: Tightening effect and long-term skin firming effect \\  & PEPHA®-AGE & _Halochlorie rubecscens_ (Chlorophyta) & aqueous extract rich in amino acids, vitamins (B3), algal saccharides, and minerals & Skin protection from blue light and UV \\  & PEHIA®-AGE & _Halochlorie rubecscens_ (Chlorophyta) & aqueous extract rich in amino acids, vitamins (B3), algal saccharides, and minerals & Skin care: retains a youthful skin appearance and reduces the signs of chronological skin aging \\  & PEHIA®-AGE & _Halochlorie rubecscens_ (Chlorophyta) & _Halochlorie rubecscens_ (Chlorophyta) & _Halochlorie rubecscens_ (B3), algal saccharides, and minerals & Skin care: reloads skin with new energy and improves its radiance. \\  & Evonik (Frankfurt, Germany) & \multirow{2}{*}{TEGO® Stemlassin} & _Cyantilium calatarium_ (Rhodophyta) & _Hal_. \\  & & & & \\ \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 7: Microalgae and Cyanobacteria exploitation in the cosmetic field.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline