## 3 Results and Discussion
### Thermal Activation Process Test Results
#### 3.3.2 Effect of High Temperature Calcination on Activity  
As shown in Table 6, when the calcination temperature reached 1200 \({}^{\circ}\)C and was kept at a constant temperature for 60 min, the glassy content of the specimens after water quenching reached its highest. Following this, the glassy content decreased as the calcination temperature increased. Furthermore, the glassy content of specimens quenched in water at the same calcination temperature was significantly higher than that of specimens cooled naturally. From the XRD test results in Figure 25, it was observed that once the calcination temperature reached 1200 \({}^{\circ}\)C, the crystal diffraction peaks decreased noticeably. Under the condition of maintaining a constant temperature for 60 min, regardless of the method of cooling, the diffraction curve became smooth, with no distinct crystal diffraction peaks, indicating complete vitrification. And this calcination temperature (1200 \({}^{\circ}\)C) specimens' macro-expression of the surface of the rock began to be in a molten state, as can be seen in Figure 26. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \multirow{2}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} Specim \\ Number \\ \end{tabular} } & \multirow{2}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} **Maximum** \\ **Calcination** \\ **Temperature\({}^{\prime}\)\({}^{\prime}\)C** \\ \end{tabular} } & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Mass Fraction/\%**} & \multirow{2}{*}{\
\begin{tabular}{c} **Specimen** \\ **Osides** \\ **Oxide** \\ \end{tabular} } & \multirow{2}{*}{
\begin{tabular}{c} **Maximum** \\ **Temperature\({}^{\prime}\)\({}^{\prime}\)C** \\ \end{tabular} } & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Mass Fraction/\%**} \\  & & & & & & & & **Calcination** \\  & & & & & & & & **Temperature\({}^{\prime}\)\({}^{\prime}\)\({}^{\prime}\)C** \\ \hline
1 & & 37.8 & 81.05 & 4.525 & & & & & \\
2 & 800 & 38.3 & 79.11 & 4.535 & 7 & 1200 & 44.4 & 77.87 & 4.403 \\
3 & 800 & 30.1 & 79.43 & 4.555 & 8 & 1200 & 90.9 & 78.24 & 4.029 \\
4 & 1000 & 48.0 & 79.39 & 4.323 & 9 & 1200 & 86.4 & 78.34 & 3.988 \\
5 & 1000 & 37.8 & 79.47 & 4.378 & 10 & 1400 & 75.0 & 77.41 & 3.939 \\
6 & 1000 & 37.8 & 79.33 & 4.366 & 11 & 1400 & 59.6 & 77.54 & 3.874 \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 6: Mass fractions of vitreous, oxides, and soluble oxides at different calcination. Figure 25: XRD patterns of the physical phase changes of each specimen under different conditions. Figure 26: A photograph of the vitrification of volcanic rocks after calcined water quenching at 1200 \({}^{\circ}\)C.  
Figure 26 shows a photograph of the vitrification of volcanic rocks after calcined water quenching at 1200 \({}^{\circ}\)C. Compared with the uncalcined samples, calcination reduced the total amount of oxides and showed a decreasing trend with increasing calcination temperature, with a maximum decrease of 3.5%. This trend was not affected by the cooling method. The total soluble oxides (SiO\({}_{2}\) and Al\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{3}\)) decreased slightly with increasing calcination temperature, and the decrease became more pronounced after maintaining a constant temperature of 1200 \({}^{\circ}\)C for 60 min, but the change did not exceed 1%. At high temperatures, SiO\({}_{2}\), CaO, and Na\({}_{2}\)O in the volcanic samples reacted to form CaSiO\({}_{3}\) and Na\({}_{2}\)SiO\({}_{3}\), achieving vitrification. As the heating depth increased, the internal structure of the specimen changed dramatically; initially, the glassy content increased, but excessive melting at high temperatures led to a subsequent decline. Volcanic rocks are similar to shale and other minerals in composition, being rich in SiO\({}_{2}\) and Al\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{3}\). Calcination promoted the escape of hydroxyl groups, leaving lattice defects and resulting in decomposition products with high reactivity, which accelerated the reaction with Ca(OH)\({}_{2}\) and enhanced the calcination activity.