# Neighbor Session Solutions for Integrated Routing Protocols
###### Abstract  
This paper proposes a novel methodology for the design of dual-stack IP routing protocols focused on neighborships and routing messages transport. The first part describes currently used dual-stack IP routing protocols, their history, and key features. The description of four identified combinations based on a number of neighbor sessions and protocol used for the transport of routing messages is presented afterward. These combinations are introduced as Protocol Integration Solution Classes (PISCs) in this paper. Colored Petri nets (CPNs) are selected as a formal method to create a model of each PISC. The following parts deal with a detailed description and analysis of the created Protocol Integration Solution Class models, which are also verified and compared with each other. Based on the comparison of each PISC model simulation step, the PISC 2 class is selected as the most efficient one. The last part of the paper formulates recommendations for the dual-stack IP routing protocol design based on the results presented in this paper. routing protocol; neighbor sessions; IPv4; IPv6; colored Petri nets +
Footnote †: journal: Applied sciences  
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Q-learning-empowered, highly dynamic and latency-aware routing algorithm is proposed in [9], which learns the status of the link in the network and effectively selects routes through Q values to avoid loss of connection. In the Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) network area, in [10], decision-based routing for unmanned aerial vehicles and Internet of Things (IoT) is proposed, which is useful for UAV-to-IoT and UAV-to-UAV data communication. In [11], the authors propose a multi-objective optimized Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing (GPSR) routing protocol that aims to comprehensively improve UAV cluster network communication performance. In the field of WSN, the authors of paper [12] propose a reliable energy-efficient multilevel routing algorithm that not only balances the energy load of each node but also provides global reliability for the whole network. In [13], an energy-aware WSN routing protocol model is proposed with an efficient clustering and routing technique for forest fire detection. Intrusion detection systems to limit the impact of the sinkhole and wormhole attacks on the low-energy adaptive clustering hierarchy in WSN are proposed in [14]. For the MANET area, the authors of [15] perform comparative comparison and extensive simulation analysis for three major routing protocols: destination sequenced distance vector (DSDV), dynamic source routing (DSR), and ad hoc on-demand distance vector (AODV). Ref. [16] proposes a novel probabilistic routing model for opportunistic networks, which are an evolution of the MANET networks. In [17], the authors propose a solution to enhance the performance of MANET in the face of network attacks by implementing trust management. It is the environment of IP networks in which the \"old\" IPv4 protocol is used, and the \"new\" IPv6 protocol is being considered, or is even already in operation, which still faces various problems or obstacles. One of the problematic areas is the deployment and operation of routing protocols in a multi-protocol environment (IPv4 and IPv6 protocols simultaneously). Through the study of the available literature and experiments, it is found that each currently available routing protocol solves the problem of its operation and building the IPv4/IPv6 routing information differently in its way. Therefore, selected routing protocols used in the multiprotocol environment of IP networks are also described together with the principles of routing in IP networks in Section 2. Since the issue of integrated routing protocols, i.e., protocols supporting both IPv4 and IPv6 simultaneously (dual-stack), is very broad, the decision is made to narrow the research area to the issue of creating neighbor relationships and transport protocols used to transmit routing protocol messages.