## 1 Introduction  
The development of mining dump trucks is hindered by high technical difficulty, the need for substantial capital investment, and a lengthy research and development cycle, resulting in a scarcity of relevant studies. Additionally, due to the wide dimensions, heavy payload, and harsh working conditions of mining dump trucks, significant vibrations are easily generated, affecting both handling stability and ride comfort [1]. Suspension systems play a vital role as essential components in vehicles, primarily being tasked with dampening vibrations arising from road roughness. They are also responsible for transmitting forces to the vehicle body, thereby influencing ride comfort, handling, stability, and overall safety performance [2; 3; 4]. Currently, mining dump trucks mainly utilize integral front axles as their front suspension. However, due to the integral front axle being a non-independent suspension, the front wheels interfere with each other during operation, resulting in relatively lower handling stability and smoothness of the entire vehicle. Moreover, as the overall vehicle weight of dump trucks continues to increase, there is an urgent need to adopt a new type of independent suspension to meet design goals. The candle-type front suspension is relatively mature in the field of medium and small mining dump trucks. The structure of mining vehicles equipped with candle-type independent front suspension is more compact, allowing the engine's assembly components to be easily adjusted to a lower position, thus lowering the vehicle's center of gravity. However, since the kingpin is fixed on the frame, the front wheel track may be affected by the up-and-down movement of the piston rod of the oil-gas suspension, resulting in lateral tire slip, further increasing tire wear. Additionally, the contact surface between the rod and cylinder of this suspension often generates significant lateral forces, greatly reducing the service life of the front suspension components due to the significant effects of lateral forces. The double-wishbone front suspension, on the other hand, does not have these drawbacks. These wishbones can absorb lateral forces, enhancing the vehicle's resistance to tilting during steering; the kingpin only needs to bear the weight of the vehicle. Additionally, the structural design of the double-wishbone front suspension allows the vehicle to correct its camber angle during operation, to some extent reducing the lateral slip of the wheels and decreasing tire wear. Furthermore, it can adjust the position of the wishbones to adapt to the road surface, enabling the tires to have a larger contact area with the ground, thereby improving ground adhesion performance. Therefore, this paper proposes to transform the integral front axle into a double-wishbone independent front suspension and conduct research on it. [PERSON] [5] utilized ADAMS software to model and optimize an off-road vehicle in 2012. By conducting simulation analyses on various subsystems of the entire vehicle, potential design issues were identified, leading to improvements in the overall handling stability and smoothness. The outcomes of this research not only serve as a reference for the design and optimization of off-road vehicles, but also offer valuable insights and experiences applicable to the design of other vehicle types. In 2014, [PERSON] [6] and other scholars conducted a study on the ride comfort of a 190-ton mining truck, employing various front suspension systems, including double-wishbone independent suspension and candlestick suspension. The researchers utilized Maple Sim to model and simulate the different front suspension systems under various road conditions. Through comparative analysis of the wheel alignment parameters with changing wheel bounce, they ultimately concluded that the double-wishbone independent suspension and multi-link independent suspension exhibited superior kinematic characteristics.