## 1 Introduction  
Physical activity is fundamental to physical, mental, and social well-being. Regardless of age, engaging in physical activity enhances the efficiency of internal organs, strengthens muscles, and slows down the aging process, as well as the progression of various diseases, including diabetes, obesity, osteoporosis, and circulatory and respiratory disorders [1]. Among elderly adults, the primary motivations for engaging in physical activity include improving motor coordination, balance, and overall well-being; fostering social interactions; and enhancing their ability to manage existing health conditions [2]. Currently, many institutions are actively offering a variety of physical activities for seniors, promoting the concept of healthy aging. Vibroswing-System (smovey\({}^{\text{\textregistered}}\)) is an innovative exercise technology that utilizes vibration. The device integrates contemporary knowledge with Chinese tradition. Vibration training is widely used in rehabilitation, medicine, and fitness to enhance muscle strength, raise the muscle core temperature, improve metabolism, and stimulate the lymphatic and circulatory systems. The exercise equipment consists of two rings with four metal balls placed inside and a handle. Each smovey\({}^{\text{\textregistered}}\) ring weighs 0.5 kg [3,4]. During exercise, as the user moves forward--and then immediately in the opposite direction--steel balls roll inside the tube, generating pulsating vibrations in the user's hands. The vibrations are influenced by the natural and oscillatory movements of the rings at varying levels and directions. As such, they do not maintain a constant frequency, but instead produce a continuously changing, stochastic oscillatory signal. These vibrations are transmitted from the hands to the rest of the body [4]. Vibration exercises improve the functioning of the cardiovascular system due to a decrease in systolic pressure in the brachial artery and aorta, increase the blood flow after passive vibrations in the lower and upper body, and improve muscle strength and balance in the elderly population [5; 6]. This form of physical activity brings better blood supply to the joint cartilage and increases the strength and elasticity of the ligaments and tendons [7]. An additional advantage is the increase in bone mineral density, which is better nourished and more resilient to fractures. This is particularly important in old age, because with age, the hormonal balance is disturbed, the bone structure weakens, and osteoporomic changes start to appear [8]. Vibration, as a mechanical stimulus, stimulates conditional and unconditional reflexes. The nervous system causes cramps and changes in muscle tone, lymph nodes, and blood circulation. Without the effect of stimulation, tension only occurs at a constant rhythm, while during the vibration of the stimulation, the muscles are mobilized and increase in strength and improve their efficiency [3]. Smovey(r) training is also an excellent example of fighting overweight, because it improves metabolism and firms tissues by increasing the energy expenditure during the exercises [9]. Smovey(r) training can also be used for people with Parkinson, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, and depression and for oncological patients [10; 11]. Hemorheology is a science that studies the effect of the pressure of flowing blood on its cellular elements and on the walls of blood vessels. This science focuses particularly on erythrocytes, and less often on leukocytes or platelets. In order to fulfill its function of nourishing and oxygenating every cell of the body, the erythrocyte must maintain excellent deformability and elasticity in order to squeeze through capillaries with a diameter of 1-2.5 \(\upmu\)m (dimensions of a red blood cell: diameter 6-8 \(\upmu\)m; thickness 1.7-2.5 \(\upmu\)m; surface area 140 \(\upmu\)m\({}^{2}\)) [12].