## 3 Results and Discussion
### Principal Component Analysis
It found that PCA1 has a strong positive relationship with regulatory polyamines, glutathione-mediated antioxidant activity, energy production, lysophospholipids, amino acids, tannins, non-reducing carbohydrates, and hormones [80]. Figure 6: A biplot diagram based on PC1 and PC2 shows similarities and dissimilarities in relationships among the measured variables across different varieties of palm dates under untreated. 1—Ash%; 2—Total fat %DW; 3—Total protein%; 4—Total sugar %; 5—Total carbohydrates %; 6—B12; 7—B9; 8—B6; 9—B2; 10—B11; 11—Na; 12—Mg; 13—Ca; 14—K; 15—P; 16—Cu; 17—Zn; 18—Mn; 19—Fe; 20—Serine; 21—Proline; 22—Methionine; 23—Lysine; 24—LsoLeucine; 25—Histidine; 26—Arginine; 27—Alanine; 28—Phenylalanine; 29—Leucine; 30—Glycine; 31—Glutamic acid; 32—Asparatic acid; 33—Valine; 34—Tyrosine; 35—Threonine; 36—HMF \(\mu\)100g; 37—Polyphenols mg GAE/100 g FW; 38—Antioxidant RSA %. In both the untreated and treated varieties with SDBD plasma, an acute angle among the most variables studied was found, indicating a positive correlation between these variables. However, the degree and consistency of these associations vary. Our research showed that most of the assessed variables had acute angles (below 90 degrees), indicating a favorable association between these variables. Most variables evaluated were shown to have the highest positive association (smallest sharp angles) throughout either or both treatments. In both the untreated and treated palm date types, the first two PCs primarily distributed and distinguished the analyzed variables into four groups based on the strength of their relationships, according to PCA analysis. The studied factors within each group were significantly inversely or favorably correlated with one another, while showing insignificant correlation for variables between these groups (positive or negative). Previous research reported that the results showed significant heterogeneity, and the sixteen quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the date palm varieties that were assessed showed a potent discriminating factor, according to the PCA model [78]. The group I (the highest PC2 and the lowest PC1) included variables total protein % (3), Mg (12), Cu (16), and aspartic acid (32) under untreated as well as the variables B9 (7), B6 (8), B2 (9), aspartic acid (32), and valine (33) under treated, which are highly  
Figure 7: A biplot diagram based on PC1 and PC2 shows similarities and dissimilarities in relationships among the measured variables across different varieties of palm dates under after SDBD plasma treatment. 1—Ash%; 2—Total fat %DW; 3—Total protein%; 4—Total sugar %; 5—Total carbohydrates %; 6—B12; 7—B9; 8—B6; 9—B2; 10—B1; 11—Na; 12—Mg; 13—Ca; 14—K; 15—P; 16—Cu; 17—Zn; 18—Mn; 19—Fe; 20—Serine; 21—Proline; 22—Methionine; 23—Lysine; 24—LsoLeucine; 25—Histidine; 26—Arginine; 27—Alanine; 28—Phenylalanine; 29—Leucine; 30—Glycine; 31—Glutamic acid; 32—Aspartic acid; 33—Valine; 34—Tyrosine; 35—Threonine; 36—HMF ug/100 g; 37—Polyphenols mg GAE/100 g FW; 38—Antioxidant RSA %. positively associated with the _Nabtet Ali_ variety as well as _Maghol_, _Khadari_, and _Nabtet Ali_ varieties, respectively. Group II (the lowest PC1 and PC2) included B12 (6), B9 (7), B6 (8), and B2 (9) variables with _Khadari_, _Maghol_, and _Rshodya_ types in untreated conditions and only total sugar (4) with _Shalbi_ type in treated conditions. However, group III is related to the highest PC1 and lowest PC2 and consists of variables ash% (1), total fat % (2), Na (11), Ca (13), K (14), P (15), Zn (17), Mn (18), proline (21), arginine (26), glycine (30), polyphenols (37), and antioxidant RSA (38) under untreated varieties as well as variables ash % (1), total protein % (3), total carbohydrates % (5), B1 (10), Ca (13), K (14), Cu (16), Mn (18), Fe (19), phenylalanine (28), leucine (29), glycine (30), hmf (36), and polyphenols (37) under treated varieties, which are located with the varieties _Ajwa_ and _Swkari_, respectively.