## 3 Comparative Analyses Results
### CMORPH Products
Both products' maximums were separated to the same distance of 126.89 km from the Chastreix station. These most-intense precipitation amounts estimated in northeast France showed a strong overestimation mark, while within the NMC both GSMaP-Now showed strong underestimation signals (Figures 15d and 16d). The quantification of these biases shows a negative \(-19.63\) mm for GSMaP-Now and \(-20.57\) mm for GSMaP-Now-GC, on average, over the NMC area (Table 3). The distribution of GSMaP-NRT and GSMaP-NRT-GC estimations (Figures 17a and 18a) showed moderate- to high-intensity precipitation amounts over every area of interest close to the RADOME observations. At the local scale, the highest precipitation amount was located over the Alps, especially over the DUR and SAL area with maximums reaching 85.73 mm for GSMaP-NRT and 84.53 mm for GSMaP-NRT-GC (Table 2). Furthermore, we can see that the distance separating both GSMaP-NRT versions' maximums from the RADOME counterpart is identical (Table 2). However, both products had difficulties in correctly localising the RADOME maximum during the April case, as these distances were varied from 57.61 km  
Figure 18: As in Figure 4, but for the GSMaP-NRT GC product. within the DUR area to 132.31 km within the WMC area. The high precipitation amounts over the WMC were shifted to the west. Despite a good representation of the rain patterns, the medians of both GSMaP-NRT estimations over the areas of interest were mainly lower than the RADOME median (Table 3). As seen in Figures 17c and 18c, the spatial distribution of the absolute bias between the estimations of both versions of GSMaP-NRT and the RADOME observations shows strong underestimation signals across the south of France. These negative biases ranged from \(-\)3.72 mm over JUR to \(-\)14.06 mm over SAL for GSMaP-NRT and from \(-\)6.51 mm over CEV to \(-\)16.78 mm over GSMaP-NRT-GC. Only GSMaP-NRT-GC had a small area of overestimation located over the JUR area (\(+\)3.84 mm in average). For the June case (Figures 17b and 18b), the precipitation pattern estimated by both GSMaP-NRT products extended from the NMC area to the border with Germany, agreeing with the RADOME observations. The intensity of the precipitation pattern over the NMC area indicates that GSMaP-NRT products estimated moderate- and low-intensity precipitation amounts (approx. 80 mm for GSMaP-NRT and approx. 50 mm for GSMaP-NRT-GC). In fact, Table 2 reveals that the maximum within NMC area was evaluated to be 83.97 mm with GSMaP-NRT and 51.15 mm with GSMaP-NRT-GC, much lower than the RADOME maximum (136.70 mm). Both maximums were located at a distance of 77.85 km from the northeast of the Chastreix station where the RADOME maximum is recorded. By looking at the spatial distribution of the absolute biases for both GSMaP-NRT versions (Figures 17d and 18d), we can see a strong underestimation signal, which is more defined with GSMaP-NRT-GC. This is confirmed as the precipitation estimation median inside the NMC was lower than RADOME (26.02 mm for GSMaP-NRT and 15.85 mm for GSMaP-NRT-GC against 35.7 mm for RADOME; Table 3) and quantified at \(-\)15.73 mm for GSMaP-NRT and \(-\)26.17 mm for GSMaP-NRT-GC. These results show that GSMaP-Now and its gauge-adjusted version did not correctly identify the position of both the case studies, unlike GSMaP-NRT which identified the precipitation fields observed by RADOME. GSMaP-Now showed underestimation signals compared to the rain-gauge reference, which tended to be reduced with the gauge adjustment. In contrast, GSMaP-NRT identified the precipitation events, and the distance between the GSMaP-NRT (and GSMaP-NRT-GC) and RADOME maximums were smaller than the one found with the GSMaP-Now products. Both GSMaP-Now and GSMaP-NRT products presented small differences compared to their respective gauge-adjusted versions but these differences were not uniform and varied at the local scale (e.g., the decrease in estimated values from GSMaP-NRT to GSMaP-NRT-GC during the April case; Table 3). With the 8 th version of GSMaP, [PERSON] et al.