# Assessment of Smart Mechatronics Applications in Agriculture: A Review
## 2 Literature Review
Automation technologies that a smart greenhouse system integrates to achieve sustainable agriculture include (1) use of IoT sensors to collect greenhouse data on environmental parameters, such as humidity, temperature, light, soil moisture, concentration, and pH; (2) a photovoltaic-thermal (PVT) solar energy-based system to generate photovoltaic energy, which is necessary for operation of the electrical system and thus economical; and (3) Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) nodes that provide cloud storage and thus enable remote control of the greenhouse system [63; 64; 65; 66]. (G) Smart irrigation  
Mechatronics and automation technologies can be used to develop a modern smart irrigation system that operates on real-time field data by combining and deploying the following technologies: (1) IoT-based sensor modules distributed at strategic locations (i.e., nodes) on the farm to monitor various parameters including temperature, humidity, soil moisture, and water level; and (2) CoT-based thermal imaging, which enables remote field surface temperature mapping and water content analysis in different regions, and therefore offers a technique that favors less irrigated areas to ensure equal distribution of water in the field [67; 68; 69]. * Smart warehousing Smart warehousing Smart warehousing can help in the effective monitoring and control of farm produce. With the help of IoT sensors, automatic, and timely re-ordering of farm supplies and machinery spare parts can be done, which ensures continuous operation of the farm, reducing farm breakdown minimal waste of time, and lower inventory costs [70]. In addition, RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) sensors can be used to clearly mark the farm's produce, enabling safe and accurate tracking throughout the supply chain, i.e., from field to wholesale and then to retailers who distribute it to consumers. An IoT-based storage system can automatically monitor farm crop conditions to create optimal conditions to reduce post-harvest losses, improve yield, and increase farm productivity. Therefore, this intelligent warehouse technology implementation on the farm can ensure (1) agricultural evaluation metrics, where points and indices can be given to the farmer and consumers based on value-based activities; (2) goal setting from feedback based on farm processes and/or products; and (3) RFID-based blockchain sustainability, providing food tracking from farm harvest and storage to delivery and distribution to consumers [71; 72; 73]. * Auto-steering Tractors that combine GIS-based terrain mapping can be used for a range of field operations, from cultivation to harvesting. These autonomous tractors [18] have a 3D laser scanner, GPS-enabled cameras, and other multiple sensors that detect various parameters, such as terrain and weather conditions [74]. * Smart harvesting machinery An integrated camera surveillance system in smart harvesting machines can be used to provide the operator with a wider field of view while working in the field. This improved machine control range improves machine performance in the field. In addition, a robotic harvester with advanced GPS integration and improved accuracy has been developed, which may be another good candidate for automating farm harvesting operations [75; 76]. * Precision farming With the introduction of digital agriculture, real-time and accurate information can be collected from the field, leading to the development of data-based agriculture. This information can be used to determine soil and crop properties, improve productivity, monitor progress, predict yields, and use natural resources optimally to achieve environmental sustainability. Implementing precision farming can also help reduce resource waste and increase farm profit margins [77; 78]. * Farming productivity Modern automated farming methods contribute greatly to the mechanization of agriculture and fulfil the operational needs of the farm. Although technological innovations are very reliable, production stops when agricultural machinery or agricultural systems fail.