## 3 Results
The results were confirmed with both parametric tests (ANOVA) and non-parametric tests (Kruskal-Wallis). Figure 1: GAT bar graph for normophonic and AdSD voices. The central horizontal line and the bottom and top edges of the boxes indicate the median, 25 th, and 75 th percentiles, respectively. The whiskers are indicative of extreme data points after the outlier removal. The individual stars show the outliers. We also investigated the relationship between GAT and GOT measures separately for the two groups. Based on the aggregate data, the correlation between the GAT and GOT was very high (Pearson r = 0.635 for the normophonic and r = 0.79 for the AdSD group). The bar graph of the GATs for the normophonic and AdSD group is shown in Figure 1. The data for different subjects are shown with different color bars as indicated in the legend. The median of each participant's data is shown by the central horizontal lines in the boxes, and the edges of the boxes represent the 25 th and 75 th percentiles. The whiskers extend to the extreme data points after the outlier removal and the outliers are shown by the individual stars. A similar bar graph for the GOT values for the normophonic and AdSD group is shown in Figure 2. Although more outliers are observed in the AdSD group for the GAT measures (Figure 1), the number of outliers for the GOTs in the normophonic group is higher than in the AdSD group (Figure 2). The number of onsets/offsets for which the GAT/GOT were measured were compared between the AdSD and normophonic groups. Moreover, the comparison of the number of GAT/GOT with values equal to zero was conducted. None of the differences were statistically significant, but the direction of the effect sizes was as follows: The AdSD group had a lower average number of onsets (42.6 vs. 54) and offsets (50.4 vs. 62.3), a higher number of onsets with zero GATs (4.6 vs. 1.75), and a higher number of offsets with zero GATs (8.6 vs. 4.8). The statistical tests were repeated after removing the GATs and GOTs with zero values associated with hard glottal attacks/offsets. Accordingly, the AdSD group showed statistically significantly higher average values for GAT than the normophonic group (\(p\) = 0.037). The GOT averages for the AdSD group were slightly higher than the normophonic group, but the difference was not statistically significant. The results were confirmed with both parametric tests (ANOVA) and non-parametric tests (Kruskal-Wallis). The generalized linear model with repeated measures showed that the AdSD group had, on average, higher GAT values than the normophonic group (by the average time of 2.4 ms to 4.0 ms), and the difference was statistically significant. The repeated measures model for the GOT did not achieve a clear picture of the effect of the disorder, as it did not show statistically significant differences between the two groups. No effect of gender or age was observed. The GAT and GOT of the normophonic male participants were higher than those of the normophonic females. No statistically significant differences were observed for the GATs/GOTs between the true and false vocal folds onsets/offsets for S3M. However, the average GATs/GOTs of the  
Figure 2: GOT bar graph for normophonic and AdSD voices. The central horizontal line and the bottom and top edges of the boxes indicate the median, 25 th, and 75 th percentiles, respectively. The whiskers are indicative of extreme data points after the outlier removal. The individual stars show the outliers. false vocal folds were longer with higher variation than those of the true vocal folds. The average GAT was 19.4 ms (std of 5.2 ms) for the true vocal folds and 25.9 ms (std of 18.9 ms) for the false vocal folds in S3M. The average GOT was 25.4 ms (std of 14.1 ms) for the true vocal folds and 30.8 ms (std of 17.1 ms) for the false vocal folds. The CV value of 73% for the GATs of the false vocal folds and 27% for the true vocal folds was also indicative of the much greater variability of the GAT of the false vocal folds.