## 4 Results and Discussion
### Experiment
For every error type in each medium, the numbers of errors placed, values of the mean (SD) and Kruskal-Wallis H, and significant difference (\(p\)-value) in the three media are shown in Table 4. As discussed above, 22 errors were placed with 12 types. A statistically significant difference was found in the average performance of the three groups in detecting the error in the changed stair beam and column size. However, on the other hand, there was no statistically significant difference between the three groups in the rest of the errors such as: stair not connected to upper floor, slab and door/window, column and door/window, stair and beam, stair and column, still height error, still height of bathroom windows/exhaust fan, beam size changed, floor level changed, and extra beam. Overall, out of 22 design errors intentionally placed in the building design model, the Oculus Quest 2 groups identified 12.28 average errors, the monitor-based group identified 12.13, and the paper-based group identified 10.42. The \(p\)-value was greater than 0.05, which means no significant difference was found in detecting the total number of errors in these  
Figure 7: Cognitive load score of participants in the different groups. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Design Errors** & **Media** & **No of Errors** **Placed** & **Mean (SD)** & **Kruskal-H Test** & **Significance (\(p\))** \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Stair and beam} & Paper & & 0.52 (0.51) & & & \\  & Monitor & 1 & 0.82 (0.39) & 8.261 & 0.016 * \\  & Oculus Quest 2 & & 0.81 (.39) & & & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Stair and slab} & Paper & & 0.67 (0.48) & & & \\  & Monitor & 1 & 0.64 (0.49) & 0.864 & 0.650 ** \\  & Oculus Quest 2 & & 0.72 (0.45) & & & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Stair and column} & Paper & & 0.55 (0.51) & & & \\  & Monitor & 1 & 0.7 (0.47) & 6.045 & 0.051 ** \\  & Oculus Quest 2 & & 0.81 (0.39) & & & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Sill height error} & Paper & & 1.73 (1.26) & & & \\  & Monitor & 4 & 2.09 (0.72) & 2.471 & 0.291 ** \\  & Oculus Quest 2 & & 1.94 (1.20) & & & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Sill height of bathroom windows/ exhaust fan} & Paper & & 1.21 (0.60) & & & \\  & Monitor & 2 & 1.27 (0.52) & 2.16 & 0.34 ** \\  & Oculus Quest 2 & & 1.06 (0.66) & & & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Beam size changed} & Paper & & 1.03 (0.53) & & & \\  & Monitor & 2 & 0.97 (0.53) & 0.45 & 0.79 ** \\  & Oculus Quest 2 & & 1.06 (0.68) & & & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Column size changed} & Paper & & 0.58 (0.66) & & & \\  & Monitor & 2 & 0.94 (0.70) & 6.04 & 0.049 * \\  & Oculus Quest 2 & & 0.97 (0.66) & & & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Floor level changed} & Paper & & 0.67 (0.48) & & & \\  & Monitor & 1 & 0.64 (0.49) &.089 & 0.95 ** \\  & Oculus Quest 2 & & 0.66 (0.49) & & & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Extra beam} & Paper & & 1.18 (0.58) & & & \\  & Monitor & 3 & 1.36 (1.06) & 1.741 & 0.419 ** \\  & Oculus Quest 2 & & 1.53 (0.80) & & & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{_Total number of errors_} & _Paper_ & 22 & _10.28 (7.11)_ & & & \\  & Monitor & 22 & _12.13 (7.2)_ & _5.898_ & _0.052 ** \\  & Oculus Quest 2 & 22 & _12.28 (7.28)_ & & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} Note.* Significant difference (\(p<0.05\)), ** insignificant difference (\(p>0.05\)).  
\end{table} 
Table 4: _Cont._