# Identifying Energy-Use Behavior and Energy-Use Profiles of Hotel Guests
## 4 Methodology
### Developing Energy-Use Behavior Hypotheses and Their Relevant Measures  
A set of eleven hypotheses and their relevant measures is developed to investigate and validate the relationship between the energy-related behavior models and energy-use behavior of hotel guests as shown in Figure 1. It is noteworthy to mention that each energy-related behavior model is color-coded to match its relevant category in Figure 1. For example, TPB categories \"Attitude\", \"Social Norms\", and \"Perceived Behavioral Control\" are highlighted in yellow, and each of these categories is linked to Hypothesis of H4, H6, and H11, respectively. Hypothesis 1 (H1), Hypothesis 2 (H2), Hypothesis 3 (H3), Hypothesis 4 (H4), and Hypothesis 5 (H5), are designed to test the Motivation level of hotel guests as presented in Table 1 and Figure 1. H1 is designed to predict if guests' high motivation levels have an impact on their energy reduction behavior. H2 is designed to investigate if guests with high personal norms have an effect on their energy reduction behaviors in the presence of energy reduction motivation. H3 is designed to predict if hotel guests' ascription of responsibility has an effect on their energy reduction behaviors in the presence of energy reduction motivation. H4 is designed to determine whether positive attitude can change guests' energy consumption behavior when they are also motivated to reduce energy. H5 is designed to investigate if guests' environmental concern levels have any impact on their energy reduction behaviors in the presence of energy reduction motivation. Accordingly, the related hypotheses are stated as follows:  
**Hypothesis 1 (H1). **_Occupants with higher energy conservation Motivation levels will perform more energy conservation behaviors than will occupants with lower energy conservation Motivation levels._  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline \ \begin{tabular}{c} **Research** \\ **Hypothesis** \\ \end{tabular}  & **MOA Level** & \begin{tabular}{c} **Energy-Use** \\ **Behavior Model** \\ \end{tabular}  & **Measures** & **References** \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{H1} & \multirow{3}{*}{M} & \multirow{3}{*}{MOA} & Adjusting lighting control. & \multirow{3}{*}{[7; 8; 23; 60; 61]} \\  & & & Adjusting indoor climate conditions. & \\  & & & Adopting energy conservation strategies. & \\  & & & Personal motivation. & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{H2} & \multirow{3}{*}{M} & \multirow{3}{*}{NAM} & Hotel guests’ moral obligation to reduce & \multirow{3}{*}{[8; 25; 41; 62; 63; 64; 65; 66]} \\  & & & energy consumption in their hotel room. & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{H3} & \multirow{3}{*}{M} & \multirow{3}{*}{NAM} & Hotel guest’s degree of responsibility. & [8; 41; 66; 67; 64] \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & & \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{3-4} \cline{6-6} \cline{5-6} \cl  
**Hypothesis 2 (H2). ** _Occupants with higher Personal Norms toward a behavior will perform more energy conservation behaviors than will occupants with lower Personal Norms toward a behavior when energy conservation Motivation is high as opposed to low._  
**Hypothesis 3 (H3). ** _Occupants with higher Asccription of Responsibility toward a behavior will perform more energy conservation behaviors than will occupants with lower Asccription of Responsibility when energy conservation Motivation is high as opposed to low._  
**Hypothesis 4 (H4). ** _Occupants with higher positive Attitude towards a behavior will perform more energy saving behaviors than will occupants with lower positive Attitude towards a behavior when energy conservation Motivation is high as opposed to low._  
**Hypothesis 5 (H5).