## 5 Conclusions  
In conclusion, this manuscript presents the design and implementation of a two-range Marx pulse generator using thyristor switches for biomass processing. By using diode-based charging and semiconductor switches, the generator achieves higher efficiency compared to traditional Marx generators with resistor-based charging. The installation of two modules with different capacitances of capacitors enables flexibility in the generation of pulses. The control unit, operated by a microcontroller, allows precise parameter adjustment and pulse generation, ensuring user safety and ease of operation. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Samples**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Range 1 (Pulse Length -9 \(\upmu\)s)**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Samples**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Range 2 (Pulse Length -25 \(\upmu\)s)**} \\  & **Z-Average** & \(\zeta\)**-Potential** & & & **Z-Average** & \(\zeta\)**-Potential** \\  & **(nm)** & **(mV)** & & **(nm)** & **(mV)** \\ \hline Control & 166.4 \(\pm\) 2.1 b & \(-30.5\pm 2.4\) a & Control & 166.4 \(\pm\) 1.5 c & \(-30.5\pm 1.8\) a \\
3 kV/cm & 198.0 \(\pm\) 3.5 a & \(-35.5\pm 1.9\) b & 7 kV/cm & 175.7 \(\pm\) 2.7 b & \(-36.2\pm 2.4\) b \\
8.8 kV/cm & 203.3 \(\pm\) 2.3 a & \(-36.6\pm 1.4\) b & 14.8 kV/cm & 181.2 \(\pm\) 1.8 a & \(-36.7\pm 3.1\) b \\
16 kV/cm & 197.8 \(\pm\) 1.6 a & \(-36.1\pm 2.1\) b & 22.6 kV/cm & 172.2 \(\pm\) 1.4 b & \(-35.8\pm 2.9\) b \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Particle size parameters (z-average) and \(\zeta\)-potential protein solubility of PEF-treated and untreated CSM. Means with different letters (a, b, c) within the same column indicate statistically significant differences between the samples after [PERSON]’s analysis (\(p<0.05\)). Figure 10: Fluorescence emission spectra of control (0 kV/cm) and PEF-treated casein micelles at different electric field strengths and operation Range 1 (**a**) and Range 2 (**b**). Moreover, safety considerations integrated into the system's design mitigate potential risks associated with high-voltage capacitors, such as overcurrent and overvoltage protection and the precise control of pulse parameters. The test of the Marx generator confirmed the performance of this device, highlighting its ability to produce high output voltages with adjustable repetition rate and pulse duration, positioning it as a valuable tool in various applications requiring controlled electrical pulses. The application of this generator is demonstrated through the treatment of microalgae (_C. vulgaris_) and casein micelles (CSMs) with pulsed electric fields (PEFs). Microalgae, with their economical and environmentally friendly attributes, showcase increased membrane permeability, nucleic acid leakage, and protein release under PEF treatment. Casein micelles, known for their unique properties, exhibited changes in particle size, \(\zeta\)-potential, solubility, intrinsic fluorescence, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy profiles following PEF treatment. The presented results emphasize the significance of the generated electric field's strength and duration, demonstrating the threshold conditions for optimal biological effects. The Marx generator's ability to achieve varied pulse parameters enables a nuanced exploration of the impact of PEF on different biological materials. Overall, this work contributes to the field of green processing technologies, providing a reliable and versatile electroporation tool for diverse applications in the food and biotechnology industries. The outcomes from the investigation of microalgae and casein micelles serve as valuable insights into the potential applications and effects of PEF on different biological systems. Conceptualization, V.S., A.T. and K.J. ; methodology, V.S., K.J., A.T., S.K. ([PERSON]), A.S. and N.Z. ; software, S.T., S.K. ([PERSON]), S.K. ([PERSON]) and A.D.; validation, K.J., A.T., S.K. ([PERSON]), S.K. ([PERSON]), S.T. and A.S.; formal analysis, V.S., N.Z., K.J., A.T., A.S. and S.K. ([PERSON]); investigation, K.J., A.D., A.T., S.K.