# Massive Data Capture Approach for Modeling Existing Building Stocks
## 3 Case Study  
This new approach was validated by applying it to part of the educational stock of the Barcelona Metropolitan Area. This project focuses on state-school buildings, which represent 43% of the total [70]. Most of these schools were built in the 1960s and 1970s, before the first Spanish energy code was introduced in 1979. These pre-energy code educational centers have concrete frames and slab floors, with cavity brick and uninsulated facades. The sample comprised 92 schools, after discarding buildings without enough information, those that are planned to be demolished, and those without public ownership or historical listings, as presented in Figure 2. This sample was subdivided into three typologies by means of the clustering k-means algorithm. The methodology presented in this research paper was first applied to Bellvitge school, the real-reference school building of the cluster BCN.C2 [71], because it is the closest to the cluster centroid and was validated by checking it against annual energy consumption. This building was chosen for the project so that the results could be upscaled to the entire BCN.C2 cluster, which has the following features: mid-rise linear schools with single-side circulations, built using reinforced concrete frames, with uninsulated walls and concrete slabs, and with a high window-to-wall ratio. Figure 2: Barcelona’s public-school buildings in need of rehabilitation and their classification into clusters. Bellivitge school is an elementary educational center in a medium-density built-up Barcelona Metropolitan Area. This center can hold up to 250 pupils in 18 classrooms, 4 tutorship rooms, a dining room, a library, and areas for offices and services. It was built in 1972 on a 2683 m\({}^{2}\) site, following an H-shaped plan, with two main parallel linear blocks and two transversal short blocks. The main front block is three stories high, and the main rear block is four stories, with the lowest being a semi-basement. The school is oriented so that the main front block has its facade facing south-west where there is a large playground without urban shading, and therefore, it has considerable direct solar gains. The main rear block faces a 10-story apartment block. This school has a reinforced concrete framed structure with slab floors composed of precast joists and ceramic vaults. There are three types of exterior walls: the below-grade retaining wall, the exposed brick facades, and the brick facades with external mortar rendering. There are two types of roofs: the main roof and the ground floor terraces. Both roofs were retrofitted in recent years when thermal insulation was added. The difference between roofs is the exterior finishing. The main roof has clay tiles, and the terraces have weatherproof membranes. All facades and roofs have a thermal insulation performance that cannot meet the Spanish regulations [70]. In consequence, there are renovation needs from energy and comfort perspectives. Deep energy renovation should also solve infiltration as the main cause of heat loss. Walls and fenestration are the second source of heat loss. Other relevant factors are direct solar gains during the summer, uncontrolled heating systems, and a lack of appropriate ventilation, all of which need renovation to comply with the new energy code and optimize energy consumption. To improve comfort, renovation should solve the problem of overheating during the winter, hot temperatures in the summer, glare and non-uniform daylight availability, and stuffiness. This school digital modeling is needed for the aforementioned competitive research project WiSeR. The project aims to develop new shadings for the openings of school buildings within the circular economy concept, using construction and demolition waste. The simulation task is designed to simulate the classrooms with new solar control systems--considering energy, fire safety, and lighting behavior--and characterize the performance of the new shading devices--in terms of acoustic, mechanical, fire safety, lighting, and sustainability features.