## 5 Conclusions  
In this study, we inferred the human activities from the rainstorm-related Weibo posts and examined how different levels of human activities are associated with different rainfall amount levels at both city and grid scales. The consistency between the rainfall amount and the human activities could be explained by the distribution of the water ponding sites and major transportation hubs. The regions with high density of water ponding sites and major transportation hubs tend to show intense human \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**ENRR**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Area(km\({}^{2}\))**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Water Ponding Points**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Major Transportation Hubs**} \\ \cline{3-6}  & & **Number** & **Density** & **Number** & **Density** \\ \hline L\({}_{\text{R}}\)L\({}_{\text{P}}\) & 915 & 35 & 3.8 & 25 & 2.7 \\ ML & 702 & 29 & 4.1 & 14 & 2.0 \\ HL & 202 & 4 & 2.0 & 10 & 5.0 \\ LM & 228 & 27 & 11.8 & 17 & 7.5 \\ MM & 182 & 15 & 8.2 & 16 & 8.8 \\ HM & 19.4 & 3 & 15.5 & 1 & 5.2 \\ LH & 82.5 & 6 & 7.3 & 9 & 10.9 \\ MH & 79 & 11 & 13.9 & 6 & 7.6 \\ HH & 22.8 & 3 & 13.2 & 2 & 8.8 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: The statistics of water ponding sites and transportation hubs by different ENRR categories. Figure 14: The ROC curves of the influencing factors. response to rainstorms in terms of the number of rainstorm-related Weibo posts. At different time periods, the intensity of human responses to rainstorm events in areas of different attributes and functions were also very different. The human response has been significantly enhanced during the early and late peak hours and is concentrated in important transportation hubs and water ponding sites. The occurrence of a rainstorm event has a huge impact on human travel. Analysis of the rainstorm-related posts suggests that there is no significant difference between the impacting ranging (~3.3 km) of a water ponding site and a major transportation hub. We found that on the large scale, although the ground disaster space has a high consistency with the social media space, the intensity of responses at different stages, different spatial areas, and during different time periods of the disaster on social media platform were different. When looking at spatial differences on a grid scale for urban disaster events, the impacts of different types of region vary greatly due to the complexity of human-land relationships. During a rainstorm, the existence of special areas such as urban water ponding points, traffic stations, main jobs and housing areas, important line sites, and some disaster sites have led to frequent occurrence of secondary disasters and become major concentrated areas where humans respond strongly. These results show that there are time and space differences in the human response at the urban scale and grid scale under urban rainstorm events. Our research on the spatial consistency is similar to the previous research conclusions [36; 39; 49], but a further exploration of fine spatiotemporal process and supplementation of the factors affecting the differences in human responses give us a new understanding of the human-land relationship under the event conditions at a fine scale. Of course, this study has some defects that can be ameliorated by additional research to improve upon our framework and further research goals. This study only examined the number of rainstorm-related Weibo posts without considering other information available in the original Weibo posts, such as the emotions, themes, and characteristics of the social media information. Other multi-source spatial data such as the nighttime lights, ambient population data, and road traffic congestion data, if successfully integrated, could provide a more comprehensive study on the human response to a natural disaster.