# A Versatile Resilience Packet Ring Protocol Model for Homogeneous Networks
###### Abstract  
Optimizing routes and paths improves network performance. Due to the encapsulation and tunneling of the packets, mobile IP-based communication contributes to packet drops or significant delays between the sender and receiver. Packet loss during handoff reduces TCP throughput as well. One solution is to use the IEEE 802.11 Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol and TCP or UDP models to increase routing protocol performance. In the linkage of homogeneous networks, it is challenging to determine route failure. In addition, the 802.11 MAC also uses a link connection. As a result, re-covering the entire route path takes a longer time. Thus, improving wired and wireless mobile node communication and handover is both challenging and critical. To overcome this challenge, we propose to use the VerRR-based network model that allows uninterrupted communication in both wired and wireless media. VerRR is used in the network layer to avoid buffer overflow and client mobility. Our new model also identifies the cause of the route failure, whether it is due to client mobility (handover), due to link breakage (channel degradation), or due to buffer overflow. We evaluate our network model based on three performance factors, namely, the delay, packet, and packet loss, and compared it between wired and wireless media. Our Enhanced-VRPR-based network model outperforms the current VRPR wired and wireless network models. We validate our model through OMNet++ simulations. route optimization; versatile resilience packet ring protocol; packet buffering Article  
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A Versatile Resilience Packet Ring Protocol Model for Homogeneous Networks  
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[PERSON], [PERSON], [PERSON], [PERSON], [PERSON] the area of roaming/mobility and handover, the mobile IP is an excellent invention. Mobile IP is Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) standard for IPv4 (RFC 3344) and IPv6 (RFC 5944). Mobile IP allows users to keep their home IP address while moving to other networks. It also means the mobile IP allows the location-independent routing of IP datagrams over the Internet. The identity of every node covers its home address, and not its current location address. To identify its current address, there is one Care-of Address (CoA) that informs us about the mobile node location. There are two concepts in mobile IP: (1) the home agent, which keeps records of the home IP address, and permanently belongs to the home agent, and (2) the foreign agent, which is opposite to the home address concept, and it keeps a record of mobile nodes that are visiting the foreign agent. It also advertises the CoA. The home address of the mobile node is attached to the local endpoint of a tunnel. The problem occurs due to the consecutive transmission on more than one channel [2]. Moreover, due to the few available channels, the interfaces cannot be avoided, thus creating frequent route failures on the link layer. The efficiency of routing protocols in wireless networks primarily relies on three factors: First, due to the mobile handoff from one subnetwork to another subnetwork, packet loss occurs. The link failure at the MAC layer and Request To Send, Clear To Send (RTS/CTS) failure occur as well [3; 4]. Second, packets are dropped by wireless LAN routers from different connections because of buffer overflow. As a result, this creates aggregate packet drops and degrades the performance of wireless and wired networks. Last, the unpredictable and dynamic traffic demand is difficult to estimate, leading to packet drops on routers. The operation of the mobile IP can be explained as follows  
Step 1. First, server X sends the IP datagram to the home network of A. This IP datagram is destined for the mobile node A as shown in Figure 1.  
Step 2. When the IP datagram reaches the home network, the home agent receives the packet and encapsulates the CoA for mobile node A and re-transmits it. Due to the various destination IP addresses, the use of an outer IP datagram is called known as 'tunneling'. Figure 1: Operation of mobile IP. Step 3.