# Decarbonizing European Industry: A Novel Technology to Heat Supply Using Waste and Renewable Energy
## 4 The Theoretical Potential (TP) of Implementing the SUSHEAT System across the EU28  
In this section, the heat demand within the 150 \({}^{\circ}\)C to 250 \({}^{\circ}\)C temperature range was analyzed to assess the theoretical potential (TP) for implementing the SUSHEAT system in EU28 industries. The TP results for meeting heat demand are detailed in Table 2. These calculations were derived from the heat demand values shown in Figure 7, specifically for the temperature range of 150 \({}^{\circ}\)C to 250 \({}^{\circ}\)C. The theoretical potential relative to the total industrial heat demand was determined by dividing the heat demand of each industry by the total heat demand of 1600 TWh. The SUSHEAT system has a significant potential for application across all the industries listed in Table 2. As presented in Table 2, the total theoretical potential amounts to 134.92 TWh. The theoretical potential of the SUSHEAT system represents roughly 8.38% of the total industrial heat demand. According to the results obtained, the basic metals industry utilized 1.30% of its total heat demand for generating low and medium temperatures. Table 2 also highlights that the highest potential is found in the chemical industry (38.20 TWh), followed by the food and tobacco industry (31.04 TWh), pulp and paper (12.76 TWh), and machinery (9.56 TWh). The industry of chemicals and chemical products has a great heat demand (2.38%) and significant potential for incorporating the SUSHEAT system into different processes. The TP for the sector of transport equipment and textiles and leather industry is 2.28 TWh and 7.60 TWh, consisting of 1.68% and 5.63% of the total theoretical potential, respectively. These industrial sectors do not need heat at high temperatures above 400 \({}^{\circ}\)C, based on that reported in Figure 7. Anyway, the chemicals industry and food and beverages industries exhibited the greatest potential for using the SUSHEAT system, with a TP of 38.20 TWh and 31.04 TWh accounting for 28.31% and 23.00% of the total theoretical potential, respectively (Table 2). This sector does not need a high temperature of \(>\)400 \({}^{\circ}\)C. The paper and pulp industry has a theoretical potential of 12.76 TWh, representing 9.45% of the total TP outlined in Table 2. Other unspecified industrial sectors, including construction, wood and wood product manufacturing, and additional sectors outlined in the NACE Rev. 2 classification (Eurostat, 2023), have a TP of 19.72 TWh, which represents 14.61% of the total TP and 1.23% of total industrial heat demand. Regardless of this, it is imperative to specify the heat consumption fulfilled by heat pumps and the proportion of the heat consumption by industry sectors. The conclusive step of this examination involves aligning the recoverable waste heat with the operation of industrial heat pumps to meet a portion of the heat demand. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline
**Industry** & **Processes** &
\begin{tabular}{c} **Required** \\ **Temperature (\({}^{\circ}\)C)** \\ \end{tabular} & **References** \\ \hline Water & Evaporating of wastewater & 130–150 & [38] \\ Chemistry & Soaps & 200–260 & [38] \\ Synthetic rubber & 150–200 & \\ Process heat & 120–180 & [33] \\ Agricultural products & Drying & 80–200 & [33] \\ Textile & Degreasing & 160–180 & \\  & Drying & 100–130 & \\ Plastics & Drying & 180–200 & [33] \\ Wood products & Pulp preparation & 120–170 & [33] \\ Iron and steel & Heating & 180–220 & [31] \\ Non-ferrous & & & \\ metals & Drying & 60–200 & [38] \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: _Cont._Figure 8 shows the overall heat consumption potential of heat pumps across all considered industries, highlighting the most favorable sectors. In addition, each bar in the temperature bands displays the percentage of heat consumption that can be addressed by the upgraded heat at the top of the bar.