# Optimization Scheme for Modulation of Data Transmission Module in Endoscopic Capsule
## 1 Introduction  
With the development of healthcare, people are no longer limited to traditional detection methods. For example, some tests that require patients' internal examination are no longer confined to wired methods but focus more on user experience. A typical medical application is gastrointestinal endoscopy, where a patient swallows and excretes an endoscopic capsule that sends signals for detecting its internal conditions [1, 2, 3]. Gastrointestinal endoscopy is mainly used to help diagnose diseases such as gastritis, gastric ulcers, gastroesophageal reflux disease, intestinal inflammation, and digestive tract tumors. Through gastrointestinal endoscopy, doctors can directly observe the condition of the stomach, esophagus, small intestine, and large intestine, identifying lesions such as ulcers, tumors, and polyps for precise localization. This requires an investigation of the signal transmission quality in body area network environments [4, 5, 6]. An important aspect of smart healthcare is the development of communication technology for internal body channels, such as endoscopic capsules. The usage of an endoscopic capsule involves ingesting a capsule that contains communication functionality, allowing it to transmit real-time data while traveling through the gastrointestinal tract. The capsule can capture gastrointestinal images and send them to external devices for analysis and diagnosis, offering a less invasive alternative to traditional approaches like gastroscopy or colonoscopy [7]. A key challenge in this fieldis ensuring the communication system can effectively adapt to a patient's internal body environment, including dealing with interference and maintaining a stable connection [8]. This is a critical area of focus in advanced smart healthcare technologies. Wireless body area networks (WBANs) are emerging technologies that play a critical role in various fields, particularly in healthcare and medical monitoring applications. WBANs enable continuous monitoring of physiological parameters through wearable devices, providing real-time health data to clinicians for better decision-making and timely interventions [9]. These networks are composed of small, low-power devices embedded in or worn on the body, which communicate wirelessly with external devices such as smartphones or health monitoring systems. The IEEE 802.15.6 standard has been specifically designed to address the unique challenges of WBANs, including energy efficiency, low latency, and reliability in healthcare settings [3]. Recent research has focused on improving the performance of WBANs by optimizing medium access control (MAC) protocols and Physical (PHY) layer parameters. For instance, a modified IEEE 802.15.6 MAC scheme has been proposed to enhance performance in e-health applications by adjusting superframe structures and access mechanisms to better meet healthcare demands [10]. Considering a practical scenario, the channel model 2 (CM2) in the WBAN standard is a variable on-body channel model described in the IEEE. Additionally, a study by [PERSON] et al. investigates the effects of MAC and PHY layer parameters on the performance of IEEE 802.15.6 CSMA/CA, using a Markov chain-based model to assess network performance under various scenarios [11]. The integration of WBANs with advanced modulation schemes and energy-efficient technologies holds significant potential for improving healthcare delivery through continuous, real-time health monitoring. However, overcoming the challenges of signal interference, energy consumption, and scalability remains a critical area of research. Future developments in this field should focus on optimizing communication protocols, enhancing energy efficiency, and exploring more robust integration strategies with existing healthcare infrastructures [12; 13]. Given the capsule's compact size and the realities of patient use, what is needed is a low-cost, low-power modulation that delivers reliable communication without bulky or power-hungry filters and equalizers.