Under different geological conditions, coal seams, as widely distributed strata, primarily rely on adsorption to store gases within the pore spaces of coal rocks [10]. [PERSON] et al. [11] experimentally prepared 20 types of activated carbon from four coals of different coal ranks and studied the effect of oxygen content on hydrogen storage performance. The study found an inverse relationship between the specific surface area of the coal and hydrogen adsorption capacity. The highest hydrogen adsorption of 6.8 wt.% was obtained under experimental conditions of 4 MPa and 196 \({}^{\circ}\)C. [PERSON] et al. [12] demonstrated the hydrogen adsorption capacity of sub-bituminous coal through hydrogen adsorption experiments, obtaining maximum hydrogen adsorption of 0.6 mols H\({}_{2}\)/kg at 14.3 MPa and 318 K and observed that the adsorption capacity increased initially and then stabilized with increasing adsorption pressure. [PERSON] et al. [13] investigated the gas adsorption capacities of the Karanpura coalfield and explored the reasons for hydrogen loss during coal seam hydrogen storage. They found that the introduction of methane and carbon dioxide reduced the loss of hydrogen adsorption in coal seams, while the pore and fracture system in coal affected the migration and adsorption of coal seam gas within the coal reservoir. For coals of different metamorphic degrees, low-rank coals, such as high-carbon, low-energy coals, exhibit unique structural characteristics that result in hydrogen adsorption properties distinct from those of other coal types [14]. The structure of low-rank coal contains abundant micropores and mesopores, with a highly active surface that enables effective adsorption of gas molecules [15]. [PERSON] et al. [16] investigated the pore characteristics and adsorption capacity of low-rank coal by selecting four low-metamorphism coals and combining low-temperature gas adsorption experiments with micropore filling theory. They found that 94.71% of methane in low-rank coal was adsorbed in the micropore system (0.38-1.50 nm), and the moisture, volatile matter, and ash content in low-rank coal inhibited methane adsorption. [PERSON] et al. [17], through isothermal adsorption experiments and the construction of an adsorption-desorption-permeation experimental platform, explored the pore structure of low-rank and high-rank coals and the deformation behavior of coal samples during methane adsorption. They found that, under the same experimental stress, low-rank coal exhibited higher permeability than high-rank coal. During the simulation study of hydrogen adsorption by coal, [PERSON] et al. [18] investigated the relationship between coal rank and H\({}_{2}\) adsorption through the constructed microporous model of coal with different coal ranks and found a positive correlation between the coal rank and the absolute adsorption amount of H\({}_{2}\), concluding that anthracite coal seams have a high hydrogen storage capacity. [PERSON] et al. [19] introduced heteroatoms into the carbon skeleton and investigated the adsorption capacity of the coal-based adsorbent modified with heteroatom functional groups for H\({}_{2}\) and CH\({}_{4}\) by means of numerical simulations and found that the maximum hydrogen adsorption, 0.6 mmol/g, could be obtained at 20 bar and 298 K. [PERSON] et al. [20] investigated the adsorption capacity of different coal ranks for H\({}_{2}\) by a combination of experiments and numerical simulations and found that the organic pores and micropores in the coal pore structure provided the most effective hydrogen adsorption sites, proving that hydrogen adsorption hardly occurs at low pressure and that there exists a higher adsorption capacity at high pressure and that higher pore connectivity leads to higher efficiency of hydrogen entry into the pores and adsorption.