###### Abstract  
Maritime transportation is crucial for global trade but faces significant risks and operational challenges. Ensuring safety is essential for protecting lives, the environment, and economic stability. This review explores the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in enhancing maritime safety and risk management. Key AI applications include risk analysis, crew resource management, hazardous material handling, predictive maintenance, and navigation systems. AI systems identify potential hazards, provide real-time decision support, monitor hazardous materials, predict equipment failures, and optimize shipping routes. Case studies, such as Wartsila's Fleet Operations Solution and ABB Ability(tm) Marine Pilot Vision, illustrate the benefits of AI in improving safety and efficiency. Despite these advancements, integrating AI poses challenges related to infrastructure compatibility, data quality, and regulatory issues. Addressing these is essential for successful AI implementation. This review highlights AI's potential to transform maritime safety, emphasizing the need for innovation, standardized practices, and robust regulatory frameworks to achieve safer and more efficient maritime operations. maritime safety; AI; risk management; crew resource management; hazardous material handling; predictive maintenance; navigation systems; maritime operations +
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Given these challenges, there is a growing interest in leveraging advanced technologies, particularly artificial intelligence (AI), to enhance maritime safety and risk management. AI offers innovative solutions for risk assessment, predictive maintenance, seafarer resource management, and navigation, transforming the maritime industry by improving operational safety and efficiency [13; 14]. This review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of AI applications in maritime safety and risk management. It explores various AI technologies and their implementations in the maritime sector, highlighting their benefits, challenges, and future prospects. Several recent reviews have explored AI applications in maritime contexts, focusing on specific areas such as autonomous vessels [15; 16] and port operations [17]. This review differentiates itself by providing a broader analysis of AI's role in enhancing maritime safety across multiple domains, including risk management, crew resource management, and hazardous material handling. By synthesizing AI applications and case studies, this review aims to offer a comprehensive perspective not addressed in previous works. The review focuses on issues such as navigation systems, which can greatly improve the work of the navigation officer by providing integrated data to assist in the navigator's decision-making and reduce time. The article also discusses the important aspect of managing the separation of transported dangerous goods, leading to a reduction in segregation time and the demonstration of conflicts between individual cargoes at the time of occurrence. The review addresses an aspect of the challenge of managing the wider risks on board a ship, from managing and complying with the necessary inspections and audits to supporting the navigator's decisions to avoid collisions. The article explains the relevance of AI in managing the ship's energy and reducing fuel consumption, thereby reducing harmful emissions. The article also discusses the possibilities of improving crew skills through the use of extensive AI resources. Through a synthesis of recent research and case studies, this article underscores the significant contributions of AI to maritime safety and the overall resilience of the maritime industry. Safety in maritime transportation refers to the measures and practices implemented to prevent accidents and incidents that could endanger human life, damage property, or harm the marine environment.