# Evaluation of Mechanical Performance of a New Disc Spring-Cable Counter Pressure Shock Absorber
## 1 Introduction  
When earthquakes break out, the seismic effects on buildings and related structures are not only horizontal, but also vertical. However, during the earthquake process that people have been experiencing, the horizontal action is far greater than the vertical action, thus ignoring the harm of vertical action. However, a large number of facts have proven that vertical earthquakes in high-intensity areas (especially epicenter areas) can also bring huge economic losses, threaten people's safety, and bring harm to society that cannot be underestimated [1, 2]. Among the 30 seismic records obtained during the 1979 Imperial Valley earthquake in the United States, the average ratio between vertical and horizontal peak acceleration was 0.77. What is more, the average ratio of 11 records near the fault was 1.12, with the maximum ratio reaching 2.4 [3]. The record of maximum vertical and horizontal ratio exceeding 1.6 was found during the Northridge earthquake in the United States and the Hanshin earthquake in Japan [4]. In 1957, [PERSON] proposed at the first national seismic conference in China that the vertical seismic motion was the main cause of damage to certain brick chimneys [5]. [PERSON] et al. [6] conducted response spectrum analysis on theacceleration of the horizontal and bidirectional components of earthquakes, and found that the vertical effect of near-field earthquakes is significantly higher than that of far-field earthquakes. In addition, such phenomena as objects being thrown from the ground in the near-field earthquake area also occurred from time to time, such as the Wenchuan and Ya'an earthquakes in China [7], and the Turkiye earthquake this year. It can be seen that vertical seismic ground motion and structural vertical seismic response have attracted widespread attention from scholars at home and abroad. [PERSON] et al. [8] developed novel models to forecast PGA in case of the Iraqi database, which utilizes the particle swarm optimization (PSO) approach. A consistent prediction of PGA can be obtained by the proposed PSO models with a high degree of accuracy. Through comparative analysis of a large number of earthquake records, [PERSON] [9] found that vertical seismic action can have a significant impact on buildings, and explained the importance of vertical seismic action in seismic analysis of structures that cannot be ignored. [PERSON] & [PERSON] [10] conducted research on the isolation mechanism and vertical isolation devices, in which the relationship between the vertical stiffness and characteristic frequency of input excitations is established, and the formula for stiffness in the vertical direction is developed. [PERSON] & [PERSON] [11; 12] analyzed 94 sets of earthquake records in Sichuan, Gansu, Shaanxi, and other regions during the Wenchuan earthquake, focusing on studying the vertical and horizontal peak accelerations, acceleration response spectra, and predominant periods. This research found that the average ratio of vertical and horizontal peak accelerations is 0.58, and about 30% greater than 0.67. [PERSON] et al. [13] conducted near-field and far-field response spectrum analysis on 111 free field strong earthquake records in California, and found that the top of the structure has a significant amplification effect when considering vertical ground motions. [PERSON] & [PERSON] [14] synthesized the near-field vertical ground motion of the Fukuoka earthquake in Japan, and compared the synthesized results with the observed records, which found that the difference in peak acceleration between the two is not significant. [PERSON] et al. [15] studied the seismic response of multi-layer isolation structures, showing that vertical earthquakes amplified the vertical seismic response. The top peak accelerations of the non-isolation and isolation structures were 0.095 m/s\({}^{2}\) and 0.107 m/s\({}^{2}\), respectively, with an increase of 12%.