## 5 Implementation
### Feature Analysis  
This section delves into the characteristics of the proposed system. Table 2 highlights the distinctions between the proposed approach and the existing framework.  
1. Decentralization: The proposed workflow transforms the functionality of each entity involved in the supply chain, as there is no single authority that holds data centrally and can manipulate them to an extent that harms anyone in the chain. Blockchain embedding in the existing procedure enables a decentralized procedure for storing relevant data on the chain, such as FCI-approved seeds in the form of a minted token, and the transaction records of the purchases carried out by the farmer.  
Figure 13: Example of the gas fees paid.  
2. Accountability: The notion of updating the status in real time by triggering an appropriate function in a smart contract enables us to identify the responsible entity in the supply chain as accountable and hence figure out where the process is halted in order to optimize the operations of the chain in the near future.
3. Transparency: After ordering seeds, a farmer can track his or her order in real time, which ensures that no foul play is possible and that the farmer does not have to worry about his or her order getting misplaced, as the responsible entity can be tagged very easily.
4. Immutability: All data written to a blockchain are permanent, and hence, even a minor modification to the data can drastically change the hash of the next block, which will disrupt the entire chain. Since a purchase transaction between a government entity, i.e., the warehouse, and the farmer is recorded onto the chain in a similar fashion, it ensures that the record of the transaction is non-disputable and can be considered legally binding by both parties.
5. Security: Modifiers in smart contracts like \"onlyFCI\" ensure restricted access to calling functions, which enhances security, and most of the payable functions can only be called via the owner address, which means that the contract cannot be modified; unauthorized access is only possible if a person steals the Metamask wallet of the government entity that deploys the contract, i.e., the Food Corporation of India. Further, the blockchain provides the contents of all transactions in an encrypted format, due to which the personal data submitted are anonymous.
6. No middlemen: Middlemen are largely responsible for causing corruption in the supply chain, as they have the capability of modifying transactions to create a shortage of products in the warehouse. Corruption is eliminated because all of the processes are automated and the transactions are recorded, due to which modification is restricted.
7. Trust-less: Since the existing system comprises multiple parties, to ensure a convenient system where everyone can work, smart contracts are deployed, establishing mutual trust among all entities by ensuring that different entities interact with each other without the need to trust each other.
8. Auction-driven Transportation Tenders: Tenders for the transportation of seeds are auctioned, and transporters are granted tenders on the basis of their priorities for the location _loc_ where they operate, their \(CIBIL\) score, and the _price_ they code. Thus, the monopoly of transporters in the system is prohibited, and the proposed system provides equal opportunity for each transporter to participate in tendering.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l l} \hline \hline
**Features** & **Existing** & **Proposed** \\ \hline Decentralization & - & ✓ \\ \hline Accountability & Low & High \\ \hline Transparency & Low & High \\ \hline Immutability & - & High \\ \hline Security & Low & High \\ \hline Middlemen & Yes & No \\ \hline Trust-less & Low & High \\ \hline Fair Tenders & Low & High \\ \hline NFT-Driven Seed Approval & - & ✓ \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 2: Comparison between existing and proposed techniques: “-” denotes absence of feature, and “✓” denotes presence of feature.