# The Relationship between Radon and Geology: Sources, Transport and Indoor Accumulation
###### Abstract  
This review study examines the relationship between radon and geology, including its origins, transmission, and accumulation, as well as its impact on human health and mitigation strategies. The decay of uranium and thorium produces radon, a radioactive gas. Its concentration in the environment fluctuates based on local geology, soil permeability, climate, and terrain, as well as regional, seasonal, and daily meteorological conditions. Exposure to radon indoors is associated with an increased risk of lung cancer, making it a significant public health concern. Measuring radon concentrations in indoor environments is essential for identifying high-risk areas and devising effective mitigation strategies, such as ventilation, fissure sealing, and exhaust installation. The need for greater knowledge of regional and seasonal fluctuations in radon concentration, as well as the development of more effective and cost-effective measuring and mitigation strategies, has implications for future research. To influence public health policies and practices, more research on the long-term health effects of radon exposure is required. The focus of public health policy should be on increasing awareness of the dangers associated with radon exposure, supporting regular measurement and monitoring of radon concentrations in indoor areas, and encouraging the adoption of effective mitigation techniques. When selecting construction sites, urban planning regulations and building codes should consider the local geology and radon levels in the soil.  
radon; geology; indoor environment; mitigation measures; public health +
Footnote †: journal: Medical  
Long-term radon exposure is linked to the risk of lung cancer occurrence, a significant health hazard that claims countless lives worldwide each year. This correlation highlights the importance of continuously assessing and monitoring radon levels, particularly in residential and occupational settings. Due to the invisible nature of this gas, as well as its ability to accumulate undetected in enclosed spaces, there is an urgent need for vigilant surveillance, prompt mitigation strategies, and public education regarding the potential risks. Through these concerted efforts, the public health challenge posed by radon exposure can be effectively addressed, reducing its impact on lung cancer incidence rates and ultimately improving the health and longevity of communities [8; 9; 10; 11]. Understanding the relationship between radon and geology allows the development of risk maps and the identification of areas that require monitoring and specific interventions [9; 12; 13].  
This review article explores the relationship between radon and geology, with a focus on sources, transport, and indoor radon accumulation. It also discusses the impacts on human health through an analysis of the most relevant studies published in the past decades. The objectives of this review are to examine the radioactive decay mechanisms that cause radon to be released, discuss regional and seasonal fluctuations in radon concentration, and assess the health concerns of radon exposure. The methods for measuring radon levels in rocks and soils are examined, and mitigation measures, such as ventilation, crack sealing, and exhaust system installation, to lower radon exposure in indoor spaces are studied. Finally, the ramifications for future studies and public health regulations are discussed.