## 4 Results and Discussion
### Results
#### 4.1.1 Comparison of Energy Performance: Low and High Usage of the Kindergarten
The blue bars represent electricity exported to the grid; the green bars indicate self-consumed electricity, and the orange bars reflect the total electrical demand. Under high usage, the monthly electrical demand was significantly higher than during the low usage  
Figure 4: Monthly Export to Grid, Self-Consumption, and Electrical Demand during Low Usage (2021). Figure 3: Daily Export and Self-Consumption Patterns for High Usage (2024). scenario, reflecting the kindergarten's full operational schedule with regular occupancy and activity levels. Self-consumption was also notably higher, particularly during the winter months, as the PV system supported the increased energy needs of the building, including heating and lighting. During the summer months (June to August), the kindergarten's energy demand dropped due to school holidays, leading to reduced self-consumption. However, the PV system continued to generate electricity at high levels due to optimal solar conditions. This resulted in a marked increase in electricity exported to the grid (blue bars), as surplus energy was fed into the grid when internal demand was minimal. To further assess the impact of the kindergarten's energy upgrade across the three usage scenarios, the key performance indicators (KPIs) were summarized to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the environmental and economic outcomes. These KPIs, derived from the VERIFY platform, offer a detailed analysis of the building's performance, highlighting the effects of the implemented energy sustainability measures under differing operational conditions. The comparison presented in the tables showcases the variations and improvements achieved during the low-usage period and the high-usage period, as well as the building's baseline performance without any upgrades. Table 9 focuses on the environmental KPIs, comparing results across these scenarios. The findings reveal differences in PED and GWP, offering valuable insights into the environmental benefits of the energy upgrade and its effectiveness under varying usage conditions. The results reveal significant differences in both Primary Energy Demand (PED) and Global Warming Potential (GWP) across the analyzed scenarios, reflecting the impact of operational intensity and energy upgrades. For Primary Energy Demand (PED), the  
Figure 5: Monthly Export to Grid, Self-Consumption, and Electrical Demand Under High Usage (2024). \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Environmental KPIs** & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Without PV**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Low Usage**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**High Usage**} \\ \hline Lifetime Primary Energy Demand (kWh) & Total & \begin{tabular}{c} Annual \\ Avg. \\ \end{tabular} & Total & \
\begin{tabular}{c} Annual \\ Avg. \\ \end{tabular} & Total &
\begin{tabular}{c} Annual \\ Avg. \\ \end{tabular} \\ \cline{2-6}   Lifetime Primary Energy Demand Per m\({}^{2}\) & 547,941 & 21,917.63 & 385,040 & 15,401.61 & 510,024 & 20,400.98 \\  & 3245.13 & 129.81 & 2280.37 & 91.21 & 3020.57 & 120.82 \\ Lifetime Global Warming Potential (kgCO\({}_{2}\)-eq) & 61,868.07 & 2474.72 & 45,975.52 & 1839.02 & 56,796.02 & 2271.84 \\ Lifetime Global Warming Potential per m\({}^{2}\) & 366.41 & 14.66 & 272.29 & 10.89 & 336.37 & 13.45 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 9: Environmental Outcomes of Low and High Usage of the kindergarten for 25 years of analysis. baseline case (without PV installation) records the highest lifetime PED, reflecting the building's full reliance on grid electricity. In the low-usage scenario, the lifetime PED was 29.7% lower than the baseline, driven by reduced occupancy and decreased energy demand during periods of limited kindergarten usage. Conversely, in the high-usage scenario, lifetime PED shows a 6.9% reduction compared to the baseline but increases relative to the low-usage case. This rise in PED under high usage is attributed to greater operational intensity and consistent energy demands under normal conditions.