## 4 Engineering Cases
### Comparative Analysis of One-Off Joining and Conventional Joining Methods  
#### 4.2.1 Construction Program for a One-Time Joint  
In the conventional side-span closed-construction process, the cast-in section of the side span is usually constructed first, and then the side-span closure is carried out. According to the organizational arrangement of the construction site, the 26# side piers will be merged according to the conventional closed method, and the 32# side-span cast-in section and closed section will be merged via one-time casting. In the process of one-time pouring and closed construction, a longitudinal distribution beam is set up at the location of the 32# side pier and its hanging basket, and the weight of the concrete in the side-span cast-in-place section and closed section is transferred to the side pier and the bearing beam of the hanging basket through the longitudinal distribution beam, as shown in Figure 15. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Construction Phase** & **Construction Project** & **Construction Phase** & **Construction Project** \\ \hline
1 & Construction of bridge piers & 52 &
\begin{tabular}{c} Tensioned 32\# edge-span segmental \\ steel bundle \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline
2 & 0\# section cast-in-place & 53 &
\begin{tabular}{c} Remove the 32\# side-span section \\ cast-in-place support \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline
3 & \
\begin{tabular}{c} Tensioned 0\# segmental prestressed \\ steel bar \\ \end{tabular} & 54 &
\begin{tabular}{c} Cast-in-place construction for 26\# \\ side-pier section \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline
4 & Install 1\# segment hanging basket & 55 &
\begin{tabular}{c} 26\# side-pier segmental \\ closure counterweight \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline
5 & Construction of section 1\# & 56 & 26\# edge cross segment closure \\ \hline
6 & \
\begin{tabular}{c} Tensioned 1\# segmental prestressed \\ steel bar \\ \end{tabular} & 57 &
\begin{tabular}{c} Remove the 26\# side-span section \\ cast-in-place support \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline
7 & \
\begin{tabular}{c} \(\cdots\) \\ \end{tabular} & 58 &
\begin{tabular}{c} Secondary edge cross \\ closure counterweight \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline
8 & \
\begin{tabular}{c} \(\cdots\) \\ \end{tabular} & 59 &
\begin{tabular}{c} Secondary edge cross closure \\ incremental launching \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline
9 & \
\begin{tabular}{c} \(\cdots\) \\ \end{tabular} & 60 &
\begin{tabular}{c} Secondary edge spanning closure \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline
47 & Install 15\# segment hanging basket & 61 &
\begin{tabular}{c} Tensioned secondary edge cross \\ closed steel bundle \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline
48 & Construction of section 15\# & 62 & Middle-span closure \\ \hline
49 & \
\begin{tabular}{c} Tensioned 15\# segmental prestressed \\ steel bar \\ \end{tabular} & 63 &
\begin{tabular}{c} Tensioned middle-span closed \\ steel bundle \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline
50 &
\begin{tabular}{c} 32\# side-pier segmental \\ closure counterweight \\ \end{tabular} & 64 & Secondary constant load \\ \hline
51 & \
\begin{tabular}{c} 32\# edge span one-time closure \\ \end{tabular} & 65 &
\begin{tabular}{c} Ten years of concrete shrinkage \\ and creep \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Bridge construction phase division. Figure 14: Finite element model of a bridge. Now, the cast-in-place section of the side span and the closed section are cast at the same time, using hanging-basket construction. As shown in Figure 16, the cast-in-place section and the closed section are equivalent to the line load that is applied. Points A-C are the solid section of the pier top, A-D are the cast-in sections of the side span, D-B constitute the closed section of the side span, and point E is the vertical support load of the hanging basket. Calculation and analysis show that point E can endure about 42 t of load.