## 4 Discussions  
### Supply Risk and Material Risk and Grouping of the Materials  
Table 6 shows the pattern of the material security matrix by comparing the scores of supply risk and material risk. Both of these impacted the final score of material criticality. The materials distributed in the right upper corner have higher scores for both factors, whereas the materials listed in the opposite direction have lower score values. As an example, materials such as palladium, rhodium, platinum, gold, and tellurium were positioned towards the top right corner of the table, and the scores for both elements ranged from eight to nine and nine to eleven for supply risk and material risk, respectively. The five materials in the very left bottom corner are labelled as the least critical materials, which are iron, zirconium, copper, feldspar, and titanium. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Material**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Symbol**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Supply Risk (SR)**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Total**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Material Risk**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Total**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Criticality**} \\ \cline{2-2} \cline{6-11}  & & **SC** & & & & & & **SR** & & **CL** & **Sub** & **GWP** & **TMR** & **MR** & **Score** \\ \hline Palladium & Pd & 3 & 2 & 2 & 2 & 9 & 2 & 2 & 3 & 3 & 10 & 19 \\ Rhodium & Rh & 2 & 2 & 2 & 2 & 8 & 2 & 3 & 3 & 3 & 11 & 19 \\ Gold & Au & 3 & 1 & 2 & 2 & 8 & 3 & 1 & 3 & 3 & 10 & 18 \\ Platinum & Pt & 3 & 2 & 2 & 2 & 9 & 2 & 1 & 3 & 3 & 9 & 18 \\ Tellurium & Te & 2 & 2 & 2 & 2 & 8 & 2 & 3 & 2 & 3 & 10 & 18 \\ Ammonia & NH\({}_{3}\) & 2 & 2 & 2 & 2 & 8 & 2 & 3 & 2 & 2 & 9 & 17 \\ Bromine & Br & 2 & 2 & 2 & 2 & 8 & 2 & 3 & 2 & 2 & 9 & 17 \\ Indium & In & 3 & 2 & 2 & 2 & 9 & 2 & 1 & 3 & 2 & 8 & 17 \\ Molybdenum & Mo & 2 & 2 & 2 & 2 & 8 & 2 & 3 & 2 & 2 & 9 & 17 \\ Niobium & Nb & 2 & 3 & 3 & 1 & 9 & 1 & 3 & 2 & 2 & 8 & 17 \\ Osmium & Os & 2 & 2 & 2 & 2 & 8 & 2 & 2 & 2 & 3 & 9 & 17 \\ Phosphate rock & - & 2 & 2 & 2 & 2 & 8 & 2 & 3 & 2 & 2 & 9 & 17 \\ Ruthenium & Ru & 2 & 2 & 2 & 2 & 8 & 2 & 3 & 2 & 2 & 9 & 17 \\ Strontium & Sr & 2 & 2 & 2 & 2 & 8 & 2 & 3 & 2 & 2 & 9 & 17 \\ Thallium & Tl & 2 & 2 & 2 & 2 & 8 & 2 & 3 & 2 & 2 & 9 & 17 \\ Yttrium & Y & 2 & 2 & 2 & 2 & 8 & 2 & 3 & 2 & 2 & 9 & 17 \\ Andalusite & - & 2 & 2 & 2 & 2 & 8 & 2 & 2 & 2 & 2 & 8 & 16 \\ Barium & Ba & 2 & 2 & 2 & 2 & 8 & 2 & 2 & 2 & 2 & 8 & 16 \\ Bartyte & BaSO\({}_{4}\) & 2 & 2 & 2 & 2 & 8 & 1 & 3 & 2 & 2 & 8 & 16 \\ Borate & BO3 & 2 & 2 & 2 & 2 & 8 & 2 & 2 & 2 & 2 & 8 & 16 \\ Cerium & Ce & 2 & 2 & 2 & 2 & 8 & 2 & 2 & 2 & 2 & 8 & 16 \\ Dysprosium & Dy & 2 & 2 & 2 & 2 & 8 & 2 & 2 & 2 & 2 & 8 & 16 \\ Erbium & Er & 2 & 2 & 2 & 2 & 8 & 2 & 2 & 2 & 2 & 8 & 16 \\ Europium & Eu & 2 & 2 & 2 & 2 & 8 & 2 & 2 & 2 & 2 & 8 & 16 \\ Fluorspar & - & 2 & 2 & 2 & 2 & 8 & 2 & 3 & 1 & 2 & 8 & 16 \\ Gadolinium & Gd & 2 & 2 & 2 & 2 & 8 & 2 & 2 & 2 & 2 & 8 & 16 \\ Gallium & Ga & 2 & 2 & 2 & 2 & 8 & 2 & 1 & 3 & 2 & 8 & 16 \\ Hafnium & Hf & 2 & 2 & 2 & 2 & 8 & 2 & 2 & 2 & 2 & 8 & 16 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 5: Extracted top 28 Critical Materials list for Malaysia. Table 7 shows the entire 89 material positions in the criticality classification for the Malaysian economy. Based on the developed score, the materials could be grouped into seven main material security levels. There are two materials with the highest score of 19, three with a score of 18, and eleven materials in a group with a score of 17, 32 materials with a score of 16, 26 materials with a score of 15, and 12 materials with a score of 14. The bottom groups, with a score of 11 and 13, have two materials respectively. The most critical materials are palladium and rhodium, while the least critical are steel and iron. Apart from the materials in the list, the rest of the materials are considered not critical or yet to be explored for the Malaysian economy. Table 7 shows the entire 89 material positions in the criticality classification for the Malaysian economy.