# One-Class Learning for AI-Generated Essay Detection
## 3 Results
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Setting = Text** & **Precision** & **Recall** & **F1-Score** \\ \hline OneClassSVM (RBF kernel) & 0.7607 & 0.6915 & **0.6694** \\ OneClassSVM (Polynomial kernel) & 0.3092 & 0.3294 & 0.3110 \\ OneClassSVM (Linear kernel) & 0.3092 & 0.3294 & 0.3110 \\ LocalOutlierFactor (3 neighbors) & 0.5169 & 0.5052 & 0.4084 \\ LocalOutlierFactor (5 neighbors) & 0.4817 & 0.4948 & 0.3783 \\ LocalOutlierFactor (10 neighbors) & 0.4395 & 0.4903 & 0.3527 \\ IsolationForest & 0.6465 & 0.6095 & 0.5836 \\ ABOD & 0.3312 & 0.4933 & 0.3324 \\ HBOS & 0.5978 & 0.5067 & 0.3587 \\ AutoEncoder & 0.4297 & 0.4873 & 0.3534 \\ \hline
**Setting = Repetitiveness** & Precision & Recall & F1-Score \\ \hline OneClassSVM (RBF kernel) & 0.6141 & 0.6095 & 0.6054 \\ OneClassSVM (Polynomial kernel) & 0.5082 & 0.5082 & 0.5082 \\ OneClassSVM (Linear kernel) & 0.5067 & 0.5067 & 0.5067 \\ LocalOutlierFactor (3 neighbors) & 0.6764 & 0.6051 & 0.5611 \\ LocalOutlierFactor (5 neighbors) & 0.7163 & 0.6036 & 0.5446 \\ LocalOutlierFactor (10 neighbors) & 0.7113 & 0.6021 & 0.5435 \\ IsolationForest & 0.9473 & 0.9419 & 0.9417 \\ ABOD & 0.7268 & 0.5618 & 0.4651 \\ HBOS & 0.9105 & 0.9031 & 0.9027 \\ AutoEncoder & 0.9563 & 0.9553 & **0.9553** \\ \hline
**Setting = Emotional Semantics** & Precision & Recall & F1-Score \\ \hline OneClassSVM (RBF kernel) & 0.6699 & 0.6528 & **0.6436** \\ OneClassSVM (Polynomial kernel) & 0.4918 & 0.4918 & 0.4918 \\ OneClassSVM (Linear kernel) & 0.5291 & 0.5291 & 0.5286 \\ LocalOutlierFactor (3 neighbors) & 0.6085 & 0.5648 & 0.5168 \\ LocalOutlierFactor (5 neighbors) & 0.6065 & 0.5574 & 0.5005 \\ LocalOutlierFactor (10 neighbors) & 0.6214 & 0.5708 & 0.5215 \\ IsolationForest & 0.6516 & 0.6110 & 0.5835 \\ ABOD & 0.6968 & 0.5350 & 0.4155 \\ HBOS & 0.5674 & 0.5067 & 0.3657 \\ AutoEncoder & 0.6606 & 0.5768 & 0.5138 \\ \hline
**Setting = Readability** & Precision & Recall & F1-Score \\ \hline OneClassSVM (RBF kernel) & 0.7526 & 0.5112 & 0.3569 \\ OneClassSVM (Polynomial kernel) & 0.8318 & 0.7466 & 0.7292 \\ OneClassSVM (Linear kernel) & 0.8324 & 0.7481 & 0.7310 \\ LocalOutlierFactor (3 neighbors) & 0.8166 & 0.7675 & 0.7582 \\ LocalOutlierFactor (5 neighbors) & 0.8408 & 0.8048 & 0.7995 \\ LocalOutlieractor (10 neighbors) & 0.8563 & 0.8271 & 0.8236 \\ IsolationForest & 0.8943 & 0.8942 & **0.8942** \\ ABOD & 0.7581 & 0.6006 & 0.5291 \\ HBOS & 0.8072 & 0.7273 & 0.7085 \\ AutoEncoder & 0.8525 & 0.8376 & 0.8358 \\ \hline
**Setting = POS** & Precision & Recall & F1-Score \\ \hline OneClassSVM (RBF kernel) & 0.8154 & 0.7392 & **0.7223** \\ OneClassSVM (Polynomial kernel) & 0.6065 & 0.5618 & 0.5098 \\ OneClassSVM (Linear kernel) & 0.5835 & 0.5812 & 0.5781 \\ LocalOutlierFactor (3 neighbors) & 0.7457 & 0.6080 & 0.5446 \\ LocalOutlierFactor (5 neighbors) & 0.7513 & 0.5991 & 0.5280 \\ LocalOutlierFactor (10 neighbors) & 0.7501 & 0.5708 & 0.4776 \\ IsolationForest & 0.6678 & 0.5887 & 0.5342 \\ ABOD & 0.7326 & 0.5693 & 0.4782 \\ HBOS & 0.5932 & 0.5127 & 0.3800 \\ AutoEncoder & 0.7014 & 0.6289 & 0.5925 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: English dataset: detection accuracy via 5-fold stratified cross-validation. Highest F1-Scores in bold.