## 5 Discussion  
The numerical simulations and theoretical analyses unequivocally validate the efficacy of the proposed approach for securing data transmission in UAV-based agricultural GIS. The algorithm, which integrates Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) with a hybrid encryption scheme, has demonstrated rapid data transmission speeds, minimal computational overhead, and robust resistance to various cyber-attacks--even under the inherent constraints and vulnerabilities of a low Earth orbit (LEO). These findings corroborate previous studies that have similarly highlighted the benefits of QKD in scenarios where traditional encryption methods are constrained [1; 2; 3]. Although post-quantum cryptographic techniques--such as lattice-based cryptography and hash-based signatures--offer resilience against quantum attacks, they depend on computational assumptions and typically impose higher computational loads. In contrast, QKD provides information-theoretic security that is independent of computational complexity, thereby emerging as a superior solution for UAV systems operating in dynamic LEO conditions. Notably, the high key generation rate observed in our simulations supports the feasibility of employing QKD for real-time data transmission, which is crucial for agro-monitoring applications where timely decision-making is essential. The low computational complexity of the proposed algorithm aligns well with contemporary trends in quantum technology, particularly the development of compact and energy-efficient devices suitable for UAV integration [16]. This advancement opens new prospects for the widespread application of QKD in sectors where secure data transmission is paramount. Our analysis of the energy trade-offs associated with integrating QKD hardware--especially photon detectors and polarization modules--reveals that energy consumption can be reduced by up to 15% through power-efficient design and adaptive activation strategies, whereby QKD components are selectively engaged based on communication demands and the UAV's operational state. Furthermore, our results underscore the importance of accounting for environmental factors in the design and deployment of QKD systems for UAVs. The system incorporates real-time beam tracking and Doppler compensation algorithms that dynamically adjust quantum channel parameters according to UAV velocity and trajectory. The simulations indicate that these techniques can reduce key exchange disruptions by up to 20% during high-speed UAV maneuvers. It is important to note, however, that atmospheric conditions, geometric losses, and receiver characteristics can substantially affect the communication range, key generation rate, and error frequency within the quantum channel. To mitigate the adverse impacts of these factors, we propose the adoption of adaptive error correction and information reconciliation methods, alongside the optimization of QKD system parameters in response to environmental conditions. For example, under cloudy conditions, it may be beneficial to reduce the laser intensity or utilize a more sensitive detector to compensate for channel losses. A sensitivity analysis was conducted to examine the influence of various QKD system parameters--such as the detector efficiency, dark count, and noise level--on performance. Figure 12 illustrates the combined effect of detector efficiency and noise on the key generation rate. The analysis reveals a strong dependency on these parameters: the key generation rate increases markedly with improved detector efficiency, reaching optimal performance near 99%, while escalating noise levels (from 0 Hz to 50 Hz) result in a sharp decline in the key generation rate due to cumulative quantum errors and signal degradation. These findings underscore the critical importance of high-efficiency detectors and effective noise mitigation strategies in ensuring reliable QKD operations within UAV-based environments (see Figure 12). The colors in Figure 12 represent the magnitude of the key generation rate.