## 3 Results and Discussion
In comparison, in a study by [PERSON] et al. (2007) [31], PBMCs from healthy donors stimulated with three concentrations of aqueous _Chlorella pyrenodiosa_ extract (1, 10, and 100 \(\upmu\)g/mL) for 24 h exhibited increased concentrations of the regulatory cytokines IL-10, TNF-\(\alpha\), and IFN-\(\gamma\), whereas the latter did not significantly change in our study. In particular, the production of Th1 cytokines (TNF-\(\alpha\)) can facilitate protection against various intracellular microorganisms and tumors. In turn, the anti-inflammatory IL-6 cytokine, which inhibits TNF-\(\alpha\), is produced in response to increased TNF-\(\alpha\) levels to maintain the Th1/Th2 balance [32,33]. In our study, the concentration of observed cytokines was the highest after using a lower amount of _Chlorella_. Similar results have been observed by [PERSON] and [PERSON] (2016) [33], who tested the inhibition of inflammatory mediators and cytokines by fractions of _Chlorella_ using n-hexane, ethanol, and water, as extract solvent [33]. This trend could have caused by decreasing viability of mononuclear cells after incubation with various concentrations of aqueous _Chlorella_ solution. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Tested Strains**} & **Concentration** & **Control (WCH** & **BS + _Chlorella_ & **BS + _Chlorella_ \\  & **(mg/L)/pH** & **Broth)** & **1\% (w/v)** & **3\% (w/v)** \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{CCDM 93} & Lactic acid & 218 \(\pm\) 10 \({}^{\text{\text{\textdegree A}}}\) & 862 \(\pm\) 40 \({}^{\text{\text{\textdegree B}}}\) & 1422 \(\pm\) 70 \({}^{\text{\text{\textdegree C}}}\) \\ \cline{2-5}  & Acetic acid & 1388 \(\pm\) 70 \({}^{\text{\text{\textdegree A}}}\) & 1526 \(\pm\) 20 \({}^{\text{\text{\textdegree B}}}\) & 1953 \(\pm\) 100 \({}^{\text{\text{\textdegree C}}}\) \\ \cline{2-5}  & pH & 4.47 \(\pm\) 0.03 \({}^{\text{\text{\textdegree A}}}\) & 4.80 \(\pm\) 0.03 \({}^{\text{\text{\textdegree C}}}\) & 4.64 \(\pm\) 0.03 \({}^{\text{\text{\textdegree B}}}\) \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{BB-12} & Lactic acid & 170 \(\pm\) 10 \({}^{\text{\textdegree A}}\) & 865 \(\pm\) 40 \({}^{\text{\text{\textdegree B}}}\) & 1455 \(\pm\) 70 \({}^{\text{\textdegree C}}\) \\ \cline{2-5}  & Acetic acid & 1349 \(\pm\) 65 \({}^{\text{\textdegree A}}\) & 1522 \(\pm\) 80 \({}^{\text{\text{\textdegree B}}}\) & 2007 \(\pm\) 100 \({}^{\text{\textdegree C}}\) \\ \cline{2-5}  & pH & 4.47 \(\pm\) 0.03 \({}^{\text{\text{\textdegree A}}}\) & 4.80 \(\pm\) 0.00 \({}^{\text{\text{\textdegree C}}}\) & 4.65 \(\pm\) 0.00 \({}^{\text{\text{\textdegree B}}}\) \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{CCDM 486} & Lactic acid & 158 \(\pm\) 10 \({}^{\text{\text{\textdegree A}}}\) & 208 \(\pm\) 10 \({}^{\text{\text{\textdegree B}}}\) & 753 \(\pm\) 35 \({}^{\text{\textdegree C}}\) \\ \cline{2-5}  & Acetic acid & 1268 \(\pm\) 60 \({}^{\text{\text{\textdegree B}}}\) & 606 \(\pm\) 30 \({}^{\text{\textdegree A}}\) & 1271 \(\pm\) 65 \({}^{\text{\text{\textdegree B}}}\) \\ \cline{2-5}  & pH & 4.57 \(\pm\) 0.01 \({}^{\text{\texttextdegree B}}\) & 5.37 \(\pm\) 0.01 \({}^{\text{\textdegree C}}\) & 4.44 \(\pm\) 0.00 \({}^{\text{\text{\textdegree A}}}\) \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{CCDM 562} & Lactic acid & 378 \(\pm\) 20 \({}^{\text{\textdegree A}}\) & 908 \(\pm\) 45 \({}^{\text{\text{\textdegree B}}}\) & 1507 \(\pm\) 75 \({}^{\text{\textdegree C}}\) \\ \cline{2-5}  & Acetic acid & 1514 \(\pm\) 75 \({}^{\text{\textdegree A}}\) & 1720 \(\pm\) 85 \({}^{\text{\text{\textdegree B}}}\) & 2120 \(\pm\) 105 \({}^{\text{\textdegree C}}\) \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{2-5}  & pH & 4.39 \(\pm\) 0.03 \({}^{\text{\text{\textdegree A}}}\) & 4.71 \(\pm\) 0.00 \({}^{\text{\text{\textdegree C}}}\) & 4.60 \(\pm\) 0.00 \({}^{\text{\text{\textdegree B}}}\) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} Values represent the means of triplicate measurements \(\pm\) standard deviation (\(n=3\)); data in a column with different superscripts (\({}^{\text{\text{\textdegree C}}}\)) differ significantly (\(p<0.05\)).  
\end{table}