## 4 Discussion  
Bioactive chemicals generated from marine sponges are well-known for their pharmacodynamic potential in the treatment of a variety of disorders. The current high anticancer effect of _Nm_E may be attributable to the fact that it contains nine anticancer chemicals (see Table 1) that triggered apoptosis and suppressed proliferation in cancer cell lines HepG2, MCF-7, and Caco-2. According to the present findings, _Nm_E inhibited the growth of HepG2, MCF-7, and Caco-2 cancer cells dose-dependently with IC50 values of 10.33, 12.48, and 10.52 g/mL, respectively, and induced apoptosis in HepG2, MCF-7, and Caco-2 cells by increasing pro-apoptotic proteins Bax, caspase-3, and cleavage PARP, and decreasing anti-apoptotic protein BCL2. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [1] confirmed the different extracts (methylene chloride, ethyl acetate, acetone, and chloroform) of _Negombata magnifica_ have induced antiproliferative activity against HepG2 cancer cell line within IC50 values 9.14, 10.94, 8.78, and 7.23 \(\upmu\)g/mL, respectively; MCF-7 cancer cell lines within IC50 values of 7.65, 6.18, 11.82, and 8.26 \(\upmu\)g/mL, respectively; and Caco-2 cancer cells within IC50 values of 12.67, 9.27, 8.37, and 10.68 \(\upmu\)g/mL, respectively, as well as the same extracts induced apoptosis in HepG2, MCF-7, and Caco-2 cancer cell lines through Bax and caspase-3 increase and BCL2 decrease. The ethanolic extract of _Negombata magnifica_ induced intense anticancer activities against Caco-2 and MCF-7 cancer cells with lower values of IC50 (1.09 and 0.37 g/mL, respectively) [19], while the differences in values of IC50 overall indicated that all _N. magnifica_ extracts are highly potential for anticancer properties. However, more research into the effects of the ethanolic extract on the cancer cell cycle and cancer cell-induced apoptosis is needed. Similarly, CsE present modest anticancer activity could be linked to its GC-Mass study, which revealed that it contains 15 anticancer chemicals (Table 1). In the same context, [PERSON] et al. [39] discovered that the ethanol crude extract of _Callyspongia siphonella_ has antiproliferative action against the MM.1S, OVCAR-3, and HT-29 cancer cells. Moreover, dehydroiosophonochalynol and Callyspongenols were extracted from the organic extract of _Callyspongia fistularis_ and showed cytotoxic activities against HeLa and P388 cancer \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Tested Microorganisms**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**AU by the Crude Extracts**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Positive**} \\ \cline{2-5}  & & CsE & _Nm_E & **Standard** \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Fungi * Ketoconazole 100 \(\upmu\)g} & _Aspergillus flavus_ & 2.42 & -ve & 3.16 \\  & _Penicillium expansum_ & -ve & -ve & 2.42 \\  & _Candida lipolytica_ & 2.78 & -ve & 4.0 \\  & _Cryptococcus neoformans_ & 2.09 & -ve & 2.42 \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Gram-negative bacteria * gentamycin 4 \(\upmu\)g} & _Escherichia coli_ & -ve & 2.42 & 4.46 \\  & _Salmonella typhimurium_ & 4.46 & -ve & 3.57 \\  & _Klebsiella pneumonia_ & 2.09 & -ve & - \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Gram-positive bacteria * gentamycin 4 \(\upmu\)g} & _Microoccus_ sp. & -ve & -ve & 5.98 \\  & _Streptococcus mutans_ & 3.16 & -ve & 4.94 \\  & MRSA & -ve & 3.57 & 11.11 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}  
* Data expressed as AU ranged from 2.09 to 4.46 for the sponge extracts in corresponding to the AU resulted by positive control, which ranged from 2.42 to 11.11.
* Positive standard  
\end{table} 
Table 3: Antimicrobial activity of CsE and _Nm_E. cells [41]. On the other side, [PERSON] and [PERSON] [1] stated that the different extracts of _C. siphonella_ potentially inhibited the growth of Caco-2, MCF-7, and HepG2 cells with IC\({}_{50}\) values lower than that recorded in the present methanolic extract, as well as inducing apoptosis in Caco-2, MCF-7, and HepG2 cells through an increase in Bax and caspase-3 along with a decrease in BCL2. [PERSON] et al. [21] found the ethanolic extract of _C.