## 3 Research Methodology  
The research methodology comprises an extensive literature review, questionnaire survey, results, discussion, and model development. Figure 1 provides a detailed picture of the research methodology flowchart. In the first phase of the study, a detailed literature review was conducted to explore the CSFs of BIM implementation. In the second phase of the study, a sampling and questionnaire survey were carried out to fulfill the objectives of the study. In the third phase of the study, results and discussion were conducted to analyze the findings with the aid of analysis of questionnaire respondents, reliability analysis, Spearman's correlation coefficient, the awareness level of BIM technology in high-rise buildings, usage of BIM technology in high-rise buildings, mean score rank technique, and exploratory factor analysis (EFA). In addition, in the third phase of the study, model development was formulated to highlight the influence of BIM implementation on high-rise buildings towards sustainability. In the fourth phase of the study, theoretical implications and conclusion were discussed.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**Code** & **Critical Success Factors** & **References** \\ \hline CSF1 & Enhance safety performance parameters & [54; 55; 56; 57; 58] \\ \hline CSF2 & Increase productivity and efficiency & [59; 60] \\ \hline CSF3 & More efficient communications & [61; 62; 63] \\ \hline CSF4 & Better construction planning and monitoring & [63; 64; 65] \\ \hline CSF5 & Increase sustainable goals & [66; 67] \\ \hline CSF6 & Promote Transparency & [68; 69] \\ \hline CSF7 & Improve monitoring and tracking during construction & [70; 71; 72; 73] \\ \hline CSF8 & Reduce project duration & [73] \\ \hline CSF9 & Enhance project quality & [74; 75] \\ \hline CSF10 & Improve operational and facility management in projects & [76; 77] \\ \hline CSF11 & Reduce project cost & [78; 79; 80] \\ \hline CSF12 & Improve organizational image & [81; 82; 83] \\ \hline CSF13 & Reduced claims and litigation risks & [84; 85; 86] \\ \hline CSF14 & Prevent and reduce materials wastage & [87; 88] \\ \hline CSF15 & Improve the accuracy of as-built drawings & [89] \\ \hline CSF16 & Reduce clashes in design & [90; 91] \\ \hline CSF17 & Support project life cycle data & [92; 93] \\ \hline CSF18 & Better cost estimates and control & [94; 95] \\ \hline CSF19 & Automated assembly & [96] \\ \hline CSF20 & Enhance collaboration between stakeholders & [97; 98] \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 1: Critical success factors of BIM implementation.  
Questionnaire Design and Responses  
A pilot survey was undertaken prior to conducting the questionnaire survey to ensure that all necessary information concerning BIM adoption in high-rise buildings could be acquired in order to increase sustainability. The pilot study was conducted to collect feedback from seven participants in order to fine-tune the questions before the final questionnaire survey. The purpose of this pilot study was to test the significance and comprehensiveness of the questionnaire data. The seven participants were three assistant professors, three professors, and one postgraduate student involved in the pilot study.  
The final questionnaire consists of four parts: (a) general information of respondents (b) awareness of BIM technology in high-rise buildings, (c) usage of BIM technology in high-rise buildings, and (d) CSFs of BIM implementation in high-rise buildings. In addition, it was proposed that the sample size for the SEM approach be greater than 100 [99]. As this study used the SEM approach, a total of 350 questionnaires were sent out by e-mail, and 205 responses were gathered, resulting in a response rate of 58 percent overall. The respondents were targeted based on their working experiences in high-rise building construction, good knowledge of BIM, and ample experience.