# Effects of Aerosols on Gross Primary Production from Ecosystems to the Globe  
[PERSON] College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology (CSUFT), Changsha 410004, China; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Y.S. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Z.W. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Y.S. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (X.P. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (H.G. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (W.Y. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Y.N. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Y.N. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Y.N. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Y.N. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Y.N. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Y.N. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Y.N. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Y.N. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Y.N. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Y.N. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Y.N. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Y.N. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Y.N. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Y.N. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Y.N. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Y.N. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Y.N. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Y.N. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Y.N. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Y.N. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Y.N. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Y.N. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Y.N. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Y.N. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Y.N. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Y.N. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Y.N. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Y.N. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Y.N. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Y.N. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Y.N. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Y.N. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Y.N. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Y.N. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Y.N. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Y.N. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Y.N. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Y.N. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Y.N. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Y.N. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Y.N. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Y.N. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Y.N. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Y.N. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Y.N. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Y.N. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Y.N. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Y.N. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Y.N. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Y.N. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Y.N. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Y.N. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Y.N. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Y.N. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Y.N. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Y.N. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Y.N. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Y.N. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Y.N. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Y.N. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Y.N. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Y.N.N. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Y.N. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Y.N. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Y.N.N. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Y.N.N. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Y.N.N. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Y.N. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Y.N. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Y.N.N. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Y.N.N. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Y.N.N. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Y.N.N. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Y.N.N. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Y.N.N. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Y.N.N. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Y.N. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Y.N.N. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Y.N.N. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Y.N.N. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Y.N.N. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Y.N.N. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Y.N. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Y.N.N. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Y.N.N. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Y.N.N. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Y.N.N. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Y.N.N. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Y.N.N. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Y.N.N. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Y.N.N. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Y.N.N. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Y.N.N. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Y.N.N. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Y.N.N. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Y.N.N. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Y.N.N. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Y.N.N. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Y.N.N. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Y.N.N. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Y.N.N. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Y.N.N. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Y.N.N. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Y.N.N. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Y.N. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Y.N. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Y.N. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Y.N.N. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Y.  
influences of aerosols into GPP models to quantify how aerosols affect the terrestrial carbon cycle [6; 9]. The enhancement or inhibition effect of aerosols on GPP has been an issue of constant debate [10; 11], and the effective quantification of GPP by aerosols has become a scientific problem that needs to be solved urgently. For two reasons, the estimate of the aerosol effects on GPP is controversial. First, moderate aerosol loading regions can increase the diffuse fraction (D\({}_{\text{f}}\)) of solar radiation. Diffuse light can penetrate canopies more effectively and increase plant photosynthesis via the aerosol diffuse fertilization effect (DFE) [12]. On the contrary, in the dense aerosol loading regions, aerosols have a negative impact on GPP because the diffuse radiation is easily saturated and the direct light is strongly attenuated [13; 14].