## 3 Results
### Conclusions of Case Study 6
#### 3.2.3 Case Study 7: \"Fountain of the Lions\"  
The Fountain of the Lions is a 3D model of a fountain in the Court of the Lions at Alhambra, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Developed by computer science and history researchers at the University of Granada, the software uses data from before and after restoration [95; 96; 97]. It helps visitors understand the conservation process, allowing them to interact with the model, view inscriptions, and adjust perspectives (Figure 9). The application runs on a PC with a touch-screen monitor and a 3D Power Wall system for immersive interaction [20].  
User Interactions  
Users interact with the software by moving the point of view around the virtual artifact space. Wearing motion sensors and geolocation sensors in a VR headset, users control the viewing angle. The Power Wall system also has similar sensors. The interaction includes selecting and turning status or inscriptions using a mouse or game controller. Zooming adjusts the viewing angle. On a touch screen monitor, users navigate using arrow icons, touch, and drag gestures, and pinch to zoom. Sub-menus and transcription screens allow detailed interaction with the 3D model.  
Evaluation Method and Results  
The evaluation assessed the user experience of museum visitors using the touch-screen display. Both qualitative and quantitative evaluations were conducted to gather subjective and objective data. Three methods were used: persona descriptions to understand typical users, a 3D cognitive walkthrough (CW) with expert evaluators to identify task flow issues, and a standard heuristic evaluation for benchmarking design principles [98; 99]. Seven tasks were assessed with the 3D CW, which allowed for a rich insight into the step-by-step activities of the user interacting with the 3D app: 1. navigating the environment in View Mode; 2. viewing and manipulating an individual lion statue in Detail Mode; 3. selecting the fountain; 4. selecting the engraving; 5. selecting Compare; 6. selecting Other Time;  
Figure 9: Demonstrating the navigation around the Fountain of the Lions.  
and 7. selecting About and Home. The evaluation provided the following data for design improvements, presented in the order in which the HCI methods were applied:  
1. **User Persona Descriptions:** The application leverages user enthusiasm. A suggested improvement is to introduce a screenshot feature with social media sharing functionality to increase awareness and publicity for the heritage site.
2. **3D Cognitive Walkthrough**: Numerous user errors were identified. Recommendations include implementing more common touch-screen mobile interaction standards, such as two-finger zoom and pan, and single-finger tap-to-select.
3. **3D Heuristic Evaluation**: The software was aesthetically pleasing with a minimalist design and consistent color palette. It provided robust error recovery and a rich feedback system, allowing users to understand and correct mistakes easily.  
Conclusions of Case Study 7  
The HCI evaluation of the Fountain of the Lions application, developed by University of Granada students and employees, identified areas for improvement and highlighted successful features. Key areas for enhancement include navigation, feedback and visible cues, documentation, and language translation. The usability methods used--persona description, the 3D cognitive walkthrough presented above, and 3D heuristic evaluation--were found to be complementary and suitable for this development stage. The full results on the 3D CW are described in the student's HCI master's project report, and the 3D HE results are published in a relevant journal [100].