## 3 DIKWP Semantic Interaction for Unidirectional Communication Impairments
### Understanding Objects--Semantic Recognition
#### 3.2.1 Visual Object Recognition  
Visually, the infant's recognition of the \"red ball\" begins with the target object, the ball. The infant's visual experience of seeing the \"ball\" leads to the construction of cognition. Assuming the infant has normal vision, they can perceive the target object's color, shape, and other characteristics. Through repeated observation and cross-sensory associations, the infant gradually recognizes and understands the differences in these features. We will now specifically explain the semantic aspects of the target object's features from a visual perspective. Infants gradually recognize the unique shape characteristics of a ball through vision and touch. By grasping and rolling the ball, they perceive its continuous surface, distinguishing it from a cube or cylinder. In an infant's cognitive development, the concept of \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**Sensory Modality** & **Data** & **Information** \\ \hline Visual & Shape & Color Differences \\ Auditory & Rolling Sound & Differences in Rolling \\ Olfactory & Odor & Odor Differences \\ Tactile & Hardness & Differences in Hardness \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Correspondence table of sensory modalities with data and information semantic examples. \"shape\" and its specific forms (circular or square) have not yet been formed. Therefore, these sensory experiences help progressively construct the semantic understanding of \"shape\". The semantic exploration of \"shape\" by infants is as follows:  
\(Input(eyes)=x\), \(x\) is the target object that needs to be identified. **Processing A. Direct Observation**  
\"Circle\"  
\(IsRound(x)\): Object \(x\) visually appears as \"smooth-edged, with no sharp corners\". \(RollsEasily(x)\): Object \(x\) is easy to \"roll\". \"Square/Rectangle\"  
\(HasEdges(x)\): Object \(x\) visually has \"straight edges\". \(CornersEqual(x)\): For squares, all corners are equal; for rectangles, opposite corners are equal. The infant's visual system is not fully developed, and they cannot immediately recognize complex visual semantic features such as \"smooth edges\" or \"no sharp corners\". The infant needs to go through four stages of shape cognition formation: visual sensitivity period -> shape perception period -> shape preference period -> enhanced detail recognition period. Definitions:  
\(I(t)\) represents the set of the infant's visual recognition abilities at time \(t\). \(\Omega\) represents the infant's visual environment, containing objects of various shapes and features. \(Contrast(x)\): a function that measures the contrast of object \(x\). \(Motion(x,t)\): a function that describes the motion state of object \(x\) at time \(t\). \(ShapeComplexity(x)\): a function that measures the complexity of the shape of object \(x\). \(Exposure(x,t)\): a function that records the number of times the infant is exposed to object \(x\) at time \(t\). \(RecognizeEdges(x)\): a function that recognizes the edges of the shape of object \(x\). a. Visual Sensitivity Period  
\[\forall x\in\Omega,t\in EarlyInfacy,Detect(Contrast(x))\wedge Track(Motion(x,t))\in I(t) \tag{1}\]  
At all time points \(t\) in early infancy, infants can detect high-contrast objects and track moving objects. b. Shape Perception Period  
\[\forall x\in\Omega,t\in ShapeInitiation,ShapeComplexity(x)<\theta_{1} \Rightarrow Notice(x)\in I(t) \tag{2}\]  
\(\theta_{1}\) is a threshold representing the upper limit of shape complexity that an infant can begin to distinguish. When the complexity of a shape is below the threshold \(\theta_{1}\), the infant starts to notice these shapes. c. Shape Preference Period  
\[\forall x\in\Omega,t\in ShapePreference,(ShapeComplexity(x)<\theta_{2}) \wedge(Exposure(x,t)>n)\Rightarrow \tag{3}\]  
\(Prefer(x)\in I(t)\)  
The notation \(\theta_{2}>\theta_{1}\) represents a higher level of shape complexity, where n is the minimum exposures required for an infant to develop a preference.