# Digital Infrastructure as a New Organizational Digital Climate Dimension
## 3 Materials and Methods
### Data Analysis  
In vivo coding was first performed. It includes the initial phases of data processing that fracture or split the data into individually coded pieces, also known as open coding and the first cycle approach [59]. Words or brief phrases from the participants' native tongue are used as codes in this coding technique for the data records.  
The second step was axial coding, which involves classifying open-coding notions into high-level abstract categories and sub-categories and their relationships, with a focus on determining the categories' logic, causes, contexts, contingencies, consequences, covariance, and conditions [60]. This phase uses process coding since it \"extracts participant action/interaction and outcomes\" [61] (p. 66). Additionally, causal coding was employed since it \"extracts attributions or causal judgments on how and why particular outcomes occurred from participant data\" [61] (p. 70). Through a process of comparative evaluation that resulted in category re-sorting and integration, the links between categories were validated during the study process.  
The third stage of coding was selective coding, which is \"the process by which all categories are brought together around a \"core\" category and categories that need further explanation are filled in with descriptive information\" [53]. At this phase of the analysis, the core category embodies the primary phenomenon under investigation. The hypotheses that connect the categories allow for the development of theories by incorporating the components into a larger social construct.  
The data were coded using either emic or epic coding; emic codes are labels derived directly from the respondents' sentences, whereas epic codes are labels created by researchers based on the meaning of the text. Table 1 shows examples of open codes defined during the open-coding stage.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt}} \hline \hline
**Quotes** & **Open Codes** & **Type** \\ \hline \({}^{*}\)...but my managers expect me to comply with the standards and architecture and to understand the meaning of using uniform digital standards to improve the connectivity and the organization’s capabilities....” & Connectivity Standardization & Epic \\ \hline \({}^{*}\)We are being encouraged to collaborate, while the greatest gap, in my opinion, is the networks interconnection within the organization. Due to the enormous number of networks we operate in, communication between networks is problematic.” & Networks Interconnection & Emic \\ \hline \({}^{*}\)As part of my understanding regarding connectivity architecture, I manage the overall field of architecture, which develops the infrastructure that enables connectivity, data extraction, and all other digital capabilities.” & Architecture & Emic \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 1: Examples of epic and emic categorization process.  
To ensure the robustness and trustworthiness of this study's qualitative findings, we focused on Guba's four components of trustworthiness: credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability [62]. Credibility was enhanced through member verification and refining interview techniques for clearer comprehension, thereby ensuring that findings accurately reflected participants' perspectives. Transferability was addressed by analyzing the applicability of findings across the organization's diverse subunits, while acknowledging limitations in generalizability. Confirmability was ensured through rigorous external audit, and dependability was established by meticulously documenting the research process, reaching data saturation, and employing peer debriefing to ensure consistency in coding, as evidenced by the high value of [PERSON]'s Kappa coefficient [63].