## 1 Introduction  
At present, there are still a large number of coal seams with shallow burial depths in China. However, due to the fact that coal seams with shallow burial depths usually have a single structural feature, the overlying rock movement and mine pressure characteristics are also relatively obvious. During coal seam mining, upon goat formation, the roof is subjected to stripping forces and gradually subsides [1, 2]. The subsidence of the roof leads to the redistribution of the pressure in the goat, and the ground pressure is transmitted to the boundary rock mass, causing the deformation and stress relaxation of the boundary rock mass, which will have a certain impact on the stability of the surrounding rock. The study of the movement law of the overlying rock of the working face after coal seam mining is of great significance for coal mine safety and mining efficiency [3]. To achieve safe mining in weak coal seams with fully mechanized caving faces, it is crucial to have a correct understanding of the evolutionary law of overlying rock movement and fracture in the slope. In recent years, numerous researchers have conducted extensive studies on the laws of overlying rock movement under various stope and geological conditions. [PERSON] et al. [4] confirmed the significant role of the \"masonry beam\" structure in mining pressure control and mining-induced stress distribution through in-depth research on the \"masonry beam\" mechanical model of stope ground pressure. [PERSON] et al. [5; 6] constructed large-scale two-dimensional models through integrated theoretical analysis and UDEC numerical simulations, revealing the dynamic evolution mechanisms of mining-induced fracture networks and determining the optimal advancement rate and support specifications. [PERSON] et al. [7] investigated the full-cycle multi-physical response characteristics of rock strata deformation and fracturing collapse under extra-thick coal seam conditions through similarity simulation tests combined with an independently developed optoelectronic multi-parameter distributed sensing system. [PERSON] et al. [8] analyzed the full-cycle overlying rock movement laws in high-stage fully mechanized caving faces of steeply dipping extra-thick coal seam groups by collecting surface displacement data and mapping displacement programs using MATLAB, revealing the relationship between stope pressure and overlying rock movement. [PERSON] et al. [9] studied the roof weighting and overlying rock movement characteristics in shallow-buried thick coal seams with fully mechanized caving faces. Results showed that key stratum fracture causes violent overlying rock movement, with goat overlying strata collapsing upward in regular arcs and failure often exhibiting a \"saddle\" morphology. [PERSON] et al. [10] established a \"masonry beam\" mechanical model for mining slopes and revealed the dynamic evolution law of the \"masonry beam\" structure and the impact of key rock block B rotation on slope instability through physical/numerical simulation and mechanical analysis of overlying rock movement in side-slope coal mine stopes. [PERSON] et al. [11] compared overlying rock movement/fracture and surface damage characteristics between pillarless mining and coal pillar mining in shallow-buried ultra-thin coal seams using 3 DEC numerical simulation and field tests. Based on the key stratum theory, they derived a critical formula for hard rock collapse height. [PERSON] et al. [12] studied the overlying rock movement laws in steeply dipping coal seam stops under dip-gravity field effects through combined physical similarity simulation, numerical simulation, and theoretical analysis. [PERSON] et al. [13] identified the roof weighting sources and determined support load calculation methods for fully mechanized caving faces under upper coal seam disturbance using theoretical analysis and similarity simulation, revealing the overlying rock movement laws in disturbed conditions.