## 6 Conclusions  
A precast rocking wall system incorporating tension-compression and shear steel energy dissipaters is proposed. Three quasistatic tests were consecutively carried out on a rocking wall specimen to investigate the effects of different energy dissipater parameters on the seismic performance of the proposed system. Meanwhile, the experimental results were simulated by numerical models based on OpenSees software, and parametric analysis was performed. According to the results of experimental and numerical analysis, the following conclusions can be drawn:  
1. The wall panels showed no significant damage but good self-centering capacity, indicating the satisfactory resilience of the proposed system. Both the shear energy dissipation plates and the miniature bar-type structural fuses exhibited good energy dissipation performance during the test process, leading to flag-shaped hysteresis loops of the proposed system.  
Figure 18: Results of parametric analysis. (**a**) Post-tension force factor; (**b**) Number of SEDPs; (**c**) \(\Delta_{\text{gap}}\); (**d**) Diameter of MBSF.  
2. The minor damage in the wall panels after several reversal cyclic loading tests weakened the stiffness of the proposed system, resulting in a relatively worse performance of the energy dissipaters, which should be avoided by improving the structural details of the wall panels.
3. Test RW1-2 verified the possibility of applying multiple energy dissipaters to achieve a hierarchical energy dissipation (HED) mechanism of a structure, providing a new method for the development of highly efficient structural energy dissipating systems.
4. The effect of SEDPs on the rotation mode of the wall panels influenced the elastic-plastic status of the prestressing tendons and the local concrete at greater drift levels based on parametric analysis. The combination of Belleville springs with MBSFs provided significant effectiveness in achieving HED mechanism for the structure.
5. The finite element model proposed in this paper effectively simulated the effects of the Belleville springs, and parametric analysis showed that the springs cleverly controlled the yielding of MBSFs at the designed drift level. The numerical model accurately simulated the global hysteresis behavior of PRW-TSD with cyclic loading tests as well, which provided a foundation for the subsequent dynamic analysis. However, the numerical model idealizes the deformation pattern of the wall panels and slightly overestimates the structural strength compared to the experimental results.  
Conceptualization, J.L. and D.G.; methodology, D.G., Z.P. and Y.L.; software, Z.P. and Y.L.; validation, Z.P. and D.G.; formal analysis, J.L.; investigation, J.L.; resources, J.L. and D.G.; data curation, Z.P.; writing--original draft preparation, Z.P.; writing--review and editing, D.G., J.L. and Z.P.; project administration, D.G.; funding acquisition, J.L. and D.G. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 52278154), the Natural Science Foundation of the Higher Education Institutions of Jiangsu Province (No. 23 KJB560019), and the China-Pakistan Belt and Road Joint Laboratory on Smart Disaster Prevention of Major Infrastructures.  
Not applicable.  
The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.