# Digital Information Tools for Urban Regeneration: Capital's Approach in Theory and Practice
## 2 Methodological Approach: Interacting Capitals  
City is a complex system where various social, cultural, economic, ecological and other processes interact constantly with and within urban space. Interaction between various processes could be seen as two-directional process: social, economic or other processes call for certain spatial configurations while space may either positively or negatively catalyse certain activities. [PERSON] explains that such an interaction could be based on the principle of \"movement economy\" [6]. According to it, spaces with the best reachability attract certain people, functions and object which benefit from the good reachability (e.g., commercial object, street culture activities, etc.). New objects and activities, on their turn--attract even more people and objects thus utilising spatial potential further, etc. The principle of \"movement economy\" could be seen as one of the basic principles of self-organization of urban structure. Space Syntax, which is based on the movement economy principle, and employs mathematical graph model as its tool, might serve as an illustration of effectiveness of such a modelling approach while predicting allocation of city functions, understanding its spatial-social logic, etc. [PERSON] utilized Space Syntax modelling potential while offering the terms \"Spatial Capital\" [7]. The idea is based on the \"capital\" concept which is used in economic and social studies. [PERSON] offered to see city as a system of interacting capitals: Spatial, Social, Economic and Ecological. The four capitals are defined in the following ways:  
* \"Spatial capital is a representation of spatial form that can be linked to social, economic and ecological processes in cities, thereby allowing them to be consciously directed by urban design\" [7]. Based on Space Syntax approach the spatial urban configurations could be analysed in the terms of co-presence or symmetry, closeness, multifunctionality, etc. * The idea of social capital, according to [PERSON], is grounded on the studies of collective human activities where concepts of trust, cooperation and both formal and informal institutions are essential [8]. It is based on works of [PERSON], who defines social capital as the \"Collective value of all social networks and the inclinations that arise from these networks to do things for each other\" [9]. * Economic capital: \"It is easy to see how the notion of cities as a landscape of co-presences of varying size and differentiation, in economic terms can be translated into a landscape of markets; what are economic markets but co-presences of people and things... We see the importance of transport costs in these models, something that may vary for many reasons, energy costs, degree of congestion and infrastructural standard. However, underpinning any such cost is physical distance, which is what routinely is structured and shaped by way of spatial form in urban design.\" [7]. * According to [PERSON] \"humans... are understood as an intrinsic part of nature and ecological process... We may illustrate (it) through the ecosystem service pollination. To facilitate such services in an urban area, we need to create support for both essential agents... functioning ecosystems are in spatial terms a set of locations linked together in a configuration that allow movement between them.\" [7]. In order to reflect cultural dimensions of urban-social-spatial-economic ecosystem two more capitals could be added: cultural and symbolic. In sociology and anthropology: \"symbolic capital can be referred to as the resources available to an individual on the basis of honour, prestige or recognition, and serves as value that one holds within a culture.\" [10]. Cultural capital is based on such personal but socially valuable and dependant assets as education, intellect, lifestyle, style of speech and dress, etc. Cultural capital \"promote(s) social mobility in a stratified society\" [11].