## 4 Conclusions  
The metabolites from the aqueous extract of _U. lactuca_ can mediate _USeNPs_ biosynthesis. FTIR indicated the function of algal aqueous extract metabolites in stabilizing and capping freshly generated NPs. TEM and XRD results showed that spherical NPs with a size ranging from 18.65 to 67.79 nm and a crystalline character had formed. The SEM-EDX chart confirms the presence of selenium and other components in the sample. The activity of these NPs has been shown through their significant anticancer, antiviral, and  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Sample Name**} & \multirow{2}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} **MNCC** \\ **(\#g/mL)** \\ \end{tabular} } & \multirow{2}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} **Antiviral** \\ **Effect on HAV-10 (\%)** \\ **Tested at MNCC** \\ \end{tabular} } & \multirow{2}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} **Antiviral** \\ **Effect on HAV-10** \\ **(Qualitative) \end{tabular} } & \multirow{2}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} **Antiviral** \\ **Effect on HAV-10** \\ **(Qualitative) \end{tabular} } & \multirow{2}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} **Antiviral** \\ **Effect on HAV-10** \\ **(Qualitative) \end{tabular} } & \multirow{2}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} **Antiviral** \\ **Effect on HAV-10** \\ **(Qualitative) \end{tabular} } & \multirow{2}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} **EC\({}_{\text{50}}\)** \\ **(\#)** \\ \end{tabular} } & \multirow{2}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} **CC\({}_{\text{50}}\)** \\ **(\#)** \\ \end{tabular} } & \multirow{2}{*}{\
\begin{tabular}{c} **SI** \\ **(\#)** \\ \end{tabular} } \\ \hline USeNPs & 100 & 74.13 \(\pm\) 3.79 & +++ & 57.41 \(\pm\) 2.37 & 331.76 \(\pm\) 4.79 & 5.78 \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{
\begin{tabular}{c} Amantadine \\ Reference drug \\ \end{tabular} } & \multirow{2}{*}{100} & \multirow{2}{*}{83.24 \(\pm\) 3.18} & \multirow{2}{*}{++++} & \multirow{2}{*}{5.67 \(\pm\) 0.41} & \multirow{2}{*}{302.85 \(\pm\) 6.93} & \multirow{2}{*}{53.41} \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 1: The antiviral effects of the USeNPS against hepatitis A virus (HAV-10) when tested at maximum noncytotoxic conc (MNCC).  
Figure 13: The effect of different concentrations of USeNPS on DPPH radical scavenging activity with (IC\({}_{\text{50}}\)) 158.02 \(\pm\) 0.07 and 4.48 \(\pm\) 0.01 for USeNPS and vit. C (reference drug), respectively.  
antioxidant activity. All tested activities were dosage-dependent and showed promising results, with the highest tested USeNPs concentration (500 ug/mL) causing cytotoxicity for HepG2 with 91.25% inhibition through the inhibition of the EGFR enzyme that is responsible for EGFR degradation, while the same concentration caused 69.36% inhibition for normal Vero cells, which demonstrates the relative safety of such NPs. Additionally, the NPs considered as active antiviral agents against HAV-10 had good antiviral activity (+++), and USeNPs showed moderate DPPH radical scavenging activity. Therefore, we are proud to recommend the use of our discovery to potentially control HAV-10 viral activity. Additionally, these findings provide valuable clues for discovering antitumor compounds based on the EGFR.  
Conceptualization, M.M.E.-S. methodology, M.E.M.M.; software, T.M.A.-S.; validation, F.M.A. and M.E.M.M.; formal analysis, and investigation, M.E.M.M.; data curation, M.E.M.M.; writing\(-\)original draft preparation, M.M.E.-S.; writing\(-\)review and editing; M.M.E.-S.; supervision, F.M.A. and T.M.A.-S.; funding acquisition. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
This research received no external funding.  
Not applicable.  
All data are included in the manuscript.  
The authors acknowledge the support from Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Researchers Supporting Project number (PNURSP2022R15), Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.  
The authors declare no conflict of interest.