###### Abstract
However, it is possible to send in a form of listing like the serial monitor of Arduino Uno even though that data rate will be high for lesser samples. The duty cycle of LoRa is often less than 1%. If many devices send their packets at the same time, there might be a problem with packet loss or network overload. However, the data packets can be sent properly if every device is configured to send at different times, which is an undeniable flaw of the LoRa module. In this paper, the data flow shown by the sensor going through the LoRa and the Waspmote gateway has been taken at different times on a single channel. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c} \hline \hline
**Wearable Sensors** & \begin{tabular}{c} **Sample Mean** \\ **(Sensor Data)** \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} **Population Standard** \\ **Deviation** \\ \end{tabular} & \
\begin{tabular}{c} **Sample Standard** \\ **Deviation** \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} **Confidence Interval** \\ **Approximations Range** \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline Body Temperature & 35.26 & 0.084 & 0.092 & 35.18-35.33 (95\%) \\ Pulse rate & 58.33 & 2.624 & 2.875 & 53.03–61.35 (99\%) \\ Oxygen saturation & 98.33 & 1.247 & 1.366 & 96.89–99.77 (99\%) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 6: Statistical analysis of sample sensor data. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Hypothesis Testing (Left Tail)** & **Null Hypothesis** & **Sample Mean (H\({}_{\text{z}}\))** & **Sample Mean (Normal** & **Sample Size** & **Significance** & **Result** \\  & **Mean (H\({}_{\text{z}}\))** & **Human Body)** & **Sample Size** & **Value** & **The null hypothesis cannot be rejected. The z score of 46.33 is within the nonrecjection area area \\ \hline Pulse Rate Sensor & 58.33 & 80 & 6 & 5\% & \
\begin{tabular}{c} The null hypothesis \\ cannot be rejected. The z score of 18.46 is within the nonrecjection area \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline Oxygen Saturation & 98.33 & 97.5 & 6 & 5\% &
\begin{tabular}{c} The null hypothesis is \\ rejected and accepts the \\ alternative hypothesis. \\ The z score of \(-1.49\) is in the rejection area \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 7: Hypothesis testing of sample sensor data. Figure 17: Oxygen saturation data collected from the sensor. The main energy consumers are the microcontroller unit (Arduino Uno), sensor unit (MySignals), and RF unit (LoRa). Digital sensors e.g., MySignals are operated by the battery and have a low power consumption. The microcontroller Arduino Uno has the DC (Direct Current) per I/O pin is 40 mA which is taken as a reference to calculate the overall power consumption of data transmission of LoRa. The transmission power of the Waspmote SX1272 is 14 dBm. In this paper, the LoRa transmission and receiving range in terms of distance has been analyzed. The approximate data are shown in Table 8. It is noticeable that the transmission and receiving time is high due to the increased distance. It also increases the energy consumption rate due to the range and slower data rate. With a minimum range, the data rate is faster and shows lesser energy consumption. In general, more time transmitting means more energy consumption. The secure communication protocol is another important factor of every IoT system solutions, where the data transmission must be reliable, confidential, and available by preventing cyber-attacks. This IoT protocol is divided into three levels: Physical access, network and service and application levels. Every level consists of security issues and solutions. BLE (Bluetooth Low Energy) has the data transit attack in its physical layer and Black Network is the new solution for this issue. MQTT (Message Queuing Telemetry Transport) and IPv4 both have the same data transit attack in their application, and network levels, however, secure MQTT with ABE (Attribute Based Encryption) and IPsec protocol are the new and standard solutions of these issues [33; 34]. In this paper, the focus is on the LoRa wireless network system and it also has similar protocol levels.