# Pull-Out Test and Mechanical Properties Analysis Based on Intelligent Bolt and Internet of Things
## 1 Introduction
Based on the fiber grating sensing technology, [PERSON] and [PERSON] [7] proposed an experimental method to measure the lateral load and lateral deformation of the bolt. This method not only fulfills the traditional axial strain measurement requirements for bolts but also incorporates the ability to measure lateral load, direction, and deformation. This advancement opens up new possibilities for applying optical fiber sensing technology in bolt monitoring. [PERSON] [8] studied the reinforcement and monitoring effects of intelligent FRP anchors on slopes, established a finite element model of FRP anchor-reinforced slopes and verified its effectiveness. The key monitoring points in the FRP anchor reinforcement-monitoring slope were obtained, and then the application effect of intelligent FRP anchors in slope reinforcement and monitoring was evaluated, which provided a theoretical basis for slope monitoring. [PERSON] et al. [9] proposed a new type of intelligent bolt assembly, which can detect the change in ground anchor load. By using linear potentiometers, data loggers, power supplies and data transmitters, the intelligent anchor enables automatic self-checking of load monitoring. The reliability of the automatic load monitoring function of the intelligent anchor has been confirmed through sensing tests conducted on field anchors. [PERSON] et al. [10] utilized fiber Bragg grating sensing technology to monitor glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) anti-floating anchors. They measured strain at various points, including the anchor-body interface, the anchor-surrounding rock interface, and within the anchor body itself, achieving comprehensive multi-interface and full-length measurements of the GFRP anti-floating anchor. The results demonstrate that fiber grating sensing technology can accurately record strain changes in GFRP anti-floating anchors throughout the entire pull-out test. [PERSON] et al. [11] proposed a rapid connection technology for anchor field detection based on the self-developed intelligent anchor pull-out test system, which realized the intelligent analysis and visualization of load and displacement data in the whole process of anchor pull-out. Based on the application technology of Internet of Things, [PERSON] et al. [12] developed a remote monitoring and early warning system for detecting deformation in deep foundation pit retaining structures. [PERSON] et al. [13] collected and fed back monitoring data timely and accurately through an intelligent real-time monitoring system and Internet of Things technology, with monitoring cloud platform, monitoring all-in-one machine and various sensor devices as the core. [PERSON] [14] obtained the stress distribution characteristics and evolution law of slope anchors based on three research methods and verified the effectiveness and reliability of intelligent anchors. Some scholars have carried out research on geotechnical anchors by combining theory, experiment and practical engineering. [PERSON] et al. [15] introduced three forms of anchors that can significantly improve the uplift bearing capacity of ordinary prestressed anchors in view of the low bearing capacity of ordinary prestressed anchors, and reflected their anchoring effect through engineering measurement. [PERSON] studied the working performance, reinforcement mechanism and applicable performance of a recyclable anchor (cable) [16]. [PERSON] et al. [17] determined through experimental research that the height and spacing of the transverse ribs significantly affect the anchoring performance of bolts. [PERSON] et al. [18] studied the influence of the surface state and diameter of the bolt material on the rod body and the reinforcement. As an effective means to analyze the working mechanism of a bolt, some scholars have studied it and found that when the length of the metal nut reaches 10 cm, the anchor head of a glass fiber-reinforced polymer bolt reaches its ultimate pull-out bearing capacity [19].