## 5 Tactile Internet Application Requirements
### Discussion on Application Requirements  
The application requirements of Tactile Internet vary depending on the specific use case but generally demand extremely high network performance. If the application characteristics are known, the requirements can be derived from that, and appropriate technologies or approaches can be chosen for the design. Based on the key parameter requirements for Tactile Internet and the technological capabilities of 5G and 6G as given in Table 4, the parameter requirements for Tactile Internet are briefly discussed below. * End-to-End Latency Ultra-low latency (<1 ms) is essential for real-time tactile and haptic interactions. The 5G capability of URLLC enables latencies as low as 1 ms, and for 6G, it is envisioned below 0.1 ms, leveraging THz communication, edge AI, and quantum communication [28; 48]. Such a drastic reduction in latency will enhance real-time telepresence, immersive mixed reality, and haptic-based Tactile Internet applications [15]. * Reliability Tactile Internet application requires very low packet loss and error-free transmission (<10\({}^{-9}\)) to prevent failures in critical applications and enable autonomous systems to function without disruptions. 5G achieves such reliability via multi-connectivity and network slicing [38]. 6G aims to achieve it through AI-driven predictive network management [20], blockchain-based trust models, and reconfigurable intelligent surfaces. * Data Rate The increasing demand for holographic communication and high-fidelity extended reality applications necessitates extreme data rates. Such applications may require data rates ranging from 1 Gbps to 10 Gbps to support high-resolution tactile and visual feedback. 5G provides up to 10 Gbps data speed using mmWave frequencies. 6G is expected to support up to 1 Tbps through Terahertz communication, massive MIMO, intelligent reflecting surfaces, AI-based network optimization, and free space optics technologies [8]. * Update Rate To have a real-time immersive experience, the data need to be refreshed or updated to maintain real-time operation. The tactile applications require an update rate of more than 1 kHz (1000 times per sec or update every 1 ms interval) for real-time haptic feedback. 5G supports 1 kHz update rates. 6G is envisioned to target 10 kHz using AI-enhanced network orchestration [44]. A higher update rate improves real-time industrial control, brain-computer interfaces, and multi-sensory synchronization. * Power Consumption Sustainable energy solutions [49] are essential for IoT-enabled tactile interactions and wearable haptics. Low-power and energy-efficient operations in most Tactile Internet applications are essential to support wearable devices. 5G has these capabilities, and 6G plans to use energy harvesting [28], AI-driven power optimization, and quantum batteries. * Mobility Support To maintain stable connectivity while users move at high speeds, Tactile Internet requires seamless handover at high speeds [18]. The seamless connectivity in high-speed scenarios, such as high-speed trains and drones, is critical. 5G supports mobility at speeds up to 500 km/h. 6G is expected to handle mobility up to 1000 km/h with intelligent beamforming and satellite-terrestrial integration. * Scalability Tactile Internet requires highly scalable architecture with a massive network to support millions of devices simultaneously without significant congestion. 5G can support 1 million devices/km2 by leveraging massive MIMO (mMIMO) and network slicing. 6G envisions offering support to 10 million devices/km2 using AI-optimized resource allocation and intelligent reflecting surfaces [38]. * Security Tactile Internet requires proactive security with end-to-end encryption and zero-trust architecture [50]. The 5G security framework includes security anchor function) and a subscription identifier de-concealing function [51]. 6G plans to integrate quantum encryption, blockchain for authentication, and AI-driven cyber threat mitigation.