# The Role of Multi-Agent Systems in Realizing Asset Administration Shell Type 3
## 3 AAS Type 3 Approaches Based on Multi-Agent Systems
The review also reveals that communication capabilities stand out as one of the most emphasized and valuable features of agents. This natural and inherent characteristic of agents positions them as a powerful enabler for achieving the decentralized and collaborative interactions (particularly through negotiation strategies) envisioned in AAS Type 3 implementations. As shown in Figure 3, in a negotiation-based production scenario, information about capabilities (capability: an abstract description of a function or operation that an asset can perform, which results in tangible real-world effects, such as drilling. This description includes specific properties and constraints that define the scope and limitations of the \begin{table}
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**Ref.** & **Application Domain** & **Solution Description** \\ \hline
[35] & Smart manufacturing (protocol implementation in a demonstrator) & - Presents a methodology positioned with respect to the RAMI4.0 layers, which provides guidelines for integrating AASs and MAS - Assets: small-scale production system (robot, punching machines, and indexed machines) \\ \hline
[36] & Shared production in manufacturing (prototypical implementation in a demonstrator) & - Introduces a MAS architecture designed to enable shared production. The proposed architecture is grounded in holonic principles, and the AAS serve as the self-description mechanism for these agents/holons, providing the necessary information for their operation, interaction, and integration - Assets: robot module, assembly module, 3D printer module, connector module, conveyor module, and quality module \\ \hline
[37] & Production scheduling (deployed in an industrial pilot coming from the bicycle production industry) & - Presents an approach in which agents operate in a decentralized manner, interacting with each other to solve scheduling problems, while the AAS provides production- and agent-related information (e.g., agent identity, description, skills, and configurations) - Assets: production lines (e.g., painting and assembly lines) \\ \hline
[38] & Diagnosis and fault detection in production environments (prototypical implementation in a demonstrator) & - Integrates MAS and AAS to perform fault detection and diagnosis. All asset- and fault-related information is modeled within AAS submodels, while communication between system components is enabled through agent-based interaction using the I4.0 language - Assets: production modules \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
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Table 3: _Cont._operation [41]) and skills (skill: the concrete implementation of a function provided by an asset, as defined by a capability. A skill enables the practical execution of a capability and typically involves parameters, including inputs and outputs, that allow for the control and monitoring of the skill's execution. Each skill must be accessible through at least one interface, which provides interaction with the skill's state machine, as well as its parameters [41]) is organized into submodels, which the agents utilize to manage their respective assets. As a result, agents representing resources possess information of the capabilities their assets can provide and the skills to execute these capabilities. On the other hand, agents representing products possess information of their required capabilities structured in a submodel that outlines the steps and requirements for production based on the required capabilities. This information allows products and resources to collaborate seamlessly to complete the production process, where resources may act as service providers by offering their capabilities as services, while products act as service requesters, seeking services aligned with their production requirements. Moreover, such communication capabilities enabled by agents could open up new possibilities by transcending traditional organizational boundaries. This advancement allows the creation of shared production environments where multiple companies can collaborate in real-time.