###### Abstract
[[https://doi.org/10.3390/appl222110873](https://doi.org/10.3390/appl222110873)]([https://doi.org/10.3390/appl222110873](https://doi.org/10.3390/appl222110873))  
**Citation:** [PERSON], [PERSON]; [PERSON], [PERSON]; [PERSON], [PERSON], [PERSON], C. Strength Characteristics and In Situ Stress Measurements of Rock Cores from a Large Section Underground Station: A Case Study. _Appl. Sci._of tunnels, such as large deformation, which often leads to the failure of the surrounding rock and supporting structure of the tunnel [5; 6]. For example, the Jiazhuqing tunnel [7], Yacambu-Quibor tunnel [8] and Simplon tunnel [9] all experience large deformations due to the soft surrounding rock and poor geology conditions. In addition to large deformations, tunnel collapse, water and mud inrush are also common geological disasters in soft rock tunnel construction [10; 11]. Therefore, an in-depth study of the mechanical properties of rock masses is highly necessary for the typical difficult tunnel projects in this area. It will help estimate the possible risks of tunnel excavation, and it has important guiding significance for the design and construction of tunnels in similar geological areas. Many scholars have conducted relevant studies on soft rock tunnels. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [12] studied and analyzed the tunnel rock behaviors of a large span tunnel in soft rock with a small to medium overburden. They found that the major displacement component of the tunnel walls was in the vertical direction and that the tunnel convergence was not stopped until the pipe ring was entirely closed with the inverted construction. [PERSON] et al. [13] studied the bottom heave of the Taoshuya tunnel and proposed that the main reasons for the bottom heave of the soft rock tunnel are the buckling and instability of the tunnel floor, the softening and expansion of soft rock in water, and the rheology of soft rock. Under different geological conditions, these three factors have different effects on floor heave. [PERSON] et al. [14; 15] analyzed the in situ measurement results of coal mine roadway measuring stations and proposed the calculation method for the floor heave. They found that, in the absence of an impact of geological factors on the stability of the excavation, the floor upheaval depends on the floor rock's compressive strength \(\sigma_{\rm c}\) and Young's modulus \(E\); in the case of rock mass, the condition affected by water depends on the rock's compressive strength reduction after submerging rock in the water and, in the case of the fault, depends on the fault's throw. It is worth mentioning that the time parameter is considered in the proposed calculation methods. In addition, a floor heave model, which covers a dry floor condition in which the parameters of the Hoek-Brown failure criterion are gradually lowered over time, and a waterlogged floor condition, in which the strength and strain parameters of the rocks are gradually reduced in line with their progressive saturation, is also presented. The consistency of the modeling and the observational results for the waterlogged roadway conditions is high. [PERSON] et al. [16] discussed the alternate bed of sandstone, siltstone and shale and their behavior in deep tunnels. [PERSON]. [17] used FLAC3D to calculate the distribution characteristics of the stress field, displacement field and seepage field of the surrounding rock of a double arch tunnel with or without the seepage effect. The results showed that the stress field of the surrounding rock without considering the seepage effect is generally larger than that with considering the seepage effect. The horizontal stress of the former is 20-30% higher than that of the latter, while the vertical stress is almost the same. The settlement of the tunnel crown is nearly twice as large as that without considering the seepage effect, and the horizontal displacement is not much different.