## 3 Transfer Setup with Glovebox Integration
The observation of high electronic mobilities exceeding 15,000 cm\({}^{2}\)V\({}^{-1}\)s\({}^{-1}\) and a fully developed quantum hall effect in encapsulated indium monoselenide [114] is yet another important example showcasingthe advantage of forming heterostructures in a protected environment. Layer-dependent ferromagnetism has been demonstrated in mono and few layers of CrI\({}_{3}\)[120]. Furthermore, the encapsulated devices demonstrated robust stability when exposed to air for prolonged periods of time. It is therefore clear that isolation and transfer of 2D materials in an inert atmosphere setting has provided a unique platform for the exploration of 2D materials. This development has opened the door to numerous 2D materials that were previously inaccessible due to degradation before their properties could be measured. Figure 3 illustrates how a deterministic transfer setup, based on a modified microscope (as shown in Figure 1a), can be integrated within a glovebox. However, in order to effectively perform the transfer within such a commercial, state-of-the-art glovebox unit, the linear stages have to be motorized and controlled from outside the glovebox using joystick controls or a computer [6, 70, 85]. This is mainly because the standard gloves provided in these systems are very thick, rendering them difficult to use in manual operation mode by a user, where mechanical exfoliation, and substrate, microscope and manipulator handling, all need to be carried out wearing thick gloves. While the motorization of the stages enhances the accuracy of the transfer and the technical capability of the transfer system, it also adds to cost and complexity. The problem associated with thick gloves was later resolved by the design of a gloveless glovebox transfer setup by [PERSON] et al. [82]. In their work, the authors demonstrated that the user could carry out all the critical steps of the transfer process with his/her bare hands, similar to how the process would normally be performed in ambient air conditions outside the glovebox. This was made possible as their system made use of sealed doors that could be opened via insertion of hands through sleeves, followed by pumping down and purging with nitrogen gas. Figure 4a shows a photograph of the gloveless anaerobic chamber used by [PERSON] et al. Figure 4b shows the various steps needed to introduce the hands inside the chamber, and Figure 4c shows a photograph of the user operating the transfer system inside the glovebox chamber. The effective purg  
Figure 3: Deterministic placement setup used by the Manchester group [6]. The system is housed inside a glovebox (**upper left**) to maintain controlled environmental conditions during the transfer process. The stages are fully motorized and operated via joysticks located outside the glovebox. Adapted from [6] with permission from The Royal Society of Chemistry. was demonstrated using oxygen scrubbers. The authors demonstrated the functionality of their transfer setup by showcasing the deterministic transfer of a h-BN encapsulated black phosphorus flake (see Figure 4d) and investigating the stability of thin black phosphorus and perovskite flakes when exfoliated within the aerobic chamber.