## 1 Introduction  
Change of direction (COD), defined as the ability to decelerate, change the direction and reaccelerate [1], is a determining factor in sports performance in soccer [2, 3]. There are, on average, 80-100 CODs per player during a match, and the most frequent angle range in the COD is 45-180\({}^{\circ}\)[4]. Specifically, being able to perform a 180\({}^{\circ}\) COD quickly and efficiently is an essential skill in multidirectional team sports [5, 6, 7, 8]. Among the most used evaluations to assess the 180\({}^{\circ}\) COD in soccer is the 505 test [9, 10, 11], which highlights, among other tests [12], COD ability. Change of direction speed [3; 13] is considered a selective factor because the time available to perform a COD decreases as the competition level increases [14; 15]. Players who display a faster COD performance show greater horizontal propulsive forces in less ground contact times and greater approach velocities [16]. Frequently, total time spent on the test (e.g., in a 505 test, the timed section [5 m run--180\({}^{\circ}\) turn--5 m run] excluding the previous 10 m running section) is considered when evaluating COD performance, so the linear velocity may mask the real COD performance. As a solution to this problem, the COD deficit (CODD) was developed [17; 18]. This term helps to interpret the COD evaluation, indicating the additional time required for a COD compared to a linear sprint of equivalent distance (e.g., 5 m run--180\({}^{\circ}\) turn--5 m run compared to 10 m linear sprint). Using CODD, coaches obtain an \"isolated value\" of COD ability, which means that this variable is neither influenced by the player's acceleration nor by his linear speed [17; 18]. Other determinant factors of COD performance are maximum force, power production and braking force [1]. These three factors have great importance in COD performance because, to generate a change in movement direction, a force application in a different direction is necessary [6; 7; 13; 19; 20]. Technical execution is also a determinant factor, which can reduce COD time and thus increase COD performance. Thus, less contact time on the floor [21], correct pelvic alignment [22] and the penultimate foot contact on the floor [23; 24], among others, are technical keys that could influence COD performance, becoming more demanding as the competition level increases. Many studies have tried to relate the levels of maximum strength and power production to COD performance [5; 17; 25; 26]. [PERSON] [26] attempted to establish this relationship in male physical education students using one-repetition maximum in squat (1 RM-SQ), maximal isometric force in squat and power in squat jump (SJ), showing a poor relationship with COD performance. Later, [PERSON] et al. [15] tried to establish a relationship between 1 RM-SQ relative to body weight and COD performance, finding a strong relationship between both, but with a limited sample size (\(n=10\)). More recently, studies such as those by [PERSON] et al. [5] and [PERSON] et al. [27], carried out with soccer players, showed a strong relationship between strength parameters (one-repetition maximum in the half-squat exercise (HS 1 RM)), peak power (PP) in SJ and COD performance. Usually, 180\({}^{\circ}\) COD performance has been related to vertical component strength variables [5; 15; 20; 27]. Nevertheless, a recent study by [PERSON] et al. [16] highlights how important it is to apply large and rapid horizontal force levels over short contact times to increase 180\({}^{\circ}\) COD performance. The FV relationship during sprint allows objective quantification of maximum horizontal power output (P\({}_{\text{max}}\)), as well as maximum horizontal force output (F\({}_{0}\)) and maximum running velocity (V\({}_{0}\)), normalized to bodyweight. These factors create the horizontal force-velocity profile (Hzt FV profile) developed by [PERSON] et al. [28].