# A Comprehensive Study on Deep Learning-Based 3D Hand Pose Estimation Methods
## 5 Conclusions and Future Directions
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Datasets** & **Input Modality** & **Sub-Category** & **Method** & **Results** \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{ICVL [41]} & \multirow{4}{*}{Depth-based} & \multirow{4}{*}{2D depth map} & [PERSON] et al. [103] & 6.24 mPEPE \\ \cline{3-5}  & & & [PERSON] et al. [87] & 6.26 mPEPE \\ \cline{3-5}  & & & [PERSON] et al. [100] & 6.46 mPEPE \\ \cline{3-5}  & & & [PERSON] et al. [64] & 6.28 mPEPE \\ \cline{3-5}  & & 3D representations & [PERSON] et al. [99] & 6.30 mPEPE \\ \cline{3-5}  & & & [PERSON] et al. [50] & 6.70 mPEPE \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{NYU [42]} & \multirow{4}{*}{Depth-based} & \multirow{4}{*}{2D depth map} & [PERSON] et al. [85] & 7.40 mPEPE \\ \cline{3-5}  & & & [PERSON] et al. [87] & 7.78 mPEPE \\ \cline{3-5}  & & & [PERSON] et al. [100] & 8.61 mPEPE \\ \cline{3-5}  & & & [PERSON] et al. [64] & 8.42 mPE \\ \cline{3-5}  & & & [PERSON] et al. [115] & 8.72 mPEPE \\ \cline{3-5}  & & & [PERSON] et al. [110] & 8.9 mPEPE \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{MSRA15 [63]} & \multirow{4}{*}{Depth-based} & \multirow{4}{*}{2D depth map} & [PERSON] et al. [87] & 7.16 mPEPE \\ \cline{3-5}  & & & [PERSON] et al. [86] & 7.20 mPEPE \\ \cline{3-5}  & & & [PERSON] et al. [97] & 7.20 mPEPE \\ \cline{3-5}  & & & [PERSON] et al. [64] & 7.49 mPEPE \\ \cline{3-5}  & & 3D representations & [PERSON] et al. [110] & 7.40 mPEPE \\ \cline{3-5}  & & & [PERSON] et al. [99] & 7.70 mPEPE \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{HANDS 2017 [45]} & \multirow{4}{*}{Depth-based} & \multirow{4}{*}{2D depth map} & [PERSON] et al. [54] & 5.26 mPEPE \\ \cline{3-5}  & & & [PERSON] et al. [111] & 5.90 mPEPE \\ \cline{3-5}  & & & [PERSON] et al. [87] & 8.33 mPEPE \\ \cline{3-5}  & & 3D representations & [PERSON] et al. [105] & 9.82 mPEPE \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{SynHand5M [92]} & \multirow{4}{*}{Depth-based} & \multirow{4}{*}{2D depth map} & [PERSON] et al. [64] & 9.95 mPEPE \\ \cline{3-5}  & & & [PERSON] et al. [93] & 4.32 mPEPE \\ \cline{3-5}  & & & [PERSON] et al. [93] & 6.30 mPEPE \\ \cline{3-5}  & & & [PERSON] et al. [115] & 3.75 mPEPE \\ \cline{3-5}  & & & [PERSON] et al. [64] & 3.81 mPEPE \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Dexter+Object [141]} & \multirow{4}{*}{RGB-based} & \multirow{4}{*}{Model-based} & [PERSON] et al. [124] & 0.825 AUC \\ \cline{3-5}  & & & [PERSON] et al. [125] & 25.53 mPE/0.763 AUC \\ \cline{3-5}  & & & [PERSON] et al. [126] & 0.610 AUC \\ \cline{3-5}  & & & [PERSON] et al. [117] & 0.820 AUC \\ \cline{3-5}  & & & [PERSON] [116] & 0.710 AUC \\ \cline{3-5}  & & & & \\ \cline{3-5}  & & & & \\ \cline{3-5}  & & & & \\ \cline{3-5}  & & & & \\ \cline{3-5}  & & & & \\ \cline{3-5}  & & & & \\ \cline{3-5}  & & & & \\ \cline{3-5}  & & & & \\ \cline{3-5}  & & & & \\ \cline{3-5}  & & & & \\ \cline{3-5}  & & & & \\ \cline{3-5}  & & & & \\ \cline{3-5}  & & & & \\ \cline{3-5}  & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{RHD [43]} & \multirow{4}{*}{Multimodal} & \multirow{4}{*}{Unimodal inference} & [PERSON] et al. [135] & 0.948 AUC \\ \cline{3-5}  & & & [PERSON] et al. [127] & 12.40 mPEPE \\ \cline{3-5}  & & & [PERSON] et al. [126] & 0.926 AUC \\ \cline{3-5}  & & & [PERSON] et al. [124] & 0.901 AUC \\ \cline{3-5}  & & & & \\ \cline{3-5}  & & & & \\ \cline{3-5}  & & & & \\ \cline{3-5}  & & & & \\ \cline{3-5}  & & & & \\ \cline{3-5}  & & & & \\ \cline{3-5}  & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{STB [44]} & \multirow{4}{*}{RGB-based} & \multirow{4}{*}{Model-based} & [PERSON] et al. [127] & 3.96 mPEPE \\ \cline{3-5}  & & & [PERSON] et al. [126] & 0.995 AUC \\ \cline{3-5}  & & & & & \\ \cline{3-5}  & & & & \\ \cline{3-5}  & & & & \\ \cline{3-5}  & & & & \\ \cline{3-5}  & & & & \\ \cline{3-5}  & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{StB [44]} & \multirow{4}{*}{Multimodal} & \multirow{4}{*}{Unimodal Inference} & [PERSON] et al. [134] & 0.994 AUC \\ \cline{3-5}  & & & & & \\ \cline{3-5}  & & & & & \\ \cline{3-5}  & & & & \\ \cline{3-5}  & & & & \\ \cline{3-5}  & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{EgoDexter [136]} & \multirow{4}{*}{RGB-based} & Model-based & [PERSON] et al. [125] & 45.33 mPE/0.674 AUC \\ \cline{3-5}  & & & & & \\ \cline{3-5}  & & & & \\ \cline{3-5}  & & & & \\ \cline{3-5}  & & & & \\ \cline{3-5}  & & & & \\ \cline{3-5}  & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{EgoDexter [136]} & \multirow{4}{*}{RGB-based} & Model-free & [PERSON] et al. [116] & 0.580 AUC \\ \cline{3-5}  & & & & & \\ \cline{3-5}  & & & & \\ \cline{3-5}  & & & & \\ \cline{3-5}  & & & & & \\ \cline{3-5}  & & & & \\ \cline{3-5}  & & & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}