## 3 Outcomes of Literature Search  
The initial search of the databases resulted in a total of 101 articles. After analysis of the abstracts, title, and duplications of the studies, 81 articles were removed based on the inclusion criteria specified for this review. A total of 20 articles that fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in this review article.  
The general characteristics of the studies included in this study have been described in Table 1. AR and VR have been successfully used in various fields of dentistry such as oral and maxillofacial surgery, orthodontics, endodontics, dental implantology, and dental public health. Dental anxiety is a problematic experience for both patients and dentists, especially pediatric patients. Such anxieties have been successfully reduced by the use of AR and VR whereby children were subjected to watching cartoons using virtual reality goggles, resulting in a decrease in heart rates and pain scores [9; 10]. The use of AR and VR has further improved the surgical accuracy and duration of surgery along with the manual dexterity of surgeons who employ the use of AR and VR [11; 12; 13; 14]. The development of AR devices has allowed users to combine all sorts of information and images that are converted into reality. Furthermore, orbital reconstruction and placement of the dental implants in the alveolar bones of patients require rigorous planning and surgical skills for optimal outcomes, which are further enhanced by the use of AR and VR [12; 15].  
The use of AR and VR has been introduced into operative dentistry residency training, which helps the residents to improve their confidence and knowledge by practicing the skills virtually before the implementation of their skills on patients [16]. Trauma is a common finding in dentistry, ranging from trauma affecting a single tooth to large facial fractures. Trauma and tumors are known to involve the orbits, so the introduction of the use of AR and VR in the reconstruction of the orbit has been used successfully [17]. Moreover, in the field of oral and maxillofacial surgery, the use of AR and VR in performing mandibular angle oblique split osteotomy has been studied, and improved and effective results were obtained [18]. The use of AR technology in oblique split osteotomy proved to be helpful for controlling maxillary translocation during orthognathic surgery.  
Since CT scans form an integral part of treatment planning and the execution of the treatment of patients, AR and VR were introduced in CT-scan imaging for oral and maxillofacial surgery to provide images of higher quality [6]. Such CT-scan images provided better visualization for surgeons, of various anatomic structures in the area of the operative field. For a successful root canal treatment, the, detection of all canal orifics is crucial, so AR and VR use in endodontics has been explored with real-time detection of root canal orifices [19]. Since it is known that the identification of all root canal orifices is of prime importance for the success of root canal treatment, the use of AR and VR technology in endodontics can prove to be fruitful for endodontists.  
For the correction of malocclusion in patients, at times, surgical corrections are required during their orthodontic treatment. So, AR and VR have been used in patients requiring surgical orthodontics where the guided placement of brackets for orthodontics correction was performed [20]. This method captured several sequences of patients' video to help improve the robustness, performance, and accuracy for more efficient orthodontic treatment. For students, to improve their knowledge and clinical skills, AR and VR have been introduced to further improve the level of education of students during their undergraduate years [21].