# Operationalisation of Building Inspections and Repair: Systematisation-Based Approach
## 3 Results
### Most Common Diagnosis Methods to Prepare an Inspection
#### 3.1.2 Diagnosis Methods in Facade Elements/Claddings  
In Table 12, the most relevant inter-defects correlations in facades are identified, referring to different relationships between defects \"A-A2 Surface moisture\", \"A-A3 Dirt and accumulation of debris\", \"A-B1 Biodeterioration/biological growth\", \"A-C1 Mapped cracking\", and \"A-C2 Oriented cracking on the current surface\". According to the data of [PERSON] et al. [44] adapted to the harmonisation of the classification of defects [33], defect **A-B1** is the fourth most common in **door and window frames** (in 32.7% of inspected frames). Defect A-A3 is also common in door and window frames (24.1%). As for **wall renders**, according to the data of [PERSON] et al. [45] adapted to the harmonisation of the classification of defects [33], defect \"**A-A3 Dirt and accumulation of debris\" is the most detected (in 90% of inspected wall renders). Defect A-C1 is much less common (6%). Defects A-C2 (41%) and A-B1 (35%) have an average incidence in wall renders. According to the data of [PERSON] et al. [46], adapted to the harmonisation of the classification of defects [33], defect **A-A2** is the most common in **ETICS** (in 59.4% of inspected surfaces). Defects A-A3 (24.4%), A-B1 (27.8%), and A-C2 (32.2%) are also common in ETICS, while defect A-C1 was only found in 7.5% of inspected surfaces. As for **painted facades**, according to the data of [PERSON] et al. [47], adapted to the harmonisation of the classification of defects [33], defect \"**A-A3** Dirt and accumulation of debris\" is by far the most detected (in 91.4% of inspected painted facades). Defects A-B1 (40.0%) and A-C1 (35.2%) have an average incidence in painted facades. According to the data of [PERSON] et al. [48], adapted to the harmonisation of the classification of defects [33], defect **A-C2** is the most common in **architectural concrete surfaces** (in 48.2% of inspected surfaces). Defects A-A2 (29.1%) and A-A3 (32.7%) are also common in architectural concrete surfaces, while defects A-B1 (11.8%) and A-C1 (12.7%) have a low incidence. As for **adhesive ceramic tiling**, according to the data of [PERSON] et al. [49], adapted to the harmonisation of the classification of defects [33], defect \"**A-A3** Dirt and accumulation of debris\" is one of the most detected (in 28% of inspected surfaces). Defect A-B1 (3%) has one of the lowest incidences. Defects A-C1 and A-C2, together, are present in 50% of inspected tiled surfaces. Finally, according to the data of [PERSON] and [PERSON] [50] adapted to the harmonisation of the classification of defects [33], none of the identified defects are among the top most detected in **natural stone claddings**. Nevertheless, defects **A-A3** (19.5%), A-B1 (7.8%), A-C1 17.6% and A-C2 17.6% have an average occurrence in natural stone claddings. As for the severity of the set of defects included in the most relevant correlations in facade elements/claddings, data from service life prediction methodologies can also be considered. In the case of door and window frames, the severity implicitly associated with the degradation levels for defects by [PERSON] et al. [51] may be used. Of the mentioned set of defects, these authors only take into account \"A-A3 Dirt and accumulation of debris\" and \"A-B1 Biodeterioration/biological growth\", which comprise the defects \"Accumulation of debris\" and \"Biological growth\", respectively. The accumulation of debris is admitted to affect 20% or more of the area of the element when it is in good condition (Level B). As for biological growth, if it affects up to 15% of the area of the element, it will be considered in Level C (slight degradation). On the other hand, if it affects between 15% and 30% of the total area of the element, then it should be considered moderately degraded (Level D). In case more than 30% of the area is affected, the element is considered to be under severe degradation (Level E). As such, biological growth is considered a severe defect in door and window frames. [PERSON] et al.