# Maximum Safe Parameters of Ships in Complex Systems of Port Waterways
## 3 Results
* Northern Turning Basin (1.7 km of the fairway), \(L_{\infty}\) = 300 m, \(B_{o}\) = 50 m--bulk carriers under ballast;
* Mielinska Turning Basin (4.9 km of fairway), \(L_{\infty}\) = 270 m, \(B_{o}\) = 40 m, \(T_{o}\) = 11.0 m;
* Przesmyk Orli Turning Basin (63.7 km), \(L_{\infty}\) = 260 m, \(B_{o}\) = 33 m, \(T_{o}\) = 9.0 m--cruise ships and \(L_{\infty}\) = 250 m, \(B_{o}\) = 33 m, \(T_{o}\) = 11.0 m--container ships
* Parnica Turning Basin (67.3 km of the fairway), \(L_{\infty}\) = 230 m, \(B_{o}\) = 33 m, \(T_{o}\) = 11.0 m--bulk carriers;
* Port of Police (49.4 km of the fairway), \(L_{\infty}\) = 230 m, \(B_{o}\) = 33 m, \(T_{o}\) = 11.0 m--bulk carriers and chemical tankers;
* Designed Skolwin Port (55.7 km of the fairway), \(L_{\infty}\) = 230 m, \(B_{o}\) = 35, \(T_{o}\) = 11.2 m--product tankers and LPG tankers. The maximum ship lengths in the turning basins of Northern, Mielinska and Przesmyk Orli were determined using simulation methods, whereas the maximum ship length in the Parnica Turning Basin was estimated using the empirical method. Example results of simulation tests are presented for the Northern Turning Basin. The tests were conducted on the FABS simulator from Kongsberg. The preliminary assumed conditions for the safe operation of bulk carriers entering the Port of Swinoujscie were as follows:  
* Ingoing vessel entering and berthing port side alongside--loaded bulk carrier: L\({}_{\text{c}}\) = 300 m, T = 13.2 m;
* Outgoing--bulk carrier under ballast: L\({}_{\text{c}}\) = 300 m, T\({}_{\text{D}}\) = 7.4 m, T\({}_{\text{R}}\) = 9.0 m; the ship turns around the starboard side in the Northern Turning Basin. Two simulation models of this bulk carrier were built to conduct three test series of ship arrivals and departures. The simulation experiment consisting of 12 passages in one series was performed by port pilots. Each test series was conducted in different least favorable hydrometeorological conditions. Figure 3 presents statistically developed test results of the port entry by a loaded bulk carrier, and Figure 4 depicts the turning of the bulk carrier under ballast, at wind N 10 m/s and ingoing current 0.8 knots. The test results are shown as safe maneuvering areas determined at three levels of confidence: maximum (red line), mean (green line) and 95% (magenta line). 3. The maximum overall length and breadth of ships safely maneuvering in fairway bends were determined for fairway sections between the turning basins. The calculations were made in this order: * Northern Turning Basin (1.7 km)--port entrance (0.0 km of the fairway). The maximum overall length and breadth of ships entering the port and approaching the Northern Turning Basin were determined by the simulation method (Figure 3), L\({}_{\text{c}}\) = 300 m, B = 50 m, T = 13.2 m;
* The Mielinska Turning Basin (4.9 km of the fairway)--Northern Turning Basin. The maximum overall length and breadth of ships safely passing from the Northern to Mielinska Turning Basins were determined by the simulation method L\({}_{\text{c}}\) = 270 m, B = 40 m, T = 11.0 m [16]. In addition, the navigational risk of maximum ship passage was examined in connection with the planned arrivals of a ferry L\({}_{\text{c}}\) = 220 m at berth No 2 of the ferry terminal in Swinoujscie. The risk that the maneuvering ship moves out of the available navigable area and passenger fatalities occur R = 2.8 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-7}\) [year\({}^{-1}\)] is lower than the acceptable risk [18]. * Przesmyk Orli Turning Basin (63.7 km of the fairway)--Mielinska Turning Basin. The maximum overall length \(L_{\text{c}}^{\text{zak}}\) and breadth \(B^{\text{zak}}\) of ships safely maneuvering in the fairway bends (turns) between Mielinska and Przesmyk Orli Turning Basins were determined by the simulation method. The tests were conducted using a Kongsberg-made FABS simulator in three fairway bends: Marikow, Inskie-Babina and Swieta.