# To What Extent Are the Effects of UV Radiation on Grapes Conserved in the Resulting Wines?
); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (L.M. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (R.T.-L.-H.); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (E.N.-O. )1 Faculty of Science and Technology, University of La Rioja, Madre de Dlos 53, 26006 Logrono, La Rioja, Spain; [PERSON].-A. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (L.M. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (R.T.-L.-H.); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (E.N.-O. )1 Faculty of Science and Technology, University of La Rioja, Madre de Dlos 53, 26006 Logrono, La Rioja, Spain; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (M.-A.D.-C.-A. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (L.M. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (R.T.-L.-H.); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (E.N.-O. )1 Faculty of Science and Technology, University of La Rioja, Madre de Dlos 53, 26006 Logrono, La Rioja, Spain; [PERSON].-A. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (L.M. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (R.T.-L.-H.); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (E.N.-O. )1 Faculty of Science and Technology, University of La Rioja, Madre de Dlos 53, 26006 Logrono, La Rioja, Spain; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (M.-A.D.-C.-A. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (L.M. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (R.T.-L.-H.); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (E.N.-O. )1 Faculty of Science and Technology, University of La Rioja, Madre de Dlos 53, 26006 Logrono, La Rioja, Spain; [PERSON].-A. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (L.M. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (R.T.-L.-H.); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (E.N.-O. )1 Faculty of Science and Technology, University of La Rioja, Madre de Dlos 53, 26006 Logrono, La Rioja, Spain; [PERSON]-A. ); laura.monforte@unriola.eshand, UV manipulation represents an innovative technological tool to improve crop quality through modifying, among other characteristics, the plant architecture, metabolite contents, and pest and disease tolerance [5]. Grapevine (_Vitis vinifera_ L.) has been widely investigated regarding UV effects [6; 7]. In grapevine leaves, short high-dose UV exposures can lead to diverse damage, whereas long exposures at either dose hardly affected most photosynthetic and biochemical parameters, probably due to acclimation processes such as the increase in UV-absorbing compounds and antioxidant capacity [6]. In grapes, UV radiation causes the accumulation of several phenolic compounds (see below) and the induction of related genes [6; 8], while UV effects on agronomic variables, such as berry size and yield, are far from clear [9]. UV effects on grapes are commercially important, and knowledge of this subject is increasing rapidly. Different studies on grapes have mainly applied four experimental approaches: (1) using UV natural gradients along latitude [10] or altitude [11]; (2) using cut-off filters to exclude ambient UV radiation, thus assessing the effects of ambient UV levels [12; 13; 14; 15]; (3) using lamps to increase UV-A and/or UV-B exposures, trying to simulate stratospheric ozone degradation or to improve grape characteristics, particularly the contents of metabolites determining grape and wine quality [9; 15; 16], and (4) using UV-C to increase specific metabolites, particularly stilbenes, under controlled conditions [17; 18; 19]. The most studied metabolites in these regards have been phenolic compounds and, to a lesser extent, volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Phenolic compounds are chemically diverse, from relatively simple phenolic acids (hydroxycinnamic and hydroxybenzoic acids, and their derivatives) to stilbenes and different types of flavonoids (flavanols, flavonols, and anthocyanins) [20]. Many of them have nutraceutical properties. Regarding VOCs, they are equally diverse, including (among others) alcohols, hydrocarbons, esters, aldehydes, terpenes, and fatty acids [20; 21]. All these compounds contribute to the different colors, aromas, flavors, and textures of grapes and, especially, wines. Despite the notable background of knowledge already available to the scientific community, only a few studies have evaluated to what extent the effects of UV radiation on grapes are conserved in the resulting wines [11; 16; 22; 23]. These studies were carried out on three different varieties (Malbec, Pinot nor, and Tempranillo), either using lamps to expose grapes to enhanced UV-B levels [16], or covering grapes with UV or UV-B filters to study the effects of ambient levels [11; 22; 23].