# Shoot Phenology in _Bambusoideae_: A Review
## 2 Phenological Studies in Bamboo Species
### Phenological Studies in Subtropical/Tropical Bambos
#### 2.3.2 Dendrocalamus  
_Dendrocalamus_ genus includes approximately 46 species in tropical and subtropical Asia. In total, 38 species, 3 varieties, and 8 forms and 1 hybrid are native in South and Southwest China, especially in Yunnan Province. These species have new shoots in late summer to early autumn. Flowering can also be found in late spring and summer [50].  
_D. asper, D. brandisii_ and _D. stenoaurita_ were grown at Fujian Huaian Bamboo Seed Garden, China in 2014 and were observed for their shooting time [82]. The average annual temperature at the site was 18 \({}^{\circ}\)C. _D. asper_ shoot emergence was from late June to September. _D. brandisii_ was found to have a shooting time from the end of May to the end of October, while _D. stenoaurita_ grew new shoots from late July to early October, respectively.  
_D. farinosus_ can be found in Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, Guangxi provinces of China, at low elevations of riversides, plains, hills, shallow mountain area, near houses, especially in limestone areas. New shoots of this species can be found in September [50]. The height growth rhythm from shoot to young bamboo culm of _D. farinosus_ and its aboveground biomass were observed in Yunnan Province in 2006 [83]. The observation area had an annual maximum temperature of 38 \({}^{\circ}\)C. The shooting time was observed from the 7 th of July, and the shooting period lasted 73 days, while the height growth from shoot to young bamboo culm was complete in about 104 days. The stem diameter was accomplished in about 42 days. However, the growth rhythm was not significantly different between day and night. According to their regression analysis, they pointed out that soil moisture content was the limiting factor during the growth process.  
The shooting of _D. hamiltonii_ was studied in Menglun, Banna Tianzhu, China [84]. The shooting time of this species was from July to October, and it lasted about 100 days. The shooting process could be divided into 3 stages, an initial phase (before 27 July), an abundant phase (28 July-15 September) with a 66.7% of total shoots and 60.4% of total height growth, plus a final phase (after 16 September). The growth of shoots of _D. tairfons_ was studied at the Botanical Garden in Xiamen, Fujian Province, China in 1999 [81]. The average temperature during the studied period was 21.2 \({}^{\circ}\)C. _D. tairfons_ shoots emerged from late June to the middle of October. The shooting period of _D. tairfons_ was also studied at different geographical provenances, Zhangzhou and Yongan in Fujiang Province, China from May to November in 2002. The plants in Zhangzhou from central Fujiang were found to have a sprouting period from the last week of June to the middle of October. The plants at Yongan from North Fujiang started sprouting at the beginning of June and ended during the last week of September. In comparison with the growth of new shoots between the two different areas, the new shoots in Zhangzhou area had more adaptability, sprouting more evenly during a longer period, with a higher survival rate than those in Yongan [85].