## 1 Introduction  
Concrete has the advantages of good mechanical properties, durability and plasticity. As a typical engineering structure, annular concrete structures are widely used in urban infrastructure, tunnel linings, pipelines and protective facilities, and has remarkable performance in bearing radial stress and environmental loads. However, when it is applied to projects in cold areas with significant temperature fluctuations between day and night, as well as large seasonal temperature differences, under the combined influence of temperature changes and external stresses, the annular concrete structure is prone to degradation and cracking, leading to reduced structural stability and increased security risks [1]. Therefore, studying the effects of stress and temperature on the mechanical properties of annular concrete structures can provide basis and method support for the reliability evaluation of concrete structures in cold environment. In the analysis of mechanical properties of annular concrete structures, as early as 1965, [PERSON] [2] established an approximate solution for the stress state of the center-hole ring of cement materials under radial load, and provided analytical demonstration of the theory. On this basis, [PERSON] et al. [3] studied the determination of in-plane stress and displacement of thin rings under radial external pressure by direct integration method, analyzed the main characteristics and rules of principal stress and maximum shear stress, and obtained the analytical expression of displacement in rings. [PERSON] et al. [4] studied the effects of center hole diameter d and its position on the peak load, failure pattern and horizontal stress of disk samples through laboratory tests and finite element numerical simulation. [PERSON] et al. [5] studied the fracture process and the peak load by phase field method. The numerical validity and accuracy of the phase field method were verified by numerical examples, and the effects of the aperture ratio and crack angle on the failure process and peak load of the annular Brazilian disk specimen are studied. These studies provide theoretical basis for the analysis of annular concrete structures. Based on existing theory, to study the mechanical characteristics of annular concrete structures under radial compression, [PERSON] et al. [6] used different detection methods to study the mechanical properties of prestressed steel tube (PCCP) under external load through trilateral bearing capacity test (TEBT), and obtained that At the vault and invert of the pipe, the outer concrete core and prestressed steel wire are under pressure, and the inner concrete core and steel tube are under tension. The reverse is true at the arch line of the pipe. [PERSON] et al. [7] derived the thrust coefficient and moment coefficient of PCCP under the action of TEBT, and solved for the strain. The measured results are in good agreement with the experimental results. [PERSON] et al. [8] explored the modeling of orthotropic ring reinforced concrete floor, and presented a finite element method that can reproduce the actual in-plane stiffness of the floor in the finite element model of the building for seismic load analysis. [PERSON] et al. [9] established a three-dimensional numerical model of cracked concrete pipe and carried out practical experiments. The comparison and verification showed that the circumferential strain of the structure increased with the gradual increase of external load, and the bearing capacity of the concrete pipe decreased significantly under the influence of the length, depth and different positions of the crack. However, most experimental studies focus on the analysis of the mechanical behavior of annular concrete structures under load or under different damage conditions, and relatively few studies considering the complex thermodynamic response caused by various factors, especially the influence of temperature.