# Research on the Impact of Flexible Working Hours on Reducing Traffic Delays in the City
## 3 Results and Discussion
### Outputs of the Simulation on the Traffic Network for the Investigated Variant 2  
In Variant 2, it can be observed that if 20% of vehicles from the peak traffic period shifted their travel time to the period between 8:00 and 9:15, the peak quarter-hour and peak hours would occur at different times compared to the present, with the MPH occurring from 8:15 to 9:15 and the AP hour from 16:00 to 17:00. However, the intensities during the peak hours would still be lower than the intensities during the current peak hours (Figure 11).  
Simulation results indicate a significant increase in delay times from 8:15 to 9:15, with longer delay times compared to the present lasting until 10:00. An increase in intensity from 8:15 to 9:15 will cause traffic congestion that lasts beyond the period of increased traffic intensity. The situation will normalize to current levels only after 10:00.  
Since the simulation does not consider changes to the signal plans of intersections during this period (except for intersection K4), the higher increase in delay times is likely due to the change in the source and destination of trips in different time intervals, resulting in different proportional loads on individual traffic flows.  
Figure 10: The percentage of vehicles by their total delay time on the traffic network in the morning (**left**) and afternoon (**right**). Source: processed by authors.  
Figure 9: Entire day—the percentage of vehicles by their total delay time on the traffic network. Source: processed by authors.  
In the afternoon, the total delay times will still be shorter than in the current state. However, there is a noticeable increase in delay times starting from 16:15, the period simulated to have increased intensity due to vehicles from the AP hour (Figure 12).  
Similarly to Variant 1, if the intensity during the current MPH is reduced by 20%, the total delay times will decrease significantly, by 27.93%. However, these vehicles will cause an increase in intensity from 8:15 to 9:15 (new traffic peak), where the total delay time will increase by 43.42%. In terms of hours, during the current traffic peak, total delay times will be shorter by 14.01 h, but in the newly formed traffic peak, they will be longer by 16.91 h, meaning that the delay time for all vehicles will be longer by an additional 2.9 h. Considering that congestion will last until 10:00, the total delay time for all cars in the morning will be longer by 10.05 h.  
Conversely, in the afternoon, it is still possible to observe a reduction in total delay time by 2.84 h. However, this reduction in delay times is significantly lower compared to the increase in delay times from the morning, resulting in a longer total delay for vehicles on the traffic network, by 7.21 h. Table 4 also shows other results.  
Figure 11: Comparison of intensity change between Variant 2 (20%) and Variant 0 (current state). Source: processed by authors.  
Figure 12: Comparison of total delay time for Variant 2 (in 15-min intervals). Source: processed by authors.  
Table 5 shows that the average delay time for the entire day is shorter compared to the current state in Variant 1. In Variant 2, it is longer than in the current state. On the other hand, both the mode and the median have a decreasing trend. This situation is mainly due to extreme values, with the maximum delay time in Variant 2 reaching 84.3 s (compared to 60.58 s in the current state). In the morning, the median is shortest in Variant 1 and longest in Variant 2. In the afternoon, the median is shortest in Variant 2.  
The mode shows lower values in Variant 1 and even lower in Variant 2; however, in the morning, the mode of delay times is highest in Variant 1. From all these values, it can be concluded that dispersing the traffic peak will result in most vehicles experiencing shorter delay times, but there will also be a small number of vehicles that will experience significantly longer delays on the traffic network compared to the current state.