# RDSP: Rapidly Deployable Wireless Ad Hoc System for Post-Disaster Management
## 2 Related Work  
Improving the emergency response times in post-disaster situations, where the basic communication infrastructure is completely dismantled, is a critical and challenging task. In such a situation, rapidly deployable networks are needed to enable first responders to interact with disaster survivors, each other, and the control room. These networks operate under challenging conditions, such as power constraints and establishing a network back haul; further, the network must be easy to deploy, operate, and maintain. To mobilize the smooth transit of rescue teams for providing emergency services in disaster situations, a number of disaster management schemes or rapid deploymentsystems have been proposed in the literature that mainly focus on emergency communication in order to connect first responders to the control server. Authors in [4; 7; 8] demonstrated the importance of rapidly deployable systems in disastrous scenarios, and provided a survey of the number of schemes that offer adequate post-disaster emergency services. They further discussed the features of the existing systems in the post-disaster environment including their advantages and disadvantages. The authors in [7] also looked at the networking parameters that are essential in a disaster environment, such as routing overhead, topology management, energy efficiency, and multimedia bandwidth usage. The authors in [5] have developed an energy efficient routing protocol that limits the number of duplicate messages transmission to improve the data delivery ratio and extend the operating time of battery-powered devices. The protocol reduces duplicate messages by finding recurring contacts and generates a routing table that uses recurring contacts to transmit a message to a destination. By finding repeated contacts and creating a routing table that utilizes these repeated contacts to send a message to a destination, the proposed protocol considerably reduces the number of control and operation management messages. Owing to reduction in message transmissions, their protocol improved the overall network energy consumption, while maintaining a high delivery rate. In [9], the authors have proposed an infrastructure independent device-to-device decentralized network system. Various devices, such as GPS, camera, sensors, and transceivers communicate without centralized coordination. The system works without any base station or access point, as devices communicate with each other when the infrastructure is not available because of an accident or emergency. For the communication within a local vicinity, the devices adopt TDMA to assign a specific slot to each device for communication purpose. In [10], the authors proposed the concept of rescue base stations (RBS). The RBS is a GSM-compatible solar power drop-in communication system especially designed for disaster scenarios. The proposed system consists of a number of disconnected RBS(es) that provide GSM facilities to a number of registered individuals lying in their coverage range. Each RBS locally stores call/SMS data. Since RBS(es) are disconnected and do not share any network link, individuals with android devices act as information carriers between disconnected RBS(es) to transport the necessary information from one RBS to another. In [11], the authors proposed a system to help military officers in critical situations, such as war conditions or attacks in a gangster area. In military warfare, a robust communication system is required so that the military head can communicate with the soldiers and relay the information easily. A mobile robot is utilized to carry and deploy the nodes at the scene of incident. However, nodes have restricted ranges and can be damaged as the robot moves around snags. The proposed system has communication limitations in situations where no line of sight will be available, such as in urban area. In [12], the authors proposed a robot-assisted scheme, which assists the intermediate nodes between source and destination to relay a message over a long distance.