# Experimental Study of a Novel Prototype of Dual-Cycle Two-Phase Cooling System for a Data Cabinet
## 3 Results and Discussion
### Application Analysis  
Based on experimental data, an application analysis was conducted for various cities, assuming a total \(\Pi\) power of 1000 kW for the data center. The proportion of heat generated by two-phase liquid-cooled chips and air-cooled components remained consistent with prior experimental data, while maintaining a cabinet exhaust temperature of 24 \({}^{\circ}\)C. The DTCS was implemented in the four cities of Harbin, Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou, with a comparative assessment of its performance conducted. The PCTCS was tasked with providing year-round natural cooling for the chips. Meanwhile, the PBTCS automatically adjusted its cooling mode based on outdoor temperatures: when the outdoor temperature dropped below 18 \({}^{\circ}\)C, the system operated in natural cooling mode; between 18 \({}^{\circ}\)C and 20 \({}^{\circ}\)C, it employed a hybrid cooling mode; and when the outdoor temperature surpassed 20 \({}^{\circ}\)C, it switched to chiller cooling mode. Table 6 presents the annual temperature distribution for the different cities, as well as the operating hours and proportions under each cooling mode. As shown in the table, as the latitude increases, the annual average temperature decreases, the proportion of low-temperature periods increases, and the maximum temperature also shows a decreasing trend. Specifically, in Harbin, due to the extended winter and low temperatures, natural cooling mode accounts for 62% of the time, indicating that the system can primarily utilize natural cooling to dissipate heat, resulting in significant energy savings. In contrast, in Guangzhou, where the temperatures are relatively high, chiller cooling mode accounts for 82%, indicating a higher reliance on refrigeration equipment to maintain the data center's operating temperature. To better evaluate the energy-saving benefits of the DTCS, a comparison was conducted with the currently advanced integrated system utilizing liquid pump and maglev compressor, drawing upon data provided by [PERSON] et al. (2022). Figure 15 illustrates the annual energy consumption distribution of cooling system in different cities. Notably, DTCS consumes significantly less energy than [PERSON]'s integrated system in all four cities. This difference is especially pronounced at lower temperatures, as DTCS primarily operates in natural cooling mode, thereby enhancing energy savings. During higher temperatures, the energy consumption gap between the two systems narrows; however, integrated system energy usage consistently remains higher than that of DTCS. Harbin and Beijing, with their lower seasonal temperatures, exhibit minimal power fluctuations in winter, spring, and autumn. In contrast, Guangzhou, with its warmer climate, experiences high cooling energy  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**City**} & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**Basis of Division**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Latitude**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Longitude**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Climate Zone**} \\  & **Mean Monthly** & **Daily Mean** & & & \\  & **Temperature** & & & \\ \hline Harbin & \(\mathrm{T_{min,m}\leq-10}\)\({}^{\circ}\)C \({}^{1}\) & \(145\leq\mathrm{d_{\leq S^{\circ}}C}\)\({}^{2}\) & 45.75 N & 126.77 E & Severe cold \\ Beijing & \(-10\)\({}^{\circ}\)C \(<\mathrm{T_{min,m}\leq 0}\)\({}^{\circ}\)C \({}^{9}\) & \(90\leq\mathrm{d_{\leq S^{\circ}}C}\leq 145\) & 39.80 N & 116.47 E & Cold \\ Shanghai & \(0\)\({}^{\circ}\)C \(<\mathrm{T_{min,m}\leq 10}\)\({}^{\circ}\)C & \(0\leq\mathrm{d_{\leq S^{\circ}}C}\leq 90\) & & \\  & \(25\)\({}^{\circ}\)C \(<\mathrm{T_{max,m}\leq 30}\)\({}^{\circ}\)C \({}^{1}\) & \(40\leq\mathrm{d_{\geq 25^{\circ}}C}<110\)\({}^{2}\) & 31.40 N consumption year round, resulting in greater power fluctuation and more frequent cooling system adjustments. Figure 16 presents the annual average energy consumption and pPUE values of cooling systems across various cities. Both the DTCS and the integrated system proposed by [PERSON] et al.