# Digital Competence and Gender: Teachers in Training. A Case Study
## 3 Results
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Item** & & **Mean** & \begin{tabular}{c} **Standard** \\ **Deviation** \\ \end{tabular} & \
\begin{tabular}{c} **Difference** \\ **between Means** \\ **(Absolute Value)** \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} **Difference** \\ **between Std. Dev.** \\ **(Absolute Value)** \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{(66) I download software illegally.} & Women & 4.24 & 3.333 & \multirow{4}{*}{1.93} & \multirow{4}{*}{0.04} \\  & Men & 6.17 & 3.378 & & \\  & Total & 4.82 & 3.457 & & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{(68) Indicate (0–10) how familiar you are with these tools (social media sites).} & Women & 8.38 & 2.011 & \multirow{4}{*}{0.53} & \multirow{4}{*}{0.05} \\  & Men & 7.85 & 2.062 & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & Total & 8.22 & 2.038 & & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{(70) Indicate how familiar you are with cloud storage (e.g., Dropbox, Megaupload).} & Women & 4.42 & 2.842 & \multirow{4}{*}{1.02} & \multirow{4}{*}{0.19} \\  & Men & 5.44 & 2.654 & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & Total & 4.73 & 2.822 & & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{(77) Do you use an image editor (e.g., Photoshop)?} & Women & 4.14 & 2.280 & \multirow{4}{*}{0.66} & \multirow{4}{*}{0.03} \\  & Men & 3.485 & 2.246 & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & Total & 3.939 & 2.286 & & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{(78) Do you use a sound reorder/editor (e.g., Audacity)?} & Women & 2.25 & 2.029 & \multirow{4}{*}{0.71} & \multirow{4}{*}{0.28} \\  & Men & 2.96 & 2.308 & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & Total & 2.46 & 2.138 & & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{(82) Collaborative tools (e.g., Google Drive).} & Women & 2.67 & 2.238 & \multirow{4}{*}{0.74} & \multirow{4}{*}{0.29} \\  & Men & 3.41 & 2.527 & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & Total & 2.89 & 2.350 & & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{(88) Do you participate in virtual worlds (e.g., Second Life, World of Warcraft)?} & Women & 1.40 & 1.907 & \multirow{4}{*}{1.20} & \multirow{4}{*}{0.76} \\  & Men & 2.60 & 2.668 & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & Total & 1.76 & 2.230 & & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{(98) Do you participate in discussion forums (RSS feed)?} & Women & 2.15 & 2.256 & \multirow{4}{*}{1.10} & \multirow{4}{*}{0.41} \\ \cline{1-1}  & Men & 3.25 & 2.666 & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & Total & 2.48 & 2.436 & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: _Cont._In general, men scored higher than women except for items 12, 26, 59, 68 and 77 (advanced use of word processors, image editing, compliance with intellectual property rights for music, familiarity with social media sites, frequency of use of image editors), where women scored higher. Of note, among the items for which men scored higher were streaming (item 63), downloading video games (item 65), downloading software (item 66) and downloading graphic novels (item 62); they also made copies for their friends (item 61). Meanwhile, women obtained higher mean values for compliance with intellectual property rights for music (item 59), competence in graphic design (item 26), frequent use of image editors (item 77), competence in presentation and formatting using word processors (item 12) and familiarity with social media sites (item 68). An analysis of item scores by dimension and subdimension indicated that men obtained much higher scores than women for seven of the 25 items in the information dimension, whereas women did not obtain higher scores than men for any of the items in this dimension. For the second dimension, communication, men again obtained higher scores for six of the 18 items, while women obtained a higher score for familiarity with social media sites. Within the dimension content creation, men scored higher than women for ten of the 32 items, six of which were related to licences and rights, whereas women only scored higher in three items, one related to music and the other two to creating and editing content. Of particular note is the finding that men downloaded various file formats regardless of intellectual property rights, whereas women tended to comply more with such rights in the case of music.