## 4 Results
### Benefits and Opportunities of Integrating ARinE  
Regarding the open question \"What benefits and opportunities do you think that AR can offer to education?\", participants believed that ARinE offers a variety of benefits and opportunities for students and teaching. More specifically, they mentioned that AR can increase students' interest, engagement and commitment, motivation and enthusiasm, fun and enjoyment, thinking skills, creativity, and inclusiveness (Table 10). Using 3D visualization, AR can facilitate students' understanding, exploration and explanation (e.g., complex concepts), interaction, and presentation of their ideas. Finally, AR can enable students' experiences that previously were impossible to live (e.g., from the past, from the future, dangerous experiences, expensive experiences, microcosmos, outer space).  
Many previous studies confirm that AR fosters students' interest and motivation [3; 5; 11; 12; 24; 41; 49]. Additionally, several previous studies found that AR increases students' interest [8; 12], engagement [3; 12; 24; 50], fun and enjoyment [3; 8; 11; 12; 25; 43], problem solving and critical thinking [12; 13; 36], and creativity [5; 24; 41; 49; 5; 23].  
Furthermore, the augmentation of real environments with virtual objects enables students to experience phenomena that would not be possible in the real world [6; 38]. In this way, the AR visualization of complex relationships and abstract concepts facilitates the students' comprehension [3; 5; 6; 9; 11; 30]. Finally, AR enables interaction opportunities [3; 34].  
Regarding teaching, participants believed that AR can facilitate interactive learning, experiential learning, authentic learning, situated learning, anyplace anytime learning, problem solving learning, collaborative learning, innovative and alternative teaching methods (e.g., context-informed learning, immersive learning, sense-based learning, affective learning, movement-based learning, visual-spatial learning) (Table 11). They also mentioned that AR can facilitate teaching topics that previously were not possible to be taught as well as visualization of complex concepts, abstract processes, mathematics, problems, space, real world objects, etc.) and reduction in teaching costs (e.g., expensive laboratory equipment).  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt}} \hline \hline
**Security and Ethical Issues** & **Frequency** & **Example** \\ \hline Security & 6 & _More control of what the students can view in case of HMD_ (_Head Mount Displays_). _Password securing the participant entrance to the AR application._ \\ \hline Ethics & 5 & _Ethical aspects are of greatest importance of course, specifically in the presence of synthetic human-like embodiments._ \\ \hline Privacy & 3 & _Reading privacy policies is hard. A lot of them are not designed for educational use; therefore, issues such as privacy and adherence to the standards is difficult._ \\ \hline Physical safety & 2 & _Safety issues are mostly around distraction when moving in a physical space._ \\ \hline Accessibility & 1 & _Accessibility is another important issue._ \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 9: Security and ethical issues in integrating ARinE.  
Previous studies also agree that AR supports and fits well with interactive learning [3; 24], authentic and experiential learning [3; 6; 14; 26; 50], situated learning [3; 15; 32; 33; 40], problem-based learning [13; 14; 28; 32; 36], and collaborative learning [3; 6; 14; 15; 24; 28; 30; 33]. AR also enables visualization [3; 5; 6; 9; 37]