Biodegradation and Detoxification of Some Dyes by Crude Lignin Peroxidase Complex Produced by _Escherichia coli_ Accession No: LR0250096.1 and _Pseudomonas aeruginosa_ Accession No: CP031449.2  
[PERSON]  
1 Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zulululand, Richards Bay 3886, South Africa; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (S.L.D.); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (A.O.I.); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (A.R.O.)  
[PERSON]  
1 Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zulululand, Richards Bay 3886, South Africa; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (S.L.D.); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (A.O.I.); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (A.R.O.)  
[PERSON]  
1 Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zulululand, Richards Bay 3886, South Africa; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (S.L.D.); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (A.O.I.); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (A.R.O.)  
[PERSON]  
2 Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag x20, Hatfield 0028, South Africa; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] 2 [EMAIL_ADDRESS]; Tel: +27-791565341  
their limitations have created the search for an alternative method that provide a more specific and effective way of dye decolorization and detoxification [3].  
Biodegradation by ligninolytic enzymes has been considered a better approach to reduce dye pollution during bioremediation [7; 8]. Ligninolytic enzymes, including lignin peroxidase, manganese peroxidase, and versatile peroxidase, are topical due to their high redox capability and industrial application [9]. The application of ligninolytic enzymes span through industrial sectors, including bioremediation, biorefinery, energy, dermatology, pharmaceutical, cosmetology, and textile industries [10; 11]. Versatile peroxidase and manganese peroxidase enzymes have been studied extensively. However, research on lignin peroxidase is lagging, despite its litany of potentials. Lignin peroxididases are versatile to degrade non-phenolic and phenolic and xenobiotics compounds like dyes [9]. These characteristics have motivated the use of lignin peroxidase in various textiles and the pharmaceutical industry [10; 11; 12; 13; 14]. Nonetheless, white rot fungi have extensively been studied in degradation of lignin compounds such as dyes [9]. However, during the course of industrial applications, fungi are not viable due to the structural hindrance caused by fungal filaments and the requirement of specific culture conditions such as aeration, humidity, pH, and temperature, which are incompatible with industrial processing environments. The requirements of a long lag period slow down lignin degradation [15]. The continuous demand for the ligninolytic enzyme in an indication of their values in various industrial sectors [12]. Hence, the exploration of this enzyme from another microorganism is inevitable.  
Bacteria are classified as \"workhorse industrial microorganisms\" based on their production capability, safety, and exponential growth rate [16]. Moreover, various bacteria have been reported in extracellular enzyme formation [17; 18; 19]. Previously, some bacteria strains have been reported in the production of pectinolytic and cellulolytic enzymes [20; 21; 22].  
Ligninolytic bacteria are sources of extracellular lignin-modifying enzymes (LMEs) like lignin peroxidase [23]. In nature, these enzymes are versatile, and they are associated with the degradation of recalcitrant or complex polymers [24; 25]. Dye decolorization by various bacterial extracts and preparations, for example, _Bacillus megaterium_, _Raoultella ornithinolytica_ OKOH-1, and _Ensifer adhaerens_ NWODO-2. have been reported in literature [5; 26]. In this study, the dye degradation and detoxification properties of optimized crude lignin peroxidase produced by _Escherichia coli_ accession no: LR0250096.1 and _Pseudomonas aeruginosa_ accession no: CP031449.2 bacterial strains are investigated.