# Evolution towards Smart and Software-Defined Internet of Things
## 6 State-of-the-Art IoT Simulators
### Mininet-WiFi  
Mininet-WiFi is another tool that simulates network environments for OpenFlow and software-defined scenarios with high-fidelity. Mininet-WiFi is an extension of Mininet to support WiFi by adding virtualized WiFi stations and access points based on the most common Linux wireless device driver [97].  
_Comparative Analysis:_ Based on the extensive literature review, IoT key parameters have been graded in terms of compliance and whether a parameter is supported. We used numerous parameters in Tables 1 and 2, but the parameters (interoperability, security and privacy, scalability, flow-based QoS, energy-efficient scheduling, mobility, and reliability) are the most important challenges that IoT is facing in the widespread deployment and realization of the true potential to humanity.  
Table 2 consolidates the approaches of traditional IoT architectures against the key parameters for comparison. The earliest types of IoT were having relatively simple protocols with the goal of enabling interconnection between devices. Traditional IoT technology was incapable of addressing the key parameters of IoT, and there was no emphasis on  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Approach** & **Technology** & **IOP** & **SP** & **Scal** & **QoS** & **EES** & **Vir.** & **Het.** & **DRU** & **SI** & **NS** & **MT** & **ACD** & **AI** \\ \hline MINA & SDN & PC & PC & PC & PC & NA & N & FC & PC & NA & N & N & N & N \\ \hline SDIoT & SDN & PC & PC & PC & NA & NA & Y & FC & PC & NA & N & N & N & N \\ \hline UbiFlow & SDN & PC & PC & FC & PC & PC & N & FC & FC & Y & N & N & N & N \\ \hline Horizontal IoT & SDN & FC & PC & FC & NA & N & N & FC & NA & N & N & N & N \\ \hline IIoT SDN & SDN & PC & PC & FC & NA & NA & N & PC & PC & NA & N & N & N & N \\ \hline SDN IoT with FOG & SDN/FOG & PC & PC & FC & N & N & FC & FC & NA & N & N & N & N \\ \hline DiskBlockNet & SDN/Blockchain & PC & FC & FC & NA & N & N & PC & NA & NA & N & N & N & N \\ \hline SDN IoT with NFV & SDN/NFV & PC & PC & FC & FC & Y & FC & FC & Y & NA & NA & N & N \\ \hline Softair & SDN/NFV & PC & PC & FC & FC & FC & Y & FC & FC & Y & Y & N & N \\ \hline Full SDMN with NFV & SDN/NFV & PC & FC & FC & FC & Y & FC & FC & NA & Y & Y & N & N \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}  
* FC: Full Compliance; PC: Partial Compliance; N: No/Not Compliant; Y: Yes; NA: Not Applicable; IOP: Interoperability; SP: Security and Privacy; Scal: Scalability; QoS: Quality of Service; EES: Energy Efficient Scheduling; Vir: Virtualization; Het: Heterogeneity; R: Reliability; M: Mobility; St: Standardization; MT: Multi Tenancy; DRU: DRU; SI: Subnet Isolation; NS: Network Slicing; ACD: Autonomous Computing Device; and AI: AI.  
\end{table}
Table 2: SDN/NFV Based IoT Approaches.  
optimising architectures at the time. As a result, these issues were identified as aspects of IoT challenges and future development [49; 70].  
Therefore, it can be observed that the approaches discussed play their part to ensure interoperability and heterogeneity only as their salient features and fail to cover the rest of the advanced domains. Some solutions propose gateways [8] and others present service-oriented architectures (SOA) [53] in addition to robotics-based structures [53] to extend their coverage towards security and privacy of data.  
A few mentioned techniques providing ease of scalability are nanotechnology, SOA, wireless gateways, PaaS IoT, and Global Sensor Networks [53; 75; 78; 80]. UBIWARE [53] and architectures for Smart Waste Management offer some degrees of Mobility, and Fostrak and SOA provide certain degrees of Standardization [53]. Only PaaS IoT offers multi-tenancy [80].