## 3 Mechanism of Molecular Deposition Film Technology
### Mechanism of Molecular Deposition Film Technology
This prompts further investigation into how molecular deposition film agents not only contribute to spontaneous imbibition but also enhance overall pore utilization efficiency. A comprehensive understanding of these mechanisms would enable researchers and engineers to optimize formulations and application techniques for such agents across diverse geological settings. Ultimately, improving both yield from spontaneous imbibition and pore utilization could facilitate more sustainable practices in hydrocarbon extraction while minimizing environmental impacts associated with conventional methods. By augmenting capillary numbers and modifying wettability characteristics within reservoir rocks, molecular deposition film agents serve as critical components that enhance fluid interactions during oil recovery operations--ultimately aiming for higher yields and greater efficiencies across various applications. Changing the viscoelastic rheological properties of reservoir fluids  
Compared to traditional chemical flooding and ordinary water flooding, molecular deposition film technology offers the following advantages:  
* It forms a single-layer nanometer-level molecular film on the rock surface with excellent thermal stability and long-term stability;
* The formation of nanometer-level molecular ultra-thin film during filming process does not require any external force but is completed through mutual electrostatic action between the rock surface and the film-forming molecules;
* The molecular deposition film water solution not only has low concentration and high efficiency but also allows relatively simple on-site operation without causing damage to the reservoir by adding other chemical agents;
* Molecular deposition film technology can be used after water flooding as well as for polymer flooding and composite flooding;
* It can be injected once, twice, or multiple times according to needs, resulting in obvious gradient injection effects;
* It requires low investment and involves a simple process that does not require large amounts of manpower or machinery. Electrical transformation  
The surface of oil-bearing rock typically possesses an electric charge, which plays a critical role in the interactions between fluids and solid surfaces within reservoir environments. When the pH value of the formation water falls within a specific range (6.5-7.5), it has been observed that the rock surface acquires a negative charge due to ionization processes occurring at mineral interfaces. This negative charge can significantly influence various physical and chemical phenomena, including fluid flow behavior and adsorption characteristics. The adsorption of molecular deposit film flooding agents adds complexity to these interactions by modifying the electrical properties of both hydrophilic and hydrophobic rock surfaces. The effective components of these agents contain cationic groups that interact with negatively charged sites on the rock surface, resulting in changes in wettability and interfacial tension. Such modifications are essential for optimizing oil recovery processes as they enhance fluid mobility through porous media. When the concentration of the molecular deposit film flooding agent solution reaches 1200 mg/L, a significant transformation occurs: the previously negative surface charge transitions to a positive one, indicating zero zeta potential concentration. At this critical concentration level, any attraction or repulsion phenomena between interfaces effectively dissipate; this neutralization is vital because it minimizes resistance during fluid displacement operations. Consequently, under conditions where electrostatic forces are balanced, an enhanced recovery rate is observed during oil flooding processes. The absence of strong electrostatic interactions facilitates smoother flow dynamics and improves contact between displacing fluids and trapped hydrocarbons within pore spaces.