## 3 Simulation Analysis of Cutting Temperature for Micro-Textured Tools with Different Morphologies
Because of the small cutting parameters, the cutting area of the micro-texture placed on the rake face was roughly the same, the temperature change was not obvious, and the rising rate of the temperature was roughly distributed as T0 > T4 > T5 > T1 > T2 > T3. In step 40, it could be seen that the temperature did not increase or decrease linearly but oscillated around a stable value. The overall local temperatures of the micro-textured tool were lower than those of the non-textured tool. The reason for the decrease in the temperature could be analyzed from the chip shape and the friction reduction mechanism of the micro-texture. On the one hand, the reduction in temperature was due to the increase in the unit chip curl rate, which was caused by the micro-textured tool. Compared with the non-textured tool, the chip was separated from the rake face of the tool earlier, which reduced the contact area of the friction pair. On the other hand, in the close contact area of the chips, the micro-texture made the chips form vacuum contact in their existing area, which was also an important factor in reducing the cutting temperature of the micro-textured tool. Being involved in the complexity of material failure and friction conditions in the actual cutting process, the simulation results were acceptable. According to the cutting principle, the formation of the cutting heat was positively correlated with the contact length between the tool and chips, and the micro-grooves of tool T3 played two important roles in the formation of the chip. Firstly, continuous chips were divided into short segments, and the close contact only occurred at the peak of the micro-groove. Secondly, the micro-groove acted on the initial position of the chips flowing across the surface, making the micro-groove reduce the cutting heat caused by chip flow. Due to the small cutting parameters, the chips would immediately curl after flowing through the first deformation area of the micro-groove. When placed in parallel, the width of the micro-groove was small, and thus the contact area was smaller, which may be the reason why the micro-grooves parallel to the tool nose have better cooling performance. Figure 5: Temperature under different simulation analysis steps. Simulation Analysis of Cutting Temperature for Micro-Groove-Parallel Texture with Different Parameters  
From the results of the simulation of different micro-texture morphologies above, the cooling effect of tool T3 was the most obvious. To further study the performance of tool T3 with different size parameters and select the micro-texture size parameters with the lowest cutting temperature, an orthogonal simulation scheme for the size parameters of tool T3 was designed and analyzed through simulation. The groove parameters of tool T3 were as follows: edge distance \(A\), spacing \(B\), width C1, and length C2 (meaning of parameters shown in Figure 1). During the simulation, the cutting parameters were set as follows: cutting speed \(v\) was 50 m/min, cutting depth \(a_{p}\) was 0.2 mm, and feed rate \(f\) was 0.2 mm/r. The simulation scheme of the relevant size parameters and tool nose temperature are shown in Table 5.  
From Table 5, tool NO.4 has the lowest temperature and, therefore, the best cooling effect. Its size parameters are as follows: \(A\) is 140 \(\upmu\)m, \(B\) is 120 \(\upmu\)m, \(C1\) is 50 \(\upmu\)m, and \(C2\) is 300 \(\upmu\)m.