## 1 Introduction
The microclimate and transpiration of tomato plants have been investigated [22] in a sunken solar greenhouse located in North China. The findings revealed that the sunken design of the greenhouse improved the microclimate by lowering temperature fluctuations and increasing relative humidity. The greenhouse maintained temperatures over 20 \({}^{\circ}\)C higher than those outside, leading to robust tomato growth and satisfactory yields. [PERSON] et al. [23] studied microclimate parameters in naturally ventilated solar greenhouses under various scenarios: mature plants, young plants, and no plants in northwest China. The findings demonstrated that ventilation rate, external temperature, and humidity affected internal conditions, with up to 5.1 \({}^{\circ}\)C and 8.16 \({}^{\circ}\)C vertical temperature differences in mature and young plant greenhouses, respectively. [PERSON] et al. [24] compared the indoor environmental factors in a double-film solar greenhouse and in a traditional Chinese greenhouse that were both in a cold region. The results showed that the solar greenhouse had a higher air temperature, soil temperature, and humidity, while the traditional greenhouse had lower air temperature and humidity. The study indicated that using a double-film solar greenhouse in cold regions can improve tomato growth and yield due to lower wind speed and higher photosynthetic photon flux density. [PERSON] et al. (2015) presented a time-dependent model to predict the thermal environment of CSGs in Canada. The average inaccuracy in forecasting the temperature of the north wall and the ground surface was 4.2 \({}^{\circ}\)C and 2.3 \({}^{\circ}\)C, respectively. The study also found that the thermal performance of greenhouses was influenced by factors like insulation properties, ventilation, and heating systems. [PERSON] et al. (2016) analyzed the spatial, vertical, and temporal variability of ambient environments in strawberry and tomato greenhouses during winter. Significant variations in temperature, relative humidity, and CO\({}_{2}\) concentration within and between the two types of greenhouses were found. The temperature variability was higher in tomato greenhouses, while relative humidity was more variable in strawberry greenhouses. Furthermore, the variability of CO\({}_{2}\) concentration was influenced by the greenhouse ventilation and heating systems. [PERSON] et al. (2017) monitored the microclimate of solar greenhouses at different times of day and found that the temperature and humidity indicated the thermal efficiency of the solar greenhouses. [PERSON] et al. (2018) conducted a sensitivity analysis of a heating simulation model within a CSG in Canada during the coldest winter months (December to February) and found that small changes in the inside temperature and humidity had a substantial effect on the heating demand; furthermore, approximately 13-20% supplemental heat was required to extend the crop planting period during the winter days. [PERSON] et al. (2019) used several heating techniques to study the temperature and humidity distribution in greenhouses. Heating pipes increased the uniformity of climatic parameters inside the greenhouse. Furthermore, differences in temperature and humidity between crops and the air increased the activity of plants and the transpiration of crops. [PERSON] et al. (2019) characterized CO\({}_{2}\) concentration in a solar greenhouse through three experiments and investigated the impact of CO\({}_{2}\) concentration changes on plant yield. CO\({}_{2}\) concentration dropped notably in the afternoon compared to mornings, with ventilation significantly affecting these levels. In addition, certain studies focused on sensor fusion inside the greenhouse for environmental monitoring and control. Using a wireless sensor network, [PERSON] et al. (2019) suggested a polynomial algorithm for monitoring the microclimate of greenhouses automatically and a linear equations model for optimizing plant productivity.