# Characterization and Modelling of Potential Seaborne Disasters, in the ANA Region
## 6 Implications for Practice and Suggestions for Research  
We believe that this exercise is valuable for SAR, MER, as well as other practitioners in the ANA region and that it has the potential to assist in building a more robust system to avoid and mitigate the consequences of future incidents by explaining how relevant tools and techniques can be used and applied outside academia.  
Both Bowtie modelling and RBD risk assessments can be applied for better understanding of the strengths and limitations of the emergency preparedness efforts. These techniques are both valuable tools in emergency preparedness exercises. By integrating the strengths of RBD into emergency preparedness exercises, organizations can achieve a more comprehensive understanding of their systems' vulnerabilities and improve their overall resilience to emergencies. RBD identifies critical points where failures are most likely to occur, and bowtie modelling is excellent for visualizing the pathways from potential hazards to their consequences, highlighting preventive and mitigative barriers. The discussed categorizations and modelling are hence good starting points for planning the exercises. Bowtie modelling may illustrate the impact of preventing and mitigating similar disasters in the future.  
Therefore, a potential area for future research is to incorporate such modelling in table top (TTX) and live simulation exercises (LiveX), in order to discuss and test safety barriers in terms of need for new ones, as well as the performance of existing ones.  
**Author Contributions:** Conceptualization, A.L., D.J. and N.A.; methodology, A.L., M.D.C. and R.E.; validation, A.L, D.J. and N.A.; formal analysis, A.L., D.J., M.D.C. and N.A.; investigation, A.L., D.J., R.E. and N.A.; resources, A.L., D.J., M.D.C. and N.A.; data curation, A.L., D.J., R.E. and N.A.; writing--original draft preparation, A.L., D.J. and N.A.; writing--review and editing, A.L., D.J., M.D.C., R.E. and N.A.; visualization, A.L.; supervision, A.L., D.J., M.D.C., R.E. and N.A.; project administration, M.D.C.; funding acquisition, A.L., D.J., M.D.C., R.E. and N.A. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
**Funding:** This research is funded by the EU Horizon 2020 Project Arctic and North Atlantic Security and Emergency Preparedness Network (ARCSAR), grant agreement No 786571. [[https://arcsar.eu/](https://arcsar.eu/)]([https://arcsar.eu/](https://arcsar.eu/)) (accessed on 18 November 2024). This work was also partially supported by the project \"Societal and Economic Resilience within Multi-Hazards Environment in Romania\" funded by European Union--Next Generation EU and Romanian Government, under national recovery and resilience plan for Romania, contract no.760050/23.05.2023, code pmrrr-c9-18-cf 267/29.11.2022, through the Romanian Ministry of Research, innovation and digitalization, within component 9, investment i8.  
**Institutional Review Board Statement:** Not applicable.  
**Informed Consent Statement:** Not applicable.  
**Data Availability Statement:** No new data set was created.  
**Acknowledgments:** We are grateful to the three anonymous Reviewers for their valuable feedback comments.  
**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest.