# Rules of Heliogeomagnetics Diversely Coordinating Biological Rhythms and Promoting Human Health
## 3 Results
### Biphasic (Hormetic) Response of SBP to Geomagnetic Stimuli  
Two participants contributed 7-day/24 h ABPM records during the same span, which included days of moderate (column B in Figure 3), as well as extreme (column C in Figure 3), geomagnetic disturbances in addition to quiet days (column A in Figure 3). A biphasic response of SBP was observed, its circadian amplitude being increased during moderate geomagnetic activity but decreased during extreme geomagnetic activity, Table 3.  
Such a hormetic reaction was found for SBP. Its circadian amplitude increased from 13.9 mmHg on quiet days to 21.4 mmHg (154.2%) on days of moderate geomagnetic activity but decreased to 10.6 mmHg (76.6%) on days of extreme geomagnetic activity (\(p\) = 0.0044). Geomagnetic activity was about 3 times higher on moderately disturbed days but about 12 times higher on extremely disturbed days compared to quiet days (Table 3). \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Variable (Circadian Parameter)**} & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**Two 48-h Spans of BP and HR**} \\ \cline{2-7}  & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Quiet Days (n = 5)**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Disturbed Days (n = 5)**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Paired \(t\)-Test**} \\ \cline{3-7}  & & **Mean** & **SD** & **Mean** & **SD** & \(p\)**-Value** \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{SBP (mmHg)} & \(\tau\) & 23.4 & 1.5 & 24.122 & 2.0 & 0.584 \\ \cline{2-7}  & M & 122.1 & 12.2 & 121.7 & 13.1 & 0.929 \\ \cline{2-7}  & A & 11.1 & 3.3 & 18.8 (168.5\%) & 3.3 & 0.002 \\ \cline{2-7}  & \(\phi\) & 15:10 & 1:16 & 15:37 & 1:53 & 0.497 \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{DBP (mmHg)} & \(\tau\) & 24.4 & 0.9 & 24.8 & 3.8 & 0.812 \\ \cline{2-7}  & M & 77.3 & 6.5 & 75.9 & 7.4 & 0.641 \\ \cline{2-7}  & A & 8.6 & 2.9 & 9.8 & 3.9 & 0.570 \\ \cline{2-7}  & \(\phi\) & 15:13 & 1:10 & 15:48 & 1:14 & 0.420 \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{HR (bpm)} & \(\tau\) & 23.0 & 1.8 & 26.8 (116.8\%) & 4.8 & 0.089 \\ \cline{2-7}  & M & 74.0 & 10.3 & 73.5 & 8.7 & 0.873 \\ \cline{2-7}  & A & 7.6 & 5.5 & 9.4 (123.8\%) & 4.5 & 0.022 \\ \cline{2-7}  & \(\phi\) & 14:10 & 1:35 & 13:37 & 5:24 & 0.784 \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{D (\({}^{\circ}\))} & M & 3.576 & 0.254 & 3.598 & 0.28 & 0.324 \\ \cline{2-7}  & A & 0.095 & 0.029 & 0.23 (243.5\%) & 0.08 & 0.008 \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{H (nT)} & M & 11,026.1 & 26.04 & 11,006.3 (99.8\%) & 39.22 & 0.070 \\ \cline{2-7}  & A & 40.28 & 58.56 & 93.0 (230.9\%) & 50.08 & 0.054 \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Z (nT)} & M & 51,956.0 & 55.89 & 51,952.9 & 46.23 & 0.645 \\ \cline{2-7}  & A & 8.19 & 5.44 & 25.35 (309.6\%) & 12.98 & 0.012 \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Inc (\({}^{\circ}\))} & M & 78.02 & 0.03 & 78.04 & 0.05 & 0.121 \\ \cline{2-7}  & A & 0.041 & 0.06 & 0.10 (247.3\%) & 0.05 & 0.060 \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{F (nT)} & M & 53,113.1 & 51.27 & 53,106.1 & 39.28 & 0.322 \\ \cline{2-7}  & A & 15.32 & 10.58 & 24.13 (157.5\%) & 9.98 & 0.025 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}  
* Based on 48 h spans from ABPM records covering at least 5 days; geomagnetic indices from Tromso. SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; HR: heart rate. Geomagnetic indices: D: declination; H: horizontal component; Z: vertical component; Inc: inclination; F: yotal field intensity. Circadian parameters: r: period; M: MESOR; A: 24 h amplitude; \(\phi\): 24 h acrophase. \(p\)-values not corrected for multiple testing.  
\end{table} 
Table 2: Circadian characteristics of blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) on days of moderate geomagnetic disturbances versus quiet days *. Figure 3: Illustration of SBP, geomagnetic declination, D (\({}^{\circ}\)), and total intensity, F (nT), in one study participant. (**A**): 48 h span during quiet conditions; (**B**): 48 h span during moderate geomagnetically disturbed conditions; (**C**): 48 h span during extreme geomagnetically disturbed conditions. The circadian amplitude of SBP is apparently increased during moderate geomagnetic disturbances (**B**) compared to geomagnetic quiet conditions (**A**), but it may be suppressed during extreme geomagnetic disturbances (**C**).