# Barriers to Enduring Pro-Environmental Habits among Urban Residents
## 2 Literature Review  
Pro-environmental attitude is a strong predictor of pro-environmental behavior, which is supported by the theory of planned behavior [15; 20]. Given the relevance of this topic, we conducted a comprehensive literature review of the determinants of pro-environmental behavior. We discovered that despite the diversity of causes, the most prevalent and relevant elements that influence pro-environmental behavior are: (1) socioeconomic and demographic characteristics, (2) environmental concerns, (3) economic concerns, and (4) health concerns [21; 22]. We find limited empirical investigations on this issue that provide a fertile ground for additional analysis; moreover, previous research mostly has focused on specific forms of green behavior. The environmental concern (E.C.) begins from individuals' biological traits and feelings, information, mentalities, morals, and practices [23]. Environmental concerns can also be attributed to one's schooling level, age, information, morals, individual standards, and mindfulness about environmental responsibility. A meta-investigation by [PERSON] et al. [24] revealed that E.C. is one of the chief indicators supporting ecological responsibility. [PERSON] et al. [25] tracked a positive connection between environmental awareness, well-being cognizance, and utilization of environmental resources responsibility. Moreover, [PERSON] [26] announced a positive association between self-evaluated natural responsible and appropriate spending conduct. Environmentalists have frequently warned against the overutilization of natural resources on the planet. E.C. encourages the use of recycled furniture, and garments, and fixing, instead of supplanting, environmental issues [27; 28]. These findings predicted that consumers' apprehensions about the environment would probably decrease the utilization of new items. An undeniable degree of worry about the climate seems to change the everyday extravagant activities of managers [29]. [PERSON] [30] found that E.C. was among the central points to expanding the awareness and motivation for reusing and recycling. Moreover, worry about wasteful spending gave a more particular route to generate a positive connection between E.C. and reusing and recycling conducted [PERSON] and [PERSON] [31]. Likewise, [PERSON] and [PERSON] [32] found that E.C. increases customer productivity and endorsed ecological practices, such as buying natural items and avoiding items harming others and the climate. Although existing literature has established a clear relationship between emotions about environmental behavior and willingness to engage in pro-environmental behaviors, it has not focused on the role of ecological concerns in engaging in pro-environmental behavior. Therefore, the current study has formulated the following hypothesis to examine empirically. **Hypothesis 1 (H1). **_There is no significant effect of environmental concerns on pro-environmental habits._  
Economic concerns are another important determinant of pro-environmental behavior. Economic concerns include the monetary security, price, and value consciousness; thrifitness; and mindfulness of the consumers. The dominance of these concerns in buyers' decisions play a role in green purchasing [33]. According to [PERSON] et al. [34], consumers are more motivated by discrete financial worries. Following ecological concerns, the expense of energy is the second most impressive factor for energy saving [35; 36]. Likewise, in this survey, [PERSON] et al., concluded that economic concern promotes ecological practices through cautious and careful spending. [PERSON] et al. [27] demonstrated that low-pay families have solid impetuses to save spending on rising energy costs. Additionally, the energy utilization of shoppers is considerably associated with the price of petroleum gas, fuel oil, and electricity. [PERSON] et al. [37] concluded that monetary motivation is critical in restricting energy saving. They estimated a positive connection between financial concern and energy-saving conduct.