# Large Language Models in Computer Science Classrooms: Ethical Challenges and Strategic Solutions
## 1 Introduction  
Large language models (LLMs) are built on advanced deep learning architectures and utilize billions of parameters and self-attention mechanisms to analyze and generate human-like text by capturing complex linguistic patterns, contextual nuances, and semantic relationships. Trained on extensive datasets from diverse domains, LLMs have demonstrated exceptional proficiency in natural language understanding and task execution, ranging from text completion and summarization to code generation and conversational interactions. With the groundbreaking launch of OpenAI's ChatGPT [1] and the subsequent emergence of alternatives such as Claude, Gemini, and Copilot, LLMs have rapidly evolved into foundational tools in the context of modern artificial intelligence, transforming industries such as education, software development, healthcare, and creative content production. Their ability to understand and generate human-like text has revolutionized workflows, enhancing productivity, decision-making, and the automation of complex tasks. In the programming domain, LLMs are particularly impactful due to their training on diverse programming-related texts. These models can generate and comprehend code across multiple languages, making them indispensable tools for developers. [PERSON] et al. [PERSON] et al. (2018) have highlighted the seamless integration of LLMs into software development workflows, emphasizing their utility in tasks such as code generation, program repair, and summarization. Additionally, LLMs excel in identifying syntax errors, suggesting code refinements, and explaining language-specific functionalities. Through the automation of repetitive tasks such as drafting initial code frameworks and debugging, these tools free developers to focus on complex problem-solving and creative endeavors, significantly streamlining the software development process. However, the integration of LLMs into education--particularly programming education--introduces significant challenges, especially regarding academic integrity, while their ability to generate human-like outputs and efficiently solve programming tasks is advantageous, it also creates risks of misuse. Students may be tempted to use LLMs as shortcuts, bypassing the critical learning exercises necessary for skill development. [PERSON] et al. [PERSON] et al. (2018) have noted that such reliance undermines the primary goal of programming education: fostering analytical and technical skills through active engagement. This over-use risks hindering the development of essential problem-solving abilities and technical proficiency, ultimately affecting students' long-term success. To address these challenges, insights from general educational contexts provide valuable lessons. Research has demonstrated that LLMs can enhance learning by acting as tutors, delivering instant feedback, and providing personalized instruction for diverse learners. These capabilities align with the needs of programming education, where students frequently encounter challenges such as understanding complex syntax or debugging errors. General education studies also underscore strategies for the effective integration of LLMs, such as using these models to structure learning without fostering dependency. Moreover, lessons on promoting ethical use from broader educational domains are critical in programming education, where academic integrity is paramount. These parallels justify the inclusion of studies on LLMs, in general, education, as they provide foundational insights into how these tools can be effectively leveraged in computing education. Expanding on this perspective, [PERSON] et al. [PERSON] et al. (2018) explored the ethical challenges and educational potential of ChatGPT within the Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence (HCAI) framework, which prioritizes human empowerment and ethical responsibility. They highlighted ChatGPT's utility in diverse educational settings, from creative and non-creative writing to lesson planning and fostering critical thinking.