# Sensor Micro and Nanoparticles for Microfluidic Application
## 2 Construction Principles of Sensor Particles
### Metal Particles for LSPR-Based Sensing
An economical method to produce metal nanoparticles in a microchannel of glass substrates was proposed by [PERSON] et al. [19]. In this research, lithography and mask deposition techniques \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Application (Analytic)** & **Particle Type** & **Size** & **Fluidic System** & **Main Advantage** & **Ref.** \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Streplavidin} & \multirow{3}{*}{AuNPs} & \multirow{3}{*}{130 nm} & 7-channel microfluidic devices & Simultaneous measurements of 6 different protein pairs & [18] \\ \cline{6-6}  & & & & Decreased reaction time and lower reagent consumption. & [41] \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Biotin} & \multirow{3}{*}{AuNPs} & \multirow{3}{*}{14–43 nm} & \multirow{3}{*}{Microfluidic chip consumption.} & Reduced assay time, only 60 \(\upmu\)L of sample consumption, limit of a detection of IgG or CRP antibody was 10 ng/mL & [20] \\ \cline{6-6}  & & & & Produced more homogenous and smaller Au seeds used for formation. & \\ \cline{6-6}  & \multirow{3}{*}{Au nanostructures} & \multirow{3}{*}{55-80 nm} & \multirow{3}{*}{M Microfluidic DFM-reactor} & Reduced assay time, only 60 \(\upmu\)L of sample consumption, limit of a detection of IgG or CRP antibody was 10 ng/mL & [45] \\ \cline{6-6}  & & & & Produced more homogenous and smaller Au seeds used for formation. & \\ \cline{6-6}  & \multirow{3}{*}{An nanocubes} & \multirow{3}{*}{55-80 nm} & \multirow{3}{*}{M Microfluidic DFM-reactor} & Reduced more homogenous and smaller Au seeds used for formation. & \\ \cline{6-6}  & & & & What are not known to have sensitivity was twice better than AuNP & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Lab-on-a-chip systems} & \multirow{3}{*}{Ag nanoprism} & \multirow{3}{*}{50 nm} & \multirow{3}{*}{Cross-shape microchannel device} & Low cost, high-efficient fabrication of localized silver NP array in a line-shape and a cross-shape microchannels. & \\ \cline{6-6}  & & & & Low cost, high-efficient fabrication of localized silver NP array in a line-shape and a cross-shape microchannels. & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: _Cont._were combined in order to fabricate and firmly placed triangular silver NP arrays in line-shape and cross-shape microgrooves. A sensitivity test of an NP embedded microfluidic chip demonstrated that the LSPR feature of the triangular silver NPs was well maintained. Results of the extinction spectrum of air and water showed that the extinction peak shifted from 706.7 to 783.1 nm by changing the medium from air to water. As a result, sensitivity of the sensor was calculated to be 230.8 nm/RIU. Application of Sensor Particles for Temperature, pH and Oxygen Measurements in Microfluidic Systems  
The applicability and usability of microfluidic systems and devices can be increased by integrating various functionalities. The combination of microfluidic systems and unique optical, thermal, magnetic and electrical properties of particle is promising for a wide variety of applications. A list of sensor particles applied for temperature, pH and O\({}_{2}\) sensing is presented in Table 4.