esa-sceva/satcom-chunk-collection huggingface dataset:
## 2 Literature Review
### Socially Assistive Robots in Health System
#### 2.1.1 Socially Assistive Robots for Older Adults  
Concerning elderly care, the functionalities of SARs are related to the support of independent living by supporting basic activities (eating, bathing, toileting and getting dressed) and mobility (including navigation), providing household maintenance, monitoring of those who need continuous attention and maintaining safety [16]. There is therefore this dual use and perception: (i) social robots can be perceived as utilitarian systems: they are able to perform tasks such as housekeeping; and (ii) social robots are recognized as hedonic systems: they offer sociable interaction opportunities to be able to build long-term relationships with their users [7].  
[PERSON] and al. [17] had extensively described \"socially interactive robots\". They distinguish these robots--for which social interaction plays a key role [18]--from other robots that involve \"conventional\" human-robot interaction, such as those used in teleoperation scenarios. They can be useful for a variety of purposes: as research platforms, as toys,as educational tools, or as therapeutic aids. The common underlying assumption is that humans prefer to interact with machines the same way they interact with other people.  
This study focused on robots that exhibit the following \"human social\" characteristics: express and/or perceive emotions; communicate with high-level dialogue; learn/recognize models of other agents; establish/maintain social relationships; use natural cues (gaze, gestures, etc.); exhibit distinctive personality and character; may learn/develop social competencies. Their observation is that, although socially interactive robots have already been used with success, much work remains in order to increase their effectiveness. For example, in order for socially interactive robots to be accepted as \"natural\" interaction partners, they need more sophisticated social skills, such as the ability to recognize social context and convention. For them, the challenge is to build robots that have an intrinsic notion of sociality, that develop social skills and bond with people, and that can show empathy and true understanding. At present, such robots remain a distant goal, the achievement of which will require contributions from other research areas such as artificial life, developmental psychology and sociology.  
Nearly twenty years after this survey [17], the challenge remains. In her article promoting multidisciplinary, this cognitive psychologist's observation [19] was that after years of research in artificial intelligence and robotics, endowing technical systems with functionalities similar to human cognition and behavior still represents a scientific challenge. A holistic, user-centered, autonomous, and fully functioning robotic system that is capable of learning and of providing meaningful assistance and social companionship remains difficult to spot.
# Prospects of Cybersecurity in Smart Cities
## 3 Methodology  
This study adopts qualitative methodology to understand and characterize the role of cybersecurity in smart cities. According to [PERSON] et al. [70], cybersecurity is mostly employed in situations where one seeks to explore and describe in depth the nature, meanings, and characteristics of a particular context, rather than seeking statistical generalizations. In this study, qualitative methodology is used as a tool in the exploratory research of cybersecurity in smart cities. Indeed, qualitative methodology is often used at the beginning of a research process to explore a little-known problem or area of study. It helps to generate hypotheses, identify relevant variables, and gain a deeper understanding of the topic before developing more structured research [71]. This exploratory research of the topic is later complemented by an in-depth survey, which allows exploring the perspectives and experiences of the various research projects in depth, which allows capturing the complexity and context of how cybersecurity is addressed in smart cities' research projects. The CORDIS database is used to identify projects in smart cities that address cybersecurity risks. CORDIS is maintained by the European Commission to provide information on the objectives, development status, and technical and scientific outcomes of EU-funded research and development projects [72]. The search in this database considered only the repository of projects funded under the Horizon Europe Framework Program, which is the successor to the Horizon 2020 program and spans the period from 2021 to 2027. The program aims to support scientific research, technological development, and innovation across various disciplines and sectors. It is important to highlight that Horizon Europe encourages interdisciplinary research, international cooperation, and open science principles. External and internal validity procedures have been considered. First, we have used consistent search terms to identify relevant projects. Initially, a search was made considering all projects funded by Horizon Europe in the smart cities field. This resulted in the identification of 180 projects. After that, the combination of the three words \"smart\" and \"city\" and \"security\" was applied. It was also ensured that the current state of development of the projects is relatively similar. Therefore, all projects in the approval phase, or approved but not yet started, have been excluded. In total, and after applying the listed restrictions, a total of 62 projects were identified as presented in Table 1. Associated with each project is the date of its implementation (i.e., start date and end date) and a brief description of its main goal. The identification of the goal of each project was manually carried out considering the main objectives of each project, since the information available in the CORDIS portal is more extensive. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c} \hline \hline
**Project** & **Start Date** & **End Date** & **Goal** \\ \hline
## 5 Discussion
### Limitations  
Additional equivalence rules: There could be any number of additional equivalence rules to be added to further decrease the false negative rate of ETM. Missing equivalence rules could punish certain types of generation, leading to inaccurate model evaluation.  
Figure 7: False negative rates of ETM (%) on selected models for Spider and BIRD as our equivalence rules are accumulated. ESM: the original ESM metric; P: ETM using only the preprocessing equivalence rules (Table 2); \(n\): P + equivalence rules 1 to \(n\) in Table 2 are applied; ETM: P + all 26 equivalence rules are applied, which is our final ETM. Full results can be found in Appendix A.  
This would also further reduce any remaining false negatives that are present in the BIRD evaluation. Addressing this is critical when evaluating the Text-to-SQL task.  
In addition, while analyzing Spider and BIRD, we noticed that the gold queries sometimes make non-verifiable assumptions about the question or the real world (Figure 8).  
A potential option to mitigate this issue would be to have multiple possible correct queries for each question, in order to allow for a larger array of interpretations of each question. We recognize that Spider 2.0 is under development, and we hope that it corrects this aspect of Spider, but it is crucial to address this issue in both Spider and in CoSQL.  
Another potential limitation is the time complexity of ETM. Although evaluation time definitely goes up with SQL complexity, given that we have to parse through any nested structures to apply rules, in practice, this is still much faster than EKE, which scales in time when the databases become large, which is extremely common in the industry and is tested in the BIRD dataset, while ETM is agnostic to the size of the database.
# E-SAWM: A Semantic Analysis-Based ODF Watermarking Algorithm for Edge Cloud Scenarios
## 1 Introduction
The proposed method offers the following significant advantages:  
1. Transparency: E-SAWM ensures zero interference with the structure and display of the OFD file, preserving its original integrity;
2. Concealment: E-SAWM utilizes transformations and realistic pseudosentences to effectively conceal the watermark, impeding detection by potential attackers;
3. Robustness: E-SAWM employs distributed embedding of the watermark across multiple structural files and selects distributed redundant bits within the same file. This approach enhances the robustness of the watermark and hinders attackers from destroying the watermark information in the OFD file;
4. High capacity: E-SAWM supports unlimited watermark information in terms of length and quantity, enabling the embedding of a substantial amount of watermark data. The rest of this paper is structured as follows. In Section 2, we present an overview of the related work in this field. Section 3 introduces the architecture of the open bank data service based on edge cloud and presents the OFD implicit watermarking algorithm scheme that relies on semantic analysis. In Section 4, we present the experimental results and analyze the outcomes in the context of real-world scenarios in the financial industry. Finally, in Section 5, we conclude the paper and provide an outlook for future research in this domain.
## 3 Design of Segmented Mirror with a GRoC Actuation System  
### Design Requirements  
The primary mirror of an on-orbit assembled telescope consists of six hexagonal segmented mirrors made of Zerodur (point-to-point distance is 200 mm and the GRoC is 2406 mm). Using the JWST for reference, as shown in Figure 2, there is a GRoC on each segmented mirror's back. The GRoC actuation system comprises an actuator that pushes and pulls against the center of the mirror and six struts to react the force at the six corners of the mirror. The GRoC system can effectively change the GRoC by introducing undesired deformation called GRoC actuation residual.  
A segmented mirror with a GRoC actuation system was designed in accordance with the process in Figure 3. The specific method of traditional mirror design can be referred to [25], and this work focuses on the support design and the design of the activation point's position.  
Figure 3: The design process and design requirement of the segmented mirror.  
Figure 2: The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) segmented mirror back [24].  
Space mirrors are always fabricated on the ground and launched into space, and the surface accuracy could be degraded by gravity relief. Therefore, the disturbance of gravity should be considered in the support design. According to the optical requirement of cophase, the segmented mirror's required surface accuracy should not exceed \(\lambda/50\) including accuracy degradation caused by the disturbance of gravity, manufacturing error, and the GRoC actuation residual. The specific design requirements are introduced in Figure 3. In orbit, the cophasing process needs the GRoC actuation to be \(\pm 0.1\)mm, then the surface shape error RMS of residual should be less than \(\lambda/10\) per millimeter of GRoC actuation (\(\lambda=632.8 nm\)).
## 4 Measurement Setup and Dataset
### Data Acquisition
#### 4.1.2 Perception Sensor Unit  
On the other hand, the PSU regularly fetches the current weather state from the server to examine for unseen severe weather situations, such as a particular precipitation rate. When this happens, the MCU initializes all SUTs to collect a data sample of approximately 15 s, which is then stored locally before being transferred to the cloud. This process aims to maintain a balanced dataset while ensuring that the total volume of data remains manageable. To automate and standardize the handling of perception sensor data, the MCU, along with all sensor and device drivers, utilizes the well-known open Robot Operating System (ROS).  
Delving into the SUT hardware, in general, two LiDARs were installed: a micro-electromechanical system (MEMS)-based scanning LiDAR and an automotive Flash LiDAR from Continental, whereby this study lays emphasis on the latter (refer to Figures 1 and 3, center). The Flash LiDAR qualifies as a direct time-of-flight device, furnishing 16 bit depth (\(\mathbf{L}\)) and intensity (\(\mathbf{I}\)) images in addition to a corresponding point cloud \(\mathbf{P}\) by ascertaining the pixel-wise pulse return time along with its intensity within a resolution of \(\mathrm{W}\times\mathrm{H}=128\times 32\) pixels and a frame rate of up to \(f=25\) Hz. For that, it operates on a transmitter wavelength of \(\lambda=1064\) nm and features a receiver field of view of \(\mathrm{FOV}=120^{\circ}\times 27.5^{\circ}\), as well as a measurement range of \(L_{\mathrm{min}}=0.5\) m to \(L_{\mathrm{max}}=25\) m.  
In general, the sensor is able to detect up to two return pulses per pixel, which enhances the sensor performance, especially with respect to scattering particles in case of adverse weather conditions or dust. However, since exactly those scattering effects are exploited, only the first return pulse with its corresponding depth and intensity image is taken into account for further processing, as discussed in the following.
## 6 Weibo Data Results and Analysis
### Data Characterization  
We used the \"jieba\" Chinese analysis library in python to separate words from the text of microblogs. In order to optimize the word separation effect, we added user-defined dictionaries with earthquake-related terminology and industry-related standards, imported them into the word separation system and combined them with manual judgment to extract the words published regarding the three earthquakes. For statistical convenience, the top 30 words with the highest word frequency were selected in this paper, and the statistical results are shown in Table 2. In general, the number of blog posts extracted regarding the Luding earthquake was significantly higher than that extracted regarding the Lushan earthquake and the Maerkang earthquake; the word \"earthquake\" ranked first among the three earthquakes, with 55,059, 15,934 and 571,660 mentions, respectively. Geographical location words, such as \"Lushan\", \"Maerkang\", \"Sichuan\" and \"Luding\", also ranked among the top words. Other high-frequency words, such as \"casualties\", \"focal depth\", \"seismic network\" and \"aftershock\", were closely related to the three seismic events.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & **Words** & **Word** & **Word** & **Words** & **Word** \\  & **Frequencies** & & **Frequencies** & & **Frequencies** \\ \hline  & Earthquake & 55,059 & Lushan & 15,735 & Search \& Rescue & 2948 \\  & Sichuan & 29,647 & Baoxing County & 7015 & Epicenter & 2924 \\  & Ya’an City & 27,701 & Ya’an & 5777 & First Time & 2741 \\  & Lushan County & 25,887 & Depth of Earthquake & 4793 & Earthquake Relief & 2718 \\ Lushan & Divided in & 17,318 & June 1 & 4398 & Command & 2682 \\ Earthquake & Information & 16,867 & 0 AM & 4361 & Peaceful & 2589 \\  & China & 16,317 & Do it all & 4115 & Aftershock & 2361 \\  & Earthquake Network & 16,190 & Ya’an Earthquake & 4112 & Rush & 2294 \\  & Official & 16,027 & Personnel casualties & 3951 & Public Security & 2276 \\  & Measurement & 16,025 & Ensure & 3394 & Rescue & 2231 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 2: Frequency statistics of words in microblogs posted 24 h after the earthquake (top 30).  
Figure 3: (**a**) Spatial sequence of microblogs posted after the Lushan earthquake, (**b**) spatial sequence of microblogs posted after the Maerkang earthquake, (**c**) spatial sequence of microblogs posted after the Luding earthquake.
# Temporal Stability of Modified Surfaces of Insulating HV Devices Using Atmospheric Pressure Plasma
## 3 Experimental Conditions of Plasma Surface Treatment of Test Samples
The thermoplastic sample with an argon-nitrogen atmosphere reacted in the range of 13.56 MHz, 42 MHz, 45 MHz, 55 MHz, 85 MHz, 93 MHz, 120 MHz, 140 MHz, 150 MHz, 180 MHz and 190 MHz, as shown in Figure 5.3 The argon-oxygen atmosphere of the plasma in the thermoset sample, as shown in Figure 12, does not cause significant spectral responses; there are clear changes in the 80 MHz, 96 MHz and 180 MHz band. However, in this atmosphere, the change in the spectrum when applied to the thermoplastic sample is very responsive, as shown in Figure 5.4 There is a visible change in the spectrum in the range of 13.56 MHz, 55 MHz, 70 MHz, 80 MHz, 95 MHz, 105 MHz and 150 MHZ and very large changes in the frequency range of 175-185 MHz. A comparison of the spectra with these parameters is summarized in Figure 5.5 It can be seen that the thermoset and thermoplastic samples react differently to the composition of gases entering the plasma, while maintaining the same excitation HF power of the plasma chamber. According to the density and amplitudes of the power spectrum, \(P_{\rm{slog}}\) corresponds to the comparison with the evaluated change in surface resistance of the treated sample. From the further evaluations, it is clear that the highest change in surface resistance of the thermoplastic was achieved for the argon-oxygen atmosphere, as shown in Table 1, which corresponds to the spectrum in Figure 13 and the large change in the region of 175 to 185 MHz. For the thermoset sample and the change in surface resistance, argon plasma appears to be the most advantageous, as shown in Table 1, and this corresponds to the spectrum in Figure 9 with a very wide band and density of changes in the spectrum. In future, we will also try to uncover the basic or proven causes of the origin of spectral lines. A complete and complete description of the composition of the entire measured electromagnetic spectrum is a matter of deeper targeted research, which is not the subject of our contribution. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline
**Plasma Atmosphere** & **Thermoplastic Sample, \(P_{\rm{slog}}\) [dBm]** & **Sample from Thermoset, \(P_{\rm{slog}}\) [dBm]** \\ \hline Argon & Thermoplastic, \(Ar\), without background \\ \hline Argon + N\({}_{2}\) & 80 & Thermoplastic, \(Ar+\)N\({}_{2}\) without background \\ \hline Argon + N\({}_{2}\) & 1.00 & 1.00 \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Comparison of the frequency spectra at power \(P_{\rm{slog}}\) for different plasma atmosphere settings without precursor addition, where \(P_{\rm{out}}\) = 500 W and \(f\) = 13.56 MHz.
## 4 Conclusions  
Given that, currently, the amount of space debris in Earth's orbit already presents a very alarming number, which may make space exploration infeasible in the near future, in this study we show an option for the mitigation of space debris using a solar sail coupled to the satellite (debris) in GEO. We consider the main disturbing forces to analyze the dynamics of a solar sail coupled to the satellite, so that these perturbations, in particular the SRP, contribute to the removal of these objects from the Earth's orbit. We show colour maps that can be useful in choosing the orbital parameters where the debris should be directed to help increase the eccentricity growth and bring the debris closer to Earth's atmosphere to be incinerated or send the debris into a graveyard orbit. These mitigation parameters are the argument of the perigee (\(g\)), the longitude of the ascending node (\(h\)), and the area-to-mass ratio. We present results showing that it is possible to use a small solar sail (\(A/m=1\) m\({}^{2}\)/kg) to direct the debris into a graveyard orbit. In this way, with an adequate choice of a pair (\(g,h\)), we can reduce the debris reentry time, choose the appropriate value of the area-to-mass parameter, or send it into a graveyard orbit. Choosing the appropriate value of the area-to-mass parameter will reduce the costs of the solar sail. With this, we intend to contribute to the mitigation of the risks caused by space debris in a sustainable way through a clean propulsive mechanism that uses a source of energy that is also clean and abundant, namely the energy of the Sun.  
Conceptualization, J.P.S.C.; Methodology, J.P.S.C. and J.C.d.S.; Software, J.P.S.C., J.C.d.S., J.S.L. and L.F.B.; Validation, J.S.L. and L.F.B.; Formal analysis, J.P.S.C., J.C.d.S. and A.F.B.A.P.; Investigation, J.P.S.C. and J.C.d.S.; Writing - original draft, J.P.S.C. and J.C.d.S.; Writing - review & editing, J.C.d.S., J.P.S.C. and A.F.B.A.P.; Visualization, J.C.d.S.; Project administration, J.P.S.C.; Funding acquisition, A.F.B.A.P. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
JCS thanks financial support from ITA/CAPES through a CAPES-PRINT Young Talent fellowship (Contract No 88887.583120/2020-00) and acknowledges the support of ISAS/JAXA and financial support from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) through a Postdoctoral Fellowship. JSL thanks UFRB for a PIBIC fellowship. LFB and AFBAP thank the financial support from Brazil's National Council for the Improvement of Higher Education (CAPES)--Finance Code 001. The authors wish to express their appreciation for the support provided by grant No 309089/2021-2 from the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq), grant No. 2016/24561-0 from the Sao Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP). This publication has been supported by the RUDN University Scientific Projects Grant System, project No. 202235-2-000.  
The data used in this work are avaiable to the public using the references and links provided in the manuscript.  
The authors declare no conflicts of interest.