## 5 Conclusions  
TD is a complex condition, frequently co-occurring with other psychological symptoms, such as OCD and ADHD. For tics that do not have a substantial improvement or resolution over time, several nonpharmacological treatment options are available and effective. More robust research in this domain will support the treatment of children and adolescents with TDs, reducing family and individual burden, improving a successful attainment of age-specific developmental tasks, and enhancing long-term wellbeing. Conceptualization, M.L., C.A., C.C., M.R. and E.B. ; methodology, C.A. and C.C. ; investigation, C.A., C.C., M.R. and E.B. ; data curation, C.A. and C.C. ; writing--original draft preparation, C.A., C.C., M.R. and E.B. ; writing--review and editing, C.A., B.F. and C.C. ; supervision, B.F., S.S. and M.L. ; project administration, B.F. and M.L. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. This research received no external funding. The contributions presented in the study are included in the cited articles; further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding author. The authors would like to thank [PERSON] for proofreading this manuscript. The authors declare no conflicts of interest. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**Database** & **Coverage** & 1977 to present \\ \hline PubMed & 1977 to present \\ EBSCOhost (APA PsyInfo, APA PsyCArticles, & 1951 to present \\ PSYNDEX Literature with PSYNDEX Tests, ERIC) & 1968 to present \\ JABA & 1968 to present \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} _Note._ The table displays the name, the interface, or the platform through which each consulted database was searched, as well as the dates of coverage.  
\end{table} 
Table 10: Database and coverage. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**ID** & **Study and Year** & **Intervention** & **Intervention’s Components** & **Delivered by** & **Timing** & **Follow Up** \\ \hline
1 & [PERSON] et al. (2010) & CBIT & HRT (awareness training, competing response training). relaxation training, functional intervention & Therapists with master’s-level or higher education & 8 sessions (60 or 90 min long) during 10 weeks & 3-6-months \\ \hline
2 & [PERSON] et al. (2012) & Telehealth- delivered & Psychoeducation, HRT, FAI, relaxation training & Therapists were level psychologists with extensive CBIT training & 6 weekly sessions + 2 bi-weekly sessions & 4-months \\ \hline
3 & [PERSON] et al. (2012) & CBIT-VoIP & self-monitoring, FAI, diaphragmatic breathing, progressive muscle relaxation, behavioral rewards & Four master’s level therapists who were trained using the CBIT manual & 2 sessions (1.5 h long) + 6 sessions (1 h long) & -4 \\ \hline
4 & [PERSON] et al. (2016) & HRT & Relaxation training, functional analysis & Five clinicians (three qualified and two in training) & 2 sessions (90 min long) + Other sessions (1 h long) & - \\ \hline
5 & [PERSON] et al. (2020) & ICBIT & Psycho-education, awareness training, stress management skills, identifying factors that exacerbate its, education, maintaining intervention gains and relapse prevention & Students in a master’s degree program in & 9 consecutive conjoint child-caregiver modules, delivered over 9 weeks & 3-, 6-months \\ \hline
6 & [PERSON] et al. (2022) & Internet delivered ERP & Practice tic suppression (response prevention) and gradually provoke premoinitory urges to make the tic suppression more challenging & Clinical or trainee psychologists with specific training & 10 modules delivered over 10 weeks & 3-, 6-, 12-months \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 13: Characteristics of interventions.