### Spatio-Temporal Studies Using Biomimetic Logger, an Original Remote Sensing Tool
Their use rather than deploying data loggers directly on the animals permits the organism study without capturing them, thus avoiding a major stress source and the capture effect on the measurements, which would have to be a posteriori corrected [40; 52]. In addition, continuous independent recording allows studies to be conducted in harsh environments where study sites are difficult to access in terms of localization and/or legislation [53; 54]. This tool also facilitates long-term data acquisition by drastically reducing the duration of field campaigns [37; 55]. Moreover, the recorded data are more realistic than laboratory measurements, more accurate, and organism-specific [56; 57]. For instance, the authors of [38] demonstrated a difference of 11.1 \({}^{\circ}\)C between micro-habitat temperature--used as a proxy of body temperature--measured with a weather station and body temperature measured with a biomimetic logger. This technology captures the proximal environment effect, such as soil moisture and wind speed, which may also influence body temperature [58]. Biomimetic logger monitoring is frequently used in thermal physiology [46] to study issues such as thermal stress, heat tolerance or thermal performance [55; 59; 60] in intertidal environments [40; 41; 55]. For example, ref. [61] measured mussel body temperature over 9 years in order to explore the relationship between body, air, surface and water temperatures and the spatio-temporal pattern of physiological stress. The data collected also provide a better understanding of the relationship between species activity rhythm, thermo-hydro requirements and environmental conditions [49; 62]. Integration of Spatio-Temporal Variability in Mountain Biodiversity Monitoring Still an Overlooked Issue  
As surprising as it may sound, compared to other ecosystems, there are not many papers regarding the conservation of mountain biodiversity [63; 64], but several specific initiatives target efficiently these issues. Among them, the Global Mountain Biodiversity Assessment (GMBA) is a platform for international and cross-disciplinary collaboration on the assessment, conservation, and sustainable use of mountain biodiversity ([[https://www.gmba.unibe.ch/](https://www.gmba.unibe.ch/)]([https://www.gmba.unibe.ch/](https://www.gmba.unibe.ch/))), while The Global Observation Research Initiative in Alpine Environments is a contribution to the Global Terrestrial Observing System (GTOS) aiming at establishing a long-term observation network for the comparative study of climate change impacts on mountain biodiversity [65]. Mountains are home to outstanding biodiversity, a great diversity of species, many of which are endemic [58; 66; 67]. Climate change induces altitudinal movements leading to changes in biotic interactions at each altitudinal level [68]. Changes in human land use, such as abandonment and fragmentation also conduct to imbalances in communities assemblages, host-parasite and prey-predator systems [58; 68]. Furthermore, in most cases, induced upwards movements and land use entail a reduction in habitat area and an increased risk of extinction [69; 70]. In addition, the warming is accelerated at high-altitude due to changes in snow albedo, water regimes and radiations fluxes [71]. For all of these reasons, mountains are priority habitats for implementing conservation policies [58; 69; 71]. However, mountain biodiversity knowledge is scarce, mainly due to the constraining field conditions [70]. The sites are difficult to access, isolated and remote. Moreover, most importantly, biodiversity studies must be replicated in space and time in order to integrate the spatio-temporal variability effect [72]. This type of study takes time, evidently even more so for those conducted over the long term. Thus, thanks to its ease of deployment, its remote recording capacity and the possibility of the sampling plan reproducibility over different years, biomimetic logger seems to be an appropriate and powerful tool for the mountain biodiversity spatio-temporal study.