## 3 Results and Discussion
### Nanocoated Fabric Pull-Out Properties
#### 3.2.3 Single and Multiple Nanocoated Fabric Maximum Pull-Out Force  
Single and multiple maximum pull-out force-displacement values of nanocoated p-aramid fabric are provided in Table 4. Additionally, Figure 8a-d shows the single and multiple pull-out force-displacement of nanocoated soft structures. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{p{56.9 pt} p{56.9 pt} p{56.9 pt} p{56.9 pt} p{56.9 pt}} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Label**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**\begin{tabular}{} \end{tabular}**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**\begin{tabular}{} \end{tabular}**} & \multicolumn{1}{p{56.9 pt}}{**Initial Interlacement**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**\
\begin{tabular}{} \end{tabular}**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**
\begin{tabular}{} \end{tabular}**} \\  & & & & & \\ \hline Single yarn & & & & & \\ \hline KPO & 25.240 & 6.490 & 19.200 & 0.028 & 493.100 \(\pm\) 19.78 \\ BPO & 94.520 & 11.260 & 86.470 & 0.101 & 460.180 \(\pm\) 31.09 \\ MPO & 68.070 & 10.580 & 55.590 & 0.075 & 456.630 \(\pm\) 32.24 \\ GPO & 18.260 & 10.470 & 12.610 & 0.020 & 461.990 \(\pm\) 13.36 \\ \hline Multiple yarns & & & & & \\ Two yarns & & & & & \\ \hline KPO & 94.790 & 7.110 & 63.370 & 0.052 & - \\ BPO & 402.420 & 19.530 & 377.050 & 0.216 & - \\ MPO & 147.430 & 8.770 & 125.820 & 0.081 & - \\ GPO & 68.610 & 6.280 & 43.370 & 0.037 & - \\ \hline Three yarns & & & & & \\ \hline KPO & 267.880 & 8.140 & 180.190 & 0.098 & - \\ BPO & 802.427 & 17.562 & 329.238\(\times\) & 0.287 & - \\ MPO & 528.240 & 10.880 & 479.090 & 0.193 & - \\ GPO & 172.400 & 8.220 & 108.760 & 0.062 & - \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: Single and multiple max. pull-out force–displacement, initial interlacement rupture force, and intra-yarn shear strength considering single-yarn tensile strength for nanocoated p-aramid fabric structures. The single and multiple pull-out force data provided in Table 4 and Figure 8a-c demonstrate that the single pull-out force of BPO exhibited a remarkable superiority of 38.86% compared to MPO and was over five times and 3.75 times higher than the GPO and KPO structures, respectively. In contrast, the single pull-out force of KPO was observed to be 38.23% greater than that of the GPO (Figure 8a). Moreover, the two-yarn pull-out force of BPO was found to be significantly greater, exceeding those of the MPO, GPO, and KPO structures by factors of 2.73, 5.87, and 4.25, respectively. Conversely, the two-yarn pull-out force of the KPO was 38.16% higher than that of the GPO (Figure 8b). Furthermore, the three-yarn pull-out force of the BPO was exceptionally higher, surpassing the MPO, GPO, and KPO structures by 51.90%, 465%, and 300%, respectively. Notably, the three-yarn pull-out force of the KPO was 55.38% greater than that of the GPO (Figure 8c). The incorporation of B\({}_{4}\)C and MWCNTs likely facilitated their enhanced penetration between the warp and weft tows, resulting in the formation of rougher filament surfaces [43]. This enhanced surface topology is hypothesized to increase friction-based interactions between filaments, as well as between nanoparticles and filament-nano interfaces. Consequently, these materials exhibited higher maximum pull-out forces due to their resistance to tensile forces prior to the initial interlacement rupture phase. This mechanism is particularly significant in contributing to energy dissipation in soft ballistic applications. In contrast, the addition of GNPs was observed to reduce the maximum pull-out force of the soft fabric structure, attributed to a lubricative effect. This phenomenon is interpreted as arising from potential sliding interactions between the smooth nanoplatelet surfaces and at the filament-nano interfaces [66]. Figure 8: Single- and multiple (two ends and three end)-yarn maximum pull-out force–displacement graph for nanocoated p-aramid fabric structures. (**a**) Single-yarn maximum pull-out forces. (**b**) Two-yarn pull-out forces. (**c**) Three-yarn pull-out forces. (**d**) Tensile strength of single various nanocoated para-aramid yarns.