# Tool for Predicting College Student Career Decisions: An Enhanced Support Vector Machine Framework
## 7 Conclusions and Future Work
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l l l l} \hline \hline  & F1 & \multicolumn{2}{c}{F2} \\ \cline{2-5}  & Avg & Std & Avg & Std \\ \hline CBBOA & \(\mathbf{1.8030\times 10^{6}}\) & \(\mathbf{1.0304\times 10^{6}}\) & \(\mathbf{2.0001\times 10^{2}}\) & \(\mathbf{9.2127\times 10^{-3}}\) \\ BMVOA & \(1.0717\times 10^{8}\) & \(4.3745\times 10^{7}\) & \(2.6567\times 10^{8}\) & \(1.5529\times 10^{8}\) \\ ACWOA & \(1.4833\times 10^{8}\) & \(5.5638\times 10^{7}\) & \(7.9939\times 10^{9}\) & \(3.4474\times 10^{9}\) \\ COSCA & \(8.9386\times 10^{8}\) & \(5.3031\times 10^{8}\) & \(6.3658\times 10^{10}\) & \(2.1103\times 10^{10}\) \\ CESCA & \(1.1876\times 10^{9}\) & \(2.0735\times 10^{8}\) & \(7.6944\times 10^{10}\) & \(4.2170\times 10^{9}\) \\ CGPSO & \(9.7702\times 10^{6}\) & \(2.5780\times 10^{6}\) & \(1.5498\times 10^{8}\) & \(2.1136\times 10^{7}\) \\ ALCPSO & \(6.4899\times 10^{6}\) & \(6.6766\times 10^{6}\) & \(2.2696\times 10^{3}\) & \(3.8048\times 10^{3}\) \\ GL25 & \(6.8886\times 10^{6}\) & \(3.8457\times 10^{6}\) & \(1.2582\times 10^{3}\) & \(1.1673\times 10^{3}\) \\ DECLS & \(3.3217\times 10^{7}\) & \(9.1089\times 10^{6}\) & \(1.1338\times 10^{3}\) & \(3.6390\times 10^{3}\) \\ DE & \(1.9301\times 10^{7}\) & \(5.7413\times 10^{6}\) & \(8.2095\times 10^{2}\) & \(1.6488\times 10^{3}\) \\ GWO & \(5.5892\times 10^{7}\) & \(3.5683\times 10^{7}\) & \(2.1901\times 10^{9}\) & \(2.5341\times 10^{9}\) \\ BOA & \(1.6643\times 10^{9}\) & \(3.1079\times 10^{8}\) & \(7.8163\times 10^{10}\) & \(8.3707\times 10^{9}\) \\ \hline \multicolumn{5}{c}{F3} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{F4} \\ \cline{2-5}  & Avg & Std & Avg & Std \\ \hline CBBOA & \(4.0850\times 10^{2}\) & \(1.3860\times 10^{2}\) & \(4.7838\times 10^{2}\) & \(3.6867\times 10^{1}\) \\ BMVOA & \(5.4968\times 10^{4}\) & \(9.3525\times 10^{3}\) & \(6.7336\times 10^{2}\) & \(7.3102\times 10^{1}\) \\ ACWOA & \(4.9095\times 10^{4}\) & \(8.8924\times 10^{3}\) & \(1.1387\times 10^{3}\) & \(2.8025\times 10^{2}\) \\ COSCA & \(5.6942\times 10^{4}\) & \(1.7497\times 10^{4}\) & \(9.8014\times 10^{3}\) & \(3.0534\times 10^{3}\) \\ CESCA & \(1.1103\times 10^{5}\) & \(1.5056\times 10^{4}\) & \(1.1600\times 10^{4}\) & \(1.4613\times 10^{3}\) \\ CGPSO & \(2.2727\times 10^{3}\) & \(6.6309\times 10^{2}\) & \(\mathbf{4.6431\times 10^{2}}\) & \(\mathbf{3.1795\times 10^{1}}\) \\ ALCPSO & \(5.1468\times 10^{2}\) & \(5.7009\times 10^{2}\) & \(5.1660\times 10^{2}\) & \(4.4261\times 10^{1}\) \\ GL25 & \(7.1686\times 10^{3}\) & \(1.1124\times 10^{4}\) & \(5.1182\times 10^{2}\) & \(3.3736\times 10^{1}\) \\ DECLS & \(5.1436\times 10^{2}\) & \(1.8144\times 10^{2}\) & \(5.0966\times 10^{2}\) & \(1.9755\times 10^{1}\) \\ DE & \(\mathbf{4.0464\times 10^{2}}\) & \(\mathbf{1.0122\times 10^{2}}\) & \(5.0399\times 10^{2}\) & \(2.6263\times 10^{1}\) \\ GWO & \(3.1663\times 10^{4}\) & \(8.2882\times 10^{3}\) & \(6.4242\times 10^{2}\) & \(8.7207\times 10^{1}\) \\ BOA & \(7.3093\times 10^{4}\) & \(7.0422\times 10^{3}\) & \(1.6572\times 10^{4}\) & \(2.0742\times 10^{3}\) \\ \hline \multicolumn{5}{c}{F5} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{F6} \\ \cline{2-5}  & Avg & Std & Avg & Std \\ \hline CBBOA & \(\mathbf{5.2054\times 10^{2}}\) & \(\mathbf{9.1124\times 10^{-2}}\) & \(\mathbf{6.1011\times 10^{2}}\) & \(\mathbf{3.4478\times 10^{0}}\) \\ BMVOA & \(5.2097\times 10^{2}\) & \(9.2063\times 10^{-2}\) & \(6.3329\times 10^{2}\) & \(2.9235\times 10^{0}\) \\ ACWOA & \(5.2080\times 10^{2}\) & \(1.5647\times 10^{-1}\) & \(6.3348\times 10^{2}\) & \(3.4412\times 10^{0}\) \\ COSCA & \(5.2104\times 10^{2}\) & \(7.6610\times 10^{-2}\) & \(6.2130\times 10^{2}\) & \(4.7481\times 10^{0}\) \\ CESCA & \(5.2103\times 10^{2}\) & \(5.0365\times 10^{-2}\) & \(6.4161\times 10^{2}\) & \(1.5680\times 10^{0}\) \\ CGPSO & \(5.2096\times 10^{2}\) & \(5.2391\times 10^{-2}\) & \(6.2282\times 10^{2}\) & \(3.2396\times 10^{0}\) \\ ALCPSO & \(5.2082\times 10^{2}\) & \(6.2548\times 10^{-2}\) & \(6.1614\times 10^{2}\) & \(3.6276\times 10^{0}\) \\ GL25 & \(5.2107\times 10^{2}\) & \(1.2606\times 10^{-1}\) & \(6.1431\times 10^{2}\) & \(2.9503\times 10^{0}\) \\ DECLS & \(5.2064\times 10^{2}\) & \(6.0533\times 10^{-2}\) & \(6.2158\times 10^{2}\) & \(1.9812\times 10^{0}\) \\ DE & \(5.2057\times 10^{2}\) & \(5.7521\times 10^{-2}\) & \(6.1966\times 10^{2}\) & \(2.0167\times 10^{0}\) \\ GWO & \(5.2096\times 10^{2}\) & \(5.3745\times 10^{-2}\) & \(6.1427\times 10^{2}\) & \(2.8626\times 10^{0}\) \\ BOA & \(5.2105\times 10^{2}\) & \(4.2576\times 10^{-2}\) & \(6.3918\times 10^{2}\)  
\begin{tabular}{l l l l l} \hline GWO & \(7.1835\times 10^{2}\) & \(1.7971\times 10^{1}\) & \(8.8460\times 10^{2}\) & \(2.3224\times 10^{1}\) \\ BOA & \(1.5084\times 10^{3}\) & \(9.3231\times 10^{1}\) & \(1.0800\times 10^{3}\) & \(2.3929\times 10^{1}\) \\ \hline \multicolumn{4}{c}{F9} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{F10} \\ \cline{2-5}  & Avg & Std & Avg & Std \\ \hline CBBOA & \(9.9137\times 10^{2}\) & \(2.3780\times 10^{1}\) & \(1.6058\times 10^{3}\) & \(3.6765\times 10^{2}\) \\ BMWOA & \(1.1237\times 10^{3}\) & \(2.4960\times 10^{1}\) & \(4.8429\times 10^{3}\) & \(6.8002\times 10^{2}\) \\ ACWOA & \(1.1296\times 10^{3}\) & \(2.6544\times 10^{1}\) & \(4.8371\times 10^{3}\) & \(8.0218\times 10^{2}\) \\ COSCA & \(1.1912\times 10^{3}\) & \(4.7617\times 10^{1}\) & \(3.9767\times 10^{3}\) & \(7.9244\times 10^{2}\) \\ CESCA & \(1.3040\times 10^{3}\) & \(1.5796\times 10^{1}\) & \(8.8141\times 10^{3}\) & \(2.9668\times 10^{2}\) \\ CGPSO & \(1.1188\times 10^{3}\) & \(2.3346\times 10^{1}\) & \(5.5081\times 10^{3}\) & \(5.8401\times 10^{2}\) \\ ALCPSO & \(1.0081\times 10^{3}\) & \(3.0592\times 10^{1}\) & \(1.7183\times 10^{3}\) & \(4.3505\times 10^{2}\) \\ GL25 & \(1.0288\times 10^{3}\) & \(3.3241\times 10^{1}\) & \(3.7255\times 10^{3}\) & \(9.2637\times 10^{2}\) \\ DECLS & \(1.0230\times 10^{3}\) & \(9.6967\times 10^{0}\) & \(\mathbf{1.0252\times 10^{3}}\) & \(\mathbf{2.5235\times 10^{1}}\) \\ DE & \(1.0098\times 10^{3}\) & \(9.3311\times 10^{0}\) & \(1.0301\times 10^{3}\) & \(4.1062\times 10^{1}\) \\ GWO & \(1.0040\times 10^{3}\) & \(2.1414\times 10^{1}\) & \(3.4005\times 10^{3}\) & \(5.9025\times 10^{2}\) \\ BOA & \(1.2821\times 10^{3}\) & \(4.7244\times 10^{1}\) & \(6.9291\times 10^{3}\) & \(3.9695\times 10^{2}\) \\ \hline \multicolumn{4}{c}{F11} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{F12} \\ \cline{2-5}  & Avg & Std & Avg & Std \\ \hline CBBOA & \(5.0119\times 10^{3}\) & \(6.0250\times 10^{2}\) & \(\mathbf{1.2009\times 10^{3}}\) & \(\mathbf{2.3915\times 10^{-1}}\) \\ BMWOA & \(7.1530\times 10^{3}\) & \(6.0590\times 10^{2}\) & \(1.2024\times 10^{3}\) & \(4.8900\times 10^{-1}\) \\ ACWOA & \(6.4025\times 10^{3}\) & \(8.5223\times 10^{2}\) & \(1.2018\times 10^{3}\) & \(4.4736\times 10^{-1}\) \\ COSCA & \(6.3104\times 10^{3}\) & \(6.1537\times 10^{2}\) & \(1.2020\times 10^{3}\) & \(4.1068\times 10^{-1}\) \\ CESCA & \(9.1132\times 10^{3}\) & \(2.4588\times 10^{2}\) & \(1.2036\times 10^{3}\) & \(4.0247\times 10^{-1}\) \\ CGPSO & \(6.0632\times 10^{3}\) & \(4.8645\times 10^{2}\) & \(1.2026\times 10^{3}\) & \(2.3568\times 10^{-1}\) \\ ALCPSO & \(4.1988\times 10^{3}\) & \(6.6139\times 10^{2}\) & \(1.2015\times 10^{3}\) & \(4.8177\times 10^{-1}\) \\ GL25 & \(6.4044\times 10^{3}\) & \(6.7616\times 10^{2}\) & \(1.2025\times 10^{3}\) & \(8.3770\times 10^{-1}\) \\ DECLS & \(6.1820\times 10^{3}\) & \(2.5230\times 10^{2}\) & \(1.2011\times 10^{3}\) & \(1.3085\times 10^{-1}\) \\ DE & \(5.8411\times 10^{3}\) & \(3.0834\times 10^{2}\) & \(1.2009\times 10^{3}\) & \(1.2453\times 10^{-1}\) \\ GWO & \(\mathbf{3.9793\times 10^{3}}\) & \(\mathbf{9.0198\times 10^{2}}\) & \(1.2019\times 10^{3}\) & \(1.0066\times 10^{0}\) \\ BOA & \(7.6936\times 10^{3}\) & \(3.0339\times 10^{2}\) & \(1.2029\times 10^{3}\) & \(3.7932\times 10^{-1}\) \\ \hline \multicolumn{4}{c}{F13} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{F14} \\ \cline{2-5}  & Avg & Std & Avg & Std \\ \hline CBBOA & \(1.3004\times 10^{3}\) & \(8.5067\times 10^{-2}\) & \(\mathbf{1.4002\times 10^{3}}\) & \(\mathbf{3.4669\times 10^{-2}}\) \\ BMWOA & \(1.3006\times 10^{3}\) & \(1.5480\times 10^{-1}\) & \(1.4003\times 10^{3}\) & \(4.3411\times 10^{-2}\) \\ ACWOA & \(1.3015\times 10^{3}\) & \(1.0365\times 10^{0}\) & \(1.4191\times 10^{3}\) & \(1.5916\times 10^{1}\) \\ COSCA & \(1.3057\times 10^{3}\) & \(2.6847\times 10^{0}\) & \(1.6137\times 10^{3}\) & \(8.0522\times 10^{1}\) \\ CESCA & \(1.3078\times 10^{3}\) & \(4.8390\times 10^{-1}\) & \(1.6506\times 10^{3}\) & \(2.2394\times 10^{1}\) \\ CGPSO & \(1.3004\times 10^{3}\) & \(1.0740\times 10^{-1}\) & \(1.4003\times 10^{3}\) & \(1.1888\times 10^{-1}\) \\ ALCPSO & \(1.3005\times 10^{3}\) & \(8.7747\times 10^{-2}\) & \(1.4007\times 10^{3}\) & \(3.0709\times 10^{-1}\) \\ GL25 & \(1.3004\times 10^{3}\) & \(8.0749\times 10^{-2}\) & \(1.4003\times 10^{3}\) & \(5.0502\times 10^{-2}\) \\ DECLS & \(1.3004\times 10^{3}\) & \(6.2113\times 10^{-2}\) & \(1.4003\times 10^{3}\) & \(8.7249\times 10^{-2}\) \\ DE & \(\mathbf{1.3004\times 10^{3}}\) & \(\mathbf{4.2062\times 10^{-2}}\) & \(1.4003  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c} \hline CESCA & \(4.3189\times 10^{5}\) & \(1.0374\times 10^{5}\) & \(1.6135\times 10^{3}\) & \(2.1406\times 10^{-1}\) \\ CGPSO & \(1.5174\times 10^{3}\) & \(1.1700\times 10^{0}\) & \(1.6115\times 10^{3}\) & \(3.5374\times 10^{-1}\) \\ ALCPSO & \(\mathbf{1.5095\times 10^{3}}\) & \(\mathbf{3.1903\times 10^{0}}\) & \(1.6117\times 10^{3}\) & \(5.2657\times 10^{-1}\) \\ GL25 & \(1.5220\times 10^{3}\) & \(6.9231\times 10^{0}\) & \(1.6120\times 10^{3}\) & \(5.0226\times 10^{-1}\) \\ DECLS & \(1.5133\times 10^{3}\) & \(8.2274\times 10^{-1}\) & \(1.6118\times 10^{3}\) & \(2.8453\times 10^{-1}\) \\ DE & \(1.5121\times 10^{3}\) & \(9.6677\times 10^{-1}\) & \(1.6115\times 10^{3}\) & \(2.9432\times 10^{-1}\) \\ GWO & \(2.1591\times 10^{3}\) & \(1.3597\times 10^{3}\) & \(\mathbf{1.6108\times 10^{3}}\) & \(\mathbf{6.5913\times 10^{-1}}\) \\ BOA & \(3.8960\times 10^{5}\) & \(1.3187\times 10^{5}\) & \(1.6134\times 10^{3}\) & \(2.8382\times 10^{-1}\) \\ \hline  & F17 & & F18 & \\ \cline{2-4}  & Avg & Std & Avg & Std \\ \hline CBBOA & \(\mathbf{2.1792\times 10^{5}}\) & \(\mathbf{1.2091\times 10^{5}}\) & \(3.9527\times 10^{3}\) & \(2.1688\times 10^{3}\) \\ BMWOA & \(5.5900\times 10^{6}\) & \(3.7204\times 10^{6}\) & \(8.5449\times 10^{4}\) & \(6.4288\times 10^{4}\) \\ ACWOA & \(1.6134\times 10^{7}\) & \(1.0735\times 10^{7}\) & \(5.0025\times 10^{7}\) & \(3.6272\times 10^{7}\) \\ COSCA & \(3.0648\times 10^{7}\) & \(3.5516\times 10^{7}\) & \(7.1814\times 10^{8}\) & \(2.1449\times 10^{9}\) \\ CESCA & \(1.0504\times 10^{8}\) & \(1.8015\times 10^{7}\) & \(4.0499\times 10^{9}\) & \(9.6455\times 10^{8}\) \\ CGPSO & \(3.1879\times 10^{5}\) & \(1.2726\times 10^{5}\) & \(2.8501\times 10^{5}\) & \(6.4288\times 10^{5}\) \\ ALPSO & \(4.7325\times 10^{5}\) & \(5.4772\times 10^{5}\) & \(8.3538\times 10^{3}\) & \(7.5279\times 10^{3}\) \\ GL25 & \(8.2784\times 10^{5}\) & \(4.6405\times 10^{5}\) & \(2.7815\times 10^{3}\) & \(1.4342\times 10^{3}\) \\ DECLS & \(2.0297\times 10^{6}\) & \(8.4694\times 10^{5}\) & \(1.9452\times 10^{4}\) & \(1.6845\times 10^{4}\) \\ DE & \(1.5640\times 10^{6}\) & \(6.5718\times 10^{5}\) & \(8.6163\times 10^{3}\) & \(4.8731\times 10^{3}\) \\ GWO & \(2.6886\times 10^{6}\) & \(2.9678\times 10^{6}\) & \(6.2481\times 10^{6}\) & \(1.4825\times 10^{7}\) \\ BOA & \(1.7617\times 10^{8}\) & \(8.5409\times 10^{7}\) & \(6.4244\times 10^{9}\) & \(2.5330\times 10^{9}\) \\ \hline  & F19 & & F20 & \\ \cline{2-4}  & Avg & Std & Avg & Std \\ \hline CBBOA & \(1.9123\times 10^{3}\) & \(1.6232\times 10^{1}\) & \(3.6498\times 10^{3}\) & \(1.2646\times 10^{3}\) \\ BMWOA & \(1.9331\times 10^{3}\) & \(2.3707\times 10^{1}\) & \(3.1152\times 10^{4}\) & \(2.7581\times 10^{4}\) \\ ACWOA & \(2.0086\times 10^{3}\) & \(2.9753\times 10^{1}\) & \(4.1432\times 10^{4}\) & \(1.9260\times 10^{4}\) \\ COSCA & \(2.0930\times 10^{3}\) & \(2.0199\times 10^{2}\) & \(2.5987\times 10^{4}\) & \(9.0261\times 10^{3}\) \\ CESCA & \(2.2527\times 10^{3}\) & \(4.4261\times 10^{1}\) & \(4.4640\times 10^{5}\) & \(2.8889\times 10^{5}\) \\ CGPSO & \(1.91977\times 10^{3}\) & \(2.8220\times 10^{0}\) & \(2.4449\times 10^{3}\) & \(8.9684\times 10^{4}\) \\ ALCPSO & \(1.9132\times 10^{3}\) & \(1.5071\times 10^{1}\) & \(3.0207\times 10^{3}\) & \(5.0969\times 10^{2}\) \\ GL25 & \(1.9177\times 10^{3}\) & \(1.8849\times 10^{1}\) & \(1.5454\times 10^{4}\) & \(9.4537\times 10^{3}\) \\ DECLS & \(1.9090\times 10^{3}\) & \(1.1062\times 10^{0}\) & \(5.5417\times 10^{3}\) & \(1.9236\times 10^{3}\) \\ DE & \(\mathbf{1.9083\times 10^{3}}\) & \(\mathbf{7.1246\times 10^{-1}}\) & \(4.9888\times 10^{3}\) & \(1.5815\times 10^{3}\) \\ GWO & \(1.9421\times 10^{3}\) & \(2.6740\times 10^{1}\) & \(1.8691\times 10^{4}\) & \(9.2334\times 10^{3}\) \\ BOA & \(2.4468\times 10^{3}\) & \(7.1856\times 10^{1}\) & \(1.3607\times 10^{5}\) & \(1.0837\times 10^{5}\) \\ \hline  & F21 & & F22 & \\ \cline{2-4}  & Avg & Std & Avg & Std \\ \hline CBBOA & \(1.5122\times 10^{5}\) & \(9.4180\times 10^{4}\) & \(2.5175\times 10^{3}\) & \(1.4193\times 10^{2}\) \\ BMWOA & \(1.7781\times 10^{6}\) & \(1.7201\times 10^{6}\) & \(2.8403\times 10^{3}\) & \(2.1005\times 10^{2}\) \\ ACWOA & \(5.3323\times 10^{6}\) & \(4.3368\times 10^{6}\) & \(2.9696\times 10^{3}\) & \(2.3798\times 10^{2}\) \\ COSCA & \(4.2385\times 10^{5}\) & \(4.1713\times 10^{5}\) & \(2.5624\times 10^{3}\) & \(1.3627\times 10^{2}\) \\ CESCA & \(3.6023\times 10^{7}\) & \(1.1128\times 10^{7}\)  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l l l l} \hline \hline  & F23 & \multicolumn{2}{c}{F24} \\ \cline{2-5}  & Avg & Std & Avg & Std \\ \hline CBBOA & \(2.6152\times 10^{3}\) & \(1.1517\times 10^{-12}\) & \(2.6000\times 10^{3}\) & \(5.1366\times 10^{-13}\) \\ BMWOA & \(2.5006\times 10^{3}\) & \(9.7621\times 10^{-1}\) & \(2.6003\times 10^{3}\) & \(2.8177\times 10^{-1}\) \\ ACWOA & \(2.5187\times 10^{3}\) & \(5.7177\times 10^{1}\) & \(2.6000\times 10^{3}\) & \(1.9497\times 10^{-6}\) \\ COSCA & \(\mathbf{2.5000\times 10^{3}}\) & \(\mathbf{0.0000\times 10^{0}}\) & \(2.6000\times 10^{3}\) & \(1.4417\times 10^{-4}\) \\ CESCA & \(3.1011\times 10^{3}\) & \(1.1310\times 10^{2}\) & \(2.6559\times 10^{3}\) & \(2.1852\times 10^{1}\) \\ CGPSO & \(2.5000\times 10^{3}\) & \(1.6453\times 10^{-3}\) & \(2.6000\times 10^{3}\) & \(1.2108\times 10^{-2}\) \\ ALCPSO & \(2.6153\times 10^{3}\) & \(2.6885\times 10^{-2}\) & \(2.6317\times 10^{3}\) & \(1.2483\times 10^{1}\) \\ GL25 & \(2.6152\times 10^{3}\) & \(5.4858\times 10^{-11}\) & \(2.6348\times 10^{3}\) & \(7.6871\times 10^{0}\) \\ DECLS & \(2.5000\times 10^{3}\) & \(1.5125\times 10^{-3}\) & \(2.6000\times 10^{3}\) & \(1.1092\times 10^{-2}\) \\ DE & \(2.6152\times 10^{3}\) & \(1.3876\times 10^{-12}\) & \(2.6266\times 10^{3}\) & \(2.9836\times 10^{0}\) \\ GWO & \(2.6348\times 10^{3}\) & \(8.6286\times 10^{0}\) & \(2.6000\times 10^{3}\) & \(6.9708\times 10^{-4}\) \\ BOA & \(\mathbf{2.5000\times 10^{3}}\) & \(\mathbf{0.0000\times 10^{0}}\) & \(\mathbf{2.6000\times 10^{3}}\) & \(\mathbf{4.9958\times 10^{-13}}\) \\ \hline \multicolumn{5}{c}{F25} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{F26} \\ \cline{2-5}  & Avg & Std & Avg & Std \\ \hline CBBOA & \(\mathbf{2.7000\times 10^{3}}\) & \(\mathbf{0.0000\times 10^{0}}\) & \(2.7568\times 10^{3}\) & \(5.0205\times 10^{1}\) \\ BMWOA & \(2.7000\times 10^{3}\) & \(7.5052\times 10^{-3}\) & \(2.7006\times 10^{3}\) & \(1.4230\times 10^{-1}\) \\ ACWOA & \(\mathbf{2.7000\times 10^{3}}\) & \(\mathbf{0.0000\times 10^{0}}\) & \(2.7570\times 10^{3}\) & \(5.0001\times 10^{1}\) \\ COSCA & \(\mathbf{2.7000\times 10^{3}}\) & \(\mathbf{0.0000\times 10^{0}}\) & \(2.7535\times 10^{3}\) & \(5.0524\times 10^{1}\) \\ CESCA & \(2.7173\times 10^{3}\) & \(7.7569\times 10^{0}\) & \(2.7126\times 10^{3}\) & \(1.3655\times 10^{0}\) \\ CGPSO & \(2.7000\times 10^{3}\) & \(4.5423\times 10^{-5}\) & \(2.7900\times 10^{3}\) & \(3.0386\times 10^{1}\) \\ ALCPSO & \(2.7112\times 10^{3}\) & \(3.5602\times 10^{0}\) & \(2.7659\times 10^{3}\) & \(8.0123\times 10^{1}\) \\ GL25 & \(2.7149\times 10^{3}\) & \(3.2778\times 10^{0}\) & \(2.7470\times 10^{3}\) & \(5.0602\times 10^{1}\) \\ DECLS & \(2.7000\times 10^{3}\) & \(2.8374\times 10^{-5}\) & \(\mathbf{2.7003\times 10^{3}}\) & \(\mathbf{6.4985\times 10^{-2}}\) \\ DE & \(2.7070\times 10^{3}\) & \(1.0605\times 10^{0}\) & \(2.7003\times 10^{3}\) & \(3.7748\times 10^{-2}\) \\ GWO & \(2.7093\times 10^{3}\) & \(4.8242\times 10^{0}\) & \(2.7635\times 10^{3}\) & \(4.8781\times 10^{1}\) \\ BOA & \(\mathbf{2.7000\times 10^{3}}\) & \(\mathbf{0.0000\times 10^{0}}\) & \(2.7710\times 10^{3}\) & \(3.9722\times 10^{1}\) \\ \hline \multicolumn{5}{c}{F27} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{F28} \\ \cline{2-5}  & Avg & Std & Avg & Std \\ \hline CBBOA & \(3.2793\times 10^{3}\) & \(1.4039\times 10^{2}\) & \(3.8798\times 10^{3}\) & \(1.9790\times 10^{2}\) \\ BMWOA & \(\mathbf{2.9001\times 10^{3}}\) & \(\mathbf{1.6129\times 10^{-1}}\) & \(3.0002\times 10^{3}\) & \(2.0453\times 10^{-1}\) \\ ACWOA & \(3.7057\times 10^{3}\) & \(3.4813\times 10^{2}\) & \(3.6620\times 10^{3}\) & \(1.0791\times 10^{3}\) \\ COSCA & \(2.9168\times 10^{3}\) & \(6.4131\times 10^{1}\) & \(\mathbf{3.0000\times 10^{3}}\) & \(\mathbf{0.0000\times 10^{0}}\) \\ CESCA & \(3.9890\times 10^{3}\) & \(1.7575\times 10^{2}\) & \(5.4311\times 10^{3}\) & \(3.3799\times 10^{2}\) \\ CGPSO & \(2.9750\times 10^{3}\) & \(1.8597\times 10^{2}\) & \(3.1379\times 10^{3}\) & \(7.5511\times 10^{2}\) \\ ALCPSO & \(3.4654\times 10^{3}\) & \(2.3066\times 10^{2}\) & \(4.3818\times 10^{3}\) & \(4.7586\times 10^{2}\) \\ GL25 & \(3.2986\times 10^{3}\) & \(1.1776\times 10^{2}\) & \(4.0664\times 10^{3}\) & \(2.1919\times 10^{2}\) \\ DECLS & \(3.0343\times 10^{3}\) & \(1.8568\times 10^{2}\) & \(3.0442\times 10^{3}\) & \(1.6814\times 10^{2}\) \\ DE & \(3.2247\times 10^{3}\) & \(1.0311\times 10^{2}\) & \(3.6416\times 10^{3}\) & \(2.4955\times 10^{1}\) \\ GWO & \(3.3653\times 10^{3}\) & \(1.2923\times 10^{2}\) & \(3.9109\times 10^{3}\) & \(2.0234\times 10^{2}\) \\ BOA & \(3.2618\times 10^