# Biological Effects of High-Voltage Electric Field Treatment of Naked Oat Seeds  
[PERSON]  
1 College of Science, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, China; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (W.X.); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (X.L.); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (C.D.); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Z.C.)  
[PERSON]  
1 College of Science, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, China; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (W.X.); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (X.L.); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (C.D.); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Z.C.)  
[PERSON]  
1 College of Science, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, China; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (W.X.); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (X.L.); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (C.D.); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Z.C.)  
[PERSON]  
1 College of Science, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, China; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (W.X.); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (X.L.); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (C.D.); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Z.C.)  
[PERSON]  
1 College of Science, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, China; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (W.X.); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (X.L.); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (C.D.); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Z.C.)  
[PERSON]  
2 Inner Mongolia Shuangqi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hohhot 010010, China; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] 22 [EMAIL_ADDRESS]; Tel.: +86-471-657-58632232  
thawed frozen pork, tuna, shrimp and tofu, and found that HVEF thawing has many advantages [2; 3; 4; 5] such as reduced thawing time, food quality preservation, microbial growth inhibition, reduced energy consumption and so on. It was also found that the drying speed and quality of tomato, carrot, sea cucumber, mushroom and potato chips were greatly improved by multi-needle-plate HVEF compared with the control [6; 7; 8; 9; 10], which was caused by the synergistic effect of ion wind and the non-uniform electric field. Ion wind had a greater influence on the drying characteristic parameters, and the non-uniform electric field had a greater influence on the quality parameters under the drying process [11]. It has been found that HVEF can promote the formation of callus and obtain highly efficient and high-yielding mutant bacteria [12], and that HVEF biotechnology is a new type of physical mutagenesis technology with the advantages of a simple device, obvious biological effects, environmental friendliness, etc., and obtained Chinese patent authorization [12; 13]. The biological effect of the HVEF is generated by the synergistic combination of various factors. The analysis of the physical essential characteristics of the HVEF shows that the two main factors can affect the organism, one is the high-voltage non-uniform electric field, and the other is the discharge plasma. However, the role or contribution rate of these two physical factors has not been clarified.  
Studies have shown that discharge plasma can increase the germination, growth and yield of various plant seeds such as pea, wheat, tomato and _Andrographis paniculata_[14; 15; 16; 17], it can improve the hydrophilicity of the surface of soybean seeds, thereby increasing the germination speed of seeds [18], it etches the wheat seed coat, which leads to an increase in water absorption capacity [19], it can reduce the apparent contact angle of _Erythrina velutina_ (mulungu) seeds and change the hydrophilicity of seeds [20]. The interaction between HVEF and an organism is very complex, in order to explore the role and contribution rate of the two factors in HVEF, when naked oat seeds were treated, one group was exposed directly, the other group was covered with a petri dish cover (blocking the influence of ion wind, the result can be approximated by the electric field single factor effect). The biological effects mechanism of HVEF was discussed by analyzing the changes of hydrophilicity, germination and reactive oxygen species (ROS) content, seed coat microstructure and Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) of seeds in different treatment groups.