## 2 The Concept and Design: The Function Design of the CBTC System
### The Function Design of the CBTC System for the Solutions to the Practical Problems
#### 2.2.3 Monitoring and Control: The Real-Time Monitoring Problem  
The real-time monitoring of the transport units is the biggest problem in intelligent underground mines. If the real-time monitoring of the transport units can be realized, it will be greatly beneficial to the mining industry--for example, the monitoring of mine accidents and the search and rescue of personnel. In 2012, [PERSON] and [PERSON] [36] researched the intelligent track positioning system so as to solve the problem of the mine accident rescue, and they thought if the monitoring and tracking functions would be realized, the mining industry will enter a new stage of rapid development. As the core of the CBTC system, AI Computing ATS system is divided into linear, centralized control, centralized monitoring, and decentralized control, which is used to realize the real-time monitoring, unified dispatching and management of transport units. In 2016, [PERSON] [37] raised his prospect of the NGTC (Next-Generation Train Control) project, combining the CBTC (Communication Based Train Control) system with the ETCS (European Train Control System) system. He thought that most subsystems of the CBTC system should be replaced, but only the ATS system should remain because of its advanced supervision function. In urban above-ground transportation, ATS system functions include train monitoring and tracking, train time and operation management, automatic train routing, and automatic train adjustment, as shown in Figure 3 above. In 2010, [PERSON] et al. [38] made great achievements in the research of the Wireless Mobile Monitoring System for Tram Rail Transport in an Underground Mine, but they considered there was still a large amount of problems to be solved regarding the real-time monitoring and control of underground mines. In the year 2015, [PERSON] et al. [39] tried to solve the problems of real-time monitoring and control of underground mines; they thought there were four main problems in the real-time monitoring of underground mines: (1) the real-time monitoring of the transport units; (2) the start-up time control of the transport units; (3) the route adjustment of the transport units; and (4) transport units tracking. _A. The real-time monitoring of the transport units_  
It is necessary to monitor and control the transport units in real time because of the intricacies of the underground rail traffic; meanwhile, the identification of the transport units is also essential. Firstly, each transport unit is required to be numbered, and a signal transmitting device that can be recognized by the number of recognition sensors on the track is arranged on each transport unit. Identification information is transmitted to the ATS on-board extension via an optical cable and compared with the transport unit number in the number  
Figure 5: The function and working principle of the ATO system and ATP system efficiency adjustment function of the intelligent underground mine. database. If the transport unit number recognized by the ATS system does not match the information in the number database, three possibilities of the error are automatically identified: (1) manually modified information; (2) wrong number; or (3) lost number. In the case of manually modified information, the system retains the current transport unit number; otherwise, the system re-assigns a new number to the current transport unit. The Number Recognition and Repair Function is shown in Figure 6.  
In 2018, [PERSON] and [PERSON] [40] combined Internet of Things technology with an ATS system using sensors on the track to monitor the train in real time. In addition, the number recognition sensors scattered throughout the track not only have the transport unit identification function but also transmit the position information of each train to the ATS system in real time.