## 3 Results
### Pull-Off Phase
#### 3.1.2 Kinetics  
The results for the kinetics in our study indicated that significant differences in knee flexion moments were observed under peak ground reaction force conditions with different stiffness knee braces (\(p\) = 0.004) (Table 3). No significant differences were found in the adduction moments or rotation moments. Since knee flexion is the predominant motion throughout the entire movement, this study focused on analyzing the work performed by the knee joint during flexion. The results indicate significant differences in knee flexion work when wearing knee braces of different stiffness levels. The highest negative work was observed with the high-stiffness knee brace. No significant differences were found in the positive work between the low-stiffness and high-stiffness knee braces (Table 3). The no-stiffness knee brace resulted in the greatest positive work. Furthermore, significant differences in knee joint contact forces \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline
**Variables** & & **No Stiffness** & **Low Stiffness** & **High Stiffness** & \(p\) & **F** \\ \hline ROM (\({}^{\circ}\)) & sagittal & 100.83 (2.84) & 107.05 (4.83) \# & 107.27 (5.12) \({}^{\circ}\) & **0.007** & 6.256 \\  & frontal & 20.52 (1.30) & 13.34 (0.75) \# & 12.96 (1.91) \({}^{\circ}\) & **0.001** & 8.305 \\  & horizontal & 22.24 (1.12) & 22.16 (1.23) \({}^{\ast}\) & 19.87 (1.91) \({}^{\circ}\) & **0.003** & 7.601 \\ Moment (Nm/kg) & flexion & \(-\)0.62 (1.82) & 1.16 (2.51) & \(-\)2.68 (3.28) & **0.004** & 5.353 \\  & adduction & 0.11 (0.32) & 0.07 (0.23) & 0.04 (0.25) & **0.100** & 2.182 \\  & external & \(-\)0.25 (0.29) & 0.97 (2.77) & 0.76 (0.88) & **0.004** & 5.993 \\ \hline Lcp & & & & & & \\ IC Angle (\({}^{\circ}\)) & flexion & \(-\)11.12 (1.58) & \(-\)15.1 (2.82) \# & \(-\)14.4 (2.79) \({}^{\circ}\) & **0.001** & 2.351 \\  & adduction & 6.39 (1.54) & 5.18 (1.53) \# & 5.12 (1.53) \({}^{\circ}\) & **0.006** & 5.500 \\  & external rotation & \(-\)4.32 (5.48) & \(-\)6.17 (3.11) \# & \(-\)6.25 (2.55) \({}^{\circ}\) & 0.176 & 1.773 \\ Max Angle (\({}^{\circ}\)) & flexion angle & \(-\)93.43 (5.68) & \(-\)98.56 (8.31) \# & \(-\)99.74 (10.33) \({}^{\circ}\) & **0.001** & 10.93 \\  & adduction & 6.17 (1.32) & 6.06 (0.84) & 5.91 (4.01) & 0.067 & 2.886 \\  & internal rotation & 19.91 (2.25) & 17.04 (1.53) \# & 16.11 (1.31) \({}^{\circ}\) & **0.001** & 13.490 \\ ROM (\({}^{\circ}\)) & sagittal & 58.50 (5.46) & 67.12 (8.43) \# & 68.65 (10.07) \({}^{\circ}\) & **0.022** & 4.439 \\  & frontal & 15.41 (1.93) & 8.49 (1.64) \# & 9.09 (0.93) \({}^{\circ}\) & **0.001** & 6.004 \\ Moment (Nm/kg) & horizontal & 8.34 (3.31) & 6.28 (2.15) & 6.85 (2.43) & 0.223 & 1.587 \\  & flexion & 1.22 (1.86) & \(-\)0.15 (0.40) & 0.99 (0.62) \({}^{\circ}\) & 0.941 & 0.133 \\  & adduction & 1.15 (0.84) & \(-\)1.78 (2.85) \# & \(-\)1.47 (2.59) \({}^{\circ}\) & **0.048** & 3.211 \\  & external rotation & 0.88 (1.01) & 0.14 (1.60) \# & 0.09 (1.06) \({}^{\circ}\) & **0.001** & 7.458 \\ \hline \end{tabular} Note: The bold represent significant differences, with \(p\) < 0.05. “#” represents the interaction effect between no and low. “\({}^{\ast}\)” represents the interaction effect between no and high. “\({}^{\ast}\)” represents the interaction effect between low and high.  
\end{table} 
Table 2: _Cont._