## 3 Results and Discussion
### Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC)  
The antimicrobial activities of three Artemisia herba-alba essential oils were evaluated against bacteria, molds, and wood rot fungi, and are illustrated in Tables 4 and 5. As can be noted in this finding, all tested essential oils present important antibacterial and antifungal effects. Indeed, the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranged from 0.1 to 0.03% (\(v/v\)) against bacteria. The essential oil harvested in September exhibits the highest antibacterial effect against all bacterial strains studied, with an MIC value of 0.03% (\(v/v\)), except for _M. luteus_. Moreover, _S. aureus_ and _E. coli_ were the most sensitive bacterial strains for all essential oils tested. Concerning the two molds (_P. digitatum_ and _A. niger_), an interesting sensitivity has been shown toward the two essential oils collected in September and June, inhibited by MIC values of 0.03: 0.2% (\(v/v\)) and 0.1, 0.03% (\(v/v\)) respectively. Meanwhile, in the case of _P. expansum_, great resistance has been manifested toward two essential oils tested, except that from March, which recorded an MIC value of 0.1% (\(v/v\)). Regarding the wood rot fungi, the essential oil harvest in June exhibited an interesting antifungal activity, followed by those of March and September. It could be noted that _C. versicolor_ is the most sensitive to all essential oils tested, with the same MIC value of \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Concentration**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**\% (\(v/v\))**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**1**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**0.4**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**0.2**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**0.1**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**0.05**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**0.03**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**0.02**} \\ \hline
**Harvest Period** & **M** & **J** & **S** & **M** & **J** & **S** & **M** & **J** & **S** & **M** & **J** & **S** & **M** & **J** & **S** & **M** & **J** & **S** & **M** & **J** & **S** \\ \hline \multicolumn{11}{c}{Bacteria} \\ _E. coli_ & \(-\) & \(-\) & \(-\) & \(-\) & \(-\) & \(-\) & \(-\) & \(-\) & \(-\) & \(-\) & \(-\) & \(-\) & \(-\) & \(-\) & \(-\) & \(-\) & \(-\) & \(+\) & \(+\) & \(+\) & \(+\) \\ _B. subtilis_ & \(-\) & \(-\) & \(-\) & \(-\) & \(-\) & \(-\) & \(-\) & \(-\) & \(-\) & \(-\) & \(-\) & \(-\) & \(-\) & \(-\) & \(+\) & \(-\) & \(+\) & \(-\) & \(+\) & \(+\) & \(+\) \\ _[PERSON]. aureus_ & \(-\) & \(-\) & \(-\) & \(-\) & \(-\) & \(-\) & \(-\) & \(-\) & \(-\) & \(-\) & \(-\) & \(-\) & \(-\) & \(-\) & \(-\) & \(-\) & \(-\) & \(-\) & \(-\) & \(-\) & \(+\) & \(+\) & \(+\) \\ _[PERSON]. [PERSON]_ & \(-\) & \(-\) & \(-\) & \(-\) & \(-\) & \(-\) & \(-\) & \(-\) & \(-\) & \(-\) & \(-\) & \(-\) & \(-\) & \(-\) & \(+\) & \(+\) & \(+\) & \(+\) & \(+\) & \(+\) & \(+\) & \(+\) & \(+\) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: Determination of MIC values of Artemisia herba-alba essential oil against bacteria. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Concentration**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**1**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**0.4**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**0.2**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**0.1**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**0.05**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**0.03**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**0.02**} \\ \hline
**Harvest Period** & **M** & **J** & **S** & **M** & **J** & **S** & **M** & **J** & **S** & **M** & **J** & **S** & **M** & **J** & **S** & **M** & **J** & **S** & **M** & **J** & **S** \\ \hline \multicolumn{11}{c}{Models} \\ _A. niger_ & \(-\) & \(-\) & \(-\) & \(-\) & \(-\) & \(-\) & \(-\) & \(-\) & \(-\) & \(-\) & \(+\) & \(-\) & \(-\) & \(+\) & \(-\) & \(+\) & \(+\) & \(+\) & \(+\) & \(+\) \\ _P. digitatum_ & \(-\) & \(-\) & \(-\) & \(-\) & \(-\) & \(-\) & \(-\) & \(+\) & \(-\) & \(+\) & \(-\) & \(+\) & \(+\) & \(-\) & \(+\) & \(-\) & \(+\) & \(+\) & \(-\) & \(+\) & \(+\) & \(+\) \\ _P.