# A Wideband Reflectarray Antenna for Satellite Application with Low Cross-Polarization
## 4 Conclusions  
A double-layer wideband RA antenna is proposed in this study for the Ku-band satellite application. Each unit cell is composed of a spider-shaped structure on the top layer and a circular ring with a pair of concave arms on the middle layer. A wide range of linear phase variation of 800\({}^{\circ}\) is offered by the unit cell. The performance of the proposed RA antenna is verified through measurement and simulation results. The RA offers a 3 dB GBW almost constant around 32.2%. The maximum gain of RA 31 dBi with an aperture efficiency of 42% is achieved and the measured x-pol level is 40 dBi lower than the co-pol level. Thus, the design is more suitable for high-gain satellite applications.  
[PERSON], [PERSON], [PERSON], K.-Y.L., and K.C.H. contributed to conceptualization, articulation, original draft preparation, review, and the editing of the document. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
This work was supported by Institute of Information & communications Technology Planning & Evaluation (IITP) grant funded by the Korea government(MSIT) (No022-0-007040002003, Development of 3D-NET Core Technology for High-Mobility Vehicular Service  
Not applicable.  
The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript or in the decision to publish the results.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**[Ref]** & \begin{tabular}{c} **Freq.** \\ **(GHz)** \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} **Area** \\ **(\(\lambda\times\lambda\))** \\ \end{tabular} & **F/D** & \(\boldsymbol{\eta\) (\%)} & **GBW (\%)** & \begin{tabular}{c} **Co-Pol** \\ **Gain (dBi)** \\ \end{tabular} & \
\begin{tabular}{c} **X-Pol** \\ **Level (dB)** \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} **SLL (E.**, \\ **H-Plane (dB)** \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline
[3] & 10 & \(9.5\times 9.5\) & 0.79 & 51.3 & 20 (1 dB) & 26.3 & \(-26\) & \(-17\), \(-10\) \\ \hline
[6] & 13.58 & \(9.5\times 9.5\) & 1 & 60.2 & 28.1 (1 dB) & 28.35 & \(-27.5\) & \(-20\), \(-20\) \\ \hline
[7] & 13.5 & \(14.4\times 14.4\) & 0.83 & 66 & 17 (1 dB) & 30.8 & \(-27\) & \(-25\), - \\ \hline
[8] & 10 & \(9.6\times 9.6\) & 1 & 56.5 &
\begin{tabular}{c} 18 (1 dB), \\ 32 (3 dB) \\ \end{tabular} & 28.5 & \(-30\) & \(-12\), \(-18\) \\ \hline
[9] & 13.58 & \(14.7\times 14.7\) & 0.8 & - & 15.3 (1 dB) & 29.8 & \(-35\) & \(-18.8\), - \\ \hline
[11] & 10 & \(14.3\times 14.3\) & - & 39.8 & 24.2 (2 dB) & 29.17 & \(-30\) & \(-15\), - \\ \hline
[18] & 10 & \(6.9\times 6.9\) & 0.79 & 67 & 23 (1 dB) & 25.6 & \(-26\) & \(-19\), - \\ \hline
[20] & 8 & \(8\times 8\) & 1 & 55 & 35 (1 dB) & 26.5 & \(-30\) & \(-14\), - \\ \hline
[21] & 35 & \(9.3\times 9.3\) & 0.77 & – & 35 (3 dB) & 27.86 & \(-25\) & \(-17.93\), - \\ \hline Prop. & 11.725 & \(17.8\times 17.8\) & 0.765 & 41 &
\begin{tabular}{c} 32 (3 dB), \\ 25.2 (1 dB) \\ \end{tabular} & 31.2 & \(-40\) & \(-25\), \(-28\) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 1: Comparison of the RA performance with the published work.