## 3 Results
### Effects of Caryophyllane Sesquiterpenes on Other Monocytic Cells  
Monocytes are both circulating and tissue-resident blood cells, which take part in the \"mononuclear phagocyte system\", along with macrophages and dendritic cells, but differ due to their rapid recruitment towards inflamed sites [34]. Circulating and tissue-resident monocytes are also known as \"Ly6 Clow\"and \"Ly6 Chigh\" cells [29]. The first ones are patrolling monocytes and play a key role in the maintenance of endothelial integrity by removing damaged cells and debris from the vasculature, leading to a resolution of the \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline
**Caryophyllane** & **Animal Model/** & **Test Compound Dose** & **Outcome** & **References** \\
**Sesquiterpene** & **Immun Cells** & **(Administration Route)** & **Outcome** & **References** \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{} & Ehrlich ascites & \multirow{2}{*}{20 mg/kg (i.p.)} & Restoration of NK cell activity & \multirow{2}{*}{[52]} \\  & BALB/c mice/natural killer cells & & & (less potent than \(\alpha\)-HUM) & \\ \cline{2-5}  & DSS-induced colitis & 12–50 mg/kg (per os; & \(\downarrow\) infiltration in colon & [38] \\  & CDI mice/neutrophils & gavage) & & \\ \cline{2-5}  & LPS-induced paw inflammation in Wistar rats/neutrophils & 50 mg/kg (per os) & \(\downarrow\) infiltration of neutrophils & [53] \\ \cline{2-5}  & OVA-induced airway allergic inflammation BALB/c mice/eosinophils & & Lacking effects on number of eosinophils in BALF and on eosinophil peroxidase activity & [48] \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{\(\alpha\)-Humulene} & OVA-induced airway allergic inflammation BALB/c mice/te leucocytes & 1 mg/mL (aerosol) & \(\downarrow\) leucocyte counts in BALF & [48] \\ \cline{2-5}  & LPS-induced paw inflammation in Wistar rats/neutrophils & 50 mg/kg (per os) & \(\downarrow\) neutrophils infiltration & [53] \\ \cline{2-5}  & & \multirow{2}{*}{50 mg/kg (gavage) inflammation BALB/c mice/eosinophils} & \(\downarrow\) eosinophilshift, \(\downarrow\) peroxidase & \multirow{2}{*}{[48]} \\  & & & & \\ \cline{2-5}  & & \multirow{2}{*}{1 mg/mL (aerosol) activity, \(\downarrow\) CCL11, \(\downarrow\) L5 and \(\uparrow\) IFNY in BALF} & & \\ \hline \end{tabular}  
* \(\uparrow\) increase; \(\downarrow\) reduction; B16F10 melanoma cells; C57 BL/6 inbred mouse strain; LPS lipopolysaccharideaccharide; C57 BL/6 inbred mouse strain; CXCL C2-C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 2; TNF tumor necrosis factor; DSS dextran sulfate sodium; CDI cultured mice strain ; EAE experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitisitis; PGE2 prostaglandin E2; iNOS inducible nitric oxide synthase; NO nitric oxide; IL interleukin; Arg-1 arginase-1; Wistar Rats outlined albino rat; Iba-1 ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule-1; TGF transforming growth factor; GATA-3 GATA transcription factor 3; IFNY interferon-\(\gamma\); T-bet T-box transcription factor TBS21; Th T helper; CNS central nervous system; OVA ovalbumin; BALB/c mice albino, immunodedient laboratory-bred strain of the house mouse; NK natural killer; ICAM-1 intercellular adhesion molecule 1; BALF bronchoalveolar lavage fluid; CCL11 C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 11.  
\end{table} 
Table 2: _Cont._inflammation in the damaged tissues [54]. Moreover, they interact with metastatic tumor cells and counteract their viability by recruiting and activating natural killer (NK) cells [34]. By contrast, Ly6 Chigh monocytes express chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2), whose activation by CC-chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) leads to their rapid mobilization [27]. Once recruited in the peripheral tissues, the Ly6 Chigh monocytes can not only act as precursors of tissue-resident macrophages but can also differentiate into functionally distinct monocyte-derived cells, acquiring inflammatory effector functions and regulatory properties in order to promote tissue repair [27; 29; 34].