## 2 Results and Discussion
### Wine Analysis  
All of the measured chiral monoterenes were found in 12 white wines except for 5, 9 and 10. P refers to Pinot Gris wines and R refers to Riesling wines. The concentrations of all the compounds \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Standards**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Injector Temperature (\({}^{\circ}\)C)**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Extraction Temperature (\({}^{\circ}\)C)**} \\ \cline{2-6}  & **200** & **230** & **250** & **40** & **60** \\ \hline
20 & 91.5 & 94.2 & 93.8 & 94.9 & 93.8 \\
14 & 97.1 & 97.9 & 97.9 & 98.7 & 97.9 \\
21 & 98.5 & 100.0 & 99.9 & 100.0 & 99.9 \\
4 & 100.0 & 100.0 & 100.0 & 100.0 & 100.0 \\
2 & 88.7 & 85.8 & 89.5 & 89.6 & 89.5 \\
6 & 15.8 & 15.4 & 14.5 & 14.3 & 14.5 \\
8 & 69.0 & 62.8 & 64.7 & 64.5 & 64.7 \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Average variation (peak area ratio) of seven monoterenes standards based on injection and extraction temperature. detected in investigated wines, except 14 and 16, were below perception threshold detected in air or ethanol solutions (Table 4). ANOVA with Tukey multiple comparisons showed significant differences for all of the detected chiral compounds. 7, 8, 12, 18 and 20 were detected in all 12 white wines. Compound 21 was not detectable in R2 wine. 14 and 16 were found in all six Riesling wines and three Pinot Gris wines. Interestingly, 5 and 11 were only detected in five and six wines respectively. The presence of only one rose oxide isomer (5) is consistent with another report of (-)-_cis_-rose oxide present at high enantiomeric excess in grape musts [4]. These results suggest that the profile of chiral mono-terpenes may have the potential to differentiate diverse wines. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multicolumn{2}{c}{**(2) _S_-(–)-limonene (_p_ < 0.0001)} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**(4) _R_-(+)-limonene (_p_ < 0.0001)} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**(5) Rose Oxide Isomer (_p_ < 0.0001)} \\ \hline
**Wine** & **Conc (ng/L)** & **Conf. Int. *** & **Wine** & **Conc (ng/L)** & **Conf. Int. *** & **Wine** & **Conc (ng/L)** & **Conf. Int. *** \\ \hline R6 & 11.88 & A & R6 & 10.94 & A & P6 & 0.33 & A \\ R4 & 10.56 & AB & R4 & 9.1 & AB & R5 & 0.3 & A \\ R3 & 9.19 & AB & R3 & 8.22 & AB & R4 & 0.11 & AB \\ R5 & 8.61 & AB & R5 & 7.24 & AB & P5 & 0.02 & AB \\ R1 & 4.29 & ABC & R1 & 3.62 & ABC & P1 & 0.02 & AB \\ R2 & 2.79 & ABCD & P5 & 1.71 & ABCD & P2 & nd & AB \\ P5 & 2.33 & ABCD & P6 & 1.39 & ABCD & P3 & nd & AB \\ P6 & 2.19 & ABCD & P1 & 1.29 & ABCD & P4 & nd & AB \\ P1 & 1.57 & ABCD & P2 & 0.75 & ABCD & R1 & nd & AB \\ P2 & 0.83 & ABCD & R2 & 0.21 & ABCD & R2 & nd & AB \\ P3 & nd & ABCD & P4 & nd & ABCD & R3 & nd & AB \\ P4 & nd & ABCD & P3 & nd & ABCD & R6 & nd & AB \\ \hline \multicolumn{2}{c}{**(11) Linalool Oxide Isomer (_p_ < 0.001)**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**(11) Linalool Oxide Isomer (_p_ < 0.001)**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**(12) Linalool Oxide Isomer (_p_ = 0.000)**} \\ \hline
**Wine** & **Conc (ng/L)** & **Conf. Int. *** & **Wine** & **Conc (ng/L)** & **Conf. Int. *** & **Wine** & **Conc (ng/L)** & **Conf. Int. *** \\ \hline R5 & 44.3 & A & R5 & 34.28 & A & R5 & 14.42 & A \\ R2 & 42.69 & AB & R2 & 22.25 & AB & R4 & 6.7 & AB \\ R4 & 34.5 & ABC & R1 & 20.03 & AB & P5 & 5.06 & B \\ R1 & 29.01 & ABC & R4 & 18.28 & AB & R1 & 4.2 & B \\ R3 & 25.42 & ABC & R3 & 16.17 & B & P6 & 4.05 & B \\ P1 & 9.85 & BC & R6 & 13.62 & B & P4 & 3.4 & B \\ P4 & 9.73 & BC & P4 & 10.66 & B & P1 & nd & B \\ P3 & 9.69 & BC & P3 & 9.89 & B & P2 & nd & B \\ P6 & 8.9 & BC & P5 & 9.78 & B & P3 & nd & B \\ R6 & 8.37 & C & P1 & 9.25 & B & R2 & nd & B \\ P5 & 4.99 & C & P6 & 8.58 & B & R3 & nd & B \\ P2 & 4.69 & C & P2 & 7.61 & B & R6 & nd & B \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: Multiple Comparisons (Tukey) of the average concentration of 12 chiral monoterpenes for 12 white wines. PCA of the chiral monoterpenes showed a clear separation between the Riesling and Pinot Gris wines, with Riesling wines containing more chiral terpenes than Pinot Gris wines (Figure 2).