## 6 Results and Conclusions  
Studying the influencing factors of formation pressure with the clue of formation water permeability, the following results are obtained:  
1. The formation pressure coefficient depends on the permeability of formation water and is positively correlated with the velocity of tectonic movement. The faster the tectonic movement in the Neogene or Quaternary, the more prone to overpressure, while slow tectonic movement in the Cenozoic is dominated by normal or low pressure.
2. Compared to pore space, the space vacated by overpressure to normal pressure or the space squeezed is small, less than an order of magnitude observed as abnormally high porosity (5-17%) attributed to undercompaction.
3. Physical simulation experiments or numerical simulations of hydrocarbon generation and pressurization are conducted in a completely closed state, accelerating the process of compaction, diagenesis, and hydrocarbon generation faster than the escape rate of formation water, which does not represent real underground geological conditions. Under actual formation conditions, most tectonic activities and hydrocarbon generation processes occur on a time scale that is an order of magnitude larger than the escape rate of formation water. There is no direct correlation between overpressured compartments and the presence of hydrocarbons. The conclusion is as follows: 1. The pressure state of the stratum mainly depends on the mode and intensity of tectonic activity in the late Cenozoic era. Both rapid uplift and rapid subsidence during the late Cenozoic can produce overpressure phenomena, while prolonged slow uplift or neither uplift nor depositional subsidence will result in normal or low pressure. 2. There is a positive correlation between the recent tectonic movement's velocity of ascent and descent and the pressure coefficient.  
Figure 8: Relationship between tectonic movement velocity and overpressure.  
3. Four models of stratum pressure are proposed, i.e., active overpressure model of rapid subsidence (Nanpu Model), passive overpressure model of rapid uplift (Sichuan Model), long-term static normal pressure model (Songliao Model), and large uplift with small subsidence low pressure model (Sulige Model). These models can determine the stratum pressure state within a unified theoretical framework.
4. A method for calculating the amount of denudation using the characteristics of formation water pressure relief, as well as a method for calculating the maximum height of tectonic uplift, are proposed.
5. Other hypotheses for the causes of overpressure, such as undercompaction, tectonic compression, and hydrocarbon generation pressurization, may exist. However, their impact on overpressure is not significant.  
This article will help us gain a new perspective on the concept of overpressure formation mechanisms related to sedimentology and petroleum geology.  
Writing--original draft preparation, X.M.; writing--review and editing, S.L.; visualization, X.C.; supervision, X.L. and F.Y.; project administration, Y.Y. and Z.L.; funding acquisition, Y.Y. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
This research received no external funding.  
Not applicable.  
No new data were created or analyzed in this study. Data sharing is not applicable to this article.  
The authors acknowledge anonymous reviewers for their assistance.  
The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.