## 3 Results  
As a result, the produced PV suitability map was classified into main classes ranging from 1 to 5 based on the suitability degree. According to Figure 4, areas with a suitability degree between 1 and 2.9 are unsuitable, while areas with a value above 3.9 are highly suitable for PV farm installation. The suitability map values range from 0.9 to 3.3 for low suitable, 3.3 to 3.6 for suitable, and 3.6 to 3.9 for moderately suitable. Figure 5 illustrates the spatial distribution of these suitability categories within Gaziantep. The identification of suitable areas for PV farms in Gaziantep involved the evaluation of multiple parameters, resulting in classification of land into five categories, ranging from unsuitable to highly suitable. As a result of the analysis, the spatial values for each category of suitability were calculated. Table 6 provides detailed information on the area classifications for PV farm suitability in Gaziantep. Approximately 5% of the city's area was categorized as unsuitable for PV farms, and around 16% was classified as of low suitability, while 30% was considered to be highly suitable (Figure 3). \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**Suitability Classes** & **Area (\%)** & **Area (km2)** \\ \hline Unsuitable & 5 & 323.7 \\ \hline Low Suitable & 16 & 1048.5 \\ \hline Suitable & 30 & 1947.8 \\ \hline Moderately Suitable & 34 & 2217.5 \\ \hline High Suitable & 15 & 978.0 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 6: Area of suitability classes. Figure 5: Example of existing PV installations on suitability map. Approximately 80% of Gaziantep's land area was identified as potentially suitable for PV farms. This high percentage underscores the region's significant potential for solar energy projects. Approximately 20% of the land categorized as of low suitability or being unsuitable for PV farm installation was predominantly located in the western part of the city. These areas were characterized by factors such as less favorable topography, lower global horizontal irradiation levels, or proximity to geological risks, which reduce their viability for solar energy projects. An area of 323.7 km\({}^{2}\) was identified as entirely unsuitable for PV farms, while a significantly larger area of approximately 978.0 km\({}^{2}\) was classified as highly suitable. This indicates that the highly suitable regions were roughly three times the size of the unsuitable areas, highlighting the substantial potential for solar energy development in Gaziantep. Particularly, the southern and northeast parts of the city stand out as areas with the most potential due to their location and climatic conditions. The analysis highlights that the western regions of the city contain the unsuitable and low suitability areas for PV farms due to the distance from fault lines, slope conditions, and high global horizontal irradiation. Although the western part of Gaziantep has advantages in terms of slope and wind speed compared to other regions, it has fewer suitable areas for PV farms. This was primarily due to its proximity to fault lines and lower global horizontal irradiation values relative to other areas. These factors limited the suitability of this region for solar energy projects, despite its favorable topographical and wind conditions. This observation underscores the importance of integrating multiple criteria, including both locational and climatic factors, in the evaluation of potential PV farm sites. Also, it can be observed that areas close to the city center, as well as regions to the north, east, and west of the center, were generally of low suitability for PV farms. This was likely due to a combination of urban land use, limited open spaces, and potentially less favorable topographical or environmental factors. Conversely, the southern parts of the center stand out with a majority of the area classified as moderately or highly suitable for PV farms.