## 2 Research Area and Data
### Hyperspectral Data Source for the Research Area
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline No. & Name & Train. & Val. & Test. \\ \hline
1 & Dense Urban Fabric & 14 & 15 & 259 \\
2 & Mineral Extraction Sites & 3 & 4 & 60 \\
3 & Non Irrigated Arable Land & 27 & 27 & 488 \\
4 & Fruit Trees & 4 & 4 & 71 \\
5 & Olive Groves & 70 & 70 & 1261 \\
6 & Broad-leaved Forest & 11 & 11 & 201 \\
7 & Coniferous Forest & 25 & 25 & 450 \\
5 & Mixed Forest & 54 & 53 & 965 \\
9 & Dense Sclerophyllous Vegetation & 190 & 189 & 3414 \\
10 & Sparce Sclerophyllous Vegetation & 140 & 140 & 2523 \\
11 & Sparcely Vegetated Areas & 21 & 20 & 363 \\
12 & Rocks and Sand & 24 & 25 & 438 \\ Water & 69 & 70 & 1254 \\
14 & Coastal Water & 23 & 22 & 406 \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Detailed division of label samples in the HyRANK-Loukia dataset. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline No. & Name & Train. & Val. & Test. \\ \hline
1 & Asphalt & 331 & 332 & 5568 \\
2 & Meadows & 932 & 933 & 16,784 \\
3 & Gravel & 105 & 105 & 1889 \\
4 & Trees & 153 & 153 & 2758 \\
5 & Painted metal sheets & 67 & 67 & 1211 \\
6 & Bare Soil & 251 & 252 & 4526 \\
7 & Bitumen & 67 & 66 & 1197 \\
8 & Self-Blocking Bricks & 184 & 184 & 3314 \\
9 & Shadows & 48 & 47 & 852 \\ \hline \hline Total & 2138 & 2139 & 38,099 \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Detailed breakdown of the labeled sample distribution for the Pavia University dataset. (4) WHU-Hi-HongHu: The WHU-Hi-HongHu dataset was gathered between 16:23 and 17:37 on 20 November 2017, in Honghu, Hubei Province, China. The collection utilized a DJI Matrice 600 Pro drone equipped with a 17 mm focal length Headwall Nano-Hyperspec sensor. The sky was overcast during the imaging, with an ambient temperature of roughly 8 \({}^{\circ}\)C and a relative humidity of around 55%. The dataset encompasses a diverse agricultural landscape with multiple crop types, including distinct varieties of Chinese cabbage/cabbage and Brassica rapa/Brassica oleracea. The drone flight altitude was set at 100 m, resulting in images with a resolution of 940 by 475 pixels and comprising 270 spectral bands from 400 to 1000 nm. The spatial resolution of the captured hyperspectral imagery is about 0.043 m. This dataset is shown in Table 4 below. (5) WHU-Hi-HanChuan: The WHU-Hi-HanChuan dataset was gathered between 17:57 and 18:46 on 17 June 2016, in Hanchuan, Hubei Province, China. The collection employed a Leica Aibot X6 drone platform V1 fitted with a 17 mm focal length Headwall Nano-Hyperspec sensor. The weather conditions during the imaging session were sunny, with a temperature of around 30 \({}^{\circ}\)C and a relative humidity of roughly 70%. The research area consisted of a mixed peri-urban environment with structures, aquatic bodies, and agricultural fields, harboring seven crop varieties: strawberries, cowpeas, soybeans, sorghum, water spinach, watermelons, and leafy greens. The drone was operated at a height of 250 m, yielding images with a size of 1217 by 303 pixels and encompassing 274 spectral bands spanning 400 to 1000 nm. The spatial resolution of the hyperspectral imagery captured by the drone was about 0.109 m. Of note, the WHU-Hi-HanChuan dataset features numerous shadowed regions in the images due to the low solar elevation angle typical of the afternoon collection time. This dataset is shown in Table 5 below.