## 7 Conclusions  
Currently, many environmental issues affect the equilibrium and the safety of the globe, especially AP and climate change. Thus, RS techniques play an indispensable role in AQ monitoring and climate change supervision. Although, data collected by satellite sensors are tricky, have a large size, and have high velocity. Accordingly, the RS data are BD according to the eight V salient (8 Vs) of BD. Such data processing is very challenging and exceeds the capacity of current systems and architectures. For this aim, we proposed the SAT-Hadoop-Processor software, which pre-processes a huge volume of RS data from various satellites and sensors with diverse configurations. The developed software works as an ETL, allowing practical pre-processing of satellite data, including a daily storage improvement of 86% and an RS data cleansing of up to \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Feature/Study** & \begin{tabular}{c} **SAT-Hadoop-** \\ **Processor** \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} **SAT-ETL-Integrator** \\ [21] \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} **[16]** \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} [17] \\ \end{tabular} & \
\begin{tabular}{c} [18] \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} [19] \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline Input format & NetCDF, HDFS, BUFR, GRIB, BIN & HDFS & Images & Images & Stream \\ Sources (Sensors) & & 25 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 \\ Size & & 55 GB & 50 MB & 687 GB & 9.5 GB & 11 TB \\ Processing mode & & Batch & Batch & Batch & Streaming \\ Architecture & Distributed & Single & Distributed & Distributed & Distributed & Distributed \\ Technologies/Tools & ETL, Hadoop & ETL & Hadoop & Hadoop & Hadoop & Hadoop \\ Cloud technology & OpenStack & No & No & Yes & Yes & No \\ Parallel & Yes & No & No & Yes & Yes & Yes \\ computing & & Java, Python, Bash & MPI & MR, Spark & MR, Spark & MR, Spark \\ Languages & & \textasci{-}30 min & \textasci{-}9 h & \textasci{-}10 min & Few hours & 16 min & \textasci{-}135 h \\ Used RAM (GB) & 128 & 16 & - & 576 & 160 & 160 \\ Used CPU & 32 & 5 & - & 288 & 80 & 80 \\ Output type & CSV & CSV & Stream & Raw data & Images & Image \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 6: Comparison with related works. 20%. Besides, this software is compatible with parallel processing in a cloud platform, such as IaaS. The parallel running mode optimized the execution period 20 times. This gain can be amplified by adding more hardware capacities to the cluster. As a result, the developed solution enables NRT RSBD pre-processing to preserve its freshness. Finally, the established solution integrated the Hadoop framework's ingested data for extra processing and analysis using MR and Spark tools. In subsequent work, we aim to work in the following directions. First, we plan to optimize the SAT-Hadoop-Processor to support satellite images (pixels) from optical sensors onboard Landsat and Sentinel. In addition, we hope to apply and test this software on different EO applications, such as natural hazard prediction, vegetation, and climate change monitoring. As a perspective, we also want to develop smart AI algorithms based on MR, allowing RSBD cleaning, interpolating, fusing, and validating. Applying some meteorological models for data prediction to help decision-makers is also an interesting work to conduct. The following are available online at [[https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3](https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3)]([https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3](https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3)) 390/app112210610/s1, Supplementary Material File: SAT-Hadoop-Processor-Supplementary-Materials. Conceptualization, B.-E.B.S. and F.F. ; methodology, B.-E.B.S. and F.F. ; software, B.-E.B.S. ; validation, B.-E.B.S. ; formal analysis, B.-E.B.S. ; investigation, B.-E.B.S. and F.F. ; resources, B.-E.B.S. and F.F. ; data curation, B.-E.B.S. ; writing--original draft preparation, B.-E.B.S. and F.F. ; writing--review and editing, B.-E.B.S. and F.F. ; visualization, B.-E.B.S. ; supervision, F.F. ; project administration, B.-E.B.S. and F.F. ; funding acquisition, B.-E.B.S. and F.F.