## 2 Literature Review
### Review of Global BIM Guides
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{p{56.9 pt} p{284.5 pt} p{284.5 pt}} \hline \hline
**Country** & **Guide Name** & **Major Contents** \\ \hline USA & [20] & Focuses on the organizational level of BIM planning for facility owners, and defines procedures to develop strategy, organizational execution, and procurement level plans; also presents the process of owners’ BIM project procurement planning. \\ \cline{2-3}  & [21] & Outlines for the project owners how to develop and implement requirements for the application of BIM, and explains how to include these requirements in contracts to plan, design, construct, and operate buildings. \\ \hline Singapore & [22] & Serves to start the development of a BIM execution plan for a project, specifying the roles and responsibilities of project members, and containing details with regards to the BIM deliverables. \\ \hline Germany & [23] & Describes the German BIM roadmap (BIM-Stufenplan) and summarizes the 10 guidelines developed from the pilot projects by the BIM4 INFRA2020 consortium, comprising the fundamental aspects of BIM execution for the projects. \\ \hline UK & [24] & Aims to assist FM professionals and clients by providing an EIR that can be edited and amended by the facility manager to meet the individual requirements of a project using the BIM process; defines OIR, AIR, EIR, and AIM specifically. \\ \cline{2-3}  & [25] & Delivers an international standard for managing information over the whole life of a built asset using BIM; contains the concepts and principles for the business processes across the built environment sector, closely aligned with the current UK 1192 standards. \\ \hline Australia & [26] & Represents the central reference in a suite of documents that define requirements for BIM projects in general; defines things such as uses for BIM in projects, BIM management plan content, roles and responsibilities, collaboration procedures, modelling requirements, documentation standards, and digital deliverables. \\ \hline Canada & [27] & Provides BIM users with a framework for developing and adopting company-centric practices to streamline their use of digital information; includes a range of topics, from high-level non-technical explanations regarding BIM and processes to BIM implementation companywide to minimize impact, as well as BIM at a project level, and how it differs from traditional approaches. \\ \hline New Zealand & [28] & Addresses the items related to plans at the design stage in BIM execution and the performance (process, LOD, delivery, software, etc.), purpose, and definition of BIM applications, among others. \\ \hline Hong Kong & [29] & Covers four sections, including the project execution plan, modeling methodology, level of development, and component presentation style; also defines the scope of work for a BIM process, the responsibilities of the project participants, and the deliverables from the BIM process for the owner. \\ \hline Italy & [30] & Describes a guide to digitize the information of Italian real estate properties, prescribing coding principles, the required contents and levels of data models, and the templates for enhancing the interoperability of diverse software. \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: International BIM guides reviewed. 19650-2 depicts the specifics of the information management process; ISO 19650-3 represents the facility's operational phase; and ISO 19650-5 details the security of information [26]. These standards are valid regardless of which country a business is based in. Every nation can specify their own amendments or additions to the standards through their national standard bodies. In many countries, such as the United Kingdom, Australia, the UAE, China, and Korea--public contracts have already been subject to ISO 19650, and it has gradually become the common framework for the delivery of high-quality digital facilities worldwide [31].