# Image Steganography Using LSB and Hybrid Encryption Algorithms
## 4 Results and Discussion
### Implementation Results  
Different secret message sizes with different hidden patterns were used to test the embedding ability of the proposed technique. Moreover, the quantity of imperceptibility and the consistency of the stego image were determined for each Pick signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and Mean square error (MSE). PSNR and MSE statistics with a range of secret message sizes were compared with other steganography methods and results. The test was conducted on the data example images with the same size and segment-secret message sizes. The model showed stable results with increasing the size of the secret message on the images due to the chosen high-frequency areas in each block and hiding the secret message with the spectrum disruption of the message in each block. Table 2 presents the proposed method's results applied to three images. The secret message used in this experiment had a capacity of 480 bits. The results show that the mean squared error (MSE) and peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) varied between the three images. The MSE value of Image 1 was 0.00061387, and that of the PSNR was 80.2500. Image 2 had a lower MSE value of 0.00019995 and a higher PSNR value of 85.1216. Similarly, Image 3 had an MSE value of 0.0002002 and PSNR had a value of 85.1163. Table 3 presents the results of the second secret message on three different images. The results are reported in terms of capacity (bits), mean squared error (MSE), and peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR). Image 1's capacity was 2400 bits, and the MSE was 0.00060364, resulting in a PSNR of 80.3230. Image 2's capacity was 2400 bits, and the MSE was 0.00018866, resulting in a PSNR of 85.3740. Image 3's capacity was 2400 bits, and the MSE was 0.00018717, resulting in a PSNR of 85.4083. It can be observed from the results that for all three images, the capacity remained the same for the second message. However, the MSE and PSNR values varied among the images. A lower MSE value indicates that \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Secret Message** & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**The Message**} \\ \cline{2-4}  & **Capacity** & **MSE** & **PSNR** \\ \hline Image 1 & 480 & 0.00061387 & 80.2500 \\ Image 2 & 480 & 0.00019995 & 85.1216 \\ Image 3 & 480 & 0.0002002 & 85.1163 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Results on Images (Capacity, PSNR, and mean Error score)—First Message. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Image 1** & **Image 2** & **Image 3** \\ \hline \hline
**4. Results and Discussion** & & & \\ \hline \hline
**6.5** & **5.5** & **5.5** & **5.5** \\ \hline \hline
**7.5** & **5.5** & **5.  
the difference between the original image and the stego image (with an embedded secret message) is small, and a higher PSNR value indicates that the quality of the stego image is more elevated. Table 4 presents the results of the third secret message on the three images regarding capacity, mean squared error (MSE), and peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR). All three images had the same capacity of 4800 bits. The results show that Image 2 had the lowest MSE and highest PSNR, while Image 3 had the highest MSE and the lowest PSNR. This indicates that Image 2 had the best image quality and the slightest degradation in terms of distortion after the steganographic process was applied compared to the other two images. These results provide insights into the performance of the steganographic method for different images and can be used to improve future steganographic algorithms. In Table 5, it can be seen that the first, second, and third messages were embedded in Images 1, 2, and 3. After the secret message was embedded, the results showed the PSNR and MSE values of each image. It can be observed that the PSNR values for Images 1, 2, and 3 were 80.2500, 85.1216, and 85.1163, respectively, for the first message. For the second message, the PSNR values were 80.3230, 85.3740, and 85.4083, respectively. For the third message, the PSNR values were 81.6717, 85.8855, and 85.6411, respectively.