# Study on the Deployment of Ultra-Wideband Positioning Base Stations in Pig Farms
## 4 Experimental Analyses
### Analysis of Real Measurement Experiments
Table 7 shows that when L is 900 cm, the X and Y maximum and minimum and average values are the smallest; with the same spacing, the X and Y variance value of the same point does not differ much. The larger the spacing, the smaller the variance, that is, the more stable the positioning. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline
**X/Y** & **RMSE Indicator** & **L = 300 cm** & **L = 600 cm** & **L = 900 cm** \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{X} & Maximum & 26.43 & 18.45 & 19.59 \\  & Minimum & 2.10 & 4.02 & 1.65 \\  & Average & 14.27 & 11.24 & 10.62 \\  & Maximum & 18.62 & 19.72 & 21.82 \\ \multirow{3}{*}{Y} & Minimum & 2.94 & 1.76 & 1.58 \\  & Average & 10.78 & 10.74 & 11.70 \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 6: RMSE at each point when base station spacing is different. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline
**X/Y** & **Variance Indicator** & **L = 300 cm** & **L = 600 cm** & **L = 900 cm** \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{X} & Maximum & 2.92 & 2.57 & 1.85 \\  & Minimum & 1.66 & 1.01 & 1.00 \\  & Average & 2.29 & 1.79 & 1.42 \\ \multirow{3}{*}{Y} & Maximum & 2.71 & 2.55 & 1.76 \\  & Minimum & 1.60 & 0.99 & 0.98 \\ \cline{1-1}  & Average & 2.15 & 1.77 & 1.37 \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 7: Variance at points with different base station spacing. Figure 12: Variance at points with different base station spacing. Different shapes of base station arrangements  
After comparison and analysis of the effect of different shapes of base station layout on positioning accuracy in the case of fixed base station spacing and base station height, the base station layout is set up as an equilateral triangle with a side length of 600 cm (Scenario a), a square with a side length of 600 cm (Scenario b), a rectangle with a length of 600 cm and a width of 300 cm (Scenario c), and a rectangle with a length of 300 cm and a width of 600 cm (Scenario d), respectively. The layout of the base stations are illustrated in Figure 13, wherein A\({}_{0}\) to A\({}_{3}\) represent the respective coordinate positions of each base station. The results depicted In Figures 13-15 demonstrate that when the base stations are arranged in a square configuration, the majority of points exhibit a root-mean-square error below 15, with X and Y variances exhibiting close proximity and minimal values. Conversely, when the base stations are arranged as a triangle or rectangle, individual points display significantly larger root-mean-square errors and variances. Specifically, for rectangular configurations where the width exceeds the length, the X variance of identical points is smaller than their corresponding Y variance, whereas for rectangles where the length surpasses the width, the Y variance of identical points is smaller than their corresponding X variance. Figure 13: Effect of different shapes of base station deployment and positioning at the same time. Figure 14: RMSE at each point when the shape of the base station deployment is different. Figure 15: _Cont_. Table 8 shows that the X maximum, minimum, and mean of Scenario c are all the largest, the X maximum and mean of the square are all the smallest, and the X minimum of Scenario d is the smallest; the maximum and mean of Y of Scenario b are all the largest, and the Y maximum, minimum and mean of Scenario c are all the smallest. Table 9 shows that the maximum, minimum, and mean values of X and Y are minimum for Scenario b; the maximum, minimum, and mean values of X are maximum for Scenario d; and the maximum, minimum, and mean values of Y are minimum for Scenario c.  
Table 9: Variance at points with different shapes of base station deployment.