## 2 Materials and Methods
### HPLC-MS Analysis of Phenolic Compounds in Berries and Wines  
An Agilent 1200 series high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with a Poroshell 120 EC-C18 column (150 \(\times\) 2.1 mm, 2.7 \(\upmu\)m), and an Agilent 6410 triple-quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (QqQ-MS/MS) equipped with an electrospray ionization (ESI) source (Agilent, Santa Clara, CA, USA) was used for flavan-3-ols analysis, which was in accordance with the procedure described by [PERSON] et al. [31]. Mobile phase A was aqueous 0.1% (\(v/v\)) formic acid, and mobile phase B was acetonitrile/methanol (1:1, \(v/v\)) with the addition of 0.1% (\(v/v\)) formic acid. The elution gradient was from 10% to 46% B for 11 min and from 46% to 10% B for 1 min with a flow rate at 0.4 mL/min. The injection volume was 1 \(\upmu\)L, and the column temperature was 55 \({}^{\circ}\)C. The ESI source temperature was 150 \({}^{\circ}\)C, spray voltage was set at 4 kV in negative mode, dry nitrogen gas temperature was 350 \({}^{\circ}\)C, gas flow was 12 L/h, and nebulizer pressure was 35 psi. (+)-Catechin, (\(-\))-epicatechin, (\(-\))-epigallocatechin and (\(-\))-epicatechin-3-\(O\)-galate were used as external standards for quantification of flavan-3-ols. Concentrations of flavan-3-ols in grape skins and seeds were expressed in mg/kg berry fresh weight and \(\upmu\)g/berry, and concentrations of flavan-3-ols in wines were expressed in \(\upmu\)g/L. An Agilent 1200 series of HPLC-MSD trap VL linked to a Zorbax Eclipse XDB-C18 column (250 \(\times\) 4.6 mm, 5 \(\upmu\)m) and a variable wavelength detector (Agilent, Santa Clara, CA, USA) was used for flavonoids analysis, which was performed as described by [PERSON] et al. [32]. Mobile phase A was acetonitrile/formic acid/water (5:10:85, \(v/v/v\)), mobile phase B was acetonitrile/methanol/formic acid/water (25:20:10:45, \(v/v/v/v\)). The elution gradient of solvent B was from 0% to 14.2% for 24.2 min, from 14.2% to 15.7% for 1.5 min, from 15.7% to 18.8% for 6.4 min, from 18.8% to 23.5% for 5.4 min, from 23.5% to 26% for 6 min, from 26% to 27.4% for 2 min, from 27.4% to 32% for 4.6 min, from 32% to 40% for 10.2 min, from 40% to 100% for 6 min, and from 100% to 0% for 10.6 min with a flow rate at 0.63 mL/min. The injection volume was 50 \(\upmu\)L, the column temperature was 40 \({}^{\circ}\)C, and detector wavelength was 360 nm. MS conditions were as follows: ESI source, negative mode, dry nitrogen gas temperature at 325 \({}^{\circ}\)C, gas flow at 12 mL/min, nebulizer pressure at 30 psi, and scan range at 100-1000 \(m/z\). The flavonoidsconcentrations were expressed as equivalent quercetin-3-O-glucose in grapes (mg/kg fresh berry weight and ug/berry) and wines (ug/L). An Agilent 1100 series HPLC-MSD trap VL coupled with a Zorbax SB-C18 column (250 \(\times\) 4.6 mm, 5 \(\upmu\)m) and a diode array detector (Agilent, Santa Clara, CA, USA) was used for an-thocyanins analysis following the method descried by [PERSON] et al. [28]. Mobile phase A was formic acid/acetonitrile/water (2:6:92, \(v/v/v\)), and mobile phase B was formic acid/acetonitrile/water (2:54:44, \(v/v/v\)). The elution gradient of solvent B was from 6% to 10% for 4 min, from 10% to 25% for 8 min, equilibration at 25% for 1 min, from 25% to 40% for 7 min, from 40% to 60% for 15 min, from 60% to 100% for 5 min, and from 100% to 6% for 5 min with a flow rate at 1 mL/min. The injection volume was 30 \(\upmu\)L, the column temperature was 50 \({}^{\circ}\)C, and detector wavelength was 525 nm. MS conditions were as follows: ESI source, positive mode, dry nitrogen gas temperature at 350 \({}^{\circ}\)C, gas flow rate at 10 mL/min, nebulizer pressure at 35 psi, and scan range at 100-1000 \(m/z\). Anthocyanins concentrations were expressed as the equivalent malvidin-3-O-glucose in grapes (mg/kg fresh berry weight and ug/berry) and wines (ug/L). Chromatograms of identified flavonoids were shown in in Table S1.