# Usage of IoT Framework in Water Supply Management for Smart City in Nepal
###### Abstract
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**KUKL Service Area**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Supply Capacity 2013 MLD 1**} & \multicolumn{6}{c}{**Domestic Water Demand in MLD**} \\ \cline{3-8}  & & **2001** & **2006** & **2011** & **2016** & **2021** \\ \hline
1. & Baneshwr & 1.2 & 29.6 & 35.7 & 43.0 & 51.8 & 62.4 \\ \hline
2. & Bhaktapur & 4.6 & 11.3 & 12.1 & 13.1 & 15.0 & 16.4 \\ \hline
3. & Chhetrapati & 0.5 & 13.3 & 16.0 & 19.3 & 23.2 & 28.0 \\ \hline
4. & Kamaladi & 0.0 & 4.0 & 4.8 & 5.8 & 6.9 & 8.3 \\ \hline
5. & Kirtipur & 3.9 & 6.7 & 8.2 & 10.1 & 12.5 & 19.6 \\ \hline
6. & Lalitpur & 23.7 & 27.5 & 32.4 & 40.1 & 49.7 & 63.2 \\ \hline
7. & Madhyapur Thimi & 13.6 & 5.5 & 7.3 & 9.6 & 16.3 & 21.5 \\ \hline
8. & Mahakankalchour & 55.5 & 28.9 & 37.9 & 50.8 & 69.5 & 99.9 \\ \hline
9. & Mahargunj & 44.5 & 23.6 & 30.8 & 42.1 & 58.4 & 82.5 \\ \hline
10. & Tripureshwr & 3.9 & 18.5 & 22.4 & 27.2 & 34.4 & 43.5 \\ \hline KUKL SA only & 151.2 & 168.7 & 207.5 & 261.0 & 337.8 & 445.3 \\ \hline Valley (including KUKL SA) & - & 183.9 & 224.9 & 282.5 & 366.0 & 481.5 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}  
* MLD, million litters per day; SA, service area. Note: From 2017, an additional supply of 170 MLD from MWSP should be considered; however, this would be affected by the present capacity of the water treatment plant (85 MLD) and is therefore not included in the above estimations [5].  
\end{table} 
Table 1: KUKL (Kathmandu Upatyaka Khanepani Limited) service area estimated demand of water using BIS (Bureau of Indian Standard) guidelines. collection jobs. The usage of IoT will benefit not only the citizens but also the government in many ways. The federal government of the United States of America (USA) has been playing s significant role in supporting smart-building applications. The General Services Administration (GSA) is working to construct smart buildings for the federal government to fulfill the aim of technologies the federal government buildings by connecting recent technologies that make them more energy-efficient [6]. Fortuitously, the world now has witnessed the germination of IoT. Although IoT was pronounced in 2000, it has now gained abundant attention in almost all areas that include scientific and industrial grounds like smart-home, industry, entertainment, robotics, agriculture, healthcare, and transportation [7]. To develop the smart building that consumes less energy is achieved through connected technologies, GSA has also taken the steps to modernize government building federal states [8]. The energy efficiency was achieved by integrating and connecting several low-cost sensors to fifty governmental buildings and estimated to save around 15 million annually. These buildings were aimed to gather at least 100 nodes that transmit data and could be used for operational effectiveness in each building. After noticing the advantages of the smart buildings US Department of State started to install online meters/smart meters to gain insights into energy consumption as well as water utilization [8]. Nepal's federal government is also playing an important part in encouraging and supporting smart building applications. IoT, although in an early phase, has the ability to connect over the global network which makes it omnipresent. Special applications like a neural network that behaves and work like human and underlying subsequent models underpin the future architecture of the Unit IoT. The future IoT can enhance the interpretation of the relationship between IoT and the reality around us and, in return, these interpretations empower further development of IoT. This interrelatedness works as a never-ending cycle [8]. With the explosion of disruptive technology, it has become very difficult to draw the attention of users and make them adaptive to new technologies. Therefore, personalization has taken foremost importance in the development of technology to enhance user engagement. The IoT has taken a similar approach but on a much larger scale.