## 1 Introduction  
Although 2020 emissions were lower than in 2019 as a result of the COVID-19 crisis and subsequent countermeasures [1], greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations in the atmosphere continue to rise, with the immediate reduction in emissions predicted to have a minor long-term influence on climate change. In 2023, global GHG emissions increased by 1.3% compared to 2022, reaching a new high of 57.1 GtCO2e. The annual percentage increase is higher than the average value recorded in the last decade (2010-2019), equal to 0.8%. Total GHG emissions are dominated by fossil carbon dioxide (CO\({}_{2}\)) emissions (from fossil fuels and carbonates). According to preliminary estimates, fossil CO\({}_{2}\) emissions in 2023 set a new high of 38.8 GtCO\({}_{2}\)[2]. In contrast, global GHG emissions in 2030 need to be approximately 25% and 55% lower than in 2017 to put the world on a least-cost pathway to limiting global warming to 2 \({}^{\circ}\)C and 1.5 \({}^{\circ}\)C, respectively [3]. Global CO\({}_{2}\) emissions are above the targets set by the agreements on Mitigation of Climate Change and the national governments. The major reason is that although energy efficiency has considerably improved and renewables have been installed at a large scale, this was overcompensated by economic growth resulting in an increase in emissions. It is also worth noting that the residential, industrial and transportation sectors each account approximately for one-third of global energy consumption and GHG emissions, with heating and cooling taking the lion's share of this demand [4; 5]. Thermal energy storage (TES) plays a crucial role in reducing energy consumption and integrating renewable energy sources, particularly for zero-energy applications [6]. In Ref. [7], the authors reviewed the technologies suitable for the mitigation of such phenomena in the building sector. Sensible and latent TES systems show the highest potential, achieving thermal energy storage densities up to 430 MJ/m\({}^{3}\), while thermochemical storage, despite its higher energy density, remains underdeveloped for building applications requiring further research to optimize TES materials, system designs, and cost-effectiveness for widespread adoption. The authors in Ref. [8] proved how thermochemical storage technology can store significant thermal energy from renewables for applications requiring heat between 30 and 150 \({}^{\circ}\)C, such as space heating and industrial processes. They examined advancements at both material and prototype scales, focusing on solid/gas reactions with water as a sorbate. While salt hydrates offer low-cost solutions, their hydrothermal stability remains a challenge, making composite materials a promising alternative. At the prototype level, open systems favour adsorbents due to better stability, but high costs and lower energy densities hinder commercial viability, highlighting the need for standardized performance metrics and economic considerations. Therochemical heat storage has been investigated also in Ref. [9]. There, the authors describe the optimization process of SrCl\({}_{2}\)-based thermochemical energy storage for solar energy integration using simulation-driven analysis. By adjusting compression ratios (CR), reactant temperatures, and heat transfer fluid (HTF) flow rates, they proved how it is possible to enhance energy storage efficiency. A CR of 4 achieves a 93.8% desorption rate while significantly reducing HTF mass flow and sensible heat loss. These findings highlight SrCl\({}_{2}\)-based systems as a promising solution for improving solar energy storage and cooling applications. TES systems are pivotal in enhancing the efficiency of renewable energy sources. By storing excess thermal energy generated during peak periods, TES allows for the balanced distribution of energy, ensuring a consistent supply even when renewable generation is low [10]. For such a reason, the exploitation of renewable heat by means of thermal energy storage has been widely studied and simulated in different research papers.