# A Predictive Vehicle Ride Sharing Recommendation System for Smart Cities Commuting
## 3 Results  
### Experimental Parameters  
To assess the efficiency of the research effort, the proposed system is experimented on with real data provided by citizens' movement trajectories observed in the coverage area of New Philadelphia, which is a municipality of the SC of Athens, Greece. The dataset has a size of \(|KB|=2958\) instances containing GPS location information [35]. The experimental dataset is produced by the concurrent movement trajectories of \(|U|=100\) users for \(d=7\) days per week, in a total period of \(w\in[1,8]\) weeks, within the coverage area of the municipality of New Philadelphia. The adopted dataset is visualized in Figure 2. \(|U|\) is the number of the users created the experimental dataset, while \(|KB|\) is the size of the dataset in GPS instances that was created by the users. Thus, \(|U|\) and \(|KB|\) are totally different quantities. \(w\) is the number of the weeks, which means that the adopted dataset covers a total period of two months. Specifically, the collected data contain information from 9 November to 9 January 2009. This means that there are not much seasonal data in the examined dataset to exploit stochastic user behavior at a seasonal level. However, there are daily, weekly, and monthly user movement patterns, which are exploited in the performed experiments in Section 3.2. Raw data are collected from the Open Street Maps open-source website. This website provides free available datasets for research and industrial purposes. It also provides a user-friendly Application Programming Interface (API) for prosperous users who would like to access the provided datasets. However, note that all the provide datasets are created from users who have upload them to support the academic and industrial community for further use. Such datasets have certain structure. The experimental dataset it is used in this paper has the following Extensible Markup Language (XML) structure as depicted in Figure 3.  
Figure 2: Adopted dataset visualized from the municipality of New Philadelphia in the SC of Athens, Greece. <?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?> <Qpx version=\"1.1\" creator=\"OSMTack\" xmlins:xsi=\"[[http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLScheena-instance](http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLScheena-instance)]([http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLScheena-instance](http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLScheena-instance))\" xmlns=\"[[http://www.topografix.com/GPX/1/1](http://www.topografix.com/GPX/1/1)]([http://www.topografix.com/GPX/1/1](http://www.topografix.com/GPX/1/1))\" xsi:schemaLocation=\"[[http://www.topografix.com/GPX/1/1](http://www.topografix.com/GPX/1/1)]([http://www.topografix.com/GPX/1/1](http://www.topografix.com/GPX/1/1)) [[http://www.topografix.com/GPX/1/1](http://www.topografix.com/GPX/1/1)]([http://www.topografix.com/GPX/1/1](http://www.topografix.com/GPX/1/1)) [[http://www.topografix.com/GPX/1/1](http://www.topografix.com/GPX/1/1)]([http://www.topografix.com/GPX/1/1](http://www.topografix.com/GPX/1/1)) <trk> <trkseg> <trkpt lat=\"38.048604716667\" lon=\"23.739073266667\" <ele>200.0</ele> <time>2009-01-09T19:44:34Z</time> </trkpt> <trkpt lat=\"38.048360683333\" lon=\"23.739266383333\" <ele>160.0</ele> <time>2009-01-09T19:44:48Z</time> </trkpt> <trkpt lat=\"38.048368683333\" lon=\"23.7393513333\" <ele>158.0</ele> <time>2009-01-09T19:44:59Z</time> </trkpt> <trkpt lat=\"38.048357950000\" lon=\"23.73941658333\" <ele>158.0</ele> <time>2009-01-09T19:44:59Z</time> </trkpt> <time>2009-01-09T19:44:59Z</time> </trkpt> <time>2009-01-09T19:44:59Z</time> </trkpt> <time>157.0</ele> <time>2009-01-09T19:45:01Z</time> </trkpt> <time>201-09T19:45:00Z</time> </trkpt> <trkpt lat=\"38.04833650000\" lon=\"23.73950241667\" <ele>157.0</ele> <time>2009-01-09T19:45:01Z</time> </trkpt> ```  
**Figure 3**. Open Street Maps experimental dataset XML structure. GPS traces have length of 8 decimal digits which is equal of sensitivity of 10 meters. The minimum latitude of the dataset is 38.04582595 and the minimum longitude is 23.73619793. In addition, the maximum latitude is 38.05432318 while the maximum longitude is 23.74390125.