# Nutritional Composition and Biological Properties of Sixteen Edible Mushroom Species
## 6 Discussion
The variation in vitamin C is 207-6.7 mg/100 gr dry weight basis with the species _Amantia caesarean_ having the highest and the species _Craterellus lutsecens_ the lowest antioxidant activity [106; 123]. With the sole exception of _Morchella esculenta_, all the other species tested had a significant amount of vitamin B12. At this point, we would like to emphasize that mushrooms are the only food of plant origin that contains vitamin B12. The variation of B12 in the species we studied is 1.04-0 mg/100 gr dry weight basis with the species _Hericium erinaceus_ having the highest concentration and the species _Grifola frondosa_ the lowest [115; 117]. Consumption of 100 gr dehydrated product (or 1 kg of fresh mushroom) could cover the recommended daily intake for adults, although such an amount is difficult to consume daily. However, a small amount on a daily basis could prevent vitamin B12 deficiency in vegetarians [107]. As shown in Table 2, _A. bisporus_ culture appears to be a good source of B-complex vitamins and niacin [118]. For these vitamins, one serving of mushrooms may contribute about 10% or more of the recommended daily allowance according to the recommendations. _A. bisporus_, on the other hand, contains very low levels of vitamin A and vitamin D. The reason for the low levels of vitamin D2 in cultivated mushrooms seems to be that the conversion of ergosterol to ergocalciferol (vitamin D2) requires sunlight (or artificial ultraviolet light) [135]. Studies have shown that the concentration of vitamin D2 in _A. bisporus_ can be increased by 467% with UV radiation after harvest. A total of 15 human trials reported on the consumption of _A. bisporus_ mushrooms and physical health outcomes [138]. Research conducted among the Dutch population confirmed the positive effect of vitamin D supplementation in cases of chronic diseases, assessed on the basis of lowering mortality. A reduction in mortality was obtained in: cancers by 25%, cardiovascular diseases by 25%, diabetes by 15%, and multiple sclerosis by 50% [139]. Finnish studies monitoring the effects of supplementation with vitamin D in the amount of 50 mg/D (2000 IU) (from birth) data analysis over 31 years show a reduction in the risk of developing type 1 diabetes by 80% [140]. Infants of mothers supplementing with vitamin D3 had a significantly lower risk of dental caries, respiratory infections, and sepsis [141]. Mushrooms of the _B. edulis_ species prepared for consumption met 7-14% RDA of vitamin B1 for healthy adults and 1% RDA for B2, B3, and B3, respectively [36]. Finally, mushrooms of the species _Cantharellus cibarius_, _Craterellus cornucopoides_, and _Lentinula edos_ cover 15% of RDA in vitamin B12 according to the findings of [PERSON] et al. [107; 142]. Mushrooms can enrich the human diet with certain micronutrients. The species met the required standards of recommended daily intake of B vitamins, ascorbic acid, and vitamin D (in _Boletus arereus_ and _Craterellus cornucopoides_). On the other hand, they fall short of the required amount of daily intake of vitamin A [36]. Therefore, according to Table 2, which is based on new scientific data, we can claim that the species _Agaricus bisporus_ has a high content of riboflavin (5.3-6.4 mg/100 g DM) and niacin (36-57 mg/100 g DM), while the species _Pleurotus ostreatus_ only in niacin (34-109 mg/100 g DM) [36; 106] and all mushroom species have a high content of vitamin C [121]. In terms of minerals, according to Table 3, mushrooms of the varieties _Boletus aereus_, _Cantharellus cibarius_, _Coprinus comatus_, _Craterellus cornucopoides_, and _Pleurotus ostreatus_ have a high content of iron. The variety _Ganoderma lucidum_ has the highest concentration of 82.6 mg/100 g dry weight basis and the variety _Grifola Frondosa_ has the lowest and most insignificant amount of iron of 0.3 mg /100 g DM [128]. Regarding Zn, it is also found in high content in all categories of mushrooms with the exception of the _Craterellus cornucopoides_.