## 2 Materials and Methods
During the wet etching process, the grown crystalline phase was selectively removed, since it had higher etching rate as compared with laser-unexposed regions [18] Microstructures corresponding to the laser written trajectory were then produced in Foturan glass. The second annealing treatment at 635 \({}^{\circ}\)C was further employed for surface smoothening. MAPLE processing: MAPLE experiments were performed inside a stainless-steel reaction chamber. An UV KrF* excimer laser source (Lambda Physics Coherent, COMPexPro 205) delivering pulses at a wavelength of \(\lambda\) = 248 nm, with a duration of \(\tau_{\mathrm{FWHM}}\) = 25 ns (FWHM-Full Width at Half Maximum), and operated at a repetition rate of 5 Hz was used for thin film deposition through PG masks. In one experiment, a cryogenic target consisting of organic carbon precursors (phloroglucinol/glycosidic acid and the template Pluronic F127 dissolved in a chloroform/ethanol mixture) was frozen in liquid nitrogen. Three thousand pulses of 4 J cm\({}^{-2}\) incident laser fluence were subsequently applied in a dynamic pressure of \(\sim\)5 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-2}\) mbar for deposition. In another experiment we used a target prepared by immersing an aqueous solution containing graphene oxide nanocolloids (GON, 2 mg/mL Sigma Aldrich) in liquid nitrogen. We applied 25,000 pulses of \(<\)1 J cm\({}^{-2}\) incident laser fluence, in a dynamic pressure of \(\sim\)2 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-2}\) mbar for the synthesis of the micropatterns. The structures were grown on silicon substrates placed parallel to the target surface at separation distances of 4-5 cm. Figure 2: Evaluation of line widths’ function of laser fluence and scanning speed in case of UV (**a**,**b**) and VIS laser irradiation, respectively (**c**,**d**). Recorded optical images (**a**,**c**) and corresponding plotted graphs (**b**,**d**) are depicted. The characterization of the samples was performed by optical microscopy with a transmission mode (Leica, model DM4000 B Led). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) investigation was carried out with an FEI Co. microscope (Inspect S model). In vitro tests, reagents, and antibodies: Mouse monoclonal anti-vinculin antibody was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Chemie GmbH, Taufikirchen, Germany (#V9131), and goat anti-mouse IgG-coupled Alexa Flour 594 was purchased from Invitrogen (Thermo Fisher Scientific) (#A11005). Most cell culture reagents used in this study were purchased from Gibco (Fisher Scientific UK Ltd, Loughborough, UK): Penicillin-Streptomycin (#15140-122), Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM, #21885-025), Fetal Bovine Serum (#10270-106), and Glutamax (#35050-061). Triton X-100 (#78787) and phosphate buffered saline tablets (#P4417-100 TAB) were purchased from Sigma. Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) was from VWR\({}^{\text{TM}}\) company (#422361V) (VWR International GmbH, Wien, Austria). ProLong Diamond Antifade Mountain was purchased from Invitrogen (#P36961). Cell culture: Primary human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), a kind gift from the Institute of Biochemistry of Romanian Academy (Dr. [PERSON]), were used for experimental procedures in this study. They were grown in DMEM with 10% FBS (Fetal Bovine Serum), 1% Penicillin/Streptomycin (Pen-Strep) and 0.5 mM Glutamax. All cells were maintained in a humidified atmosphere at 37 \({}^{\circ}\)C and in the presence of 5% CO\({}_{2}\). Sterilization: The Foturan glass samples and coverslips were autoclaved for 30 min at 121 \({}^{\circ}\)C, followed by exposure to UV for 30 min prior to use for any experimental procedures. Immunofluorescence microscopy: The surfaces of some coverslips and Foturan glass were coated with collagen (rat type I) for 30 min, followed by two times washing with PBS (Phosphate-Buffered Saline). The cells were then trypsinized and counted, and 3000 cells were seeded per sample. One hour or 24 h after seeding, cells were fixed using 1% PFA for 15 min at room temperature (RT), followed by permeabilization with 0.1% Triton X-100 for 5 min at RT.