# Linking Phubbing Behavior to Self-Reported Attentional Failures and Media Multitasking
## 3 Results
### Correlations between Phubbing Behavior and Everyday Attentional Failures  
To address the primary aim of the current study, we examined Pearson correlation coefficients between scores on the primary measure of phubbing behavior, which was the GSP, and scores on measures of self-reported everyday attentional failures, which included the AC-S, AC-D, MW-D, MW-S, MAAS-LO, and ARCES. To reiterate, higher scores on each of these measures corresponds to greater attentional difficulties and failures within the respective attentional domain. GSP scores were significantly and positively correlated with scores on the AC-S, AC-D, MW-D, MW-S, ARCES, and MAAS-LO, \(r\)s = 0.45-0.72, \(p\)s \(<\) 0.001 (see Table 2). The strength of the Pearson correlation coefficients between the GSP and measures of self-reported everyday attentional failures were, in ascending order, as follows: AC-D, MW-D, AC-S, MAAS-LO, MW-S, and ARCES.  
Correlations between Phubbing Behavior, Demographics, and Select Psychosocial and Personality Variables  
To account for other potential variables related to phubbing behavior, we examined other dispositional factors, including demographics as well as several psychosocial and personality variables. GSP scores were significantly and negatively correlated with age, \(r\)(371) = \(-\)0.27, \(p\) \(<\) 0.001. There was no significant effect of gender on phubbing behavior, \(t\)(371) = \(-\)1.25, \(p\) = 0.211, therefore we did not analyze this variable any further. In terms of specific psychosocial and personality measures, we examined associations among impulsivity, self-regulation, and social connectedness with phubbing behavior. There was a significant positive correlation between GSP scores and BIS-11 scores, \(r\)(371) = 0.63, \(p\) \(<\) 0.001. Additionally, there were significant negative associations between GSP scores with SSRQ scores, \(r\)(371) = \(-\)0.60, \(p\) \(<\) 0.001, and SCS scores, \(r\)(371) = \(-\)0.47, \(p\) \(<\) 0.001. Thus, the strength of the significant associations between the GSP and demographic, psychosocial, and personality measures were, in ascending order, as follows: age, SCS, SSRQ, and BIS-11.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & **Mean (SE)** & **Min-Max** & **Skewness** & **Kurtosis** & \(\alpha\) \\ \hline GSP & 48.90 (1.21) & 15–99 & 0.17 & \(-\)1.14 & 0.97 \\ AC-S & 2.70 (0.05) & 1–5 & \(-\)0.07 & \(-\)0.86 & 0.86 \\ AC-D & 2.86 (0.05) & 1–5 & \(-\)0.25 & \(-\)0.90 & 0.85 \\ MW-D & 4.16 (0.07) & 1–7 & \(-\)0.19 & \(-\)0.66 & 0.92 \\ MW-S & 3.90 (0.07) & 1–7 & \(-\)0.09 & \(-\)0.81 & 0.91 \\ MAAS-LO & 38.70 (0.72) & 12–72 & \(-\)0.09 & \(-\)0.89 & 0.94 \\ ARCES & 33.40 (0.50) & 12–54 & 0.07 & \(-\)0.71 & 0.93 \\ MMI-2 & 4.05 (0.12) & 0.18–10 & 0.36 & \(-\)1.01 & - \\ MMM-S & 2.47 (0.04) & 1–4 & 0.01 & \(-\)0.78 & 0.91 \\ Media Use & 4.49 (0.07) & 1.67–8 & 0.40 & \(-\)0.63 & - \\ BIS-11 & 61.90 (0.67) & 35–88 & \(-\)0.12 & \(-\)1.06 & 0.89 \\ SSRQ & 114.00 (1.05) & 59–155 & 0.24 & \(-\)0.75 & 0.94 \\ SCS & 32.00 (0.59) & 8–48 & \(-\)0.11 & \(-\)1.15 & 0.97 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} Note. GSP = Generic Scale of Phubbing; AC-S = Attentional Control: Shifting; AC-D = Attentional Control: Distraction; MW-D = Mintd Wandering; Deliberate; MW-S = Mind Warandering; Spontaneous; MAAS-LO = Mindful Attention Awareness Scale—Lapses Only; ARCES = Attention-Related Cognitive Errors Scale; MMI-2 = Media Multitasking Index—Version 2; MMM-S = Short Media Multitasking Measure; BIS-11 = Barratt Impulsiveness Scale; SSRQ = Short Self-Regulation Questionnaire; SCS = Social Connectedness Scale.  
\end{table}
Table 1: Summary of means, standard deviations, ranges, skewness, kurtosis, and Cronbach’s alphas for survey measures (\(N\) = 373).