## Results and Discussions: The Influence and Benefits of PPGIS
### [PERSON] [21] maintained that integrating professional and nonprofessional knowledge using PPGIS during the planning or decision-making process can be the basis for more in-depth public participation and thus affect the entire planning or decision-making process. In the case of Wu-Wei-Kang Wildlife Refuge, PPGIS improved the efficiency of the platform meetings and it helped with the establishment of equitable partnerships facilitated by cooperation between the public and private sectors. During the elevation monitoring, the role of community volunteers was transformed from consultants into working partners in management. In the past, decisions regarding the refuge were usually made by the academic team, which has professional competence. During the elevation monitoring practice, however, community members, with the assistance of PPGIS, acted together as the designers, executors, and data interpreters of the new community-based monitoring. PPGIS promoted the capacity to undertake refuge management of the local community by integrating and sharing its lay knowledge and labor and ensured the legitimacy and appropriateness of management decisions. PPGIS reveals the correlation between the refuge and the surrounding environment by transforming the perspectives across different spatial scales. This correlation allows the stakeholders to integrate different spatial information (namely bird survey or land ownership). Meanwhile, PPGIS helps the stakeholders to compare the range and location of the silts for further assessment of their possible impacts on the wetland environment. This transparent information is shared among the stakeholders to assist them in reaching a consensus on the management of the refuge. The function of PPGIS in this process is (1) to integrate different information collected from different sources (LG02,LC04) and (2) to help the stakeholders set viable visions and goals in their management by taking advantage of the PPGIS's expertise in spatial information (LC08,LC05). Taking stock of the implementation process of PPGIS and community monitoring, this study found that, while community volunteers acted as information producers, the academic team acted as information analyzers and the government agencies acted as sponsors; they all worked together cooperatively to manage the refuge. The government agencies even adjusted the scope of annual dredging and allocation of budget based on the recommendations of community volunteers and the academic team. Meanwhile, the stakeholders also debated and negotiated over the subsequent management objectives for the refuge. Accordingly, the results showed that, through the process of elevation monitoring and PPGIS, a solid partnership was built up among the stakeholders, which could enhance equitable sharing of costs and benefits in the refuge management. \"Basically, as long as the process of spatialization can be completed, there will be some possibilities for connecting the relevant institutions because you know the environmental management issues, what kind of space you're dealing with, and who the stakeholders are. You can then formulate the viable business management strategies.\" (LC07)  
\"The government wants to spend money; we want to do it, but there is no way. So, we need the help of academic teams to provide backup... This data will provide a solution so that the refuge will not lack water in the future.\" (LC01)  
\"If there are many things, we can tell them what to do and what not to do; this is an ideal situation.\" (LG02)  
\"When the budget is being sought, the authorities will be more willing to grant support if the community has reached a consensus.\" (FB01)  
In addition, the effects of PPGIS have already built up a brand-new style for information sharing and decision-making between the public and private sectors in this refuge. The local organizations are also gradually becoming the main executors in the management of the refuge.