## 5 Conclusions and Recommendations  
The analysis of design solutions for supporting mine workings in difficult mining, geological, and engineering conditions (IV-V categories) shows that the regulatory framework in Kazakhstan provides clear and reliable guidelines. These standards regulate the selection of reinforcement technologies and the design of support systems, ensuring the stability of mine workings even under challenging geological conditions.  
The calculation results indicate that the maximum compressive stresses \(\sigma_{1}\) in the roof of the mine working reach 40-42 MPa, while in the sidewalls, they are 27-30 MPa. The minimum stress component \(\sigma_{3}\) in both the roof and sides of the working is approximately 1 MPa. Generalizing the results for other rock categories demonstrates that the stress-strain state of the rock mass is significantly influenced by the rock category. In weak and exceptionally weak rocks, there is a 5-10% increase in the maximum compressive forces (on average, 7%) in the roof compared to more stable rocks (categories I-IV, according to [PERSON]). However, the minimum stress component \(\sigma_{3}\) remains practically unchanged, regardless of the rock category.  
The analytical modeling confirms that throughout the mining process, geomechanical processes remain active at all stages of mining. The stresses developing in the rock mass are generally lower than the natural strength of the rocks. Therefore, the timely installation of support structures can effectively prevent the development of metastatic processes and the risk of collapse. The stability analysis of mine workings reinforced with SZA anchors and shotcrete shows that the factor of safety for the roof ranges from 1.02 to 1.12. Although this range indicates a stable state, it approaches the minimum acceptable threshold for safe underground operations. For long-term stability, particularly in IV-V category rocks, increasing the factor of safety to 1.3-1.5 is recommended to provide an adequate safety margin. Based on the simulation results, SZA anchors combined with shotcrete are recommended as effective support structures for ensuring the stability of mine workings under challenging mining conditions.  
Further research will focus on assessing the performance of composite support systems under different environmental conditions and at varying production depths. Additionally, the support materials will be optimized by exploring the potential of new composite materials and advanced reinforcement technologies. Expanding geomechanical modeling will provide deeper insights into the stress-strain interactions between the rock mass and the support system. This will allow for further refinements in support design and contribute to enhanced safety and economic efficiency in mining operations.  
Conceptualization, V.D. and S.A.; methodology, D.S.; software, T.D.; validation, M.B., A.S. and N.M.; formal analysis, A.A.; investigation, V.D.; resources, A.K.; data curation, T.D.; writing--original draft preparation, V.D.; writing--review and editing, M.B.; visualization, D.S.; supervision, V.D.; project administration, A.K.; funding acquisition, A.T. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
This research was carried out within the framework of grant funding for scientific and scientific-technical projects of the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2023 to 2025, No. AP19680292, \"Development of the expert system for making decision of fixing and maintaining mine workings\".  
Not applicable.  
The original contributions presented in the study are included in the article, further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding author.  
Author [PERSON] was employed by the company LLP Expert PRO. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.