# Geo-Spatial Context Provision for Digital Twin Generation
## 6 Conclusive Summary  
LiDAR technology has the potential to provide valuable information for the operation of Cyber-Physical Systems. This information is considered useful for stakeholders in charge of monitoring the system as it supports and realizes related business processes. A big part of the vision and potential of digital twins lies in linking relevant information from multiple sources to support different tasks and users. A digital twin of a CPS should therefore integrate and provide geo-spatial context information in a form that facilitates stakeholder accessibility. In this article, we showed the potential of a behavior-centered digital twin conception that utilized subject-oriented process models to structure the data provided by a CPS. We referred to concepts from process monitoring to document the past behavior of a system (and its components), including the associated context information. We demonstrated that geo-spatial information can be integrated with other data provided by the CPS to create a detailed snapshot of the system and its operational environment, which can be associated with a concrete behavior state of a CPS component. We proposed a corresponding architecture concept and methodology guiding realization. Utilizing an illustration case from the logistics domain, we explored some of the benefits such type of a twin brings to stakeholders in charge of monitoring processes and the CPS. Stored information can be accessed directly from the relevant points in the process, ideally supported through a visual representation of both process instances and the associated context information. The logged data can also be used as input for automated inspection. Finally, we examined related work concerning the combination of digital twins and geo-spatial information provided by LiDAR technology. We could position our approach as not only advancing model-based engineering towards behavior-driven development, but providing it up-front as the primary core of the twin. Most of the existing research focuses on using the LiDAR-generated data to create a digital representation of an asset (sometimes through integration with other relevant data). For scenarios, where CPS are used to support and help realize business processes, the behavior of active agents is of crucial importance compared to monitoring a mostly \"static\" asset. It is for such cases that our DT conception offers contextual knowledge and stakeholder value. To that respect, the body of knowledge of subject orientation in the areas of CPS and behavior-centered DTs was enriched. Through examining existing methodologies for the creation of DTs, we also identified some shortcomings of our research in terms of the supported development scenario and automation support of methodological steps. A limitation of this work is that the proposed DT architecture, as presented conceptually, requires future work on implementation. Its efficacy for operational CPS scenarios needs to be evaluated involving process stakeholders from relevant application domains to provide empirical evidence. Potential for future research also exists with regard to the visualization of process model instances and the connected geo-spatial information. Extensions to subject-oriented run-time engines for this purpose are required to ensure a suitable presentation of DT information. Finally, support for automating the deployment of models in cyber-physical settings and establishing the required data exchange through subject-oriented run-time environments is a desirable feature to ease the adoption of the outlined concept. The adaption of automated process monitoring and mining techniques to the presented CPS context is also of interest to optimize and further develop systems and processes based on DT data. Conceptualization, T.E.J., C.S. and R.H.; methodology, T.E.J. ; software, T.E.J. ; validation, T.E.J., C.S. and R.H.; formal analysis, T.E.J. ; investigation, T.E.J., C.S. and R.H.; resources, T.E.J., C.S. and R.H.; data curation, T.E.J.