## 1 Introduction  
In response to climate change and to meet the Paris Agreement's goal of keeping temperatures within 2 \({}^{\circ}\)C, many countries have set clear timelines for carbon peaking and carbon neutrality [1, 2]. China has proposed a national strategic goal of \"carbon peaking by 2030 and carbon neutrality by 2060\" (\"dual carbon\" goal). In the energy field, the use of fossil fuels is the main source of global carbon emission [3, 4]. As a relatively mature technology that can replace oil-fueled vehicles, the potential of electric vehicles (EVs) in reducing carbon emission and exhaust pollution has gradually emerged [5, 6, 7]. In the agricultural field, as a basic industry to ensure national food security and ecological security, its high-quality development is also of great significance to the realization of the \"dual carbon\" goal. Agriculture is a typical artificial ecosystem that involves energy consumption in many of its links, such as production, storage and transportation. Therefore,it is necessary to coordinate the development of the energy field and agriculture field under the \"dual carbon\" goal. Compared with coal-fired power units and gas turbine units, photovoltaic (PV) power generation has significant carbon emission reduction benefits. PV is also of great significance to agricultural development. The governance mode of the combination of PV and water harvesting irrigation has not only the function of ecological restoration but also the economic benefits of agricultural production [8; 9; 10]. Greenhouse planting is a typical method for the intensive production of agricultural products [11]. Greenhouse PV can not only save land resources, but also increase the output efficiency per unit area of land [12]. If greenhouse PV power generation is used as the power source during the EV operation, it will play a positive role in the carbon reduction throughout the life cycle of the EV. In the existing research regarding the orderly dispatching of EVs, revenue is generally taken as the optimization objective [13]. An optimization strategy for EVs' participation in the frequency management market, with the goal of maximizing the revenue of EVs, was proposed in [14]. Research on the day-ahead scheduling optimization of the microgrid with the goal of minimizing the operating cost of the microgrid was carried out in [15]. A multi-objective EV-charging optimization model considering power purchase costs and battery cycle capacity was constructed in [16]. However, the studies on EV charging and discharging scheduling strategies for life cycle carbon emission and multi-field coordination between EV and other industry fields are rarely involved [17]. There is a random and fluctuating nature in greenhouse PV output, and although the time mismatch between PVs and EVs in terms of power replenishment can be resolved by deploying energy storage plants, it also faces the problem of high cost [18; 19]. EVs are purchased by individual users without additional energy storage purchase costs. The high cost of energy storage power plants can be addressed by using EVs to participate in V2G (vehicle to grid) [20; 21]. However, V2G will increase the losses to the battery and shorten its life [22]; thus, it is necessary to sign compensation contracts between EV users and EV aggregators to solve the problem of EV users' willingness to accept orderly charging and discharging [23; 24]. Based on the above analysis, the energy supply synergy between EVs and agricultural greenhouse PV power plants in reducing the carbon emission of EVs throughout its life cycle is taken as the research object in this paper. The remainder of the paper is organized as follows. In Section 2, the sources of carbon emission in the EV life cycle are analyzed. In Section 3, based on the dynamic battery life decay model considering internal resistance growth and capacity decay, a coordinated scheduling optimization model of EVs and PV power plants aimed at minimizing carbon emission is constructed.