## 6 Discussion  
This article focused on the control of a five-phase induction motor operating in a one-phase fault. The goal of the article was to present a complete mathematical derivation of modeling a five-phase induction motor in a single-phase fault and its modification, which is presented in Section 2. Another major goal was to introduce a new, modified fault-tolerant control scheme that can be easily applied to induction motors with any number of phases without requiring any hardware modifications. The entire process of adjusting the control scheme is carried out through software. It also allows for very simple customization for other engines. This is an important aspect of this study. Section 3 describes this control scheme. The control scheme is based on the equations presented in Section 2, and the operation principle is described in detail in the article. The third goal was to conduct a thorough comparison of the characteristics of the motor in normal operation, one-phase fault operation, and fault-tolerant control modifications when using the new control scheme. We looked at all of the above scenarios to see how much it is possible to improve the motor qualities by changing the control, as opposed to failure without change using the new fault-tolerant scheme. As stated in the article, there are several possible combinations that, when combined with a fault-tolerant control scheme, improve machine characteristics. As a result, we provided two options for modifying the control in the article, as described in Section 3.2. Section 4 contains detailed measurements of a real five-phase induction motor with a nominal power of 1.1 kW. To begin, motor efficiency was compared in all four states: normal operation, one-phase fault operation, control editing to unbalanced currents, and control editing to symmetrical currents. The measured torque was the rated load torque. According to these courses, the decrease in efficiency at failure compared to normal operation is 22.51%, as shown in Figure 9 This is consistent with the theory that the motor can run with a 20% drop in one-phase failure without editing. Using a fault-tolerant control strategy, we were able to increase engine efficiency. When using unbalanced current control, the reduction was reduced to 15.65% when compared to fault operation. It was only 11.43% when using symmetrical current control. According to the motor efficiency characteristics for reduced load torque, using symmetrical current control provides nearly the same efficiency, as shown in Figures 10 and 11. Following that, we concentrated on the comparison of input powers, which is critical for the operation of a motor powered by traction batteries. Section 4.2 describes the input power characteristics for all conditions based on mechanical torque and constant engine speed. These waveforms (Figures 12-14) show that in the event of a one-phase failure, the nominal torque must be reduced by 22.86% in order to maintain the same input power as in normal operation. We reduced this to 12.86% for unbalanced currents and 8.58% for symmetrical currents by using fault-tolerant control. Because of the power supply system, this measurement must be known. The motor in an EV or HEV is powered by traction batteries, and a failure of one phase would change the amount of power consumed and thus the vehicle range. As a result, the nominal/maximum torque must be reduced. The following step concentrated on the phase stator currents in all four cases. The currents in the motor will increase during the fault, and their symmetry will be unbalanced. According to the waveforms in Section 4.3 (Figures 15-17), the rated motor torque must be reduced by 59.43% in order to maintain the original power load of the motor phases. Whenusing fault-tolerant control on nonsymmetrical currents, they are reduced by 57.15% and symmetrical currents are reduced by 30.85%. The torque ripple Is a critical factor in electric motors. The sinusoidal MMF has a low torque ripple. However, if there is a failure, the motor ripple is extremely large.