# Impact of Deep Eutectic Solvents on Extraction of Polyphenols from Grape Seeds and Skin
## 3 Results and Discussion
### Phenolic Composition
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Grape** & **Solvent** & \begin{tabular}{c} **Protocatechic** \\ **Acid** \\ **(mg g\({}^{-1}\) DW)** \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} **(+)-Catechin** \\ **(mg g\({}^{-1}\) DW)** \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} **Quercetin** \\ **3-O-Glucoside** \\ **(mg g\({}^{-1}\) DW)** \\ \end{tabular} & \
\begin{tabular}{c} **Total** \\ **(mg g\({}^{-1}\) DW)** \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline \(\textbackslash{}^{}\textbackslash{}^{}\textbackslash{}^{}\textbackslash{}^{}\textbackslash{}^{}\textbackslash{}^{}\textbackslash{}^{}\) &
\begin{tabular}{c} AcEOH \\ ChCit \\ \end{tabular} & 0.240 b & & 0.240 e \\ \(\textbackslash{}^{}\textbackslash{}^{}\textbackslash{}^{}\textbackslash{}^{}\textbackslash{}^{}\) & 0.562 b & 0.245 b & & 0.807 e \\ \(\textbackslash{}^{}\textbackslash{}^{}\textbackslash{}^{}\textbackslash{}^{}\textbackslash{}^{}\textbackslash{}^{}\) & AcEOH & 0.139 c & 0.227 b & & 0.366 e \\ \(\textbackslash{}^{}\textbackslash{}^{}\textbackslash{}^{}\textbackslash{}^{}\textbackslash{}^{}\) & ChCit & 0.293 c & 0.294 b & & 0.587 e \\ \(\textbackslash{}^{}\textbackslash{}^{}\textbackslash{}^{}\textbackslash{}^{}\textbackslash{}^{}\) & AcEOH & & 0.277 b & & 0.277 e \\ \(\textbackslash{}^{}\textbackslash{}^{}\textbackslash{}^{}\textbackslash{}^{}\) & ChCit & 0.147 c & 0.275 b & 0.035 d & & 0.457 e \\ \(\textbackslash{}^{}\textbackslash{}^{}\textbackslash{}^{}\textbackslash{}^{}\textbackslash{}^{}\) & AcEOH & & 0.429 c & 0.115 e & 0.544 e \\ \(\textbackslash{}^{}\textbackslash{}^{}\textbackslash{}^{}\textbackslash{}^{}\textbackslash{}^{}\) & ChCit & 0.330 c & 0.146 d & 0.689 e & & 1.165 d \\ \(\textbackslash{}^{}\textbackslash{}^{}\textbackslash{}^{}\textbackslash{}^{}\textbackslash{}^{}\) & AcEOH & & 0.095 e & 2.479 b & 0.312 d & 2.886 e \\ \(\textbackslash{}^{}\textbackslash{}^{}\textbackslash{}^{}\textbackslash{}^{}\) & ChCit & 1.663 a & 0.191 c & 2.768 b & 0.274 d & 4.896 b \\ \(\textbackslash{}^{}\textbackslash{}^{}\textbackslash{}^{}\textbackslash{}^{}\textbackslash{}^{}\) & AcEOH & & 0.179 c & 0.348 d & 0.348 e \\ \(\textbackslash{}^{}\textbackslash{}^{}\textbackslash{}^{}\textbackslash{}^{}\textbackslash{}^{}\) & ChCit & 0.275 c & 0.061 e & 0.032 d & & 0.369 e \\ \(\textbackslash{}^{}\textbackslash{}^{}\textbackslash{}^{}\textbackslash{}^{}\textbackslash{}^{}\) & AcEOH & & 0.060 e & 2.066 b & & 2.127 c \\ \(\textbackslash{}^{}\textbackslash{}^{}\textbackslash{}^{}\textbackslash{}^{}\textbackslash{}^{}\) & ChCit & 0.085 c & 0.265 b & 4.654 a & 0.334 d & 5.338 b \\ \(\textbackslash{}^{}\textbackslash{}^{}\textbackslash{}^{}\textbackslash{}^{}\textbackslash{}^{}\) & AcEOH & & 0.061 e & 0.068 d & 0.187 e & 0.316 e \\ \(\textbackslash{}^{}\textbackslash{}^{}\textbackslash{}^{}\textbackslash{}^{}\textbackslash{}^{}\) & ChCit & 0.166 c & 0.252 b & 0.222 c & 0.130 e & 0.770 e \\ \(\textbackslash{}^{}\textbackslash{}^{}\textbackslash{}^{}\textbackslash{}^{}\textbackslash{}^{}\) & AcEOH & & 0.085 e & 0.106 c & 0.420 c & 0.611 e \\ \(\textbackslash{}^{}\textbackslash{}^{}\textbackslash{}^{}\textbackslash{}^{}\) & ChCit & 0.065 c & 0.307 a & 0.329 c & & 0.701 e \\ \(\textbackslash{}^{}\textbackslash{}^{}\textbackslash{}^{}\textbackslash{}^{}\textbackslash{}^{}\) & AcEOH & & 0.017 e & 2.612 b & 0.569 b & 3.198 c \\ \(\textbackslash{}^{}\textbackslash{}^{}\textbackslash{}^{}\textbackslash{}^{}\textbackslash{}^{}\) & ChCit & 0.098 c & 0.180 c & 5.219 a & 0.739 a & 6.237 a \\ \hline \hline \multicolumn{6}{c}{Values represent mean of three replicates. Standard deviation was \(<5\%\). Different lower case letters (a–e) indicate significant differences among solvents and varieties (\(p\leq 0.05\)) based on post hoc Tukey’s test. Abbreviations: AcEOH—acidified aqueous ethanol, ChCit—choline chloride: citric acid; DW—dry weight.} \\ \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: Phenolic composition of grape skin extracts. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Grape** & **Solvent** & \begin{tabular}{c} **Gallic Acid** \\ **(mg g\({}^{-1}\) DW)** \\ \end{tabular}  &