# Distributed Edge Computing to Assist Ultra-Low-Latency VANET Applications
## 2 Related Works  
Currently, research in the field of alternative methods of transport network management is gaining momentum. With the near release of 5G and the current innovations of the IoT system, designing a robust and reliable VANET, with ultra-low latency applications has become a demand [28]. Much research considering VANET system level design and design challenges has been conducted. In this part, we consider the most recent and related works to our proposed system. Furthermore, the novelty of the proposed work compared to these works is presented. A group of researchers from University of Toulouse reviewed the SDN hybrid architecture for ITS management [29]. The key idea of this architecture is the hybrid control level, which includes the base station controller of the mobile network and a controller of roadside unit (RSU) modules, as well as a central controller to coordinate the actions of different controllers. The central controller creates a global view of the network infrastructure by sending information to the controller of each network with data in the cloud. It sends each controller global rules describing the general behavior of the network, while BS and RSU controllers define specific rules that must be set in each network device. Communication between SDN controllers is performed using a special interface, known as East-West; communication between SDN controllers and the cloud is performed through Application Programming Interfaces (API). The aim of the experiment was to demonstrate how a global view of the network, combined and enriched with information obtained from the cloud, allows us to more effectively manage network behavior by ultimately providing a service with increased performance. However, this work did not consider the deployment of MEC technology, which represents a main part of our proposed system. This system was mainly dedicated to network management and flexibility at the application layer, while our proposed structure mainly considers traffic management and enhancing routing efficiency by the introduction of MEC servers controlled by an SDN network. Another research project on this subject comes from the work group from the University of Singapore (School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Nanyang Technological University, Singapore) [30]. This approach also involved the use of existing mobile network architecture in addition to the implementation of management based on SDN technology. It should be noted that all VANET architecture is divided into segments (Control Regions) which may contain a certain amount of RSUs and which operate a control member (Local Controller); this significantly reduces the delay in the case of transmission of information to the network management unit. The central network controller is located in its core. The interaction between the central controller and local controllers takes place based on a mobile communication network. The authors called this architecture SDVN--Software-Defined Vehicular Network. The key parameter chosen in this paper for the simulation and mathematical models was delay. For comparison, three network architectures were selected: A VANET based on the ad hoc on-demand distance vector (AODV) routing protocol, SDVN with a central controller, and SDVN with controllers located within the segments. This work shares the similarity of deploying SDN paradigm with our proposed work. However, we introduce the MEC technology as a main part of our proposed structure, which achieves various benefits in terms of latency and data offloading. Furthermore, this work only presents a structure of the core network with no performance evaluation. In [31], the authors proposed a context-aware packet-forwarding mechanism for information-centric networking (ICN) based VANETs. The relative geographical position of vehicles, the density and relative distribution of vehicles, and the priority of content were considered during the packet forwarding.