## 3 Resolutional Analysis Results
### HMS Image Resolution Analysis Based on Objective Quality Assessment
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Image**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**MSE**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**MIV**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Var.**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**SNR**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**PSNR [dB]**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**SSIM**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**MSSIM**} \\  & & & & & **[dB]** & & & \\ \hline Reference & - & 0.46 & 0.05 & 12.459 & - & - & - \\ Frost & 0 & 0.49 & 0.05 & 12.459 & - & 1 & 0.9903 \\ Gamma & 0 & 0.49 & 0.05 & 12.63 & - & 1 & 0.9903 \\ Kuan & 0.04 & 0.50 & 0.04 & 13.67 & 13.60 & 0.9153 & 0.9839 \\ Lee & 0.04 & 0.57 & 0.06 & 11.94 & 14.41 & 0.9506 & 0.9853 \\ Lee sigma & 0.06 & 0.61 & 0.05 & 12.62 & 12.58 & 0.9449 & 0.9825 \\ Local adaptive & 0.05 & 0.51 & 0.05 & 12.30 & 13.44 & 0.9477 & 0.9837 \\ Local sigma & 0.03 & 0.49 & 0.05 & 12.63 & 14.61 & 0.9675 & 0.9852 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: SAR images’ pixel-based objective quality metric results. Figure 12: NCC (**a**) difference between the reference SAR image and de-speckled sample; (**b**) between the Local adaptive median filter and reference image. More detailed texture content processing on the reference SAR image and de-speckled sample images also shows that the HMS has different non-constant effects on the SAR image while being removed with the help of spatial de-speckling filters. The results in Figure 13 attempt to quantify such a non-constant pattern as a function of local entropy and local range presentation. As can be deduced from Figure 13, the results within each de-speckled image are different from each other, and this shows that the SAR image resolution is the most common characteristic to be affected by the HMS and the spatial filter application. The results also prove that an image may only be superior in one metric while being inferior in another in other objective quality metrics. In other words, different spatial de-speckling filters will have different image resolution effects on the textures, and the spatial filter selection is relativistic while dealing with image resolution metrics. Figure 13: _Cont._  
In total, when dealing with the SAR images and de-speckled image quality assessment, system resolution and image resolution are quite different concepts. According to the filter application, such as spectral or resolution and its specific metric, a filter selection must be made. While analyzing the HMS, the RDG is more sensitive to speckle presence in comparison to the RFP. In the case of image resolution assessment, the objective metric is a determinative index for spatial filter selection. The resolutional analysis of the de-speckling procedure will help us to understand the behavior of the  
Figure 13: Texture content analysis based on local range and local entropy (**a**) reference SAR image; (**b**) reference SAR image; (**c**) Frost filtered; (**d**) Frost filtered; (**e**) Gamma filtered; (**f**) Gamma filtered; (**g**) Kuan filtered; (**h**) Kuan filtered; (**i**) Lee filtered; (**j**) Lee filtered; (**k**) Lee sigma filtered; (**l**) Lee sigma filtered; (**m**) Local adaptive median filtered; (**n**) Local adaptive median filtered; (**o**) Local sigma; (**p**) Local sigma. HMS and its suitable removal method with less information degradation. In other words, the spatial filter application must be chosen in a way to have the best SAR image information preservation.