## 3 Research Background and Hypotheses
### Intention to Adopt Green Logistics  
The willingness of organizations to integrate green logistics practices into their operations has been explored in a limited number of studies [47; 97; 98; 99]. This intention is influenced by the maturity level of green logistics within the organization, indicating the extent to which environmentally friendly logistics practices are developed and implemented. According to [97], various determinants for adopting green innovations include technological knowledge, corporate culture, management commitment, and green corporate practices. Additionally, competitor pressure, customer requirements, and employee behavior have been found to positively impact green innovation activities [98]. Challenges such as inadequate government support and limited environmental regulations have also been identified [99].  
Three main aspects could affect the intention to adopt green innovations: technology, organization, and the external environment. In terms of technology, the ease of knowledge transfer within an organization and the explicitness and accumulation of technology are considered crucial for innovative capability [47]. Organizational factors such as leadership behavior, support for innovation, availability of resources, and the quality of human capital are also deemed important. Training and education are highlighted as key to fostering a workforce capable of implementing green practices. Regarding the external environment, government support and regulations are seen as significant influencers. Government incentives and pressures from environmental uncertainty can encourage companies to adopt green practices.  
The study explores the correlation between the maturity of green logistics practices and the intention to adopt them, as detailed in Table 8. It presents **Hypothesis 7 (H7)**, proposing that the readiness to implement green logistics is more pronounced when its fundamental components achieve a mature state. The study explores various factors influencing the intention to adopt green logistics, including economic incentives, customer demand, corporate social responsibility (CSR), and competitive advantage. Economic incentives such as tax breaks, grants, or subsidies for sustainable practices can motivate businesses to adopt green logistics. The growing consumer preference for environmentally friendly products and services can push businesses to adopt green logistics to meet market demand. A commitment to CSR and the desire to enhance corporate image and stakeholder relationships can also influence the intention to implement green logistics. Additionally, the desire to gain a competitive edge over rivals through differentiation based on sustainability practices can drive the adoption of green logistics.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{p{56.9 pt} p{142.3 pt} p{142.3 pt}} \hline \hline
**Code** & **Factor** & **Description** \\ \hline V6F3 & Reduced Environmental Impact & This factor considers the extent to which green logistics technologies help in minimizing the environmental footprint of logistics activities. It includes reductions in carbon emissions, waste production, and energy consumption [24; 25]. \\ \hline V6F4 & Enhanced Corporate Image & This assesses the impact of adopting green logistics practices on the organization’s public perception and brand value. It considers how sustainability efforts contribute to a positive corporate image and reputation among consumers, investors, and other stakeholders [24; 25]. \\ \hline V6F5 & Stakeholder Engagement and Satisfaction & This factor evaluates the involvement and satisfaction levels of stakeholders (e.g., customers, employees, suppliers) with the organization’s green logistics initiatives. It includes assessing feedback mechanisms, participation in sustainability programs, and overall satisfaction with the organization’s environmental stewardship [24; 25]. \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 7: _Cont._