# Closing Connectivity Gap: An Overview of Mobile Coverage Solutions for Not-Spots in Rural Zones
## 3 Potential Solutions
### UAV-Assisted Networks
The last strategy outpaces the challenging issues that mobile ad hoc Networks (MANET) tackled in terms of communication range since a ground node can indirectly communicate with other hops through several aerial relay nodes such as UAVs [50]. The concept of FANETs has arisen in the literature in order to top off a particular form of Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET) communications and addressing scalable, reliable, real-time peer-to-peer mobile ad hoc networking between aerial and ground nodes [51]. Table 3 relates some UAV-based communication surveys where the authors have thoroughly reviewed UAS modeling strategy in fields such as civil, security, and traffic management, among others. The approaches, as mentioned earlier and among others, are comprehensively explained in Tables 4 and 5. The first acknowledges the literature of UAV-based networks between twenty and five years ago, which states the strategies that the cited authors assessed for expanding MANET coverage primarily by algorithmic solutions. The second leads our survey to the outstanding aim: to gauge the promising models for rural communications, raising the current cellular infrastructure, or even adopting a new topology for ubiquitous coverage. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{p{142.3 pt} p{142.3 pt} p{142.3 pt}} \hline \hline
**Publication** & **Brief Summary** & **Approaches Fields** \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [52] & A group of potential benefits and applications of UAV-based communications in enhancing coverage, capacity, and reliability of wireless networks. & • The key UAV challenges include 3D deployment, performance analysis, channel modeling, and energy efficiency. • A comprehensive overview of potential applications, chief research directions, and challenging open problems, among others. \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [53] & A noteworthy integration of 5G technologies with UAV communications networks upon an emerging space-air-ground integrated network architecture. & • Space-air-ground integrated network emissions for physical and network layer of UAV scheme and joint communication, computing, and caching. \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [54] & A development summary promotes the smooth integration between UAVs and cellular networks without a one-size-fits-all but affordable model. & • The authors surveyed interference issues and potential solutions on UAV-based flying relays and BS approaches. • The article sets forth the new regulations and protocols to grant cyber-physical security in both aerial nodes and UEs. \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [55] & An exhibition of the next large revolution in civil applications by introducing UAV technologies to state feasible research trends and future insights. & • Advanced civil applications road traffic’s real-time monitoring, wireless coverage, remote sensing, search and rescue, surveillance, and civil infrastructure, among others. • Discussed key challenges: charging, collision avoidance, security, and networking. \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [56] & Modeling Air-to-Ground (A2G) propagation channels in designing and evaluating stages of UAV communication and links attempts to improve AG channel measurement campaigns. & • AG wireless propagation channel research includes payload communications and control and non-payload (CNPC) networks. • The AG channel study tackles limitations such as large and small scale fading. \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [57] & Aerial network missions should vary according to the civil application aims. & • Search and rescue coverage Network coverage • Delivery and transportation • Construction \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Some surveys of UAV-based communications.