# The 6G Ecosystem as Support for IoE and Private Networks: Vision, Requirements, and Challenges
## 6 The 6G Network Infrastructure to Manage V2X Application Lifecycles
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt}} \hline \hline
**Aspect** & **Present Situation** & **Proposed Changes** \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{Use Case Descriptions and Roadmaps} & Currently, the focus is on developing and describing use cases for V2X communications, as documented across multiple volumes and white papers by 5 GAA & Proactively, the focus may pivot towards the enhancement and progression of cellular vehicle-to-everything (C-V2X) use cases, delving deeper into facets such as autonomous vehicular navigation and the direct communication interface between vehicular units and network infrastructures. \\ \cline{2-3}  & The dominant narrative highlights an array of technical prerequisites and obstacles inherent in the deployment of V2X communications. & For forthcoming 6G implementations, a meticulous elucidation of specific technical enablers and strategies to address identified challenges is imperative. \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Regulations and Standards} & The current dialogue touches upon compliance with regional and global regulations and standards, ensuring that V2X communications are standardized. & The future discourse could delve deeper into how 6G can navigate through and ensure adherence to evolving regulations and standards. \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Interoperability} & Presently, interoperability among systems from diverse manufacturers or developers is acknowledged as a significant challenge. & Looking ahead, outlining specific strategies, technologies, or frameworks to enhance interoperability in 6G V2X communications will be vital \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Present Situation and Proposed Changes in 6G V2X Communications. related to parking management and infotainment services, necessitating high data rates and low-latency communication in the 6G era. Furthermore, facilitating autonomous driving through V2X communication brings forth use cases related to cooperative maneuvering and autonomous navigation, demanding stringent communication reliability and accuracy in 6G networks. As AI's rapid integration accelerates, the evolution of autonomous functionalities and vehicle intelligence becomes increasingly evident. Thus, the next-generation C-V2X technology should establish a comprehensive solution to foster collaboration among essential stakeholders within an ITS. Several technology challenges and corresponding solutions have been documented, and some issues deserve more attention and resolution (Table 1), such as [116]:  
* C-V2X architecture, spectrum, and air interface: C-V2X needs to introduce mMIMO, VLC, THz, and radar communications to enable reliable sensing and V2X communication to support cooperation among ITS players. * Handover control, efficient network discovery/selection: The high mobility of vehicles gives rise to frequent handovers, leading to multiple transitions between points of attachment (PoA) in conventional systems, known as vertical handovers, and these events could present a considerable challenge in terms of resource allocation, resulting in notable overhead and latency. When a vehicle transits from an RSU-covered area to a BS-covered region, or vice versa, data is transferred using distinct PoAs with varying access control protocols. The use of cell-free communications, characterized by the absence of cell borders, has the potential to facilitate continuous vehicle mobility with the help of machine learning-assisted techniques [102].