###### Abstract  
The Grain for Green Project (GGP) has influenced Shaanxi Province's land-use pattern, resulting in a shift in ecosystem service value (ESV). Exploring the spatial and temporal evolution of the pattern of land use and ESV in Shaanxi Province, before and after the project's implementation, can give a theoretical foundation for regional land-use planning. For this study, we used the transfer matrix and the value equivalent approaches to investigate the influence of project implementation on the spatial distribution and evolution of patterns of land use and ESV in Shaanxi Province based on four periods of land-use data from 1990 to 2020. The results suggest the following: (1) Farmland, forestland, and grassland were the most common land-types in Shaanxi Province. Farmland, forestland, and grassland in Shaanxi Province were all altered dramatically over the research period due to the GGP. Farmland was turned mostly into forestland and grassland, and forestland and grassland areas progressively grew. (2) The EVs in Shaanxi Province were USD 3802.82, 3814.90, 3836.20, and 3806.50 billion in 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2020, respectively. The most value was supplied by hydrological management, while water resources provided the lowest value. Forestland and grassland were the most valuable land-types in high-value locations, whereas built-up land was the most valuable land-type in low-value areas. (3) While the GGP has increased the ESV of forestland and grassland, it has harmed the acreage of other land-types, resulting in a decline in the total ESV in Shaanxi Province. land use; ecosystem service value; Grain for Green Project; Shaanxi Province 202213114619 May 20221314619 May 20221314619 May 20221314619 May 20221314619 May 20221314619 May 20221314619 May 20221314619 May 2021314619 May 2021314619 May 20213  
decreases in forestland, wetland, and water areas, along with the expansion of built-up land, has resulted in a considerable decline in global ESs by measuring the global ESV and its response to land-use change from 1995 to 2015. [PERSON] et al. [19] examined the effect of land-use and land-cover changes on the value of urban ESs in Dhaka, Bangladesh. They discovered that the growth of built-up land came at the expense of farmland, forestland, and water areas, and the regional ESV continued to decline. Based on [PERSON]'s evaluation model, [PERSON] et al. [20; 21] revised and improved the ESV equivalent-per-unit area according to the actual situation in China, which was then applied to the study of ESV on different scales by many scholars [7; 22; 23; 24; 25]. The Chinese government has adopted several ecological restoration initiatives and environmental protection programs, such as the Grain for Green Project (GGP) [26; 27] and the Natural Forest Protection Project [28; 29], to enhance the regional ecological environment. As the largest ecological restoration project in the world, the GGP can alleviate the contradiction between the ecological environment and human activities by changing land-use types and landscape patterns and repairing ecosystem service functions and structures [30; 31; 32; 33]. To evaluate the effects of GPP, several scholars conducted numerous tests and provided discussions on grain production [34; 35], soil carbon sequestration capacity [36], ESV [37; 38], land use [39; 40], vegetation change [41], and other aspects. Evaluating the implementation effect of the GGP from the perspective of the ESV can provide scientific and reasonable policy suggestions for further project implementation. The ecological environment of Shaanxi Province is fragile, and soil erosion is severe; it is the most crucial implementation area for the GGP. In recent decades, the land use of Shaanxi Province has undergone tremendous changes. Current research work in this area examines the tradeoff and synergy between ecosystem services [27] and changes in vegetation ecosystem services [42].