# Review of Smart-Home Security Using the Internet of Things
## 5 Best-Practices Guide for a Secure Smart Home  
Setting up a smart-home device involves careful planning and execution to ensure seamless integration, optimal performance, and security. Here is a best-practices guide to help you set up your smart home devices effectively:  
1. Plan Your Smart Home Layout
2. Secure Your Devices
3. Update/Upgrade Regularly: Set a process to automatically or periodically seek for and install updates/upgrades. Both for firmware and application software. 4. Disposal Policy: Set safe disposal strategies for all equipment, including secure deletion/destruction of data and even physical destruction of digital components and memories/storage. 5. Device's Security Controls: Set all potential defenses that are provided by the main manufacturer (e.g., pins, extra security code, networking safeguards, etc.). 6. Minimize Exposure: Restrict connectivity to the least open/public LANs and networks that are necessary. Minimize the exposure of the system. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline
**Layer** & **Threats** & **Countermeasures** \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{Application} & Social-engineering and phishing & Threat modeling [126], ML detection [127; 130], user training, and raising awareness [16; 17] \\ \cline{2-3}  & Installation of malicious software and applications & Code and application analysis [131; 132; 133] \\ \cline{2-3}  & Attacks on access control & Multi-factor authentication [134], privacy preserving authentication [135] \\ \cline{2-3}  & Rootkit attacks & Rootkit detection with TEE [136] \\ \cline{2-3}  & Failure to install security patches and updates & User education [138] \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{Perception} & Eavesdropping and sniffing attacks & Operate within private networks and transmission of fake packets protocol [146] \\ \cline{2-3}  & Side-channel attacks & Encrypted communication [148] \\ \cline{2-3}  & Noise in data & AI and neural network anomaly detection [147] \\ \cline{2-3}  & Booting attacks & Secure booting with encryption and authentication [149] \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{Network} & DoS & WARDOG device notification and mitigation mechanism [162] \\ \cline{2-3}  & Man-in-the-middle & Multi-factor authentication of device and server [163] \\ \cline{2-3}  & Unauthorized access & Attribute-based access control with HABAC\(\alpha\)[164] \\ \cline{2-3}  & Routing and forwarding attacks & Trust-based computing with SCOTRES [165] \\ \cline{2-3}  & Traffic analysis & IDS/IPS [166] \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{Physical} & Loss of power and environmental threats & N/A \\ \cline{2-3}  & Cloning & Quantum key distribution [140] \\ \cline{2-3}  & Jamming & ML with SVM classifiers [176], trust-based authentication with TRAS [177] \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Summary of threats and examples of countermeasures per IoT layer. Set User Privileges: Restrict the number of authorized users to the minimum required. For each user, restrict access rights to the least privileges required. 6 Security Software: Set anti-virus, anti-malware, host-firewall, and host-IDS where applicable. 7 Delete Unnecessary Elements: Remove services, applications, or other elements that are insecure or not in use by the current system (e.g., Telnet). 8 Avoid Outdated Equipment: Do not use outdated devices that are not supported by the vendor anymore. 9. Configure Before Deployment: Before incorporating a new device to your system, verify that it is updated/upgraded, and all security and configurations are properly set. 3 Secure Applications and Software
1. Use Only Secure Versions: Install the latest secure and stable versions. 2. Set And Update Before Use: Upon installation, proceed immediately with the proper updates/upgrades, configurations, and settings of security/privacy. 3. Automate Updates: Set automated or periodic updates/upgrades. 4. Strong Authentication: Use strong passwords, as well as multi-factor authentication, wherever possible. 5. Application-Level Protections: Enable application-level firewalls, IDS, extra pins, or other defenses, wherever possible. 6.