## 4 Results and Discussion
### The Comparative Analysis of Test Data  
If the test results of the cuffs taken from vehicles used in the southern region are analyzed for the conditions of exploitation, simulating driving in the northern region, it can be seen that the cuffs have a shorter remaining lifespans in comparison with the test results for the cuffs used at temperature conditions simulating the exploitation in the southern region. The same conclusion can be drawn when the test results for the cuffs taken from vehicles from the southern region are considered separately; thus, the number of oscillations in the conditions simulating the exploitation in the southern region was two times bigger in comparison with the test results in the exploitation conditions simulating the northern region, so the testing was terminated, although there were no failures in the cuffs. Regarding all the results presented in Table 7, it can be concluded that a cuff's lifespan is evidently dependent on the ambient temperatures where a vehicle is exploited, namely that its lifespan is shorter at lower ambient temperatures. Therefore, we experimentally verified our hypothesis. At first glance, the relatively small sample compromises the validity of the conclusion, but by keeping in mind that all the test results fully indicated the accuracy of the hypothesis, the results could be accepted without hesitation. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Sample Number**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Vehicle**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Region of Use**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Number of Golfometers**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Temperature at Failure [°C]**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Number of Oscillations to Failure**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Number of Testing**} \\  & & & & & & & \\ \hline
1 & Volkswagen & north & 298,485 & 16.9 & 2,599,786 & — & 16 days and 21 h \\
2 & Volkswagen & north & 320,489 & 7.9 & 2,666,406 & — & 17 days and 7 h \\
3 & Opel & north & 289,583 & 19.0 & 2,986,007 & — & 19 days and 9 h \\
4 & Renault & north & 290,241 & 5.8 & 2,819,850 & — & 18 days and 7 h \\
5 & Volkswagen & south & 309,587 & 19.0 & — & 9,014,279 & 58 days and 12 h \\
6 & Opel & south & 281,456 & 19.0 & — & 10,108,004 & 65 days and 14 h \\
7 & Renault & south & 244,327 & 19.0 & — & 11,931,162 & 77 days and 10 h \\
8 & Renault & south & 237,327 & 19.0 & — & 8,331,308 & 54 days and 2 h \\
9 & Volkswagen & north & 298,545 & \(-\)14.1 & 1,554,906 & — & 10 days and 2 h \\
10 & Volkswagen & north & 320,148 & \(-\)13.7 & 1,822,630 & — & 11 days and 20 h \\
11 & Volkswagen & north & 332,874 & \(-\)14.3 & 1,795,112 & — & 11 days and 16 h \\
12 & Renault & north & 274,121 & \(-\)12.4 & 1,981,989 & — & 12 days and 21 h \\
13 & Renault & south & 298,745 & \(-\)13.3 & 4,427,388 & — & 28 days and 18 h \\
14 & Volkswagen & south & 334,584 & \(-\)18.4 & 3,541,361 & — & 23 days \\
15 & Ford & south & 225,121 & \(-\)20.1 & 4,745,626 & — & 30 days and 19 h \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 7: The test results for the cuffs from both groups. Figure 11: Equivalent von Mises stresses in transverse cross-section of a cuff (isometric view) at different temperatures: (**a**) at \(-20\) °C; (**b**) at \(20\) °C. The experimental research lasted more than 228 days, bearing in mind that, in most cases, two cuffs were simultaneously tested on the simulator. A comparative analysis of the results for the tested cuffs taken from vehicles exploited in different regions, namely at different temperatures ranging from 4 \({}^{\circ}\)C to 20 \({}^{\circ}\)C, corresponding to the temperatures in the southern region for a large part of the year and the second group of samples, tested at a temperature of -4 \({}^{\circ}\)C to -20 \({}^{\circ}\)C, which is a characteristic of the northern region for a significant part of the year, were carried out in this paper. Therefore, Table 7 presents the results from both tested groups and a comparison is also given.