# Identifying Energy-Use Behavior and Energy-Use Profiles of Hotel Guests
## 6 Results and Discussion  
In this study, an energy-use survey was designed with a goal to examine the effect of each identified measure on hotel guests' energy-use behavior. Accordingly, fifty-two questions were designed using Qualtrics software, as shown in Appendix A, to measure 11 hypotheses of this study (see Figure 1). In the 52-question energy-use survey, 18 questions were asked (questions 1-18 in Appendix A) to measure five categories representing five hypotheses (H1-H5). The results from these hypotheses were then used to measure the Motivation level of the hotel guests (see Figure 1). Moreover, 11 questions were asked (questions 32-42 in Appendix A) to measure three categories representing three hypotheses (H6-H8). The results from these hypotheses were then used to measure the Opportunity level of the hotel guests (see Figure 1). Additionally, 13 questions were asked (questions 19-31 in Appendix A) to measure three categories representing three hypotheses (H9-H11). The results from these hypotheses were then used to measure the Ability level of the hotel guests (see Figure 1). The results from the reliability analysis indicated that the most influential questions in the energy-use survey for each of the three MOA levels are: (1) Motivation level: Questions 6, 7, 11, 13, 16, and 17; (2) Opportunity level: Questions 32, 34, 36, 40, and 41; (3) Ability level: Questions 28, 29, 30, and 31. The influential questions are highlighted in blue in Appendix A. These influential questions were then used to identify the energy-use behavior of the hotel guests in hotel buildings by performing the K-means clustering algorithm. After that, the energy-use behavior and energy-use profiles of hotel guests were identified in this study. The energy-use behavior of hotel guests was identified for each of the three MOA levels (i.e., Motivation level, Opportunity level, and Ability level). The energy-use behavior for the 370 hotel guests participated in this study varied from Low energy-use behavior to High energy-use behavior. The energy-use behavior of hotel guests in this study were as follows:  
* Motivation level: the results for the Motivation level of hotel guests indicated that about 26% of the hotel guests have Low energy-use behavior, about 24% have Medium-Low energy-use behavior, about 29% have Medium-High energy-use behavior, and about 21% have High energy-use behavior (see Figure 9). * Opportunity level: the results for the Opportunity level of hotel guests showed that about 26% of the hotel guests have Low energy-use behavior, about 25% have Medium-Low energy-use behavior, about 30% have Medium-High energy-use behavior, and about 19% have High energy-use behavior (see Figure 10). * Ability level: the results for the Ability level of hotel guests indicated that about 19% of the hotel guests have Low energy-use behavior, about 34% have Medium-Low energy-use behavior, about 20% have Medium-High energy-use behavior, and about 27% have High energy-use behavior (see Figure 11). After determining the energy-use behavior of hotel guests for each of the three MOA levels, the energy-use profiles of hotel guests were identified based on the energy-use profile matrix shown in Figure 7. The energy-use profiles of hotel guests in this study varied from Resistant to Change energy-use profile to Prone to Change energy-use profile. Resistant to Change energy-use profile indicates bad or dark energy consumption behavior of hotel guests and Prone to Change energy-use profile refers to good energy consumption behavior of hotel guests in hotel buildings. Figure 12 shows an example for the process of identifying the energy-use profile of a hotel guest (energy-use survey participant in this study) after the guest's energy-use behavior for each of the three MOA levels has been identified. The guest had Low energy-use behavior Motivation level (i.e., color coded in red), Medium-Low energy-use behavior Opportunity level (i.e., color coded in orange), and High energy-use behavior Ability level (i.e., color coded in green).