## 4 Conclusions  
Polymerizations in emulsion, at different concentrations of DVB, were performed. Varying pH, slightly negatively charged, and cationic VBS surface-modified SNPs were obtained. It was clear that the SNPs played a predominant role in the mechanisms of Pickering emulsion polymerization. It has been found that the size, structure, and morphology of the final hybrid polymer product are strictly related to the affinity of the SNPs to the growing oligomers. When the SNPs were highly flocculated (pH = 9), they did not directly participate in the polymerization mechanisms. However, the coagulation process was limited through the formation of a three-dimensional SNP network. Under these conditions, the submicronic St-co-DVB was obtained. Its polydispersity and irregular shape were mainly attributed to the presence of DVB, whose reactivity differs from that of St. On the contrary, when the polymerizations were performed with slightly flocculated VBS surface-modified SNPs (pH = 5), the inorganic nanoparticles directly interfered in the polymerization process. VBS adsorbed onto the SNPs, allowing the formation of tethered polymer chains onto the SNPs. At the early stage of the reactions, amphiphilic SNPs were formed via the collapsing of the growing oligomers onto the SNPs' surface. Nevertheless,  
Figure 6: Schematic representation of the polymerization mechanisms that occurred in acid Pickering emulsions at (top) 1 wt% DVB and (bottom) 2 and 3 wt% DVB. In the 1 wt% DVB experiment: (**A**) formation of patchy SNPs, (**B**) agglomeration of patchy SNPs into copolymer-SNP clusters, and (**C**) formation of core–shell copolymer microspheres. In the 2 and 3 wt% DVB experiments: (**D**) formation of patchy SNPs, (**E**) adsorption of patchy SNPs at the droplets’ interface, stabilized by VBS-SNPs, (**F**) formation of bijel, and (**G**) formation of monolith due to ongoing bijel polymerization.  
the flexibility and size of the hydrophobic patches were controlled by the concentration of DVB, which, in turn, affected the hydrophilic-hydrophobic balance of the amphiphilic SNPs. At 2 and 3 wt% DVB, the amphiphilic character of the SNPs allowed them to be adsorbed at the oil-water droplet interface. Thus, during the polymerizations, the droplet interfaces were characterized by the presence of hydrophilic and hydrophobic SNPs where polymerization continued. As the hydrophobicity of the attached amphiphilic SNPs increased, due to the ongoing polymerization, their radius of curvature was modified until an emulsion inversion or destabilization was induced, leading to the formation of bijets. The ongoing polymerization of the jammed emulsions, until complete monomer conversion, gave rise at the end to the formation of a hybrid monolith with bi-continuous morphology.  
[PERSON] designed and performed the experiments. [PERSON] and [PERSON] were involved in planning and result interpretation. [PERSON] and [PERSON] wrote the manuscript. [PERSON], [PERSON] and [PERSON] reviewed the manuscript. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
This study was supported financially by CONACyT grant CB-2014-240160. FLS gratefully acknowledges support by UNAM, DGAPA (PAPIIT IN112221).  
Not applicable.  
Data availability StatementData is contained within the article.