## 4 Results and Discussion
### Access Management, Urban Logistics, and Sustainable Development Goals  
Considering the interconnectedness of access management strategies and urban logistics, several variables align with the objectives of the United Nations' 2030 Agenda (Table 2). The uptake of alternative vehicles, for example, directly supports SDG 7, advancing efforts towards accessible, safe, sustainable, and affordable energy. The quality of urban life, road safety, and the optimization of urban spaces are critical factors relevant to SDG 11. Access management interventions that foster more liveable, secure, and inclusive urban settings can bolster social cohesion, equity, and the long-term viability of urban communities. Air pollution, frequently stemming from city vehicle traffic, has a clear connection to SDG 15. Mitigating air pollution through access management can aid in preserving air quality and safeguarding urban and natural ecosystems, thereby contributing to the sustainable watership of land resources and biodiversity conservation. Lastly, road safety and urban space optimization can be linked to SDG 9. Implementing access management policies aimed at enhancing road safety and improving infrastructure utilization can promote the sustainability and resilience of cities, as well as encourage innovation within the transportation and urban mobility sectors. A fundamental aspect is therefore fleet composition, indicated by the proportion of alternative vehicles in relation to overall fleet capacity. This proportion is directly shaped by UVAR measures and incentives for adopting cleaner vehicles, and it is key to understanding shifts in transportation modes. Vehicle availability also influences this proportion, affected by market dynamics and company limitations. Grasping these interactions is vital for refining fleet composition and encouraging the adoption of alternative and sustainable transportation options. Furthermore, this viewpoint emphasizes the interdependencies among various elements, such as vehicle carrying capacity, and their influence on logistical efficiency and the urban environment. This deeper comprehension of SDGs empowers decision-makers to evaluate the efficacy of public policies more precisely and to pinpoint potential synergies or trade-offs between diverse objectives, like diminishing air pollution, improving road safety, and streamlining urban space. Ultimately, this approach can serve as a valuable instrument for informing policy formulation and supporting the development of more impactful and enduring public policies within the realm of urban logistics and access management. As an advantage, this framework enables the analysis of combined measures in a mutually reinforcing and effective manner. This integrative capacity could allow decision-makers to craft more holistic and consistent strategies to enhance urban logistics and urban access management. For example, UVAR policies can be combined with incentives for transitioning to alternative vehicles to gauge impacts on emissions, while smart city management and vehicle technologies, utilizing real-time data, connectivity, and automation, can be coordinated with the introduction of electric vehicles to assess effects on traffic flow or road safety. Moreover, the constructive collaboration of various measures can boost the overall effectiveness of urban logistics and contribute to achieving goals related to sustainability and urban quality of life. A forward-thinking approach to urban planning and mobility, centered on human well-being, necessitates leveraging smart city management and vehicle technologies to foster sustainable urban regeneration--economically, ecologically, and socially. This involves a change in basic assumptions towards prioritizing people and the environment in urban design and policy. Integrating real-time data from connected vehicles and infrastructure allows for dynamic adaptation of urban spaces and mobility systems, optimizing traffic flow, reducing emissions, and enhancing accessibility for all citizens.