## 2 Related Work
### The Science-Technology Association Detection Method  
At present, scholars mainly explore the connection between science and technology by quantifying the relationship between scientific papers and technological patents [17]. Common research methods include four types of detection methods: based on citation relationships, based on author-inventor relationships, based on category mapping, and based on subject terms [18]. The first type is the science-technology association detection method based on citation relationships. This method measures and evaluates the contribution degree of the interactions between science and technology by tracking the flow and diffusion of knowledge between them. [PERSON] et al. [19] conducted a detailed analysis of the utility patents granted by the United States Patent and Trademark Office from 1976 to 2020 and their citations in Chinese scientific publications. The purpose was to explore the evolutionary process of the influence of China's scientific output on global and domestic technologies. [PERSON] et al. [20] constructed a citation network based on scientific publications and patents. It was found that science and technology can not only interact with each other, but also promote the progress of industry. The second type is the association detection method based on author-inventor relationships. This method analyzes the relevant situation of academic papers and invention patents published by researchers with double identities of academic paper authors and patent inventors (i.e., academic inventors) to reveal the interactive relationship between science and technology. [PERSON] et al. [21] conducted an exploratory study on the authors and inventors involved in patents in the field of gene editing from 2000 to 2019. They found that authors-inventors, who are the gatekeepers of the technological frontier, are crucial for knowledge transfer. [PERSON] et al. [22] conducted an in-depth analysis of the continuous research topics of papers and patents of highly influential academic inventors. On this basis, they identified and compared the differences and connections of frontier topics between science and technology in high-tech fields. The third type is the association detection method based on category mapping. This method usually constructs the category mapping relationship between scientific papers and patent data based on specific categories. [PERSON] et al. [23] proposed a co-occurrence mapping method based on category similarity calculation. This method is utilized to help identify the characteristics of scientific and technological development between papers and patents in different academic disciplines. [PERSON] et al. [24] explored the interactive characteristics and patterns between science and technology in the field of biopharmaceuticals from the perspective of bidirectional mapping of classification systems. The fourth approach is science-technology association detection based on subject terms. Scholars usually employ methods such as machine learning and data mining to reveal the association between science and technology from the perspective of text subjects. [PERSON] et al. [25] combined knowledge structure information with text semantics to reveal the connections between science and technology from the perspective of research topics. [PERSON] [26] analyzed the characteristics and differences in the knowledge association patterns between scientific papers and patent research using natural language processing techniques. The above-mentioned research methods, based on scientific papers and patent research, explore the inherent relationship between science and technology from multiple dimensions based on ensuring the reliability and authority of research. However, the first three types of research methods usually have a high dependence on subjective participation or manual classification, which may lead to the filtering of some potential knowledge and then affect the objectivity of the research conclusions.