# Survey on Security Threats in Agricultural IoT and Smart Farming
## 4 Mitigation Measures and Strategies for Security Threats in Agriculture
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Mitigation Measures** & **Short Description** & **Security Aspect Threat** & **IoT Layer Threat** & **Studies** \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Firmware Update} & It is important to be checked if an update & \multirow{4}{*}{Privacy, \multirow{4}{*}{Application}} & \multirow{4}{*}{[92,106,107,114-120]} \\  & mechanism is installed or even turned on in the device, in order to prevent various online & & \\  & and offline attacks. & & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Block Unnecessary Forts} & Block unnecessary, vulnerable or overlooked & Privacy, Authenticity, \multirow{4}{*}{Non-Repudiation} & \multirow{4}{*}{Internet} & [100,101,107,110,114-118,120,121] \\  & Ports, so prevent a possible cyberattack or device exploitation. & & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Dissable Tinet} & Tinet is a great security risk due the fact of & Privacy, Authenticity, \multirow{4}{*}{Non-Repudiation} & \multirow{4}{*}{Internet} & [100,101,107,110,114-118,120,122] \\  & sending passwords and usernames in clear & & \\  & text. It should be ensured that is turned off & & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Encrypted Communication Usage (SSL/TLS)} & Using a secure protocol such as SSL/TLS & \multirow{4}{*}{Confidentiality, \multirow{4}{*}{Access Gateway}} & \multirow{4}{*}{[93,94,108,111,114-117,119,120]} \\  & consists an essential step towards a device & & & \\  & security through transport encryption. & & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Strong Passwords} & A token could be used to increase the security & Privacy, \multirow{4}{*}{Middleware} & [93,94,100,107,109,114-117,120,123] \\  & level of the device. & & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Encryption of Drives} & Keep the data inaccessible in case of a & \multirow{4}{*}{Privacy, Integrity} & Middleware, \multirow{4}{*}{[93,94,100,107,109,114-117,120,123]} \\  & device their. & & & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Accounts Lockout} & Account Lockout mechanism(s) should be & \multirow{4}{*}{Privacy, \multirow{4}{*}{Confidentiality,Authenticity}} & \multirow{4}{*}{Edge Technology} & [93,94,100,107,109,114-117,123] \\  & incorporated in the device so as to allow a legitimate user to access and & & \\  & reitertive information. & & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Periodic Assessment of Devices} & Devices need periodic cybersecurity & \multirow{4}{*}{Privacy, Availability} & \multirow{4}{*}{Edge Technology} & [93,94,100,107,109,114-117,120] \\  & assessments in order to check and avoid & & & \\  & possible new vulnerabilities of any type. & & & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Secure Password Recovery} & Helps to retrieve back missed credentials in a & Privacy, \multirow{4}{*}{Middleware} & [93,94,100,107,109,114-120] \\  & secure way. & & & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Two-Factor Authentication} & Keep data encrypted and protected as well. & Privacy, \multirow{4}{*}{Middleware} & [93,94,100,107,109,114-118,120] \\  & network to aspiring attackers, the UPr must & & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & be disabled as it does not require any & \multirow{4}{*}{Privacy, \multirow{4}{*}{Internet}} & [93,94,100,107,110,114-117,120] \\ \cline{1-1}  & authentication, which renders it an important security flaw. & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: Mitigation countermeasures against cybersecurity threats and attacks. * Self-Organizing Maps (SOMs);
* Natural Language Processing (NLP);
* Biologically inspired techniques, such as Deep Neural Networks (DNN) and/or Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs). The emergence of such methods has enabled efficient handling and analysis of large amounts of data (e.g., files extracted from server logs, communication equipment, security solutions and blogs related to information security, in different types of structured and unstructured formats), so as to support a variety of conceptual models, security activities and knowledge generation mechanisms. This leads to efficient decision making or automation of security responses without the need for human interception [127].