# Effect of PEMF on Muscle Oxygen during Cycling:
## 3 Results  
Tables 1 and 2 show the mean values for VO2 and for HHb kinetics recorded in both experimental conditions. For VO2 kinetics, analysis have not shown any significant differences between conditions (ON vs. OFF). VO2 on-kinetics analysis for a representative subject is presented in Figure 1.  
For HHb kinetics, we found that HHb tended to be higher (mean: 25.63 \(\pm\) 4.1 vs. 23.21 \(\pm\) 5.5 uM for ON and OFF, respectively, \(p\) = 0.062; d = 0.50) when subjects were stationary on the bike, just before the baseline started. Analysis showed a significant difference between mean values at steady-state (t\({}_{(17)}\) = \(-\)1.751; \(p\) = 0.049; ES = 0.17-small), for the amplitude (t\({}_{(17)}\) = \(-\)2.306; \(p\) = 0.017; ES = 0.24-moderate), TD (t\({}_{(17)}\) = 2.609; \(p\) = 0.009; ES = 0.33-moderate), \(\tau_{P}\) (t\({}_{(17)}\) = 2.296; \(p\) = 0.017; ES = 0.28-moderate), and MRTP (t\({}_{(17)}\) = 0.531; \(p\) < 0.01; ES = 0.41-moderate) of the primary component, and for TD (t\({}_{(17)}\) = 1.760; \(p\) = 0.048; ES = 0.2-moderate) of the slow component. HHb on-kinetics analysis for a representative subject is presented in Figure 2. There were no differences in TOI values between conditions (\(p>0.05\); Figure 3). \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Base**} & **Ss** & **Ap** & **TDP** & **rp** & **Ap** & **As** & **TDs** & **vs** & **MRTp** & **MRTs** & **Sc** & **Cain** \\ \multicolumn{1}{c}{**(\(\mu\)/min)**} & **(\(\mu\)/min)** & **(\(\mu\)/min)** & **(sec)** & **(sec)** & **(\(\mu\)/min)** & **(sec)** & **(sec)** & **(sec)** & **(sec)** & **(sec)** & **(\(\mu\)/min)** \\ \hline
**OFF** & 0.93\(\pm\)0.00 & 3.45\(\pm\)0.10 & 2.52\(\pm\)0.10 & 19.15\(\pm\)1.50 & 19.55\(\pm\)1.50 & 0.54\(\pm\)0.00 & 107.26\(\pm\)5.90 & 93.98\(\pm\)15.80 & 38.70\(\pm\)1.80 & 201.04\(\pm\)15.60 & 0.24\(\pm\)0.00 & 6.24\(\pm\)0.90 & 8.88\(\pm\)0.20 \\
**ON** & 0.94\(\pm\)0.00 & 3.46\(\pm\)0.10 & 2.52\(\pm\)0.10 & 18.44\(\pm\)2.20 & 17.94\(\pm\)1.60 & 0.51\(\pm\)0.00 & 104.50\(\pm\)10.10 & 90.21\(\pm\)12.67 & 36.38\(\pm\)2.60 & 194.71\(\pm\)15.10 & 0.25\(\pm\)0.00 & 6.26\(\pm\)0.80 & 8.88\(\pm\)0.20 \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Mean values (\(\pm\)SEM) of V02 on-kinetics recorded during constant load exercise in both conditions (PEM OFF; PEM ON). Base, baseline; Ss, steady-state; Ap, amplitude of primary component; TDP, time delay for primary component; tp, tau for primary component; As, amplitude of slow component; TDs, time delay for slow component; vs, tau for slow component; MRT, mean response time for primary component; MRTs, mean response time for slow component; Sc, magnitude of slow component. Asterisk indicates significant differences at \(p\) < 0.05. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Base**} & **Ss** & **Ap** & **TDP** & **rp** & **As** & **TDs** & **vs** & **MRTp** & **MRTs** & **Sc** & **Cain** \\ \multicolumn{1}{c}{**(\(\mu\)/min)**} & **(\(\mu\)/min)** & **(\(\mu\)/min)** & **(sec)** & **(sec)** & **(\(\mu\)/min)** & **(sec)** & **(sec)** & **(sec)** & **(sec)** & **(\(\mu\)/min)** \\ \hline
**OFF** & 0.93\(\pm\)0.00 & 3.45\(\pm\)0.10 & 2.52\(\pm\)0.10  
Figure 1: Model fit for VO\({}_{2}\) kinetics between conditions, OFF (black dot) and ON (grey square) for a typical subject. Vertical dotted line at time 0 represents the transition from unloaded cycling (baseline) to constant load exercise. Horizontal dashed line represents the baseline. Data points are average values calculated each second. Figure 2: Model fit for HHb kinetics between conditions, OFF (black dot) and ON (grey square) for a typical subject. The first 60 s represent HHb values recorded when subject was stationary on the bike, just before baseline values (subsequent 60 s). Vertical dotted line at time 0 represents the transition from unloaded cycling (baseline) to constant load exercise. Horizontal dashed line represents baseline. Data points are average values calculated each second.