# Usage of IoT Framework in Water Supply Management for Smart City in Nepal
## 3 Proposed Methodology
### Development of IoT Framework
ML algorithms in the IoT gateway help provide security to great extent in a system that comes with the challenges of securing IoT devices. Unusable or incongruities in data communication from extremity devices can be detected by using a gateway in the ANN [58]. Effective utilization of resources, knowledge-based economy, modest economy, and creativity, as well as innovation, are a pre-requisite for sustainability and growth of any city, and these are possible by making the city smart [59]. The easiest way to analyze the energy consumption of a society is to use an air quality monitoring service, an urban IoT application that keeps track of the energy consumption of a whole city. Analysis of data generated from this application is enough to understand how, where and when energy is consumed in a city. This information can be a basis for installing public infrastructures such as surveillance cameras, traffic control systems, streetlights, and everything else that runs on energy. Moreover, it allows setting an automated system that controls this infrastructure more efficiently [60]. Big data analytics can be used for radical change and governance of the cities with the aid of available mountains of data which provides a more jaded, wider range of understanding as well as control of chaos in urbanity, this also contributes to making the city smart [61]. Managing and controlling water resources is easy with IoT-based water monitoring system. It is fitted with a camera that takes an image of a traditional water meter and predicts the reading by calculating the angle of dial pointers in the image [62]. WiFi enables communication that can translate data from low-power sensors. However, collecting event-driven upload of data from numerous low-power sensors with low latency can be challenging. Nodes are generally scanned by access points in the WiFi to schedule transmission times of the uplink and that is a major cause of introducing large latency in the system [63]. The important data should only be transmitted through the WSN intersection points because of the limitations in power supply at these nodes. This not only speeds up the network performance but also is energy efficient [64]. The future of the IoT is not just a theory but a practical requirement. European directive for energy efficiency improvement calls for IoT with a similar capacity that can be integrated with their power grid. On the one hand, these devices will monitor problems and automate solutions at a much larger scale and, on the other hand, they will generate enough data on the complexity of management of a city to use this for planning a smart city [60]. Cities operate with a high efficiency thereby, providing and promoting improved services to citizens and existing businesses. The sensors and related modules play a significant role in generating data in IoT applications and frameworks. All the components may not be useful for a single system. Different components have different usage in different systems. However, the framework built here is for water supply management and consumption as well as leakage monitoring. The framework can be applied to different sectors as well. The second section is the control and processing unit. The key element in this section is either any microcontroller or any system on chip (SOC). Their versions also play an important role in developing the system. IP assignment, programming language, a memory of the system, the protocols used for communications, data encryption technologies/algorithms, all of them have several roles. This section can be regarded as the heart of the IoT system. The SOC or microcontroller acts as a gateway of the system from where the data goes out and data come in. The system is connected to the network either through LAN or WAN by interfacing the gateway to the Ethernet, is therefore Ethernet protocol should be adhered. A huge volume of data are generated from the system, all these data might not be important, so, data filtering should be done at this stage.