## 5 Conclusions  
This paper presents research results using a full-scale model and numerical model for a mechanically stabilized earth (MSE) retaining wall with a self-fabricated galvanized steel reinforcement grid applied to low-cohesion soil in the Danang area. The research results demonstrate that the self-fabricated galvanized steel reinforcement worked in conjunction with the MSE wall to resist high loads with small displacement, indicating that local reinforcement materials can confidently be used in MSE constructions.  
There were some findings from the study:  
Figure 16: Lateral displacement of the wall facing from the physical and numerical models.  
Figure 15: Tensile forces from the physical and numerical models.  
* The retaining wall suddenly collapsed due to internal instability (reinforcement rupture) at a load level of 302 kN/m\({}^{2}\), which was 15 times greater than the design load. At that failure mode, the maximum lateral displacement at the top of the wall facing was 3899 um, which was much less than the allowable displacement of the wall (3 cm). The failure surface within the reinforced soil block was similar to theoretical studies.
* It was noted that when the test load was lower than the design load (<20 kN/m\({}^{2}\)) the tensile forces in the deepest reinforcement layer showed the highest value. However, the upper reinforcement layers achieved the highest tensile forces when the test load increased. Thus, it is essential to enhance the bearing capacity of the reinforcement layers near the ground surface in special constructions with a very high surcharge load.
* The measured data from the full-scale model were validated by the numerical model using FLAC software. The tensile load distribution pattern in the reinforcement layer and the lateral displacement of the wall were similar to the research results from other studies and were in good agreement with the current standards.
* The experimental results also demonstrated that when using a self-fabricated galvanized steel reinforcement (CB300V; \(\Phi\) 10) for the MSE wall, the wall maintained its stability under the applied load considering a metal loss of 65% of the initial tensile strength. Deformations to the reinforcement were minimal, and the wall was capable of withstanding high surcharge loads. Therefore, self-fabricated galvanized steel reinforcement grids and the specific soil material in the Danang area could be used as the reinforcement material for MSE walls with high stability.  
Conceptualization: T.-H.N.; Data Collection: T.-L.C. and T.-H.N.; Methodology: T.-H.N. and T.-L.C.; Supervision: T.-L.C.; Writing--original draft: V.-N.P.; Writing--review and editing: V.-N.P. and T.-L.C. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
This work was supported by the Ministry of Education and Training, The University of Danang, University of Science and Technology. The code number of the project was B2021-DNA-12.  
Not applicable.  
The raw data supporting the conclusions of this article will be made available by the authors on request.  
The authors declare no conflicts of interest.  
The following symbols are used in this paper:  
\begin{tabular}{l l} MSE walls & Mechanically stabilized earth walls \\ GSG & GAlvamized steel grid \\ F\({}_{0}\) & Initial tensile strength of the reinforcement \\ \(\Delta\)F & Proportional loss of tensile strength of the reinforcement \\ L\({}_{\text{a}}\) & Length of the reinforcement bars in the failure zone \\ L\({}_{\text{e}}\) & Length of the reinforcement bars in the backfill zone \\ f\({}^{*}\) & Apparent friction coefficient for the steel reinforcement and backfill interfaces \\ C\({}_{\text{u}}\) & Coefficient of uniformity of the backfill soil \\ \end{tabular}