## 2 Materials and Methods
_Apparatus._ The preparation and cutting of the samples were performed with a Shep-pack 250 electric circular saw, and the sectioning in half, along the longitudinal direction, was performed with a manual saw. Wood moisture was measured with a digital hygrometer with pins--a digital moisture meter with \(\pm 4\%\) deviation and 0.1 accuracy. To measure the mass, the analytical scale Kern EHA 500-1 was used, with a precision of 0.01 g, and the dimensions were measured using the digital caliper. The variations in deformation measurements were determined with an HBM Machines dial gauge, and the depth of curvature was measured with the Parkside PTM 2 A1 digital apparatus. The devices can be seen in Figure 4.  
To determine the density, which can be defined as the ratio between mass and volume, the ISO 3131-1975 [37] standard was used for the samples with moisture content at the time of testing. Also based on the same standard, the conventional humidity was determined as a ratio between the mass in the dry state and the volume of the sample with a high moisture content--after extraction from (partial) immersion. Thus, Equations (1a) and (1b) were used:  
\[\rho_{W}=\frac{m_{w}}{v_{w}}\left[\text{g/ cm}^{3}\right]\] (1a) where \[\rho_{w}=\text{moisture density at the time of testing;}\] \[m_{w}=\text{mass of the sample at the set humidity at the time of testing, in g;}\] \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Cleaners** & **Density** & **Quantity Used/Container/Specimen Set** & **Quantity Used/Container/Specimen Set** \\  & **(g/cm\({}^{3}\))** & **(g)** & **(mL)** \\ \hline Water & 1.00 & 150/300 & 150/300 \\ Acetone & 0.7899 & 118.49/237.97 & 150/300 \\ White spirit (D40) & 0.789 & 118.35/236.7 & 150/300 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Solvents used for the experiment and their parameters. Figure 3: Representation of the technique for immersing the samples. \(v_{w}\) = volume of the sample at the set humidity at the time of testing, in cm\({}^{3}\). \[\rho_{y}=\frac{m_{i}}{v_{u}}\ \Big{[}\text{g/ cm}^{3}\Big{]}. \tag{1b}\]  
Here,  
\(\rho_{y}\) = conventional density;  
\(m_{i}\) = mass of the dry/conditioned specimen, initially, in g;  
\(v_{u}\) = the volume of the sample at the set humidity, at the moment of extraction from the immersion in cm\({}^{3}\). In order to determine the moisture content, the principle found in the EN 13183-1/2002 [38] standard was used; however, due to the fact that historical wooden elements recovered from cultural assets cannot be fully subjected to the rigors of the standards, the calculation formulas and application principles for the field of cultural property restoration were adopted. Since the historical wood pieces cannot be brought to 0% humidity, especially in real conditions when there is polychromy, it was decided to condition the recovered samples in a controlled environment. The recorded humidity had values of between 8.4 and 9.6%--considered the initial humidity (in relation to the standard, u0). Thus, to obtain the moisture content after partial immersion, Formula (2) will be used:  
\[MC=\frac{m_{u}-m_{i}}{m_{i}}\.\ 100[\%] \tag{2}\]  
where  
\(MC\) = moisture content, as a percentage;  
\(m_{u}\) = wet mass of the sample extracted from immersion, in g;  
\(m_{i}\) = initial mass, in g.  
Linear swelling was calculated according to the ISO 4859-1982 [39] standard, using Formula (3):  
\[\alpha_{TG}=\frac{l_{max}-l_{min}}{l_{min}}\.\ 100[\%] \tag{3}\]  
where  
\(\alpha_{TG}\) = swelling on the tangential section (TG), expressed as a percentage;  
\(l_{max}\) = size of the wet samples when extracted from immersion solvents, in mm;  
\(l_{min}\) = is the size of the dry samples, before immersion, in mm. Figure 4: The measuring devices used to determine deformation. The amount of absorbed solvent (Abs.