# An Efficient 5G Data Plan Approach Based on Partially Distributed Mobility Architecture
###### Abstract
Moreover, packets still need to go through the core network via the mobility anchor with longer distances, increasing the end-to-end  
Figure 1: The Evolved Packet Core (EPC) model for 4 th generation (4G) mobile networks. delay. Secondly, managing both data and control traffic in S-GW and P-GW increase the packet overhead, signaling, and producing a single point of failure. Several researchers attempt to enhance the EPC architecture by proposing Software Defined Networking (SDN) technology. For instance, Refs. [20; 21], the authors decomposed and classified the functions according to their impact on the control plane and data plane processing while proposing an SDN network element using the OpenFlow protocol. In [22], the authors suggested OpenFlow-based architecture by merging control protocols that run on S1-MME and S11, several other proposals can be found in [23; 24]. All such proposals show SDN-based architecture splitting control and data plane. They analyzed the procedures necessary for the entire OpenFlow-enabled LTE/EPC.Although the results with signaling load are good, the proposed architectures are still based on centralized mobility. Therefore, we propose a partially distributed EPC architecture to enhance end-to-end latency.Although the results with signaling load are good, their proposal architectures are still based on centralized mobility. Therefore, we are proposing a partially distributed EPC architecture to enhance end-to-end latency. Distributed Mobility Management (DMM) is an exciting approach attracting much research from both academia and industry. The results in [25; 26] indicated that DMM is a promising solution to the challenge of handling a vast number of data traffic over the mobile network. This paper [27] shows that there are two types of design for DMM, partially distributed and fully distributed. In the partially distributed scheme, the control plane is centralized while the data plane is distributed. However, the entire distribution scheme distributes both the control plane and the data plane. The author concluded that a fully distributed approach is valuable for limited deployments, such as local to metropolitan areas, but not suitable for global area networks. Thus, partial distribution becomes a primary key in our proposed 5G architecture. In [28] the authors proposed two solutions for a partially distributed approach; the first solution includes PMIPv6-based DMM based modifying classical Proxy Mobile IPv6 protocol. Second, it follows a Software-Defined Networking called SDN-based DMM. While [29] presents a proxy mobile IPv6 based on DMM and presents an evaluation of SDN network and DMM solutions. Most of the above methods show that the PMIPv6-based DMM concept and the user's IP address are assigned and unchanged during mobility situations. The IP layer is unaware of the U.E. mobility. In this paper [30], a mobility management model is proposed to improve the handover performance between the 4g and 5g networks. The proposed work employs dual connectivity for mobility management since dual connectivity has a minor handover delay compared to standard hard handover.. Based on the application-specific approach, the authors proposed a data split method between 4G and 5G RATs. [PERSON] et al. propose mobility management method to optimize the handover process based on an improved Multi-Objective optimization (MMO) approach using Ratio Analysis (R.A.) and the Q-learning method, namely E-MOORA. The proposed work combines the enhanced entropy weighting method with the MMO by R.A. The results show that the E-MOORA approach decreases ranking anomaly during the handover process to select the target cell. Furthermore, to satisfy the user QoS demands, the Q-learning method is employed to choose the best triggering points to minimize the impact of frequent undesirable handovers [31]. Other optimization techniques that can be used are founded in [32; 33; 34]. The authors in [35] propose an approach that includes two algorithms to select the suitable radio access network.