esa-sceva/satcom-chunk-collection huggingface dataset:
## 2 Literature Review
### Relevant Norms and Standards in Affersales and Warranty Management
This not only improves customer satisfaction, but also helps companies reduce errors and improve efficiency in resolving claims. Its application in the industrial sector is visible in companies such as those described in [31; 32; 33], which have integrated ISO 9001 with real-time monitoring tools to raise quality standards in aftersales services. This approach ensures that warranty and claims processes remain consistent and effective, increasing service reliability and minimizing errors. The integration of ISO 55000 and ISO 9001 standards enables organizations to comprehensively address asset management and quality in warranty management. While ISO 55000 maximizes asset value and durability, ISO 9001 ensures that all aftersales service processes follow high quality standards. The synergy between both standards fosters operational sustainability, better adapting to regulatory demands and market expectations. In addition, digitalization and the use of technologies such as AI and IoT enable the real-time monitoring of assets, optimizing maintenance processes and ensuring that aftersales services are continuously adjusted to real conditions. This allows for efficient resource management and an adaptable warranty service, aligned with technological evolution and the principles of sustainability and ethics. In general terms, the following table (Table 1) compares the ISO/IEC standards 42001, ISO 55000, and ISO 9001 in terms of their specific contributions to warranty management. While ISO/IEC 42001 focuses on the transparency and security of AI systems, ISO 55000 emphasizes maximizing the asset life cycle and ISO 9001 ensures quality in aftersales services. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Norm/** & **Main Features** & **Application in** & **Practical Example** \\
**Standard** & & **Warranty Management** & **Ref. [26]: predictive maintenance** \\ \hline ISO/IEC 42001 & Ethics and transparency in AI & Failure prediction with AI, risk minimization & **Ref. [26]: predictive maintenance** \\ \cline{2-4}  & Security and reliability in & Ensure responsible decisions in & **Refs. [3; 4]: personalizing** \\  & automated decisions & personalization of AI services & **aftersales service in CRM** \\ \hline ISO 55000 & Comprehensive asset & Reducing claims with & **Refs. [26; 27]: maximizing** \\  & life-cycle management & predictive maintenance & **turbine Performance** \\ \hline ISO 9001 & Quality in aftersales & Improved satisfaction in & **Refs. [28; 29; 30]: quality aftersales** \\  & service processes & warranty resolution & **service through IoT** \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Summary of regulations. (Source: own elaboration. )The table above shows a summary of the different regulations described and their main characteristics. This synergy provides a robust framework for advanced warranty management, ensuring that aftersales processes maintain high standards of quality and efficiency, adapting to the demands of sustainability and ethics in today's industry.
# Secrecy Rate of Resource-Constrained Mobile Relay Model under Two-Way Wiretap Channel
## 2 Materials and Methods
### Local Optimal Solution to P1  
To solve P1, we first utilize auxiliary and relaxation methods to transform the non-convex constraints of (10a) and (10b) into convex. Then, by fixing \(\mathbf{s}\), an optimization problem P2 is derived, which is equivalent to P1. Through further transformation, P1 is converted to P3, which only involves variable \(\mathbf{s}\). Lastly, we exploit the neighborhood search method (NSM) [19; 20; 21] and develop an iterative algorithm to obtain the local optimal solution.
# SIW Cavity-Backed Antenna Array Based on Double Slots for mmWave Communications
###### Abstract  
This paper presents a cavity-backed antenna array in substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) technology in the millimeter-wave frequency band. The proposed antenna design uses double slots as radiating elements instead of conventional single slots. The double slots allow better control in the design of the operating frequency bands of the cavity-backed antenna. The performance of the cavity-backed antennas with single and double slots is compared to assess the enhanced behavior of the double slots. As a proof of concept, a 2 \(\times\) 2 array of cavity-backed antennas is designed, manufactured, and measured. Each cavity-backed antenna contains 2 \(\times\) 2 double slots; thus, a 4 \(\times\) 4 antenna array is considered. The experimental operating frequency band of the proposed antenna array ranges from 35.4 to 37 GHz. There is a good agreement between the simulated and measured results. The measured gain is around 17 dBi in the whole operating frequency band with a 75% total antenna efficiency.  
substrate integrated waveguide; cavity-backed antenna; antenna array; millimeter waves +
Footnote †: journal: Applied Sciences
# Tracking of Moving Targets Through Asynchronous Measures
## 4 Numerical Results
### Altitude  
In this section, we have simulated the algorithms for a target at different altitudes, with the following assumptions.  
1. The velocity of the target is \(v=$10\,\mathrm{m}\mathrm{/}\mathrm{s}$\);
2. The radius of the orbit is \(r=$1000\,\mathrm{m}$\);
3. The RMSE of range measurements is \(\sigma_{\rho}=$0.1\,\mathrm{m}$\);
4. For all the anchors the LoS probability is \(p=$100\%$\).  
As depicted in Figure 6, the performance of the proposed algorithm does not vary significantly with the altitude and outperforms the EKF, which produces outliers, especially at low altitudes. This is due to the fact that all the anchors are located at the same altitude; thus, the positioning error rapidly increases as the target approaches the horizontal plane spanned by the anchors.  
Figure 5: Positioning root mean square error of the vertical (V) and horizontal (H) components with \(h=$100\,\mathrm{m}$\), \(\sigma_{\rho}=$0.1\,\mathrm{m}$\), \(r=$1000\,\mathrm{m}$\) and \(p=$100\%$\).
# The Impact of 6G-IoT Technologies on the Development of Agriculture 5.0: A Review
## 4 The Future of Farming: 6G-IoT Applications in Agriculture 5.0
### Enhanced Remote Disease Assessment and Augmented Reality  
Remote disease assessment involves the use of optical sensors, which can be stationary or mobile, in order to provide live, high-definition video. Thus, domain experts such as agronomists and related professionals can provide their guidance without the need for a physical meeting with the farmer in a location that is quite often remote. The expert can simply retrieve the live feed from the field-deployed sensors in order to inspect it and propose appropriate solutions [126]. While this process typically falls within the capabilities of 5G systems, the deployment of 6G networks will allow it to be further exploited even in the most remote areas and in an energy-efficient manner. Furthermore, the 6G networking environment will also offer higher data rates and a higher quality of data, which can include, for example, low-latency hyperspectral video streaming the detection of specific materials, identification of chemical compositions, and analysis of fine-grained details that are not visible to the human eye, while at the same time ensuring the security of the communication links. The use of pervasive AI can also be advantageous for both security procedures and expert systems that can provide agriculture-specific advice [44].  
Furthermore, augmented reality (AR) can aid farmers in numerous ways. AR is a technology that superimposes computer-generated images onto the real world, enhancing the objects and information in the user's view. Thus, AR can significantly improve field disease assessment and reduce the use of agrochemicals by facilitating accurate pest identification and detection of pest attacks and infections in early stages, as it can provide an immersive and visual representation of the pest's life cycle stages [127]. Thus, AR will facilitate the application of the appropriate treatment at the appropriate time, reducing the need for excessive agrochemical use.  
Moreover, by combining digital information with a farmer's environment in real time, augmented reality is able to deliver useful information such as the condition of crops and machinery, weather updates, soil and water conditions, and AI-based plant disease diagnosis via smartphones or glasses, enabling farmers to make informed decisions [128; 129]. In addition, AR agricultural applications will benefit from the secure, reliable, and low-latency connectivity of 6G networks. This will enable them to transfer data in real time without any lag that could cause motion sickness to the end-user and reduce the efficiency of the AR application. Finally, in education and knowledge sharing, AR can be used as an educational tool to train farmers and agricultural workers about pest identification, prevention methods, and organic farming practices [130; 131].
# Using Machine Learning for Web Page Classification in Search Engine Optimization
## 4 Machine Learning
### Classification Methods
#### 4.1.4 Support Vector Machines  
The classification problem in an \(n\)-dimensional space is actually a problem of finding a decision boundary (linear or non-linear) that best divides samples from the training set into predefined classes. The decision boundary in a two-dimensional space is a line and in a three-dimensional space it is a plane, while in an \(n\)-dimensional space it is generally a hyperplane. \(Y=w_{0}+w_{1}x_{1}+w_{2}x_{2}\ldots+w_{n}x_{n}\) The support vector machines' method tries to find an optimal hyperplane that will separate the samples from the training set in the best way so that the distance from the hyperplane and its first contiguous samples is maximal. These closest points are called support vectors because they define the position of the hyperplane. New samples (points) are then classified into a class based on which side of the hyperplane they fall on.  
This algorithm works well when there is a clear separating hyperplane and is effective with high dimensional data. Disadvantages are in sensitivity to data noise and size.
###### Abstract  
As the complexity of electric systems increases, so does the required effort for the monitoring and management of grid operations. To solve grid performance issues, smart grids require the exchange of higher volumes of data, high availability of the telecommunication infrastructure, and very low latency. The fifth generation (5G) mobile network seems to be the most promising technology to support such requirements, allowing utilities to have dedicated virtual slices of network resources to maximize the service availability in case of network congestions. Regarding this evolving scenario, this work presents the Smart5 Grid project vision on how 5G can support the energy vertical industry for the fast deployment of innovative digital services. Specifically, this work introduces the concept of network applications (NetApps), a new paradigm of virtualization that are envisioned to facilitate the creation of a new market for information technology (IT), small and medium enterprises (SMEs), and startups. This concept, and the open architecture that facilitates its implementation, is showcased by four real-life 5G-enabled demonstrators: (1) automatic fault detection in a medium voltage (MV) grid in Italy, (2) real-time safety monitoring for operators in high voltage (HV) substations in Spain, (3) remote distributed energy resources (DER) monitoring in Bulgaria, and (4) wide area monitoring in a cross-border scenario between Greece and Bulgaria.  
5G technology; NetApp; NetApp controller; smart grid; virtual network function +
Footnote †: journal: _Energies_  
_Article_  
Demonstration of 5G Solutions for Smart Energy Grids of the Future: A Perspective of the Smart5 Grid Project. _Energies_**2022**, 15, 839. [[https://doi.org/10.3309/en15030839](https://doi.org/10.3309/en15030839)]([https://doi.org/10.3309/en15030839](https://doi.org/10.3309/en15030839))
# Remote Control of a Mobile Robot for Indoor Patrol
## 4 Experimental Settings  
The WMR used in this study is called Boe-Bot Idrobot (Parallax Inc., Rocklin, CA, USA) as shown in Figure 12. In addition to Bluetooth control, the robot can also be controlled by the smartphone (HTC Corporation, Taoyuan, Taiwan) via Zigbee wireless module (Texas Instruments Inc., Dallas, TX, USA). Zigbee is used to transmit command signals between the webcam (Kinyo Inc., Hsinchu, Taiwan), the robot, and the PC (ASUSTeK Computer Inc., Taipei, Taiwan). Wi-Fi communication is applied to the connection of smartphone and PC in indoor patrol. Due to the size of memory space, the Boe-Bot Idrobot can only process and store 2K Bytes. The IR sensors (Parallax Inc., Rocklin, CA, USA) and Zigbee occupied by personal identification number is another problem requiring further study. The transmitting frequency of the robot's Zigbee and camera (Kinyo Inc., Hsinchu, Taiwan) are 24 GHz. They are assigned to com port 5 (COM5) and COM3 on the PC. The image is transmitted at 50 ms per one frame. Zigbee receives information at 20 ms for one unit of data. Data is then processed by the PC. The dynamic objects are solved by the net wrapper to the open source computer vision library (Emgu.CV) of dynamic link library (DLL) files. Figure 13 shows the buttons of operation: stop, up, down, left, right, track and patrol. We use this operating interface to receive robot information, send control command, and process the feedback values. Image processing and fuzzy control are coded by C# language.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
\begin{tabular}{c} D \\ X \\ \end{tabular} & **RF** & **RM** & **RC** \\ \hline LF & LMS & LMF & LC \\ LM & LMM & LM & LFF \\ LC & LFM & LFS & LF \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 2: Fuzzy rules for the indoor patrol controller of left wheel speed.  
Figure 12: Experiment setup.  
Figure 14 Shows the structure of the experiment settings, where (A), (B), and (C) are described in Figure 15. Figure 15a is the use of radio frequency (RF) wireless from camera to PC network. Figure 15b shows the communication from WMR to PC. First, the IR's value needs to be obtained, then the value of transcoding using Zigbee wireless network is transferred to the PC. COM5 receives exclusive information. The data is then decoded. Figure 15c shows the control flow chart of the command that is sent to the WMR. Information is processed by fuzzy controller with the use of COM5, and the corresponding decoded speed is then sent to the WMR by the Zigbee wireless network. Figure 16 shows the block diagram of the remote control.  
Figure 14: Schematic diagram for personal computer (PC) connection.  
Figure 13: Visual studio 2008 operating interface.  
Figure 15: (**a**) Camera transmits images to the PC; (**b**) Infrared data transmission from WMR to PC; (**c**) Command signal is calculated and sent to the WMR.
# FD-LTDA-MAC: Full-Duplex Unsynchronised Scheduling in Linear Underwater Acoustic Chain Networks
###### Abstract  
In-band full-duplex communication offers significant potential to enhance network performance. This paper presents the full-duplex linear transmit delay allocation MAC (FD-LTDA-MAC) protocol for full-duplex based underwater acoustic chain networks (FD-UACNs) for subsea pipeline monitoring. This incorporates a number of extensions to the LTDA-MAC protocol in order to fully exploit advantages of full-duplex communication to enhance the efficiency of underwater facility monitoring. The protocol uses a greedy optimisation algorithm to derive collision-free packet schedules for delivering data packets to the sink node of the underwater chain network. The purpose of this paper is to show the significant improvement that can be achieved in packet scheduling by exploiting temporal spectrum re-use of an underwater acoustic channel through full-duplex communication. Simulation results show that more efficient packet scheduling and reduced end-to-end packet delays can be achieved in large scale scenarios using FD-LTDA-MAC compared with LTDA-MAC and LTDA-MAC with full-duplex enabled nodes. It can provide much higher monitoring rates for long range underwater pipelines using low cost, mid range, low rate, and low power acoustic modems.  
acoustic networks; full-duplex; medium access control; relay; underwater
# Lossless Compression of Large Aperture Static Imaging Spectrometer Data +
## 4 Experimental Results
### Entropy Coder Settings
#### 4.3.2 Block-Adaptive Entropy Coder  
* Sample encoding order  
The compression ratio under block-adaptive entropy coding when the BSQ, BIL, and BIP encoding orders are used along with the sample-adaptive compression performance are presented in Figure 11a. The value of the block size used in this experiment is 16. The BSQ appears to perform slightly better than the BIL, and the BIP encoding order typically performs much more poorly than the other two. The BIP encoding order mixes samples from different bands within the same block. Therefore, the similarity of the data within a block is not as high as that of the first two encoding methods. Furthermore, when the width of an image is a multiple of the block size, \(J\), the blocks generated by the BIL and BSQ encoding orders are the same, but the ordering of these blocks within the image is different. Compared with the BIL encoding order, the BSQ encoding order makes it easier for zero blocks to be adjacent, resulting in a slightly higher compression ratio. In general, sample-adaptive coding presents better performance than the block-adaptive approach by a considerable degree. The advantages of block-adaptive entropy coding can only be observed when there is a significant presence of zero blocks within the mapped prediction residuals.  
* Block size  
Figure 11b shows the compression ratio under block-adaptive entropy coding using the BSQ encoding order when the value of the block size, \(J\), is 8, 16, 32, or 64, along with the results of the sample-adaptive approach. The figure suggests that using a larger block size results in a higher compression ratio. This is because, although the value of the block size, \(J\), is small, it allows the entropy encoder to adapt faster to changes in the data source statistics and possibly obtain an increase in the compression ratio; however, since block-adaptive entropy coding specifies the encoding method for each block by using additional bits, when the block size is small, due to the additional bits, the bit cost increases much more than the positive impact it brings, thus producing a result where a small block size leads to a low compression ratio.  
Figure 11: Compression ratio for different parameters of the block-adaptive entropy coder along with the results of the sample-adaptive approach: (**a**) sample encoding order; (**b**) block size, \(J\), when a BSQ encoding order is used.
## 2 Dataset and Methodology
### Dataset and Criteria
#### 2.3.9 Solar Energy Installations  
Solar energy systems can generally be classified into two main categories based on their installation types: rooftop PV panels and PV farms. Each type serves distinct applications and offers specific advantages depending on the geographic, economic, and structural context. Rooftop PV panels are installed on residential, commercial, or industrial buildings. PV farms, often referred to as solar fields or ground-mounted solar farms, are typically installed in rural or suburban areas where expansive, unobstructed land is available. These farms are designed for large-scale electricity generation and are often connected to the national grid [55; 56]. Unlike rooftop systems, PV farms can optimize panel orientation and spacing to maximize solar energy capture. PV farms offer higher scalability, making them suitable for utility-scale renewable energy projects. However, their deployment requires careful consideration of land use to avoid conflicts with agriculture or ecosystems [57; 58]. Across Gaziantep, a total of 447 PV installations were identified. Among these, 380 were roof-top PV, while 67 were PV farms. Additionally, 7 of the 67 PV farms were currently under construction (Figure 2).
# Progress in Electrodeposition of Zinc and Zinc Nickel Alloys Using Ionic Liquids
## 1 Introduction
The physicochemical properties of these systems are a function of cation and anion structure and composition. On the contrary, the hydrogen donor (such as urea, carboxylic acids, polyols) and hydrogen acceptor (Lewis or Bronsted acids and bases) are associated via hydrogen bonding in DESs, and do not include purification step in their synthesis unlike ILs. In addition, DESs exhibit reasonable solubility for a wide range of metal salts and oxides and show good tolerance to water and air. Though the potential windows of DESs are wider than aqueous solutions, they are lesser than some ILs. DESs and ILs also vary significantly based on the complexing of the anion, which has a significant influence on the formation of eutectic-based liquid by decreasing the freezing point and delocalization of the charge. While aqueous-based technology is well established, advanced, and used for the production of commercial Zn and Zn-Ni coatings, ILs have attracted much interest as promising electrolyte candidates for metal electrodeposition owing to their remarkable characteristics, especially eliminating the hydrogen evolution during electroplating. Figure 1: Schematic showing the structure of an ionic liquid. Several reviews on the electrodeposition of metal and metal-alloys in ionic liquids have been published in the last 10 years [14; 15; 16]. Most reviews discuss progress in the development of ionic liquids and the type of metals that one can deposit in ionic liquids, along with their compositions. There are few reviews that report progress in ILs in the field of electrodeposition of light metals, rare metals, and noble metals [17; 18]. [PERSON] et al. [19; 20] published a series of articles that discussed the properties of ILs and their possible industrial applications in electroplating, highlighting their significance and that of other applications such as electro-polishing. However, no review focuses exclusively on the Zn and Zn-Ni deposition in ILs and DESs. In addition, general reviews on metal electrodeposition published so far focused on only limited works of Zn and Zn-Ni alloys' deposition in ILs and does not cover the latest developments. Moreover, the reports highlighting certain key areas such as the application of ILs as additives and industrial challenges associated in dealing with ILs for the deposition of Zn and Zn-Ni alloys are scarce. The aim of this review article is to give an overview on the progress of zinc and zinc nickel alloy-based electrodeposition from ILs. It also focuses on electroplating and highlights the aspects that may have to be considered for industrial-scale applications.