# Smart Intravenous Infusion Dosing System
## 5 Smart IV Infusion Dosing System
### System Configuration  
Figure 4 shows the system for detecting and signaling the liquid level in the infusion bottle--sensing and computation layer. It consists of a pole/stand (1), IV bottle (2), infusion set containing drip chamber (3), roller clamp (4), IV tubing (5), valve (6) with step motor (7) for interruption of liquid flow, and cannula (8), as well as capacitive sensors (9) for detecting the level of liquid in the bottle, color sensors (10) for detecting the color of the liquid in the bottle, microcontroller with wireless communication module (11), motor driver (12), and display (13). Table 4 shows the configuration of the liquid level detection and signaling system in the infusion bottle. Figure 4: IV infusion dosing system. Figure 3: Smart IV infusion dosing system layers. A saline bottle (2) with a volume of 500 mL is placed on a stand (1). The infusion set (3-8) is connected at the opposite end of the bottle. The sensor holders, within which the capacitive sensors (9) for detecting the liquid level are located, are fixed on the outside of the bottle. In addition, the sensor holders are shaped so that they can be easily, quickly, and simply attached to any bottle. It should be noted that the price of this sensor together with the holder is below 5 EUR. At the same time, the connector with the cable for connecting the sensor is always on the infusion stand, enabling a quick and easy connection to a new IV bottle. Moreover, within the stand, a color sensor (10) for detecting different colors of liquid in the IV bottle is attached--the sensor recognizes the color of light using 8 \(\times\) 8 series of photodiodes containing three different color filters, of which 16 photodiodes have red filters, 16 have green, and 16 have blue, while the remaining 16 photodiodes are without filters. With the appropriate combination of sensor pins, it is possible to detect red, blue, green, and transparent colors. At the end of the infusion hose, just before the cannula connection, a valve (6) for interrupting and regulating the infusion flow is installed. The valve has two connections and is placed inline. The hose coming from the bottle is connected on the one side of the valve, and on the opposite side is at the outlet of the valve is the hose going towards the cannula. The control of the valve is automated using a stepper motor (7) whose operating voltage is 5 V DC, transmission ratio is 1:64 and has 4075 step/rev., as well as through the use of a driver (12). The control of the liquid level detection and signaling system in the IV bottle is enabled by the use of the Arduino Uno microcontroller (11), whose operating voltage is 5 V DC, which has 14 digital pins that can be used as inputs/outputs and 6 analog pins. A visual display of system parameters from the microcontroller is enabled close to the patient, using the LCD (13). To power the microcontroller, we adopted the Phaseo ABL8 12V DC power supply in the testing of the proposed system. Although the Arduino Uno can operate at 6-20 V DC, voltages above 12 V DC can overheat the voltage regulator and damage the board. Moreover, if the voltage is below 7 V DC, a 5 V pin can give less than 5 V and then the board becomes unstable. Due to all this, it is recommended that a voltage of 7-12 V DC be used, and thus we adopted a power supply of 12 V DC. The current output is 2.1 A, and the power supply is 30 W. In real conditions, i.e., in hospitals, due to the mobility of the device, we suggest power supply using batteries. For communication between the microcontroller and remote devices, we used the NodeMcu ESP8266 CP2102 V3 wireless module.