# An Optimized Genetic Algorithm-Based Wavelet Image Fusion Technique for PCB Detection
## 4 Experiment Results and Discussion
In these cases, the malfunctioning component typically experiences abnormal heating, resulting in a higher temperature rise than during normal circuit operation. This thermal anomaly is often a key indicator of component failure. Figure 3: Comparison of image fusion performance. (**a**) pixel; (**b**) tradition; (**c**) PCNN; (**d**) PCA; (**e**) CVT; (**f**) Proposed. To address this issue, a fault detection system was designed to identify and mark areas with abnormally high temperatures in infrared images. The method aims to accurately detect thermal anomalies that could signify potential faults, thus providing a reliable tool for monitoring the health of PCBs. The prototype designed for this purpose is shown in Figure 4. Figure 4 presents the overall framework of the prototype, while Figure 4, show the front and back views of the physical prototype, respectively. This system aims to enhance the detection and diagnosis of temperature-related faults in PCBs, which is essential for improving the reliability and safety of electronic devices. The design of the prototype closely resembles that of a standard camera, incorporating a familiar form factor and operational logic that aligns with user expectations. The front of  
Figure 4: A designed PCB testing prototype (**a**) The structure of the prototype; (**b**) Prototype front; (**c**) Prototype back. the prototype is equipped with a sensor module that is responsible for capturing image data and ensuring the quality and accuracy of the data acquisition process. This sensor module consists of an infrared array sensor and a visible light camera. The Mlx90640 infrared array sensor, a 32 \(\times\) 24 pixel thermal infrared sensor that adheres to industrial standards and has been pre-calibrated, was chosen for its affordability and cost-effectiveness compared to other infrared sensors on the market. The sensor communicates with the Raspberry Pi via I2C, enabling the collection of infrared image data from the target area. To capture visible light images, a universal USB optical camera was selected. This camera is easily integrable, highly compatible, and capable of capturing high-quality visible light images. On the rear of the prototype, a display module is integrated to provide a clear view of the collected images and offer intuitive visual feedback to the user. At the top of the prototype, a simple and user-friendly interface is designed, featuring a power button and a camera button, allowing users to effortlessly power the device and capture images with a single press. Internally, the model includes all necessary circuit connections, power modules, and the main control board. The main control board utilizes a Raspberry Pi 4B, ensuring the system's performance and stability while preserving the simplicity and elegance of the external design. The overall operational flow of the prototype is illustrated in Figure 5. The image acquisition module is responsible for capturing image data from the prototype. The infrared image acquisition function establishes communication with the thermal imaging camera via the SMBus library, configures the camera parameters, and uses the mlx90640 library to retrieve temperature data. The temperature data are then normalized, and bilinear interpolation is applied to enhance the image resolution, ultimately generating a colorized thermal map. Testing results indicate that the infrared image refresh rate achieves a level of 2 frames per second. The visible light image acquisition function integrates physical buttons controlled by GPIO. It interacts with the USB visible light camera via the OpenCV library, capturing and storing both the current visible light and infrared images locally upon button activation for subsequent processing. The data transmission module, based on user input, sends the image data to a central processing platform via TCP socket. After that, the acquired visible light and thermal images are processed to ensure uniformity in format and size.