## 1 Introduction
Humans are often characterised as the weakest link in cyber security [8; 9]. This is particularly accurate when it comes to personal computing environments since they are the target of 95% of the malicious attacks [10]. This may be explained by the fact that personal and home computing devices are not guarded by security staff, who also keep software and hardware up to date [11]. The rapid increase of cyber threats and cyberattacks make defensive behaviours from users extremely important. This is because, regardless of how secure a system may be, the user is frequently a critical backdoor into the data and entire network [12]. Hackers look for vulnerabilities to exploit, which may come from end users who are maintaining poor cyber hygiene, such as, for example, by revealing personal information or not complying with best practices [5]. Cyber security breaches are a top priority, and most users are aware that their behaviours may put them at risk; however, they are not educated to follow best practices, such as protecting their passwords. Even though there is a vast variety of available security options, users often do not know how to access those options, understand them and implement them [13]. Furthermore, end users lack an understanding of the essential cyber security actions that can be taken, and this can feed inappropriate behaviours and attitudes [14]. Nevertheless, good cyber hygiene can enhance safe behaviours and can protect against upcoming threats and attacks [15]. Mass cyber education may serve as a means to offset poor cyber security behaviours; however, mandatory education becomes a questionable point if the content is not focused on human factors, using human-centric approaches and taking into account end users' behaviours, which is currently the case [16]. Many cybersecurity, information system and computer science courses do not include content, particularly addressing the weaknesses related to human factors in end users. On the one hand, in several institutions, coursework associated with human behaviour and cognition is not required of information systems or computer science students. This is frankly problematic since a human user will be the handler in a computer-based product. On the other hand, there is an evident shift, in many programs of study, in multidisciplinary approaches [17]. This significant shift in the cyber educational system represents a unique opportunity to set frameworks and guidelines related to good cyber hygiene, human-centric and multidisciplinary approaches. This will strengthen the content of the curricula and make their delivery more effective, while it will further provide practical implications in other fields where training in cybersecurity remains essential for all members of staff, such as governance [18]. It is worth noting that there is a strong connection between cybersecurity and the deep learning approach, as deep learning has shown significant potential in addressing many cybersecurity challenges. Deep learning is a subset of machine learning that involves training artificial neural networks with multiple layers to learn patterns and features from large amounts of data [19]. In the context of cybersecurity, deep learning algorithms can be used to identify and classify threats based on patterns and behaviours that are difficult to detect using traditional signature-based approaches. One of the key applications of deep learning in cybersecurity, for example, is in the area of threat detection. Deep learning models can analyse large volumes of network traffic, log data and other security data to identify patterns and anomalies that may indicate a security threat. This can help security teams to detect and respond to threats more quickly and effectively. Deep learning is also being used in the development of advanced authentication and access control systems. These systems use deep learning algorithms to analyse user behaviour and identify anomalies that may indicate unauthorised access.