# Building Information Modelling Facility Management (BIM-FM)
## 1 Introduction  
### Digital Facilities' Management  
Facilities' Management (FM) is defined as an \"organisational function which integrates people, place, and process within the built environment with the purpose of improving the quality of life of people and the productivity of the core business\" [1]. It typically involves the management of the day-to-day use and ongoing maintenance of an asset. Asset Management (AM) is a term frequently used interchangeably with FM, which involves \"coordinated action of an organisation to realise value from assets\" [2]. The key difference between FM and AM is that AM is focused on higher level organisational objectives and the realisation of value, whereas FM focuses more on asset functionality for immediate use. AM and FM have many common features and principles; so, whilst FM will be the primary topic of discussion, AM resources will not be excluded from this review.  
Effective FM will help contribute to the United Nations' (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), most notably, SDG 11: sustainable cities and communities [3]. As such, the need for defined FM systems, in line with organisational requirements, is internationally recognised [4]. One approach has involved the creation of digital FM systems, which are now used extensively. Popular systems for existing buildings can typically be categorised as Asset Information Models (AIMs) [5, 6], Computer-Aided Facilities' Management(CAFM) [7; 8; 9] and Computerised Maintenance Management Systems (CMMSs) [10; 11; 12; 13]. Often, these systems will be spreadsheet-based. However, sometimes, systems are integrated with Geographic Information Systems (GISs) [8; 14; 15], which depict a wide overview of a site with more focus on the location than the details of the asset itself. This integration is championed by [PERSON] et al. [16], who justified it by stating \"management [takes] place at different scales depending on the scope of the specific task\".  
A less developed approach to digital FM is Building Information Modelling (BIM). BIM is a 3D modelling and information management process, which typically involves the creation of parametric model objects with additional information attributed to the objects at higher dimensions, e.g., 4D involves the inclusion of time data [17]. A key benefit of BIM is its 3D visualisation capabilities, a capability not normally native to other digital FM techniques [18]. The majority of BIM development has been focused on the use of BIM for the construction stage of an asset lifecycle with minimal consideration of the use of BIM for FM, herein referred to as BIM-FM. BIM is becoming increasingly prevalent in construction. However, existing BIM and digital FM tools have developed separately to each other, and as such, there is often very little integration and understanding between the two disciplines [11]. Both the ISO standard for BIM (ISO 19650 [19]) and BIM terminology reflect this, with ISO 19650 not fully considering FM and there not being an agreed dimension within BIM referring to FM [17]. Thus, if no integration is achieved, the FM sector may increasingly suffer from a lack of relevant building information. as suggested by [PERSON] et al. [20], who said \"the move toward digitized building information has removed some access to building information from FM\".  
There have been some attempts to transfer BIM models made for construction into an FM-ready state [21], but these are often isolated, local solutions. Regardless of their success level, this fails to acknowledge that BIM is a relatively new occurrence and many existing assets do not have BIM models, such as in the work by [PERSON] et al. [22]. This paper will therefore investigate BIM-FM for existing assets under the assumption that, for the majority of cases, no BIM model exists.