### Devices and Mobile Systems Applications  
Mobile applications and systems designed for earthquake detection have become widely utilized tools for earthquake preparedness, response, and recovery. Various devices are used to enhance earthquake detection capabilities. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [28] describe an emergency earthquake warning system for land vehicles that integrates position and soil information. It employs ground digital broadcasting for reliable alert dissemination. An innovative sensor system using a two-planer Azimuth angle for precise earthquake location tracking is presented by [PERSON] et al. [29]. [PERSON] et al. [30] introduce a system based on Arduino Uno and ESP8266 to monitor earthquakes and fires, triggering safety protocols like power cutoff to prevent further damage. Meanwhile, [PERSON] [31] discusses implementing an Earthquake Early Warning System (EEWS) with efficient signal processing for faster detection and warning generation. Algorithms designed to quickly estimate earthquake magnitudes and ground motion pa rameters have also progressed. The FinDer algorithm, for example, focuses on real-time detection of fault ruptures associated with large seismic events [32]. Advancements in on-site earthquake EEWS have demonstrated their capacity to issue alerts by detecting faster-moving P-waves, which precede the more destructive S-waves [33]. These systems have been deployed in earthquake-prone regions like Japan and Taiwan, which have shown value in reducing casualties during seismic occurrences [34; 35]. Incorporating GPS technology into earthquake early warning systems has also been explored, offering an additional data source that complements traditional seismic detection methods [36]. Economic assessments of these systems suggest that their implementation can reduce earthquakes' impact, providing warnings ranging from a few seconds to several minutes, depending on system performance and the local geological conditions [37; 38]. One notable advancement in earthquake detection is continuous gravimeters, which detect changes in mass associated with tectonic movements during seismic activity. These instruments capture the initial stages of an earthquake, contributing to early warning systems by providing critical seconds to minutes of advance notice [39]. The gravimeter networks have demonstrated that they can reduce the time needed to issue a warning, facilitating faster earthquake magnitude estimation [40]. Smart devices can be used in the detection context via their capacity to deliver rapid earthquake alerts. For instance, the Earthquake Network (EQN) app transforms users' smartphones into motion sensors, enabling real-time detection of seismic activity and disseminating warnings to affected individuals [41]. The MyShake app, developed as a citizen science initiative, provides alerts while gathering data on shaking intensity and community damage reports, enhancing situational awareness. By utilizing smartphones' accelerometers to detect ground shaking, these apps enable immediate alerts and contribute to a broader network for earthquake monitoring [42; 43]. The PRESTo EEWS app, implemented in Southern Italy, offers users alerts based on ground shaking parameters, allowing them to take protective measures before the seismic waves reach their location [44]. These systems have demonstrated rapid response capabilities, with some apps issuing alerts within five seconds of detecting seismic activity [45]. This prompt communication can reduce casualties and limit property damage during earthquakes. Beyond providing alerts, mobile applications facilitate community participation and data collection. The LastQuake app, operated by the European Mediterranean Seismological Center, incorporates crowdsourced data to inform users about recent earthquakes and offer safety advice, engaging the public in seismic monitoring efforts [46].