# Transport Systems and Mobility for Smart Cities
## 3 Methodology  
This research work is composed from the scientific literature, as well as the grey literature from renowned institutions surrounding the theme of smart cities and transportation systems in this type of built environment. To collect the information presented in this paper, databases such as Web of Science, Scopus, and Google were used. The literature collection was composed of four different phases [15]. The first was composed of a comprehensive literature gathering, followed by the application of general keywords related to the research theme, such as smart cities, transportation systems in smart cities, mobility and transportation systems, and digital transformation. Phase 3 was composed of the incorporation of literature from renowned institutions. Phase 4 was composed of the narrowing of the relevant literature to be used in this paper. All the information retrieved in these four phases was used to explain and characterize the concept of smart cities and to show how to operationalize this concept combined with transportation systems in cities all around the world. In addition, a discussion was performed to debate the theme, and to provide a better understanding of the subject presented in this paper. In order to include the transport models for smart cities, the research work also defined an integrated mobility and transport system, which must address four key dimensions: (i) transport modes (motorized and nonmotorized); (ii) territories (city centres and peri-urban areas); (iii) people (young, active, and VRU); (iv) digitization (Mobility as a Service (MaaS) and digital platforms), to promote equity, cohesion, and sustainability across smart cities. There is a widespread idea that transport systems are increasingly being integrated into all territories as digitization takes its course, increasingly reshaping landscapes, reconfiguring boundaries, and altering the way people live and experience the territories. The concepts of smart cities rely heavily on the idea that digitization can be a powerful driving force for building new modes of sensing and experiencing local spaces, by simultaneously facilitating physical and virtual mobilities across different and geographically distant places. The extensive literature [16] has provided evidence about the positive effects of digitization in territories, while it also brings about new important challenges concerning social diversity. Despite the fact that integrated transport systems are the main building block of governance models in more recent trends and are strongly emphasized in policy programs, territories are still revealing great disparities with regards to the actual degree of that integration. For many different reasons, living in or nearby the city centre still represents the best life chances, including the ability to take advantage of the digitization potentialities. Large numbers of people are kept apart from the life of city centres, as well as many other places, by poor access to services of all kinds due to poor access to transportation. Thus, an integrated approach to mobility aims to provide accessibility to all transportation modes providing the necessary conceptual and practical tools for the better inclusion of people according to a set of socioeconomic variables. Therefore, it is necessary to study and explore, together with innovative methodologies, the challenges of cities and low-density territories, analysing the conditions in which digitization can be potentiated and used for capitalizing on resources of a different nature that contribute to maintain and revitalize local spaces. These territories can increase their attractiveness as places to live by promoting integrative, safe, and trustful transport systems by which citizens, from all social strata can fully perform their demands and expectations of mobility.