# The Campus as a Smart City: University of Malaga Environmental, Learning, and Research Approaches
## 3 UMA IoT and Telecommunication Infrastructure
### Smart-Campus ICT Framework, Architecture, and Methodology  
The general scheme of the SmartUMA infrastructure is shown in Figure 5. Here, a layered framework for Smart-Campus ICT elements and their use is proposed and defined to properly categorize and relate the different elements of a Smart-Campus ecosystem and their interactions. The different framework layers are defined based on their functionality within the framework. That is, each layer groups the elements with similar functions within the whole. Except for the layer providing the general network (in blue), each layer provides information to the layer immediately above the layer from which it interacts. At the bottom of the framework shown in Figure 6, the Sensors, Actuators, and Devices (SAD) layer contains the main elements used for the interaction with the environment, the gathering of measurements (e.g., temperature, humidity), and performing actions (e.g., activate a light, open a water valve). Commonly, the sensors/actuators are deployed as part of different computing and communication platforms--the IoT nodes (also known as sensor nodes or motes). These motes typically integrate multiple sensors/actuators, providing unified memory and computing capabilities, energy supply, casing, and communication systems. In a Smart-Campus, different IoT infrastructures (a set of motes and their supporting equipment deployed at the same time and to the same objective) and Radio Access Technology (RAT) are typically used following the rise of diverse needs, technological availability, and research and funding opportunities. The methodology associated with the design and inclusion of a new IoT infrastructure into the UMA Smart-Campus ecosystem follows approximately the common steps of any IoT network (as the ones similarly identified in [18]):  
1. To start the process, the opportunity to achieve one or various objectives coming from the Plan of Objectives and Environmental Goals is identified based on the capabilities to overcome the challenges of their associated transverse pillars (as presented in Table 1, e.g., availability of standards and funding, the expected community engagement, etc.). 2. The set of Smart-Campus goals to be addressed is then translated to a specific set of technical and operational requisites. These come from both the specific objectives to be covered (e.g., variables to measure) as well as those defined in terms of security, power supply, telecommunications, legal procurement, and range of application (e.g., minimum number of buildings/area to be covered). Figure 5: UMA Smart-Campus framework and general scheme of the different information and communication technologies (ICT) infrastructures. From the previous stage, a system model for the planned new IoT infrastructure (to be fitted in the pre-existent UMA Smart-Campus framework) is defined, including its specific hardware and software as well as its level of fulfillment of the requirements established in the previous stages. Depending on the availability of resources and the specificities of the addressed goals, this design might be generated internally or as part of a competitive invitation to tender from external companies. * One or several prototypes of the expected nodes and elements to be included in the UMA Smart-Campus framework are tested in order to guarantee its proper behavior, with special emphasis on its connectivity and interoperability with the pre-existent networks and systems. Multiple iterations and limited deployment might be needed for properly adjust the prototypes to their expected integration and performance. * Step by step and wide testing are performed to fully evaluate and guarantee the quality of the deployment, which is typically performed in sequential stages of increasing levels of complexity and integration between the different elements and with the pre-existent framework.