## 4 Results and Discussion  
The composite friction characteristic of the tool-chip interface is analyzed and predicted based on Matlab software, and the results are compared with reference [30] to verify the correctness of the model. It is worth noting that different SiC percentage content will result in composites with different density, stiffness and linear expansion coefficient. SiCp/Al is considered to be a difficult-to-machine composite material, possessing complex friction behavior during processing. In this paper, the SiCp/Al composite contains 45% SiC particles with a particle size of 5 \(\upmu\)m in a 6061-aluminum matrix, assuming that the silicon carbide-like particles are evenly distributed. The friction behavior in the machining process will generate a lot of heat, which places demands on the machining tool. Cemented carbide tools have the advantages of high stability and wear resistance. Therefore, the paper chooses the cutting tools of cemented carbide materials with a rake angle of 0\({}^{\circ}\) and a relief angle of 7\({}^{\circ}\) selected for experimental processing. The Johnson-Cook parameters after debugging are shown in Table 1.  
In addition, conditions of EVC cutting were set as follows: cutting width \(W\) = 1.5 mm, the un-deformed chip thickness s = 0.1 mm, feed rate is set to 0.5 mm/rev, respectively. In order to verify the correctness of the proposed friction model, the value of cutting speed was changed in the range of [50; 650] m/min. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline \(A\) **(MPa)** & \(B\) **(MPa)** & \(C\) & \(n\) & \(m\) & _T\({}_{m}\)_(\({}^{\circ}\)_C)** \\ \hline
400 & 342.6 & 0 & 0.316 & 1.354 & 800 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Values of J-C equation for these two Aluminum matrices. Compared with traditional cutting, EVC can effectively reduce the cutting force due to the characteristics of intermittent cutting in metal machining operations. There are three-phase friction components (\(F_{S}\), \(F_{R}\), \(F_{M}\)) in EVC cutting SiCp/Al, which is a complex comprehensive friction. The cutting forces of the experiment and model were simulated and processed based on the TPF theory and results are shown in Figure 5a; Cutting force in conventional machining SiCp/Al is shown in Figure 5b. (Margin of error 25%). As shown in Figure 5a, when the cutting speed increases, the cutting force of the model and experiment decreases; when the cutting speed is higher than 450 m/min, the overall cutting force slowly decreases to a minimum value of 214.9 N. When the cutting speed is higher than 550 m/min, the cutting force gradually stabilizes and decreases to 217.6 N. The comparison between the model and the experimental results is consistent, which verifies the reliability of the model in the cutting speed range. In addition, compared with conventional cutting AMCM [30], the prediction model proposed in this paper has effectively reduced the cutting force by 22% (47.3 N). When the cutting speed is lower than 300 m/min, the experimental cutting force is higher than the model cutting force. The reason for this phenomenon is that on the one hand, the cutting tool undergoes a relatively long period of time in the process of ironing-ploughing-turning chips under low-speed cutting. On the other hand, the low-speed cutting dissipates heat faster, and the repeated first cutting phenomenon (cutting under initial friction conditions) will cause the experimental cutting force to exceed the model cutting force. This negative phenomenon will be more obvious at low speeds. The cutting speed is in the range of [400, 650] m/min, and the average error of the cutting force prediction model is less than 11.4%, which means that the model is suitable for high-speed cutting of aluminum matrix composites. However, the error becomes larger in the vulgar cutting, the reasons being that low-speed intermittent cutting will cause the particle shedding volume fraction to increase, which, in turn, increases the two-body sliding friction and the three-body rolling friction.