# Effect of Calined Marble Powder and Magnetized Water on the Performance of Cement-Based Composites
## 4 Conclusions  
This study investigated the effect of MW on the mechanical, physical, and microstructural properties of cementitious composites incorporating RMP and CMP. The RMP and CMP were used to replace 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% of the cement weight in the production of cement-based composites. TW and MW were used as mixing water during the preparation of the cementitious composites. The produced cementitious composites were tested for setting properties, consistency, _ffs, fcs, UPV_, unit weight, water absorption, and porosity. The results obtained from the study are as follows:  
CMP-substituted composites consistently outperformed RMP-based composites in terms of compressive strength, flexural strength, and durability. The calcination process enhances the reactivity of marble powder, contributing to the improved hydration and densification of the microstructure.  
The use of MW further improved the performance of composites, enhancing the workability, setting times, and strength development due to increased water activity and hydration efficiency.  
CMP substitution of up to 25% and the use of MW reduced cement consumption, demonstrating the potential for lower CO2 emissions and environmental impact while maintaining or enhancing mechanical performance.  
The findings align with Turkiye's goals of sustainable waste management and vaporization of marble industry by-products, offering practical solutions for reducing industrial waste and promoting eco-friendly construction. Given Turkiye's marble-rich regions like Afyon, Burdur, and Mugla, the findings of this study could directly benefit local economies by creating value-added products from marble waste. The use of such waste as a sustainable raw material could encourage more widespread adoption across Turkiye, aligning with regional and national waste management strategies.  
Although the calcination of RMP consumes energy, the resulting CMP provides substantial improvements in reactivity and mechanical performance. These benefits allow for higher cement replacement levels, reducing the overall carbon footprint of cementitious composites. The local availability of marble waste in Turkiye further offsets transportation and material costs, making CMP an economically and environmentally viable solution in the context of sustainable construction. Future work will include a comprehensive cost-benefit analysis, examining the energy costs associated with CMP production versus the cost savings from reduced cement usage. Preliminary estimates suggest that the environmental benefits, including CO2 emission reductions and resource efficiency, justify the use of CMP, particularly in regions with abundant marble waste.  
Conceptualization, O.S. and I.D.; Methodology, E.H.A., O.S., G.G. and I.D.; Validation, I.D.; Formal analysis, E.H.A. and G.G.; Investigation, O.S. and G.G.; Resources, O.S.; Writing--original draft, E.H.A., O.S., G.G. and I.D.; Visualization, E.H.A.; Supervision, O.S. and I.D. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
This research received no external funding.  
Not applicable.  
The original contributions presented in the study are included in the article; further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding author.  
The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial assistance of the Kurkkale University Scientific Research Centre provided under Project: 2023/055.  
The authors declare no conflict of interest.