## 1 Introduction
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**Category** & **Sub-Category** & **Acronym** \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{Traditional MPPT algorithms} & Perturb and Observe & P\&O \\  & Incremental & IC \\  & Conductance & & \\  & Constant Voltage & CV \\  & Lookup Table & LT \\  & Hill Climbing & HC \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{Smart techniques} & Fuzzy Logic Controller & FLC \\  & Artificial Neural & ANN \\  & Network & Fibonacci Series & FS \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{GWO} & Particle Swarm & PSO \\  & & Optimization & \\  & & Grey Wolf & \\  & Optimization-based techniques & Optimization & \\  & & Ant Colony & \\  & & Optimization & \\  & Artificial Bee Colony & ABC \\ \cline{2-3}  & & Cuckoo Search & \\  & & Optimization & \\  & Bio-inspired & Firefly Optimization & FO \\  & techniques & Flower Pollination & FP \\  & & Genetic Algorithm & GA \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{GWO} & Particle Swarm Optimization and Perturb & PSO-P\&O \\  & & and Observe & \\  & Grey Wolf Optimization and Perturb and & \\  & & Observe & \\  & Fuzzy Logic Controller and Perturb and & \\  & & Observe & \\  & Genetic Algorithm and Perturb and & \\  & & Observe & \\  & Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System & ANFIS \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Classifications of MPPT algorithms. conventional, intelligent, optimization, and hybrid techniques. A comparison is made of the different methods based on criteria such as tracking speed, efficiency, cost, stability, and implementation complexity. The review highlights that hybrid techniques, while more efficient than conventional methods, are more complex in design and costly [34]. In a study, a survey of MPPT methods for PV systems is presented, focusing on their ability to continually maximize PV array output power, which depends on solar radiation and cell temperature. MPPT methods are classified into two categories: conventional methods and advanced methods. The paper analyzes, simulates, and evaluates the performance of a PV power supply system under varying meteorological conditions [35]. Another study provides an organized and in-depth review of MPPT techniques for PV systems, categorizing them into classical, intelligent, optimization, and hybrid methods. The review considers various selection benchmarks not typically discussed in existing literature, summarizing the advantages and disadvantages of each technique [36]. This paper provides an in-depth review of the most used traditional and advanced MPPT techniques for PV systems under uniform insolation and partial shading condition (PSC). It evaluates these methods by comparing their strengths and weaknesses in terms of sensed parameters, circuitry, tracking speed, implementation complexity, true MPPT, accuracy, and cost. The rest of the paper is structured as follows: Sections 2 and 3 explain the effect of shading on PV systems and the selection parameters of the MPPT strategies. Sections 4 and 5 focus on the traditional and advanced MPPT techniques in PV systems. Section 6 discusses the findings of various MPPT algorithms comprehensively, offering comparison tables highlighting the efficiency of each algorithm. Section 7 outlines current trends and directions for future research, while Section 8 offers conclusions.