## 4 Regional Scale Analysis
### Exposure Indicators  
The second step for the risk assessment is the evaluation of the worth exposed, which is defined as the number of units (or \"value\") of each of the elements at risk in a given area: it can be expressed as the number of human presences or by the value of the economic and natural resources that are exposed to a certain hazard, which may be lost in the case of a destructive event occurring. For the qualitative assessment of the relative importance, the assets were divided into four different types: physical, social, economic, and environmental [89]. The elements considered are built-up areas and population (social assets); transportation networks (physical assets); tourism and services (economic assets); and sites of community importance, important bird areas, nature reserves, and land cover (environmental assets). The different indicators and the score values associated with them are summarized in Table 2.  
Then, the single results were combined in order to obtain the final map (Figure 6) on the spatial distribution of the worth exposed values. Generally, the higher level of exposure (the \"very high\" exposure class) is located at the foot of mountain slopes, around the main urban areas located in the centre of the valley. The importance of social, physical, and economical assets is greater here, due to the high presence of people, cultural elements, transportation networks, and touristic facilities. Other areas with very high scores are touristic spots located in high altitudes, such as skiing facilities, in protected sites or in natural areas with a high value. The following class (\"high\" exposure) covers areas with existing landslides and with important environmental assets, such as natural reserves, national parks, important bird areas or sites of community importance. Less exposed areas are located in small lateral valleys, characterized by very few inhabited villages.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**z** & **Index** & **Scores** & **Description** & **Database** & \begin{tabular}{c} **Bibliographic** \\ **Reference** \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{1} & \multirow{3}{*}{Social asset} & Less than 5 residents = W3 & Number of residents & ISTAT & [PERSON] et al., 2011 [91] \\  & & 5–30 residents = W4 & potentially involved & [90] & 2011 [91] \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{2} & \multirow{3}{*}{Physical asset} & Trail, distance \textless{} 5 m = W3 & Potentially affected & \multirow{3}{*}{Geoportale SCT} & \multirow{3}{*}{[PERSON] et al., 2021 [39]} \\  & & Main road, distance \textless{} 5 m = W4 & infrastructures and communication & [82] & 2021 [39] \\ \cline{1-1}  & & Midorway and railway, distance \textless{} 10 m = W5 & routes & & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{3} & \multirow{3}{*}{Environmental asset} & Natural areas = W2 & Threatened & \multirow{3}{*}{Geoportale SCT} & \multirow{3}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} [PERSON]- \\ [PERSON] et al., \\ 2011 [92] \\ \end{tabular} } \\  & & Woods and grazing lands = W3 & & landscape & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & Protected areas (conservation areas, parks, and nature reserves) = W4 & and natural elements & & 2011 [92] \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{4} & \multirow{3}{*}{Economic asset} & All elements were rated with the maximum value W5 & \begin{tabular}{c} Touristic facilities \\ exposed to slope \\ instabilities \\ \end{tabular} & \
\begin{tabular}{c} Geoportale SCT \\ [82] \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} [PERSON] et al., \\ 2007 [93] \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 2: Indices used for the evaluation of the exposure indicator and defined scores for the subdivision into different exposure classes.