# IoT's Tiny Steps towards 5G: Telco's Perspective
## 5 IoT in 5G Enabling Technologies
### Other Technologies  
Along with the aforementioned technologies, a lot of research attention is devoted to technologies, such as mMIMO, visible light communication (VLC), SIC, vehicle-to-everything (V2X), etc. **mMIMO** technology [73; 123] promises significant gains in data rate and link reliability [187], reduces latency and energy [13], simplifies media access control (MAC) layer [13], shows robustness against intentional jamming [13], unintended man-made interface [83], and increases capacity [127; 198] due to spatial multiplexing [123]. Reliable links are provided by benefiting from spatial diversity and the mitigating effects of fast fading, beamforming, and zero forcing caused by multi-user interference [203]. The mMIMO can be exploited to extend the coverage of higher frequency bands by relying on beamforming gains [200]. Other specific benefits of mMIMO system are: increased capacity 10 times or more with simultaneous improvement in radiated energy efficiency in the order of 100 times, the possibility to use inexpensive, low-power components, the reduction of latency on the air interface, and multiple access layer simplification [83]. The low complexity mMIMO uplink scheme for IoT lightweight devices is presented in [188]. The performance of practical mMIMO system needs to be investigated, since the research community pays attention to analyzing the performance of mMIMO in an ideal channel state information assumption [73]. **VLC** is a growing technology for short range, high capacity LOS optical links [189]. It uses a visible range of the electromagnetic spectrum (370-780 nm) which provides data transmission and room illumination using light emitting diodes (LEDs). Prominent features of VLC are an abundant license-free spectrum, the ability to provide multiple gigabit-per-second data rates, low energy consumption, and low implementation costs [190]. VLC is sensitive to sunlight and is not able to work long range without LOS. Since VLC coverage is LOS limited [84; 191], this is known as LOS blocking [192]. With poor performance in non-line-of-sight scenarios, VLC networks fail to provide convenient UL coverage at the current state-of-the-art, and each AP illuminates only a small confined cell compared to cellular RF networks [192]. VLC applications are expected to include IoT, wireless Internet access, and vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communications, broadcast from LED, M2M communications, positioning systems, and navigation. The problem of how to provide mobile applications over VLC is still quite an open one [189]. **SIC** implementation enables low-latency applications in a cost effective manner [132]. SIC can be used to increase link capacity, spectrum virtualization, any-division duplexing, novel relay solutions, and enhanced interface coordination [132]. Practical SIC implementation is still in the investigation phase. **V2X** is the communication between a vehicle and everything with which it might interact (e.g., other vehicles, traffic operators and service providers). It is used in conjunction with D2D for coverage extension and latency reduction in 5G networks [255]. V2X communication might play a vital role in terms of implementing smart and efficient traffic solutions [193], improving road safety, traffic efficiency,and driver convenience. To reduce traffic congestion one may use an intelligent route management system based on V2X communication [7]. Since it has big potential in autonomous driving application, the localization of vehicles in dense urban areas is difficult, so several algorithms are proposed to solve the problems [194]. Many V2X applications are described in existing literature [85; 195]. However, there is still a need to design vehicular mobility management strategies in next UDN networks and to find a way to enhance existing connected vehicle services with V2X [86]. These technologies are highlighted as the main 5G driver in existing literature [5; 6; 7; 96; 207].