## 5 Testbed Demonstration Setup
### Seamless Satellite Integration into Standard 3 GPP Network Architecture  
The first over-the-air demonstration showcased how SATCOM networks can be integrated into a standard 3 GPP network architecture to provide seamless end-to-end connectivity via satellite. The 3 GPP architecture integration results in the satellite network operating as a 3 GPP network with the satellite terminal acting as a UE device. Moreover, the SATCOM network presenting itself as a RAN node to the standard 3 GPP core network. The demonstration illustrates the use of Software-defined Networking (SDN) and Network Functions Virtualization (NFV) technologies and their integration with the SATCOM in the context of 5G. The objectives of this over-the-air demonstration were:  
* Satellite integration into standard 3 GPP network architecture
* SDN, NFV and edge node integration into SATCOM
* Network Slicing of eMBB use cases over satellite  
The end-to-end demonstration setup is illustrated in Figure 11. In particular, it was built upon the following testbed elements by the respective SATis5 project partners. The Open5 GCore [25] corresponds to a 3 GPP Release 15 compliant implementation of the 5G core network. The central entity of the testbed is a virtualized structure including the rest of the core network as well as the applications server. A commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) available 4G RAN (including eNB and UE) was deployed, through which the UE was connected to edge node. iDirect provided the pre-5G enabled satellite hub platform and remote satellite terminals which incorporate SDN and NFV capabilities and enabled the satellite integration into a 3 GPP core network architecture. The GEO SES owned satellite ASTRA 2F (28.2\({}^{\circ}\)E) [30] delivered seamless connectivity between the remote and the central parts of the testbed. At the Fraunhofer FOKUS's premises in Berlin, Germany, a COTS available Long Term Evolution (LTE) network was deployed. Specifically, during the testbed demonstration, the LTE band 7 (2.5 GHz to 2.69 GHz) was used within the provided cell and an Airspan AirVelocity eNB was deployed. For the UE, a consumer LTE UE was selected supporting the LTE band 7. The stationary edge node was running on a Lenovo One ThinkCentre M900 with Ubuntu 16.04 and hosted the individual decentralized 5G core network functions. Through a VPN terrestrial link, the stationary edge node was connected to the remote satellite terminal located in Killarney, Ireland. In particular, the remote satellite terminal corresponds to the iDirect's X7 EC satellite router with edge computing capabilities as Indoor Unit (IDU) and a 1.2 m Ku-Band Antenna System as Outdoor Unit (ODU) (see Figure 12). The remote satellite terminal was connected to the satellite hub station deployed in Betzdorf, Luxembourg through the geostationary satellite ASTRA 2F (28.2\({}^{\circ}\)E) [30]. In particular, the Ku-band channel bandwidths for downlink and uplink reserved for this experiment were 26 MHz and  
Figure 11: Seamless satellite integration into standard 3 GPP network architecture (Setup 1). 6 MHz, respectively. This led to a maximum backhaul UDP throughput of around 60 Mbps and Round Trip Time (RTT) of around 550 ms. The satellite hub platform provided a SATCOM solution using 3 GPP network architecture and by integrating SATCOM with a standard 3 GPP telecommunications network (see Figure 12). Through a VPN terrestrial link, the satellite hub platform residing at the SES teleport in Betzdorf was connected to the 5G central node of the testbed, residing in Berlin. In this context, to assure the connectivity to the 5G network through the different backhauls, the 5G core network was deployed with a functional split between the edge node and the 5G core network. Further details on the edge-central network split are provided in [21].