## 3 Results and Discussion
### Energy Parameters in Different Strategies  
As mentioned, energy consumption for the device was recorded from the moment that samples were placed in the dryer, and the energy consumption in the pre-heating stage was not included. As is clear from Figure 5, the amount of specific energy consumption (SEC) when using infrared waves for drying is lower than the combined mode or the mode where only hot air is used to dry the product. The reason for this is the lower energy loss through infrared waves, and this causes the air molecules around the product to not heat up so much, and the energy will only reach the product. In research, similar results were reported [42]. Increasing temperature and intensity of radiation, in most cases, led to a decrease in specific energy consumption value, but, sometimes, the reverse effect was \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Crank Diffusion**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Dinner Diffusion**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Crank Convection**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Dinner Convection**} \\ \hline  & **E\({}_{\rm d}\)** & **R\({}^{2}\)** & **E\({}_{\rm d}\)** & **R\({}^{2}\)** & **E\({}_{\rm c}\)** & **R\({}^{2}\)** & **E\({}_{\rm c}\)** & **R\({}^{2}\)** \\ \hline HA & 21.32346 & 0.969 & 18.43989 & 0.993 & 29.31768 & 0.9699 & 26.41749 & 0.993 \\ HA–IR250 & 33.95466 & 0.967 & 30.56418 & 0.963 & 46.69389 & 0.967 & 43.86018 & 0.962 \\ HA–IR500 & 35.43384 & 0.972 & 30.23178 & 0.974 & 48.72153 & 0.972 & 43.51947 & 0.9738 \\ HA–IR750 & 30.01572 & 0.94 & 24.87183 & 0.913 & 41.15943 & 0.908 & 31.97688 & 0.931 \\ \hline \end{tabular} E\({}_{\rm d}\): diffusive activation energy, E\({}_{\rm c}\): convective activation energy, R\({}^{2}\): correction factor.  
\end{table} 
Table 4: Activation energy for hot air drying and infrared combined drying. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Dinner Model**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Crank Model**} \\ \hline
**Treatment** & **G** & **S** & **R\({}^{2}\)** & **DI** & **BI** & **Slop (k)** & **Intercept** & **R\({}^{2}\)** \\ \hline IR500+HA55 & 1.06 \(>\) 1 & 2.41 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-4}\) & 0.996 & 1.04 \(\times\) 10\({}^{6}\) & 0.138 & 2.58 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-4}\) & 0.142 & 0.994 \\ IR500+HA70 & 1.24 \(>\) 1 & 3.64 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-4}\) & 0.974 & 6.87 \(\times\) 10\({}^{5}\) & 0.161 & 3.62 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-4}\) & 0.207 & 0.987 \\ IR750+HA40 & 0.576 & 2.46 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-4}\) & 0.919 & 1.02 \(\times\) 10\({}^{6}\) & 0.139 & 2.95 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-4}\) & \(-\)0.365 & 0.945 \\ IR750+HA55 & 0.701 & 2.76 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-4}\) & 0.970 & 9.06 \(\times\) 10\({}^{5}\) & 0.145 & 3.34 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-4}\) & \(-\)0.146 & 0.980 \\ IR750+HA70 & 1.39 \(>\) 1 & 6.26 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-4}\) & 0.939 & 3.99 \(\times\) 10\({}^{5}\) & 0.197 & 6.26 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-4}\) & 0.329 & 0.959 \\ \hline \end{tabular} For Dincer model, G: lag factor, S: drying constant, DI: Dincer number, BI: Biot number; for Crank model, k (slop) and intercept in moisture ratio diagram, R\({}^{2}\): correction factor; Dincer model coefficients are valid only when MR \(<\) 1 and for the starting moment G = 1.  
\end{table} 
Table 3: _Cont._obtained. The reason is that increasing the temperature and radiation intensity accelerates the moisture removal rate and reduces the drying time and energy consumption. On the other hand, increasing the temperature and infrared radiation intensity requires spending more energy. Therefore, it sometimes increases specific energy consumption. In the methods in which infrared and hot air were used simultaneously (the second HA-IR strategy), because the air heating system and infrared lamps were turned on, the specific energy consumption increased to a great extent until the end of the process. The results showed that the lowest specific energy consumption in the third strategy (HA+IR), with an average of 26.36 kWh/kg, was obtained, which was 10.65, 41.24, and 30.10% lower than the first, second, and fourth strategies, respectively.