# Smart Sensor Technologies for IoT
###### Abstract
The whole model is able to perform data collection at WSN layer using sensors, which mimic the IoT behaviour by sending those data to the Cloud. If a disruption scenario occurs, only urgent data are allowed to pass into higher layers through the introduced system of WSN gateways. Along with MNM, recommendations for the use of possible wireless technologies with routing protocols are provided. In addition to these recommendations, the exception mechanism for urgent data delivery in routing algorithms is introduced to all layers. The authors of [4] present a complex IoT-based solution for detecting the position of a lying person. They produced a smart topper based on our novel pressure sensor for measuring the pressure distribution of the lying person. The novel sensor is based on the electrically conductive yarn and the Velostat. The performed experiments indicate a stable resistive response. The functionality of the whole solution and application to the operational staff using the challenging dataset are presented. The modified Convolutional Neural Network classifies the collected data into one of the four lying postures. It achieved an overall accuracy of 82.22% and with the best F1 score of 84%. The aim of the paper [5] is to compare available sensors from the viewpoint of their suitability for traffic measurements. A summary of the achieved results is given in the form of the score for each sensor. The introduced sensor chart should provide the audience with knowledge about the pros and cons of sensors, especially, if intended for the purposes of road traffic surveillance. The authors in this research focused on the specific situation of road traffic monitoring with magnetometers placed at the roadside. The analysis presented in the paper will serve to the future research when the special sensor node for traffic surveillance will be designed. Paper [6] presents the concept and pilot implementation of an indoor tracking system. It is based on an overlapping-resistant Internet of Things (IoT) solution for a Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE)-based indoor tracking system (BLE-ITS). The BLE-ITS is a promising, inexpensive alternative to the well-known GPS. It can be used in human traffic analysis, such as indoor tourist facilities. Tourists or other customers are tagged by a unique MAC address assigned to a simple and energy-saving BLE beacon emitter. Their location is determined by a distributed and scalable network of popular Raspberry Pi microcomputers equipped with BLE and WiFi/Ethernet modules. The authors implemented the prototype and demonstrated its usefulness in a controlled environment. The growing demand for extensive and reliable structural health monitoring resulted in the development of advanced optical sensing systems that, in conjunction with Wireless Optical Networks (WON), are capable of extending the reach of optical sensing to places where fibre provision is not feasible. To support this effort, the authors of [7] propose a novel MultiWeight Zero Cross-Correlation (MW-ZCC) coding scheme with a low cross-correlation function for Wireless Optical Networks Based Optical Code Division Multiple Access (WON-OCDMA) system. Codes are easy to convert into multiweight power of two codes, thus suitable for supporting a variety of QoS services in WON, including sensing, datacomms and video surveillance applications. The effect of a free space transmission with medium turbulence on the signal transmission and received optical power was analysed. The simulations results revealed that for a minimum allowable BER of 10\(-\)3, 10\(-\)9, when supporting triple-play services (sensing, datacomms and video surveillance), the proposedWON-OCDMA employing MW-ZCC codes could carry up to 32 services simultaneously at a distance of 32 km in the presence of moderate turbulence in the atmosphere. In the paper [8], the authors propose an Energy-Efficient Clustering Multi-hop Routing Protocol (EECMR) for routing data packets in Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs).