# Power Losses Investigation in Direct 3 \(\times\) 5 Matrix Converter Using MATLAB Simulink
## 6 Comparison with the MxC Prototype  
Based on assumptions in the introduction of the paper and the simulation results, the practical prototype of the matrix converter was built. The sample was based on the SiC semiconductors to create a power part of the MxC. Due to the possible comparison with the simulation model, the same SiC and Direction diode as in the simulation was used, as can be seen in Table 3. Every module contained power transistors together with direction diodes designed at the IMS (insulated metal substrate) board for easy mounting and good cooling. The other part of the module contained drivers for the transistors, as well as the isolated power supplies for the drivers. Every module contained six SiC transistors forming the three inputs and one output configuration. Because of this arrangement, a total of five modules were needed to create a power part of the 3 \(\times\) 5 matrix converter investigated in this article. The final prototype of the converter is shown in Figure 11.  
Further important parts of the converter were the input filter, control boards, and measurement boards. Control boards are divided into two separate parts: the first is DSP board, which calculates duty cycles, measures currents and voltages, and communicates  
Figure 11: Prototype of the 3 \(\times\) 5 matrix converter. Figure 10: Simulated efficiency of the SiC-based MxC. with the superior system. The second part is FPGA board, which works with vectors and generates switching pulses with commutation delays [26]. The second board was implemented due to the high computation requirements of the vector implementation and commutation times calculations. The California instruments three-phase power supply was used to supply power to the prototype of the matrix converter. For the output power measurement and evaluation, the YOKOGAWA precision power analyzer was used, which can measure six channels in total. The measured output currents at the q\({}_{\text{INV}}\) = 1.6 are shown in Figure 12.  
The input power was measured using the input California power supply, and the output was measured using the mentioned YOKOGAVA analyzer. To phase voltages, the software filter in the YOKOGAWA analyzer was used to better observe the switched voltages and currents. The cut-out frequency of the filter was set to 1 kHz. The results can be seen in Figure 13.  
For a better view of the individual quantities at the output of the matrix converter, the measurement at the oscilloscope is presented in Figure 14.  
Figure 12: Measured five phase output of the MxC prototype (phase currents—top and phase voltages—bottom). Figure 13: Measured five phase output of the MxC prototype (phase currents—top and phase voltages—bottom)—Software Filtered. The waveform in Figure 14 shows the output waveforms at the five-phase load. The voltages and current matched the theoretical assumptions presented in Section 3 and simulations results in Section 5 of this paper. With the use of the YOKOGAWA analyzer, the efficiency of the converter was measured and compared to the simulation model. The results of the comparison are shown in Figure 15.  
As can be seen in Figure 15, the simulation and prototype of the matrix converter had a very good match at the higher output powers. At the maximum output power, the difference was only 0.2%. The prototype of the matrix converter reached lower efficiency at the lower output powers because the output current was very noisy, which resulted in the lower efficiency. The simulated efficiency was 94.3% and the measured efficiency was 94.5%. Finally, the input current and voltage waveforms were compared between the simulation and prototype. The result is shown in Figure 11.0  
The match between simulation and the prototype was very good, as can be seen in Figure 11.1 The current waveform matched the simulation with its shape and amplitude. This confirmed that the prototype of the MxC worked identically to the simulation model (Table 4).