## 6 Conclusions  
We selected 12 typical earthquakes with Ms \(>\) 5.0 and epicenter depth \(\leq\) 40 km within the longitude 105\({}^{\circ}\) E-145\({}^{\circ}\) E and latitude 38\({}^{\circ}\) N-58\({}^{\circ}\) N range from December 2018 to January 2023 for analysis by using HPM data recorded by the CSES in a quiet magnetic environment. Geomagnetic three-component vector data were selected, and the minimum study period was divided into 10 s intervals. Fourier transform was performed to obtain 0.01-0.2 Hz geomagnetic three-component dynamic spectra, and the time series of the polarization data was then acquired. The average value of the polarization data over four years was used to obtain the time series of the polarization perturbation amplitude, after which we conducted a joint study. The results are as follows:  
1. All five Ms \(\geq\) 6.0 earthquakes exhibited anomalies, and three of the six 6.0 \(>\) Ms \(>\) 5.0 earthquakes indicated anomalies before and after the time of earthquake occurrence, indicating that the larger the magnitude, the higher the likelihood that the anomaly perturbation is recorded by the satellite. 2. Among all the perturbation anomalies of the investigated earthquakes, the horizontal east-west component indicated the highest perturbation, while the vertical component exhibited the lowest perturbation, which is consistent with the results of previous studies. This suggests that the horizontal east-west component is likely the dominant component of seismic anomaly observations. 3. In all the seismic perturbation anomalies, the time series of the polarization data exhibited slight perturbations, suggesting that the polarization method can be better applied to ground-based data but can be applied to space-based data to a lesser degree. 4. The polarization perturbation amplitude time series was also slightly perturbed but with a smaller perturbation amplitude than that of the horizontal east-west component. The polarization perturbation amplitude method could be used as a reference method for extracting seismic anomalies. 5. Ion velocity Vx data from the plasma analyzer package (PAP) can be considered to approximately verify the physical mechanism of the anomaly perturbation of the horizontal component in the ionospheric magnetic field according to the Ampere's law, and the two kinds of data (PAP and HPM) can be combined in seismic prediction research. Conceptualization, X.O., X.S. and X.Z. ; methodology, X.S., M.Y. and X.Z. ; software, M.Y. and J.L. ; formal analysis, X.Z. and M.Y. ; investigation, X.Z. and M.Y. ; data curation, T.L., G.Q. and M.Y. ; writing--original draft preparation, M.Y. ; writing--review and editing, M.Y. ; All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. This research was funded by Earthquake Science and Technology Spark Program (XH23011 YA), the Open Fund from Earthquake Forecasting of CEA (XH23080D), Youth Fund Project of Liaoning Earthquake Agency (2022040), Project No. E3 RC2 TQ5, Project No. E3 RC2 TQ4, the National Natural Science Foundation of China (42274106), the APSCO Earthquake Research Project Phase II and Earthquake Science and Technology Spark Program (XH23010A). This study does not require ethical approval. Not applicable. The data availability statement: CSES data is available at the website [[https://www.leos.ac.cn](https://www.leos.ac.cn)]([https://www.leos.ac.cn](https://www.leos.ac.cn)) (accessed on 1 March 2023) and the magnetic index are at the website [[https://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/form/omni_min.html](https://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/form/omni_min.html)]([https://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/form/omni_min.html](https://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/form/omni_min.html)) (accessed on 1 March 2023). This paper is supported by Earthquake Science and Technology Spark Program (XH23011 YA), the Open Fund from Earthquake Forecasting of CEA (XH23080D), Youth Fund Project of Liaoning Earthquake Agency (2022040), Project No. E3 RC2 TQ5, Project No.