## 1 Introduction  
In many developing countries, increasing industrialization and overpopulation becomes the reason for escalating air pollution [1]. According to various researches conducted in high-income countries situated in the Asian region, the level of many air pollutants is normally beyond the ambient air quality standards and WHO guidelines. In many developing countries, the use of non-renewable fuel like biomass and diesel is associated with the increasing level of air pollution at the regional level. Airborne particulate matter is abundant in the atmosphere and is the foremost indicator of the quality of air in a specified area. Chemical composition, concentration and size of particulate matter varied widely and are delimited universally under acceptable standards built on size elements ranging from PM\({}_{2.5}\) to PM\({}_{10}\) to Total Suspended Particles (TSP), while PM\({}_{4}\) was also identified as the respirable size fraction [2]. Particulate matter instigates from a diversity of anthropogenic (e.g., rapid industrialization, agricultural activities, refineries, waste incineration, biomass burning, motor vehicles, utilities, brick kiln, industrial emissions power plants, factories, large population and heavy traffic) are responsible for bad air quality in the cities due to elevated levels of gaseous and particulate pollutants [3] and natural (e.g., dust storm and sea spray) sources, besides secondary formation processes. However, also mineral dust transport from deserted areas is considered a significant source for regional pollution in Asia [4]. Henceforth, for the air quality management and epidemiological studies, the assessment of the concentration of atmospheric particulate matter (PM) and its associated toxic constituents is a prerequisite [5]. It was consistently confirmed by epidemiological studies that there is a strong association between ambient particulate matter comprising toxic components and cardiovascular- and respiratory-related upsurges in mortality and morbidity, particularly in urban areas [6]. This connection has been revealed to be stronger for PM\({}_{2.5}\) rather than for PM\({}_{10}\) or total suspended particles since PM\({}_{2.5}\) can infiltrate deep into the alveolar areas of the human lungs [6]. The transport and distribution of particulate matter in the atmosphere are distinctly allied with meteorological parameters such as air temperature, relative humidity, atmospheric pressure, wind direction, speed, and rainfall [7]. In various parts of the world, different monitoring programs on atmospheric PM have been directed which exposed varied instabilities and disproportions among the trace element constituents and particulate matter [8]. Components of carbonaceous aerosol, elemental carbon (EC) and organic carbon (OC), account for a large element of atmospheric particulate matter and, on average, subsidize 20-35% of coarse particulate and 20-45% of fine particulate [9]. Carbonaceous aerosols have a chief role in the interactions of light-particles within the atmosphere and are one of the significant components of fine and coarse particulate matter; they are therefore associated with the negative climatic and environmental impacts and the worsening in public health and air quality [10]. Elemental carbon is often used as a substitute for black carbon (BC) and is discharged into the atmosphere mostly through the processes of combustion [11]. Elemental carbon is primarily accountable for the absorption of light in the atmosphere, which sturdily influence the radiative balance of the earth [12]. The six main sources of elemental carbon have been recognized using organic tracers as coal combustion, biomass burning, vehicle exhaust, cigarette smoke, cooking and vegetative detritus [13]. Carbonaceous aerosols were found dominant in PM\({}_{2.5}\) (which is attained from agricultural waste and wood-fuel burning) and have a strong effect on the decline in visibility and air-quality and also stimulates radiative forcing on a regional scale [14].