## 3 Motivation for Occupant-Centered Assessment
### Occupant-Building Interaction Asymmetry  
As indicated in the previous section, and depending on the occupancy type held in the building (see Section 5), the occupant-building interaction can be towards opposite preferences, and in some cases, decisive on building operation (Table 1). In fact, unde \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l l} \hline
**Interaction Type** & **Effect** & **Description** & **References** \\ \hline Blind operation & + & Occupants tend to open blinds to favor brighter indoor environments without glare risk. Which often leads to lower energy use, when solar radiation is not too intense. A manual control over lights and blinds could produce annual reductions in lighting loads up to 80\% compared to a constant lighting activation. \\ & + & Occupants tend to close blinds in instances of incident outdoor illuminance above 50 klux or to avoid direct sunlight above 50 W/m\({}^{2}\). Protecting from both excessive light and radiation influx. \\ & +/\(-\) & Occupants tend to open blinds to favor brighter indoor environment without glare risk. Having a larger glare tolerance, or avoiding glare by different means, could lead to higher cooling (or lower heating) loads compared to estimated performance. \\ & \(-\) & Occupants tend not to open the blinds to increase daylight influx when sufficient outdoor illuminance is present. Which often leads to larger energy use to compensate for the lack of adequate illuminance levels. \\ & \(-\) & Occupants tend to close the blinds upon arrival regardless of the outdoor illuminance intensity, even when proper or insufficient for indoor lighting. This often leads to larger energy use of lighting appliances. \\ & \(-\) & Glare control measures can negatively affect the illuminance level and illuminance uniformity in an office. \\ Light appliances use & + & Automatic daylight linked dimming of lights is acceptable to occupants. Although, manual dimming results in higher occupant satisfaction levels. Moreover, these systems motivate occupants to use more daylight. \\ & + & Active automated lighting control (ON/OFF light switching with ideal photocell-based dimming and occupancy-sensing OFF switching) could lead to an annual reduction in lighting loads up to 90\% if compared to a constant lighting activation scenario. \\ & + & For most users the decision to turn lights on when arriving depends on the daylight level in the room at that moment since, on average, occupants switch electric lights on more frequently in the case of low daylight induced illuminances. \\ & + & Manual control over lights and blinds could lead to an annual reduction in lighting loads up to 80\% if compared to a constant lighting activation scenario. \\ & + & Passive reminders (i.e., stickers installed by the light switches) substantially increase the occupants’ turning off activity. Avoiding energy waste \\ & \(-\) & Forgetting lighting appliances on, when not needed can lead to an excess up to 50\% of energy use. Indeed, up to 90\% of manual controls occur just after the occupant enters the room or just before they left. \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Summary of the effects (positive [+] or negative [-]) of occupant-building interaction on building energy performance. sired human-building interaction, or idleness, can lead to 25% variation in yearly energy consumption compared to traditional building energy modelling (BEM) (Figure 1) [30]. Such variance can be attributed to the physical conditions which affect occupant perception, hence deviating from the standard visually comfortable ranges. People could suffer from eye sight issues, or can be significantly affected by the ageing of the eye, demanding more specific lighting provision requirements; few may be more sensitive to high illuminance levels due to their eye colour or to particular light colour given their eye physiology. Whereas, some others with the use of contact lenses or glasses, might be more or less tolerant to low or high illuminance or luminance levels depending on the case.