# Smart Trash Bin Model Design and Future for Smart City
## 1 Introduction  
The Republic of Korea (ROK) government has used standard trash bags since it implemented the trash commission system in 1995. Since the implementation of this system, trash has been disposed of using standard trash bags, but many people have been culprits of unauthorized dumping of household trash and business trash into street trash bins, in order to save on the cost of standard trash bags. The Seoul Metropolitan Government tried to solve the problem by removing the street trash bins. However, although the trash bin was removed, the problem of illegal dumping of trash was still serious. Trash dumping damages the city's landscape and causes various problems, such as hygiene and odors. As a result, trash bins were installed throughout as part of the establishment of the \"Extension of Street Trash and Management Improvement Plan\" in 2013. Installing additional trash bins led to the cost of installation and management burdens on the local governments. The Seoul Metropolitan Government tried to reduce this burden, by offsetting some costs, but this did not solve the budget problems of all the local governments. Table 1 shows the number of trash bins and the number of sanitation workers in the Seoul Metropolitan Government each year [1; 2; 3]. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline
**Year** & **Number of Trash Boxes** & **Sanitation Workers** \\ \hline
1995 & 7607 & 8683 \\
2007 & 3703 & 3256 \\
2012 & 4724 & 3281 \\
2013 & 4476 & 2996 \\
2014 & 4884 & 2799 \\
2015 & 5138 & 2563 \\
2016 & 5640 & 2466 \\
2017 & 5939 & 2239 \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: The Number of Trash Bins and Sanitation Workers in Seoul. Since 2018, it has been difficult to find bus stops and subway stations without trash bins, as disposable cups and others cannot be taken onboard the city bus [1]. If the number of trash cans is increasing, poor management can cause hygiene problems and problems that ruin the city's landscape, so regular management is necessary. On Naver, a ROK portal site, we collected the titles of 10,000 news articles under the keywords, \"Smart Trash Bin\", to turn the 30 top morphs into a Word Cloud and plot. Figure 1 shows the result of visualizing the top 30 words into a plot, and Appendix A Table A1 shows the result of the Korean-English translation of the top 30 words. The ROK is pushing to install smart trash bins, starting with the Seoul Metropolitan Government, to build a smart city, and is holding various related contests. Due to this, we designed a smart trash bin model that can be installed in ROK. In the United States (US), detailed laws on recycling apply differently from state to state. However, according to the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)'s \"National Framework for Advancing the US Recycling System\", recycling is a great benefit to the US economy and it encourages recycling [4]. As a result, New York City (NYC) has been discussing the hygiene and traffic problems of excessive trash bags in the pedestrians' way [5], and Chicago was dealing with most of its trash in the past with landfills and incineration but has now been using new trash bins since 2007 [6]. There is a lot of effort going on in the states. Europe has been interested in recycling waste in the past. In 1994, the European Union (EU) was instrumental in encouraging more effective waste management policies, and since then countries in the EU have made various efforts to achieve annual goals. Thanks to this interest, research on waste disposal technology is also actively being carried out, and new technologies are being introduced quickly [7,8]. Therefore, this paper proposes an automated smart trash separation bin to minimize the management costs associated with street bins and to help citizens practice better recycling methods. The rest of this paper is organized as follows. Section 2 describes the Smart Trash Bin model design, trash image classification, trash classification using spectroscopy, and related work. Section 3 presents a Smart Trash Bin model design and discussion.