# Firefly Optimized Resource Control and Routing Stability in MANET +
###### Abstract  
A mobile adhoc network (MANET) is a network that comprises mobile devices positioned in various places functioning without any central administration. Routing in MANET plays a vital role when the data packet (DP) is sent from source to destination. In order to improve the routing stability in MANET, resource utilization (i.e., energy and bandwidth) has to be controlled. An effective firefly resource-optimized routing (FFROR) technique controls resource utilization and improves routing stability during data packet (DP) transmission in MANET. Initially, in FFROR, the firefly resource optimization (FFRO) algorithm generates the population of fireflies (i.e., mobile nodes). It calculates the light intensity of every firefly based on objective functions (i.e., minimum energy consumption and minimum bandwidth utilization). The FFRO algorithm ranks fireflies according to the light intensity and finds the best resource-optimized mobile node (MN) to send the DP to the destination. This, in turn, helps in finding the resource-optimized mobile nodes and choosing the route path for sending the DP to the destination. The proposed FFRO technique uses the FFRO algorithm to increase routing stability and throughput. The simulation is carried out to analyze the performance of proposed FFRO techniques with parameters such as energy consumption, bandwidth availability, routing stability, and throughput.  
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munication strategy, minimal energy consumption with optimized routing (MECOR),uses mobile node mathematical and signaling features [4] and ant colony optimization [5]. The bandwidth consumption rate was larger.  
The fuzzy-based approach in [6; 7] increases an ad hoc on-demand distance vector (AODV) reactive routing protocol and identifies trusted nodes between the sender and recipient. Energy use was low. Energy-efficient routing was introduced in [8; 9] with QoS monitoring agents that measured link dependability. Robust broadcast propagation(RBP) protects network energy. The energy-efficient routing method was not able to minimize bandwidth usage. Node movement stability, channel congestion, and link/route expiration time mobility are energy-efficient concepts in the mobility and quality of service aware anycast routing system (MQAR) [10]. Routing consumed a lot of energy.  
In [11], the authors presented temporally ordered routing algorithm (TORA) routing protocol energy-aware features using a binary particle swarm optimization algorithm(BPSO). The route length and energy level were used to select routes. The weight function of route length and energy level was raised using BPSO route selection. The throughput was not boosted by BPSO. An energy-efficient bandwidth-aware MANET routing protocol was introduced in [12; 13]. The source determines the data forwarding route due to limited energy and bandwidth for on-demand various disconnected pathways. ZRP [14] combined proactive and reactive MANET routing protocols. ZRP relies on hop-described zones. The energy use did not decrease.  
Research contributions are characterized as follows: firefly resource-optimized routing (FFROR) cuts MN resource use and improves MANET routing stability; the proposed firefly resource optimization (FFRO) algorithm can find the resource-optimized way of sending the DP using FFROR; DP is sent to the destination node through the selected path, improving routing stability.