## 3 Results
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c} \hline \hline
**Outcome** & \begin{tabular}{c} **DN Group** \\ **(_n = 15_)** \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} **DF Group** \\ **(_n = 15_)** \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} **Between-Group Difference** \\ **in Change Score** \\ \end{tabular} & \
\begin{tabular}{c} **Effect Size of** \\ **Difference** \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline _Stiffness [N/m]_ & & & & \\ Baseline & 173.47 \(\pm\) 25.50 & 173.21 \(\pm\)26.60 & & \\ Postintervention change score & \(-\)18.33 \(\pm\) 14.08 & \(-\)21.28 \(\pm\) 16.48 & \(-\)2.95 \((-\)14.60, 8.70) & 0.1 \\ One-week follow-up change score & \(-\)7.6 \(\pm\) 34.08 & \(-\)22.57 \(\pm\) 11.52 & \(-\)14.97 \((-\)34.65, 4.71) & 0.5 \\ \hline _Tone [Hz]_ & & & & \\ Baseline & 11.32 \(\pm\)0.38 & 11.57 \(\pm\)0.61 & & \\ Postintervention change score & \(-\)0.39 \(\pm\) 0.37 & \(-\)0.19 \(\pm\) 0.45 & 0.20 \((-\)0.11, 0.51) & 0.4 \\ One-week follow-up change score & \(-\)0.16 \(\pm\) 0.53 & \(-\)0.30 \(\pm\) 0.56 & \(-\)0.13 \((-\)0.55, 0.28) & 0.2 \\ \hline _VAS [points]_ & & & & \\ Baseline & 4.36 \(\pm\) 2.18 & 3.90 \(\pm\) 2.24 & & \\ Postintervention change score & \(-\)4.36 \(\pm\) 2.18 & \(-\)3.90 \(\pm\) 2.24 & 0.45 \((-\)1.22, 2.14) & 0.2 \\ One-week follow-up change score & \(-\)2.54 \(\pm\) 1.63 & \(-\)2.10 \(\pm\) 2.51 & 0.53 \((-\)1.06, 2.14) & 0.2 \\ \hline _IR ROM [\({}^{\circ}\)]_ & & & & \\ Baseline & 19.07 \(\pm\) 6.59 & 15.79 \(\pm\) 3.51 & & \\ Postintervention change score & 16.40 \(\pm\) 9.25 & 15.21 \(\pm\) 7.24 & \(-\)1.18 \((-\)7.55, 5.18) & 0.1 \\ One-week follow-up change score & 13.73 \(\pm\) 7.13 & 14.35 \(\pm\) 6.46 & 0.63 \((-\)4.57, 5.82) & 0.1 \\ \hline _ER ROM [\({}^{\circ}\)]_ & & & & \\ Baseline & 76.67 \(\pm\) 10.30 & 75.29 \(\pm\) 10.48 & & \\ Postintervention change score & 7.26 \(\pm\) 17.69 & 7.92 \(\pm\) 10.49 & 0.66 \((-\)10.52, 11.85) & 0.1 \\ One-week follow-up change score & 6.40 \(\pm\) 17.05 & 8.28 \(\pm\) 12.97 & 1.88 \((-\)9.72, 13.49) & 0.1 \\ \hline _tROM [\({}^{\circ}\)]_ & & & & \\ Baseline & 95.73 \(\pm\) 11.06 & 91.07 \(\pm\) 11.20 & & \\ Postintervention change score & 23.66 \(\pm\) 23.25 & 23.14 \(\pm\) 13.09 & \(-\)0.52 \((-\)15.05, 14.00) & 0.1 \\ One-week follow-up change score & 20.13 \(\pm\) 21.68 & 22.64 \(\pm\) 15.56 & 2.50 \((-\)11.96, 16.98) & 0.1 \\ \hline _HA ROM [\({}^{\circ}\)]_ & & & & \\ Baseline & \(-\)9.93 \(\pm\) 5.32 & \(-\)9.57 \(\pm\) 4.40 & & \\ Postintervention change score & 14.53 \(\pm\) 11.12 & 13.57 \(\pm\) 6.52 & \(-\)0.96 \((-\)7.97, 6.05) & 0.1 \\ One-week follow-up change score & 19.73 \(\pm\) 9.04 & 21.00 \(\pm\) 10.16 & 1.26 \((-\)6.05, 8.58) & 0.1 \\ \hline _Extensibility [\({}^{\circ}\)]_ & & & & \\ Baseline & \(-\)12.20 \(\pm\) 8.36 & \(-\)10.93 \(\pm\) 9.59 & & \\ Postintervention change score & 6.13 \(\pm\) 6.85 & 7.37 \(\pm\) 6.97 & 1.22 \((-\)4.04, 6.49) & 0.1 \\ One-week follow-up change score & 5.80 \(\pm\) 10.92 & 8.21 \(\pm\) 8.34 & 2.41 \((-\)5.03, 9.86) & 0.2 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c} \hline \hline  & \multicolumn{1}{c}{DN: dry needing; DF: diactaneous fibrolysis; VAS: visual analog scale; ROM: range of motion; IR: internal rotation; ER: external rotation; tROM: total range of motion; HA: horizontal adduction. Values are expressed as mean \(\pm\) SD.} \\ \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Baseline, postintervention, and follow-up change scores for the outcome variables. The within-group analysis showed that no group achieved changes higher than the MDCs at any timepoint for muscle stiffness and muscle tone. Regarding the secondary variables, both groups achieved changes higher than the MDCs for shoulder ER, IR, and HA ROM. For extensibility, only the DF group showed results higher than the MDC.