# On Deploying the Internet of Energy with 5G Open RAN Technology including Beamforming Mechanism
## 1 Introduction  
The Internet of Energy (IoE) is the deployment of IoT technology within energy systems (including distributed power monitoring and measuring points, energy plant sensors, points of distribution) to increase the efficiency of the whole infrastructure while decreasing the energy waste [1, 2]. A similar term to the IoE is the Energy Cloud, however Energy Cloud refers to a common integration platform for handling and processing data from all the applications related to energy management [3, 4]. Such a platform will be in the cloud and, partially, in the edge, whereas the IoE refers to the use of one underlying communication network for connecting the devices of the energy-power distribution infrastructure, regardless of how (and where) the data are processed. The IoE assumes a high number of sensors that send/receive Mobile Autonomous Reporting (MAR) exception reports (around 20 bytes/message with interarrival of around several days). Mobile Autonomous Reporting periodic reports (around 20-200 bytes/message with interarrival of once per two hours), Network originated reports (around 20-200 bytes/message with interarrival of once per two hours) and Software update/reconfiguration model (around 2 kbytes/update and two updates/year). IoE also assumes other kinds of applications, such as video surveillance, which requires high bitrates and many critical applications that need a short response time. The success of IoE depends on many factors, including the increase in applications that can be used to control the power supply chain, the reduction in the costs of thesensors, especially the reduction in the costs of the network infrastructure, while keeping the requirements that IoE poses to the network, in addition to higher flexibility in the network, so that different scenarios may be considered. From the point of view of sensors, IoT is moving ahead very fast with the appearance of many new applications, but also with the appearance of always cheaper solutions based on Software Defined Radio (SDR), which is an approach to the implementation of radio communications based on deploying typical radio modules (modulation, filtering, multiplex, etc.) as software, so that it is possible to avoid all the inconveniences of the hardware due to limitations of electronics. Commonly, SDR maintains only Digital-to-Analog and Analog-to-Digital converters and antennas as hardware. SDR makes feasible the relatively low-cost implementation of end devices even in advanced technology as 5G [5], which fulfils one of the prerogatives of IoE over 5G. From the point of view of the network, IoE poses strong requirements to the infrastructure, not only related to radio interface but also related to the deployment of the network. Since the energy systems are critical systems, the network developed for IoE should typically use separate radio resources. This means that in almost all countries, a separate frequency band is reserved for energy companies; however, this does not necessarily imply that the whole network infrastructure will be separate from a public network. While the radio network should be separate for IoE, the core network may be separate or may be common with public networks. The main criteria for selecting any of the options are costs, security assurance level of the core and management accountability (i.e., whether the energy company can manage the communication network, or it must rely on an external telco operator). As far as the radio network is concerned, there are several criteria that should be afforded to decide the radiocommunication technology to be used.