## 3 Results and Discussion
### Mineral Content  
The concentrations of minerals and trace elements are detailed in Table 2, with \(p\)-values provided in Table S3 (see Supplementary Materials). Cheese serves as a significant source of essential elements, including calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), and magnesium (Mg), with particular emphasis on its bioavailable calcium content [75]. In SHGCs, Ca concentrations ranged from 15.50 to 17.82 g\(\cdot\)kg\({}^{-1}\), showing a significant difference between SHGC-C and SHGC-U (\(p\) = 0.0495), which is attributable to the calcium content in _Ulva_ sp. (5.35 g\(\cdot\)kg\({}^{-1}\)). Calcium is not only a key mineral in the human body but is also abundant in algae, with concentrations ranging from 470 to 1400 mg\(\cdot\)100 g\({}^{-1}\) DW [76], surpassing those found in common vegetables like apples, oranges, carrots, and potatoes [77]. Potassium (K) levels ranged from 1.68 to 2.15 g\(\cdot\)kg\({}^{-1}\). Generally, the K content in _Ulva_ spp. (phylum _Chlorophyta_) is lower than that found in _Rhodophyta_ species [77], which aligns with the results observed in this study--19.20 g\(\cdot\)kg\({}^{-1}\) for _Ulva_ sp. and 96.11 g\(\cdot\)kg\({}^{-1}\) for _P. palmata_. Despite this, no significant differences in K content were found among the SHGCs (\(p\) > 0.05). Magnesium (Mg) levels ranged from 1.18 to 1.51 g\(\cdot\)kg\({}^{-1}\), showing a significant difference between SHGC-PP and SHGC-U (\(p\) = 0.0495). Although _Ulva_ sp. is known for its high Mg content [77], with a concentration of 50.11 g\(\cdot\)kg\({}^{-1}\) in this study, this was not reflected in the magnesium content of the cheese supplemented with _Ulva_ sp. (SHGC-U). Sodium (Na) levels ranged from 5.74 to 7.84 g\(\cdot\)kg\({}^{-1}\), exhibiting significant differences between SHGC-PP and SHGC-U (\(p\) = 0.0495). These differences were directly related to the sodium content in the seaweeds, with _P. palmata_ containing 21.25 g\(\cdot\)kg\({}^{-1}\) and _Ulva_ sp. 31.78 g\(\cdot\)kg\({}^{-1}\). \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Minerals and Trace**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Seaweeds**} & **Control** & **Supplemented Products** & **Certified** \\ \cline{2-6}  & _P. palmata_ & _Ulba sp._ & **SHGC-C** & **SHGC-PP** & **SHGC-U** & **Values [b]** \\ \hline Ca (g\(\cdot\)kg\({}^{-1}\) DW) & 1.57 \(\pm\) 0.03 A & 5.35 \(\pm\) 0.08 B & 15.50 \(\pm\) 0.80 a & 15.85 \(\pm\) 1.58 a & 17.82 \(\pm\) 1.00 b & 12.35 \(\pm\) 0.22 \\ K (g\(\cdot\)kg\({}^{-1}\) DW) & 96.11 \(\pm\) 2.82 A & 19.20 \(\pm\) 0.10 B & 1.68 \(\pm\) 0.36 a & 2.15 \(\pm\) 0.26 a & 1.87 \(\pm\) 0.18 a & 75.18 \(\pm\) 1.66 \\ Mg (g\(\cdot\)kg\({}^{-1}\) DW) & 2.81 \(\pm\) 0.20 A & 50.11 \(\pm\) 0.70 B & 1.39 \(\pm\) 0.17 ab & 1.51 \(\pm\) 0.12 a & 1.18 \(\pm\) 0.10 b & 6.08 \(\pm\) 0.21 \\ Na (g\(\cdot\)kg\({}^{-1}\) DW) & 21.25 \(\pm\) 0.79 A & 31.78 \(\pm\) 0.26 B & 5.74 \(\pm\) 1.81 ab & 6.26 \(\pm\) 0.62 a & 7.84 \(\pm\) 0.37 b & 16.56 \(\pm\) 0.49 \\ P (g\(\cdot\)kg\({}^{-1}\) DW) & 1.77 \(\pm\) 0.04 A & 1.61 \(\pm\) 0.07 B & 14.67 \(\pm\) 0.87 a & 12.81 \(\pm\) 1.05 a & 14.46 \(\pm\) 1.65 a & 4.58 \(\pm\) 0.48 \\ Fe (mg\(\cdot\)kg\({}^{-1}\) DW) & 47.08 \(\pm\) 0.64 A & 331.81 \(\pm\) 18.24 B & 3.34 \(\pm\) 0.43 a & 3.74 \(\pm\) 0.24 a & 21.84 \(\pm\) 8.82 b & 661.03 \(\pm\) 33.11 \\ I (mg\(\cdot\)kg\({}^{-1}\) DW) & 48.38 \(\pm\) 0.20 A & 13.52 \(\pm\) 0.34 B & \(<\)LOQ & \(<\)LOQ & \(<\)LOQ & 918.05 \(\pm\) 49.52 \\ Mn (mg\(\cdot\)kg\({}^{-1}\) DW) & 5.72 \(\pm\) 0.56 A & 37.94 \(\pm\) 0.62 B & 0.83 \(\pm\) 0.08 a & 1.21 \(\pm\) 0.12 b & 2.50 \(\pm\) 0.42 c & 23.90 \(\pm\) 1.81 \\ Se (mg\(\cdot\)kg\({}^{-1}\) DW) & 1.20 \(\pm\) 0.25 A & 1.74 \(\pm\) 0.13 B & 2.17 \(\pm\) 0.35 a & 2.05 \(\pm\) 0.11 a & 1.93 \(\pm\) 0.23 a & n.a. \\ Zn (mg\(\cdot\)kg\({}^{-1}\) DW) & 24.77 \(\pm\) 1.03 A & 23.28 \(\pm\) 1.30 A & 24.60 \(\pm\) 1.27 a & 22.77 \(\pm\) 0.20 b & 26.89 \(\pm\) 3.55 a & 26.52 \(\pm\) 0.63 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}