## 4 Design and Performance Evaluation of High-Modulus Asphalt Mixtures
### Performance Evaluation of High-Modulus Asphalt Mixtures  
#### 4.3.1 Mechanical Performance  
Static Modulus Test  
The compressive resilience modulus of the asphalt layer directly affects the calculation of road surface rebound deflection and low tensile stress in the asphalt layer. In the analysis of elastic layered system theory, it is an important material mechanics parameter. It has been demonstrated that the rutting performance of asphalt mixtures is inversely proportional to their modulus, with a greater effect observed at high temperatures. Therefore, the experimental study of the compressive resilience modulus of asphalt mixtures can provide an important basis for designing high-modulus asphalt pavement structures. According to the \"Asphalt and Asphalt Mixture Test Procedure\", cylindrical specimens were compacted and shaped into a height of 150 mm and diameter of 150 mm using a rotary compactor to control the specimen height mode. Specimens with dimensions of 100 mm \(\times\) 100 mm were obtained by coring with a core drilling machine. The molded specimens were left at room temperature for 24 h while strictly controlling the void ratio to approximately 4%. The uniaxial compression test was conducted on a universal material testing machine at a loading rate of 1 mm/min. It is recommended to use the ambient temperature box provided with the equipment to maintain warmth during the test. Table 25 displays the maximum bearing capacity and rebound modulus of the four asphalts at 15 \({}^{\circ}\)C and 20 \({}^{\circ}\)C under different grading conditions. The table indicates that the maximum load and compressive resilience modulus of various asphalt mixtures decrease with increasing temperature. Moreover, larger nominal sizes correspond to higher \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Asphalt content (\%)} & Theory & 3.5 & 4.0 & 4.5 & 5.0 & 5.5 \\ \cline{2-6}  & Actual & 3.38 & 3.85 & 4.31 & 4.76 & 5.21 \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Density (g/cm\({}^{3}\))} & Theory & 2.628 & 2.608 & 2.588 & 2.569 & 2.549 \\ \cline{2-6}  & Actual & 2.447 & 2.462 & 2.477 & 2.492 & 2.500 \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Aggregate Synthesis Bulk Volume Relative Density} & \multirow{2}{*}{2.743} & \multirow{2}{*}{2.743} & \multirow{2}{*}{2.743} & \multirow{2}{*}{2.743} & \multirow{2}{*}{2.743} & \multirow{2}{*}{2.743} \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{3-3} \cline{5-6}  & & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Voids of Aggregate (\%)} & \multirow{2}{*}{13.8} & \multirow{2}{*}{13.7} & \multirow{2}{*}{13.6} & \multirow{2}{*}{13.5} & \multirow{2}{*}{13.6} \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{3-3} \cline{5-6}  & & & & & \\ \hline Saturation (\%) & 50.1 & 59.1 & 68.4 & 77.7 & 85.9 \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Stability (KN)} & \multirow{2}{*}{12.72} & \multirow{2}{*}{12.32} & \multirow{2}{*}{11.76} & \multirow{2}{*}{11.01} & \multirow{2}{*}{10.42} \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{3-3} \cline{5-6}  & & & & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 24: ARHM-20 Marshall test results. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Asphalt Content (\%)} & Theory & 4.0 & 4.5 & 5.0 & 5.5 & 6.0 \\ \cline{2-6}  & Actual & 3.85 & 4.31 & 4.76 & 5.21 & 5.66 \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Density (g/cm\({}^{3}\))} & Theory & 2.536 & 2.516 & 2.498 & 2.480 & 2.463 \\ \cline{2-6}  & Actual & 2.350 & 2.368 & 2.386 & 2.398 & 2.407 \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Aggregate Synthesis Bulk Volume Relative Density} & \multirow{2}{*}{2.654} & \multirow{2}{*}{2.654} & \multirow{2}{*}{2.654} & \multirow{2}{*}{2.654} & \multirow{2}{*}{2.654} \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{3-3} \cline{5-6}  & & & & & \\ \hline Porosity (\%) & 7.3 & 5.9 & 4.5 & 3.3 & 2.3 \\ \hline Voids of Aggregate (\%) & 14.8 & 14.6 & 14.4 & 14.3 & 14.4 \\ \hline Saturation (\%) & 50.6 & 59.7 & 68.8 & 76.9 & 84.2 \\ \hline Stability (KN) & 10.32 & 10.10 & 9.58 & 8.81 & 8.06 \\ \hline Flow Value (mm) & 2.2 & 2.3 & 2.5 & 2.7 & 3.0 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 23: ARHM-13 Marshall test results. maximum load and compressive resilience modulus at identical temperatures.