## 3 Results  
The 157 subjects were recruited (100 males and 57 females) among sedentary subjects, professional athletes playing asymmetrical sports (sports with greater musculoskeletal involvement of one limb or one body side) and symmetrical ones (sports with a homogeneous musculoskeletal involvement of both body sides). Subjects sample was divided in the following groups: 69 subjects playing different symmetrical professional sports like soccer, rugby, CrossFit, athletics, swimming and American football, aged between 20 and 34 years; 23 subjects playing asymmetrical sports like volleyball, shooting and fencing; 65 healthy sedentary subjects. For the three groups examined, the following variables in relation to three plans of motion (frontal, sagittal and transverse) have been assessed [19; 20]:  
* antero-posterior flexion: horizontal distance between DM, midpoint of the segment connecting DR-DL (right and left lumbar dimples), and the vertical passing through VP (vertebra prominent or C7 spinous apophys; \"-\" indicates retroflexion);
* lateral flexion: on frontal plan, horizontal distance between DM and the vertical passing through VP;
* pelvic inclination: vertical height difference between DL and DR on frontal plan;
* pelvic rotation: DL-DR line rotation compared to the line passing posteriorly to the heels;
* cervical fleche: on sagittal plan, horizontal distance between VP and tangent to spine curvature in KA (kyphotic apex) parallel to VP-DM axis (6-8 cm according to Stagnara);
* lumbar fleche: on sagittal plan, horizontal distance between LA and tangent to spine curvature in KA (kyphotic apex) parallel to VP-DM axis (4-6 cm according to Stagnara);
* kyphosis angle (deg), measured as the angle between tangents of the spine curve calculated at the points of cervicothoracic (ICT) and thoracolumbar (ITL) inflexions;
* lordosis angle (deg), measured as the angle between tangents of the spine curve calculated at the points of ITL and lumbosacral junction (ILS) inflexion;
* sagittal pelvic alignment (deg), calculated as the arithmetic mean between the two angles formed by the perpendicular to the surface in DR and DL to the vertical axis (pelvic torsion average). Since DR and DL represent the posterior superior iliac spines at the surface of the skin, this data gives us an indication of the alignment in the sagittal plane of the pelvic bone. It is not a radiographic parameter;
* surface rotation: vertebral bodies rotation (calculated as the angle between the surface normal referred to the symmetry line and the normal to frontal plane starting out from the same point). \"L\" or \"-\" indicate surface motion to the left and thus right vertebral rotation, vice versa for \"R\", \"rms\" = quadratic mean, \"max\" = maximum value;
* trunk torsion: surface rotation of VP compared to surface rotation at DM (\"-\" indicates a right vertebral rotation di VP compared to the one at DM);
* lateral deviation: on frontal plan, horizontal lateral deviation of vertebral bodies centres compared to the VP-DM line (\"rms\" = quadratic mean, \"max\" = maximum value, \"R\" indicates a right convexity, \"L\" left convexity). Subsequently, a descriptive assessment of the various parameters has been performed, taking in account, for each group, the median and even reporting maximum and minimum values. Results are shown in Tables 1-4. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline  & **Symmetrical Sports** & **Asymmetrical Sports** & \\ \cline{2-3}  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline  & **Symmetrical Sports** & **Asymmetrical Sports** & \\ \cline{2-3}
**Parameters** & **Mediana** & **Mediana** & \(p\)**-Value** \\  & **(val.max/val.min)** & **Mediana** & **(val.max/val.min)** & \\ \hline \begin{tabular}{c} Antero-posterior Flexion VPDM (\({}^{\circ}\)) \\ \end{tabular}  & 2.375 (8.42/\(-\)5.03) & 2.53 (8.9/\(-\)1.77) & 0.324 \\ \hline \begin{tabular}{c} Antero-posterior Flexion VPDM (mm) \\ \end{tabular}  & 19.765 (69.5/\(-\)36.82) & 20.69 (76.60/\(-\)14.54) & 0.298 \\ \hline