# Modeling of Historical Marine Casualty on S-100 Electronic Navigational Charts
## 3 Method: Data Modeling of Marine Casualty
### Application Schema Definition
\begin{table}
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**Feature** & **Description** & **Attribute** & **Relationship** \\ \hline \multirow{5}{*}{Casualty} & Abstract feature type defining common information across all types of incidents. & date, deaths, missings, severeInjuries, description, IMONum, location, geometry & It was implemented by inheriting from the _S100_GF_FeatureType_ meta class and contains common attributes shared by the subordinate feature types. \\ \cline{2-4}  & Inclients related to damage of the hull, propulsion systems, or rudder components. & hullAndEngineAccessory DamageType & \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{CollisionAndContact} & Incidents involving collisions with other vessels, piers, structures, or floating objects. & collisionAndContactType & \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Navigationallssues} & Incidents caused by navigational errors such as drifting, loss of direction, or blocked passage. & navigationallssuesType & \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{ FloodingAndSinking} & Serious structural failures resulting in flooding, sinking, or capsizing. & floodingAndSinkingType & It was implemented by inheriting from the _Casualty_ abstract feature type. \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{FireAndExplosion} & Incidents involving fires or explosions occurring internally or externally on the vessel. & fireAndExplosionType & \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{StrandingAndGrounding} & Incidents involving groundings or contact with the seafloor in shallow areas. & & \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{OtherIncident} & Incidents that do not fall under any of the predefined categories or are difficult to classify. & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Features with attributes and relationships in marine casualty model. are meaningfully categorized and that multiple applicable subtypes can be represented when necessary. For instance, the _HullAndEngineAccessoryDamage_ feature type includes an attribute named _hullAndEngineAccessoryDamageType_, which can have values such as hull damage, machinery and propulsion damage, and others. This feature enables mechanical failure information to be visualized on ENCs, helping navigators identify areas where similar issues have occurred and take preventive measures or exercise caution. The _CollisionAndContact_ feature type structures contact incidents such as vessel-to-vessel collisions, contact with structures, and entanglement with floating objects. Providing this information supports the identification of areas where such incidents have occurred frequently, enabling safer route planning or increased caution in those zones. The _Navigationallssues_ feature type covers navigational control problems including drifting, loss of direction, and sailing hindrances. This enables users to understand which waters may pose navigational challenges, helping them evaluate route options more effectively. The _FloodingAndSinking_ feature type includes incidents such as flooding, sinking, and capsizing. When displayed on electronic charts, this data helps identify areas where structural failures have been reported and may, in the future, be integrated with weather information to enhance situational awareness. The _FireAndExplosion_ feature type captures incidents involving fires and explosions. By referencing this information, vessels--particularly those carrying hazardous materials--can avoid areas with a history of such events or plan appropriate safety measures. The _StrandingAndGrounding_ feature type includes incidents involving contact with the seafloor or grounding in shallow waters. Highlighting these locations can inform decisions about depth-related route adjustments. This information could also be