## 3 Results
### 5a-Reducase Inhibitory Activity  
The standard curve for 5 aR inhibitory activity was prepared. The 5 aR inhibitory activity of finasteride was 0.27 uM (IC\({}_{50}\)). According to the standard curve, the 5 aR inhibitory activity of extracts was calculated. All the extracts displayed inhibition in the range from 0.349 \(\pm\) 0.007 to 0.469 \(\pm\) 0.001 mg finasteride equivalent (FE)/g extract. The flesh  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Plant Parts and Solvent**} & **TPC** & **DPPH** & **ABTS** & **NO** \\  & **(mg GAE/g of Extract)** & **(mg TEAC/g of Extract)** & **(mg TEAC/g of Extract)** & **(mg TEAC/g of Extract)** \\ \hline Flesh with absolute ethanol & 40.20 \(\pm\) 5.63 \({}^{f}\) & 117.66 \(\pm\) 2.97 \({}^{\text{b}ede}\) & 83.378 \(\pm\) 1.30 \({}^{h}\) & 1205.75 \(\pm\) 231.12 \({}^{f}\) \\ Flesh with 80\% ethanol & 172.40 \(\pm\) 3.90 \({}^{\text{c}d}\) & 123.25 \(\pm\) 6.61 \({}^{\text{b}ed}\) & 214.84 \(\pm\) 5.44 \({}^{b}\) & 675.79 \(\pm\) 64.03 \({}^{\text{g}}\) \\ Flesh with 60\% ethanol & 196.52 \(\pm\) 23.48 \({}^{\text{c}}\) & 138.25 \(\pm\) 10.37 \({}^{\text{a}d}\) & 241.79 \(\pm\) 2.71 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 1933.37 \(\pm\) 236.45 \({}^{\text{e}}\) \\ Flesh with 40\% ethanol & 131.91 \(\pm\) 15.97 \({}^{\text{c}d}\) & 102.72 \(\pm\) 7.04 \({}^{\text{d}d}\) & 166.48 \(\pm\) 0.26 \({}^{\text{e}}\) & 2971.89 \(\pm\) 105.16 \({}^{\text{d}}\) \\ Flesh with 20\% ethanol & 568.38 \(\pm\) 88.06 \({}^{\text{b}}\) & 143.51 \(\pm\) 8.56 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 117.73 \(\pm\) 0.60 \({}^{\text{g}}\) & 4235.20 \(\pm\) 215.25 \({}^{\text{e}}\) \\ Flesh with deionized water & 780.75 \(\pm\) 24.82 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 153.36 \(\pm\) 11.86 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 76.31 \(\pm\) 3.73 \({}^{\text{h}}\) & 3110.39 \(\pm\) 81.13 \({}^{\text{d}}\) \\ Inner tissue with absolute ethanol & 105.49 \(\pm\) 5.22 \({}^{\text{d}d}\) & 136.05 \(\pm\) 8.19 \({}^{\text{a}d}\) & 149.86 \(\pm\) 1.27 \({}^{\text{f}}\) & 1413.48 \(\pm\) 166.50 \({}^{\text{f}}\) \\ Inner tissue with 80\% ethanol & 144.50 \(\pm\) 6.83 \({}^{\text{c}d}\) & 109.57 \(\pm\) 3.89 \({}^{\text{a}d}\) & 244.39 \(\pm\) 12.81 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 5050.09 \(\pm\) 64.90 \({}^{\text{b}}\) \\ Inner tissue with 60\% ethanol & 107.45 \(\pm\) 5.13 \({}^{\text{d}d}\) & 109.88 \(\pm\) 39.97 \({}^{\text{a}d}\) & 196.91 \(\pm\) 5.49 \({}^{\text{c}}\) & 4106.96 \(\pm\) 41.61 \({}^{\text{c}}\) \\ Inner tissue with 40\% ethanol & 118.11 \(\pm\) 8.86 \({}^{\text{d}d}\) & 78.34 \(\pm\) 22.80 \({}^{\text{g}}\) & 181.73 \(\pm\) 5.43 \({}^{\text{d}}\) & 5078.06 \(\pm\) 56.86 \({}^{\text{b}}\) \\ Inner tissue with 20\% ethanol & 123.04 \(\pm\) 8.85 \({}^{\text{d}g}\) & 96.16 \(\pm\) 9.08 \({}^{\text{d}g}\) & 118.87 \(\pm\) 2.25 \({}^{\text{g}}\) & 4987.43 \(\pm\) 69.67 \({}^{\text{b}}\) \\ Inner tissue with deionized water & 61.45 \(\pm\) 8.22 \({}^{\text{e}}\) & 92.12 \(\pm\) 1.88 \({}^{\text{f}}\) & 77.88 \(\pm\) 3.15 \({}^{\text{h}}\) & 6201.75 \(\pm\) 157.04 \({}^{\text{a}}\) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\begin{tabular}{c} ABTS: 2,20-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothazoline-6-sulfonic acid); DPPH: 2.2-diphenyl1-1-picrylhydraz; GAE: Gallic acid equivalent; and TEAC: Trolox equivalent of antioxidant capacity. Data are expressed as mean \(\pm\) SD of the triplicate experiment. The superscript letter showed they are significantly different (\(p<\) 0.05).  
\end{table}
Table 3: The total phenolic content (TPC), ABTS, DPPH, and nitric oxide radical scavenging activities of _M. charantia_ extracts.  
extracted with 40% ethanol and the water extract of the inner tissue displayed a maximum of 0.469 \(\pm\) 0.001 and 0.461 \(\pm\) 0.003 mg FE/g extract of the 5 aR inhibition, respectively. At the same time, less inhibitory activity was observed in the flesh extracted with 20% ethanol (Table 4).