## 5 Conclusions and Future Perspectives
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{p{56.9 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt}} \hline \hline
**Extraction Method** & **Ranking** & **Efficiency** & **Extraction Conditions** & **Specific Results** \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**MAE/MAHD**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**1**} & Highly efficient in terms of time and energy & Reduced extraction time, energy savings, optimization via RSM & High yields of phenolics and flavonoids; strong antioxidant activity \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**UAE**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**2**} & Very effective for maximizing polyphenols, flavonoids, and essential oils & Customizable extraction parameters; rapid processing & Maximizes antioxidant and oil yields; requires careful condition control \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**SWE/SFE**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**3**} & Known for selectivity and environmental friendliness & Temperature and pressure manipulation; specialized equipment & High-quality extracts; effective yields of essential oils and polyphenols \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Soxhlet Extraction**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**4**} & Traditional but still effective for bioactive compounds & Lengthy processing time, lower efficiency compared to modern methods & Efficient for polyphenols and fatty acids; high antioxidant activity in methanolic extracts \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**HD**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**5**} & Reliable for extracting volatile compounds & Requires extended time and high energy input & Effective for isolating specific compounds like linalool \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Maceration**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**6**} & Simple and effective for extracting antioxidants and secondary metabolites & Longer extraction time; lower efficiency & Less effective than UAE and MAE; lower concentrations of bioactive compounds \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 5: Ranking of extraction methods according to their performance indicators and efficiency. Improving solvent reusability in extraction processes presents challenges such as contamination and degradation of solvents, as well as recovery difficulties. To overcome these obstacles, several solutions can be implemented: adopting advanced separation technologies like distillation; using greener solvents, such as supercritical CO2 or ionic liquids; and establishing rigorous purification protocols to eliminate contaminants. These practices promote more sustainable and efficient extraction while meeting the growing consumer demand for environmentally friendly methods. Conceptualization, K.M. ([PERSON]) and A.G.-A. ; methodology, K.M. ([PERSON]) and K.M. ([PERSON]); validation, K.M. ([PERSON]), F.B., L.B.-M.-K.M. ([PERSON]), A.G.-A. and I.M.-A. ; investigation, K.M. ([PERSON]); resources, [PERSON] ([PERSON]); data curation, [PERSON] ([PERSON]); writing--original draft preparation, [PERSON] ([PERSON]); writing--review and editing, F.B., L.B.-M., S.A., A.A., A.G.-A. and I.M.-A. ; visualization, [PERSON] ([PERSON]) and A.G.-A. ; supervision, [PERSON] ([PERSON]); project administration, [PERSON] ([PERSON]); funding acquisition, [PERSON] ([PERSON]). All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. This research received no external funding. Not applicable. We wish to acknowledge the General Direction of Research and Development Technologies (DGRSDT)/the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research (MESRS) of Algeria. The authors declare no conflicts of interest.