# Smartwatch-Based Monitoring and Alert System for Factory Operators Using Public Cloud Services
## 1 Introduction
This layered representation demonstrates that while automation operates at various levels, human oversight remains at the focal point of the process, guiding and refining decision-making within smart manufacturing. Industry 5.0 represents the next evolution of industrial transformation, emphasizing collaboration between humans and machines to create more sustainable, efficient, and personalized production systems [8]. Unlike Industry 4.0, which focused primarily on automation and data-driven decision-making, Industry 5.0 reintroduces human intelligence and creativity into the process, working alongside advanced artificial intelligence (AI), robotics, and the Internet of Things (IoT). This paradigm shift prioritizes not only productivity but also environmental sustainability, worker well-being, and resilience in supply chains. Communication between employees is essential to streamline the processes that take place in any industry. The ability to communicate in real time through various smart devices shortens the time a factory operator spends trying to understand what needs to be conducted, how to achieve their objectives, and how to contact a supervisor. In short, the large amount of information required to perform various activities must be processed quickly, transmitted to key personnel, and managed according to expectationsto ensure that both senders and receivers benefit from a communication channel that enhances productivity. To facilitate the relationship between employees, as mentioned earlier, the use of smart devices is imperative. Although smartphones may seem to be the most accessible and well-known option, in recent years there has been a growing trend of using wearable technologies in the workplace. According to [9], there are three categories of wearable smart devices: accessories, such as watches, bracelets, or glasses; e-textiles; and e-patches, which can be applied or tattooned on the skin. Furthermore, [10] identifies five primary functions that wearable devices can perform in the workplace. First, they can monitor an employee's physical condition or activities, sending this data to employers for processing and analysis. Second, wearables can provide assistance by helping correct posture or aiding in specific tasks. Third, augmented reality capabilities allow these devices to display information directly through interactive, immersive interfaces. Fourth, they can track the location of employees in real time, enhancing oversight and coordination. Lastly, wearables facilitate information delivery, enabling users to read, listen to, or view content while continuing with their tasks. Of all the wearable devices presented, smartwatches offer multiple benefits for factory digitization due to their ability to serve as tools for communication and notification between employees, as well as tools for monitoring their activity and location [11]. These devices facilitate smooth, continuous communication between employees without slowing down the workflow or requiring complicated interactions. Worn on the user's wrist, smartwatches can proactively alert users to various notifications or information through sound and vibration, allowing them to stay informed without having to interrupt their tasks. According to the conclusions in [12], while smartwatches offer more limited functionality due to their small size, this represents a significant advantage in an industrial environment. Unlike mobile phones, which cannot always be kept in easily accessible places, smartwatches are instantly available on the wrist. This immediate access allows employees to quickly view or send messages without diverting their attention from their tasks for too long. Thus, integrating smartwatches into a factory's digital ecosystem represents a way to optimize communication and operational efficiency without sacrificing employee safety or comfort.