## 4 Methodology  
The methodology section outlines the process of monitoring and analyzing construction projects utilizing aerial photographs, encompassing the acquisition of high-resolution images and video clips on a regular basis, typically weekly or monthly, to track project progress in accordance with predetermined plans. This study employs two case studies to exemplify the utilization of aerial imagery employing drones and specialized software for image processing to derive requisite information elucidating project advancement as per established plans. The first case study focuses on a project entailing the organization of containers based on available spatial allocations. Aerial photographs are employed for surveying available spaces prior to the commencement of implementation. Subsequently, plans and designs are formulated, followed by a virtual simulation replicating real-world conditions. Container distribution then transpires based on pre-established plans derived from preceding aerial photographs, with ongoing monitoring and tracking of implementation processes to ensure alignment with predefined objectives. In the second case study, aerial photography supplemented by specialized software facilitates the acquisition of readings and measurements, enabling the quantification of areas and volumes of structures and thoroughfares. Regular issuance of reports ensues [25]. Engineers and decision makers leverage drones to conduct site visits and analyze engineering operations before, during, and after execution, leveraging high-resolution images and \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt}} \hline \hline
**Synchronization Data between Real/Physical Entity** & **Data Processing** & **Controlling the Construction Project** \\ \hline Collection the raw data & Preparing the construction works & Demo to partners and stakeholders \\ \hline Monitoring the progress & Drawing 3D plans for the area and identifying the parameters & Decision making and developments \\ \hline Filtering unacceptable works & Creating coordinates and possible scenarios based on streets and local plans & Safety procedure and supervision based on the rules \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: The main components to monitor the smart construction by drones. videos [26]. Drones serve various purposes including planning, surveying, material flow tracking, periodic inspections, safety evaluations, and regulatory compliance [26]. Furthermore, imagery and videos procured via drones undergo analysis utilizing diverse engineering software to extract pertinent information for decision makers [26]. Construction progress is monitored throughout the project lifecycle by generating 3D models, termed as objects, which are juxtaposed with Building Information Modeling (BIM) models at different project stages to monitor material quantities and assess concrete quality, pouring, and installation accuracy of structural components [23]. This process constitutes a pivotal component in endeavors to implement digital twins within construction project management, integrating GPS technologies and drone utilization for authentic and efficacious project monitoring as it unfolds [27]. The study underscores the efficacy of achieving real-time synchronization for monitoring construction projects via the amalgamation of digital twins and GPS technology, facilitating precise and efficient goal attainment, thereby augmenting project management efficiency, as the following Figure 2 illustrates the process of monitoring and analyzing construction projects using aerial imagery. In modern construction operations, the integration of augmented reality technologies and data analysis plays a crucial role in improving project management and monitoring. By collecting data from drones and smart surveillance systems, aerial 3D images can be transformed into effective tools for scheduling activities, estimating costs, and tracking construction progress [28].