# Applied Engineering Using Schumann Resonance for Earthquakes Monitoring
## 1 Introduction  
The global belt of Earth's subduction zones is the region is where most of the most destructive earthquakes and tsunamis occur. The magnitude (M) of an earthquake is the most important factor that determines its violence and destructiveness, but that is not always the case; a relatively low magnitude earthquake may be devastating in a given zone, since construction criteria in the zone must be accounted for, among other factors. In addition, great tsunamis or large earthquakes (M > 8.0) are usually generated whenever extensive areas of the subduction megathrust face a rupture [1]. There are examples of earthquake-produced tsunamis in the 2004 Sumatra earthquake (M-9.0) [2], accounting for 220,000 casualties, or in 2006, with the tsunami that developed from the Java earthquake (M-7.8) [3]. The intensity and destruction capacity of earthquakes and tsunamis are estimated by considering the area of vertical uplift of the sea bed, and these magnitudes are related to the geometry of the slipping fault when the earthquake rupture is located near the sea floor [4]. Seismic events produce variations in the magnetic field as well; the study of electromagnetic phenomena precursory of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions has been a very active subject during the last years [5]. Examples of this being the observation of Ultra Low Frequency (ULF) anomalies (300 Hz-3000 Hz) prior to the development of the Loma Prieta earthquake in 1989 near San Francisco [6; 7]; later a geomagnetic field variation of 7.2 nT was detected approximately 7 min before the Tohoku earthquake occurred in 2011 and detected by the Iwaki observatory, at 210 km from the epicenter [8; 9; 10]. Another example is the possible detection of a series of pre-earthquakes magnetic anomalies that occurred on 25 April 2015, with epicentre in Nepal and a 7.8 magnitude. Detection was possible through the use of the Swarm magnetic satellites [11]. In addition, after the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear plant disaster and the Great East Japan Earthquake Tsunami, which occurred in 11 March 2011, the requirement of cover human-environment symbiotic points is very important [12]. Tsunamis also have a major impact on economic aspects. After a tsunami occurs the flooding of the surrounding lands by seawater is common, damaging those lands and destroying plot borders. This causes damage to property rights and to the land administration system in general [13]. Therefore, after a Tsunami, it is necessary to re-establish the property lines again, using Global Positioning System (GPS) normally, as was the case in Indonesia [14]. From a geodesic point of view, it is well known that the definitive displacement of the zones near the epicentre is the results of earthquakes [15], e.g., the postseismic deformation after 2008 Wencham earthquake in China [16], or postseismic changes in Thai geodetic network owing to the Sumatra-Andaman mega-thrust earthquake in 2004 [17] and the Nias earthquake in 2005 [18]. Mega-splay faults are caused when very extensive thrust faults rising from the plate frontier megathrust intersects the seafloor along the lower earring of the margin. It has been hypothesized that these mega-splay faults transfer displacement efficiently to the near surface, contributing to the genesis of seismic phenomena. Recently, these facts have been identified as first order characteristics in the Nankai Trough [19], and are usual in other subduction areas such as Alaska [20], Sunda [21], and Colombia [22]. To understand the development of tsunamis during the formation of large earthquakes, it is necessary to determine the exact location of the slip of the decomposition system, called splay-frontal [23]. Instrumental measurements of earthquake and tsunamis largely come from tide seismological and gauge observatories and lately, bottom pressure recorders located in the deep ocean. The first time that the satellites Jason-1 and Topex-Poseidon collected transects of sea-height data using radar altimeter was in the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami.