# Comparison of Fitness and Physical Activity Levels of Obese People with Hypertension
## 3 Results  
The mean age of the participants was 54.1 \(\pm\) 13.0 years. The minimum BMI value, both for men and for women, was 30 kg/m\({}^{2}\). The mean BMI value in women was 39.06 kg/m\({}^{2}\) and was higher than in men (37.54 kg/m\({}^{2}\)), whereas for the whole studied group it was 38.43 kg/m\({}^{2}\). In addition, the waist circumference values were similar: 150 cm in women and 157 cm in men. Taking into account the degree of obesity, the largest number of patients (39%) had third-degree obesity and the smallest number of patients in the studied group (28%) had second-degree obesity. First-degree obesity characterised 33% of the participants. There were 49 patients (57% women) with diagnosed insulin-dependent diabetes. Anthropometric data are presented in Table 1.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline  & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**Mean (SD)**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{\(p\)} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{\(p\)} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{\(p\)} \\ \cline{2-7}
**Parameter** & **Female** & **Male** & **Total** & **(F/M)** & **(Age \(<\) 60/\(>\)** & **\(p\)** \\  & \(n\) = 48 & \(n\) = 34 & \(n\) = 82 & & **59**) & **(DM)** \\ \hline BMI (kg/m\({}^{2}\)) & 39.06 (6.78) & 37.54 (6.73) & 38.43 (6.76) & 0.325 & 0.103 & 0.366 \\ \hline Waist circumference (cm) & 116.90 (15.62) & 121.79 (16.84) & 118.93 (16.22) & 0.190 & 0.559 & 0.049 \\ \hline Mean annual decrease/increase & & & & & & \\ in body weight (kg/year) & 0.01 (4.78) & 0.64 (3.13) & 0.27 (4.16) & 0.728 & 0.475 & 0.296 \\ \hline Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) & 143.30 (12.88) & 148.94 (17.74) & 145.63 (15.25) & 0.205 & 0.153 & 0.113 \\ \hline HR (L/min) & 76.65 (7.19) & 77.50 (6.78) & 77.00 (6.99) & 0.399 & 0.002 & 0.121 \\ \hline Total cholesterol (mmol/L) & 5.80 (2.34) & 5.33 (2.19) & 5.63 (2.28) & 0.318 & 0.151 & 0.347 \\ \hline HDL (mmol/L) & 1.27 (0.30) & 3.28 (10.12) & 2.01 (6.16) & 0.351 & 0.899 & 0.571 \\ \hline LDL (mmol/L) & 3.42 (1.14) & 3.22 (1.19) & 3.35 (1.15) & 0.540 & 0.102 & 0.162 \\ \hline Triglycerides (mmol/L) & 2.09 (0.99) & 1.91 (0.99) & 2.03 (0.98) & 0.339 & 0.757 & 0.880 \\ \hline Sodium (mmol/L) & 140.77 (2.57) & 141.26 (2.88) & 140.95 (2.68) & 0.723 & 0.004 & \(\leq\)0.001 \\ \hline Glucose (mmol/L) & 6.98 (2.67) & 7.01 (2.21) & 6.99 (2.49) & 0.444 & 0.025 & 0.086 \\ \hline \end{tabular} Note: BMI, body mass index; HR, heart rate; HDL, high density lipoprotein; LDL, low density lipoprotein; SD, standard deviation. Statistical significance was set at \(p<0.05\).  
\end{table}
Table 1: Descriptive statistics of BMI, waist circumference, mean annual decrease/increase in body weight, blood pressure and HR values, and the results of laboratory blood tests and their differentiation by gender, age, and the presence of DM (with a Mann–Whitney U test).  
In the above parameters, sex did not differentiate the participants; however, age did in terms of resting HR and levels of glucose and sodium (lower parameters for younger participants, with the exception of the heart rate) and the presence of DM in terms of waist circumference and glucose level (all parameters were lower for participants without diagnosed DM).  
Additionally, the results of blood biochemical tests of 62 patients were analysed. The mean value of total cholesterol in the participants was 5.63 mmol/L (slightly higher in women than in men, 5.80 mmol/L and 5.33 mmol/L, respectively), and in almost half of the participants (45.1%) blood cholesterol levels exceeded the normal level. The levels of LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and glucose (3.34 mmol/L, 2.02 mmol/L, and 6.99 mmol/L, respectively) were also above normal in a large group of participants. Only the levels of sodium were normal with a minimum value of 135.00 mmol/L. Normal values were also noted for HDL cholesterol in the vast majority of participants, with the mean value of 2.01 mmol/L (see Figure 1).