## 2 Materials and Methods
### Study Methods and Statistical Analysis  
Water quality tests for this study were carried out in the RNP in the years 2021-2022. They included the determination of selected microbiological, organoleptic and physicochemical properties of rainwater, surface water and groundwater. The analysis covered (1) P1--the quality of rainwater collected from the roofs of two farm buildings located close to the RNP Directorate building in Zwierzynic, which was stored in a concrete tank with a capacity of 20 m\({}^{3}\) (Figure 4); (2) P2--the quality of rainwater harvested from two roofs of farm buildings located in the Animal Breeding Centre in Florianka (Figure 5); (3) P3--the quality of surface water sampled from the River Swierszcz in the so-called \"Malowany most\" profile (Figure 6); and (4) P4, P5, P6 and P7--the quality of groundwater sampled  
During the study period, the rainwater and surface water quality were tested in ten measurement series each. The quality of the groundwater (P4-P7) from deep wells was tested only once, in April 2021. In Poland, pursuant to [32], the chemical status of groundwater bodies is to be tested at least once during a 6-year cycle of updating the water management plan for catchment areas. Microbiological tests included the determination of the total microbial counts at 22 and 36 \({}^{\circ}\)C, as well as the counts of the following bacteria: coliforms, _Escherichia coli_, intestinal enterococci and _Pseudomonas aeruginosa_. Organoleptic tests were run to determine the presence of a foreign odour and the threshold odour number (TON). Physical and chemical tests included turbidity, colour, pH, electrical conductivity (specific conductance) at 25 \({}^{\circ}\)C, ammonium ion, nitrates, nitrates and total hardness (CaCO\({}_{3}\)), as well as the concentrations of manganese, iron and chlorides. The water quality tests were carried out in accordance with the Polish standards in the accredited Research Services Laboratory of the Lublin Cooperative of Dairy Services (Laboratorium Usbug Badawczych Lubelskiej Spoldzielni Usbug Mleczarskich) in Lublin. The list of standards and test procedures is given in Table 1.  
Basic descriptive statistics were calculated for the test results: minimum, maximum, mean, median, standard deviation, coefficient of variation and variation group. Variation \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Test Type** & **Parameter** & **Polish Standards Numbers** & **Unit** \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{Microbiological tests} & Total microbial count at 36 \({}^{\circ}\)C & PN-EN ISO 6222:2004 & cfu/mL \\  & Total microbial count at 22 \({}^{\circ}\)C & PN-EN ISO 6222:2004 & cfu/mL \\  & Coliforms & PN-EN ISO 9308-1:2014-12+A1:2017-04 & cfu/100 mL \\  & Escherichia coli & PN-EN ISO 9308-1:2014-12+A1:2017-04 & cfu/100 mL \\  & Facial enterococci & PN-EN 7899-2:2004 & cfu/100 mL \\  & _Pseudomonas aeruginosa_ & PN-EN ISO 16266:2009 & cfu/100 mL \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{Organoleptic tests} & Presence of a foreign odour & PN-EN 1622:2006 & - \\  & Threshold odour number (TON) & PN-EN 1622:2006 & - \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{Physicochemical tests} & Turbidity & PN-EN ISO 7027-1:2016-607 & NTU \\  & Colour & PN-EN ISO 7887-2012 & mg/L Pr \\  & pH & PN-EN ISO 10523-2012 & - \\  & Specific conductance at 25 \({}^{\circ}\)C & PN-EN 7888-1999 & \(\mu\)S/cm \\  & Ammonium ion & PN-ISO 7150-1:2002 & mg/L \\  & Nitrates & PN-EN-/C 405576.08 & mg/L \\  & Nitrates & PN-EN 2677-1999 & mg/L \\  & Manganese & PN-EN ISO 17294-2:2016-11 & mg/L \\  & Total ion & PN-EN ISO 17294-2:2016-11 & mg/L \\  & Chlorides & PN-ISO 9297:1994 & mg/L \\  & Total hardness & PN-ISO 6059:1999 & mg/L CaCO\({}_{3}\) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Standards and procedures used in the water quality tests. Figure 6: The River Swierszcz in the “Malowany most” profile: (**A**) riverbed, (**B**) view on the bridge and (**C**) sampling point (P3). groups were determined on the basis of [PERSON]'s classification of variation [33].