# Development and Validation of a Tool for VBOI (Virtual Body Ownership Illusion) Level Assessment
### Literature Review
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**References** & **Sub-Scales** & **Objectives** & **Procedure/Results** \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{[15]} & \multirow{4}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} VRBody/MyBody, Mirror, \\ Features, TwoBodies \\ \end{tabular} } & \begin{tabular}{c} Generating a questionnaire \\ to verify whether inducing \\ BOI through a represented \\ altered body in a VR \\ environment is possible. \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} Evaluating the level of BOI through subscales by using \\ representations of a child’s body and a scaled-down \\ adult’s body. \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{[16]} & \multirow{4}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} Acceptance, Control, \\ Change \\ \end{tabular} } & \multirow{4}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} Developing a standardized \\ measurement tool for Virtual \\ Body Ownership Illusion. \\ \end{tabular} } & \begin{tabular}{c} - Verifying Virtual BOI through scenarios where \\ different forms of bodies (Woodie, Robot, Human, \\ Custom) are observed via a mirror. \\ - Items with inadequate factor loadings and consistency \\ shared, and PCA (Principal Component \\ Analysis) was conducted to derive three subscales. \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{[17]} & \multirow{4}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} Ownership, Agency, \\ Change \\ \end{tabular} } & \multirow{4}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} Developing a standardized \\ measurement tool for Virtual \\ Embodiment. \\ \end{tabular} } & \begin{tabular}{c} - BoI was measured in three experiments: \\ synchronization based on participants’ actions and \\ movements, representation of avatars resembling the \\ user’s appearance, and detection of participants’ gaze \\ and facial expressions. \\ - CFA was conducted on the data obtained from the \\ experiments, revealing three subscales. \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{[18]} & \multirow{4}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} Ownership, Agency, Tactile \\ sensations, Location, \\ Appearance, Response \\ Ownership, Multi-sensory \\ \end{tabular} } & \begin{tabular}{c} Developing a standardized \\ measurement tool for Avatar \\ Embodiment. \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} Reviewed questionnaires from over 30 studies with \\ high relevance to Avatar Embodiment to derive six \\ subscales. \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{[19]} & \multirow{4}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} Appearance, Response, \\ Ownership, Multi-sensory \\ \end{tabular} } & \
\begin{tabular}{c} Developing a standardized \\ measurement tool for Avatar \\ Embodiment. \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} - Data were collected from over 400 questionnaires \\ across nine experiments. \\ - PCA was conducted, resulting in 16 questions and \\ four subscales. \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Sub-scales of Virtual BOI questionnaires. However, constructing questionnaires arbitrarily to assess the level of Virtual Body Ownership Illusion may lead to inconsistency and reduced reliability across experiments. Since many researchers often directly quote or modify the Rubber Hand Illusion (RHI) questionnaire, such an approach may not be effective in VR environments characterized by features such as Immersion, Presence, Visuo-motor, and Visuo-tactile. Furthermore, to statistically validate the evaluation tool, we aim to conduct assessments by designing variations in levels of various conditions that may influence the level of Virtual Body Ownership Illusion (BOI), such as haptic feedback (Haptic/Non-haptic), perspectives (1 PP/3 PP), and interaction method (Controller/Hand Tracking). We will measure participants' Virtual Body Ownership Illusion (BOI) using the evaluation tool and conduct factor analysis to assess the reliability of the evaluation tool. Furthermore, based on previous research on Virtual Body Ownership Illusion (BOI), we will formulate hypotheses regarding the outcomes that can be observed under different conditions. We aim to validate whether the experimental results obtained using the evaluation tool proposed in this study align with these hypotheses.