###### Abstract
In addition, these platforms feature interfaces, such as Gantt charts and spreadsheets, to assist facility management routines, including service management, quality control protocols, or room allocation. Due to their varying levels of complexity, using these platforms can be challenging, requiring consistent training and significant time investment. Furthermore, as will be discussed further, even though these platforms allow the integration of VIs, the connection between intuitive VT navigation and BIMs remains absent. To summarise this review, with a particular focus on CAFM practice, both literature and empirical knowledge demonstrate feasible and practical connections between IoT and BIMs [19; 20; 21; 22; 54; 55; 56; 57; 58; 59], as well as between IoT and VTs [60]. In contrast, a research gap concerning the link between VIs and BIMs is evident [61; 62]. These technologies can be integrated into the specialised platforms mentioned above to better assist facility management in daily tasks, such as room allocation, equipment management, maintenance scheduling, or security control. In the case of CMMS, such platforms can also integrate remote monitoring and control via IoT, including the synchronisation of BIMs and real-time monitoring data (Digital Twins) [35; 39; 54]. For this reason, asset owners need both detailed and not detailed BIMs. Figure 1 illustrates the benefits of BIMs (green shade) versus VT (blue shade) in relation to their usage across different building construction phases. While detailed BIMs may be almost useless for routine operational tasks, they are crucial for subsequent phases such as renovation and demolition. Hence, owners require AEC professionals to deliver BIMs with lower LOG, and often higher LOI, [63] compared to the BIMs used for construction. The need to reduce BIMs level of detail for FM purposes is translated into complex Moreover, even though detailed BIMs represent reality digitally, they still miss out on some important documentation layers, like visual information from photos, webcams, or videos. In addition, certain IoT systems for remote control and monitoring could be easier for non-trained users if they interact with photorealistic environments (VTs) rather than abstract digital models (BIMs) [26]. Upon these arguments, this article explores the potential of VTs as a complement to BIMs in IoT-based CAFM, trying to answer its main question: how can VTs complement and connect to BIMs within a life-cycle perspective? The purpose of our work is to explore the potential of VTs for practical applications in CAFM. We propose a technical solution using VT as an intuitive access point for FM users to BIMs and IoT data. This solution aims to enhance monitoring and asset management tasks, including (a) sensor data monitoring, providing an interface for rapid data visualisation and direct access to data sources; (b) remote control of connected equipment, allowing FM users to operate certain IoT objects directly from the VT interface; and (c) centralised access to asset-space information, integrating BIMs stored in CDEs and FM platforms with the dynamic information contained in georeferenced 360\({}^{\circ}\) images.