## 3 Materials and Methods
### Storyliving Scenario Construction Methodology
#### 3.1.1 Collection of Preliminary Data Using Evaluation Criteria  
To investigate the sense-of-place characteristics of 79 locations along Hanyangdoseong, we used six evaluation criteria, categorized into three types that reflect different dimensions of spatial perception: spatial (historical value [43; 44] and accessibility [43; 45]), experiential (convenience [45; 46] and diversity [45; 47; 48]), and geographic (natural harmony [44; 45; 48] and population density [46; 47]) (Table 2). \"Historical value\" relates to the preservation state of the space, and \"accessibility\" relates to the ease of access. \"Convenience\" reflects the availability and quality of amenities, whereas \"diversity\" is a measure of the variety of activities offered. \"Natural harmony\" reports the degree to which the space blends with the natural environment, and \"population density\" gives the number of visitors during specified periods. The selection of locations was based on the Hanyangdoseong map provided on the Seoul City website, with 66 locations surveyed at approximately 280 m intervals along the \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l l l l l} \hline \hline \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Characteristic**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Very Low Score (1)**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Low Score (2)**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Medium Score (3)**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**High Score (4)**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Very High Score (5)**} \\ \hline Historical value & No fortress & Fortress damaged & Fortress and commerce & Fortress well-preserved & Fortress fully preserved \\ \hline Accessibility & Very hard to access & Accessible by road & Car access & Bus access & Bus and subway access \\ \hline Convenience & No facilities & Some rest areas & Basic sanitation facilities & Fully equipped facilities & Well-equipped with additional facilities \\ \hline Diversity & Limited activities & Basic sightseeing & Guided sightseeing & Cultural events & Various experiential \\ \hline Natural harmony & No natural elements & Minimal natural elements & Nature and fortress in harmony & Nature in an important role & Full harmony of nature and fortress \\ \hline Population density & Very few visitors & Some visitors & Moderate number of visitors & Some areas crowded & Overcrowded \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Criteria for zoning of Hanyangdoseong. Figure 3: Storyliving scenario design process. 18.6 km wall length [49]. These 66 locations were selected using systematic sampling [50] to ensure uniform representation. The use of a sufficiently large sample size can minimize data variability, enhancing statistical reliability, and data can also be collected in a manageable range [51; 52]. Thirteen further locations on the inner and outer sections of the city wall were also included, resulting in 79 locations evaluated for the six characteristics. The characteristics of each location were evaluated using a five-point Likert scale. The evaluation was conducted by three researchers who majored in architecture and are currently engaged in research on cultural heritage and VR. Each researcher performed evaluations three times: once through on-site visits, once using 360 photo-based assessments, and finally, through collaborative discussions. This approach allowed for the cross-verification of data and ensured a comprehensive coverage of each location's characteristics. To derive a unified dataset, the researchers discussed and refined their individual assessments. This iterative evaluation ensured both data consistency and reliability. To quantitatively assess the degree of agreement between the researchers' evaluations, an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) analysis was conducted for each location, confirming the reliability of the collected data. ICC is a statistical measure used to evaluate the consistency or reproducibility of quantitative measurements by different raters. Higher ICC values indicate strong agreement among the raters, suggesting that the evaluations were consistently aligned [53].