## 3 Results  
### Characteristics of the Synthesized Nanomaterials  
The morphologies of nano TbPO\({}_{4}\cdot\)H\({}_{2}\)O and **TMC** are presented in Figure 1. From the FESEM images, TbPO\({}_{4}\cdot\)H\({}_{2}\)O formed nanorods with diameter 30-40 nm and length 300-800 nm. After coatingwith silica, surfacing with -NH\({}_{2}\), and conjugating with mAb, the diameter of the complex slightly increased to 40-80 nm, but the length remained at 300-800 nm.  
The designed TbPO\({}_{4}\)-H\({}_{2}\)O nanorods were also typical hexagonal crystals, as proven by the X-ray diagram (Figure 2).  
To be suitable for biological labeling, created nanomaterials must be strongly luminescent after design. Therefore, the fluorescence of the obtained nano TbPO\({}_{4}\)-H\({}_{2}\)O and **TMC** was measured. The results in Figure 3 show that strong fluorescence levels of TbPO\(4\)-H\({}_{2}\)O and **TMC** were excited at 355 nm and emitted at 545 nm. They also exhibit that the main emission peaks of the TbPO\(4\)-H\({}_{2}\)O product were at 488, 545, 586, and 620 nm, which correspond to the \({}^{5}\)D\({}_{4}\)-\({}^{7}\)F\({}_{3}\) (J = 6, 5, 4, 3) transitions of Tb\({}^{3+}\) ions. These results are consistent with the data reported by [PERSON] et al. [10].  
The FTIR spectra of TbPO\({}_{4}\)-H\({}_{2}\)O, TbPO\({}_{4}\)-H\({}_{2}\)O@silica-NH\({}_{2}\), TbPO\({}_{4}\)-H\({}_{2}\)O@silica-NH\({}_{2}\)-mAb are shown in Figure 4. Curve (a) is the FTIR spectrum of TbPO\({}_{4}\)-H\({}_{2}\)O. Curves (b) and (c) (corresponding to the products TbPO\({}_{4}\)-H\({}_{2}\)O@silica-NH\({}_{2}\) and TbPO\({}_{4}\)-H\({}_{2}\)O@silica-NH\({}_{2}\)-mAb, respectively) have the same profile as curve (a), which indicates strong absorption in the region 770-600 cm\({}^{-1}\). The two peaks at 660 and 600 cm\({}^{-1}\) are typically attributed to the Tb-O and PO\({}_{4}\)- vibrations, respectively. In Figure 4, curve (a), we can also observe oscillations of the O-H bond at around 1600 cm\({}^{-1}\) and near 3600 cm\({}^{-1}\). In curves (b) and (c), the unique absorption peaks from internal vibration of the amino bands (1642 cm\({}^{-1}\)) and the strong absorption band (3443 cm\({}^{-1}\)) from symmetric and asymmetric N-H stretching vibration can be observed, which demonstrate the appearance of APTMS and mAb on the obtained TbPO\({}_{4}\)-H\({}_{2}\)O@silica-NH\({}_{2}\) and TbPO\({}_{4}\)-H\({}_{2}\)O@silica-NH\({}_{2}\)-mAb. The strong absorption band in the region 1000-950 cm\({}^{-1}\) (two peaks at 1008 and 950 cm\({}^{-1}\)) arises from Si-O-Si asymmetric vibration. Thus, it can be suggested that conjugation (linkage) between luminescent nanorods and mAb was formed in the TbPO\({}_{4}\)-H\({}_{2}\)O@silica-NH\({}_{2}\)-mAb nanocomplex.  
Figure 1: FESEM images of the produced nanomaterials: (**a**) TbPO\({}_{4}\)-H\({}_{2}\)O nanorods, (**b**) TbPO\({}_{4}\)-H\({}_{2}\)O@silica-NH\({}_{2}\); (**c**) TbPO\({}_{4}\)-H\({}_{2}\)O@silica-NH\({}_{2}\)-mAb’CD133-mAb’PD-L1 nanocomplex (**TMC**).  
Figure 2: The X-ray diagram of Terbium phosphate monohydrate hexagonal crystals determined using an X-ray diffraction measuring system (Siemens D5000 with \(\lambda\) = 1.5406 Å, diffraction angle in the range of 15\({}^{\circ}\leq 2\theta\leq 75^{\circ}\)).  
Figure 4: The FTIR spectra of TbPO\({}_{4}\)-H\({}_{2}\)O (**a**), TbPO\({}_{4}\)-H\({}_{2}\)O@silica-NH\({}_{2}\) (**b**), and TbPO\({}_{4}\)-H\({}_{2}\)O@silica-NH\({}_{2}\)-mAb (**c**) obtained using a NICOLET impact 410 Fourier transform infrared spectrometer.  
Figure 3: Fluorescence spectra of excitation at 355 nm of TbPO\({}_{4}\)-H\({}_{2}\)O incubated at 200 \({}^{\circ}\)C for 24 h (1) and TbPO\({}_{4}\)-H\({}_{2}\)O@silica-NH\({}_{2}\) coated with a silica layer attached to NH\({}_{2}\) groups (2).