## 2 Literature Review
### Building Information Modelling (BIM) in Cultural Heritage  
HBIM, abbreviated from 'heritage building information modelling', is an advanced process that entails constructing a digital portrayal of a heritage building or structure through the utilization of building information modelling (BIM) technology and tools. This digital model contains comprehensive information about the building's architecture, construction, materials, and historical significance. Additionally, it includes data about the current condition of the structure and its maintenance requirements. The application of heritage BIM extends to supporting preservation, restoration efforts, and ongoing management of these valuable heritage buildings [25]. Heritage BIM relies on an interactive engineering 3D model, typically based on a combination of terrestrial laser scanning data (TLS), architectural photogrammetry, and cultural heritage data [26]. Through this approach, heritage BIM can automatically generate technical drawings and orthographic views, sections, and 3D models of the heritage buildings. In the context of the heritage conservation and preservation sectors, heritage BIM proves to be immensely beneficial. Firstly, it enhances the understanding of heritage site and their historical context. This technology enables researchers and experts to gain insights into the building's materials, construction techniques, structural aspects, and even any existing pathologies [14]. Heritage BIM facilitates a thorough analysis of proposed renovations and changes before final decisions are made as well as ensuring that any interventions are carefully planned to preserve the building's authenticity and historical significance. It also assists with ongoing maintenance, as it provides valuable information for budgeting repairs and maintenance activities. Additionally, by using free viewer applications, heritage BIM allows for a broader public engagement, as models can be accessed and explored remotely from various locations [25]. Introducing cultural heritage information about the Petra heritage site further enriches the heritage BIM process [25; 26]. This enables the development of detailed insights into the building's construction methods and material compositions. By employing various program platform management techniques, prototypes of libraries with parametric objects can be seamlessly integrated into the photogrammetry and point cloud data, enhancing the overall heritage BIM process [14]. Heritage building information modelling (HBIM) represents a cutting-edge approach to preserving and managing heritage buildings. By combining advanced technologies and cultural heritage data, HBIM not only helps to safeguard these architectural treasures but also facilitates informed decision-making, efficient maintenance, and wider public engagement with our rich heritage. Indeed, BIM plays a key role as a BIM as a game-changer in heritage preservation. For example, BIM offers several advantages that make it a powerful tool for heritage preservation [27; 28; 29; 30], which can be described as 'comprehensive documentation'. BIM enables the creation of detailed and accurate digital representations of heritage structures, capturing not only their physical dimensions but also their historical context, materials, and construction techniques. This comprehensive documentation is essential for understanding, preserving, and managing cultural heritage sites. The use of BIM facilitates precise measurements, analysis, and simulations, allowing researchers to assess the structural integrity of heritage buildings, analyze deterioration, and develop informed conservation strategies. BIM models provide valuable insights into the condition of heritage structures, helping to prioritize conservation efforts and ensure their long-term preservation. Moreover, BIM fosters collaboration among multidisciplinary teams involved in heritage preservation, including architects, historians, archaeologists, conservators, and engineers.