###### Abstract
Moreover, ozone decomposes into oxygen, minimizing the risk of forming unwanted by-products [18]. In addition, ozonation has several key advantages when it comes to removing contaminants. First, ozonation does not lead to the formation of sludge, which is beneficial for the purification process. Ozonation systems are relatively simple and compact, requiring less space compared to other methods. Moreover, ozone is generated on-site, eliminating the need for storing other chemicals. Furthermore, ozonation can be effective even under changing conditions, such as irregular flow rates or variations in the composition of contaminants in water. Finally, ozone residues can be easily removed, as ozone naturally decomposes into oxygen, minimizing the risk of introducing undesirable substances into the environment [19]. The ozonation process can be enhanced by combining it with hydrogen peroxide and/or UV (O\({}_{3}\)/UV,O\({}_{3}\)/H\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{2}\), or O\({}_{3}\)/H\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{2}\)/UV processes). Additionally, it is important to develop new environmentally friendly technologies. Innovative composites are being used for the removal of contaminants [20], and new catalysts are being developed in the Fenton process [21]. [PERSON] et al. (2024) [22] tested the application of the newly obtained hybrid material in environmental remediation, particularly targeting the removal of contaminants such as organic dyes from wastewater, by replacing conventional carbohydrates with raw honey. The material effectively removed methylene blue, fluorescein, and doxorubicin from water in the presence of oxidants such as hydrogen peroxide and sodium hypochlorite. After 24 h, the removal efficiency reached 92% for doxorubicin, 73% for methylene blue, and 23% for fluorescein. Moreover, hydrochar showed good regeneration ability, maintaining the dye removal efficiency for several cycles. [PERSON] et al. (2021) [23] used gold nanoparticles that were deposited on titanium dioxide nanoparticles, and the resulting material was used for dye removal. Methylene blue was found to degrade in the presence of this material when hydrogen peroxide was used as the oxidant. Tests were performed after 2, 4, 6, and 24 h, with hydrogen peroxide contents ranging from 1 to 5 mg/mL. Longer exposure time and higher oxidant content led to up to 90% degradation of the methylene blue dye. In turn, [PERSON] et al. (2023) [24] removed Allura Red AC dye from wastewater using AOPs. The process was carried out using UV treatment, examining the effect of various parameters on degradation, such as pH, dye concentration, temperature, exposure time to radiation, and TiO\({}_{2}\) concentration. The degradation efficiency was as follows: UV/H\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{2}\)/TiO\({}_{2}\)\(>\) UV/H\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{2}\)\(>\) UV alone. Moreover, it was found that the UV/H\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{2}\)/TiO\({}_{2}\) process can be used on an industrial scale to remove toxic pollutants from industrial wastewater. In the study conducted by [PERSON] et al. (2025) [25], the effective purification of Allura Red dye was demonstrated using H\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{2}\), Fenton, hydrodynamic cavitation (HC), and the hybrid methods HC/H\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{2}\) and HC/Fenton. Maximum degradation was achieved using H\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{2}\) and Fenton, 68.90% and 85.90%, respectively, under the specified conditions. The combination of HC with H\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{2}\) and Fenton showed synergistic effects, with HC/Fenton and HC/H\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{2}\) achieving the highest level of degradation of 97.60% and 88.48%, respectively, within 120 min. In the study conducted by [PERSON] et al. (2021) [26], a positive effect of ultrasound on the electrochemical degradation of food dyes Allura Red AC (AR) and Erythrosine B (EB) was demonstrated using a Ti/PbO\({}_{2}\) anode. The results show that the sonoelectrochemical process provides better results compared to the electrochemical process alone. Complete removal of AR and EB was achieved at a current intensity of 0.75 A and a stirring speed of 800 rpm after 60 and 90 min, respectively.