_applied sciences_  
_Article_  
**Analysis of the Effect of the Tool Shape on the Performance of Pre-Cutting Machines during Tunneling Using Linear Cutting Tests**  
[PERSON] \({}^{1}\)\({}^{\copyright}\), [PERSON] \({}^{1}\), [PERSON] \({}^{2}\), [PERSON] \({}^{3}\) and [PERSON] \({}^{1,*}\)  
\({}^{1}\) Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan 15588, Korea; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (H.-e.K.); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (K-m.N.)  
\({}^{2}\) Department of Infra Division Sinansan Line Section 2, Posco E&C, 38 Namwang-gil, Sibeung 14985, Korea; [EMAIL_ADDRESS]  
\({}^{3}\) Department of Mining Engineering, Baluchistan University of Information Technology Engineering and Management Sciences (BUITEMS), Quetta 87300, Pakistan; [EMAIL_ADDRESS]  
\({}^{*}\) Correspondence: [EMAIL_ADDRESS]; Tel.: +82-31-400-5147; Fax: +82-31-409-4104  
**Citation: [PERSON]-e.; [PERSON]-m.; [PERSON]-s.; [PERSON]; [PERSON] [PERSON]-k. Analysis of the Effect of the Tool Shape on the Performance of Pre-Cutting Machines during Tunneling Using Linear Cutting Tests.**  
\({}^{1}\) Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan 15588, Korea; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (H.-e.K.); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (K-m.N.)  
\({}^{2}\) Department of Infra Division Sinansan Line Section 2, Posco E&C, 38 Namwang-gil, Sibeung 14985, Korea; [EMAIL_ADDRESS]  
\({}^{3}\) Department of Mining Engineering, Baluchistan University of Information Technology Engineering and Management Sciences (BUITEMS), Quetta 87300, Pakistan; [EMAIL_ADDRESS]  
\({}^{*}\) Correspondence: [EMAIL_ADDRESS]; Tel.: +82-31-400-5147; Fax: +82-31-409-4104  
**Abstract: Owing to several advantages, mechanical pre-cutting techniques were first introduced in the United States and subsequently used in Europe for tunneling. Pre-cutting machines perform mechanical excavation tunneling using cutting tools such as tunnel boring machines (TBMs) and roadheaders. Linear cutting tests are reliable and widely used to predict the performance of TBMs and roadheaders. In this study, the effect of the cutting tool shape of a pre-cutting machine was analyzed using linear cutting tests. Assuming the basic shape of the tool, the clearance and rake angles of the tool were designated as variables that determine the shape. The experimental results for samples with different mechanical properties were analyzed considering the cutting force, cutting volume, and specific energy, which were inversely related to the clearance angle. Initially, the force decreased significantly as the clearance angle increased from 0\({}^{\circ}\) to 5\({}^{\circ}\), and then converged at angles of 10\({}^{\circ}\) and higher. However, the cutting volume decreased linearly with angles. The specific energy behaved similarly to the force. Compared with the clearance angle, the rake angle slightly affected the cutting force, volume, and specific energy. When the rake angle increased from 0\({}^{\circ}\) to 5\({}^{\circ}\), the cutting force and volume decreased slightly; however, both increased after 5\({}^{\circ}\). The specific energy exhibited a similar trend.**  
**Keywords: pre-cutting machine; cutting tool; cutting force; cutting volume; specific energy; linear cutting test**