## 5 Conclusions  
The outcomes drawn from the current investigation add up to significant remarks in the field of pharmacognosy, medicine, and traditional systems. This study provides a thorough phytochemical integral evaluation of _C. simplicifolia_ leaves, which were assessed using different analyses and techniques. The results exhibited the occurrence of carbohydrates, proteins, amino acids, glycosides, cardiac glycosides, phenolics, flavonoids, saponins, terpenoids, anthraquinones glycosides, betacyanins, and quinones in different extracts of _C. simplicifolia_ leaves. Furthermore, significant functional groups such as O-H, N-H, C=C-, S=O, C-O, C-N, C-Cl, and C-Br were identified using FTIR, and imperative minerals like oxygen carbon, calcium, magnesium, potassium, sulfur, chlorine, phosphorus, silicon, and aluminum were identified using the EDX technique. In addition to this, the active pharmacological potent phyto-compounds were estimated with GCMS analysis. Which showed the presence of n-Heptyl acrylate, undecane, 2-Propenoic acid, 3-(3,4-dimethoxyyl)-, (E)-, Neophytadiene, _n_-Hexadecanoic acid, Glafenin, Decane, Phytol, Benzene, (1-methyldodecyl)-, and 4-Cyclohexyl-1-butanol. Despite the chemical evaluation, _C. simplicifolia_ was also assessed for biological activities, namely, in vitro antioxidant activity, in vivo acute toxicity, and paracetamol-induced hepatoprotective properties. The in vitro antioxidant activity against DPPH radical ameliorated the cogent effect by methanolic leaf extract. After that, the methanolic leaf extract was found to be safe and exert no toxic signs at the mentioned dose, and investigations drew the patent hepatocyte activity against the paracetamol. The abbreviated in vitro antioxidant and in vivo hepatotoxicityore properties would result from existing compounds including undecane, Neophytadiene, _n_-Hexadecanoic acid, and phytol. The conclusion of the current study is that the leaves of _C. simplicifolia_ are the key source for the extraction of pharmacologically active compounds like undecane, Neophytadiene, \(n\)-Hexadecanoic acid, and phytol exerting medicinal properties like antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity against paracetamol damage. Importantly, paracetamol is a widely suggested drug for the relief of pain and fever, and thus, the presented work would help cure liver injury as the extract was shown to balance hepatic redox and stabilize the liver architecture in the treated rats. Due to the detection of vast major chemical compositions, the plant could also be considered for use in industries like plastics and super absorbers (making diapers) as well as in adhesives and coatings and as a flavoring agent. Future research work should attempt to isolate and screen the specific compounds for the mentioned applications in support of the present research work. Conceptualization, H.Y.S. and S.N.A. ; methodology, H.Y.S., M.S.C., M.R. and D.S.B. ; validation, S.N.A., M.R., M.S.C. and D.S.B. ; formal analysis, H.Y.S., S.K.N., A.B. and R.A.A. ; investigation, H.Y.S. ; resources, S.N.A. and A.B. ; data curation, M.R., M.S.C. and D.S.B. ; writing--original draft preparation, H.Y.S. and S.N.A. ; writing--review and editing, S.K.N., A.B., R.A.A., M.S.C., M.R. and D.S.B. ; visualization, M.R., M.S.C., D.S.B. and S.N.A. ; supervision, S.N.A. ; project administration, H.Y.S., S.N.A. and S.K.N. ; funding acquisition, A.B. and R.A.A. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. This research is funded by Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Researchers Supporting Project number (PNURSP2023R148), Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Ethical approval was acquired from the Institutional Animal Ethics Committee (IAEC) of Hangal Shri Kumareshwar College of Pharmacy, Bagalkot-587101, Karnataka, India, with reference number HSKCP/IAEC, Clear/1/2022-23/R&D/KUD 02. Not applicable. The data are available upon request. The authors gratefully acknowledge the P.G.