# Buckling Analysis of CNTRC Curved Sandwich Nanobeams in Thermal Environment
## 5 Results and Discussion
### Parametric Study
As also expected, the highest stability is reached by CC sandwich beams, independently of the thermal environment. The further effect of nonlocal \(\mu\) and length scale \(\lambda\) parameters on the critical buckling load is also plotted in Figures 7 and 8, respectively. One can easily note that the buckling load increases by decreasing the nonlocal parameter and by increasing the length scale parameter, in line with the information in Table 7. Unlike the length scale  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{\(\mathbf{K}_{w}\)} & \multirow{2}{*}{\(\mathbf{K}_{g}\)} & \multirow{2}{*}{\(\mathbf{K}_{nl}\)} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**SS**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**CC**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**CS**} \\ \cline{3-13}  & & & **UD** & **FG-X** & **FG-O** & **UD** & **FG-X** & **FG-O** & **UD** & **FG-X** & **FG-O** \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{0} & \multirow{4}{*}{0} & 0 & 59.3208 & 59.9622 & 58.6879 & 406.4881 & 408.7038 & 404.3375 & 229.0790 & 230.5969 & 227.5994 \\  & & 0.05 & 60.7067 & 61.3482 & 60.0738 & 410.5303 & 412.7460 & 408.3797 & 230.5082 & 232.0261 & 229.0286 \\  & & 0.1 & 62.0926 & 62.7341 & 61.4597 & 414.5725 & 416.7882 & 412.4220 & 231.9374 & 233.4554 & 230.4578 \\ \cline{2-13}  & & 0 & 77.5586 & 78.2001 & 76.9257 & 424.7259 & 426.9416 & 422.5753 & 247.3168 & 248.8347 & 245.8372 \\  & & 0.05 & 0.05 & 78.9446 & 79.5860 & 78.3117 & 428.7681 & 430.9838 & 426.6175 & 248.7460 & 250.2640 & 247.2664 \\  & & 0.1 & 80.3305 & 80.9719 & 79.6976 & 432.8103 & 435.0261 & 430.6598 & 250.1752 & 251.6932 & 248.6957 \\ \cline{2-13}  & & 0 & 95.7965 & 96.4379 & 95.1636 & 442.9637 & 445.1794 & 440.8131 & 265.5546 & 267.0725 & 264.0750 \\  & & 0.05 & 97.1824 & 97.8238 & 96.5495 & 447.0059 & 449.2216 & 444.8554 & 266.9838 & 268.5018 & 265.5042 \\  & & 0.1 & 98.5683 & 99.2097 & 97.9354 & 451.0482 & 453.2639 & 448.8976 & 268.4130 & 269.9310 & 266.9335 \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{0.05} & \multirow{4}{*}{0} & 0 & 61.1687 & 61.8101 & 60.5358 & 407.8740 & 410.0897 & 405.7234 & 230.2339 & 231.7518 & 228.7543 \\  & & 0.05 & 62.5546 & 63.1960 & 61.9217 & 411.9162 & 414.1319 & 409.7656 & 231.6631 & 233.1811 & 230.1835 \\  & & 0.1 & 63.9405 & 64.5819 & 63.3076 & 415.9584 & 418.1742 & 413.8079 & 233.0923 & 234.6103 & 231.6128 \\ \cline{2-13}  & & 0 & 79.4065 & 80.0479 & 78.7736 & 426.1118 & 428.3275 & 423.9612 & 248.4717 & 249.9897 & 246.9921 \\  & & 0.05 & 80.7924 & 81.4338 & 80.1595 & 430.1540 & 432.3697 & 428.0034 & 249.9009 & 251.4189 & 248.4214 \\  & & 0.1 & 82.1783 & 82.8197 & 81.5454 & 434.1962 & 436.4120 & 432.0457 & 251.3301 & 252.8481 & 249.8506 \\ \cline{2-13}  & & 0 & 97.6443 & 98.2857 & 97.0114 & 444.3496 & 446.5653 & 442.1990 & 266.7095 & 268.2275 & 265.2300 \\  & & 0.1 & 0.05 & 99.0302 & 99.6717 & 98.3973 & 448.3918 & 450.6076 & 446.2413 & 268.1387 & 269.6567 & 266.6592 \\  & & 0.1 & 100.4162 & 101.0576 & 99.7833 & 452.4341 & 454.6498 & 450.2835 & 269.5680 & 271.0859 & 268.0884 \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{0.1} & \multirow{4}{*}{0} & 0 & 63.0166 & 63.6580 & 62.3837 & 409.2599 & 411.4756 & 407.1093 & 231.3888 & 232.9068 & 229.9092 \\  & & 0.05 & 64.4025 & 65.0439 & 63.7696 & 413.3021 & 415.5178 & 411.1515 & 232.8180 & 234.3360 & 231.3385 \\  & & 0.1 & 65.7884 & 66.4298 & 65.1555 & 417.3443 & 419.5601 & 415.1938 & 234.2473 & 235.7652 & 232.7677 \\ \cline{2-13}  & & 0 & 81.2544 & 81.8958 & 80.6215 & 427.4977 & 429.7134 & 425.3471 & 249.6266 & 251.1446 & 248.1471 \\ \cline{2-13}  & & 0.05 & 82.6403 & 83.2817 & 82.0074 & 431.5399 & 433.7556 & 429.3894 & 251.0559 & 252.5738 & 249.5763 \\  & & 0.1 & 84.0262 & 84.6676 & 83.3933 & 435.5822 & 437.979 & 433.4316 & 252.4851 & 254.0030 & 251.0055 \\ \cline{2-13}  & & 0 & 99.4922 & 100.1336 & 98.8593 & 445.7355 & 447.9512 & 443.5849 & 267.8645 & 269.3824 & 266.3849 \\ \cline{2-13}  & & 0.05 & 100.8781 & 101.5195 & 100.2452 & 44 parameter \(\lambda\), an increased nonlocal parameter \(\mu\) leads to a stiffness reduction of CNTRC laminated nanobeams.