# Transformation towards a Smart Maintenance Factory: The Case of a Vessel Maintenance Depot
## 3 Materials and Methods
Automation describes smart technologies and equipment needed for smart transformation. In the IT system, the requirements and functions of the operation support system that support the job are described. Data describes the required data set and format. Support infrastructure requirements such as warehouse and power system are described as infrastructure, and requirements for sensors and communication networks are described in network. Strategies are described in connection with improvement effects in each job and KPIs. In addition, deletion, and integration of jobs in the process are also described. Figure 4: Smart process transformation framework. Figure 5: Template for analysis of on-site requirements. Workers on the site are sensitive to organizational changes and may consider the transformation towards a smart maintenance factory a negative effect on job stability [30]. It is a reaction that can be easily felt in the field. Thus, it is recommended not to ask workers on the site for opinions on changes in organization and manpower. Building Smart Maintenance Model  
The model of a smart maintenance factory is according to the requirements on changes to be made in strategic direction and operational values. Studies have introduced different models such as a human-centered model [39], IoT-based model [40], and cloud computing [35; 41] for a smart factory. Principles were suggested, such as modularity, interoperability, decentralization, virtualization, service orientation, real-time capability, connectivity, optimization, transparency, proactivity, and agility for smart factory construction [7; 36]. The smart maintenance factory model consists of missions, a target model, operational values, and the technology enabling the technologies of the fourth industry revolution for process transformation. The target model of a smart maintenance factory can be defined in various shapes by integrating the as-is state and strategic direction. When defining the smart maintenance model, it is important to consider how to respond to variability, which is a characteristic of maintenance work. Agile response, predictive, and readiness should be defined as core operating values in order to respond to changes in the work plan, process, time, and workplace of repair and maintenance work. As an enabling technology for realizing operational values, it enables agile response to changes on site through central control and mobile network. For predictive maintenance, operational data of the vessel are collected and analyzed by a big data system. In addition, inventory and work readiness are promoted through on-site operational support IT systems and smart warehouses. These operating values and required enablers can be derived through on-site interviews. Define Tasks to Transform  
Tasks define the activities required for smart factories to achieve high performance, from policy, process improvement, data improvement, system construction, infrastructure improvement, and organizational change. Defining tasks is necessary in connection with the workload, schedule, budget, and expected effects to be pursued in the future, so an organizational consensus process is required through several meetings. After defining the task, the selection of new technologies and targeting levels to implement the task should be followed. Identify Smart Maintenance Elements  
It is a step to define specific technological enablers to implement smart transformation with the selected tasks. Enablers consist of changes in maintenance policies, work standards, and the selection of appropriate technologies. The technology enablers consist of ICT systems for managing the working process and necessary 5M + 1E, automation, data collection, data system for management and analysis, a network that connects data to the entire maintenance factory, a central control system that manages it in real time, and a smart factory infrastructure. Selecting the right technologies is one of the main tasks for the smart maintenance element.