## 2 Related Works
They also examined the impact of underground conditions on wireless communications, route possibility, power production, and data aggregation functions in terms of prompting questions about security and availability. The research of an intelligent Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) for backflow prevention and scale estimating in piping systems was proposed by [PERSON] et al. [15]. In their work, autonomous functions such as slow or small leakages in gas and oil pipelines using wireless connectivity and DL are achieved. A sequence of experiments for a site-implemented test platform was used to evaluate the efficiency and strengths in the detection of defects and size approximation in reservoirs. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [16] suggested an effective routing protocol using machine learning and Q-learning to analyze strategic planning in structured channels. The authors also extracted the upgrading function of the scheduling scheme by defining the individual hopping incentive metric of duration and energy. Furthermore, they developed a legislative factor to change the proportions between energy conservation and low delay, allowing them to satisfy a variety of needs. The experiments demonstrated that the proposed method provides a better communication range and lower transients. [PERSON] et al. [17] proposed the WUSNs architecture of agriculture by experimenting with a soil channel model to allow precise simulations in real-world deployments using Long Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN) technology. [PERSON] et al. [18] explored the connection strength properties of the triple messaging services accessible in WUSNs for groundwater pipeline monitoring. The three messaging services in WUSNs, such as received signal frequency, link quality measure, and queue length ratio, were measured. Their analysis indicated that the underground medium is strongly perpendicular and cognitively consistent. An experiment involving many machine learning-based electronic networks was developed and tested in an extracorporeal circuit by [PERSON] et al. [19]. The experiments were carried out in a controlled earthquake zone with variables such as vegetative cover and salt content. They presented the principles and instructions for designing the MI tunnel connectivity test platform, which is tremendously hard and sustained owing to the latest communication protocols and wireless transmissions. [PERSON] et al. [20] investigated system communication arrangements to determine the structures of multiple distant complex systems. For reference purposes, data from the various sensors are controlled by a centralized terminal through a cellular connection with fewer communication channels available. The sensors must be arranged properly for efficient estimation at the gateway. They also devised an integrated Markov chain method to deal with the task scheduling. A systematic analysis was presented by [PERSON] et al. [21] to capture the emergence of construction methods in sensor network applications. The benefits and drawbacks of various epochs in development were examined in their study to identify the potential research topics in the wireless sensor unifying framework. The wide range uses of wireless networks in a future era of information and network access, which have received much interest in recent decades, were explained. They also handled the issue of the efficient implementation of \"cluster heads\" to determine the output and longevity of any wireless sensor network. Scholars have reported a number of models for deploying SNs in massive open areas by [PERSON] et al. [22]. Their studies also looked at the connection error margin and the transmission range of accurate data signals for a network of underground sensors using a subterranean sensor. The various existing papers could provide solutions for monitoring dynamic underground environments but with a lack of accuracy in decision making in WUSNs. The inaccuracy has been because of conventional methods being used in the proposals in taking decisions under hostile situations.