esa-sceva/satcom-chunk-collection huggingface dataset:
## 2 Methods
### Outcome Variable: Blood Pressure  
We measured systolic and diastolic blood pressure using a calibrated Omron Premium Blood Pressure Monitor Device, Omron HEM-7322. We measured blood pressure twice from the right arm with the person sitting upright; the second measure was taken after 5 min of rest after the first measure. A third measure was taken if the difference between the first two measurements was more than 20%, otherwise we took the average of the first two readings. For more than 20% variation, average was taken from the closest two measures. To check the accuracy of the readings, we measured blood pressure from 10 adults using both Omron HEM-7322 and a standard analog device for comparison. Our data showed that the Omron HEM-7322 over-estimated SBP on average by only 6% (standard deviation (SD) 8%) and DBP by 3% (SD 5%). Given the variation was less than 10% between the two devices, we used our data measured by Omron HEM-7322 without further adjustment for overestimation.  
Diet-related lifestyle modifications that effectively lower blood pressure questions, with possible answers, were as follows:  
1. Do you eat raw salt with dishes? Possible answers: \"Yes\" and \"No\"
2. Do you know reduced salt intake is good for lowering blood pressure? Possible answers: \"Not at all\", \"A little\", \"A lot\", and \"Enormously\"
3. At the moment, do you consider reducing salt (sodium chloride) intake from your daily meals? Possible answers: \"Not at all\", \"A little\", \"A lot\", and \"Enormously\"
4. At the moment, do you consider taking more vegetables, instead of carbohydrates, such as rice, potato or bread, and sugar? Possible answers: Not at all\", \"A little\", \"A lot\", and \"Enormously\"
5. Do you ever feel unhappy if you eat lots of sugar or carbohydrates? Possible answer: \"Never\", \"Sometimes\", \"Often\", and \"very often\".
6. Do you know eating ripe or green fruits regularly is good for health? Possible answers: \"Yes\", \"No\".
7. How are you habituated to eat fruits regularly? Possible answers: \"I eat some seasonal fruits every day\", \"I eat some seasonal fruits 3-4 times per week\", \"I eat some seasonal fruits 1-2 times per week\", \"I eat fruits irregularly, eat some fruits if I have them and I do not eat fruit if I do not have fruit\", and \"I almost never eat fruits\".
## 2 Results and Discussion
### Volatile Compounds
The evolution of esters during aging is different, depending on their structures. Generally, the ethyl branched acid esters increase, while ethyl fatty acids esters and acetate of higher alcohols decrease [40; 41]. In this study, ethyl branched acid esters, such as ethyl benzoate and ethyl phenylacetate increased, while, acetates of higher alcohols, such as isoamyl acetate, hexyl acetate and phenethyl acetate decreased. It is worth mentioning that the total amount of esters remained higher in the treated wine, indicating that the freeze concentration treatment could benefit the enhancement of esters. Terpenes and C\({}_{13}\)-norisoprenoid also changed in different ways during aging. Linalool showed an increase, while \(\beta\)-citronellol, geraniol, \(\beta\)-damascenone, and geranylacetone decreased significantly (\(p\leq 0.05\)). These compounds showed a similar content in the treated and control wines after aging. Combining the evolution of esters and terpenes, it is speculated that freeze concentration treatment could enhance the fruity notes of a young wine, however the enhancement could be diminished by the aging process. Most of the higher alcohols remained stable during aging, and their total amount was significantly higher in the treated wine than the control (\(p\leq 0.05\)). This could be unfavorable for the aroma elegance or harmony [15]. On the other hand, the volatile acids showed significantly lower content in the treated wine (\(p\leq 0.05\)), indicating freeze concentration would reduce the rancid or fatty character notes of the wine [4]. This could be favorable for the aroma quality. Based on the change of higher alcohols and volatile acids, overall evaluation by sensory panels is needed to determine how freeze concentration can influence the wine aroma quality.
## 3 Results and Discussion
### Functionalization of HSAG
High functionalization yields were obtained by using the two levels of modifier, about 10% and 6% by mass: they were 88% and 87% for Sample 1 and Sample 2, respectively. For the preparation of the nanocomposites, Sample 2 (lower amount of SP) was used. This choice was motivated by two main objectives: to verify if such a low level of functionalization was enough to promote the dispersion of HSAG in the NR latex and then in the NR-based composite and then to reduce the interaction of the polar groups with the polymer chains. Indeed, the objective of this work was to investigate the effect of graphene layers on an NR-based composite. Figure 4: Thermogravimetric analysis of: (**a**) Pristine HSAG and, (**b**) HSAG-SP after acetone extraction (Sample 2 in Table 2 below). The infrared analysis of HSAG-SP adducts has been discussed elsewhere [70]. In the case of the samples prepared in this work, the typical spectral features of the pyrrole compound (PyC) derivative have been identified.
###### Abstract  
Background: Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) is a cellular communication network factor family protein involved in many cellular functions. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of CTCF on the proliferation, osteogenic capacity, and mRNA expression of spheroids composed of gingiva-derived mesenchymal stem cells (GMSCs). Methods: CTCF was applied at final concentrations of 0, 25, 50, 100, and 200 ng/mL. Qualitative cell viability was determined using Live/Dead kit assay. Metabolic viability was determined with a colorimetric assay kit. Osteogenic activity was analyzed with alkaline phosphatase activity and Alizarin Red S staining. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used to assess the expression levels of RUNX2, BSP, OCN, and COL1A1. Results: In general, there was no significant difference in cell viability between the groups on Days 1, 4, and 7. Addition of CTCF produced an increase in Alizarin Red S staining. qPCR results demonstrated that the mRNA expression levels of RUNX2, BSP, OCN, and COL1A1 were significantly increased with the addition of CTCF. Conclusions: Based on these findings, we conclude that CTCF can be applied for increased osteogenic differentiation of stem cell spheroids.  
Keywords:cellular spheroids; cell survival; connective tissue growth factor; gingiva; osteogenesis; stem cells +
Footnote †: journal: Applied Sciences
# Efficacy of Pilates in Functional Body Composition: A Systematic Review
## 2 Materials and Methods  
### Search Strategy  
This systematic review used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) [14] criteria for the selection, reading, and analysis of studies in this area. A search was conducted in three databases (Figure 1): (i) Web of Science (Core Collection), (ii) SCOPUS, and (iii) search directory of the library catalog of the Faculty of Sport and Physical Education of the University of Coimbra--EBSCO Discovery Services. The selection of these databases is consistent with a previous search and was based on the large number of articles found. The search was performed with the words \"Pilates\" or \"Pilates-based\" in the title, associated with the words \"body composition\", \"fat\", \"bone\", or \"muscle mass\" in the abstract or keywords, when performed in SCOPUS. The time period was between 1 January 2017 and 31 December 2021. This period was chosen due to the increase in studies about Pilates in the last 10 years [15] and the need to update and systemat  
Figure 1: PRISMA 2020 flow diagram for new systematic reviews, which includes searches of databases and registers only (adapted from [14]).  
Figure 2: Articles found in the databases searched per year (10 years).  
The article selection process followed the following steps: (i) studies that used the descriptors in the aforementioned databases; (ii) exclusion of duplicate articles; (iii) reading the titles and abstracts; (iv) reading and critical evaluation of the articles (cf. Figure 2). This process, as well as the extraction of information from each one, was carried out by two authors ([PERSON] and [PERSON]), independently. It was then standardized, after analysis and comparison. In the case of differences, a third author ([PERSON]) was called to analyze and issue his final decision.
## 4 Results
### Multi-Level Mixed Effects Regression
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline
**Metrics/Features** & **Null Model** & **Control Model** & **Full Model** \\ \hline AIC & 252.94 & 251.65 & 341.31 \\ Marginal R\({}^{2}\) & 0.0099 & 0.1431 & 0.6483 \\ Conditional R\({}^{2}\) & 0.0184 & 0.1655 & 0.6604 \\ \hline Intercept & 0.175 & 0.839 & 1.100 \\ Team Random Effect & \(-\)0.013 & \(-\)0.014 & 0.003 \\ Gender Composition & & 0.262 * & 0.396 ** \\ Experiment Time & & \(-\)0.189 & \(-\)0.254 \\ RMET Test & & \(-\)0.488 & \(-\)1.365 \\ Acquaintance & & \(-\)0.618 ** & \(-\)0.283 \\ Happy (Std) & & & \(-\)0.172 \\ Fear (Min) & & & 0.006 \\ Neutral (Std) & & & 0.206 \\ Neutral (Min) & & & \(-\)0.296 * \\ Facial Valence (Max) & & & 0.014 \\ Facial Arousal (Max) & & & 0.005 \\ Facial Arousal (Min) & & & 0.216 \\ Facial Dominance (Min) & & & \(-\)0.029 \\ Brightness (Median) & & & \(-\)0.316 * \\ Brightness (Std) & & & \(-\)0.489 * \\ Brightness (Min) & & & 0.328 \\ Brightness (Slope) & & & \(-\)0.081 \\ Velocity (Median) & & & \(-\)0.142 \\ Velocity (Max) & & & 0.090 \\ Velocity (Min) & & & 0.181 \\ Velocity (Slope) & & & \(-\)0.002 \\ Fear Court (Max) & & & \(-\)9.161 * \\ Vocal Arousal (Mean) & & & 0.042 \\ Vocal Arousal (Slope) & & & 0.269 \\ Vocal Arousal (Std) & & & 0.050 \\ Vocal Valence (Slope) & & & 0.022 \\ Abs. Interruptions (Mean) & & & 0.337 \\ Abs. Interruptions (Slope) & & & \(-\)0.320 *** \\ Abs. Interruptions (Min) & & & \(-\)0.105 \\ Rel. Interruptions (Mean) & & & \(-\)0.028 \\ Rel. Interruptions (Slope) & & & 0.306 ** \\ Rel. Interruptions (Max) & & & \(-\)0.025 \\ Abs. Utterances (Slope) & & & 0.213 * \\ Abs. Utterances (Std) & & & 0.192 \\ Rel. Utterances (Std) & & & 0.060 \\ Abs. Speak Duration (Std) & & & 0.227 \\ \hline \end{tabular} Note. * \(p\) < 0.1; ** \(p\) < 0.05; *** \(p\) < 0.01.  
\end{table} 
Table 4: Overview of Multi-Level Mixed Effects Regression. (Abs. Utterances (Slope), \(p<0.1\)), while excessive brightness negatively affected performance (Brightness (Median), Brightness (Std), \(p<0.1\)). The model also highlighted the detrimental effect of high fear expressions (Fear Count (Max), \(p<0.1\)) and the positive influence of gender diversity (Gender Composition, \(p<0.05\)). Striking is the significant negative coefficient for the Fear Count (Max) (\(\beta=-94.161\), \(p=0.053\)), which indicates a strong negative influence of the maximum number of fear expressions on team performance. This could suggest that high levels of fear or stress expressions within a team affect its effectiveness, emphasizing the importance of the emotional climate in team interactions.
# L-Band Erbium Fiber Laser with Tunable and Narrow Sub-kHz Linewidth Output
## 2 First EDF Laser Experiment  
Figure 1 exhibits the first presented L-band EDF laser structure, which is built using an L-band commercial erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA), a polarization controller (PC), a three-port optical circulator (OC), an unpumped EDF of 2 m long, a tunable bandpass filter (TBF), a single-mode fiber of 100 m long, a fiber mirror reflector (FMR) and 1 \(\times\) 2 10:90 optical coupler (CPR), respectively. In this laser architecture, a single fiber ring is employed to produce a laser resonant cavity. The commercial L-band EDFA is added in the ring cavity as the gain medium. The available gain scope of initial EDFA, which has 11 dBm saturation power, is from 1568 to 1604 nm [Bandwidth (BW) = 36 nm bandwidth]. To cause various wavelength outputs of the EDF laser, the passband of TBF can be adjusted for continuous tuning. The TBF with 6 dB insertion loss has an available tuning scope between 1510 and 1630 nm. A PC is adapted to control the polarization status and attain the largest output power of each lasing wavelength. The OC fixes the transmission direction of the lasing lightwave clockwise, as shown in Figure 1. The generated wavelength passes through the OC (port 1 \(\rightarrow\) port 2), 100 m SMF, 2 m unpumped EDF, and FMR, respectively, and then returns to the EDFA via the same optical elements. Moreover, the output spectrum of the presented EDF laser is detected through the 10% connected port of CPR by an optical spectrum analyzer (OSA) with a 0.095 nm resolution for observation in the experiment, as also plotted in Figure 1. The measurable wavelength bandwidth of an OSA is from 600 to 1750 nm. The output power of each generated wavelength can also be detected by the OSA.
## 3 Results  
### Flexibility  
The performance of the tunable MMW frequency synthesizer is researched by using high performance test instruments, such as complex optical spectrum analyzer (OSA), tunable RF filter, a 110 GHz UTC-PD and an electrical spectrum analyzer (ESA). The ultra-wide broadband electro-optic frequency combs are experimentally generated from a QDMLL modulated by a DD-MZM, shown in Figure 2. In experiments, a GaAs/InP QD Fabry-Perot QDMLL is used to emit optical beams with a 75 GHz frequency spacing in the C-band.  
The QD laser is mounted stably with the temperature of 18 \({}^{\circ}\)C, with a threshold current of around 25 mA. The average output power of the QD laser is about 15 dBm, with the injection current fixed at 180 mA. A 11 nm bandwidth OFCs with 84, 54 and 28 comb lines at frequency spacing of 25, 37.5 and 75 GHz and 84 optical comb lines are experimentally created, respectively, shown in Figure 2a-c. A tailored OFC with frequency spacing of 25 GHz is generated from the DD-MZM driven by a sinusoidal RF signal (the total RF power is about 20 dBm, which is much lower than that in [12]).  
By adjusting the bias voltage of the DD-MZM, the maximum power shift of 3.2 dB over 84 lines is created with an equal frequency spacing of 25 GHz for the wavelength range from 1536 to 1547 nm. Similarly, the maximum power shift of 3.8 and 5.2 dB over 58 and 28 modes are created with an equal frequency spacing of 37.5 and 75 GHz, respectively. Unlike other electro-optic frequency comb methods, such as methods proposed in [9, 11], the ultra-wide broadband OFC generated by this scheme has greater flexibility.  
The QD mode-locked laser used is passively mode locked laser, which has a relative intensity noise (RIN) of about 150-160 dB/Hz, which is much better than commercial QW DFB lasers. Compared with the reported MMW Optical Frequency synthesizer, this scheme has not used many optical devices, such as fiber Bragg grating filters, polarization  
Figure 2: The measured maximum power deviation within the 10 dB spectrum of OFC with frequency spacing of (**a**) 25, (**b**) 37.5 and (**c**) 75 GHz. FS: Frequency spacing.  
controllers and optical phase lock loops. Therefore, this system structure is very simple and small sized, promoting the system robustness and stability.
## 4 Numerical Examples  
Five numerical implementations are conducted to investigate the accuracy of the proposed method. The objective of each numerical example is depicted in Table 1. In numerical examples 1 and 2, we conduct the sensitivity analysis and results comparison with the analytical solution. In the numerical example 3 and 4, we compare the accuracy of the proposed method with that of the time-marching finite difference method (FDM). Furthermore, we consider an application example in numerical example 5, where a time series of real tidal fluctuation data recorded at Xing-Da port by the Ministry of Economic Affairs Water Resources Department are used to study tide-induced groundwater flow problems.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**Numerical Examples** & & **Objective** \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Numerical example 1} & \(\mathbf{\Diamond}\) & A sensitivity analysis \\  & \(\mathbf{\Diamond}\) & Comparison with the analytical solution \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Numerical example 2} & \(\mathbf{\Diamond}\) & Comparison with the analytical solution \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Numerical example 3} & \(\mathbf{\Diamond}\) & Results comparison with the time–marching FDM \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Numerical example 4} & \(\mathbf{\Diamond}\) & Accuracy comparison with the time–marching FDM \\  & \(\mathbf{\Diamond}\) & Investigation of different leakage coefficient \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Numerical example 5} & \(\mathbf{\Diamond}\) & Evaluation of the tidal and piezometer data at the \\  & Xing–Da port, Kaohsiung, Taiwan \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 1: The objective of each numerical example.  
Figure 2: Conventional one-dimensional domain and the spacetime domain: (**a**) conventional one-dimensional transient problem; (**b**) boundary points of the problem in the spacetime domain.
## 5 Simulation Setup and Result Analysis
### Predicted Pheromone Rate at Each Link  
We use four links to examine the trends of the arriving packets. The PT model always chooses the highest pheromone link to transfer data packets. Hence, it is important to choose suitable values for the pheromone generation \"\(\beta\)\" and pheromone sensitivity \"P\({}_{\text{s}}\)\". Figure 7 indicates that the PT model can use secondary, tertiary, and other paths if the primary path is congested, which helps avoid congestion on the network and reduces the packet drop rate. The network transmits 48,015 data packets and only loses fifteen packets. Thus, approximately 99.97% of the packets are successfully delivered, which is a better outcome.  
The speeds of the sensor nodes vary from 0 to 18 m/s. The simulations demonstrate that O-MAC with PT produces a stable throughput, whereas MCMP, MMSPEED, SPIN, and EAP with O-MAC experience slight problems due to motion. As a result, the competing protocols have decreased throughputs. The simulation results demonstrate that PT with O-MAC is the superior choice for improving the QoS, whereas O-MAC-EAP, O-MAC-MCMP, O-MAC- MMSPEED and O-MAC-SPIN result in low throughput because of a lack of mobility features.  
The primary link shares 93.85% of the successfully delivered packets. Choosing the primary path while delivering additional packets helps reduce the energy consumption because the specific nodes on  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c} \hline
**Parameter** & **Value** \\ \hline Size of the WSN & 1200 m \(\times\) 1200 m \\ Size of each region & 400 m \(\times\) 400 m \\ Number of nodes & 450 \\ Routing protocols & MCMP, MMSPEED, SPIN, EAP and PT \\ Medium access control protocols & X-MAC, WiseMAC, B-MAC, and IEEE 802.15.4 \\ Transmission range & 30 \\ Size of the packets & 256 Bytes \\ Hybrid MAC protocols & O-MAC, ECLP, CL-MAC, P-MAC, RMAC, \\  & MAC-CROSS, XLM and EOA \\ Time for topology change & 1.5 s \\ Propagation model & Deterministic \\ Sensing range of the node & 30 m \\ Initial energy of the node & 4 Joules \\ Bandwidth of the node & 50 kb/s \\ Simulation time & 45 min \\ Average number of simulation runs & 15 \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 7: Simulation parameters and their corresponding values.  
the path can collaborate to send the packets while the other nodes are in the sleeping state. These results confirm that PT provides a higher throughput and reduced congestion. In the case of broken links, PT provides the flexibility to choose an alternate path that saves the network from congestion. As a result, the throughput remains stable.
## 2 Related Work
### Outline
#### 2.2.2 Relation Vector Estimation (Figure 1B)  
Normally, the target vector of the target domain data, \(\mathbf{y}^{t}\), is represented by the one-hot vector, whose dimension is the number of target domain labels, \(D_{y}^{t}\). However, this one-hot representation does not apply to the ATDL where the target domain labels have meanings different from those of the source domain labels. This frequently occurs in industrial applications. To address this problem while achieving the reuse of all layers, the ATDL estimates a relation vector \(\mathbf{m}_{l}\in\mathbb{R}^{D_{y}^{t}}\) (\(l=1,2,\cdots,D_{y}^{t}\)) instead of using the one-hot representation.  
\[\mathbf{m}_{l}=\sum_{i}^{N^{t}(l)}\phi(\mathbf{x}_{i,l}^{t}) \tag{2}\]  
where \(\mathbf{x}_{i,l}^{t}\) denotes the \(i\)-th target domain vector corresponding to the \(l\)-th target domain label and \(N^{t}(l)\) denotes the number of the target domain data of the \(l\)-th target domain label (\(N^{t}(1)+N^{t}(2)+\cdots+N^{t}(D_{y}^{t})=N^{t}\)).  
As described in [2], relation vectors represent the relation between the source and target domains. Namely, the \(k\)-th variable \(m_{l}(k)\) indicates the strength of the relation between the \(k\)-th source domain label and \(l\)-th target domain label. Examination of the values of relation vectors can indicate which labels of the source domain data are similar to those of the target domain data.  
Figure 1: Outline of ATDL. (**A**) Training the first DNN using the labeled source domain data, (**B**) estimating relation vectors of each target domain label by averaging, and (**C**) optimizing all parameters to classify the target domain data using estimated relation vectors.
# Optically Transparent Nano-Patterned Antennas: A Review and Future Directions
## 2 Transparent Antennas: A Review
### Transparents Conductive Oxides  
Transparent conductive oxides (TCOs), which are mainly used in the industry, are typically indium tin oxide (ITO) with an \(R_{\text{s}}\) of 30 to 80 \(\Omega\)/sq and a \(T\) of 90%. Electron beam (e-beam) deposition is a method that is mainly used in the production of ITO film. E-beam deposition has the advantage of making a uniform thin film and can enable ITO to be easily applied to other materials. ITO fabrication is generally based on a vacuum deposition process, resulting in high uniformity, but also an increase in production cost. In addition, if stable supply and demand is difficult due to the use of indium, which is a rare element, the price volatility is very high. Transparent antennas based on TCO electrodes featuring the above characteristics are further described below. Moreover, TCO-based transparent antennas can be classified as mono-layer or multilayer.