esa-sceva/satcom-chunk-collection huggingface dataset:
In recent works [19; 20; 21], it is observed that low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes have a better performance on doubly selective channels compared to convolutional codes and turbo coding. In LDPC coded transmission schemes, the system parameters are usually optimized towards a particular scenario to achieve capacity-approaching performance. However, due to high mobility in V2V communications, several channel scenarios can be experienced within the narrow time window. In order to maintain the performance of the LDPC encoded transmission schemes, the system parameters must be individually optimized for different scenarios, which translates into an increase in the computational complexity of the system making real-time implementation difficult. Additionally, at the signal level, no schemes have been incorporated to effectively take advantage of the frequency selectivity in the form of diversity to achieve better performance in the non-linear detection without significantly affecting the system's spectral efficiency.
###### Abstract  
The Common Information Model (CIM) defined in international electrotechnical commission technical committee 57 (IEC TC57) has been utilized for achieving interoperability by employing a canonical data model strategy for standardizing interfaces in the power industry. In adopting the CIM framework for data exchange, problems regarding identifiers (IDs) such as two different local IDs for the same object can occur, and local ID mapping tables are required for the object identification in advance of the data exchange. This paper proposes a new local ID mapping scheme using a topological fingerprint (TF) that represents a unique property of a power system resource. The concept of standard information, defined as common data that all systems considered for data exchange have in common, is introduced to make duplicated TFs separable. Case studies considering numerous power system resources in a distribution management system (DMS) are conducted and it can be seen from the simulation results that the proposed scheme can generate a unique TF for every resource in a system by the local ID mappings and automatically create an accurate mapping table of local IDs issued by each system differently.  
common information model; data exchange; interoperability; local ID mapping; master resource identifier; topology search +
Footnote †: journal: Applied sciences
# An Electroglottograph Auxiliary Neural Network for Target Speaker Extraction
## 6 Conclusions  
In this paper, we proposed a new method for target speech extraction. We input the EGG signals of target speakers and extracted target speech from noisy environments.  
Figure 12: The SDRi and SISDRi under different SNRs on the CDESD using the SpeakerBeam and our Pre_EGG_Aux network.  
As EGGs are not susceptible to noise, we could solve the speech extraction problem in situations with significant noise. When using the EGG_Aux network, the speech extraction performance increased by 32.7% in terms of SDRi, while the SISDRi value improved by 19.6%. When using the Pre_EGG_Aux network, the speech extraction performance increased by 33.5% in terms of SDRi, while the SISDRi value improved by 20.3%. Moreover, the gap between speech extraction performance when dealing with problems involving different genders was reduced by using EGGs. The gap between the speech extraction performance for the same gender and different genders was initially 1.28 dB but decreased to 0.58 dB by using the Pre_EGG_Aux network, showing that EGGs helped the network distinguish target speakers more accurately.  
In future work, we aim to design new speech extraction models that can solve problems in more complex situations. Additionally, we hope to also propose other methods to integrate more information from target speakers and achieve better results.  
Conceptualization, L.C.; methodology, Z.M.; investigation, Z.M. and J.R.; resources, L.C.; writing--original draft preparation, Z.M.; project administration, L.C.; funding acquisition, Q.Z. and C.C. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
This research was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 62072021), the National Science Foundation for Young Scholars of China (Grant No. 61603013), and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant No. YWF-22-L-532 and No. YWF-22-T-204).  
Not applicable.  
We gratefully acknowledge all subjects involved in building the dataset for our study.  
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
## 3 Results and Discussion
### Flexural Strength of New and Old Bonding Beams  
Geopolymer was used as a grouting material to reinforce concrete pavement, fill the void of the road base, and also bond and solidify loose particles. Bonding strength was a mechanical indicator that reflected the adhesion between geopolymer materials and road base, but there was no unified test method yet. The bonding strength of geopolymer materials was studied using new and old bonding beam flexural strength test methods, and the basic principle of the test was based on \"Testing Methods of Cement and Concrete for Highway Engineering\" (JTG 3420-2020) [30]. The flexural strength tests were conducted at the age of 3 d, 7 d, and 14 d, and the failure surface of new and old bonding beams are shown in Figure 8. At the age of 3 d, the flexural failure surfaces of new and old bonding beams were on the side of the geopolymer. As the age increased, the flexural strength of the geopolymer increased rapidly. Therefore, at the age of 7 d, the failure surfaces of new and old bonding beams were close to the bonding surface, and the failure surfaces exposed both the geopolymer and the cement mortar. At the age of 14 d, the failure surface of the specimen almost simultaneously passed through the geopolymer and the cement mortar beam.  
Figure 7: Compressive-flexural ratio.  
The flexural strength of new and old bonding beams with the five types of ratios of water to slag powder, including 0.24, 0.26, 0.28, 0.30, and 0.32, is shown in Figure 9. As shown in Figure 9a, when age increased, the flexural strength of new and old bonding beams gradually increased. However, with the increase in the ratio of water to slag powder, the overall flexural strength showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing under the same age. As shown in Figure 9b, when the age was 3 d, the flexural strength of the new and old bonding beams could reach 48% to 63% of the values of the mortar beams. When the ages were 7 d and 14 d, the flexural strengths of the new and old bonding beams could reach 72% to 94% and 80% to 97% of the values of the original mortar beams, respectively. The data showed that the bonding flexural strength of the geopolymer slurries with ratios of water to slag powder of 0.26 and 0.28 was better. The polymerization reactants of the geopolymer slurry could adhere to the mortar interface to prevent the expansion of microcracks, thereby improving the flexural strength of new and old bonding beams. At the same time, due to the filling effect of the geopolymer in the large pores of the mortar, the microporous connection hole was blocked, which enhances the bonding effect between the geopolymer beam and the mortar beam.
# Elemental Mercury Removal over CeO\({}_{2}\)/TiO\({}_{2}\) Catalyst Prepared by Sol-Gel Method
## 1 Introduction
Compared with the wet impregnation method, the sol-gel method has the advantage of studying the influence of Ce loading value on Hg\({}^{0}\) removal efficiency due to its ability to control the elemental content precisely. Moreover, different components can be mixed more evenly at the molecular level through the sol-gel method. Nevertheless, the study on Hg\({}^{0}\) removal efficiency of novel CeO\({}_{2}\)/TiO\({}_{2}\) catalyst prepared by sol-gel method is still insufficient. Moreover, it has been reported that the interaction between vanadium (V) oxides and cerium oxides could further promote the simultaneous removal efficiency of NO and Hg\({}^{0}\)[15; 16]. Considering this and the toxicity of vanadium oxides, it is necessary to study the effect of vanadium addition on the elemental mercury removal efficiency of the CeO\({}_{2}\)/TiO\({}_{2}\) catalyst prepared by sol-gel. In this study, a series of CeO\({}_{2}\)/TiO\({}_{2}\) catalysts with various Ce loading values was synthesized by sol-gel. Besides, a V\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{5}\)-CeO\({}_{2}\)/TiO\({}_{2}\) catalyst was also prepared. The elemental mercury removal performances of all catalysts were tested in the laboratory-scale experimental system. Firstly, each flue gas component was fed into the system. The effect of reaction temperature on the catalyst performance was studied in the simulated flue gas. Then, in an atmosphere with oxygen (O\({}_{2}\)), carbon dioxide (CO\({}_{2}\)), and hydrogen chloride (HCI), the effects of each flue gas component and the ratio of ammonia (NH\({}_{3}\)) to nitric oxide (NO) were investigated. Besides, the performances of CeO\({}_{2}\)/TiO\({}_{2}\) catalyst and V\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{5}\)-CeO\({}_{2}\)/TiO\({}_{2}\) catalyst were compared under various conditions. The simultaneous removal efficiency of Hg\({}^{0}\) and NO was also studied. At last, the Hg\({}^{0}\) removal mechanisms of the catalysts were proposed after conducting the characterization experiments. The results provided valuable information for better understanding the elemental mercury removal process over the catalyst prepared by sol-gel.
# A Progressive Semantic-Aware Fusion Network for Remote Sensing Object Detection
## 4 Experimental Results and Discussion
### Ablation Study
#### 4.5.3 Effect of SCAM  
For remote sensing images with complex backgrounds, contextual information is essential, as it provides additional clues for object recognition. To exploit this, we propose the spatial context awareness module (SCAM). As shown in Table 4, when only SCAM is used, the mAP reaches 94.73% on RSOD and 94.71% on NWPU VHR-10, with improvements of 1.09% and 1.41%, respectively. Positioned before the detection head, SCAM effectively leverages both global and local contextual information, enhancing the model's ability to classify and localize objects. When SCAM, SDAM, and DSFM are combined, the mAP further increases to 96.79% on RSOD and 96.01% on NWPU VHR-10, achieving improvements of 3.15% and 2.31% over the baseline model. This significant performance gain highlights the strong complementarity between these three modules. Their combined effect effectively alleviates issues like intricate backgrounds and variations in object scales, ultimately enhancing the model's detection accuracy.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Exp** & **SDAM** & **PSFM** & **SCAM** & **ADIeU** & **mAP (R) (\%)** & **mAP (N) (\%)** & **Params(M)** & **FLOPs(G)** \\ \hline
1 & ✗ & ✗ & ✗ & ✗ & 93.64 & 93.30 & 7.03 & 16.0 \\
2 & ✓ & ✗ & ✗ & ✗ & 95.37 & 94.39 & 8.01 & 18.3 \\
3 & ✗ & ✓ & ✗ & ✗ & 95.08 & 94.47 & 7.45 & 16.3 \\
4 & ✗ & ✗ & ✓ & ✗ & 94.73 & 94.71 & 7.47 & 16.6 \\
5 & ✓ & ✓ & ✗ & ✗ & 95.93 & 95.30 & 8.41 & 18.6 \\
6 & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & ✗ & 96.79 & 96.01 & 8.85 & 19.2 \\
7 & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & ✓ & 97.12 & 96.56 & 8.85 & 19.2 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 4: Ablation study on the RSOD and NWPU VHR-10 datasets. The mAP(R) represents the mAP on the RSDO dataset, while mAP(N) represents the mAP on the NWPU VHR-10 dataset.
## 2 State of the Art
### Gaps in Existing Research  
Through the review of the state of the art, several significant gaps in the existing research have been identified that this study seeks to address:  
* Integration of Petri nets in geolocation-based mobile applications: There is a lack of formal models for concurrent and asynchronous mobile systems. This study fills this gap by utilizing Petri nets to optimize the real-time delivery of promotions, providing a formal framework for managing complex interactions in mobile applications.
* Optimization of proximity detection: Although previous studies have addressed location tracking algorithms, there are limitations in the accuracy and efficiency of proximity detection. This work enhances these aspects by implementing the Haversine formula, offering a more precise solution for calculating distances in geolocation-based applications.
* Management of asynchronous behaviors: There is a gap in the efficient management of asynchronous interactions between mobile applications and APIs, crucial for real-time systems. The use of Petri nets in this study directly addresses this need, providing a robust model for handling concurrency and asynchrony.
* Scalability and robustness: Existing solutions often lack scalability for proximity-based mobile applications. This study addresses this limitation by combining modern technologies (Kotlin, Laravel) with formal modeling through Petri nets, offering a more scalable and robust solution.
* Performance analysis in location-based promotion systems: There is a lack of detailed analysis regarding the performance of real-time location-based promotion delivery systems. This study fills this gap by providing a comprehensive performance analysis of the system, including response times and accuracy in proximity detection.  
By addressing these gaps, this study significantly contributes to the field of geolocation-based mobile applications and the modeling of concurrent systems, offering innovative solutions and improvements in critical areas of research.
## 4 Proposed Scheme
### Theoretical Upper Bounds of Normalized IDRs (\(\mathit{SUF}_{max}\))  
If we normalize the IDR with respect to bandwidth, then \(\mathit{SUF}\) is obtained. For lower CG users, \(\mathit{SUF}_{max}\) is given by  
\[IDR=B\log_{2}(1+\mathit{SINR}) \tag{25}\]  
\[IDR=B\times\mathit{SUF} \tag{26}\]  
\[\mathit{SUF}=IDR/B=\log_{2}(1+\mathit{SINR}) \tag{27}\]  
\[\mathit{SUF}_{i_{max}}=\log_{2}\left(1+\frac{a_{iI}}{\sum_{p=1}^{i-1}a_{vl}} \right)\,\forall\,i\in\{2,3,\cdots,n\} \tag{28}\]  
Putting \(n=3,4,5,6\) in (24) gives \(a_{i}\)s for different cluster sizes. \(a_{i}\)s are calculated for lower CG users, then maximum normalized IDR can be found with the help of (28). Theoretically, the upper bounds of normalized IDRs are calculated and tabulated in Table 1.  
The second column of the Table 1 indicates the normalized data rate of the Highest CG user, which depends on equivalent channel gain and noise power. Hence, its value is not specified in the table and we have written 'variable' there.
## 3 Data and Methods
### Model Training  
A cementing quality prediction model was established based on SVR. The inclination angle, overall angle change rate, borehole diameter enlargement rate, casing centralizer, grouting return velocity, mud replacement return velocity, and cement slurry contact time are the input values; cementing quality is the output value. The processed data were used by the SVR model to build a model, in which the penalty coefficient takes 1, and the kernel function g takes \(1/n\). Table 1 shows the divided test set as well as the _RMSE_ and _MRE_ values for the prediction results.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Number**} & **Actual Cementing** & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**SVR Predicted**} & **Relative Error** & \multirow{2}{*}{**RMSE**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**MRE**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Time/s**} \\  & **Quality/\%** & **Cementing Quality/\%** & **Error** & & & & \\ \hline
14 & 13.37 & 13.92 & 0.0411 & & & \\
16 & 19.34 & 20.49 & 0.0595 & & & \\
17 & 17.29 & 21.33 & 0.2337 & & & \\
20 & 22.31 & 22.54 & 0.0103 & & & \\
26 & 20.19 & 21.21 & 0.0505 & & & \\
42 & 28.34 & 23.69 & 0.1641 & & & \\
43 & 29.76 & 25.07 & 0.1576 & & & \\
44 & 21.39 & 22.76 & 0.0640 & & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 1: Test set of random partition and model prediction evaluation.  
Figure 2: Statistical analysis histograms.  
From Table 1, it is evident that that the _MRE_ between the SVR predicted cementing quality and actual cementing quality is roughly 9.80%. Accordingly, the SVR parameters must be optimized to increase the accuracy of the model.  
As can be seen in Table 1, there is a large difference between entries 14 and 17. This is due to the fact that a lack of cementing data samples from a certain rare and specific environment can lead to a larger relative error.
# An Active Path-Associated Cache Scheme for Mobile Scenes
## 2 Related Work
### Mobility Caching in ICN Networks
Finally, a content placement strategy based on edge gain is proposed according to user mobility and content popularity. In the content layout strategy, they considered content access delay and layout cost and established the content layout problem. Then, a content layout algorithm based on the marginal gain is proposed to solve the content layout problem. Content placement is to achieve the optimal performance of content placement by analyzing the marginal gains brought by edge servers. The experimental results showthat the strategy is better than the comparison method in all performance indicators. In addition, in the field of Internet of Vehicles, the mobility cache also plays a big role. [PERSON] et al. propose a mobile proactive edge caching strategy based on federated learning (mpcf) [27]. This new strategy allows multiple vehicles to use private training data on local vehicles to jointly learn a model for predicting content popularity. Mpcf also uses an adversarial autoencoder to predict content popularity. Mpcf integrates a mobility-aware cache replacement strategy, allowing the edge of the network to update content based on the vehicle's movement patterns. The experimental results show that in the vehicle edge network, mpcf is superior to the comparison scheme in terms of cache hit rate and significantly reduces the communication cost. These research works are all designing new caching strategies in specific mobile scenarios. This is similar to the research background of this paper.
# Characterization of Narrowband Noise and Channel Capacity for Powerline Communication in France
## 3 Main Experimental Results and Discussion
### Noise Cyclostationary Behavior  
The PLC channel may vary abruptly when the network topology changes, particularly when the devices are plugged in or out, and when they are on or off. The objective of this section is to study this short-time variation of the impulsive noise. The measurement results in each transformer substation of four different sites (i.e., sub rural, rural, urban, and urban dense 1 sites) are discussed.  
The discussion is based on the evolution of the noise PSD in the time-frequency domain. So, the Wigner-Ville transform can be used (see Equation (2)). This kind of transformation enables to identify exactly the components of the signals both in the time and frequency domains. From the Wigner-Ville transform, it is also possible to define the distribution of energy in the time-frequency domain (see Equation (3)):  
\[W_{x}(t,f)=\int_{-\infty}^{+\infty}x\Big{(}t+\frac{\tau}{2}\Big{)}\cdot x(t- \frac{\tau}{2})e^{-i\varepsilon\tau/\tau}d\tau \tag{2}\]  
\[\iint_{-\infty}^{+\infty}w_{x}(t,f)dtdf=E_{x} \tag{3}\]  
The use of an analysis and smoothing window is used to limit the interferences. Thus, it warrants a good accuracy of the results. To achieve this, an algorithm was developed with the MATLAB software tool. This algorithm uses the pseudo Wigner-Ville transform smoothed with an analysis window both to fix the frequency and temporal resolution. The magnitude of each signal in the time domain was  
Figure 11: Noise power spectrum in the smart electricity meter. Measurements performed at 10 a.m. and 2 p.m.  
Figure 10: Noise power spectrum in the transformer substation. Measurements performed at 10 a.m. and 2 p.m.  
captured during one period of the mains (i.e., 20 ms). The measurements were also synchronized with the mains. Figures 12-15 sum up the main results.
# Automatic Defect Detection for Web Offset Printing Based on Machine Vision
## 2 Methodology
### Determining First Row in Web Offset Images  
#### 2.1.1 Description of the Problem  
For web offset printing, the printed paper roll is moving continuously through many color printing units which are used to transfer images from a printing plate cylinder to print media. Similarly, printed images are captured by line scan CCD cameras with the movement of printed matter. However, the height of a reference image is equal to the perimeter of printing plate cylinder, this raises a problem of determining the first row in captured images. From the first row of captured images, the subsequent detected image can be repeatedly obtained by cutting the captured images as the same rows of a reference image. Normally the camera works in conjunction with a rotary encoder mounted on the final printing cylinder as shown in Figure 2a, where the zero position of the rotary encoder can be used to determine the first row. The drawbacks of mounting a rotary encoder on the printing cylinder are the inconvenient installation and it can easily cause the instability of printing cylinder. To solve this problem, a new solution where the rotary encoder is installed in the position of the winding unit is given in Figure 2b. In Figure 2b, the cylinder mounted rotary encoder can be individually manufactured, is easy to install on the winding unit and in particular, will not affect the final printing unit. Thus, the solution in Figure 2b is a universal solution. Since the cylinder mounted rotary encoder on the winding unit is not in synchronization with the printing cylinder, how to determine the first row of captured images is a new problem as shown in Figure 3. Figure 3a is a continuous captured printed image, in which the red arrow indicates an image with a printing plate cylinder perimeter. Figure 3b is a reference image cropped from the captured image with a length of one printing cylinder perimeter, while Figure 3c is an initial frame image captured at the start time with the same size as the reference image during the detection process. In Figure 3c, the position marked by the red arrow may be the first row that corresponds to the reference image. Thus, how to quickly find the first row in the initial frame image is addressed in this section.  
Figure 1: Flowchart of the proposed defect detection method.