## 4 Results and Discussion
### EIS Analysis
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Sample Notation 1**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Ex 2-C 3-5.2 4**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Ex-Na 3-5.2**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Ex-SP 3-5.2**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Ex-T 3-5.2**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**In 2**} \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} Concrete response \\ \end{tabular} } & R\({}_{\text{Conc}}\) & 179.4 \(\Omega\) & 169.2 \(\Omega\) & 193.5 \(\Omega\) & 154.7 \(\Omega\) & 131.6 \(\Omega\) \\  & \begin{tabular}{c} CPE\({}_{\text{Conc}}\) \\ (\(\times 10^{-12}\)) \\ \end{tabular} & 7.0 \(\text{Fs}^{0.4}\) & 6.9 \(\text{Fs}^{0.41}\) & 7.4 \(\text{Fs}^{0.37}\) & 7.3 \(\text{Fs}^{0.41}\) & 20.6 \(\text{Fs}^{0.38}\) \\ \cline{2-6}  & R\({}_{\text{IF}}\) & 86.2 \(\Omega\) & 89.8 \(\Omega\) & 94.4 \(\Omega\) & 104.2 \(\Omega\) & 41.5 \(\Omega\) \\  & \begin{tabular}{c} CPE\({}_{\text{IF}}\) \\ (\(\times 10^{-6}\)) \\ \end{tabular} & 9.3 \(\text{Fs}^{-0.53}\) & 2.8 \(\text{Fs}^{-0.45}\) & 25.5 \(\text{Fs}^{-0.62}\) & 2.9\({}^{6}\) \(\text{Fs}^{-0.48}\) & 1.9 \(\text{Fs}^{-0.33}\) \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} Steel response \\ \end{tabular} } & R\({}_{\text{CP}}\) & 231.7 \(\Omega\) & 180.4 \(\Omega\) & 82.7 \(\Omega\) & 161.9 \(\Omega\) & 91.5 \(\Omega\) \\  & \begin{tabular}{c} CPE\({}_{\text{CP}}\) \\ (\(\times 10^{-3}\)) \\ \end{tabular} & 6.7 \(\text{Fs}^{-0.47}\) & 7.4 \(\text{Fs}^{-0.51}\) & 6.7 \(\text{Fs}^{-0.42}\) & 7.5 \(\text{Fs}^{-0.54}\) & 12.0 \(\text{Fs}^{-0.47}\) \\ \cline{2-6}  & R\({}_{\text{Steel}}\) & - & - & - & - & - & - \\  & \begin{tabular}{c} CPE\({}_{\text{Steel}}\) \\ (\(\times 10^{-3}\)) \\ \end{tabular} & 7.7 \(\text{Fs}^{-0.18}\) & 7.5 \(\text{Fs}^{-0.17}\) & 6.1 \(\text{Fs}^{-0.26}\) & 6.3 \(\text{Fs}^{-0.24}\) & 7.0 \(\text{Fs}^{-0.19}\) \\ \hline \multicolumn{1}{c}{**(b) Active State of Steel (LS)**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**(\(\text{{\color{{black}}}}\)\(\text{{\color{{black}}}}\)\(\text{{\color{black}}}\)\(\text{{\color{black}}}\)\(\text{{\color{black}}}\)\(\text{{\color{black}}}\)\(\text{{\color{black}}}\)**} \\ \hline \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Sample Notation**} & **Ex-C-5.2** & **Ex-Na-5.2** & **Ex-T-5.2** & **Ex-SP-5.2** & **Ex-SP-4.2 4** & **Ex-SP-0 4** & **In** \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} Concrete response \\ \end{tabular} } & R\({}_{\text{Conc}}\) & 119.3 \(\Omega\) & 123.7 \(\Omega\) & 120.2 \(\Omega\) & 113.5 \(\Omega\) & 157.8 \(\Omega\) & 161 \(\Omega\) & 133.4 \(\Omega\) \\  & \begin{tabular}{c} CPE\({}_{\text{Conc}}\) \\ (\(\times 10^{-12}\)) \\ \end{tabular} & 10.4 \(\text{Fs}^{0.43}\) & 7.03 \(\text{Fs}^{0.41}\) & 6.98 \(\text{Fs}^{0.43}\) & 4.47 \(\text{Fs}^{0.391}\) & 3.71 \(\text{Fs}^{0.37}\) & 7.25 \(\text{Fs}^{0.31}\) & 50.8 \(\text{Fs}^{0.30}\) \\ \cline{2-6}  & R\({}_{\text{IF}}\) & 77.3 \(\Omega\) & 79.9 \(\Omega\) & 75.2 \(\Omega\) & 105.1 \(\Omega\) & 131.5 \(\Omega\) & 138.5 \(\Omega\) & 8.1 \(\Omega\) \\  & \begin{tabular}{c} CPE\({}_{\text{IF}}\) \\ (\(\times 10^{-7}\)) \\ \end{tabular} & 4.90 \(\text{Fs}^{-0.31}\) & 17.1 \(\text{Fs}^{-0.46}\) & 15.4 \(\text{Fs}^{-0.42}\) & 61.0 \(\text{Fs}^{-0.61}\) & 27.8 \(\text{Fs}^{-0.68}\) & 21.2 \(\text{Fs}^{-0.55}\) & 20.6 \(\text{Fs}^{-0.11}\) \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} Steel response \\ \end{tabular} } & R\({}_{\text{CP}}\) & 104.1 \(\Omega\) & 28.87 \(\Omega\) & 30.55 \(\Omega\) & 73.01 \(\Omega\) & 119.3 \(\Omega\) & 54.53 \(\Omega\) & 44.44 \(\Omega\) \\  & \begin{tabular}{c} CPE\({}_{\text{CP}}\) \\ (\(\times 10^{-7}\)) \\ \end{tabular} & 4.33 \(\text{Fs}^{-0.70}\) & 2.96 \(\text{Fs}^{-0.64}\) & 1.35 \(\text{Fs}^{-0.58}\) & 1.56 \(\text{Fs}^{-0.61}\) & 1.28 \(\text{Fs}^{-0.61}\) & \begin{tabular}{c} 0.836 \\ \(\text{Fs}^{-0.66}\) \\ \end{tabular} & 2.97 \(\text{Fs}^{-0.58}\) \\ \cline{2-6}  & R\({}_{\text{Steel}}\) & 398.1 \(\Omega\) & 239.3 \(\Omega\) & 247.1 \(\Omega\) & 199.5 \(\Omega\) & 219.3 \(\Omega\) & 447.4 \(\Omega\) & 226.3 \(\Omega\) \\  & \
\begin{tabular}{c} CPE\({}_{\text{Steel}}\) \\ (\(\times 10^{-2}\)) \\ \end{tabular} & 1.42 \(\text{Fs}^{-0.39}\) & 1.81 \(\text{Fs}^{-0.29}\) & 1.62 \(\text{Fs}^{-0.26}\) & 2.09 \(\text{Fs}^{-0.22}\) & 2.44 \(\text{Fs}^{-0.23}\) &
\begin{tabular}{c} 1.12 \\ \(\text{Fs}^{-0.291}\) \\ \end{tabular} & 2.13 \(\text{Fs}^{-0.19}\) \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}