# Reputation Consensus Mechanism for Blockchain Based on Information-Centric Networking
## 4 Design
### Hybrid Consensus Mechanism
#### 4.2.1 Reputation Consensus Mechanism
Experimental results demonstrate that, under identical conditions, RepuICN outperforms the Casper FFG protocol in terms of block broadcast delay, transaction through

Figure 13: Variation in block propagation time with node coverage under different latency rates. put, network traffic bandwidth consumption, and block broadcast time under network latency fluctuations. Although the RepuICN protocol has exhibited strong performance in simulations, several challenges remain to be addressed in future research. These include the security and centralization issues introduced by the incorporation of ICN consensus nodes, as well as the integration and deployment challenges associated with ICN in blockchain infrastructure. Future work could further optimize RepuICN to support additional consensus protocols and address broader application needs. Furthermore, the deployment and implementation of RepuICN in practical environments, such as IoT and 5G/6G networks, should be explored to facilitate its adoption across a wider range of application scenarios. Conceptualization, Y.Z. and Y.L. ; methodology, Y.Z. and Y.L. ; software and data curation, Y.Z. ; validation and writing--original draft preparation, Y.Z. ; writing--review and editing, Y.Z., Y.L. and R.H.; supervision, R.H. and Y.L. ; project administration, R.H.; funding acquisition, R.H. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. This work was funded by The Youth Program of the Talent Recruitment Plan of the Chinese Academy of Sciences: Preliminary Support Project for Research Institutes (Project No. E455180101). The original contributions presented in this study are included in the article. Further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding author. We would like to express our gratitude to [PERSON] and [PERSON] for their meaningful support for this work. The authors declare no conflicts of interest. ## Abbreviations

BFT Byzantine Fault Tolerance

BLS Boneh-Lynn-Shacham

BN Blockchain Node

DPoS Delegated Proof of Stake

FFG Friendly Finality Gadget

IBN ICN Blockchain Node

ICN Information-Centric Networking

IoT Internet of Things

IP Internet Protocol

LMD CHOST Latest Message Driven Greedy Heaviest Observed Subtree

PoA Proof of Authority

PoS Proof of Stake

P2P Peer-to-Peer

QoS Quality of Service

R IP Routers

SDN Software-Defined Networking

TPS Transaction Throughput

## References

* (1) [PERSON] Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System. Available online: [[https://bitcoin.org/bitcoin.pdf](https://bitcoin.org/bitcoin.pdf)]([https://bitcoin.org/bitcoin.pdf](https://bitcoin.org/bitcoin.pdf)) (accessed on 7 March 2025). * (2) [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] Blockchain for Internet of Things: A Survey. _IEEE Internet Things J._**2019**, \(6\), 8076-8094. [CrossRef]
* (3) [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] Blockchain technology: Applications in health care. _Circ. Cardiovasc. Qual. Outcomes_**2017**, _10_, e003800. [CrossRef]
* (4) [PERSON]; [PERSON] A comprehensive review of blockchain consensus mechanisms. _IEEE Access_**2021**, \(9\), 43620-43652. [CrossRef]* (5) [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]. On Scaling Decentralized Blockchains: (A Position Paper). In Proceedings of the International Conference on Financial Cryptography and Data Security, Christ Church, Barbados, 22-26 February 2016; Springer: Berlin/Heidelberg, Germany, 2016; pp. 106-125. * (6) [PERSON]; [PERSON] Ppcoin: Peer-to-peer crypto-currency with proof-of-stake. _Comput. Sci._**2012**, _19_, 42319203. * (7) [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] [PERSON] Ouroboros: A provably secure proof-of-stake blockchain protocol. In Proceedings of the Annual International Cryptology Conference, Barbara, CA, USA, 20-24 August 2017; Springer: Berlin/Heidelberg, Germany, 2017; pp. 357-388. * (8) [PERSON]; [PERSON]/Kademlia: A Practicable Approach towards Secure Key-Based Routing. In Proceedings of the 2007 International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Systems, Las Vegas, NV, USA, 24-26 September 2007; pp. 1-8.