# The Effect of Selected Herbal Extracts on Lactic Acid Bacteria Activity
## 3 Results
### Qualitative Analysis of Plant Extracts  
The results of ultrahigh-performance LC (UHPLC)-QTOF-CAD analyses of plant extracts are shown in Tables 3-9. The identified compounds are presented according to their elution order. Compounds were tentatively identified based on their HRMS and HRMS2 spectra. The fragmentation patterns and molecular formulas of the compounds were compared with available literature data. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Plant Extracts**} & \multirow{2}{*}{
\begin{tabular}{c} **Total Phenolic Content** \\ **[mg GAE/g of Extract]** \\ \end{tabular} } & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**Antioxidant Capacities**} \\ \cline{3-5}  & & **DPPH** & **ABTS** & **FRAP** \\ \hline Valerian (_Valeriana officinalis_ L.) & 30.97 \(\pm\) 0.49  & 0.159 \(\pm\) 0.003  & 0.090 \(\pm\) 0.004  \\ \hline Sage (_Salvia officinalis_ L.) & 61.42 \(\pm\) 0.43  & 0.137 \(\pm\) 0.002  & 0.186 \(\pm\) 0.004  & 0.122 \(\pm\) 0.004  & 0.122 \(\pm\) 0.004  \\ \hline Chammomile (_Matricaria_ & 32.56 \(\pm\) 0.24  & 0.099 \(\pm\) 0.003  & 0.120 \(\pm\) 0.003  & 0.092 \(\pm\) 0.004  \\ \hline Cistus (_Cistus_ L.) & 106.38 \(\pm\) 0.01  & 0.154 \(\pm\) 0.005  & 0.208 \(\pm\) 0.004  & 0.136 \(\pm\) 0.003  \\ \hline Linden blossom (_Tilia_ L.) & 104.72 \(\pm\) 0.39  & 0.161 \(\pm\) 0.007  & 0.210 \(\pm\) 0.007  & 0.133 \(\pm\) 0.004  \\ \hline Ribwort plantain (_Plantago lanccolata_ L.) & 41.84 \(\pm\) 0.20  & 0.129 \(\pm\) 0.004  & 0.150 \(\pm\) 0.003  & 0.113 \(\pm\) 0.006  \\ \hline Marshallow (_Allhaea_ L.) & 24.06 \(\pm\) 0.34  & 0.084 \(\pm\) 0.003  & 0.098 \(\pm\) 0.007  \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: The TPC and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity of plant extracts determined by DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays (average values and standard deviations of three replicates). Figure 2: UHPLC-QTOF-CAD chromatograms of the studied plant extracts: (**a**) valerian (_Valeriana officinalis_ L.); (**b**) sage (_Salvia officinalis_ L.); (**c**) chamomile (_Matricaria chamomilla_ L.); (**d**) cistus (_Cistus_ L.); (**e**) linden blossom (_Tilia_ L.); (**f**) ribwort plantain (_Plantago lanccolata_ L.); and (**g**) marshallow (_Althaea_ L.). \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Peak** & **RT** & **Molecular Ion** & **Ion** & **MS/MS** & **Formula** & **Error** & **mSigma** & **Tentative Identification** \\  & **[min]** & **[M-H]\({}^{-}\)** & **Mode** & **Fragments** & & **[ppm]** & **mSigma** & **Tentative Identification** \\ \hline
1 & 1.4 & 197.0458 & - & 179(53), 135(24), 132(32), 195(6), 151(4) & C\({}_{6}\)H\({}_{9}\)O\({}_{5}\) & \(-\)1.3 & 10.2 & danshensu isomer \\ \hline
2 & 2.8 & 325.0933 & - & 179(100), 135(14) & C\({}_{15}\)H\({}_{17}\)O\({}_{8}\) & \(-\)1.9 & 11.8 & caffe  acid-deoxyhexoside \\ \hline
3 & 3.9 & 389.1789 & + & 227(100), 209(98), 191(56), 131(12) & C\({}_{18}\)H\({}_{29}\)O\({}_{9}\) & 4.3 & 13.8 & unidentified \\ \hline  & & & & 295(100), 265(51), 160(17), 193(16), 175(10) & C\({}_{16}\)H\({}_{19}\)O\({}_{9}\) & \(-\)1.9 & 19.8 & ferulic acid-hexoside \\
4 & 4.1 & 355.1041 & - & 175(10) & C\({}_{27}\)H\({}_{35}\)O\({}_{14}\) & \(-\)2.5 & 12.4 & unidentified \\  & & & 298(508), 295(33), & & 313(27) & & & \\ \hline
5 & 4.5 & 493.0628 & - & 299(100), 271(50), 241(9) & C\({}_{21}\)H\({}_{27}\)O\({}_{14}\) & \(-\)0.9 & 12.2 & unidentified \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: Compounds identified in the sage (_Salvia officinalis_ L) extract using UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS.