## 5 Results and Discussion
### Extrinsic Evaluation  
A focus group was formed for extrinsic valuation based on human judgements. As depicted in Table 6, a focus group was formed comprising of 34 male and 7 female undergraduate university students with a computer science major. As an evaluation requirement, the focus group was provided with the same environment, data, situation, and time period for analyzing and decision-making. As each member of the focused group has a different mental approach towards the decision, this may result in creating a gray area/bias. Moreover, each member of the focused group was briefed about the objectives of research and steps involved in the basic evaluation process. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Dataset** & **Epochs** & **Accuracy** & **Precision** & **Recall** & \(\mu_{O}\) \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Enron} & 10 & 0.92 & 0.95 & 0.90 & 0.87 \\  & 20 & 0.94 & 0.95 & 0.9 & 0.88 \\  & 30 & 0.94 & 0.95 & 0.92 & 0.89 \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{LingSpam} & 10 & 0.98 & 0.97 & 0.98 & 0.96 \\  & 20 & 0.98 & 0.97 & 0.98 & 0.96 \\  & 30 & 0.98 & 0.95 & 0.97 & 0.94 \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{PU} & 10 & 0.92 & 0.89 & 0.86 & 0.82 \\  & 20 & 0.92 & 0.84 & 0.87 & 0.80 \\  & 30 & 0.92 & 0.88 & 0.85 & 0.81 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: Results for testing data for different datasets using the BERT model. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Dataset** & **Epochs** & **Accuracy** & **Precision** & **Recall** & \(\mu_{O}\) \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Enron} & 10 & 0.96 & 0.98 & 0.98 & 0.95 \\  & 20 & 0.97 & 0.98 & 0.98 & 0.96 \\  & 30 & 0.97 & 0.98 & 0.98 & 0.96 \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{LingSpam} & 10 & 0.96 & 0.96 & 0.94 & 0.92 \\  & 20 & 0.98 & 0.96 & 0.95 & 0.93 \\  & 30 & 0.98 & 0.95 & 0.97 & 0.94 \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{PU} & 10 & 0.93 & 0.95 & 0.9 & 0.88 \\  & 20 & 0.95 & 0.95 & 0.95 & 0.92 \\ \cline{1-1}  & 30 & 0.96 & 0.96 & 0.94 & 0.92 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 5: Results for testing data for different datasets using the LSTM model. In the BERT model scenarios, decisions were based on the values of accuracy, precision and recall, as shown in Table 7. Condition/restriction was also incorporated, where each member had to opt for only one choice, and once. Considering the Enron dataset, the focused group decision-making results shows that all 34 (i.e., 100%) males opted for results \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Gender** & **Participants** & **Population** & **Occupation** \\ \hline Male & 34 & 83\% & Students \\ Female & 7 & 17\% & Students \\ Total & 41 & 100\% & - \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 6: Description of focus group demographics. Figure 1: Comparison of BERT and LSTM using \(\mu_{O}\) for (**a**) Enron (**b**) Lingspam (**c**) PU. obtained with 30 epochs, with all 7 females (i.e., 100%) also opting for the same option. For the Lingpam dataset, the decision-making results for the focus group shows that 59% of the males opted for 20 epochs, while 41% females chose results obtained with 30 epochs. Furthermore, out of seven females, three opted for results with 20 epochs, while four preferred the results obtained with 30 epochs. Finally, for the PU dataset, the decision-making results for the focus group showed that out of 34 males, 10 opted for results obtained with 10 epochs, 17 opted for results obtained with 20 epochs, while 7 preferred the results obtained with 30 epochs. The results for females were somewhat showing similar trends, where two out of seven females chose results of 10 epochs, one opted for 20 epochs, while four opted for results with 30 epochs. As far as the results for LSTM are concerned, Table 8 illustrates the scenarios where the decisions were based on the values of accuracy, precision, and recall derived from the LSTM model. The same condition/restriction as for the BERT model was applied.