## 2 Materials and Methods
### Data Analysis  
The three championships mentioned before were considered for analysing the evolution of the variables of study (i.e., WC18, WC19 and WC21). All data referring to HwCE (i.e., scores and penalties that implied the end of the contest), the total number of _shido_, the temporal units (TU, i.e., periods of time in which the judo contest was divided for analysis), the rounds (R) and sex category were registered.  
Scores and penalties (HwCE) were analysed considering WhCE (i.e., BRT, FRT and EXT contests) and the round of the championship.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline
**Variable** & **Abbreviation** & **Description** \\ \hline _lppon_ & I & \\ _Waza-ari_ & W & \\ \hline _Waza-ari-aavase-ippron_ (double _waza-ari_) & WW & \\ \hline _Shido_ & SH3 & \\ \hline \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Accumulation and distribution of _shido_ in**} \\ \multicolumn{3}{c}{**a contest**} \\ \hline Winner & \multicolumn{2}{c}{Contests where the athlete who wins ends with more _shido_} \\ \hline Defeated & \multicolumn{2}{c}{Contests where the athlete who defeats ends with more _shido_} \\ \hline Tied at zero _shido_ & \multicolumn{2}{c}{Contests ending without penalties} \\ \hline Tied at one _shido_ & \multicolumn{2}{c}{Contests ending tie at one _shido_} \\ \hline Tied at two _shido_ & \multicolumn{2}{c}{Contests ending tie at two _shido_} \\ \hline
**Temporal unit** & TU & Time phase in which a contest was divided \\ \hline TU1 & First temporal unit: from 0 to 59 s \\ \hline TU2 & Second temporal unit: from 60 to 119 s \\ \hline TU3 & Third temporal unit: from 120 to 179 s \\ \hline TU4 & Fourth temporal unit: from 180 to 239 s \\ \hline TU-FRT & Temporal unit at the end of the 4 m of regular time \\ \hline TU-GS & Temporal unit of the extended time or golden score \\ \hline
**Round** & \multicolumn{2}{c}{Rounds, by sex category} \\ \hline Round 1 & R1 & First round \\ \hline Round 2 & R2 & Second round \\ \hline Round 3 & R3 & Third round \\ \hline Round 4 & R4 & Fourth round \\ \hline Quarter-final & QF & The winner goes to the semi-final, \\  & and the defeated goes to the repechage \\ \hline Repechage & RP & The winner goes to the bronze, and the defeated is eliminated \\ \hline Semi-final & SF & The winner goes to the final, \\  & and the defeated goes to the bronze \\ \hline Bronze & BZ & The winners win the bronze medal (two medals), \\  & and the defeated are eliminated \\ \hline Final & FL & The winner wins the gold medal, \\  & and the defeated wins the silver medal \\ \hline \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Rounds recoded in two categories**} \\ \hline Preliminary rounds & PR & Grouping of R1, R2, R3 and R4 \\ \hline Final rounds & FR & Grouping of QF, RP, SF, BZ and FL \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 1: Cont.  
The total number of _shido_ in a contest was analysed considering (a) when one judo athlete accumulated more than the other, (b) when both athletes were tied in terms of _shido_ (none, one or two) and (c) the accumulation of _shido_ between a winner and defeated during a contest, while also considering when the contest ended (BRT, FRT and EXT).  
Regarding TUs, frequency and percentage within BRT, FRT and EXT were analysed. BRT could finish in temporal units TU1, TU2, TU3 and TU4; FRT contests only could end in TU-FRT (4 m); and EXT contests only could finish in the golden score (i.e., >4 m). All the temporal units in which the contests might end were analysed.  
Concerning the competition rounds, first, each round was analysed separately, i.e., round 1 (R1), round 2 (R2), round 3 (R3), round 4 (R4), quarter-final (QF), repechage (RP), semi-final (SF), bronze (BZ) and FL. Second, a complementary analysis in which the nine rounds were recoded into two variables was carried out for simplifying the interpretation of outcomes: PR, that is, R1, R2, R3 and R4, which were the initial rounds, and final rounds, FR, that is, QF, RP, SF, BZ and FL, in which the medals were disputed or passed on to contests that allowed athletes to go on to dispute the medals.