# A Review of Recent Progress of Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS) in China
## 3 Progress of CO\({}_{2}\) Capture and Transport in China
### Development Status of CO\({}_{2}\) Capture in China
CO\({}_{2}\) capture projects that are currently in operation are listed in Table 4.  
While existing capture technologies are gradually being put into practical large-scale application, major advancements have been achieved in the study of CO\({}_{2}\) separation technology. In 2020, the first \"phase-changing\" carbon capture industrial facility with a capacity of 1000 tonnes/year, which was developed by China Huaneng Group (CHNG), successfully realized continuous and stable operation in Huaneng Changchun Thermal Power Plant. In this facility, a biphasic carbon separation technology used in the post-combustion capture process can address the issue of high energy consumption caused by the heating of the CO\({}_{2}\) absorption liquid in the traditional method, thus reducing the cost of CO\({}_{2}\) capture [68]. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline
**Technology** & **Appliance Object** & **Advantage** & **Disadvantage** \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Post-combustion} & Pulverized coal (PC) power plant & Well understood & \multirow{2}{*}{High energy consumption} \\  & Natural gas combined cycle & & \\  & (NGCC) power plant & & \\  & Fossil-fuel power plant & & \\  & & & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Pre-combustion} & Integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) power plant & \multirow{2}{*}{High efficiency and easy separation} & \multirow{2}{*}{High investment cost} \\  & & & \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{3-4}  & Pulverized coal (PC) power plant, Integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) power plant & & \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{3-4}  & & & \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{3-4}  & & & \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Comparison of CO\({}_{2}\) capture technologies [57]. In addition, direct air capture (DAC), which can reduce the atmospheric level of CO2, has also attracted attention in China. In contrast to the above-mentioned three traditional CO2 capture technologies, which are primarily appropriate to capture CO2 emissions from industrial stationary sources, DAC is primarily designed to capture less-concentrated CO2 from distributed sources, such as small fossil combustion units and vehicles. It is regarded as a means of balancing difficult-to-avoid emissions as well as a remedy for legacy emissions [69; 70]. The research focus in DAC technology is on the development and utilization of efficient and low-cost adsorption materials. Hydrogen-bonded Organic Frameworks (HOFs) [71], which are a type of solid adsorption material with an organic framework crystal structure, can achieve direct CO2 capture from the air at atmospheric pressure of 25 \({}^{\circ}\)C. With the help of the permanent pores, selective adsorption of CO2 can be accomplished with 1 tonne of adsorbent for 113 kg of CO2 captured [59]. Given the promising application of HOFs materials for direct air capture of CO2, Chinese research institutions and scholars have been improving the properties of HOFs materials in recent years. [PERSON] et al. developed a type of HOFs material (HOF-TCBP) with high stability and a large specific surface area, which can be regenerated under the rotary evaporation method. The regenerated material has the same specific surface area as the original sample, so it can be repeatedly used for efficient CO2 capture [72]. [PERSON] et al. proposed a flexible HOFs material with large-scale void-regulated permanent pores. Its maximum porosity can reach 33.2% of the total unit volume, enabling a larger volume of CO2 adsorption. These advancements in HOFs material development have laid the foundation for the future potential application of direct air capture of CO2 [73].