# The YouGovern Secure Blockchain-Based Self-Sovereign Identity (SSI) Management and Access Control
## 2 Background Theory and Related Works
### Related Work
DNS-IdM can avoid traditional security threats and the drawbacks of existing decentralized identity management systems because of its decentralized existence. For identity management, this method provides a domain name system-like experience. A person can use real-world attributes of his/her identity via DNS-IdM to generate a digitized identification that can be used by various companies to authenticate a user and offer their services based on validated criteria. DNS-IdM varies from conventional schemes of identity management as well as the current advancements in the blockchain-based identity systems, by utilizing the blockchain as a trustworthy and stable network to store identities while using smart contracts to obtain identities from their respective recipients safely. Most conventional schemes of Identity Management primarily focus on mediators to validate statements concerning identity characteristics that, once checked, remain true even though the beneficiaries have revoked or modified them. However, identity systems that are based on blockchain depend entirely on the users' acknowledgment of their identification \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**Specifications** & **uPort** & **Sovrin** \\ \hline Availability & A user has to use his/her smart phone to control his/her identity & A user needs a smart phone, but it is not required to owned it \\ \hline Transparency & Transparency is built on open-source projects and open standards & Transparency is built on open-source projects and open standards \\ \hline Portability & Portability is limited. Nevertheless, uPort is utilizing various open standards to enhance portability, such as DID and VC & Portability is limited. Nevertheless, Sovrin is utilizing various open standards to enhance portability, such as DID and VC \\ \hline Interoperability & Currently, it is evolving. Thus, it needs a further alignment with other SSI proposals & Currently, it is evolving. Thus, it needs a further alignment with other SSI proposals \\ \hline Scalability & Scalability is limited. The public Ethereum blockchain elaborates around 15 transactions & Scalability is limited. Sovrin resolves it by utilizing two rings of nodes. One ring of ver second. uPort is resolving this by permitting users to generate Ethereum key pairs and avoiding the establishment of multiple contracts on the blockchain. & Scalability is limited. Sovrin resolves it by utilizing two rings of nodes. One ring of validators is accepting write transactions. A bigger ring of observers performs read-only copies of the blockchain and executes read requests. \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: _Cont._ \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**Security** & **Controllability** & **Portability** \\ \hline Protection & Existence & Interoperability \\ Persistence & Control & Transparency \\ Minimization & Consent & Access Portability \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Principles of SSI. attributes or their approval of the details being monitored. DNS-IdM gives clients the ability to control their identification details. For suppliers of services, that would make it possible for any of them to utilize already presented identity attributes and to request them directly from beneficiaries through smart contracts when the needed features do not exist. The entire identity management process (e.g., the persistence of attributes, requests, and verification) is seamlessly enforced by integrating authorization and unauthorized blockchains with intelligent contracts. The blockchain's intrinsic properties, including resistance, longevity, and traceability, render the DNS-IdM secure and trustworthy. Recent innovations have introduced blockchain consensus models tailored for constrained environments such as wireless networks and 6G systems. For example, symbiotic blockchain consensus (SBC) leverages cognitive backscatter communication to enable sustainable consensus operations in power-limited and spectrum-constrained contexts [45; 46].