# Construction of Cultural Heritage Knowledge Graph Based on Graph Attention Neural Network
## 7 Discussion and Outlook  
### Association between Knowledge Graphs and Artifact Information  
This paper takes the knowledge of Tang Dynasty gold and silver artifacts, part of China's material heritage, as an example, focusing on the knowledge collection phase during the early design stage, addressing challenges such as knowledge data diversity, data redundancy, and data ambiguity. A unified data model for Tang Dynasty gold and silver artifact knowledge was constructed, using graph structures to express complex relationships and semantics between entities. By integrating semantic web technology and inference engines and leveraging linked data technology, the model enables the expression of more diversified knowledge. It can integrate heterogeneous data sources to form a unified knowledge representation. During the construction of the knowledge graph, users can intuitively and efficiently browse information through the integrated knowledge graph visualization function.  
In prior research on Tang Dynasty gold and silver artifacts, researchers have generally followed a pattern in their descriptions of these artifacts: first providing a unified description of the form, components, and connection relationships of the artifacts, and then detailing each part's features, patterns, and cultural connotations in a vertical order, such as from top to bottom or starting from the connection points. Based on Chinese language logic, different word types in the text are deconstructed, with irrelevant adjectives and auxiliary words being removed. For example, in the description of the silver cup with pointed lotus petals and wild goose patterns: \"flared mouth, slightly outward-turned rim, curved belly expanding outward, trumpet-shaped octagonal high foot ring, with a circular petal hoop at the middle of the foot ring, and a circular tray at the top connecting the cup body. Formed by hammering, flat-chased patterns, gilded decorations, fish-roe ground. The cup body consists of two layers of lotus petals, nine petals per layer, with engraved birds, flowing clouds, trees, and landscapes within each petal. The foot ring tray is engraved with ruyi cloud patterns, while the foot surface is engraved with birds or symmetrical flowers\". In this description, \"flared mouth, slightly outward-turned rim, curved belly expanding outward, trumpet-shaped octagonal high foot ring\" provides a general description of the overall shape of the artifact, followed by \"the cup body consists of two layers of lotus  
Figure 11: Knowledge comparison.  
petals... the foot surface is engraved with birds or symmetrical flowers\", which describes the details of the artifact's shape and explains the connection between the cup body and the foot ring. The silver cup with pointed lotus petals and wild goose patterns has two main components: the cup body and the high foot ring. The cup body features a flared mouth, an outward-turned rim, and an outward-expanding belly, while the high foot ring is trumpet shaped with eight petals and a circular petal hoop, connected to the cup body by a circular tray. The decorations on the cup body and foot ring are also described separately.  
It becomes evident that the textual descriptions of various gold and silver artifacts closely align with the underlying construction logic of knowledge graphs. Important components can be extracted as nodes in the knowledge graph while connection and nesting structures can be extracted as edges (i.e., relationships), with material and excavation information serving as attributes. This structured approach simplifies these texts, making it easier for users to understand the complex knowledge system.