## 1 Introduction  
Mathematics is a crucial subject to students since it is an important foundation for other professional fields such as artificial intelligence and cryptography [1]. Moreover, mathematical concepts and skills are also useful to address life problems [2]. Nevertheless, most mathematical concepts are related. This means that if students can learn basic mathematics well, it can improve their learning performance in learning advanced mathematics in the future [3]. Therefore, mathematics education in primary schools is important to teachers and students. However, several mathematical concepts are abstract to primary students that may possibly cause them to learn mathematics with poor learning motivation and performance [4]. According to the report of trends in international mathematics and science study, the mathematics ability of Taiwanese primary students is better than the international average. However, Taiwanese primary students have poorer learning attitudes towards mathematics education. [PERSON] et al. indicated that mathematics education not only focuses on giving students a basic understanding of mathematical concepts, but also gives students the opportunity to review and apply mathematical concepts as they learn [5]. Moreover,the shift in mathematics education from basic understanding to application has had a significant impact on students' learning motivation and achievement [6]. Therefore, in conventional mathematics education, teachers usually assign exercises to facilitate students to review and apply mathematical concepts they have learned. However, such learning activities may tend to make students less motivated to conduct them [7]. To address this problem, past studies proposed game-based learning approaches, such as board games, to encourage students to review and apply mathematical concepts while playing. [PERSON], [PERSON], and [PERSON] adopted a board game to facilitate students' counting ability [8]. The research result indicated that the approach can enhance students' counting ability and further enhance their mathematical skills. [PERSON], [PERSON], and [PERSON] stated that board games are able to be used by teachers for training students' mathematical skills and problem solving ability in mathematics classes [9]. Moreover, [PERSON] indicated that board games are useful to promote students' interactions and further facilitate their mathematical thinking skills and social ability [10]. Prime factorization is a core unit in primary mathematics education in that it is a critical foundation to further learn algebra or cryptography. However, when students learn about prime factorization, the learning performance of most students, such as learning attitude, learning motivation, and learning achievement, is often not as good [11]. Therefore, board games are one possible approach to improve students' learning performance in prime factorization. Nevertheless, traditional board games still have some possible risks during students' play process. The first is that it is difficult for teachers to monitor each student's play status and assist all students in playing games simultaneously [12]. Second, students may apply wrong concepts or calculate incorrect results unaware while playing games, which may further cause negative effects on mathematics learning [13]. As mentioned above, the aim of this study is to apply a technology-enhanced board game to facilitate primary teachers and students to conduct prime factorization education in traditional mathematics learning environments. The board game is used to support students in reviewing and applying the concepts of prime factorization after learning. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed approach, an experiment was conducted in mathematics classes in a Taiwanese primary school. The remainder of this paper is organized as follows. Section 2 presents the literature review of this study. The architecture and implementation of the board game are introduced in Section 3. The experiment design and result evaluation are shown in Sections 4 and 5.