# Environmental Changes and Cultural Transitions in SW Iberia during the Early-Mid Holocene
## 3 Results
### Palynology  
Four palynological zones were identified in this section of the GeoB235-19-01 core (Figure 5; Table 2). Oakwoods dominate the landscape between _ca_. 10-7 ka BP (Z-1, Z-2, and Z-3), after which _Erica_ type progressively increases (Z-4). Cichoriodeae displays constant but irregular values (Z-1 and Z-4), and the presence of pinewoods, although scarce, is constant through time with a more noticeable presence _ca_. 11.7-10 ka BP (Z-1) and _ca_. 7.6-6.5 ka BP (transition Z3-Z4). \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Zone**} & **Depth Range (cm)** & **Age Range (cal yr BP)** & **Pollen Signature** \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Z-1} & \multirow{4}{*}{354-323} & \multirow{4}{*}{11707-9242} & Dominance of oakwoods (evergreen and deciduous _Quercus_: 17-20\% and \(\sim\)10–16\% respectively) \\  & & & together with Cichoriodeae (17-34\%). _Ola_ (\(\sim\)0-5\%), _Philiprea_ (\(\sim\)4\%), and Chenopodiaceae (5–8\%) slightly increase towards the end of the zone. _Juniperus_ (\(\sim\)4-9\%) Asteroidaeae (5–11\%), and Peaceae (\(\sim\)5–9\%) display discontinuous values. Pinewoods represent \(\sim\)15\% (_Pinus spistris-sigma type_, _Pinus halepensis-princ_ type, _Pinus halepensis-princ_ type, _Pinus pinsuister_: \(\sim\)5\% each). Low \% of _Isotets_ (\(\sim\)4–7\%), and peaks of foraminified linings (\(\sim\)9–19\%). \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Z-2} & \multirow{4}{*}{323-263} & \multirow{4}{*}{9242-8132} & Increase of deciduous and evergreen _Quercus_ (\(\sim\)15-20\% and \(\sim\)17–29\%), together with _Ola_ (3–6\%), _Philiprea_ (3–10\%), and _Juniperus_ (\(\sim\)7–11\%). Slight decrease of Chenopodiaceae (3–10\%) towards the end of the zone. Reduction of Peacee (-1.5\%), Asteroidaeae (4–7\%), and Cichoriodease (7–24\%), the latter with notable peaks. Slight decrease of pinewoods (below 5\% each). Progressive increase of _Isotets_ (\(\sim\)4–13\%) and important increment of foraminiferal linings (\(\sim\)21–33\%). \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Z-3} & \multirow{4}{*}{263-230} & \multirow{4}{*}{8132-7441} & Dominance of oakwoods, with peaks (deciduous: \(\sim\)16–22\%; evergreen: \(\sim\)17-26\%). Visible increase of _Erica_ type (\(\sim\)1–11\%). Decrease of _Ola_ (below 3\%), _Philiprea_ (\(\sim\)1–8\%), Chenopodiaceae (\(\sim\)4–8\%), and Cichoriodease (–7–13\%). _Juniperus_ (\(\sim\)6-12\%), Asteroidae (\(\sim\)4–6\%), and Peaceae (\(\sim\)2–6\%) display similar values. Slight increase of pinewoods (_Pinus spistrisris nigra_ type \(\sim\)2–6\%; _Pinus halepensis-princ_ type \(\sim\)2–9\%; _Pinus pinsuister_ \(\sim\)1–5\%). Increase of _Isotets_ (\(\sim\)15–12\%) and decrease of foraminif  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Zone**} & **Depth Range (cm)** & **Age Range (cal yr BP)** & **Pollen Signature** \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Z-1} & \multirow{4}{*}{354-323} & \multirow{4}{*}{11707-9242} & Dominance of oakwoods (evergreen and deciduous _Quercus_: 17-20\% and \(\sim\)10–16\% respectively) \\  & & & together with Cichoriodeae (17-34\%). _Ola_ (\(\sim\)0-5\%), _Philiprea_ (\(\sim\)4\%), and Chenopodiaceae (5–8\%) \\  & & & slightly increase towards the end of the zone. _Juniperus_ (\(\sim\)4-9\%) Asteroidaeae (5–11\%), and Peaceae (\(\sim\)5–9\%) display discontinuous values. Pinewoods represent \(\sim\)15\% (_Pinus spistris-sigma type_, _Pinus halepensis-princ_ type, _Pinus pinsuister_: \(\sim\)5\% each). Low \% of _Isotets_ (\(\sim\)4–7\%), and peaks of foraminified linings (\(\sim\)9–19\%). \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Z-2} & \multirow{4}{*}{323-263} & \multirow{4}{*}{9242-8132} & Increase of deciduous and evergreen _Quercus_ (\(\sim\)15–20\% and \(\sim\)17–29\%), together with _Ola_ (3–6\%), _Philiprea_ (3–10\%), and _Juniperus_ (\(\sim\)7–11\%). Slight decrease of Chenopodiaceae (3–10\%) towards the end of the zone. Reduction of Peacee (-1.5\%), Asteroidaeae (4–7\%), and Cichoriodease (7–24\%), the latter with notable peaks. Slight decrease of pinewoods (below 5\% each).