## 7 Conclusions  
A significant portion of the world's population uses traditional medicine, and many therapies including plant extracts or their active ingredients. According to recent research and financial investments, medicinal plants will presumably continue to be an essential part of the healthcare system. In this review, pomegranate was highlighted as a potential treatment option for respiratory and gastrointestinal disease. Pomegranate has gained popularity due to the abundant bioactive chemicals and the various secondary metabolites it contains. It has promising biological properties that have been linked to the numerous \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{|p{142.3 pt}|p{142.3 pt}|} \hline
**Diseases** & \multicolumn{2}{c|}{**Effect of Pomegranate**} \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{A Asthma} & Inhibits eosinophils recruitment to bronchoalveolar fluid Reduces the production of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1\(\beta\) and IL-5) Antihistaminic activity \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{COPD} & Reduces emphysematous changes Decreases the expression of inflammatory mediators (IL-1\(\beta\), IL-6 and TNF\(\alpha\)) Reduces the oxidative stress induced by cigarette smoke \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Influenza} & Inhibits the replication of influenza A virus in MDCK cells Inhibits viral RNA replication Inhibits viral internalization and RNA transcription Exhibits a synergistic effect with the anti-influenza drug oseltamivir Blocks the binding ability of S-glycoprotein to ACE-2 receptor Prevents SARS-CoV-2 internalization Inhibits 3 CL protease Shows prophylactic and therapeutic effects in a clinical study \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Lung cancer} & Induces cell cycle arrest at G1 phase via increasing P21 and P27 protein expression Induces apoptosis Decreases expression of snail protein and MMPs leading to inhibition of migration, invasion, and metastasis Inhibits MAPK, PI3K/AKT, and NF-kB pathways \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Colon cancer} & Hinders MAPK signaling Reduces the presence of CYP1 enzymes Inhibits TNF-induced COX-2 protein expression Decreases AKT activity Downregulates cyclins A and B1, resulting in S phase cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis Downregulates \(\beta\)-catenin genes and thus inhibits proliferation and increases apoptosis Hinders the Wnt signaling \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Intestinal Infectious diseases} & Reduces the harmful effects of infection Reduces obesity brought on by high fat diet in rats Reduces the levels of circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines, colonic tissue damage, and colonic tight junction protein expression \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Ulcerative colitis} & Reduces Ki-67 proliferative inde \(\chi\)Reduces the overall number of mast cells, the number of degranulated mast cells, and the density of collagen fibers in the mucosal stroma in the colon \\ \cline{1-1}  & Adjusts the inflammatory infiltrate, as well as the number and distribution of crypts \\ \cline{1-1}  & Decreases the elevated levels of lipid peroxidation Decreases the growth of gastric lesions Suppress NO production by preventing iNOS induction \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Diarrhea} & Decreases intestinal weight and motility Inhibits ileum contractions Reverse the mineral content dysregulation \\ \hline Gut microbiota & Regulates the gut microbiota balance \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Summary of pomegranate’s effect on respiratory and digestive diseases. elements that are found in edible and non-edible parts of the fruit, including antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, and wound-healing activities. Biomedical research should be employed for the assessment of the safety, efficacy, and side effects of pomegranate's compounds. The application of these bioactive ingredients, especially puniscalagin, in the pharmaceutical industry for the development of drugs is of great importance. Enhancing therapeutic effects can be accomplished by studying the cumulative and synergistic effects between pomegranate bioactive molecules and other known drugs.