## 4 Experimental Studies
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multicolumn{1}{c}{\multirow{2}{*}{
\begin{tabular}{} \end{tabular} }} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Lena**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Baboon**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Airplane**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Peperpers**} \\ \cline{2-13}  & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**EC**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**PSNR**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**EC**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**PSNR**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**EC**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**PSNR**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**EC**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**PSNR**} \\ \cline{2-13}  & **(Ratio)** & **PSnr1** & **PSnr2** & **Avg** & **(bits)** & **PSnr1** & **PSnr2** & **Avg** & **(bits)** & **PSnr1** & **PSnr2** & **Avg** & **(bits)** & **PSnr1** & **PSnr2** & **Avg** \\ \hline
10\% & 131,050 & 44.47 & 44.46 & 44.47 & 130,915 & 44.47 & 44.53 & 44.50 & 131,050 & 43.71 & 43.99 & 43.85 & 129,730 & 44.22 & 44.13 & 44.18 \\ \hline
20\% & 262,120 & 41.48 & 41.40 & 41.44 & 261,840 & 41.46 & 41.47 & 41.47 & 262,120 & 40.81 & 41.05 & 40.93 & 259,480 & 41.24 & 41.17 & 41.21 \\ \hline
30\% & 393,195 & 39.75 & 39.65 & 39.70 & 392,770 & 39.70 & 39.68 & 39.69 & 393,195 & 39.04 & 39.28 & 39.16 & 389,235 & 39.53 & 39.52 & 39.53 \\ \hline
40\% & 524,265 & 38.49 & 38.37 & 38.43 & 523,705 & 38.38 & 38.40 & 38.39 & 524,265 & 37.81 & 38.05 & 37.93 & 518,985 & 38.23 & 38.21 & 38.22 \\ \hline
50\% & 655,330 & 37.48 & 37.38 & 37.43 & 654,635 & 37.44 & 37.45 & 37.45 & 655,340 & 36.85 & 37.11 & 36.98 & 648,740 & 37.32 & 37.29 & 37.31 \\ \hline
60\% & 786,400 & 36.68 & 36.62 & 36.65 & 785,570 & 36.65 & 36.68 & 36.67 & 786,410 & 36.08 & 36.33 & 36.21 & 778,490 & 36.59 & 36.55 & 36.57 \\ \hline
70\% & 917,480 & 36.00 & 35.96 & 35.98 & 916,505 & 35.99 & 36.02 & 36.01 & 917,490 & 35.42 & 35.67 & 35.55 & 908,250 & 35.91 & 35.87 & 35.89 \\ \hline
80\% & 1,048,555 & 35.39 & 35.35 & 35.37 & 1,047,440 & 35.42 & 35.44 & 35.43 & 1,048,560 & 34.84 & 35.09 & 34.97 & 1,038,000 & 35.36 & 35.33 & 35.35 \\ \hline
90\% & 1,179,625 & 34.87 & 34.84 & 34.86 & 1,178,370 & 34.90 & 34.91 & 34.91 & 1,179,635 & 34.32 & 34.57 & 34.45 & 1,167,755 & 34.80 & 34.78 & 34.79 \\ \hline
100\% & 1,310,710 & 34.40 & 34.38 & 34.39 & 1,309,315 & 34.48 & 34.50 & 34.49 & 1,310,720 & 33.81 & 34.09 & 33.95 & 1,297,515 & 34.32 & 34.35 & 34.34 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 6: Comparison of embedding capacity and PSNR value of different stego images for \(n=4\). \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multicolumn{1}{c}{\multirow{2}{*}{ \begin{tabular}{} \end{tabular}  }} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Lena**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Baboon**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Airplane**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Peperpers**} \\ \cline{2-13}  & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**EC**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**PSNR**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**EC**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**PSNR**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**EC**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**PSNR**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**EC**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**PSNR**} \\ \cline{2-13}  & **(bits)** & **PSnr1** & **PSnr2** & **Avg** & **(bits)** & **PSnr1** & **PSnr2** & **Avg** & **(bits)** & **PSnr1** & **PSnr2** & **Avg** & **(bits)** & **PSnr1** & **PSnr2** & **Avg** \\ \hline
10\% & 157,218 & 38.46 & 38.46 & 38.46 & 156,570 & 38.49 & 38.52 & 38.51 & 157,098 & 37.86 & 37.99 & 37.93 & 149,052 & 38.49 & 38.45 & 38.47 \\ \hline
20\%  
Table 10 presents the comparison of dual image-based data hiding methods in the literature with the proposed reversible data hiding method. Our proposed reversible data hiding method gives similar results to the methods in the literature. Some studies provide better PSNR values than our proposed method. However, in some of these studies, it has been expressed in related studies that distortions occurred during the obtaining of the original cover image. Even at high payload values, the PSNR values of the two stego images obtained are very close to each other. Although the payload value was 2 bpp, the PSNR value was obtained over 40 (dB). In the study, it was aimed to keep the PSNR value at an acceptable level while performing high embedding capacity.