# Smart Intravenous Infusion Dosing System
## 6 Results and Discussion  
The system for detection, signaling, and regulation of IV infusion flow was developed on the basis of available components. The use of two capacitive sensors allows for the detection of MAX and MIN liquid levels in a plastic IV bottle but provides no data on the amount of liquid between these two sensors. Therefore, the idea is to use one flexible capacitive sensor along the entire bottle instead of two capacitive sensors, allowing for data on the remaining amount of liquid in the IV bottle, all the time, during the infusion drip. In addition, the flexible capacitive sensor enables the detection of liquids regardless of the material and shape of the IV bottle--plastic or glass. It is also suitable for IV plastic bags or urine bags, regardless of the change in the shape of the bag during emptying and filling, respectively. Detection of liquid levels in an IV bottle would work on the same principle. The use of color sensors for liquid color detection in IV bottles is insufficiently reliable due to signal interference as a consequence of changes in ambient light intensity. In addition, the distance between the sensor and the IV bottle significantly affects the reliability of the sensor. Nevertheless, the use of modern color sensors can be extremely useful for the detection of blood in the urine bags in immobile patients, especially in the  
Figure 7: Cloud infrastructure: 1—https; 2—https, representational state transfer (REST) application programming interface (API); 3—EF connection; 4—SQL query; 5—backup database (DB). postoperative days, enabling a quick reaction of the medical staff, which is crucial. For greater reliability of the entire IV dosing system, we suggest the use of another sensor for detecting liquid levels in the IV bottle--a flow sensor, type SMC PF2D504-11-1, which is acceptable in medicine. The monitoring and management of the smart IV infusion dosing system is enabled by creating a client and server web application. By placing the database on the cloud server, the storing of data on all patients and their received IV therapies is enabled even when the internet connection between the hardware part of the system, the server, and the client is interrupted. In such a case the hardware part functions independently, and the data are stored in the microcontroller. After establishing an internet connection, the data are sent to the server and the client, independently. On the basis of the data from the cloud server, we can perform various statistical analyses, such as monitoring the success of therapy or the amount of cytostatics and other medications consumed and make daily, weekly, or monthly review of used IV bottles and other equipment. However, it should be noted that patient data protection is extremely important, and that is why the cloud security infrastructure is configured. A standard industrial valve was used to regulate and stop the flow of IV infusion. However, in order to prevent IV liquid contamination, we recommend the SMC valve from the XT34 series. It should be noted that the regulation of IV infusion flow is of exceptional importance, especially in oncology patients. Depending on the chemotherapy protocol, due to the full effect of the drug, the drip time of only one IV bottle can be prescribed for up to 24 h. Then, continuous dripping of IV infusion, all the time during chemotherapy, is imperative. The manual valve, i.e., roller clamp, which is most often used to regulate the flow of IV infusion, has low reliability and requires constant monitoring and too frequent adjustment of the flow, which is unacceptable. Therefore, on the basis of the defined drip time of the IV infusion (which, for example, the medical staff selects according to the therapy via the display) and the current flow of IV fluid to the patient, the system would automatically regulate the flow to reach the prescribed drip time, which is very important. The smart IV dosing system requires a constant power supply. However, for mobility it is necessary to install batteries to power the hardware.