## 3 Results and Discussion
### Influence of Cataphoretic Deposition and Degreasing Deposition on Coating Characteristics  
Figure 8 depicts the impact of time factors, specifically KTL deposition time and degreasing deposition time, along with concurrent changes in degreasing temperature, on the resulting coating thickness. At a degreasing temperature of 40 \({}^{\circ}\)C, the thickness consistently increases across all displayed time intervals as the deposition time lengthens. The lowest recorded thickness of 17.85 \(\upmu\)m occurred after 13 min of degreasing deposition and 3 min of KTL deposition. From this point, the thickness increased with time, and the graph intersected around 5.3 min. The maximum thickness values were achieved with a 13 min degreasing deposition time, reaching 22.24 \(\upmu\)m after 7 min of KTL deposition. The highest thickness of 18.43 \(\upmu\)m was measured after 3 min of KTL deposition and 3 min of degreasing. At approximately 20.35 \(\upmu\)m, another intersection occurs, and from this point forward, the thickness reaches its minimum values. At 7 min of KTL deposition,  
Figure 7: The effect of KTL deposition time and degreasing temperature on the change of the formed layer at maximum values of the design of experiments methodology. the thickness reaches 21.78 \(\upmu\)m with a degreasing time of 3 min. When the degreasing temperature is increased to 60 \({}^{\circ}\)C, a maximum thickness of 19.44 \(\upmu\)m is observed after 3 min of KTL deposition, corresponding to 13 min of degreasing deposition. The minimum thickness at this point is 16.70 \(\upmu\)m, which was observed after 3 min of degreasing. Thickness increases across all defined degreasing times as deposition time progresses. At 7 min of KTL deposition, the thicknesses converge to a uniform value of approximately 20.91 \(\upmu\)m, representing the maximum thickness achievable under these conditions. At a degreasing temperature of 80 \({}^{\circ}\)C, the minimum thickness of 14.98 \(\upmu\)m occurs after 3 min of degreasing and 3 min of KTL deposition. Increasing thickness is observed for degreasing times of 3, 6, 8, and 10 min. The maximum thickness of 21.03 \(\upmu\)m is reached after 13 min of degreasing and 3 min of KTL deposition. As time increases, this thickness begins to decrease, with an intersection occurring at approximately 19.63 \(\upmu\)m. A degreasing time of 13 min with 7 min of KTL deposition results in a minimum thickness of 19.57 \(\upmu\)m, while the maximum thickness of 20.06 \(\upmu\)m for 7 min of KTL deposition is achieved with 3 min of degreasing. Figure 9 illustrates the impact of deposition time during degreasing and cataphoretic coating at maximum experimental values, along with concurrent changes in degreasing temperature, on the resulting thickness. At a degreasing temperature of 40 \({}^{\circ}\)C, a thickness difference of 0.49 \(\upmu\)m is observed after 3 min of coating. The maximum thickness of 17.88 \(\upmu\)m is achieved with a 13 min deposition time. When the KTL deposition time reaches approximately 3.3 min, a cross-point occurs, where the thickness is about 17.62 \(\upmu\)m. From this point, the maximum thickness is formed during a 3 min deposition. If the KTL process  
Figure 8: The influence of the cataphoretic deposition time and the degreasing deposition time on the change of the created layer at the minimum values of the design of experiments methodology. extends to 7 min, the thickness reaches 20.41 \(\upmu\)m. The results also confirm the conclusions of [PERSON] et al. [37] and [PERSON] et al. [38]. The minimum thickness of 14.36 \(\upmu\)m for the aforementioned KTL process is reached after 13 min of degreasing. The smallest thickness variation of 0.26 \(\upmu\)m throughout the KTL process is observed with an 8 min degreasing deposition time. When the degreasing temperature is raised to 60 \({}^{\circ}\)C, a nearly uniform thickness of 16.54 \(\upmu\)m is reached after 3 min of KTL deposition.