# Secure Data of Industrial Internet of Things in a Cement Factory Based on a Blockchain Technology
## 7 Comparative Performance Analysis
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Author** & **Consensus** & **Blockchain** & **Cryptography** & **Hardware** & **Energy** & **Consuming** & **Security** \\  & **Mechanism** & **Platform** & **Scheme** & **Dependency** & **Efficiency** & **Time** & **Attack** \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [14] & PoW & Consortium & & & & & & \\  & Blockchain & SHA-256 & Yes & No & High & 51\%, and [PERSON] \\ [PERSON] et al. [18] & IBS & Consortium & & & & & & \\ [PERSON] et al. [19] & PoC & Hyperledger & SHA-256 & Yes & Fair & High & 51\% and Sybil \\ [PERSON] et al. [20] & PoW & Ethereum & & & & & & \\  & Blockchain & & & & & & \\ [PERSON] et al. [21] & PBFT & Hyperledger & Local & No & Fair & High & [PERSON] \\  & Fabric v0.6 & Public-Key & No & Fair & High & DDoS \\ [PERSON] et al. [22] & Delegate PoS & Public & Local & No & Fair & Midding & 51\% and [PERSON] \\  & & Blockchain & Public-Key & No & Fair & Midding & 51\% and [PERSON] \\ Our study & PoAh & Private & ECDSA & Yes & Yes & Low & No \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Performance comparison of our study with state-of-the-art. The third criterion is the cryptography used to ensure transactions and user identities, and to secure the data. There are several cryptographic schemes that have been adopted in blockchain applications, such as elliptic curve Diffie-Hellman key exchange (ECDHE) that adopted by the authors of [18], and the authors of [14; 19; 20] used SHA-256, while the authors of [21; 22] adopted on the local public key, as shown in Table 3. There are also other cryptography approaches such as the advanced encryption standard (AES), ECDSA, and identity-based signature (IBS), all of which have certain advantages and disadvantages. We used ECDSA in our scheme due to its low memory requirements and low computational complexity. The hardware dependency is another important criterion that we considered when designing our scheme. Our results from the implementation of ECDSA on an ARM Cortex-M4 show that this was the faster and optimum selection. The fifth criterion is energy consumption, which depends on the type of consensus mechanism and encryption method used. We utilized PoAh, as it is energy efficient in comparison with other consensus algorithms, as discussed above. The sixth criterion represents the time it takes to complete a task, which relates to the performance of the proposed framework and depends on consensus algorithm type, utilizing resources, execution time, and energy efficiency. From experimental results, our framework requires less time than other frameworks. The last criterion of our comparison is the security attacks, in which attackers can exploit the vulnerable points in the system to satisfy their goals. As in Table 3, the authors of [14; 20] used PoW as a consensus algorithm, which is susceptible to 51%, Sybil, balance, and double-spending attacks [11; 35]. The authors of [18] utilized the IBS as a consensus mechanism, which is susceptible to Sybil and DDoS attacks [9]. The authors of [19] adopted PoC, which is also susceptible to 51%, double spending and Sybil attacks [35]. In addition, the authors of [21] utilized the PBFT for the verifying process and this algorithm is exposed to Sybil attacks, while the authors of [22] depend on Delegate PoS, and this algorithm is also vulnerable to 51%, double spending and Sybil attacks [35]. With our architecture, we succeeded in being resistant to all of the aforementioned types of attacks by utilizing the private blockchain, smart contract, ECDSA, lightweight nodes and PoA algorithm. In our experiments, we achieved faster performance with a lower power consumption than other similar frameworks. Our proposed architecture successfully implements a decentralized, secure, energy-efficient, fast and effective blockchain platform for an industrial environment (a cement factory) by combining the advantageous features of the ECDSA, a private blockchain network, and the PoAh consensus mechanism.