# Efficacy of Maximally Expansion with Clear Aligner in the Mixed Dentition: A Systematic Review
## 3 Results
### Study Characteristics
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**References (Authors, Year of Publication)** & **Inclusion Criteria** & & **Exclusion Criteria** & **Type of Outcomes Evaluated** \\ \hline  & - & mixed dentition with & - & Class III malocclusion; & - & Intercanine width \\  & first molars & - & previous & - & First interpremolar width \\  & fully erupted; & - & orthodontic treatment; & - & Second interdeciduous \\  & - & posterior transverse & - & congritudinally missing teeth; & molar width \\  & discrepancy \(\leq\) 5 mm; & - & disturbance syndrome of & - & First interpromolar width \\  & - & mild or & & the temporomandibular & - & First interpromolar width \\  & moderate crowding; & joint; & - & Arch depth \\  & - & prepubertal stage of & - & cleft lip and palate; & - & Arch perimeter \\  & development (CS1–CS3 & - & use of additional & - & Intercanine/interpolar \\  & in cervical & & orthodontic devices & - & dentoulveolar width \\  & vertebral maturation) & & during the & - & Inclination of the molars \\  & - & European ancestry & & & \\  & - & Posterior transverse & - & Multiple and/or & - & Intercanine width (III-III) \\  & discrepancy between & & advanced caries & - & First (IV-IV) and second (V–V) \\  & maxillary and & - & Tooth agenesis & & interdeciduous molar width \\
**[PERSON] et al., 2023**[27] & & mandibular arches up & - & Supernumerary teeth & - & First intermolar mesial (6–6 \\  & to 6 mm & - & Cleft lip and/or palate & & mesial cusps), distal (6–6 \\  & - & Mixed dentition stage & - & Periodontal diseases & distal cusps), and transpalatal \\  & - & Presence of first molars & & & (6–6 transpalatal) width \\  & - & Good compliance & & & \\ \hline  & & - & Periodontal, dental, or & - & Maximillary dental arch width \\  & - & 6–10 years old with & & systemic disease that can & (The landmarks used to \\  & palatal malocclusion & & affect tooth movement & & perform the measurements: \\ [PERSON] et al., & requiring & - & Orofacial malformations & & mesiopalat cusp tip of the \\
2023 [30] & & orthodontic treatment; & or syndromes & & temporary and permanent \\  & - & First permanent molars & - & Patients requiring an & \\  & fully erupted & & auxiliary treatment during & & \\  & & & the arch expansion stage. & & temporary and \\  & & & & - & Expansion efficiency \\ \hline  & - & 6–12 years old & & - & Canine gingival and dental \\  & - & Mixed dentition & - & Previous orthodontic & width \\  & - & Hxried maxillary & & treatment & - & First and second deciduous \\  & - & Erupted maxillary & - & Presence of & molar gingival width \\  & first molars & & complex malocclusion & - & First permanent molar \\
**[PERSON] et al., 2021**[7] & - & Planned arch expansion & - & Presence of craniofacial & & gingival and dental width \\  & to be performed with & & abnormalities & - & First and second deciduous \\  & - & IF treatment & & or syndromes. & & molar dental width \\  & - & Adequate & - & Extraction cases & - & Arch perimeter \\  & & & & - & Arch depth \\  & & & & - & - & Intermolar angle \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Characteristics of studies. N.R. : not reported; IF: Invisalign® First; RME: rapid maxillary; expander, NG: natural growth.