## 1 Impact of Magnetic-Pulse and Chemical-Thermal Treatment on Alloyed Steels' Surface Layer
In the case of implanting the layers with significant thickness, these disadvantages are especially evident. Laser doping [22], electro-erosive alloying [23] and plasma doping [24] are also common. Laser surface hardening realized by highly concentrated radiation is focused on a small area (fractions in a range of 1-10 mm) [25]. This treatment method hardens tools including high-speed steel, hard alloys, and ceramics. However, the hardening of the material's surface layer by changing its structure and chemical composition is reached at a shallow depth (up to 80 um). There are disadvantages of electron-beam processing: the need for protection from X-radiation at voltages above 20 kV; relatively high cost; relative complexity of the technological equipment. One of the most effective ways for ensuring an optimal mix of \"strength-ductility\" cutting tool materials are the wear-resistant coatings methods, high-temperature techniques (HT), and chemical vapor deposition (CVD), physical vapor deposition (PVD), electrolytic method, gas-thermal spraying, and welding [26]. The CVD process is generally based on heterogeneous chemical reactions at the vapor-gas medium surrounding the cutting tools. As a result, a durable coating is obtained [27]. Coatings of refractory compounds by deposition from the gas phase are based on the recovery of volatile compounds of metals with hydrogen in the presence of the gas mixture's active components. These interact with the released components which are free of metal and form the corresponding refractory compound. The HT-CVD process is realized at relatively high temperatures (up to 1100 \({}^{\circ}\)C). Such temperatures exclude this method for tools made of high-speed steel. However, the application of coatings on carbide tools heated to such high temperatures often adversely affects their operation. Carbide tools with CVD-coatings have an increased tendency to brittle fractures and chipping. This fact is particularly evident in interrupted cutting when cyclic loading is applied, e.g., in processing difficult-to-machine alloys with large shear layer thicknesses. The coating cannot resist the cyclic loads because the thickness usually does not exceed 3-5 \(\upmu\)m (i.e., while turning, this value may reach 15 \(\upmu\)m). The main direction of improving hard alloy with CVD-coating is to reduce the surface layer's fragility. The MT-CVD technology is also unable to solve this problem. The magnitude of the tensile stress in the surface layer of the coatings is slightly lower than that obtained by a high-temperature CVD method. However, it is still sufficient to lead to nucleation cracks. When using the PA-CVD coating on the tool, chemical reactions in the gas phase are formed when exposed to a plasma of gas past a high-frequency electric discharge [28]. Compared with the CVD, the main advantages of the PA-CVD process are the fact that there is no need to heat the tool based on high temperatures (up to 600 \({}^{\circ}\)C) and the high strength of the adhesive bond for the coating and tool's basis. Simultaneously, controlling the PA-CVD processes is often quite complicated. This method's deposition of pure materials is impossible since the sediment retains almost all required gases. Another disadvantage is the strong interaction of the plasma with the growing film. A high deposition rate leads to the poor control of the homogeneity and requires careful debugging of the reaction setup. The methods considered above to improve the wear resistance of cutting tools and machine parts can be used as the combined hardening treatment. However, the production found the use of only some of them, such as wear-resistant coatings [29], laser processing [30], ion nitriding [31], wear-resistant coatings [32], laser alloying [33], nitriding [34], and cryogenic-erosion processing [35]. Thus, traditional methods for processing machine parts and tools have many outstanding issues. Mainly, these do not provide sufficient hardened layer thickness, require lengthy processes, are hard to use, and are energy-consuming.