# A Review on Standardizing Electric Vehicles Community Charging Service Operator Infrastructure
## 4 Charging Type
### Wireless Charging: Charging Type
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline
**Charging Standards** & **Description** & **Charging Level** & **Charging Time (hour (h))** & **Type of EV** & **Voltage (V)** \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{SAEJ1772} & Society of Automotive & \multirow{2}{*}{Level 1, Level 2, Level 3} & \multirow{2}{*}{4–7 h, 2–3 h, 0.5 h} & \multirow{2}{*}{2W, 3W} & \multirow{2}{*}{120 V, 240 V, 450 V} \\  & Engineers EV charging & & & & \\  & standard & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{CHADEMO} & Charging standard & \multirow{2}{*}{Level 3} & \multirow{2}{*}{0.5–1 h} & \multirow{2}{*}{4W} & \multirow{2}{*}{480 V} \\  & developed by the japan for & & & & \\  & EV fast DC charging & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{CCS Combo 1} & Charging standard & \multirow{2}{*}{Level 3} & \multirow{2}{*}{0.4–1 h} & \multirow{2}{*}{4W} & \multirow{2}{*}{600 V} \\  & developed by Society of & & & & \\  & Automotive Engineers & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{CCS Combo 2} & Charging standard & \multirow{2}{*}{Level 3} & \multirow{2}{*}{0.4–1 h} & \multirow{2}{*}{4W} & \multirow{2}{*}{1000 V} \\  & developed by Society of & & & & \\  & Automotive Engineers & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Type-2 AC} & EV charging standard & \multirow{2}{*}{Level 1, Level 2, Level 3} & \multirow{2}{*}{8–9 h, 4–5 h, 3 h} & \multirow{2}{*}{2W, 3W, 4W} & \multirow{2}{*}{120 V, 240 V, 410 V} \\  & specified by IEC 62196 & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Bharat AC-001} & EV slow charging standard & \multirow{2}{*}{Level 1, Level 2, Level 3} & \multirow{2}{*}{8 h, 5 h, 4 h} & \multirow{2}{*}{2W, 3W, 4W} & \multirow{2}{*}{100 V, 110 V, 415 V} \\  & developed by IEC 62196 & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Bharat DC-001} & EV fast charging standard & \multirow{2}{*}{Level 1, Level 2, Level 3} & \multirow{2}{*}{5 h, 4.5 h, 4 h} & \multirow{2}{*}{2W, 3W, 4W} & \multirow{2}{*}{72 V, 48 V, 30 V} \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Comparative analysis of various EV charging standards based on the charging level, charging time, voltage, and types of vehicle [46, 48, 52, 67]. EVs. However, they considered an LC/S compensation network to obtain an accuracy of 91.9% with a full-load condition. * Dynamic wireless charging Stationary wireless charging involves a longer charging period as passengers belonging to a community have to wait or stop at a particular location to charge their vehicles. It can also cause interruptions to their travelling schedule. Dynamic wireless charging mitigates the charging time issues by enabling the charging of EVs while they are in motion so that they can travel to their destination without any delay, thereby extending the driving range of EVs [87]. The dynamic wireless charging EV, i.e., the online EV, was first developed by the Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST, South Korea) [88]. Later, the authors of [89] improved the proposed online EV [88] in terms of efficiency and power supply. A dynamic wireless charging structure involves EV charging in which electrical energy is transferred via the wireless charger installed beneath the underground road surface. Now, the electrical energy can be transmitted utilizing the resonant inductive power transfer (RIPT) between primary coils embedded underneath the road and secondary coils attached at the bottom of the EV [90]. However, despite the ease of dynamic EV charging in transit, such a system has a complex architecture, deployment, privacy, and cost issues which have been discussed by many researchers. For example, [PERSON] et al. [91] investigated dynamic wireless charging for private EVs. They studied an optimization policy to optimize the profit for EVs and to balance the powered grid. The results of their research work indicate an increase in efficiency of 90% and a reduction in cost of 50%. However, they did not consider the important aspect of the maximized utility and security of the system. Conversely, [PERSON] et al. [92] addressed the security and privacy issues in dynamic wireless charging for EVs in Vehicular Energy Networks.