# Development of Heart Simulator and Analysis of Valve Dysfunction in Tricuspid Regularization
## 3 Results
### Second Scenario--Heart 2 with Pivot-TR  
Heart 2 with Pivot-TR, as in Figure 15, was subjected to experimentation following the confirmation of the reproducibility of results of Heart 1 and Heart 2 without the Pivot-TR device; the difference in peak pressure values was revealed in the spectrum analysis between the normal and abnormal phases in Table 1. The 'Dominant Pressure' data shown in Table 1 were generated based on settings established by the simulator, while the 'Peak Pressure' values are simulated results induced by simulator and TRG settings. The main objective was to assess the extent to which Pivot-TR, when installed on the TV of a porcine heart, could alleviate the manifestation of TR. Unlike the previously observed conditions in Heart 1 and Heart 2 experiments where TR was evident, the presence of Pivot-TR significantly attenuated these conditions. As depicted in Figures 16 and 17, the functionality of the TV consistently remained in the normal phase throughout.  
Figure 14: Spectrum cross-section of abnormal phase of Heart 2.  
Figure 13: Spectrum cross-section of normal phase of Heart 2.  
Figure 16: Heart simulation experiment result of Heart 2 with membrane structure.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Heart** & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Normal Phase**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Abnormal Phase**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Mixed Phase**} \\
**Scenario** & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Peak**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Peak**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Peak**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Peak**} \\
**Dominant** & **Pressure** & **Pressure** & **Dominant** & **Pressure** & **Pressure** & **Dominant** & **Pressure** \\
**Pressure** & **in Frequency** & **Domain** & **Pressure** & **in Frequency** & **Domain** & **Pressure** & **in Frequency** \\ \hline Heart 1 & 800 mmHg & 2.4 mmHg & 820 mmHg & 25.1 mmHg & N/A & \\ \hline Heart 2 & \multirow{2}{*}{790 mmHg} & \multirow{2}{*}{5.2 mmHg} & \multirow{2}{*}{820 mmHg} & \multirow{2}{*}{38.4 mmHg} & \multirow{2}{*}{800 mmHg} & \multirow{2}{*}{25.3 mmHg} \\ without Pivot-TR & & & & & & \\ \hline Heart 2 & \multirow{2}{*}{800 mmHg} & \multirow{2}{*}{4.7 mmHg} & \multirow{2}{*}{N/A} & \multirow{2}{*}{N/A} & \multirow{2}{*}{N/A} \\ with Pivot-TR & & & & & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 1: Pressure value for each heart scenario and each phase.  
Figure 15: Endoscopic image of Heart 2 with Pivot-TR (valve open, normal valve closed).  
Upon comparing the two scenarios of Heart 2, especially within the 50-100 bpm range, the amplitude was observed to be merely 10% in the second scenario (Figure 17) compared to that in the first (Figure 14). This suggests that Pivot-TR operates similarly to a low-pass filter, attenuating the blood pressure oscillations occurring in the RA and RV.  
This significant attenuation in amplitude is compelling evidence that the Pivot-TR functions analogously to a low-pass filter in mitigating the blood pressure variations originating from the RA and RV.  
In essence, these results demonstrate Pivot-TR's capacity to serve as an effective intervention, acting like a low-pass filter, to reduce the manifestations of TR in porcine hearts. This highlights its potential as a promising solution for addressing TR-related cardiac research and treatment issues.