# Analytical Investigation of a Novel System for Combined Dew Point Cooling and Water Recovery
## 1 Introduction  
The growing demand for cooling and drinking water has become a global issue in recent years [1, 2]. It is expected that the energy demand for cooling in the building sector will more than triple by 2050, if appropriate energy efficiency measures are not taken [3]. By 2050, global water withdrawals for domestic and industrial sectors are also projected to increase by around 100% compared to the present [4]. The highest ratio of water stress is noted across the Middle East, North Africa, South Asia, and Southeast of North America [2]. These regions are located in the desert and semi-arid climatic zones where, in addition to high water stress, there is also a high energy demand for cooling purposes. In order to meet these demands, new highly efficient technologies are sought for cooling and drinking water production. The most popular methods for drinking water production are membrane methods, including reverse osmosis (RO) and electrodialysis (ED). Thermal methods for drinking water production are multi-effect distillation (MED), multistage flash distillation (MSF), and mechanical or thermal vapor compression [5]. Other evolving technologies for water production are membrane distillation (MD), forward osmosis (FO), humidificationdehumidification (HDH), capacitance deionization (CDI), freezing, gas hydrates (GH), or ultra-, nano- and ionic filtration [6]. Existing methods for drinking water production are considered highly energy-consuming. The most popular method for drinking water production is RO, which is run by electricity and consumes 4-6 kWh/m\({}^{3}\). Thermal methods (e.g., MSF or MED) consume less electricity, but they require significant heat input (up to 20 kWh/m\({}^{3}\) of the electrical energy equivalent of thermal energy consumption) [5]. Due to this fact, recent studies focus mostly on reducing energy consumption or using renewable energy sources to facilitate water production processes. [PERSON] et al. [7] proposed a membrane (RO) and thermal (MSF) water recovery system for desalination purposes. The aim of this study was to reduce the MSF scale, improve the RO efficiency, and reduce the cost of desalted water production. [PERSON] et al. [8] described a hybrid MED and adsorption desalination (AD) system that was installed at the King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (Saudi Arabia). It was found that the total water production and the efficiency ratio of the MED-AD system were 3-5 times higher than those of the stand-alone MED system. [PERSON] et al. [9] proposed an ED system coupled with a hybrid photovoltaic/wind energy source. The conducted simulation proved that the ED system could be coupled with highly nonconstant power sources and can additionally serve as an energy buffer device in freshwater production systems. [PERSON] et al. [10] presented an experimental study of a novel GH desalination system. It was found that the GH system showed a satisfactory desalination efficiency and could be used for water recovery from seawater. [PERSON] et al. [11] discussed whether FO, MD, and CDI could potentially substitute the most popular RO methods for water recovery. It was stated that these technologies offered significant advantages over RO, such as higher salt rejection, higher water recovery, ability to use low-grade energy, and a less extensive pre-treatment process. In recent years, many studies focused on combining water recovery and cooling processes. [PERSON] et al. proposed a combined two-stage desalination and cooling plant [12]. The authors proposed a system that consisted of a two-stage HDH desalination system extended with a single-effect vapor absorption refrigeration (VAR) plant. Additionally, a solar flat-plate collector and concentrating collectors were used to produce heat for the desalination process. A combination of HDH and VAR resulted in an increased yield of desalinated water and a high-energy utilization factor (EUF for HDH-VAR cycle and plant was 0.58 and 0.33, respectively). [PERSON] et al.