# Moving Ad Hoc Networks--A Comparative Study
## 3 Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks (VANET)  
Media players, Global Positioning Systems (GPS), smartphones, and Bluetooth are some of the networks that allow intravehicular wireless communication between electronic \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**Reference** & **Major Contribution** & **Year** \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{MANET} & \multirow{4}{*}{[1]} & A survey on the performance of different routing protocols under Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) congestion control algorithms in MANET. & 2020 \\ \cline{2-3}  & & A survey on different types of attacks and security issues to MANET layers, & 2019 \\ \cline{2-3}  & & MANET topology & 2021 \\ \cline{2-3}  & & A survey summarizes existing excellent research to defog uncertainties regarding the practical implementation of MANETs & 2021 \\ \cline{2-3}  & [4] & A survey of the use of mobility management systems analyzes the existing integrating of MANET with the internet. & 2020 \\ \cline{2-3}  & [5] & A Survey on Power-Aware Optimization Solutions and design challenges for MANETs & 2020 \\ \cline{2-3}  & [6] & A survey of the main types of attack at the network layer, protection mechanisms, detection algorithms in MANET & 2013 \\ \cline{2-3}  & [7] & A survey of various techniques to solve the problem of energy efficiency and load balancing in MANET. & 2020 \\ \cline{2-3}  & [8] & Comparative survey of security issues of MANET and the various methods, and prevent major attacks in MANET & 2019 \\ \cline{2-3}  & [9] & Survey of Secure Routing Protocols for Wireless Ad Hoc Networks & 2020 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Summary of the existing surveys in MANET. Figure 4: MANET routing protocol classification diagram. gadgets and vehicles in most modern cars. However, the vehicle's communications network is not yet available. Vehicular ad hoc network technology is emerging to provide inter-vehicular communication VANET is interpreted as a part of MANET, with the following differences: the nodes that you can use here are vehicles. Consequently, the movement of nodes, i.e., the movement of the vehicle, is restricted. However, VANET supports some fixed infrastructure. Due to its limitations, this infrastructure can support some VANET services and provide fixed network access. (a) Architecture of VANETs. The VANET network may be deployed by communication operators, content service providers or government agencies, and jointly deployed by them to form a wireless communication network with a hybrid architecture. According to the definition of the European Car Communication Consortium (C2C-CC), the VANET architecture has been extended to a wider range, divided into in-vehicle communication (the in-vehicle domain), workshop communication (the ad-hoc domain) and vehicle-to-road communication (the infrastructure domain). In-vehicle communication (In-vehicle) is the communication between the On-Board Unit (OBU) and the user terminal. The user terminal can be a specific device, or a virtual module integrated into the OBU. The connection mode can be wired or wireless. Workshop communication (ad-hoc domain) includes communication between OBUs (V2V), and communication between OBUs and RSUs (V2R) (Figure 5). The communication mode can be single-hop or multi-hop. Vehicle-to-road communication (the infrastructure domain) with Dedicated Short-Range Communication (DSRC) [10] is the communication between the OBU, RSU and infrastructure, such as satellites, Hot Spots, 3G and 4G, etc., to complete the function of accessing the Internet. For RSU, the connection can be wired [11]. In terms of standardization, DSRC is a technical standard developed for ITS mainly in the field of ITS (such as electronic toll collection systems, ETC). The International Organization for Standardization Intelligent Transportation System Committee ISO/TC204 is responsible for the formulation of DSRC international standards. There are three major camps in the international DSRC standard formulation: Europe, the United States, and Japan [12].