# DTV Essential Hidden Area Decoder for DTV Broadcasting
## 2 The Conventional DEHA Analysis  
### DTV Essential Hidden Area (DEHA)  
Digital Television (DTV) broadcasting systems, such as ISDB, ATSC, and DVB, utilize the H.262 and H.264 video codecs for delivering High Definition (HD) content [14; 15] investigates the advancement of high-capacity transmission technologies for the future digital terrestrial television broadcasting system, where the authors achieved successful experiments involving 8K transmission and mobile reception via advanced modulation and Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) technologies. This paper presents an overview of the advanced Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting-Terrestrial (ISDB-T) transmission system and its performance. The research is part of a program supported by the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications. The Full HDTV videos have 1080 scan lines and are 1920 pixels wide. The authors in [16] focused on versatile video encoding standard, which offers significantly improved performance compared to High-efficiency coding (HEVC). However, due to the MPEG full HD video format's requirement that the number of coded pixels be divisible by 16, 1080-line videos are encoded with 1920 \(\times\) 1088 pixel frames, with the last eight lines discarded before display. These hidden lines form the DTV Essential Hidden Area (DEHA) and are crucial for accurate decoding, the synchronization of related services, and maintaining video quality. By intelligently utilizing the DEHA, broadcasters can optimize video compression, enhance system performance, and enable adaptive streaming capabilities. Table 1 showcases the dimensions of the DEHA for different video resolutions, highlighting its expansion as video quality increases. The DTV Essential Hidden Area (DEHA) plays a critical role in the encoding and decoding process of video content in 4K and 8K UHD standards, such as H.265. As demonstrated in Table 1 and Figure 1, the DEHA consists of an additional 8, 16, or 32 lines, which are created by padding the bottom of the active video source. This padding is necessary for the optimal functioning of the encoder, stream, and decoder. In modern MPEG-2/4/H reference encoders, the DEHA is padded with the last line signal of the input video, improving video quality compared to earlier hardware encoders that used white, gray, or black bars for padding. Figure 1a illustrates the current practice of padding the DEHA with the last line signal, while Figure 1b,c depict the previous approach of using bars for padding. Though there may be subtle differences in video quality between DEHA modes, these differences are considered negligible. The MPEG-2/4/H reference software recommends using the last line signal of the input video for the conventional reference mode DEHA. Despite its significance in the encoding/decoding process, the DEHA is presently viewed as redundant in terms of channel utilization and storage efficiency. Hence, the focus of this research is to explore methods of effectively utilizing the DEHA, an area that has not been extensively studied thus far. In real-world scenarios, the full HDTV video source employs black or white bars or repetition of the last line of the content to pad the extra eight lines at the bottom of the display in real-time hardware encoders. Figure 2 presents an analysis of the conventional DEHA using a proposed decoder for terrestrial and internet HDTV broadcasting systems. In both cases, the DEHA is formed by duplicating the last line of the content. The authors in [17] proposed the flexible fast-adaptive Successive Cancellation List (SCL) decoder with polar nodes for digital video broadcasting to improve the latency and throughput.