# A Lesson for the Future: Will You Let Me Violate Your Privacy to Save Your Life?
## 2 Related Work
### Public Opinion on Contact Tracing Applications  
Although many contact tracing applications were implemented to facilitate and expedite the case investigation process, the adoption was considerably low. Studies [2] show that the adoption rate is a significant measure to contain the spread of COVID-19. However, several discouragements, including privacy and security risks, dissuaded individuals from utilizing these technologies.  
[PERSON] et al. [16] studied Americans' willingness to install CTAs after informing them about primary CTAs' architectural designs (e.g., centralized and decentralized). Contrary to previous studies, their results demonstrate that most participants preferred installing centralized CTAs apps. Furthermore, their results indicate that contact tracing apps that use a centralized architecture with solid security protection and provide users with other helpful information, such as hotspots of infection in public places, may achieve a high adoption rate in the U.S.  
[PERSON] et al. [17] also conducted the same study in Ireland. They explored public opinion about the Irish CTA, \"COVID Tracker\". The study shows a willingness to put up with a certain amount of inconvenience for the greater good. To improve adoption rate and usefulness, they suggest providing evidence and informing the public about the impact of contact tracing applications.  
[PERSON] et al. [4] also studied public opinion regarding contact tracing applications in another study. They focused on the privacy aspect of the CTAs and ran a seven-month online survey. They argued that public opinion is largely stable over time, and users have  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Name** & **Country** & **Architecture** & **Technology** \\ \hline TraceTogether & Singapore & Hybrid & Bluetooth \\ \hline Alipay Health & China & Centralized & GPS \\ \hline Corona 100 m & S. Korea & Centralized & GPS \\ \hline Hamagen & Israel & Decentralized & GPS \\ \hline COVID Safe & Australia & Hybrid & Bluetooth \\ \hline Stopp Corona & Austria & Decentralized & Bluetooth \\ \hline COVID Watch & USA & Hybrid & Bluetooth \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 1: A short list of Contact Tracing Apps.  
significant and diverse privacy concerns about CTAs. They suggest considering user values and concerns in the CTA development process to achieve a higher level of user cooperation.  
[PERSON] et al. [5] examines public perceptions and acceptance of COVID-19 Contact Tracing Apps (CTAs) in China, Germany, and the United States. The study finds that acceptance rates vary among the countries, with China having the highest acceptance rate and Germany and the United States having lower rates. Factors influencing acceptance include perceived effectiveness of the apps, previous experience with CTAs and health apps, privacy concerns, and trust in the state. The study suggests that, while China's high acceptance can be attributed to the mandatory nature of CTAs, acceptance in Germany and the US is influenced by the perceived usefulness and concerns about privacy and surveillance.  
[PERSON] et al. [6] also believe that the CTA adoption rate is heavily influenced by moral reasoning. Their results indicated insufficient knowledge about contact tracing apps, and privacy concerns were the most significant reasons preventing individuals from adopting CTAs.  
Most of the conducted studies [4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 18] show that privacy concerns and lack of knowledge about contact tracing apps were the primary reasons that discouraged individuals from adopting CTAs.