## 3 Results
For the knee joint, statistically significant differences apply to the entire gait cycle,  
Figure 5: The means and standard deviations of the joint angles curves for the gait cycle of the affected limb (pink), the gait cycle of the reactive limb (blue), and the gait cycle without impairment (green). A gray area represents regions where statistically significant differences exist between the two groups of curves. The SPM(t) statistic as a function of the gait cycle is located on the right axis, with the critical threshold (t) values marked. The areas highlighted in gray show the ranges where statistically significant differences are present. Positive values indicate ankle dorsifiexion (df) and knee/ hip flexion (flx), respectively. Negative values indicate ankle plantar flexion (pf), and knee/ hip extension (ext), respectively. excluding the initial contact phase (0% to 2%). For the hip joint, differences are present for the whole gait cycle, excluding the phase from 42% to 65%. Similar to the kinematic parameters, the kinetic parameters were summarized (Figure 6). When considering the comparison of curves for the affected limb and the reactive limb, it is noticeable that, for the ankle joint, the differences were statistically significant for the range of 46-79% of the gait cycle. For the knee joint, the differences were in the initial contact phase and in the intervals 25-47% and 82-87% of the gait cycle. For the hip joint, significant differences were recorded in the middle phase of the gait cycle, at 11-71%. Moving to a comparison of the curves for the perturbed limb with those for the treadmill gait, it is noticeable that for each of the joints, statistically significant differences occur for the entire gait cycle. Considering the final comparison of the curves for the limb responding to the perturbation with those for the treadmill gait, it is clear that for both the knee and the hip joints, statistically significant differences are present for the entire gait cycle, excluding at 0-6% and 70-80% of the gait cycle. For the ankle joint, differences do not exist only for the ranges of 66-82% and 84-92% of the gait cycle. Differences Between the Extreme Values and Ranges for the Perturbed Limb, the Responding Limb, and the Unperturbed Limb  
The previous chapter showed that the kinematic and kinetic parameters for the perturbed limb, the limb containing the response to the perturbation, and the treadmill gait differ, resulting in possibly completely different muscle force distributions. This chapter examines the extreme values and ranges of motion (Table 3) to determine whether the musculoskeletal system undergoes a significant overload during perturbation and the associated response. A one-way ANOVA revealed a significant effect of the group (perturbed limb, responding limb, and unperturbed limb) on the extreme values and the  
Figure 6: The means and standard deviations of the joint-torque curves for the gait cycle of the affected limb (pink), the reactive limb (blue), and the gait cycle without impairment (green). A gray area represents regions where statistically significant differences exist between the two groups of curves. The SPM[t] statistic as a function of the gait cycle is located on the right axis, with the critical threshold (t) values marked. The areas highlighted in gray show the ranges where statistically significant differences are present. Positive values indicate ankle dorsiflexion (df) and knee/hip flexion (flx), respectively. Negative values indicate ankle plantarflexion (pf) and knee/hip extension (ext), respectively. ranges of the kinematic (F(12, 110) = 64.054, \(p\) = 0.0001, \(\eta_{p}^{2}\) = 0.87) and kinetic parameters (F(14, 108) = 388.489, \(p\) = 0.0001, \(\eta_{p}^{2}\) = 0.98). When analyzing the kinematic values, statistically significant differences were observed in the ankle plantar flexion and range of motion between the perturbed limb and the responding leg, as well as between the perturbed limb and the treadmill gait.