# Are Torque-Driven Simulation Models of Human Movement Limited by an Assumption of Monoarticularity?
## 3 Results  
The two-joint (TJ) model was able to match both the measured squat and countermovement jump performances better than the single-joint (S) model (Tables 4-7). \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**(a) S]** & **P0 [s]** & **TR3 [s]** & **A2** & **A3** & **strain at peak isometric torque** \\ \hline dorsi flexor & 3.825 & 1.724 & 0.044 & 0.026 & 0.051 \\ plantar flexor & 3.832 & 1.205 & 0.840 & 0.347 & 0.041 \\ knee extensor & 3.537 & 0.605 & 0.291 & 0.251 & 0.070 \\ knee flexor & 3.785 & 2.134 & 0.053 & 0.113 & 0.048 \\ hip flexor & 3.732 & 2.637 & 0.115 & 0.248 & 0.065 \\ hip extensor & 4.199 & 1.975 & 0.918 & 0.957 & 0.057 \\ shoulder flexor & 3.828 & 3.861 & 0.591 & 0.467 & 0.044 \\ shoulder extensor & 4.410 & 2.146 & 0.086 & 0.290 & 0.074 \\ MTP & 3.499 & 2.711 & 0.036 & 0.760 & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: Matching parameter values for the squat jump, (a) SJ and (b) TJ. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**(b) TJ** & **P0 [s]** & **TR3 [s]** & **A2** & **A3** &
\begin{tabular}{c} **strain at peak** \\ **isometric torque** \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline dorsi flexor & 3.603 & 1.120 & 0.778 & 0.216 & 0.064 \\ plantar flexor (mono) & 3.791 & 0.172 & 0.536 & 0.862 & 0.067 \\ plantar flexor (buart) & 3.455 & 0.834 & 0.050 & 0.938 & 0.067 \({}^{*}\) \\ knee extensor (mono) & 3.491 & 1.945 & 0.382 & 0.612 & 0.053 \\ knee extensor (buart) & 4.443 & 1.592 & 0.946 & 0.274 & 0.053 \({}^{*}\) \\ knee flexor (mono) & 3.308 & 1.395 & 0.103 & 0.286 & 0.064 \\ knee flexor (buart) & 3.447 & 3.621 & 0.822 & 0.945 & 0.064 \({}^{*}\) \\ hip flexor (mono) & 3.458 & 0.400 & 0.018 & 0.077 & 0.045 \\ hip extensor (mono) & 4.337 & 0.775 & 0.961 & 0.623 & 0.048 \\ shoulder flexor & 4.162 & 2.707 & 0.838 & 0.170 & 0.066 \\ shoulder extensor & 3.961 & 3.741 & 0.105 & 0.310 & 0.041 \\ MTP & 3.823 & 0.969 & 0.015 & 0.200 & \\ \hline MTP (stiffness 600 Nm\(\cdot\)rad\({}^{-1}\), damping 3.48 Nms\(\cdot\)rad\({}^{-1}\), natural angle 2.33 rad), trunk angular velocity \(-0.065\) rad\(\cdot\)s\({}^{-1}\), \({}^{*}\) as for the monoarticular component \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: _Cont._ \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**(a) SJ** & **P0** & **P1** & **P2** & **TR1** & **TR2** & **TR3** & **A0** & **A1** & **A2** & **A3** \\  & **[s]** & **[s]** & **[s]** & **[s]** & **[s]** & **[s]** & **[s]** & **[s]** & **[s]** & **[s]** \\ \hline dorsi flexor & 2.600 & 0.690 & 0.471 & 4.045 & 3.395 & 2.804 & 0.180 & 0.018 & 0.790 & 0.790 \\ plantar flexor & 2.600 & 0.035 & 0.134 & 0.365 & 0.142 & 2.498 & 0.195 & 0.266 & 0.931 & 0.931 \\ knee extensor & 2.600 & 0.003 & 0.496 & 1.728 & 0.050 & 1.368 & 0.780 & 0.186 & 0.691 & 0.691 \\ knee flexor & 2.600 & 0.167 & 0.246 & 0.919 & 0.642 & 0.795 & 0.431 & 0.199 & 0.806 & 0.806 \\ hip flexor & 2.600 & 0.053 & 0.092 & 1.395 & 0.151 & 1.607 & 0.685 & 0.963 & 0.010 & 0.010 \\ hip extensor & 2.600 & 0.026 & 0.421 & 1.205 & 0.199 & 1.450 & 0.948 & 0.199 & 0.889 & 0.889 \\ shoulder flexor & 2.600 & 0.813 & 0.689 & 0.611 & 1.588 & 0.088 & 0.086 & 0.998 & 0.229 & 0.229 \\ shoulder extensor & 2.600 & 0.021 & 0.627 & 1.557 & 0.063 & 1.172 & 0.819 & 0.353 & 0.010 & 0.010 \\ MTP & 2.600 & 0.923 & 0.516 & 0.690 & 0.801 & 0.760 & 0.249 & 0.532 & 0.010 & 0.010 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 5: Matching parameter values for the countermovement jump descent, (a) SJ and (b) TJ.