## 4 Discussions  
The integration of microneedle technology, wearable electronics, and AI signifies a substantial transformation in contemporary healthcare, providing innovative avenues for identifying, treating, and monitoring diseases. When incorporated into wearable devices,microneedles, renowned for their minimally invasive characteristics, become a viable instrument for drug delivery, biomarker detection, and patient monitoring. This approach can transform personalised medicine by offering patients immediate, accurate, and individualised insights. This paper underscores the requirement for ongoing innovation, the establishment of solid digital infrastructures, and the need to create a conducive atmosphere for the long-term incorporation of these advancements. In the post-COVID era, combining technical advancement and personalised healthcare can significantly optimise patient outcomes, enhance quality of life, and transform cancer management. Our research focus in digital health is telemedicine and personal digital health tools, a rapidly changing subject. We also examine how digital health technologies transform patient care through remote monitoring, virtual consultations, and data collection. Telemedicine has dramatically improved healthcare availability, allowing patients to receive medical supervision, diagnosis, and treatment from home, reducing the need for in-person sessions. Consumer-oriented digital health technology like wearable gadgets and mobile health apps empower people to actively manage their health by providing rapid and precise health information. We have also highlighted the introduction of AI into digital health systems to improve the ability to analyse large amounts of health data, predict illness progression, and customise treatment techniques. AI-based telemedicine platforms can enhance diagnostic accuracy, patient care, and decision-making. Several other papers have discussed this topic, as well. [PERSON] et al. concentrate on wearable sweat biosensors designed to non-invasively monitor biomarkers in sweat, providing a convenient and continuous means of tracking an individual's health status [56]. These sensors can detect analytes, such as electrolytes, metabolites, and proteins, offering real-time insights into hydration levels, stress, and overall metabolic health. This approach aligns with the broader theme of personalised health discussed in our paper, where continuous and remote monitoring is critical for personalised care. However, while [PERSON] et al. focus on using sweat as a biomarker-rich fluid, our work explores a broader range of digital health tools, including telemedicine platforms and wearable devices that may or may not be focused on biomarker analysis [56]. Likewise, [PERSON] et al. and [PERSON] et al. had a similar analysis of biosensors but with a significant focus on monitoring SARS-CoV-2 patients [57; 58]. However, we chose a more encompassing approach without dwelling as much into technical details as the previous authors while building a more nuanced and diverse theme that integrates these biosensors into the more prominent theme of telemedicine. Our study emphasises the crucial function of microneedles in digital health, namely in the painless administration of medication and the immediate identification of biomarkers. Microneedle technology provides a very non-invasive substitute for conventional needles and may be seamlessly included in wearable devices, allowing for uninterrupted monitoring and therapy. A detailed overview of functional microneedles combined with wearable electronics is presented by other authors, such as [PERSON] et al. or [PERSON] et al., with a focus on their potential for a wide range of applications, including continuous glucose monitoring, medication delivery, and real-time health tracking [59; 60]. While our work emphasises the patient-centric benefits of microneedles, [PERSON] et al.