# Evaluation of IEEE802.15.4g for Environmental Observations
## 4 Analysis
### Advanced Metering Infrastructure Scenario
#### 4.4.1 RX at 350 m  
Figure 13a shows the PDR values for all radio settings with a packet length of 127 B. The radio link is almost nonexistent. Only OQPSK-6.25, the PHY with the slowest data rate available in the standard, has a high PDR value, 97%. The rest of the radio settings have a negligible PDR. Figure 13b depicts the poor PDR values with long packets. It is not possible to establish a radio communication with these PDR values, which is as high as 10% for OQPSK-6.25.  
Figure 12: Urban Canyon, 779 m. The limit of the radio link is very close to this distance of 779 m from the TX node. The PDR for short and long packets is poor, so is the maximum amount of packets per hour. Applications with short packets and low throughput can stand radio links with similar characteristics. (**a**) PDR with packets of 127 B. Only data rates up to 50 kbps provide some connectivity, with the exception of O-QPSK-50 whose PDR is above 80%. We are very close to the maximum length of the radio link. PDR of 2 FSK-50 is 42%; (**b**) PDR with packets of 2047 B. Only 2 FSK-FEC-50 has a PDR over 50%. The rest of the radio settings does not provide any connectivity, with the exception of the O-QPSK radio settings; (**c**) Maximum amount of short packets transmitted per hour. The reference 2 FSK-50 can send up to 70 packets and OQPSK-50 81 packets; (**d**) Maximum amount of long packets transmitted per hour. OQPSK-50 can send up to 5 2047 B packets per hour under the 0.1% duty cycle regulation; (**e**) Average electric charge consumption per 127 B packet sent. 2 FSK-50 needs 4.3 mC to transmit one short packet whilst OQPSK-50 consumes 3.7 mC per packet; (**f**) Average electric charge consumption per packet of 2047 B sent. O-QPSK consumes 60.7 mC, less than any other radio setting.  
Figure 13c shows the maximum number of packets that can be sent within an hour. OQPSK-6.25 is capable of delivering roughly 19 short packets. This is enough for some applications where few sensor readings are performed per hour. Considering long packets, it is not possible to get even one packet across for any PHY, as it is shown in Figure 13d.  
The average electric charge consumed to transmit a packet is shown in Figure 13e. With OQPSK-6.25, the TX node consumes 15.7 mC per packet of 127 B to get correctly sent. For long frames, it would take more than 2 C to get a packet across. Therefore, long frames in this scenario are not achievable.  
Figure 13: AMI, 350 m. Only the radio setting OQPSK-6.25 with short packets is useful for this type of challenging conditions, with several buildings between nodes. **(a)** PDR values considering packets of 127 B. Only OQPSK-6.25 can provide good connectivity with 97% PDR. The rest of the radio links offers no connectivity at all, PDR values of 0%; **(b)** PDR values with long packets of 2047 B. The quality of the radio link is overall poor. With PDR values below 10%, no communication link is possible; **(c)** Maximum amount of TX packets per hour. OQPSK-50 can roughly send 19 packets per hour. 2 FSK-FEC-50 only 2 and OQPSK-25 only 1. The rest of the PHYs cannot get even one packet across; **(d)** Maximum amount of TX packets per hour. Any radio setting is able to send one packet; **(e)** Average electric charge consumed per packet of 127 B transmitted. OQPSK-6.25 needs 15.7 mC per short packet; **(f)** Average electric charge consumed per packet of 2047 B transmitted. On average, it takes more than 1 C per packet using 2 FSK-FEC-50 and more than 2 C if OQPSK-6.25 is used.