## 3 Results
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Time**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Conventional Brackets 0.018”**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Conventional Brackets 0.022”**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Low-Friction Brackets 0.018”**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Low-Friction Brackets 0.022”**} \\  & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**(C18; \(n\) = 30)**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**(C22; \(n\) = 30)**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**(LF18; \(n\) = 30)**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**(LF22; \(n\) = 30)**} \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{**4 Hours (T0) *} & Mean & 3.8 b ** & 3.8 b  & 2.0 a  & 2.8 a,b  \\ \cline{2-5}  & SD & 2.3 & 2.9 & 1.9 & 3.1 \\ \cline{2-5}  & \multicolumn{5}{c}{ANOVA F: 3.337; DF: 3; \(p\) < 0.05} & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{**8 Hours (T1)**} & Mean & 4.7 & 4.1 & 3.4 & 3.2 \\ \cline{2-5}  & SD & 2.3 & 2.4 & 2.2 & 3.1 \\ \cline{2-5}  & \multicolumn{5}{c}{ANOVA F: 2.237; DF: 3; \(p\) = 0.088} & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{**24 Hours (T2)**} & Mean & 5.0 & 4.5 & 5.6 & 4.2 \\ \cline{2-5}  & SD & 2.7 & 2.2 & 2.0 & 2.7 \\ \cline{2-5}  & \multicolumn{5}{c}{ANOVA F: 2.003; DF: 3; \(p\) = 0.117} & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{**2 Days (T3) *} & Mean & 4.6 a,b  & 4.6 a,b  & 5.8 b  & 4.1 a  \\ \cline{2-5}  & SD & 2.5 & 2.6 & 1.9 & 2.1 \\ \cline{2-5}  & \multicolumn{5}{c}{ANOVA F: 2.773; DF: 3; \(p\) < 0.05} & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{**3 Days (T4)**} & Mean & 4.4 & 4.3 & 4.7 & 3.6 \\ \cline{2-5}  & SD & 3.0 & 2.6 & 2.3 & 2.1 \\ \cline{2-5}  & \multicolumn{5}{c}{ANOVA F: 1.124; DF: 3; \(p\) = 0.342} & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{**4 Days (T5)**} & Mean & 3.4 & 3.3 & 4.2 & 2.9 \\ \cline{2-5}  & SD & 2.7 & 2.5 & 2.4 & 2.3 \\ \cline{2-5}  & \multicolumn{5}{c}{ANOVA F: 1.442; DF: 3; \(p\) = 0.234} & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{**5 Days (T6)**} & Mean & 2.7 & 2.9 & 3.0 & 2.6 \\ \cline{2-5}  & SD & 2.4 & 2.5 & 2.5 & 2.3 \\ \cline{2-5}  & \multicolumn{5}{c}{ANOVA F: 0.146; DF: 3; \(p\) = 0.932} & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{**6 Days (T7)**} & Mean & 1.8 & 2.0 & 2.5 & 1.7 \\ \cline{2-5}  & SD & 1.9 & 2.2 & 2.2 & 2.0 \\ \cline{2-5}  & \multicolumn{5}{c}{ANOVA F: 0.758; DF: 3; \(p\) = 0.520} & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{**7 Days (T8)**} & Mean & 1.3 & 1.8 & 1.6 & 1.3 \\ \cline{2-5}  & SD & 1.6 & 1.9 & 2.1 & 1.8 \\ \cline{2-5}  & \multicolumn{5}{c}{ANOVA F: 0.450; DF: 3; \(p\) = 0.718} & \\ \hline \end{tabular} Comparison between groups was performed by analysis of variance (ANOVA). The Bonferroni was applied to see the difference between groups with superscript letters a,b * Statistically significant difference at \(p\) < 0.05.  
\end{table} 
Table 2: Comparison between groups concerning to visual analogue scale (VAS) measurements at different times. (\(n\) = 120). In terms of analyzing the results of the impact of orthodontic treatment on patients' oral quality of life, there are statistically significant differences in physical pain, psychological discomfort, psychological disability, and the total OHIP questionnaire score (\(p<0.01\)). A trend is observed for LF22, indicating the least impact on their OHRQoL compared to the other groups. In the domains of psychological discomfort (\(1.3\pm 0.8\)) and psychological disability (\(0.8\pm 0.9\)) and in the OHIP total score (\(4.5\pm 2.8\)), the group with low-friction \(0.018^{\prime\prime}\) brackets showed the worst impact. Physical pain is the domain with the most negative impact on patients, followed by psychological discomfort (Table 3).