## 3 Results
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c} \hline
**Parameter** & **Input Source** \\ \hline Optical Wavelength & 1 μm \\ Wind Speed (upper) & Upper CSAT3 Sonic \\ Wind Speed (lower) & Lower CSAT3 Sonic \\ Temperature (upper) & Upper HygroVUE5 \\ Temperature (lower) & Lower HygroVUE5 \\ Relative Humidity (upper) & Upper HygroVUE5 \\ Relative Humidity (lower) & Lower HygroVUE5 \\ Pressure & 1000 hPa \\ Height of upper sensors & 4.4 m \\ Height of lower sensors & 1.2 m \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Inputs to NAVSLaM for modeling \(C_{n}^{2}\). CR6 Datalogger. While these errors did not pose issues with the overall analysis of the data, they were still recorded as a flag to ensure those data points received additional attention. In the first plot of Figure 5, we see \(C_{n}^{2}\) values measured by the upper sonic anemometer ranging from \(10^{-16}\) m\({}^{-2/3}\) to \(10^{-12}\) m\({}^{-2/3}\) with NAVSLaM estimates following a similar trend between the hours of 0800 and 1800 on the 6 th of April. However, after this period, we begin to see some disagreement between NAVSLaM estimates and measured data. While NAVSLaM still follows the general trend of the sonic measurements, it begins to underestimate the \(C_{n}^{2}\) values from the sonics with estimates as low as \(10^{-17}\) m\({}^{-2/3}\). During these periods of underestimation, we also note that the temperature difference between the two HygroVUE5 sensors is almost zero. We know from previous research that NAVSLaM tends to underestimate \(C_{n}^{2}\) values when the mean air temperature difference approaches  
Figure 5: Comparison between \(C_{n}^{2}\) derived from the CSAT3 data to NAVSLaM derived estimates, from 0700 Tuesday, 6 April to 0800 Wednesday, 7 April. The wind speed recorded from each CSAT3, the temperature difference between the CSAT3 positions, and the slope of the PSD are also provided. The red and blue circles along the axes of the upper two plots indicate times when the sonics returned diagnostic errors, as discussed in the text. zero, i.e., when the conditions are \"near neutral\" [1]. In contrast, \"stable\" conditions occur when the mean air temperature difference is positive and \"unstable\" when it is negative. Additionally, we see \(C_{n}^{2}\) values of \(10^{-16}\) m\({}^{-2/3}\) measured by the sonic during this period of disagreement. This is potentially due to the upper sonic approaching the noise floor or vibrations caused by gusts of wind contaminating the measurements with noise. This is also confirmed by looking at the last plot of Figure 5, where the PSD slope deviates from \(-5/3\) during this same period. The second plot from the top in Figure 5 displays better agreement between the lower sonic \(C_{n}^{2}\) measurements and NAVSLaM estimates. Between the hours of 0800 and 1800 on the 6 th of April, we observed lower wind speeds recorded by the lower sonic anemometer as it is better shielded from the passing gusts of wind. However, the lower sonic is not completely impervious to wind speed effects as we note a similar rapid change in \(C_{n}^{2}\) values during the post-midnight hours. Similar to the top plot of Figure 5, we see the greatest disagreement between measured sonic \(C_{n}^{2}\) values and NAVSLaM estimates when the mean air temperature difference approaches near-neutral conditions. In contrast, we see the best agreement between measured data and estimates when the mean temperature difference is less than zero, or when prevailing conditions are unstable.