## 6 Critical Evaluation of the Utilisation of PCMs in the Concrete Industry and Their Improvements
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**Authors (Year)** & **Configuration/Composition** & **Type of Study** & **Studied Parameters** & **Results/Findings** \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{[PERSON] et al. (2020)} & This new SHSPCM synthetic heat storage format makes use of phase change materials. & Numerical and experimental & Effect of PCM on mechanical strength and hydration. & Using this innovative heat storage technology, concrete treated at a temperature of \(-15\)\({}^{\circ}\)C obtained exceptional mechanical strength and rapid hydration. & Using this innovative heat storage technology, concrete treated at a temperature of \(-15\)\({}^{\circ}\)C obtained exceptional mechanical strength and rapid hydration. & Using this innovative heat storage technology, concrete treated at a temperature of \(-15\)\({}^{\circ}\)C obtained exceptional mechanical strength and rapid hydration. & The average specific heat capacity of PCM-concrete thermal storage blocks rose via \(12.54\%\) (2 wt.\% PCM), \(31.60\) (4 wt.\% PCM), and \(41.23\%\) (6 wt.\% PCM), whereas the thermal conductivity and compressive strength decreased with the increase in PCM weight percentage. & The average specific heat capacity of PCM-concrete thermal storage blocks rose via \(12.54\%\) (2 wt.\% PCM), and \(31.60\) (4 wt.\% PCM), whereas the thermal conductivity and compressive strength decreased with the increase in PCM weight percentage. & After being put through \(100\) heat/cool cycles, the ASF coating reduced PCM leakage by around \(5.4\) times. \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{\begin{tabular}{} \end{tabular} } & Coated PCMA (ASF-PCMA) and polymethyl methacrylate. & \multirow{4}{*}{Experimental} & Impact of using coated PCMA (ASF-PCMA) and polymethyl methacrylate. & After being put through \(100\) heat/cool cycles, the ASF coating reduced PCM leakage by around \(5.4\) times. \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{\begin{tabular}{} \end{tabular} } & Coated PCMA (ASF-PCMA) and polymethyl methacrylate. & \multirow{4}{*}{Experimental} & Impact of incorporating phase change material (PCM) into concrete blocks. & The highest PTR, HTRc, and TD are achieved by Brick-D, relative to the reference brick, at maximum outside temperatures of \(156.5\%\), \(-61\%\), and \(-133\%\), respectively. \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{\begin{tabular}{} \end{tabular} } & To produce PCM-HSB aggregates, a hollow steel ball (HSB) is used to macro-encapsulate the PCM. & \multirow{4}{*}{Experimental} & The effect of using fibre-reinforced PCM-HSB. & By increasing concrete’s heat capacity and bearing capacity, the suggested fibre-reinforced PCM-HSB may secure energy piles’ future uses. \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{\begin{tabular}{} \end{tabular} } & PCM and a bio-based hygroscopic material (memory concrete) & \multirow{4}{*}{Experimental} & Impact of PCM and a bio-based hygroscopic material. & When compared to a setup without PCM, the peak T was delayed by \(70.4\%\), the T/RH amplitude was decreased by \(50\%\)/\(60\%\), and energy usage was decreased by \(15.3\%\). \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{\begin{tabular}{} \end{tabular} } & \multirow{4}{*}{\begin{tabular}{} \end{tabular} } & \multirow{4}{*}{\begin{tabular}{} \end{tabular} } & With an ultimate period shift of \(30\) min as well as a discrepancy in temperature between the reference and the PCM hermore concrete of about \(4.6\)\({}^{\circ}\)C, the PCM hermore concrete has excellent thermo-regulating potential. \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{\begin{tabular}{} \end{tabular} } & Different types of foam concrete using EV, PCM made from CA-EA and EV, as well as PCM with nano silica and coir fibres added (PSC). & \multirow{4}{*}{Experimental} & Impact of using different types of foam concrete on the thermal analysis. & Results of the thermal analysis tests showed that the PSC-\(5\%\) has a higher heat storage capacity, leading to higher levels of thermal comfort in buildings. \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{\begin{tabular}{} \end{tabular} } & \multirow{4}{*}{\begin{tabular}{} \end{tabular} } & \multirow{4}{*}{\
\begin{tabular}{} \end{tabular} } & Impact of spray-dried microspheres of hierarchical porous composite (PCN) material. & \multirow{4}{*}{Experimental} & Impact of spray-dried microspheres of hierarchical porous composite (PCN) material on the thermal management of buildings. \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{
\begin{tabular}{} \end{tabular} } & PCM layers and capsules are made from concrete bricks (PCM) are made from concrete bricks. & \multirow{4}{*}{Experimental} & Impact of PCM layer/capsules on the thermal and mechanical characteristics. & The PCM layer made from bricks performed better thermally, whereas the PCM capsules performed better mechanically. \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
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