###### Abstract  
Physical activity analysis assessment has been a concern throughout human history. The intersection of technological growth with sports has given rise to a burgeoning field known as sports engineering. In the 19 th century, the advent of chrono-photography and pioneering marked the inception of sports performance analysis. In recent years, the noticeable developments achieved in wearable low-power electronics with wireless high interconnection capability, as a part of modern technologies, have aided us in studying sports parameters such as motor behavior, biomechanics, equipment design, and materials science, playing an essential role in the understanding of sports dynamics. This study aims to review over 250 published articles since 2018, focusing on utilizing and validating these emergent technologies in sports and clinical aspects. It is predicted that one of the next steps in sports technology and engineering development will be using algorithms based on artificial intelligence to analyze the measurements obtained by multi-sensor systems (sensor fusion) to monitor biometric and physiological parameters in performance analysis and health assessments. s _applied_  
Despite the first dynamometer being invented by [PERSON] (1798) [5], the measurement of the muscular force developed during human locomotion was not investigated until [PERSON] of France (1872) used pneumatic bulbs attached to the foot to measure pressure under the heel and metatarsal regions [6]. Moreover, [PERSON] developed a device, the arthro-dynamometer, able to measure joint amplitudes and force variations based on their angle and, successively, he developed a three-component force plate using a mechanical-pneumatic system to measure the ground reaction force [7; 8]. Since then, several similar force platforms have been described in the literature based on the function of extensometer load cells, allowing the assessment of different quantitative movements such as walking, sprinting, and jumping [9; 10; 11; 12] until the introduction of piezoelectric force platforms by [PERSON] in 1969 [13]. Fatefully, the logistic conditions to measure jump or run performance on these expensive force platforms compelled the coaches and trainers to measure in controlled environments like sports institutes or university laboratories with limited access to all sports practitioners. To overcome this problem, in 1980, cheaper and easily accessible portable devices such as the conductance mat and, soon after, the optoelectronic bars were introduced to measure the kinematic parameters of jump and run performance directly in the competitions or training fields [14]. The electronic monitoring of dynamic muscular strength in flexo-extension limb movement was introduced with isokinetic apparatus [15] with the limit to assess muscular performance in an unnatural contraction regimen (constant velocity). Only in 1995 did [PERSON] introduce a system based on the linear encoder that could determine the dynamic muscular performance in the natural isotonic contraction regimen [16]. Such a device is able, through an infrared photo interrupter, to measure the covered distance by a load in the function of the time and calculate velocity, force, and power during the concentric, eccentric, and stretch-shortening cycle contraction types to determine, with an increase loads test, the neuromuscular profile through the force-velocity, and power-velocity relationships introducing the power-based training method. The birth of the internet characterizes the 20 th century, and the resulting evolution will influence new devices of motor behavior and sports performance. Wearable devices, Internet of Things sensors (IoT--further explored in Section 3), and wireless technologies evolved to monitor the external and internal load, giving specificity to training load relative to the matches or race demands (Figure 1).