## 7 Nanomedicine to Enhance the Therapeutic Effectiveness of BC
### Nanotechnology-Augmented Gene Therapy for BC Treatment  
The significance of nanomaterial delivery is evident, especially for novel therapeutics like nucleic acids, which degrade easily in systemic circulation. This encompasses DNA and RNA genetic treatments, including small interfering RNAs (siRNA) and microRNAs (miRNAs). SiRNAs, known for gene silencing, display notably longer half-lives when transported via nanoparticles either encapsulated or attached to their surface. Often, these treatments target elusive cancer proteins that other drugs cannot address. Furthermore, the stability of genetic treatments, when conveyed through nanocarriers and combined with controlled release, tends to extend their impact. A recent study explored the combination of a chemotherapy drug with siRNAs for treating TNBC [126]. In an effort to increase the effectiveness of therapy for advanced breast cancer, a versatile carrier system that utilizes gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) was designed to deliver siRNAs that target the antiapoptotic Bcl-2 gene and the well-known chemotherapeutic medication doxorubicin concurrently [126]. The Bcl-2- siRNAs were affixed to 13 nm AuNPs, with Dox instinctively inserted into the siRNA molecules, eliminating the necessity for intricate chemical alterations or coatings. The results of the study confirmed that both siRNA and Dox could be successfully integrated into the AuNPs to produce a multifunctional carrier. This Dox-infused system displayed toxicity toward TNBC cells and ensured efficient drug uptake [126]. Furthermore, codelivering Bcl-2 siRNA and Dox using the AuNPs resulted in increased cell death and reduced cancer cell growth [126]. This combined approach also led to decreased BC cell colony development and mobility. Ultimately, suppressing Bcl-2 expression amplified Dox's therapeutic impact on TNBC [126]. [PERSON] et al., in a recent study, explored a technique to administer delicate therapeutics such as miRNA, and a parallel technique can be employed for the delivery of siRNAs as well as other treatments [127]. The crafted nanocomplex, composed of AuNPs and NH2-PEG-SH, results in PEGylated AuNPs. Beyond its capacity to bind electrostatically to miRNAs, this nanocomplex offers the significant benefit of easy conjugation with therapeutic agents [127]. Even at nanomolar concentrations, the loaded nanocomplex can induce cancer cell death. Administering MiR-206 through this gold nanocomplex halted cell growth, triggered G0-G1 cell arrest, and altered the mitochondrial membrane potential [127]. Another study conducted by [PERSON] et al. supports the findings that miRNAs have the potential to target various immune checkpoints, sparking interest in investigating their combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) for BC treatment [128]. LINC01094 impacts cell cycle progression and breast cancer cell growth and reduces apoptosis by influencing the miR-340-5p/E2F3 molecular pathway. The objective of a study conducted by [PERSON] et al. was to comprehend the impact of long intergenic nonprotein coding RNA 1094 (LINC01094) on breast cancer cell growth, cell cycle dynamics, cell death, and the underlying mechanism involved [129]. By manipulating the expression levels of both LINC01094 and miR-340-5p in breast cancer cell lines, the authors analyzed their impacts on cell progression, cell cycle, and cell death using techniques like the cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), 5-bromo-2\({}^{\prime}\)-deoxyuridine, and flow cytometry. The qRT-PCR findings indicated that LINC01094 expression was significantly elevated in BC tissues compared to neighboring noncancerous tissues. Additionally, a decline in patient survival time has been associated with higher expression levels of LINC01094 [129]. Nanomaterial-based cancer treatments offer benefits over conventional free drugs, especially in targeted delivery. Such treatments lead to reduced toxicity, lesser degradation, longer half-life, and improved efficiency compared to free drugs.