# Blockchain-Based Model to Improve the Performance of the Next-Generation Digital Supply Chain
## 2 Related Study  
[PERSON] et al. presented a complete solution for the blockchain-based Agriculture and Food (Agri-Food) supply chain in our proposed solution. It makes use of the Ethereum blockchain network's key features of blockchain and smart contracts. Although blockchain ensures the immutability of data and records in the network, it still falls short of solving some major issues in supply chain management, such as the credibility of the parties involved, trading process accountability, and product traceability. Therefore, there is a need for a reliable system that ensures traceability, trust, and delivery mechanism in the Agri-Food supply chain. In the proposed system, all transactions are written to blockchain which ultimately uploads the data to the Interplanetary File Storage System (IPFS). The storage system returns a hash of the data which is stored on the blockchain and ensures an efficient, secure, and reliable solution [11]. [PERSON] et al. presented an Ethereum blockchain-based approach for efficient product traceability in the healthcare supply chain that uses smart contracts and decentralized off-chain storage. The smart contract ensures data provenance, eliminates the need for intermediaries, and provides all stakeholders with a secure, immutable transaction history. We present the system architecture as well as the detailed algorithms that govern our proposed solution's working principles. We test and validate the system, as well as present a cost and security analysis, to assess its effectiveness in improving traceability within pharmaceutical supply chains [12]. [PERSON] et al. looked at the impact of blockchain technology on agriculture and the food supply chain. They presented current projects and initiatives and discussed overall implications, challenges, and potential, all the while keeping a critical eye on the projects' maturity. Their findings showed that blockchain is a promising technology for a transparent food supply chain, with numerous ongoing initiatives in a variety of food products and food-related issues, but there are still many barriers and challenges that prevent it from gaining broader adoption among farmers and systems. Technical aspects, education, policies, and regulatory frameworks are all part of these challenges [13]. In business practice, there are numerous applications of BCT in supply chain management (SCM), and there is growing interest in this topic among academics. [PERSON] et al. combined these two perspectives on BCT in SCM to summarize the current state of the art and to identify areas for future research. A comprehensive framework of BCT using case clusters in SCM has been developed for this purpose, based on the unique features of BCT. The framework was used to examine 53 BCT applications in SCM that were discovered through a systematic literature review and a secondary dataset of blockchain-driven SCM innovations [14]. The potential application of blockchain technology and smart contracts to supply chain management was critically examined by [PERSON] et al. Government, community, and consumer pressures on local and global governments, communities, and consumers to meet sustainability goals prompted us to investigate how blockchain can address and aid supply chain sustainability. Part of this critical examination was to see how blockchains, a potentially disruptive technology still in its early stages of development, can overcome a variety of obstacles. Inter-organizational, intra-organizational, technical, and external barriers to blockchain technology adoption were discussed [15]. [PERSON] et al. reviewed academic research and implementations of distributed ledgers on supply chains. They summarized the benefits and challenges of distributed supply chain organization and management, as well as the current state of research on the topic. They discussed the technical characteristics and maturity of various industrial projects, focusing on industrial practices and use cases.