# Analysis of 5G Channel Access for Collaboration with TSN Concluding at a 5G Scheduling Mechanism
## 3 Related Works  
As the use of mobile networks, especially in the form of Non-public Networks (NPNs) for Industry 4.0, is gaining high interest, the convergence of 5G and TSN is being heavily researched at this time.  
[PERSON] et al. classified the types of delay in a 5G System (5 GS) in [15], considering mini-slot scheduling and simulating different Semi-persistent Scheduling (SPS) strategies for multi-user TSN over 5G. They concluded that the current mechanisms of 5G for supporting uRLLC traffic do not satisfy the requirements of TSN streams, and end-to-end scheduling including both systems is needed.  
In [16], [PERSON] et al. summarized the current state of 3 GPP standardization regarding the compatibility with TSN. They described different architecture models for 5G TSN integration and approaches to time synchronization between 5G and TSN. Based on an analysis of the 5G Quality of Service (QoS) framework, they concluded that further extension is needed to support TSN traffic over 5G.  
[PERSON] et al. described in [17] how the bridge parameters provided by 5 GS to the TSN control plane can be derived, and how the TSN requirements can be mapped to QoS parameters in 5G. The authors state that determination of the 5 GS delay parameters is a difficult task, and one that could be further investigated to increase the degree of compatibility between TSN and 5G.  
[PERSON] et al. in [18] presented a novel scheduling approach for 5G taking into account multi-user scenarios, inter-cell interference, control channel overhead, and varying channel conditions. They compared Dynamic Packet Scheduling (DPS) and SPS, and investigated the appropriate interval for updating the Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS) for the case of SPS.  
In [19], a heterogeneous network architecture connecting 5G and TSN in an industrial sensor and controller environment was proposed, leveraging a combination of adaptive semi-persistent scheduling in 5G and per-stream filtering and policing for data injection from the uplink into TSN. The proposed architecture achieves low and deterministic delay for multi-user uplink traffic of different priorities.  
In summary, former research has staked out the discrepancies between the 5G QoS framework and TSN requirements, investigated the suitability of different scheduling mechanisms, and evaluated architecture models for the integration of 5G and TSN. This research has contributed to the ongoing standardization of 5G. However, to the best of our knowledge, the problem of scheduling multiple TSN streams per User Equipment (UE) in accordance with the requirements of the TSN control plane expressed in Gate Control Lists (GCLs) needs to be addressed in the context of mapping 5G native scheduling mechanisms to TSN traffic shaping.  
The present work aims to fill this gap by investigating the prioritization mechanisms for logical channels in the 5G RAN and comparing them to the requirements of TSN streams. A scheduling scheme is derived which can be configured on the basis of QoS flows to meet the timing requirements of deterministic TSN traffic. In contrast with the current standard, the traffic shaping rules demanded by the TSN control plane are enforced directly by the 5G Radio Access Network (RAN) via the allocation of physical radio resources, instead of by additional translator functions located at the edge of the 5G User Plane.