# GIS and BIM as Integrated Digital Environments for Modeling and Monitoring of Historic Buildings
## 3 Results
### Diagnostic Study Results  
Regarding the results from the diagnostic study, the various types of building materials were documented, including their decay patterns. In situ investigation, by means of nondestructive testing, was performed for the diagnosis of the current state of preservation of the building. IRT images indicated morphological alterations due to different decay patterns. Thermal mapping of the facades indicated the variation of the construction phases, as well as the different type of the masonries structure (Figures 4 and 5). Temperature variations are observed among the different construction phase's walls, as well as in the lower part of the building, where the detachment of plaster revealed the inner structure. Different thermal conductivity behavior is also observed indicating the variation of the building materials and their susceptibility to decay. Classification of the building materials under investigation was accomplished using digital microscopy data. Documentation of stones, bricks and mortars was conducted, based on the observed textural and morphological characteristics, while information regarding decay and thus related to the materials' preservation state was obtained. The main building stone used in all three construction phases is a compact grey limestone, which on account of its compact microstructure is in relatively good preservation state (Figure 6a,d,g). However, it should be noted that the use of other compact and/or porous limestones is evident in various parts of each construction phase. On the contrary, the type of bricks differentiates amongst the three construction phases. In particular, different coloring is observed for each brick type, reflecting the different content of iron compounds in the raw materials used for its production (Figure 6b,e,h). In addition, the light-yellow colored bricks of the third construction phase display micro-fissuring, demonstrating their poor preservation state. Each construction phase presents a different type of  
Figure 4: Infrared thermography (IRT) images of the north facade: (**a**) areas consisted of brick (below the window opening and the relieving arch above the basement window), present higher temperatures in comparison to plastered and un-plastered parts of the ruble-stone masonry; (**b**) the masonry area below the metal strapping, (applied for structural stability), presents lower temperatures in comparison to the masonry area above the metal strapping, indicating issues of rising damp at the lower parts of the north facade. Figure 3: 3D model of Villa Klonaridi: (**a**) 3d mesh; (**b**) 3d textured model (northeast orientation). time-clay mortar; with the ones of the second and the third construction phase containing coarser aggregates in comparison to the mortars of the first construction phase (Figure 6c,f,i). The lime-clay mortars of the 3 rd phase are evidently in poorer preservation state than the rest, since micro-fissuring and poor cohesion are observed. GPR results provided information regarding the width of the construction walls, as well as information related to the manner of construction and the masonry's stratigraphy [45]. Additionally, GPR results indicated flaws and diffractions located in the internal of the masonry (Figure 7). Pathology documentation was obtained utilizing architectural documentation studies. Moreover, in Villa Klonaridi, a vast variation of materials was encountered. The materials identified were lime-stones, clay bricks, mortars and plasters [49]. The results regarding the structure of the historic building, presented variations among the construction phases. The first construction phase consists of a thick three-layered rubble-stone masonry (70 cm) with brick walls below the openings and brick relieving arches above them.