## 4 Proposed Approach
### Augmented Reality (AR)  
The limitation of VR systems in medicine stems mainly from the user's concern for the surrounding physical world as opposed to the virtual world. Augmented Reality (AR) surpasses them by providing a simple and straightforward User Interface (UI) over the electronically enhanced physical world.  
Augmented capabilities can be integrated into Augmented Reality (AR) systems or Mixed Reality (MR) systems. Generally, AR refers to a virtual world in the real world and is a robust visualization tool. AR offers visualization, annotation, and storytelling, while MR merges the virtual world with the real one and is interactive, in real-time, and in 3D. In other words, MR makes use of AR and Augmented Virtuality (AV), as shown in Figure 1, and is regarded to be the most sophisticated technology.  
Both AR and MR systems offer an immersive display of a virtual image and a real image simultaneously in real-time. Thus, the users have the opportunity to interact with the virtual image and the real world by using a Head Mounted Display (HMD), as to display the virtual image and the real-world image. The difference is that the virtual image is displayed as transparent similar to a hologram in AR, such as in the Meta-2 Development Kit and the former DAQRI systems, while the virtual representation is depicted as solid in MR, such as in the Microsoft Hololens headset [10].  
In the case that pre-operative, intraoperative, or physical examination need medical imaging, medical applications can be used for real image exportation, which corresponds to the actual body of a patient. AR is extensively used in both medical imaging and computer surgery communities. Thus, AR can be applied in different methods of body visualization such as X-ray, ultrasound, MRI, CT, and others, to offer a better quality of 3D virtual data, satisfying requirements in terms of service quality, reliability, and accuracy [11]. Based on these methods, many dangerous distortions of vital organs (i.e., spleen, liver, and lungs) caused by epidemic viruses, aneurysms, and fractured bones can also be detected by our system with high accuracy and effectiveness thanks to AR.  
Generally, for any system depending on the visualization of AR, three basic requirements are essential: reliability, usability, and interoperability. Because the persuasive power of this type of visualization is very high, we can use such visualization software that can guarantee certain accuracy limitations by following it during the execution time.  
The aim of visualization procedure in our proposed approach during medical procedures, such as minimally invasive surgery, is to make the medical staff feel as if they are actually in an operation room. In this way, surgeons can exploit these various kinds of wearable AR glasses to visualize vital health data from scans overspread with the patient's body while they operate. A typical pair of AR glasses used in our system has common and infrared depth-sensing cameras [12; 13], microsensors such as a gyroscope and an accelerometer, and transparent lenses, which provide surgeons a greater dexterity and control, while improving their surgical accuracy.  
Besides, AR enables an easy-to-use environment where the consultation and diagnosis of a 3D model produced by radiological results can be easily performed. By using this technology, our virtual system components can be placed in the real world and achieve a lighter interaction using a tactile device. This means that the surgeon can work in the operating room and interact with the patient making plain movements. The ability of the surgeon to interact with the patient in such a way is very important to avoid any kind of infection, especially in the case of completely virtual surgery [9]. Finally, AR can create new job opportunities for experienced doctors with AR knowledge and skills.