# A Risk Characterization Model and Visualization System in Aluminum Production
## 3 Risk Characterization System
### Application of System
#### 3.2.2 Explosion Accident Risk Analysis  
(1) Likelihood of Explosion Accident  
Taking the explosion accident in the electrolytic section as an example, there is a hazard of \"insufficient preheating of tools\" in a certain scenario. This hazard belongs to the unsafe behavior of people, selecting \(L_{1}\), \(L_{2}\), \(L_{3}\), \(L_{4}\), \(L_{5}\), \(L_{6}\), and \(L_{7}\) as the influencing factors to describe the likelihood. The possible influencing factors were assigned according to the production process and Table 2. The likelihood influencing factors and their assignment are shown in Table 5, according to Formula (1), L \(\approx\) 0.2787.  
(2) Consequence of Explosion Accident  
According to the actual production situation of the electrolysis workshop, the parameter assignment of an explosion accident event intensity can be obtained, as shown in Table 6. According to Formula (4), \(E_{exp}\approx\) 912288 KJ, and according to Formula (27), \(R_{fa}=L\times C_{in}\) = 0.2787 \(\times\) 912288 \(\approx\) 254254 KJ (in this case, the energy accidentally released from an explosive accident (E\({}_{\rm exp}\)) is used to characterize the event intensity (C\({}_{\rm in}\))). According to Formulas (11), (13), (16), and (18), R\({}_{1}\approx\) 7.5 m, R\({}_{2}\approx\) 11.5 m, R\({}_{3}\approx\) 66.5 m, and R\({}_{4}\approx\) 10.8 m, respectively.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l} \hline
**Serial Number** & **Title** \\ \hline
1 & Safety specification for aluminium electrolysis (GB 29741-2013) \\
2 & Code for design of aluminum smelter processes (GB 50850–2013) \\
3 & Code for design of shutting down/restarting aluminum reduction cells \\  & without power interruption (GB 51010–2014) \\
4 & [PERSON], [PERSON], et al., Aluminum electrolysis and Aluminum alloy Casting Production and Safety [M]. \\  & Beijing: Metallurgical Industry Press, 2012. \\  & [PERSON], Simulation Training of Electrolytic Aluminum Production [M]. Guiyang: Guizhou Science and Technology Press, 2016. \\  & [PERSON], Evaluation of Explosion Effect of Heavy Molten Aluminum on Water [J]. Industrial Safety and Environmental Protection, 2020. \\  & [PERSON], Safety Production Management of Electrolytic Aluminum Industry [J]. Labor Protection, 2011. \\  & [PERSON], [PERSON], et al., A kind of embedded high-temperature molten metal leakage recovery tank: \\  & China, 201910135140.2 [P]. 2019-02-22. \\  & [PERSON], [PERSON], [PERSON], et al., A ground-lift high temperature molten metal leakage barrier device: China, 201811274313.0 [P]. 2018-10-30. \\  & [PERSON], Leakage and prevention of electrolytic cell [J]. China Chlor-Alkali, 2001. \\  & In August 2007, Shandong Province, the aluminum spilled into the chute. The energy gathered and exploded, killing 20 people and seriously injuring 59. \\  & On 28 August 2018, an aluminum company in Jiangyin City dumped a large amount of liquid aluminum on the casting plate instantly into the cooling water. The high-temperature liquid aluminum reacted violently with the cooling water, forming a violent steam explosion, causing 5 serious injuries and 27 minor injuries. \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 4: References for building the system.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c} \hline
**Influencing Factors** & **Assignment** \\ \hline Education level (\(L_{1}\)) & 0.2 \\ Assessment results of safety training (\(L_{2}\)) & 0.1 \\ Work experience (\(L_{3}\)) & 0.4 \\ Vocational and technical qualifications (\(L_{4}\)) & 0.1 \\ Mental health assessment results (\(L_{5}\)) & 0.15 \\ Occupational health examination (\(L_{6}\)) & 0.15 \\ Other human factors (\(L_{7}\)) & 0.528 \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 5: Likelihood influencing factors and their assignment.