## 4 Discussion  
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the QoL, BC, and upper limb strength of a sample of women after undergoing different treatments: (1) gluten-free diet + exercise in celiac women, (2) gluten-free diet in celiac women, (3) celiac controls without a balanced and personalized GFD and exercise, and (4) healthy controls, establishing intragroup differences. Additionally, to study the differences between the different groups at different times (pre and post). One of the hypotheses was that women with celiac disease would have lower QoL scores, as established research has shown that CD is a disorder that affects almost every system in the body [30]. This result is half confirmed, as the groups of celiac women who received some type of intervention (GFD + exercise or GFD) showed higher scores than healthy women on both the WHOQOL total score and subscales, however, celiac women who did not receive intervention scored lower. Previous literature reported that the QoL of a patient with CD is mainly related to the presence of gastrointestinal symptoms [31; 32]. Although there is no previous research using the same questionnaire, it was observed [33] that scores on other questionnaires significantly decreased after six months of following a gluten-free diet. Furthermore, [PERSON] et al. (2018) [33] also found that patients with clinical symptoms of diarrhea (\(p\) = 0.005), mouth ulcer (\(p\) = 0.008), generalized weakness (\(p\) = 0.009), and fatigue (\(p\) = 0.002) had a lower QoL perception than patients with other symptoms. This is also in agreement with [PERSON], [PERSON] et al. (2016) [34] where they concluded that a gluten-free diet induced an improvement in well-being and a decrease of a depressive state after 12 months of strict diet. It should be considered that women in the present study (GFD + E) were performing prescribed resistance training. Coinciding with previous studies, [PERSON] et al. [35], observed that participants who trained twice a week improved their environmental QoL compared to other groups, who did not train or only trained once a week. Therefore, it seems that it can be affirmed that resistance training has positive effects on psychological outcomes. Furthermore, [PERSON], [PERSON] et al. [36] observed that the highest scores in WHOQOL domains were obtained by respondents with the highest levels of physical activity. [PERSON] et al. [37] observed high assessments of overall QoL by individuals participating in appropriately dosed resistance training programs compared to controls. Besides, it should be noted that in the present investigation, GFD + E obtained significantly better results in the \"psychological\" subscale than the women with celiac disease in the control group. Therefore, in accordance with these and more recent studies [12], there is evidence that personalized exercise and lifestyle intervention can also lead to improve the QoL of people, among other things. QoL assessment is fundamental for a proper understanding of the health-disease process. Concurring with [PERSON] et al. [5], age was correlated with lower scores on all WHOQOL dimensions: physical, psychological, social, and environmental. This argument suggests that elder women have a lower perception of their QoL, regardless of the intervention/control group to which they belong. Both lack of movement, which is quite common among elderly people, and a gluten-free diet in elderly celiac patients should be treated as worrying trends. BC assessment is an important variable for understanding human metabolism in different health conditions, including celiac disease [38]. As mentioned above and confirmed in the review by [PERSON] et al. (2019) [38], celiac women tend to have a lower BMI and fat percentage than healthy women. In the present investigation, the results obtained confirm this statement, since the healthy control group (control group) is the women with the highest BMI values, however, they were not the ones with the highest fat %.