## 3 Inventory Data
### Inventory Data for the Production of the Base Cream  
The production of the base cream involves several components, each modelled using relevant datasets from the Ecoinvent database (Table 7). The reference flow was 100 kg of cream base. ### Inventory Data for the Production of the Base Cream  
The production of the base cream involves several components, each modelled using relevant datasets from the Ecoinvent database (Table 7). The reference flow was 100 kg of cream base. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline
**Data** & **Quantity** & **Unit** & **Dataset** \\ \hline Output air emissions & & & \\ \hline Nitrogen & 423.45 & L & Nitrogen (elementary flows \textgreater{} emissions to air \textgreater{} unspecified) \\ \hline Output solid wastes & & & \\ \hline Laboratory latex gloves for materials’ handling (for one production cycle) & 0.25 & g (pair) & \textgreater{}Market for latex | latex | Cutoff, U\(\sim\) \\ \hline Paper towels for cleaning glassware and components (for one production cycle) & 1.75 & kg & \textgreater{}Market for tissue paper | tissue paper | Cutoff, U\(\sim\) \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 6: Inventory data for waste emissions gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). From the synthesis, purification and drying of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline
**Data** & **Quantity** & **Unit** & **Dataset** \\ \hline Aqua & 36.439 & kg & \textgreater{}Market for water, deionised | water, deionised | Cutoff, U\(\sim\) \\ \hline Propylene glycol & 1.625 & kg & \textgreater{}Market for propylene glycol, liquid | propylene glycol, liquid | Cutoff, U\(\sim\) \\ \hline Disodium EDTA aqua & 0.065 & kg & \textgreater{}Market for EDTA, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid | EDTA, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid | Cutoff, U\(\sim\) \\ \hline Pentylene glycol & 3.250 & kg & \textgreater{}Market for propylene glycol, liquid | propylene glycol, liquid | Cutoff, U\(\sim\) \\ \hline Carbomer & 0.650 & kg & \textgreater{}Market for acrylic acid | acrylic acid | Cutoff, U\(\sim\) \\ \hline Glyceryl stearate: & & & \\ \hline Glycerol & 0.467-2.438 & kg & \textgreater{}Market for glycerine | glycerine | Cutoff, U\(\sim\) \\ \hline Stearic acid & 0.533-2.438 & kg & \textgreater{}Market for stearic acid | stearic acid | Cutoff, U\(\sim\) \\ \hline Isopropyl isostearate & 1.950 & kg & \textgreater{}Market for esters of versatile acid | esters of versatile acid | Cutoff, U\(\sim\) \\ \hline Ethylhexyl isononanoate & 2.275 & kg & \textgreater{}Market for esters of versatile acid | esters of versatile acid | Cutoff, U\(\sim\) \\ \hline Sorbitan stearate & 1.365 & kg & \textgreater{}Market for esters of versatile acid | esters of versatile acid | Cutoff, U\(\sim\) \\ \hline Cetaeryl Alcohol Cetaerth-20 & 1.300 & kg & \textgreater{}Market for fatty alcohol | fatty alcohol | Cutoff, U\(\sim\) \\ \hline Squalane & 0.650 & kg & \textgreater{}Market for vegetable oil, refined | vegetable oil, refined | Cutoff, U\(\sim\) \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 7: Inventory for the base cream components. For the water used in the base cream, deionized water was modelled using the dataset \"market for water, deionised!Cutoff, U* from Ecoinvent 3.8. This process includes producing deionized water through ion exchange using tap water from public supplies. It provides the necessary water quality for the cream formulation [17]. Propylene glycol, used as a humectant and solvent in the base cream, was modelled using the \"market for propylene glycol, liquid!Cutoff, U* dataset. Additionally, disodium EDTA aqua, which serves as a preservative and stabilizer, was modelled using the \"market for EDTA, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid!Cutoff, U*. Pentylene glycol (PG, synonym 1,2-pentenedi, C5H12O2) is a synthetic member of the 1,2-glycols used in cosmetics and pharmaceutical products. In addition to its skin-hydrating effect, it is also known to support antimicrobial protection and serves as a solvent and moisturizing agent [18; 19; 20].