# Model for Global Quality Management System in System of Systems
## 4 Areas of activity typical to G-QMS CORE
#### 4.2.5 The Sectoral QMS Standardization  
In Figure 4, an independent category [4.2] with \(S_{\text{ITotal}}\) = 16.65 was identified for this topic, making it the second category in parent category [4] and making up 20.1% of it. This category drew attention from all five clusters, with a notable 67% of the responses emanating from the accreditation bodies cluster, contributing 33.9% to the Si. The main aspects discerned from the research findings are elaborated below: First, _various constructions for QMS international standards certification can be found in G-QMS of G-Org. of SoS:_ In some constructions, the mantle of responsibility for QMS standards certification rests with the G-QMS CORE, while in others, it solely lies with the individual QMS entities. This delineation extends to the certification structure as well. Some G-QMS of G-Org. of SoS constructions adhere to a singular leading QMS standard accredited by one body, contrasting with those that encompass several QMS standards, where each can be upheld by different accreditation bodies. There is also a spectrum where some QMS entities lack certification to any standard, while others hold certifications to more than one QMS international standard. It was found that this wide array of constructions does not necessarily epitomize an ideal certification framework. Instead, it often mirrors the evolutionary trajectory of the G-QMS of G-Org. of SoS, and by extension, the G-organization, intertwined with the organizational culture and various constraints that shape this landscape. Second, _the certification of QMS standard is a contributing factor:_ Certification to a QMS international standard is known to be a contributing factor to organizations and their QMS [68; 69]. However, this research unveils an elevated level of relevance of such certification within the context of G-Org's G-QMS. of SoS. Despite the wide variety of certification constructions, in the G-QMS of G-Org. of SoS, there is great importance to the certification to the QMS standard as a basis for creating a common quality management language among the structural entities, a significance that escalates primarily when certain entities represent the QMS of different organizations in the structure. In essence, holding a QMS standard certification ensures a recognized level of quality management and enables a basis for comparative mapping and evaluation across the diverse entities within the structure. Moreover, it was found that certification to a QMS standard is an important and contributing factor in G-QMS of G-Org. of SoS. Third, _the sectoral QMS standardization:_ The trend of sectoral standardization, which began in the last two and a half decades, reflects a deepening and broadening phenomenon in the realm of quality management. This standardization is based on the ISO 9001 standard but expands it to cater to the distinct requisites of different sectors. It is apparent that this specialized standardization is notably pertinent to those SoS sectors where the ISO 9001 standard alone falls short of addressing the inherent complexities. This aligns with base anchors 5 and 6, as outlined by [PERSON] et al. [4], portraying the sectoral standardization as a direct manifestation of these anchors. In the context of this research, alongside the ISO 9001 and ISO 9004 standards applicable to all organizations, specific sectoral standards like AS 9001, ISO 22163, and ISO 13485 were examined. The sectoral standards are identified as an augmenting factor, rendering benefits to both the G-QMS and the broader G-organization. The findings indicate that organizations certified to a sectoral standard exhibit a higher level of QMS (_\"in a different league\"_), in comparison to those lacking such certification, especially when it came to G-organizations. The sectoral standardization already includes extensions to the ISO 9001 standard suitable for all organizations in the sector. However, the study reveals that for G-organizations to SoS, additional expansions beyond these sectoral standards are necessitated.