## 5 Conclusions  
This article presents an innovative approach by applying advanced Shared Socioeconomic Pathway (SSP) climate scenarios to evaluate the effectiveness of passive energy retrofit strategies in educational buildings located in Mediterranean climates. The findings highlight the need to tailor energy retrofit interventions to specific climate projections, showing that the analyzed measures impact energy demand and thermal comfort differently across temporal scenarios. Notably, building envelope retrofitting reduces heating demand by up to 90% in future scenarios. Specifically, the analysis shows that in the current scenario, the combined interventions (window replacement, facade insulation, and roof insulation) result in annual savings of up to 74% for heating. Under SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 scenarios, heating savings could reach 90%, while cooling demand reductions range from 1% to 9%, as shown in the results section. From a methodological perspective, the use of tools like DesignBuilder, combined with current and projected climate data, has proven to be an effective and reliable modeling tool for simulating complex scenarios and for producing accurate results on energy performance and thermal comfort evolution. The originality of this research study lies in its ability to identify not only the most effective measures in the current context but also to anticipate their performance under various climate projections. Comparing temporal horizons (2024, 2050, and 2080) under SSP scenarios provides a replicable framework for decision-making in other climatic and socioeconomic contexts. The results demonstrate that, in the pilot case, envelope interventions such as window replacements, facade insulation, and roof insulation significantly reduce the energy demand. For instance, these combined measures yield annual savings of up to 9% for cooling and 74% for heating in the current scenario. These values have been thoroughly addressed and evaluated in the Results section, ensuring that the conclusions are directly aligned with the findings presented earlier. Therefore, the most effective measures identified in the analyzed cases include the integration of window replacements, facade insulation, and roof insulation. Furthermore, as future climate scenarios project increases in cooling demand and decreases in heating demand, these measures remain central to mitigating these changes. Combining these strategies addresses the dual challenge of reducing heating demand while offering slight improvements in the cooling demand. The replicability of the model used in this study is made possible by its reliance on accessible data and standardized simulation methods, allowing the approach to be adapted to other climates and building types. This highlights the importance of tailoring approaches that integrate global data with localized adaptations, especially for building technical specifications, climate data, and user demands. As potential avenues for future research stemming from this study, several emerging areas have been identified based on the application of the proposed model to this educational center in Granada. It is crucial to emphasize that these strategies impact both energy demand and the thermal comfort of occupants. Therefore, hybrid solutions combining passive measures with active systems will be essential to ensure optimal comfort, especially in contexts where high temperatures may negatively impact cognitive performance in educational environments. Finally, this study contributes to the development of practical tools for architects and policymakers, providing a replicable analytical model to assess the feasibility and effectiveness of passive strategies in Mediterranean contexts. The findings can guide the design of targeted interventions to enhance energy efficiency while minimizing the environmental impact, aligning with European objectives for nearly-zero-energy buildings (nZEB) and supporting a transition toward climate-resilient educational infrastructure.