# The Impact of Effective Microorganisms on Flesh Color and Chemical Composition of Raw Potato Tubers
## 3 Results
### Interaction of Experimental Factors with Flesh Color Indicators  
The most interesting aspect of the work was the interaction of the experimental factors. The technologies used influenced the L* parameter value similarly in all years of the research (Table 6). The 'Bellarosa' cultivar only had a significantly lighter flesh than 'Tajfun' in 2017, characterized by drought and even extreme drought in June and August. In the remaining years, the tested varieties showed insignificant differences between each other (Table 6). There was a difference in response of the studied cultivars to the cultivation practices used. The 'Bellarosa' cultivar showed a significantly brighter flesh color in technologies B and D with applications of EM, compared to the standard cultivation practice A, which turned out to be homogeneous with cultivation practice C, in which EMs were applied five times during potato vegetation. The 'Tajfun' cultivar had a significantly lighter flesh color in cultivation practice D, in which EMs were applied eight times, compared to the standard cultivation practice (A), where fungicide spray was applied three times. Technologies B, C, and D with the use of EMs in this cultivar turned out to be homogeneous in this feature (Figure 6). Meteorological conditions in the years of research and the cultivation practices had an impact on the a* color parameter of fresh potato tubers (Table 7). \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Experimental Factors** & **2015** & **2016** & **2017** \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Cultivation practices **} & A & 76.52a \(\pm\) 1.27 & 72.25a \(\pm\) 1.14 & 76.90a \(\pm\) 2.72 \\  & B & 78.78a \(\pm\) 0.85 & 78.26a \(\pm\) 4.21 & 81.14a \(\pm\) 3.36 \\ \cline{1-1}  & C & 78.95a \(\pm\) 1.61 & 76.59a \(\pm\) 1.75 & 80.36a \(\pm\) 2.25 \\ \cline{1-1}  & D & 80.97a \(\pm\) 1.07 & 78.50a \(\pm\) 3.57 & 82.41a \(\pm\) 3.34 \\ \hline \multicolumn{2}{c}{HSD p\({}_{0.05}\)} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{ns ***} \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Cultivars} & ‘Bellarosa’ & 79.00a \(\pm\) 0.44 & 76.20a \(\pm\) 0.48 & 82.80a \(\pm\) 3.64 \\  & ‘Tajfun’ & 78.60a \(\pm\) 0.42 & 76.60a \(\pm\) 3.13 & 77.60b \(\pm\) 1.85 \\ \hline \multicolumn{2}{c}{HSD p\({}_{0.05}\)} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{2.1} \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}  
*—parameter, ** A–3 applications of fungicide, B–3 applications, C–5 applications, and D—8 applications of effective organisms (EmFarmaTM plus Ema5 TM); *** not significant at p\({}_{0.05}\).  
\end{table} 
Table 6: Effects of cultivation practices, cultivars, and years on the on L* parameter of raw tubers. Figure 6: Influence of cultivation practices and cultivars on brightness of potato tuber flesh (L*) (scale 0–100, 0 (black) to 100 (white)) [5; 26]. Cultivation practices: A—3 application of fungicide, B—3 applications, C—5 application and D—8 applications of effective organisms (EmFarmaTM plus Ema5 TM). There was a significant decrease in the value of this parameter under the influence of practices in technology C, which meant a shift of the red color towards green; this was confirmed in all years of research. Further, the value of this parameter was significantly different from that obtained with the standard technology A, as well as from the practices in technology B, where a significant darkening of the tuber flesh was observed. However, there was no significant influence from the practices used in technology D on the value of the a * parameter (Table 7). The medium-early 'Tajfun' potato cultivar was more prone to a red tint than the early 'Bellarosa'. Significant differences between these varieties were found in all years of research (Table 7). For the 'Bellarosa' cultivar, the highest saturation of red color was recorded in the flesh of tubers grown using standard cultivation practices with fungicides, and the lowest in cultivation practice C, where the tubers were treated with an aqueous solution of EMFarmaTM before planting, and five treatments of EmFarma PlusTM and Ema5 TM were applied during the growing season.