## 3 Methodology
### Implementing Power Line Communication Technique for Smart Grid  
Power Line Communication (PLC) is a versatile and innovative technique that has gained prominence in the context of smart grid implementation. It involves utilizing the existing power distribution infrastructure to establish a robust and bidirectional communication network within the grid. This approach leverages power lines as conduits for data transmission, enabling various devices, equipment, and systems to exchange information seamlessly. PLC offers numerous benefits for modernizing the grid and enhancing its efficiency, reliability, and responsiveness. At the heart of PLC is its ability to transform the power lines that crisscross urban and rural areas into data highways. Data are modulated and transmitted as electrical signals through the same power lines that carry electricity to homes, businesses, and industries. This inherent integration of communication within the existing power infrastructure eliminates the need for separate communication networks, thereby reducing costs and simplifying deployment. It is a particularly attractive solution for regions where establishing new communication infrastructure is challenging or cost-prohibitive. One of the significant applications of PLC in the smart grid is advanced metering infrastructure (AMI). By incorporating PLC technology into smart meters, utilities can remotely collect detailed energy consumption data from customers. This real-time data enables accurate billing, supports demand response programs, and provides insights into load patterns for optimizing grid management. Additionally, PLC enables two-way communication, allowing utilities to send commands to smart meters for tasks such as disconnecting or reconnecting service.  
PLC's capabilities extend beyond metering. It plays a pivotal role in integrating distributed energy resources (DERs) into the grid. DERs like rooftop solar panels, wind turbines, and energy storage systems can communicate with the grid through PLC. This integration enhances grid stability by enabling bidirectional power flow and real-time adjustments based on renewable energy availability and grid conditions. Moreover, PLC facilitates demand response programs by enabling communication with smart appliances, thermostats, and other controllable devices. This empowers consumers to adjust their energy consumption based on grid signals, contributing to load management during peak demand periods, in Table 4. Nevertheless, PLC does face challenges. Signal attenuation and noise can occur due to the characteristics of power lines, potentially affecting communication quality. Additionally, regulations and standards governing electromagnetic interference must be adhered to, ensuring that PLC does not disrupt other services operating on the same frequency spectrum.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l l l l} \hline \hline \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Equipment**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Location**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Function**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Connectivity**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Status**} \\ \hline Smart Meters & Residential areas & Energy measurement & IoT network & Operational \\ \hline Substation & Neighborhood & Voltage regulation & Fiber optic & Online \\ \hline Solar Panels & Rooftops & Power generation & Microgrid & Active \\ \hline Battery Storage & Grid nodes & Energy storage & Wireless network & Ready \\ \hline Grid Sensors & Power lines & Data collection & 5G network & Deployed \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 4: The smart grid power supply reliability parameters implemented with PLC technique.