# Targeted Delivery Strategies for Hydrophilic Phytochemicals
## 4 Applications of Delivery Systems for Hydrophilic Phytochemicals  
Building upon the structural properties and encapsulation strategies discussed in the previous section, this part of the review highlights practical applications of nanocarrier-based delivery systems for selected hydrophilic plant-derived compounds. The table below (Table 2) presents a concise comparative overview of selected scientific publications focused on delivery systems for hydrophilic phytochemicals. The compounds summarized here, including apigenin, quercetin, luteolin, ferulic acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, curcumin, genistein, rutin, and others, are known for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory or therapeutic properties. These phytochemicals have been encapsulated using diverse carrier systems to improve solubility, stability, skin penetration, and targeted bioavailability. The analysis is organized according to key formulation and therapeutic aspects, including type of carrier, method of encapsulation, pharmacokinetic modifications, and targeted dermal effects. The table also expands the scope by including representative examples of compounds not discussed in detail earlier in the manuscript, thereby providing a broader view of the design and application of nanocarrier-based systems for plant-derived hydrophilic substances. Overall, the summarized data underscores the pivotal role of nanocarriers in optimizing the dermal delivery of phytochemicals. The incorporation of lipid-based systems, polymeric matrices, and hybrid formulations enables enhanced skin permeation, greater compound stability, and effective site-specific action--underscoring their promise in transdermal therapeutic applications. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Chemical Compound Encapsulated in the Carrier** & **Type of Carrier** & **Role of Carrier** &
\begin{tabular}{c} **Method of** \\ **Encapsulation** \\ \end{tabular} & **Pharmacokinetics** & **Therapeutic Effect** & **References** \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Apigenin} & Transfersomes, phytosomes, & Enhanced solubility & & & & & \\  & Transfersomes, & improved skin & & Lipid hydration, & & Prolonged release; & & Anti-inflammatory and \\  & Photosomes, & penetration; & & encapsulation, & improved retention in & & antioxidant effects; \\  & endosomes, liposomes, & controlled and & & & encapsulation, & enhanced skin & targeted delivery to \\  & hydrogels & prolonged release; & & & & & \\  & & protection from & & & & & \\  & oxidative degradation & & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Quercetin} & Liposomes, ribosomes, & Enhanced solubility & & & & & \\  & nanoliposomes, & and stability; & & & & & \\  & phytosomes, & protection from & & & & & \\  & polymeric micelles, & enzymatic and & & & & & \\  & nanocrystals, lipid & oxidative degradation; & & & & \\  & nanoparticles (SLNs, & improved penetration & & polymer/lipid & & \\  & PEVs), nanemulsions, & & & & & \\  & nanofibers, hydrogels & & & & & \\  & & & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Luteolin} & Niosomes, & Improved & Encapsulation in & Prolonged release, & & \\  & transfersomes, & physicochemical & invascues, transferso- & deeper diffusion, & & \\  & phytosomes, & stability, enhanced & & & & \\  & nanoemulsions, & skin penetration, & formulations, & & & \\  & liposomes, SLNs, & anti-inflammatory and & & phospholipid & & \\  & hydrogels & antioxidant support & & & & \\  & & & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Ferulic Acid} & Phytosomes, SLNs, & Enhanced stability, & & Lipid matrix & & & \\  & lysosomes, SLNs, & solubility, and skin & & encapsulation (SLN, & & \\  & NLCs, nanemulsions, & penetration; & & & & \\  & liposomes, hydrogels & production from & & & & \\  & & oxidative degradation; & & & & \\  & & prolonged release & & & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Summary of delivery strategies for hydrophilic phytochemicals based on reviewed scientific data. \begin{table}
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