## 4 Materials and Methods  
In the analysis of terrain deformations caused by induced seismicity, eight events with magnitudes M \(\geq\) 2.71 (by regional seismological station of the Polish Academy of Sciences) were investigated. These shocks occurred between 29 November 2016, and 7 February 2020, i.e., during the operation of the Sentinel-1A/B satellite missions. Six shocks occurred in the winter period, and two in the summer period. The highest magnitude of 3.75 was associated with two events, one on the 26 December 2017, and the other one 29 January 2019. The lowest magnitude 2.71 was associated with the event of 8 April 2017. The research methodology involved four main stages, which are presented on a scheme in Figure 3.  
To determine terrain displacements caused by these events satellite imagery of the European Space Agency Sentinel-1A/B mission were used. These twin satellites deliver new images of a given location on the Earth's surface every 6 days. All of the data acquired by these satellites are available on the Alaska Satellite Facility (ASF). Data Search website [47]. For each of the analyzed seismic shocks, pairs of images were selected with a time interval of 6, 12, 18, or 24 days for ascending (73 track) and descending (22 track) orbits, with the first image recorded before the event and the second after. In addition, files specifying the precise position of the satellites in orbit and Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) Digital Elevation Model of 30 m resolution were used. The above input data were then used in the second stage to calculate the terrain displacements with differential satellite radar interferometry (DInSAR). The DInSAR method was developed by [48; 49; 50] and is widely used for detecting displacements caused by, among other things: landslides [51; 52], earthquakes [53; 54; 55], mining exploitation [56; 57], volcano eruption [58; 59], and glacier motion [60; 61]. This method is a development of the classic InSAR method and enables the determination of relative terrain deformations based on two radar scenes that were acquired by satellites at different times for a given place on the Earth's surface. Satellite measurement is based on sending an electromagnetic wave towards the Earth, which after reflection from the earth returns to the satellite. The shift in the wave phase recorded in subsequent satellite passes indicate displacement towards the satellite's line of sight (LOS) [62]. Figure 3: Workflow of research consisting of four main stages: (**a**) collecting and preparing input data, (**b**) performing calculations using the DInSAR method, (**c**) descriptive and spatial statistics calculations, (**d**) analyzing the results in the context of deformation geometry characteristics. Calculations were performed in the GMT5 SAR program [63] and began with coregistration of image pairs. For each pair, the master image being the scene registered earlier. Each master image in a given pair came from the closest available date before the shock occurred. In the next step, an interferogram was generated, i.e., the phase difference of the electromagnetic waves coiled in 2\(\pi\) cycles, was obtained. Then, the difference between the interferogram and SRTM in radians was calculated. Through this operation, the component responsible for the topography of the examined area was eliminated from the data. To improve the quality of the differential interferogram, data filtration (Gaussian filter) was performed to remove noise. In the final step of this stage unwrapping of the phase was performed, which allows reconstruction of the full signal from the differential interferogram. The phase unwrapping was completed in the SNAPHU program using the minimum cost flow method (MCF) [64]. Based on the results of phase unwrapping, Line of Sight (LOS) displacements of terrain were generated and given the WGS-84 reference system.