# Game Analysis of Different Transportation Modes in a Corridor Considering Carbon Emission Costs
## 1 Introduction
[PERSON] [15; 16] (2012) analyzed cargo transportation mode selection through behavioral analysis, constructing a Stackelberg game model based on carrier incentive behavior, corroborated with practical examples. [PERSON] et al. [17] (2021) addressed passengers' service level sensitivity, price, and other vital factors, investigating if a revenue-sharing contract could harmonize the interests between air and high-speed rail transport, proposing an optimal revenue distribution scheme conducive to an ideal state of intermodal integration. [PERSON] et al. [18] (2014) developed three game models to scrutinize the rivalry between two carriers in the container express market, further expanding the application of game theory in assessing transportation mode competition. [PERSON] et al. [19] (2023) used Stackelberg game theory to establish a game model for air traffic control and the role played by airlines in the process of scheme selection. By obtaining the preferences of airlines for the initial allocation scheme, the range of options available for selection was narrowed, and the optimal allocation scheme was ultimately determined. In summary, the scholarly investigation into the cargo transportation market primarily concentrates on analyzing pricing strategies across different transportation modes, variations in competition and market share within freight corridors, and the decision-making behaviors and preferences of consignors. Game theory has been extensively applied to dissect the competitive dynamics among these modes. However, despite the burgeoning express cargo transportation market and the advent of high-speed rail express transportation, there is a notable scarcity of literature addressing the competition that includes high-speed rail express within the express cargo transportation sphere. Similarly, few studies have considered carbon emissions as a criterion for examining the competitive landscape among express transportation options. Addressing this gap, the current study leverages game theory methodologies to explore the competitive interactions and market share distribution between high-speed rail express transportation and other modes, aiming to identify optimal freight pricing. This study not only reveals the economic benefits of high-speed rail express but also emphasizes its importance in environmental protection. Compared to road and air transport, high-speed rail express has significantly lower carbon emissions, effectively reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Additionally, although conventional railways may be less competitive in fast freight services, their high-capacity transport capabilities offer advantages in long-distance transportation. Road transport, on the other hand, maintains a crucial position in short-distance and regional freight due to its flexibility. However, its high emission characteristics will pose greater environmental challenges in the future. By adopting reasonable pricing strategies and selecting appropriate transportation modes, logistics companies can meet market demands while achieving sustainable development goals. This research endeavors to offer a theoretical framework for transportation enterprises navigating market competition and to assist government bodies in refining emission tax rates and regulating the transportation market.