## 4 Discussion
Sixteen amateur male football players were randomly divided into groups, and their performance parameters, such as jump height, 10 m and 20 m sprint times, and range of motion, were evaluated. No significant change was observed in jump performance in the FIFA 11+, Harmoknee, and dynamic warm-up groups (\(p\) > 0.05). However, the dynamic warm-up protocol showed higher jump performance than the FIFA 11+, and Harmoknee programs. [PERSON] et al. [50] conducted a study with 24 male footballers under the age of 19, randomly dividing them into FIFA 11+ and dynamic warm-up groups. Warm-up programs were applied 3 days a week for 8 weeks. Jump heights were evaluated before the study, at the end of 8 weeks, and 1 month after the end of the study. No significant difference was found in the overall findings (\(p\) = 0.076). However, while jump height increased by 3.27 cm in the FIFA 11+ group, only a 0.41 cm increase was observed in the dynamic warm-up group. [PERSON] [51] found statistically significant improvements in vertical jump performance in the FIFA 11+ group compared to the traditional dynamic warm-up group in a 10-week study. [PERSON] et al. [52] investigated the effects of the FIFA 11+ protocol on injury risk reduction and performance enhancement in young footballers. Significant improvements were achieved, especially in vertical jump performance. It was observed that jump height was higher in active jumps performed after the FIFA 11+ programs than in those performed after other warm-up programs. This may be explained because isometric exercises performed before performance increase the stretch-shortening cycle and neuromuscular factors. The number of studies in the literature on Harmoknee, another warm-up protocol evaluated in this study, is much fewer compared to the FIFA 11+, warm-up protocol. Therefore, further research is needed on the effects of the Harmoknee protocol. In the literature, there is limited research on the effects of warm-up methods on shooting speed performance [53; 54]. These studies generally examined how static or dynamic stretching applications and aerobic running affect shooting speed performance. However, there is no study in which neuromuscular warm-up methods and shooting speed performance were evaluated together. In general, existing research has not observed a significant difference in shooting speed performance between warm-up protocols. This may be related to factors such as the population used, resting time, or sufficient pre-activation potential (PAP). Fatigue stands out as one of the elements that negatively affect shooting performance. Because inset striking and shooting performance are integral parts of football, the warm-up process must not affect the shooting speed of the players [54]. In light of this information, the intensity of warm-up protocols and recovery times needs to be carefully adjusted. Factors affecting shooting speed include technical, biomechanical, physiological, muscular strength, and neuromuscular adaptation [55,56]. Individual characteristics such as athletes' age, gender, playing position, training status, sports experience, and striking technique can also affect shooting speed performance [55,57,58]. The relationship between vertical jump height and athlete height is a complex interaction influenced by biomechanical, physiological, and anthropometric factors. Although studies have shown that there is a correlation between height and vertical jump, increased height does not directly result in higher jumps. Research emphasizes that taller height can improve jumping performance in sports such as volleyball [59] but found a negative relationship between vertical jump and body weight, indicating that other factors may limit the effect of height [60]. Other researchers found that mechanical factors such as peak vertical power and ground reaction force showed a stronger relationship with jump height, suggesting that not only neck but also individual physiological and training factors are important in jump performance [61].