## 3 Results
### Simulation Results  
Rolling up the results of the simulation for each of the DOE parameters by day of the year reveals that, in general, high-performing hybrid cars (those near 60 mpg) have a mean variable fuel cost only slightly higher than that of low-performing electric cars ($1.64 per day versus $1.58 per day). Over 8 years, one would expect (on average) total fuel variable costs to be {$4.63K, $3.47K, $2.78K, $57.18K, $55.74K, $4.79K} for {3 mpkWh, 4 mpkWh, 5 mpkWh, 40 mpg, 50 mpg, 60 mpg} respectively. Table 4 compares the daily cost by DOE parameters. The average cpkWh was 13.09 cents, with a maximum of 13.46 cents, and the average cost per gallon of regular gasoline was $2.70, with a maximum of $2.82. Running time series across the average of all DOE parameters reveals that hybrid car variable costs, on average, are significantly larger than those of electric cars due to gasoline prices. Figure 6 illustrates this difference. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**n = 365 Days**} & **Mean for** & **Mean for** & **Mean for** & **Mean for** & **Mean for** \\  & **3 mpkWh** & **4 mpkWh** & **5 mpkWh** & **40 mpg** & **50 mpg** & **60 mpg** \\ \hline Mean & $1.58 & $1.19 & $0.95 & $2.46 & $1.97 & $1.64 \\ Std. Error & $0.03 & $0.02 & $0.02 & $0.05 & $0.04 & $0.03 \\ Median & $1.46 & $1.10 & $0.88 & $2.29 & $1.83 & $1.53 \\ Std. Dev. & $0.58 & $0.44 & $0.35 & $0.91 & $0.72 & $0.60 \\ Range & $2.91 & $2.18 & $1.75 & $4.45 & $3.56 & $2.97 \\ Minimum & $0.44 & $0.33 & $0.26 & $0.68 & $0.54 & $0.45 \\ Maximum & $3.35 & $2.51 & $2.01 & $5.13 & $4.10 & $3.42 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: Results of the simulation. A [PERSON]'s test for data averaged by day across the six DOE parameters revealed statistically significant differences (H = 1825, \(p<0.001\)). Wilcoxon Signed Rank tests (paired on the day) are all statistically significant as well (\(p<0.001\) in all cases), indicating statistical differences among all combinations of parameters. The small effect size between hybrids at 60 mpg and electric cars at 3 mpkWh may be practically irrelevant, particularly when considering acquisition costs. Table 5 provides a detailed breakdown of the eight-year total costs of ownership per possible vehicle evaluated in this study. Fuel cost estimates were interpolated when falling between DOE parameters. The top six vehicles in terms of ownership costs include three hybrids and three electric vehicles, all within $800 of each other. To place this in context, a $100 error in the insurance estimate (which is based solely on initial price) would affect the order of these vehicles. The top 10 vehicles are within $3014 of each other, which is not a large deviation in terms of an 8-year ownership life.  
It is important to note that if insurance based on car value is removed from this equation, then the top five vehicles are indeed electric (see Table 6). Looking at the top 14 with insurance estimates removed shows that 7 are hybrids and 7 are electric cars, all within $5851 of each other. Over 8 years, that is $731 per year. Figure 6: Time series for electric vs. hybrid car costs averaged over all design of experiments (DOE) parameters reveal that battery electric vehicles (BEV) variable costs are generally lower than plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV) costs. The black vertical lines represent the distance between the two cost structures. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline