## 3 Results  
### Electrophysiological Results  
Statistical analyses of the mean amplitude (\(\pm\)SEM) of early P\({}_{\rm D}\), with an overall amplitude of 0.28 (\(\pm\)0.07) \(\upmu\)V, revealed a non-significant main effect of the VWM capacity load (\(F_{(1,\,31)}=1.11\), \(p=0.30\), and \(\upeta\)p2 = 0.03) or interactions between the VWM capacity load and the state depression group (\(F_{(1,\,31)}=1.31\), \(p=0.26\), and \(\upeta\)p2 = 0.04). Crucially, there was a significant main effect of the state depression group, with \(F_{(1,\,31)}=9.05\), \(p<0.01\), and \(\upeta\)p2 = 0.23. The mean amplitude of the early P\({}_{\rm D}\) was 0.07 (\(\pm\)0.11) \(\upmu\)V in the case of the HSD group and 0.49 (\(\pm\)0.09) \(\upmu\)V for the LSD group. One-sample t-tests with a test value of 0 revealed that, in the case of HSD individuals, the magnitude of early P\({}_{\rm D}\) did not reach statistical significance at both levels of VWM capacity loads: low load (1) of 0.07 (\(\pm\)0.18) \(\upmu\)V, with \(t_{(13)}=0.42\), \(p=0.68\); and high load (4) of 0.06 (\(\pm\)0.13) \(\upmu\)V, with \(t_{(13)}=0.47\), \(p=0.64\). In contrast, in the case of LSD individuals, there was a significant magnitude of early P at both levels of VWM capacity loads: a low load (1) of 0.35 (\(\pm\)0.12) \(\upmu\)V, with \(t_{\text{(18)}}\) = 2.95, \(p\) < 0.01; and high load (4) of 0.62 (\(\pm\)0.11) \(\upmu\)V, with \(t_{\text{(18)}}\) = 5.87, \(p\) < 0.001. Statistical analyses of the mean amplitude (\(\pm\)SEM) of N2 pc, with an overall amplitude of \(-\)0.23 (\(\pm\)0.11) \(\upmu\)V, revealed a non-significant main effect of the VWM capacity load, (\(F_{\text{(1, 31)}}\) = 2.14, \(p\) = 0.15, and \(\upeta\)p2 = 0.06) or interactions between the VWM capacity load and the state depression group (\(F_{\text{(1, 31)}}\) = 0.84, \(p\) = 0.36, and \(\upeta\)p2 = 0.03). Lastly, the main effect of the state depression group was not significant, with \(F_{\text{(1, 31)}}\) = 1.96, \(p\) = 0.17, and \(\upeta\)p2 = 0.06. The mean amplitude of N2 pc was \(-\)0.38 (\(\pm\)0.17) \(\upmu\)V in the case of the HSD group and \(-\)0.07 (\(\pm\)0.14) \(\upmu\)V for the LSD group. One-sample \(t\)-tests with a test value of 0 revealed that, in the case of HSD individuals, in the low-VWM-capacity-load (1) condition, there was a significant N2 pc magnitude of \(-\)0.42 (\(\pm\)0.19) \(\upmu\)V, with \(t_{\text{(13)}}\) = \(-\)2.21 and \(p\) < 0.05. However, in the high VWM capacity load (4), the N2 pc magnitude of \(-\)0.33 (\(\pm\)0.19) \(\upmu\)V did not reach statistical significance, with \(t_{\text{(13)}}\) = \(-\)1.76 and \(p\) = 0.10. In the case of LSD individuals, the magnitude of N2 pc was \(-\)0.27 (\(\pm\)0.19) \(\upmu\)V at low (1) and \(-\)0.12 (\(\pm\)0.19) \(\upmu\)V at high (4) VWM capacity load conditions and did not reach statistical significance (\(t_{\text{(18)}}\) = \(-\)1.44, \(p\) = 0.17; and \(t_{\text{(18)}}\) = 0.64, \(p\) = 0.53, respectively). The output file of the statistical analysis conducted on ERP data can be found in the Supplementary Materials. The grand averages of the lateralized early \(\text{P}_{\text{D}}\) and N2 pc at PO7/8 electrodes comparing the two groups of participants for low and high VWM loads are shown in Figure 2.  
Figure 2: Grand averages of lateralized early \(\text{P}_{\text{D}}\) and N2 pc ERP components at parieto-occipital PO7/8 electrode sites from the distractor array onset comparing low-state-depression (LSD) and high-state-depression (HSD) groups. (**A**) Lateralized ERPs at low-visual-working-memory capacity loads (i.e., one abstract shape encoded in VWM); (**B**) lateralized ERPs at high-visual-working-memory capacity loads (i.e., four abstract shapes encoded in VWM). Overall, LSD individuals successfully suppressed the singleton distractor, showing early \(\text{P}_{\text{D}}\) and the absence of N2 pc.