## 2 Related Work  
This section presents and analyzes the results obtained after conducting related work research focused on architectures that improve loose coupling using EAI. The most used for this purpose is SOA (Service Oriented Architecture) [5; 6; 7; 8; 9; 10; 11; 12; 13; 14; 15; 16; 17]. The integration corresponds to an orchestration of technologies supported by existing communication protocols such as SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol) and HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol), among others. A case study that explores the evolution of an established legacy system towards a more maintainable Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) is presented in reference [5]. The suggested approach entails the restoration of the legacy system's architecture as an initial phase, enabling the formulation and implementation of a targeted evolution plan. The case study focuses on a medical imaging system, demonstrating its transformation into a service-based model. In reference [6], the authors focus on developing an SOA-based model for Information Technologies (IT) integration into Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). They applied the proposed model involving some key elements (Roadside Unit (RSU) and navigation systems) to generate value-added ITS. A case study has been designed and implemented to illustrate the application of the model to an effective ITS service (parking management system) that includes all the components of our model. A service-oriented model for information integration is presented in reference [7]. The model mainly focuses on giving a complete structure for information integration that is adaptable to any environment. The information is converted into service, and then the information services are integrated through service-oriented integration to provide the information as a service. The author in reference [8] proposes a new concept of SOA/ESB architecture for WSNs, called \"miniSOA/ESB\", to address the problem of the restricted computing power and processing capacity of the sensors node due to the fact that it may not be possible for sensor data to be encoded in an XML format within SOAP envelops or being transported using internet protocol to applications. Reference [9] combines the technology of web services and ServiceMix bus (a frame of SOA-based loose-coupling system integration) to effectively resolve the existing systems' problems, including information delay and the ineffective management of customer expectations. The research in reference [10] analyzes the characteristics of SOA. It determines that it cannot meet some characteristics of mission-critical applications such as high availability, continuous operation, high flexibility, high performance, etc. Also, the concept of ADS and its architecture was explored, and it was found that such requirements are satisfied by this system-designing paradigm. The authors present a novel SOA-ADS modeling approach called Autonomous Decentralized Service Oriented Architecture (ADSOA); the Low Coupling Synchronization and Transactional Delivery Technology was proposed to ensure data consistency and high application availability. A prototype tested the effectiveness and feasibility of the ADSOA and the proposed technology. A combination of SOA and Web service technology that simplifies the application integration into the development and use of services, solving the connectivity of the isomerous platform, security, loose coupling between systems, and refactoring and optimizing the processes is presented in reference [11]. The research integrates the isomerous enterprise systems, applications, and business processes and composes the application environment of the data sources as a whole system. In addition, the technique standards, such as SOAP, WSDL, BPEL, and WDDI, are studied. The authors in [12] propose a security architecture constructed as an adaptive way-forward Internet-of-Things (IoT)-friendly security solution that is comprised of three cyclic parts: learn, predict, and prevent.