esa-sceva/satcom-chunk-collection huggingface dataset:
Nevertheless, this protocol may hard to be implemented with the current technology when the number of players is large. Moreover, the tolerable losses of the channel in the protocol are very small. To alleviate the implementation difficulties of entanglement-based QSS, some previous works [28; 29] have proposed single qubit sequential QSS schemes. However, the general security of these schemes is still contentious [30; 31]. In particular, these schemes are vulnerable to Trojan horse attacks owing to that such a design allows a spiteful eavesdropper Eve to accurately determine the corresponding polarization rotation by measuring the output of multi-photon signals she sends to the polarization rotation device of the targeted player in the link. Recently, [PERSON] et al. [32] proposed a sequential CVQSS protocol by employing double homodyne detectors and traditional laser sources. The main idea of the protocol is that each player locally preform Gaussian modulation to prepare a standard coherent state and merges it into a circulating spatiotemporal mode by using a beam splitter. This design can prevent the eavesdropper from accessing the preparation process of quantum states, so that the protocol is immune to Trojan horse attacks. More recently, some further works [33; 34; 35] have been proposed to improve the performance of the sequential CVQSS protocol. [PERSON] et al. [33] proposed a more convenient implementation of sequential CVQSS by using a thermal source and further improved the tolerance of the number of players. [PERSON] et al. [34] further improved the maximal transmission distance of sequential CVQSS by using discrete modulated coherent states. [PERSON] et al. [35] proposed an improved \((t,n)\) threshold sequential CVQSS scheme based on the Lagrange interpolation formula and Gaussian modulated coherent states. In this paper, inspired by [PERSON] et al. 's work [32], we propose a CVQSS scheme based on thermal THz sources in inter-satellite wireless links (THz-CVQSS). In this scheme, instead of using optical photons to carry information and transmitting them by wired telecom fiber channels, we use THz photons to carry information and transmit them through wireless inter-satellite links. Similar to the original sequential CVQSS, the main idea of THz-CVQSS is that each player locally preforms Gaussian modulation to prepare a standard Gaussian-modulated thermal state (GMTS) and couples it into a circulating spatiotemporal mode using a highly asymmetric beam splitter (HABS), which can be efficiently immune to Trojan horse attacks. We apply an inter-satellite channel model to the THz-CVQSS and analyze both the security and the performance of the protocol. Simulationresults strongly support the feasibility of the long-distance THz-CVQSS in inter-satellite links. This paper is organized as follows. In Section 2, we show details of THz-CVQSS and analyze its security. In Section 3, we evaluate the secret key rate in inter-satellite links. Finally, in Section 4, we draw the conclusions.
## 2 Materials and Methods
### Isolation of Volatiles  
To increase the reliability of the analysis over the GC-MS, which sometimes gives ambiguous results, we tried to isolate pure compounds, and as many as possible. To isolate the selected volatiles, the seed EO (25.5 g) was fractional-distilled under reduced pressure. The rectification residue (1.63 g) was subjected to flash chromatography (FC) based on silica gel 60 (0.040-0.063 mm mesh, Merck) in a glass FC column of a 30 mm diameter, with, at first, _n_-hexane (Poch Production, Gliwice, Poland) as eluent, and then increasing amounts of diethyl ether (Poch Production, Gliwice, Poland), under the nitrogen as a propellant. The eluent was collected in 15 mL tubes. The separation was monitored via the thin-layer chromatography (TLC) method on a Kieselgel 60 aluminum plate (Merck). This methodology was also used in our previous experiments [19]. Seventeen fractions (1-17) were collected. All were analyzed using the above-described GC-MS method. Structures of 14 EO compounds were confirmed using \({}^{1}\)H-NMR spectroscopy: **1** (264 mg) (_E_)-\(\beta\)-caryophyllene (25.6%), longifolene (22.0%); **2** (110 mg) \(\alpha\)-humulene (61.1%), \(\beta\)-elemene (10.1%); **6** (138 mg) \(\alpha\)-terpinyl acetate (40.9%), dihydroragaforufurane (19.9%); **7** (38 mg) (_E_,_E_)-farnesyl acetate (58.3%); **8** (208 mg) (_E_)-\(\beta\)-caryophyllene epoxide (38.7%); **9** (55 mg) (_E_,_E_)-farnesyl (27.4%); **10** (25 mg) \(\gamma\)-eudesmol (28.1%), (_E_)-nerolidol (15.8%); **14** (101 mg)(\(E\),\(E\))-farnesol (38.0%),\(\beta\)-elemol (14.0%). The masses of the fractions are presented in the first brackets, and the percentages of volatiles identified with the GC-FID detector are shown in the second brackets.
## Nomenclature  
\begin{tabular}{l l l l} \hline \hline
**Symbol** & **Description** & **Symbol** & **Description** \\ \hline \(T_{f}\) & appliance finishing time & \(T_{on}\) & appliance scheduled on time \\ \(T_{0}\) & initial appliance starting time & \(\delta t_{w}^{n}\) & appliance waiting time \\ \(T_{lot}\) & length of operation time & \(T\) & total time horizon \\ \(E_{con}\) & energy consumption of appliance & \(E_{th}\) & energy consumption threshold \\ \(E_{con}^{min}\) & minimum energy consumption & \(E_{ss}\) & energy consumption using scheduler \\ \(E_{con}^{max}\) & maximum energy consumption & \(E_{ssd}\) & energy consumption with delay \\ \(E_{mr}\) & energy consumption of must run appliances & \(E_{con}^{max}\) & maximum energy consumption \\ \(T_{sch}\) & scheduling horizon & \(T_{s}\) & unscheduled appliance starting time \\ \(E_{t}\) & total energy consumption & \(\lambda_{a}\) & boolean variable for on/off status \\ \(Cost_{sav_{n}}^{s}\) & set of electricity cost saving for appliance \(n\) & \(Cost_{sav}^{min}\) & minimum electricity cost saving \\ \(Cost_{sav}^{max}\) & maximum electricity cost saving & \(S\) & set of all possible scenario \\ \(S_{0}\) & set of all possible solutions & \(z^{s}(i_{n})\) & given solution \\ \(z^{ss}(i_{n})\) & optimal solution & \(r_{max}^{s}\) & maximum regret \\ \(C_{t}\) & total energy capacity & \(C\) & electricity cost \\ \(C_{RE}\) & electricity cost with renewable energy source & \(r^{s}\) & associated regret of solution \(s\) \\ \(max_{load}\) & maximum electricity load & \(average_{load}\) & average electricity load \\ \(x_{(t,i)}\) & energy unit price & \(\delta_{t}\) & small change in time \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
# Fast Connectivity Construction via Deep Channel Learning Cognition in Beyond 5G D2D Networks
## 4 Performance Analysis  
In this section, the performance of the proposed framework with on-node cognitive computing is evaluated. For the performance analysis, the proof-of-concept based on a smart mobile device is developed [27; 28]. All the process of the proposed framework, including LMK, is implemented on the smart mobile device. The detailed implementation and experimental environments are elaborated in the following subsections.
## 2 Design Methodology
### Displacement Amplification Analysis  
Displacement amplification \(A_{amp}\) is the ratio of the output and input displacement, \(y_{out}\) and \(y_{in}\), respectively. This section derives the analytical equation for \(A_{amp}\) using the velocity method, with the translational velocity of the points and the angular velocity of the links. A simplified dynamic model is used for modeling the CM in Figure 2, where all links are assumed to be rigid, and revolute joints replace all semicircular elastic hinges. Due to the symmetrical design of the mechanism, only half of the structure is modeled, as shown in Figure 3.  
Figure 2: Schematic of a high-precision compliant feed drive mechanism.  
It is noted that the translational velocity of points \(M,\ N\), and \(P\) can be easily written from the angular velocity of the corresponding links:  
\[V_{M}=\omega_{1}L_{OM} \tag{1}\]  
\[V_{N}=\omega_{2}L_{O_{1}N}=\omega_{1}L_{ON} \tag{2}\]  
\[V_{P}=\omega_{2}L_{O_{1}P} \tag{3}\]  
where, \(\omega_{1}\) and \(\omega_{2}\) are the angular velocity of the links \(OM\) and \(O_{1}P\), respectively. Therefore:  
\[A_{amp}=\frac{y_{out}}{y_{in}}\cong\frac{V_{P}}{V_{M}}=\frac{\omega_{2}L_{O_{1 }P}}{\omega_{1}L_{OM}}=\frac{L_{ON}L_{O_{1}P}}{L_{O_{1}N}L_{OM}} \tag{4}\]  
In addition to using the velocity method to calculate the amplification ratio, \(A_{amp}\) can be easily derived using simple geometric relations when the CM has already been approximated as a rigid mechanism. Some inaccuracies may be present in this simplified model, since the internal force, offset of the rotation center of the flexure hinge, and deformation of the rigid link are not considered. However, the lengths of all links fulfilling the specified requirements are promptly determined. This step helps to reduce the number of design parameters in the later phase.
## 2 Study Area, Dataset, and Methodology
### Methodological Steps to Address Biases and Uncertainties  
To enhance the accuracy of trend detection, this study undertook specific steps to minimize biases and uncertainties in NDVI and nighttime light data processing. For NDVI data, the S-G filtering method was applied to reduce noise without distorting the data trends [47]. This filter was selected for its effectiveness in preserving the temporal structure of NDVI signals while removing short-term fluctuations. Parameters for the S-G filter were optimized based on prior studies and data characteristics to ensure the smoothest representation of NDVI changes across seasons. For nighttime light data, consistency adjustments, including pseudo-invariant pixel calibration, were applied to align the DMSP-OLS and VIIRS datasets and achieve comparability across different years. This calibration process ensured that trends observed in nighttime light intensity accurately reflected real changes in urbanization levels rather than sensor discrepancies. These data processing methods improve the reliability of the results, enhancing transparency and reproducibility.
## 2 Structure Design and Theoretical Analysis  
### Structural Layout and Device Fabrication  
The asymmetric all-dielectric metasurface structure was designed as shown in Figure 1a. Through the processes of masking, photolithography, and reactive ion beam etching on a high resistance silicon wafer, a deep etching relief pattern with a height of \(H=230\)\(\upmu\)m was obtained. This metasurface consisted of a periodic array of crescent cylinders with the period of unit cell \(P=450\)\(\upmu\)m. Each crescent cylinder was produced in the following way. A cylinder with a radius of \(R_{1}=200\)\(\upmu\)m was etched away by a cylinder with a radius of \(R_{2}=100\)\(\upmu\)m at a distance of \(120\)\(\upmu\)m from the center of the larger cylinder. The SEM images of the device are presented in Figure 1b.c. The remaining substrate was silicon with a thickness of \(d=270\)\(\upmu\)m.
# IoT Services for Monitoring Food Supply Chains
## 4 Results and Discussion
In cold chain monitoring trials in Spain (2022), focused on citrus exports, the spoilage rate during transportation decreased from approximately 8.3% to 2.5% after the introduction of LoRa-based monitoring, representing a nearly 70% reduction in waste. Similarly, in a greenhouse monitoring case study in Italy (IoF2020 project), stabilising temperature and humidity led to a 40% decrease in fungal infections and resulted in a 5% increase in marketable yield. These quantified outcomes demonstrate the system's effectiveness in preventing losses, enhancing product integrity, and promoting sustainable food logistics [34]. The findings from this implementation highlight that continuous, real-time monitoring of environmental conditions allows for meticulous regulation of temperature variations. This precise control is crucial, as it significantly diminishes the likelihood of spoilage, thereby enhancing the overall integrity of the products. Furthermore, the system ensures adherence to essential cold chain logistics requirements, which are vital for preserving perishable goods. By maintaining optimal conditions during transit, the IoT-based system not only protects agirofood products but also contributes to greater consumer confidence, sat isfaction, and compliance with industry standards and regulations. Overall, this innovative approach represents a pivotal step forward in the realm of food transport, effectively addressing the challenges associated with maintaining product quality in an ever-demanding market [15].
# NMR-MPar: A Fault-Tolerance Approach for Multi-Core and Many-Core Processors
## 3 N-Modular Redundancy and M-Partitions Approach
### Case-Study: NMR-MPar Implemented on the MPPA-256 Processor  
This case-study implements the NMR-MPar approach to improve the reliability on parallel applications running on the MPPA-256 many-core processor. The latter is a clusterized device that implements two Input Output cluster (IOs) for external communication and minimal processing and sixteen Compute Clusters (CCs) exclusively for processing. The IO cluster is comprised by eight cores called Resource Managers (RMs), while each CC consists of one RM in charge of managing the resources and sixteen Processing Engines (PEs) cores for computing. Both types of clusters include a private Static Memory (SMEM). The intra-cluster communication is achieved by buses, while the inter-cluster communication is performed by using two Network-on-Chips (NoCs).  
The great configuration flexibility of the MPPA allows running independent applications per cluster or programming multi-cluster applications in a classic master/slave scheme, where the IO cluster performs as the master. For inter-cluster communication, the manufacturer provides a library with a set of functions for data exchanges through the MPPA NoC. Since, the MPPA is a coprocessor, a CPU host (HOST) is needed to manage it. The communication between the HOST and the MPPA is achieved using specific drivers provided by the manufacturer.  
Two types of distributed applications were evaluated: CPU-bound and memory bound, the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) and the Matrix Multiplication (MM), respectively. The importance of selecting two different natures of application lies in testing different complementary on-chip resources, which allows verifying the effectiveness of the approach under different scenarios. Additional details of the target device and both applications are provided in Section 6.
# Elevation Angle Characterization for LEO Satellites: First and Second Order Statistics
## 2 Materials and Methods  
### Elevation Angle Definition  
The elevation angle, \(\theta\), for an ES can be defined as the angle between the local horizon and the satellite. Several sources such as [10; 11; 12] contain expressions to calculate \(\theta\) from geometrical relations between the satellite and the ES instantaneous positions. One of those definitions is as follows  
\[\theta=\arctan\left(\frac{\cos\Delta\cos\phi_{\text{ES}}-(r_{\text{E,O}}/r_{ \text{S,O}})}{\sqrt{1-\cos^{2}\Delta\cos^{2}\phi_{\text{ES}}}}\right), \tag{1}\]  
where \(r_{\text{E,O}}\) and \(r_{\text{S,O}}\) are the distances from the center of the Earth, \(O\), to the ES and the satellite, respectively; \(\phi_{\text{ES}}\) is the latitude at which the ES is located (in degrees); \(M\) is the subsatellite point, which corresponds to the latitude and longitude of the satellite instantaneous position; and \(\Delta\) is the difference in longitude between the ES and \(M\) (in degrees). Figure 3a shows a derivation of \(\theta\) based on (1).  
Figure 2: Basic structure and contents of this article.
# Elliptic Curve Signcryption-Based Mutual Authentication Protocol for Smart Cards
## 6 Analysis of Security Functionalities of ECSSP-SC
### Analysis of Resistance Capability of ECSSP-SC against Attacks
#### 6.2.5. Resistance to Offline Password Guessing Attacks  
It has been explained and shown that no confidential information including the user's password \(PWD\) can be obtained from both the messages \(\{c,T,w,\ T_{U}\}\) and \(\{A_{S}.T_{S}\}\). Furthermore, any component from both the messages cannot be used in verifying the validity of the password guessed by an _Attacker A_. Furthermore, without the possession of secret \(v\), it is infeasible for the _Attacker A_ to confirm the validity of the guessed password. According to Assumption 1 and Assumption 5, secret \(v\) cannot be revealed. Thus, ECSSP-SC can successfully counter offline password guessing attacks.
## 1 Introduction
Recently, the variational Bayesian (VB) inference method [27; 28; 29; 30; 31] has drawn extensive attentions, which utilizes a new simpler, analytically tractable distribution to approximate the true posterior distribution so as to avoid the direct complex calculation of multi-dimensional probability density function. [PERSON] et al. [27] adopted the VB method for joint recursive estimation of the dynamic state and the time-varying measurement noise parameters in linear state space models. [PERSON] et al. [28] employed VB approximation for the unscented Kalman filter to estimate the time-varying measurement noise covariance so as to improve algorithm adaptability. [PERSON] et al. [29] proposed a VB method to estimate the system states with unknown inputs. [PERSON] et al. [30] combined the VB method with the shifted Rayleigh filter to jointly estimate the target position and the clutter probability so that improving the performance of bearings-only target tracking. In [31], the VB approach was applied to estimate the ARX model parameters along with time delays. In this paper, we combine the idea of variational Bayesian inference with the dual EKF algorithm (VB-ADEKF) to jointly estimate the battery parameters and SOC of lithium-ion batteries of electric vehicles. Meanwhile, the measurement noise variances are simultaneously estimated with the state estimation to account for the battery model uncertainties and measurement uncertainties, minimizing the impact of model mismatch. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm has been verified through experiments under different operating conditions. The results show that the proposed VB-ADEKF algorithm outperforms the dual EKF algorithm in terms of SOC estimation accuracy, convergence rate, and robustness. The mean SOC estimation error of VB-ADEKF is under 1% for most of the time. The remainder of this paper is organized as follows: Section 2 describes the battery model, the definition of SOC and establishes the state space models for SOC estimation and battery parameter estimation. Section 3 illustrates the variational Bayesian approximation-based adaptive Kalman filter and Section 4 presents the proposed variational Bayesian approximation-based adaptive dual extended Kalman filter. The experimental verification and analysis are presented in Section 5. Finally, Section 6 provides a conclusion.
# Identification by GC-MS Analysis of Organics in Manufactured Articles through a D-Optimal Design
## 3 Results
### GC-MS Analysis  
All the identified compounds of each sample are reported in the Supplementary Materials (Tables S2-S14), indicating in which experiment each molecule was found. The tables below (Tables 3 and 4) show only the most characteristic compounds of each sample. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Sample** & **Compound** & **CAS** & **t\({}_{\textbf{R}}\) (min)** & **\# ID** \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{A} & phenol & 108-95-2 & 5.2 & 1 \\  & 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde & 90-02-8 & 6.0 & 2 \\  & 4-methylphenol & 106-44-5 & 6.3 & 3 \\  & benzoic acid & 65-85-0 & 7.5 & 4 \\  & 1,3,5,7-tetrazatricyclool[3.3.1.13,7]decane & 100-97-0 & 8.2 & 5 \\  & 2-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]phenol & 2467-02-9 & 14.0 & 6 \\  & 2-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]phenol & 2467-0
# A Multi-Resolution Approach to GAN-Based Speech Enhancement
## 5 Experiments and Results
### Comparison with Conventional GAN-Based Speech Enhancement Techniques  
Table 4 shows the comparison with other GAN-based speech enhancement methods that have the E2E structure. The GAN-based enhancement techniques which were evaluated in this experiment are as follows: **SEGAN**[22] has the U-net structure with conditional GAN. Similar to the structure of SEGAN, **AECNN**[26] is trained to only minimize \(L_{1}\) loss, and **SERGAN**[26] is based on relativistic GAN. **CP-GAN**[40] has modified the generator and discriminator of SERGAN to utilize contextual information of the speech. The progressive generator without adversarial training even showed better results than CP-GAN on PESQ and CBAK. Finally, the progressive generator with the multi-scale discriminator outperformed the other GAN-based speech enhancement methods for three metrics.  
Figure 5: Spectrograms from the top to the bottom correspond to clean speech, noisy speech, enhanced speech by AECNN, SERGAN, progressive generator, progressive generator with multi-scale discriminator, respectively.
## 3 Results and Discussion  
### Participation, Characteristics of the Study Population  
The total number of submitted questionnaires was 134 out of the approximately 265 invited occupants (response rate 51%). The response rate per building ranged from 33% to 73%. Table 1 presents the type of activities in each building and the corresponding response rate. Twenty-five percent of the buildings were located in urban areas, 50% in suburban and 25% in the city center. Regarding the ventilation method, 25% were mechanically ventilated and the rest of them were naturally ventilated.  
From the total sample, 37% and 63% of the occupants were men and women, respectively. The mean age of respondents was 44.5 (\(\pm\)9.8) years old (range 21-64) and up to 96% had a graduate or postgraduate education. Concerning lifestyle, 27% were smokers, 49% consumed alcohol, and respondents worked out 2.1 h per week on average. Regarding the medical history of the participants, the most frequent reported responses were allergy (23%), anxiety (19%) and high lipids in the blood (19%) (Figure 2). Most of the office occupants  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Building** & **Type of Activity/Location** & **Invited** & **Responders** & **Response** & **Floor of** & \\  & **(_n_)** & **(_n_)** & **Rate (\%)** & **Selected** & **Type of** & **Ventilation** \\  & & & & & & **Room** & \\ \hline B1 & Construction/Suburban & 15 & 11 & 73.3 & 1 & Mechanical \\ B2 & University offices/Suburban & 40 & 24 & 60.0 & 3 & Natural \\ B3 & Public sector/City center & 80 & 43 & 53.8 & 3 & Natural \\ B4 & Public-Municipal sector/Urban & 30 & 14 & 46.7 & 1 & Mechanical \\ B5 & Public-Municipal sector/Suburban & 25 & 12 & 48.0 & 3 & Natural \\ B6 & Public-Municipal sector/City center & 30 & 10 & 33.3 & 1 & Natural \\ B7 & Research center/Suburban & 25 & 10 & 40.0 & 1 & Natural \\ B8 & University offices/Urban & 20 & 10 & 50.0 & 2 & Natural \\  & Total & 265 & 134 & 50.6 & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 1: Type of buildings and response rates.  
described their work type as \"Clerical-secretarial\" (68.2%), followed by the \"professional\" (22.7%) and the \"managerial\" group (9.1%).