In other words, tunnel resilience and user safety were not coupled to each other; consequently, the effects of a strategy to recover the functionality of a tunnel that might influence user safety or vice versa were not considered. A simultaneous analysis of user safety and resilience now represents an important topic of discussion in the field of tunnel engineering, in particular for tunnel management agencies (TMAs). This represents a primary justification for the present research. This study complements our previous research studies by coupling user safety and tunnel resilience, to provide additional perspectives on relevant factors, as well as to suggest certain recovery strategies in order to enhance the resilience of tunnels without neglecting user safety. Moreover, it facilitates the dissemination of additional information for road tunnel management. A twin-tube motorway tunnel was investigated. We developed two computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models for scenarios of the partial or complete closure of a tube; then, the corresponding evacuation processes were simulated to evaluate exposure risk to users due to different types of fire. The results obtained were applied in a quantitative risk analysis (QRA), based on a probabilistic approach, to build F-N curves for each scenario investigated. Comparisons between the F-N curves and tunnel resilience were carried out to optimize the choice of recovery strategy in relation to user safety. Given that it was not obvious how the implementation of certain recovery measures for improving the tunnel resilience might simultaneously combine with user safety in the event of a fire, we reviewed our assumptions with a view to obtaining a deeper understanding of both safety and resilience at the same time. In the light of the above considerations, it needs to be stressed that the main objective of the present study was to couple a resilience analysis of twin-tube road tunnels with a risk assessment for users in the event of a fire that might occur during the partial or complete closure of a tube. The findings might be useful for understanding whether the recovery strategies implemented to restore the functionality of the system in the event of a traffic accident in a road tunnel are suitable also from the point of view of user safety. The scientific significance of the present study lies in the improvement of knowledge in the field of both fire safety engineering and tunnel management, by providing additional insights on both user safety and tunnel resilience, and in the dissemination of further information for the operating conditions of tunnels in the event of emergency. The paper is organized as follows: the next section contains a description of the tunnel investigated. Subsequently, the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling and people egress process are presented and implemented. Then, the quantitative risk analysis (QRA) is described, and the frequency (F) of potential fatalities (N) is quantified. The results are then reported and commented on, and comparisons are made with tunnel resilience for the different scenarios investigated. Finally, some conclusions are drawn and recommendations for practical applications are made, and future research possibilities are discussed.