## 1 Introduction
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Scenarios** & **Authors** & **Objects** & **Methods** & **Conclusions** \\ \hline [PERSON] & [PERSON] [9] & Chemical park & CNN/ FLACS & Location and wind direction of leakage sources in chemical industrial parks with complex obstacles identified \\ [PERSON] & [PERSON] [10] & GRE composites & Experiments/COMSOL & Analyzing the diffusivity and solubility of ethane after leakage at different operating pressures and temperatures \\ [PERSON] & [PERSON] [11] & Soot emission & Simulations/Fluent & Laminar diffusion flame characteristics of ethane at atmospheric pressure analyzed \\ [PERSON] & [PERSON] [12] & Mixture of fuel and air & Simulations/Fluent & Verification of the explosion and combustion characteristics of ethane–air mixtures in closed containers of different scales \\ [PERSON] & [PERSON] [13] & Buried pipe & Simulations/CFD & The rate of ethane leakage depends on the hydraulic diameter of the hole and on the pipe pressure. \\ [PERSON] & [PERSON] [14] & Building & Simulations/ANSYS & Leakage of a mixture such as ethane releases more than 10 times the energy of TNT \\ [PERSON] & [PERSON] [15] & Reinforced concrete foundations & Elimulations/FEM & Ethane leaks are unlikely to affect the mechanical properties of concrete and steel reinforcement in foundations \\ [PERSON] & [PERSON] [16] & Simple closed geometry & Simulations/CFD & Ethane forms a narrow flammable zone with a low diffusion rate \\ Leak & Cheng [17] & Ethylene oxide tanks & Simulations/ALOHA & Toxicity hazards from ethylene oxide tank leaks are greater in the summer than in the winter \\ Leak & Huang [18] & Vapor phase ethane piping & Simulations/CFD & Different leak apertures and changes in wind speed can affect the spread of ethane leaks \\ Leak & Ma [19] & Ethane high pressure pipes & Experiments & Leak direction and diameter have an effect on ethane diffusion \\ Leak & Sun [20] & Tanker truck in tunnel & Experiments/CFD & When the direction of leakage changes from horizontal to vertical, the gas is more likely to accumulate \\ Diffusion & You [21] & Storage and distribution station tanks & Simulations/PHAST & Deakage spreading distance is proportional to leakage aperture size and inversely proportional to wind velocity \\ Diffusion & Baalisampang [22] & Complex geometry & Simulations/CFD & Higher equipment congestion increases gas retention time and exacerbates the formation of isolated gas clouds \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Studies related to ethane leakage, dispersion, and explosion. The primary research subjects in studies on ethane leakage include ethane pipelines, ethane storage tanks, and petrochemical industrial parks. The risk factors associated with ethane leakage incidents encompass a range of variables such as initial pressure, leak direction, leak orifice size, wind speed and direction, temperature, pressure, and the presence of obstacles. These numerical simulation methods are primarily used to model fluid dynamics behavior, predict the dispersion and combustion phenomena following an ethane leak, and focus on the simulation of physical processes. However, they do not account for uncertainties during the ethane leakage process, the various influencing factors of the leak, and their interactions. In contrast, FTA and FBNs focus on risk identification, quantification, and interaction. They provide an overall risk assessment from a system safety perspective, not only focusing on physical processes but also considering the influence of human factors, environmental factors, and other aspects. Regarding risk assessment methods, many scholars have conducted extensive research, and FTA is a widely used reliability assessment technique, as for example, in [23], [PERSON] [24] utilized FTA to identify the risk factors affecting the success of inter-basin water transfer plans.