## 4 Applications of WSN in Urban Areas
### Gully Pot Monitoring  
In urban areas, sewer flooding is a major issue caused by factors like heavy rainfall, poor drainage, and blockages. Gully pot monitoring through WSNs provides a proactive solution by placing sensors in gully pots to monitor water levels and detect issues in real time. These data are sent to a central system for prompt action, preventing overflows. Precautions include regular sewer maintenance, improved drainage infrastructure, green solutions like permeable pavements, and public awareness on waste disposal. This approach helps mitigate sewer flooding, enhancing public health and environmental sustainability. [PERSON] et al. (2023) [17] examined the sediment accumulation process in urban drainage systems, focusing on gully pots (GPs), which function to limit pollutant transport during sedimentation. The technical approach involved using a distributed network with Zigbee routing protocol and acoustic sensors to monitor sediment accumulation and composition in GPs. The problem addressed was the inefficient sediment and pollutant transport management in urban drainage systems. The solution proposed involved analyzing sediment organic matter to update occurrence and net accumulation rates, thereby improving sediment management efficiency. Advantages of this approach include enhanced pollutant control, better sediment management, and real-time monitoring capabilities. However, limitations may include the reliance on the accuracy and maintenance of acoustic sensors, potential challenges in network connectivity, and the need for continuous data management and analysis. In a related study by [PERSON] et al. (2021) [18], the EU Water Framework is discussed. The deposited sediments from gully pots are further analyzed to identify their potential contribution. Zigbee routing protocol and acoustic sensors are utilized within a centralized network type. A basal sediment scour deterministic model is introduced to predict sediment behavior at sites, aiding in future rainfall prediction and the determination of sediment sources. This model helps to improve the understanding and management of sediment-related issues in urban drainage systems. The recipients' actual/targeted ecological status in scheduling gully pot maintenance operations reduces the impacts of increased rainfall intensity/duration on the magnitude of sediment scour. [PERSON] et al. (2021) [19] proposed Simultaneous Thermal Analysis (STA), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and Parallel Factor Analysis (PARAFAC) methodology for identifying and quantifying Total Water Pollutants (TWPs) in gully pot sediments. Using Zigbee routing protocol within a distributed network type and acoustic sensors, the study analyzes sediment samples from diverse traffic densities without pretreatment. This methodology offers insights into pollutant composition and distribution within gully pot sediments, aiding in effective pollutant management strategies. The designed methodology performs safe disposal of gully pot sediments for environmental pollution management. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Ref. ** & **Method Name** & **Objective** & **Sensor Type** & **Network Type** & **Topology** & **EC** & **NL** & **E** & **Delay** & **T** & **LR** & **R** & **ET** & **Cost** & **CO** & **Limitations** \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{[12]} & Intelligent power & \multirow{3}{*}{ \begin{tabular}{c} Efficient power \\ equally method \\ \end{tabular}  } & \multirow{3}{*}{\ \begin{tabular}{c} Efficient power \\ event data logging \\ management \\ \end{tabular}  } & \multirow{3}{*}{
\begin{tabular  
[PERSON] et al. (2017) [20] developed a maintenance policy to address the gully pot maintenance problem for preventative and corrective maintenance actions. Using the Zigbee routing protocol within a distributed network type and acoustic sensors, the study constructs optimized routes for maintenance vehicles, considering factors such as the location and impact of gully pot failure.