# The Impact of Impulsive Traffic on Cellular Internet of Things Network Performance Indicators
###### Abstract  
The use of wireless sensor networks and the Internet of Things has increased dramatically in the last decade. The sensors measure the required parameters and send them to the data processing centers using one of the various wireless transmission technologies (often using cellular infrastructure) to make the appropriate decision. Files containing measurement information can arrive in bursts simultaneously, which is a critical issue to be aware of. The purpose of this work is to develop and analyze a model to evaluate the effectiveness of an LTE (Long-Term Evolution) cell in serving requests from NB-IoT (Narrowband Internet of things) devices when these requests are received in bursts rather than individually. In the article, the common uses of the Internet of Things in our modern era were discussed, the NB-IoT technology was paid attention to, and a mathematical model to evaluate the performance of an LTE cell in the case of impulsive arrivals of NB-IoT requests was built. Finally, the computational algorithm and numerical evaluation were introduced.  
NB-IoT; LTE; LPWAN; licensed spectrum; recursive algorithms; mathematical modeling 2020 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Communications and Networking (IC) 2020 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Communications and Networking (IC) 2020 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Networking (IC) 2020 IEEE/RSNB-IoT is the most widely used LPWA technology, followed by LoRaWAN, Sigfox, and other technologies. Therefore, studying the performance of NB-IoT networks is very important. In Figure 1, the global share of LPWA connections in the first half of 2020 and 2025 is shown.  
In this paper, we focus on studying how the performance indicators of cellular networks change in the case of impulsive traffic, which occurs when a huge number of requests arrive (or a huge number of terminals connect) simultaneously. This is a situation that occurs widely in cellular Internet of Things (CIoT) networks for several reasons, including: (1) Random deployment of sensor nodes in a geographical area may cause the presence of a large number of sensors in the same cell at the same moment. These sensors may generate and send their own traffic simultaneously, resulting in impulsive traffic generation. (2) Using hubs and concentrators as an intermediary between measuring devices and the base station may lead to an instantaneous, impulsive arrival.  
The article is organized as follows: related works are reviewed. The NB-IoT technology is discussed. The mathematical model built in order to study the performance indicators of CIoT networks with impulsive incoming requests is explained. Numerical experiments are carried out to evaluate the model, and then our results are reviewed. Finally, conclusions are drawn.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c} \hline \hline  & **LPWAN Technologies** \\ \hline
**Licensed Spectrum** & **Unlicensed Spectrum** \\ \hline NB-IoT & LoRaWAN \\ \cline{2-3}  & Sigfox \\ \hline LTE-M & NB-Fi \\ \cline{2-3}  & RPMA \\ \hline EC-GSM-IoT & CTPHZK \\ \cline{2-3}  & MIOTY \\ \hline Thingstream & Helium \\ \cline{2-3}  & SAT4M2M \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 1: Most common LPWAN technologies [10].  
Figure 1: Share of LPWA connections worldwide [11].