# Analysis of the Sugarane Biomass Use to Produce Green Hydrogen: Brazilian Case Study
## 1 Introduction
These innovative approaches highlight the potential for overcoming key logistical and economic challenges in green hydrogen production, paving the way for more cost-effective and globally accessible solutions. This study seeks to address the following research questions: (i) What are the main opportunities and challenges associated with the production of green hydrogen from sugarcane biomass in Brazil? (ii) How can emerging technologies be adapted and optimized to facilitate a sustainable energy transition using lignocellulosic resources? (iii) What are the potential environmental and economic benefits of this approach in the Brazilian context? The key contributions of this review include: (1) a detailed bibliometric analysis of the recent literature on green hydrogen production, focusing on global and regional trends; (2) an evaluation of Brazil's energy matrix in 2023, emphasizing the role of sugarcane biomass as a strategic resource; (3) the identification of innovative strategies to address technological and logistical barriers in biohydrogen production; and (4) an exploration of pathways to integrate green hydrogen technologies within a sustainable biorefinery framework. These contributions provide a strong foundation for advancing research and policy initiatives, supporting the global transition to renewable energy systems. The structure of the remainder of this article is organized into distinct sections. Section 2 provides a bibliometric analysis of relevant publications, focusing on the role of sugarcane biomass in green hydrogen production. Section 3 offers an overview of Brazil's energy supply and electricity mix in 2023. Section 4 provides an overview of sugarcane production in Brazil. Section 5 discusses environmental impacts and sustainable solutions. Section 6 presents the discussion, analyzing implications for energy policy, technological challenges, infrastructure needs, and economic considerations. Section 7 suggests new avenues for future research. Finally, Section 8 concludes by summarizing key insights, addressing study limitations, and suggesting future research directions for Brazil's energy sector. The Role of sugarcane Biomass in Green Hydrogen Production: A Bibliometric Analysis of Relevant Publications  
The distribution of publications across the top 10 countries provides valuable insights into regional research trends and contributions to biohydrogen production, as illustrated in Figure 2. This analysis highlights the growing global emphasis on biohydrogen research and underscores the efforts of leading nations in advancing technologies in this field. The articles analyzed, sourced from the Scopus and Clarivate Analytics WoS, were published between 2019 and 2023 and written in English, focusing on key terms such as green hydrogen, biohydrogen, renewable hydrogen, sustainable hydrogen, sugarcane biomass, and lignocellulosic biomass. The figure shows the distribution of research publications on biohydrogen production among the top 10 countries ranked by publication frequency per capita between 2019 and 2023. South Korea, Malaysia, and Saudi Arabia are the leading contributors in terms of total publication numbers, with South Korea showing the highest frequency. This reflects a strong emphasis by these countries on advancing biohydrogen technologies, likely driven by their strategic energy policies and investment in renewable energy research. When considering publications per capita, Iceland stands out as the top contributor, indicating a significant focus on biohydrogen research relative to its population size. Similarly, Denmark and Norway exhibit high per capita contributions, consistent with their established leadership in renewable energy and sustainability initiatives. The data highlight a dual dynamic: countries such as South Korea and Malaysia lead in total research output, reflecting their capacity for large-scale initiatives, while smaller nations like Iceland and Denmark demonstrate strong proportional contributions, emphasizing targeted research efforts.