## 1 Introduction  
With the development of modern industry, particularly in aerospace and high-performance materials, which require exceptional thermal stability, mechanical strength, and precise dimensional accuracy, the demand for complex-shaped metal castings is rapidly increasing [1]. Due to their high efficiency, low emissions, and strong load-following capabilities, jet engines and gas turbines have become some of the most promising advanced power sources of this century. As a critical component of gas turbines, turbine blades now require increasingly intricate and precise cooling structures [2; 3; 4]. To meet casting requirements for high temperatures and chemical stability, ceramic shell casting technology has gradually become the preferred choice for manufacturing high-performance turbine blades. Ceramic shells offer excellent high-temperature stability and dimensional accuracy, making them particularly effective at preserving mold structure during high-temperature metal pouring processes [5; 6]. Traditional methods for fabricating ceramic cores struggle to produce ceramic components with complex structures, which has partially constrained the advancement of ceramics. Thus, it is imperative to explore innovative manufacturing techniques to open new avenues for producing high-performance ceramic shells with intricate shapes. Additive Manufacturing (AM), or 3D printing, is an advanced technology that constructsobjects through layer-by-layer material deposition. Its core principle is to gradually build the final part by layering material based on a computer-designed 3D model. Additive manufacturing significantly enhances the design freedom of ceramic shells [7; 8]. [PERSON] et al. [9] used DLP technology to prepare T-ZnOw-reinforced biphasic calcium phosphate scaffolds with a complex porous structure featuring three cycles of double-layer micro-curvature, demonstrating that T-ZnOw enhances the mechanical strength of the scaffolds while preserving bioactivity. [PERSON] et al. [10] applied sol-gel methods and DLP technology to create octahedral truss-structured SiOC ceramic components with a relative density of 98.5%, enhancing mechanical properties through Ti and Zr doping, thereby expanding additive manufacturing applications in lattice-structured ceramics. [PERSON] et al. [11] employed LCD 3D printing technology to fabricate complex-shaped polymer-derived ceramics, improving curing accuracy and yield by introducing KH570, a ceramic dispersant. [PERSON] et al. [12] proposed an approach based on Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) technology to optimize SLS process parameters by analyzing the surface quality of powder layers through image analysis. The results indicated that different powder materials and spreading speeds significantly affect surface roughness and uniformity. Consequently, the DLP-based preparation of silicon-based ceramic shells shows significant development potential. Compared to aluminum-based and magnesium-based ceramic cores, silicon-based ceramic cores are more widely used in the investment casting of high-temperature alloys due to their excellent chemical stability in metallurgical processes, low thermal expansion coefficient, effective core removal in alkali solutions, and exceptional high-temperature structural stability [13; 14]. However, their high sintering temperature (1710 \({}^{\circ}\)C) limits the broader application of silicon-based ceramics [15]. To address this, many researchers have explored various sintering additives to lower sintering temperatures. [PERSON] et al. [16] demonstrated that adding 0.5% to 0.75% B\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{3}\) by mass can reduce the sintering temperature of BaZrO\({}_{3}\) from 1800 \({}^{\circ}\)C to 1500 \({}^{\circ}\)C, while shortening the holding time to 4-6 h and achieving a relative density of about 95%, much higher than samples without B\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{3}\). [PERSON] et al.