## 3 Results
### Nutritional Analysis between Commercial Pellet Diet and Ex-situ Biofloc  
Four nutritional analyses were measured, including proximate analysis, trace mineral analysis, amino acid profile and fatty acid profile analyses. Proximate analysis showed that fat, protein and carbohydrate contents of commercial pellets were higher than those of ex-situ biofloc for 11.88, 2.93 and 2.00 folds, respectively (Table 3). On the other hand, ash and moisture contents of commercial pellet were lower than those of the ex-situ biofloc for 0.24 and 0.47 folds, respectively. The result indicated that commercial pellet had a higher major energetic nutrients than ex-situ biofloc, but the ex-situ biofloc had a larger amount of inorganic substances, which might be trace elements supplementing the energetic nutrients. Trace mineral profiles analysis revealed that copper (8.49-fold increase), manganese (2.55-fold increase), and potassium (1.28-fold increase) contents in the commercial pellet were higher than those in ex-situ biofloc whereas zinc (0.27-fold decrease), iron (0.26-fold decrease), calcium (0.54-fold decrease), magnesium (0.08-fold decrease) and sodium (0.03-fold decrease) contents in the commercial pellet were lower than those in ex-situ biofloc (Table 4). Results indicated that a large number of essential trace minerals (zinc, iron, calcium, magnesium and sodium) for shrimp growth were observed in ex-situ biofloc. In-depth analysis of amino acid and fatty acid profiles showed higher contents of 19 detected amino acids in commercial pellet than those in ex-situ biofloc in a range of 2.8-9.1 folds (Table 5). Glutamic acid, proline, glycine and arginine contents were found to be dominant in commercial pellet, whereas glutamic acid, aspartic acid, alanine, and leucine contents were found to be abundant in ex-situ biofloc. Proline and glycine found predominantly in the commercial pellet were higher than those in ex-situ biofloc for 9.08 and 5.90 folds, respectively. All essential amino acids were found to be significantly higher in the commercial pellet than those in ex-situ biofloc: threonine (4.94-fold increase), histidine (6.29-fold increase), isoleucine (3.23-fold increase), leucine (4.19-fold increase), valine (3.38-fold increase), lysine (3.50-fold increase), methionine (3.00-fold increase) and phenylalanine (3.37-fold increase). \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Mineral (mg/kg)**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Commercial**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Ex-Situ Biofloc (BF)**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Fold Change (C/BF)**} \\  & **Pellet (C)** & & \\ \hline Copper & 50.150 & 5.908 & 8.49 \\ Manganese & 30.680 & 12.020 & 2.55 \\ Zinc & 50.340 & 184.000 & 0.27 \\ Iron & 477.00 & 1857.00 & 0.26 \\ Calcium & 2064 & 3824 & 0.54 \\ Magnesium & 1928 & 25,084 & 0.08 \\ Sodium & 3898 & 129,067 & 0.03 \\ Potassium & 9956 & 7758 & 1.28 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: Trace mineral analysis between commercial pellet and ex-situ biofloc. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Parameter**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Unit**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Commercial**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Ex-Situ**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Fold Change**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Reference**} \\  & & **Pellet (C)** & & **Biofloc (BF)** & & **(C/BF)** & **Method** \\ \hline Ash & g/100 g & 11.61 & 48.46 & 0.24 & [a] \\ Carbohydrate & g/100 g & 33.92 & 16.99 & 2.00 & [b] \\ Energy & Kcal/100 g & 334.84 & 126.81 & 2.64 & [b] \\ Crude fat & g/100 g & 3.92 & 0.33 & 11.88 & [c] \\ Moisture & g/100 g & 9.58 & 20.25 & 0.47 & [d] \\ Protein & g/100 g & 40.97 & 13.97 & 2.93 & [e] \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\begin{tabular}{l} [a] AOAC (2016) 942.05. [b] Journal of AOAC International; 1993. p. 106. [c] AOAC (2016) 920.39. [d] AOAC (2016) 930.15. [e] In-house method TE-CH-012 based on AOAC (2016) 981.10. \\ \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Proximate analysis between commercial pellet and ex-situ biofloc.