## 4 Discussion and Conclusions  
The simulation model proposed in the work was made on the basis of assumed cases of partial shading. The model can be virtually freely modified, e.g., by varying the degree of partial shading for different cells. The author's intention was to build and explain the model accurately for selected cases, but with the possibility of multiple applications for other cases. Temperature parameters are particularly important for the accuracy of the model, which can be varied for individual sections with partial shading and without shading. The model has great application and adaptation possibilities for further research, which should be verified each time with experimental research. Replacement of PV cells with a double number of their halves in the tested module JAM60S03-320/PR, confirmed the compliance of simulation results with measurements under different conditions from the standard without shading effect (Figure 4). In this case, the tested PV module has I-V characteristics analogous to classic solutions. A detailed comparative analysis of the results of simulation tests with measurements for the case without shading showed that the potential source of errors is the adoption of constant temperature coefficients under STC in a mathematical model. Additionally, the temperature model for NOCT conditions was not very accurate. Figure 8: Verification results for measuring point P5 (see Table 2). \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**PV Module Type/Number of** & **Relative Decrease in** & **Relative Decrease in** \\
**Shaded PV Cells** & **Current–\(\delta\)\({}_{\Delta I}\), (\%)** & **Voltage–\(\delta\)\({}_{\Delta I}\), (\%)** \\ \hline MonoSol 260 EX/2 & 59 & 39 \\ JAM60S03-320/PR/4 (Figure 5) & 24 & 42 \\ \hline MonoSol 260 EX/4 & 61 & 71 \\ JAM60S03-320/PR/8 (Figure 6) & 22 & 70 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 5: Comparison of partial shading effects for two monocrystalline silicon PV modules expressed in relative values (made of 60 whole PV cells, based on results from work [23] and 120 half-cells cells—from Table 1). During partial shading of one and two sections of a six-section PV module, a decrease in the current value by approximately 20% was observed per one shaded section, covering approximately 50% (Figure 5) and approximately 75% (Figure 6) the entire measuring range for voltage on a current-voltage characteristic. With the shading of three and all six sections, a decrease in the value of current in the entire voltage measuring range was observed by approximately 40% (Figure 7) and approximately 50% (Figure 8), respectively. The differences in the results of the verification tests result from a simplified temperature measurement method. This hypothesis is confirmed by the shapes of the I-V characteristics. In future studies, consideration should be given to measuring the temperature at several points (depending on the type of shading) or reading from thermographic images. The last two cases resemble the effect of a parallel connection of two classic PV modules with varying degrees of current and voltage mismatch. The obtained results show lower power losses of the PV module made of cell halves resulting from the shading effects compared to the tests carried out for the classic module made of 60 PV cells at work [23], which presents the genesis of this research. The results in relative values of this comparison are given in Table 5. For the two cases compared, more than twice smaller relative current decreases were observed for the module from half-cells. The PV module built from half-cells is less susceptible to power losses resulting from a specific assembly method. The internal division into six sections, protected by bypass diodes, means that they can be mounted in any way (horizontally or vertically). Reducing the current value by half also causes less power loss due to the lower intensity of heating of this type of module.