# A New Integrated Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Model for Resilient Supplier Selection
## 2 Literature
#### Research Gaps  
Previous researchers revealed that resilience is rare to be incorporated in SC compared to traditional, green and sustainable elements in supplier selection. In the early years, traditional criteria such as cost, quality and lead time were prioritized in selecting suppliers. After some time, the SC focus shifted to the indicators of green supplier evaluation due to the challenges of commensurate environmental degradation, such as the rise of consumer awareness and attendant shift of attitudes to purchasing greener products. Then, the rapid consumption of natural resources and the need for environmental protection led to the focus on SC sustainability by taking into account economic, social and environmental criteria. People are accustomed to surviving in their comfort zones as they enter the globalization period. As a result, there is a lack of preparedness and readiness in dealing with unforeseen risks and disruptions, which pose several important problems to the SC. In achieving the first objective of the study, resilience is incorporated into supplier selection to deal with various SC challenges. By referring to the literature [8; 9; 10; 11; 12], AHP and TOPSIS are among the most convenient methodologies to provide the criteria weights and suppliers' ranks since AHP is easy to be applied while TOPSIS provides a scalar value that accounts for the abilities of both the best and the worst alternatives. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [22] and [PERSON] et al. [23] pointed out that TOPSIS is a better decision-making technique for choosing alternatives because of its clear and understandable logic. TOPSIS can also deal with qualitative and quantitative problems [24]. Thus, it is preferred in this study. However, from the perspective of AHP, it becomes complicated when the number of variables is large thus causing inconsistency in experts' judgments. To deal with this, researchers have discovered the Best Worst Method (BVM) as a substitute for weighing the criteria. BWM greatly reduces the complexity \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**Previous Study** & **MCDM Methods** & **Industry** \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [8] & DEMATEL-OCRA-TOPSIS-VIKOR & Steel manufacturing \\ [PERSON] et al. [9] & Fuzzy AHP-ARAS & Automotive manufacturing \\ [PERSON] et al. [10] & Fuzzy BWM-WASPAS-TOPSIS & Illustrative example \\ [PERSON] et al. [11] & Fuzzy DSS-MCGP & Logistics \\ [PERSON] [12] & Grey DEMATEL-VIKOR & Chemical manufacturing \\ [PERSON] et al. [13] & Fuzzy AHP & Textile manufacturing \\ [PERSON] et al. [14] & Grey DEMATEL-SAW & Wood and paper \\ [PERSON] et al. [15] & PCA-DEA & Illustrative example \\ [PERSON] [16] & FIS-DEA & Alloy manufacturing \\ [PERSON] et al. [17] & Fuzzy AHP-TOPSIS-QFD & General manufacturing \\ [PERSON] and [PERSON] [18] & Fuzzy AHP-PROMETHEE & Numerical experimentation \\ [PERSON] et al. [19] & Fuzzy VIKOR & Empirical example \\ [PERSON] et al. [20] & Fuzzy AHP-QFD & Hypothetical case \\ [PERSON] et al. [21] & Fuzzy ANP & Electronics manufacturing \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Review on resilient supplier selection. of calculation, and through more consistent comparisons, the final result will be more credible [25]. Due to its simplicity and ability to generate results with greater consistency, BWM has replaced AHP to be integrated with TOPSIS to determine the criteria weights and rank the suppliers in achieving the second objective. BWM is applied in this study for criteria weights calculation based on experts' judgments and to ensure that the results are consistent. On the other hand, there are problems of uncertainties and incomplete information in the supplier selection process. Unexpected risks and disruptions bring various uncertainties to the SC. In this case, the weights of criteria and the performances of suppliers are usually incommensurate and fuzzy in nature. At the same time, decision-makers may have varying levels of knowledge and opinions when it comes to evaluating the suppliers.