# Reputation Consensus Mechanism for Blockchain Based on Information-Centric Networking
## 4 Design
### Hybrid Consensus Mechanism
#### 4.2.1 Reputation Consensus Mechanism
However, when the ICN node ratio is below 10%, the difference in network bandwidth consumption between RepuICN and Casper FFG is negligible, with P2P network traffic constituting the majority of the total network bandwidth. This minimal impact is attributed to the consistent P2P network topology between ICN nodes and external IP nodes. Although optimizing the P2P network topology between ICN nodes and IP nodes could reduce bandwidth consumption further, such enhancements are beyond the scope of this study and may be explored in future research. #### 6.2.4 Impact of Network Latency Fluctuations on Propagation Time

We evaluated the performance of RepuICN relative to the Casper FFG protocol under conditions of network latency variability in proposer nodes. Employing the SimBlock simulation platform, we executed blockchain network simulations maintaining consistent P2P

Figure 11: TPS comparison varying with ICN node percentage. Figure 12: Traffic comparison with ICN node percentage. network conditions. To isolate the influence of external network factors, ICN functionality within RepuICN was disabled, and the simulation comprised 15,000 blockchain nodes. Figure 13 illustrates the correlation between the coverage rate of nodes that received the broadcast block and the average propagation time across varying rates of network latency in proposer nodes. The horizontal axis indicates the node coverage rate, while the vertical axis denotes the average propagation time. The data indicate that an increase in the network latency of proposer nodes leads to a proportionate increase in block propagation delays within the Casper FFG protocol compared to RepuICN. Specifically, a latency increase to 1.5 times the baseline results in a 5.54% longer propagation time for the Casper FFG protocol to reach 90% of the network nodes. At a latency increase to twice the baseline, this delay escalates to 22.12%. Additionally, simulations were conducted to evaluate the impact of network latency variations among non-proposer nodes; however, these fluctuations had a minimal effect on the block propagation time to 90% of nodes. In conclusion, while the network latency fluctuations of individual non-proposer nodes exert a negligible influence on the propagation time required to reach the majority of nodes, latency variations in proposer nodes substantially impede the efficiency of block propagation. Notably, a latency increase to 1.5 times the baseline prolongs the time required to broadcast blocks to 90% of network nodes by 5.54%, and this delay amplifies with further increases in latency. These findings underscore the superior resilience of RepuICN to network latency fluctuations compared to the Casper FFG protocol. Overall, the RepuICN protocol outperforms the Casper FFG protocol in finalized block propagation delay, transaction throughput, network bandwidth consumption, and block propagation time under network latency fluctuations, showcasing RepuICN's comprehensive performance advantages. ## 7 Conclusions

This paper presents a multi-dimensional reputation model based on network state information and a reputation-based hybrid consensus mechanism, RepuICN, built upon an ICN blockchain architecture. This approach introduces high-reputation ICN consensus nodes as proposers for checkpoint blocks, thereby mitigating the impact of proposer network latency fluctuations on block propagation. Additionally, leveraging the inherent characteristics of ICN accelerates the distribution of checkpoint blocks, significantly enhancing the consensus efficiency of Ethereum's Casper FFG protocol. For regular blocks, the traditional PoW/PoS proposal mechanism is maintained, ensuring network fairness while improving consensus efficiency. RepuICN is particularly applicable to public or consortium blockchains based on the Casper FFG protocol.