# Mining Deformation Life Cycle in the Light of InSAR and Deformation Models
## 4 Results
### Monthly Deformation  
To gain a better understanding of the nature of surface deformations in relation to the progress of the mining works, we compacted the six-day products into one-month solutions, which are coincidental with the extraction periods of the seam panels. First, we analysed the extent of the deformation zone delineated by application of the procedure presented in Section 2.1.5. The resemblance between the DInSAR-derived and maximal predicted areas of deformation (Equation (4)) shows high similarity in  
Figure 10: Cumulative surface changes for the entire year of 2017: (**a**) Displacements in the east-west direction from DInSAR, (**b**) from the model, (**c**) vertical subsidence derived from DInSAR, and (**d**) from the model. shape and size of the affected areas. For most of the months, the overlapped area between the two sources (Figure 11 left) was between 50% and 70% from the original area (Figure 11 right). For March 2017, 72% from the total area of DInSAR was part of the overlaid area, and 73% from the total area of the model was part of the overlaid area. The month with much less agreement between the model and DInSAR was October 2017, when only 40% to 45% of the deformation area agreed. Moreover, the extent of the deformation varies between months so that, in December 2017, the DInSAR model covered only 20% of the overlaid area, and the model constituted almost 60%; thus, for this month, the DInSAR deformation area was much larger than the modelled result. The monthly change of the area of deformation is presented in Figure 12 for the DInSAR measurements and in Figure 13 for the prediction model. The scale of the subsidence images is different for the two figures. The figures also show the location and values of the maximum subsidence for each month used in the later analyses. The numbers around the panels show the month and year of the starting date for the corresponding panel. The red polygons show the currently working panels. Two cross-sections through the area of deformation are drawn: Profile A\({}^{\prime}\)A\({}^{\prime\prime}\) through longwall No. 6 and profile B\({}^{\prime}\)B\({}^{\prime\prime}\) through longwall No. 5. The resulting profiles by month from radar measurements (Figure 14 and Figure 16) and from prediction models (Figure 15 and Figure 17) show the advancement of the subsidence in comparison with the ongoing work. The depth of the longwall is also presented, as the same cross-sections through the terrain and the longwall surface (Figure 9b,c) were performed; the profiles are presented on the bottom of Figures 14-17. Figure 12 explicitly shows that the DInSAR deformation is noisy, even when aggregated to a one-month period, and the deformation ambiguity is visible across the whole investigated domain. As a shift of the maximum subsidence towards the centre of the mining area is theoretically expected, the current extraction panels do not correlate with the maximum estimated subsidence, and the lag between the two is four (Figure 12; 2017.12) to ten (Figure 12; 2017.08) months. It is also visible that the main subsidence primarily affects the terrain above longwall No. 5 (profile B\({}^{\prime}\)B\({}^{\prime\prime}\)) and, to a much lesser extent, for longwall No. 6 (profile A\({}^{\prime}\)A\({}^{\prime\prime}\)). The second set of figures (Figure 13) presents the modelled deformation. Obviously, the image is clearer, and there is no subsidence outside of the extraction panels. subsidence is located directly under the extraction panel; therefore, the advancement of subsidence is directly correlated with the extraction progress. Each longwall has its own minimum deformation point. The maximum vertical deformation is 3-4 times larger than that obtained from DInSAR (Figure 12). Figure 11: Areal resemblance between Differential satellite radar interferometric (DInSAR) measured and expected range of surface deformation; **Left**: Example for March; **Right**: Percentage in the overlay area.