# Defining the Quantitative Criteria for Two Basketball Shooting Techniques
## 3 Results  
A statistically significant difference was found between the two measured groups (F = 12.86, \(p\) = 0.00). The following is the whole model for all measured variables during the execution of the two shooting techniques to precisely identify the variables in which the two observed shooting techniques differ. Table 1 shows a statistically significant difference in all observed kinematic parameters during the execution of shots using different techniques, except for the variable hand height at ball release (Hand_H--F = 2.53, \(p\) = 0.11). It is important to note that the group employing the jump shot technique statistically significantly achieved a greater forward jump length during the shot execution (Jump_L--29.18 \(\pm\) 10.13 vs. 22.01 \(\pm\) 12.19), as well as a higher jump height (Pelvis_P--32.21 \(\pm\) 6.19 vs. 30.32 \(\pm\) 5.01). Additionally, a statistically significantly larger shoulder angle at release was observed in the group using the jump shot technique (Sh_shoot--118.92 \(\pm\) 15.54 vs. 111.20 \(\pm\) 12.75). Furthermore, examining the speed of limb segments during the release, the group employing the shot with one hand from the spot technique achieved higher speeds in all observed parameters (Hand_V--4.94 \(\pm\) 0.88 vs. 4.73 \(\pm\) 0.71; Forearm_V--5.44 \(\pm\) 0.79 vs. 4.73 \(\pm\) 0.71; Upperarm_V--2.71 \(\pm\) 0.38 vs. 2.46 \(\pm\) 0.34). However, the shot duration was significantly shorter; i.e., the shot was executed faster, in the group using the jump shot technique (PSS--0.87 \(\pm\) 0.11 vs. 0.97 \(\pm\) 0.09). To determine the differences between the two groups in the measured tests assessing motor abilities, multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was also employed. The results indicate a statistically significant difference between the jump shot group and the shot with one hand from the spot group (F = 5.51, \(p\) = 0.00). The overall model differences for each individual motor test and the significance of the differences are presented in Table 2. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline  & **G1** & **G2** & \\ \hline
**Variable** & **Mean \(\pm\) SD** & **Mean \(\pm\) SD** & **F** & **_p_** \\ \hline Jump\_L (cm) & 29.18 \(\pm\) 10.13 & 22.01 \(\pm\) 12.19 & 14.91 & 0.00 * \\ \hline Pelvis\_P (cm) & 32.21 \(\pm\) 6.19 & 30.32 \(\pm\) 5.01 & 4.06 & 0.05 * \\ \hline Hand\_rec (\({}^{\circ}\)) & 60.62 \(\pm\) 15.43 & 51.90 \(\pm\) 16.65 & 10.71 & 0.00 * \\ \hline Sh\_shoot (\({}^{\circ}\)) & 111.20 \(\pm\) 12.75 & 118.92 \(\pm\) 15.54 & 10.75 & 0.00 * \\ \hline Hand\_H (cm) & 214.28 \(\pm\) 11.21 & 217.02 \(\pm\) 9.37 & 2.53 & 0.11 \\ \hline Hand\_V (m/s) & 4.94 \(\pm\) 0.88 & 4.58 \(\pm\) 0.59 & 8.33 & 0.00 * \\ \hline Forearm\_V (m/s) & 5.44 \(\pm\) 0.79 & 4.73 \(\pm\) 0.71 & 32.07 & 0.00 * \\ \hline Upperarm\_V (m/s) & 2.71 \(\pm\) 0.38 & 2.46 \(\pm\) 0.34 & 10.12 & 0.00 * \\ \hline EA (\({}^{\circ}\)) & 45.61 \(\pm\) 4.56 & 43.31 \(\pm\) 4.11 & 16.64 & 0.00 * \\ \hline PSS (s) & 0.97 \(\pm\) 0.09 & 0.87 \(\pm\) 0.11 & 33.11 & 0.00 * \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} Legend: Jump\_L (cm)—jump length (horizontal component—toward the basket); Pelvis_P (cm)— the difference in the position of the pelvis from the rest phase to the highest position during the shot (vertical component); Hand_rec (\({}^{\circ}\))—the angle in the hand joint at the moment of receiving the ball; Sh_shoot (\({}^{\circ}\))—shoulder angle at ball release; Hand_H (cm)—the maximum height of the hand during releasing of the ball; Hand_V (m/s)—maximum velocity of the hand segment (horizontally); Forearm_V (m/s)—maximum velocity of the upperarm (horizontally); EA (\({}^{\circ}\))—entry angle of the ball when approaching the rim; PSS (s)—player shooting speed (contact time with the ball); \({}^{\bullet}\)—\(p<0.05\).  
\end{table} 
Table 1: Display of MANOVA for the kinematic parameters of the two observed groups. Results presented in Table 2 suggest differences between the two groups in three motor ability assessment tests.