## 1 Introduction  
Additive manufacturing (AM) allows the manufacturing of parts with high complexity. Additionally, relatively short lead times, near-net-shape production and low material waste contribute to the increasing interest in AM. Focussing on AM of metals, laser-based powder bed fusion (LPBF) currently represents the industrially most relevant process [1], but some challenges remain for tooling steels [2], for example, residual stress build-up and the need for post-processing. LPBF, sometimes called selective laser melting, starts by depositing a thin layer of powder on a solid base plate. The laser melts the powder layer in the positions corresponding to a cross-section of a slice of the desired part. The machine then lowers the build plate with an amount corresponding to the thickness of the powder layer, and the process repeats until the part is completed. Parts produced by LPBF are subjected to different stresses [3] during the production process due to this layer-by-layer method. Before the part is released from the build plate, the stresses in the top layer are typically tensile, while the bottom layer is subjected to compressive stress [4; 5; 6]. When the part is cut from the base plate, the release of these stresses leads to excessive deformation [5; 6; 7; 8]. Avoiding or reducing this deformation is possible by applying a stress relief heat treatment [9]. In this post-process, the part is placed in a furnace, and due to the increase in temperature, the highest stresses in the part are reduced [10]. As a result of this stress relief heat treatment, the part will deform less when the residual stresses are released upon cutting from the build plate. Additional heat treatment steps are often required, such as aging for optimal material properties, due to the thermal dependent nature of precipitation in some of the materials used in LPBF [11]. One of these materials, namely 17-4 precipitation hardening (PH) stainless steel [12], is the subject of the current paper. Alternatively, the part can be solution treated, to homogenise the microstructure, before the aging heat treatment takes place. Prediction of the final deformations of a part produced by AM is important due to the strict tolerance requirements from industrial end users. A commonly used approach for satisfying these restrictions is using pre-deformation, meaning that the part is deformed in the opposite direction to the resultant from the AM process. After the part is cut from the base plate, the part deforms into the desired final shape. This approach is illustrated in the work by [PERSON] et al. [13]. Although this method will result in functioning parts, it does not tackle the root issue of the process, namely the relation between the process parameters, the applied post-processing, and the final deformations. For example, changing the design of the part, or any of the process parameters, will result in a change in deformation and require a new compensational pre-deformation. The present work will implement a process chain model, which will provide insight into the effects of different process settings on the aforementioned deflections, therefore allowing the design of the process and post-process to prevent these deflections in the first place. There are several numerical studies implementing such a process model. Focussing on single track simulations allows detailed investigation of all the different mechanisms taking place, due to the smaller simulation domain. Examples of such single track studies are the work by [PERSON] et al. [14] and [PERSON] et al. [15]. Multi-track, or even multi-layer, models attempt to scale these detailed simulations up to more than one track, at the expense of high computational cost [16; 17; 18; 19]. However, the current study focusses more on reduced fidelity numerical models, which allow the simulation of an entire AM process chain within a limited time. There are different approaches to obtain this fidelity reduction. [PERSON] et al.