## 4 Tactile Internet Application Characteristics
### Discussion on Application Characteristics  
The characteristics of Tactile Internet applications are critical for ensuring seamless performance in mission-critical and other tasks. These characteristics demand extremely high network performance to maintain system stability and user experience. However, realizing these requirements poses significant design challenges. Based on the mapping given in Table 3, we discuss the key characteristics of Tactile Internet. Latency is a crucial parameter for VR/AR, remote surgery, gaming, autonomous vehicles, industrial automation, BMI, telepresence, etc. These applications need ultra-low end-to-end latency to ensure real-time feedback and interactions [38]. For some applications, like smart cities, it is M, as not all smart cities applications require such ultra-low latency and can tolerate some delay. High reliability is essential for mission-critical applications, such as remote surgery, autonomous vehicles, industrial automation, and BMI [39], where failure could lead to disastrous outcomes. Reliability is also important in other applications, like gaming and VR/AR, where occasional failures do not pose serious risks. The data rates required for VR/AR, remote surgery, gaming, and telepresence are high to ensure seamless user experience, real-time interaction, and ultra-low latency feedback [8]. It can be moderate-to-high for some applications, like smart cities, industrial automation, \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{p{42.7 pt} p{42.7 pt} p{42.7 pt} p{42.7 pt} p{42.7 pt} p{42.7 pt} p{42.7 pt} p{42.7 pt} p{42.7 pt}} \hline \hline
**Applications Parameters** & \begin{tabular}{c} **Virtual Reality/** \\ **Augmented Reality** \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} **Remote** \\ **Surgery** \\ \end{tabular} & **Gaming** & **Smat Cities** & \begin{tabular}{c} **Autonomous** \\ **Vehicles** \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} **Industrial** \\ **Automation** \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} **Brain-** \\ **Machine** \\ **Interface** \\ \end{tabular} & \
\begin{tabular}{c} **Telepresence/** \\ **Holography** \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline Latency & H & H & H & M & H & H & H & H \\ \hline Reliability & H & H & M & H & H & H & H \\ \hline Data rate & H & H & H & M & H & H & H \\ \hline Update rate & H & H & H & M & H & H & H \\ \hline Availability & H & H & M & H & H & H & H \\ \hline Power consumption & M & M & M & H & M & M & M \\ \hline Mobility support & H & M & H & H & H & H & H \\ \hline Scalability & M & M & M & H & M & H & M & M \\ \hline Security & H & H & M & H & H & H & H \\ \hline Edge computing capability & H & H & H & H & H & H & H \\ \hline AI integration & H & H & H & H & H & H & H \\ \hline Interactivity & H & H & H & M & H & H & H \\ \hline Jitter & H & H & H & M & H & H & H \\ \hline
\begin{tabular}{c} Haptic feedback quality \\ \end{tabular} & H & H & H & L & H & H & H & H \\ \hline Multi-sensory integration & H & H & M & M & H & M & H \\ \hline Biocompatibility & L & H & L & L & L & L & H & L \\ \hline Localization accuracy & H & H & M & H & H & H & H \\ \hline Interoperability & H & H & M & H & H & H & H \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Relevance of the characteristics to Tactile Internet applications. H for high, M for medium, and L for low. BMI, and autonomous vehicles, as the data in such applications are more event-driven and involve structured data exchange rather than continuous high-bandwidth streaming. The data update rate needs to be extremely high for VR/AR, remote surgery, gaming, autonomous vehicles, industrial automation, BMI, and telepresence, as they need frequent updates to ensure accuracy and efficiency [8]. The necessity may be a medium for smart cities, as the demand is not as stringent. Some applications, like remote surgery, smart cities, autonomous vehicles, industrial automation, and BMI, require a high level of network availability and resilience to network failures.