###### Abstract  
Various types of damage, including health risks, caused by abnormal climate conditions have gradually increased in recent years, particularly in cities with a high degree of complexity. In particular, it is important to address heatwave damage risk from both technical and policy perspectives because it poses risks to older adults and/or disadvantaged individuals. This study was performed to assess the quantitative effects of two heatwave mitigation measures, cool roofs and cool pavements, in the Jangyumuoye district of Gimhae, Republic of Korea. Thermal imaging cameras were used to measure surface temperatures after the installation of these measures; after the installation of cool roofs, indoor temperatures were also measured using temperature measurement data loggers. Then, a survey was conducted to obtain feedback from users of the associated facilities. From August to October 2019, surface temperatures were significantly reduced following the installation of cool roofs and cool pavements. Cool roofs constructed using slabs and panels provided average temperature reductions of 15.5 \({}^{\circ}\)C and 11.6 \({}^{\circ}\)C, respectively. Cool pavements showed a temperature reduction of \(\geq\)4 \({}^{\circ}\)C in both parking lot and alley sites. More than 30% of users noticed a reduction in temperature as a result of heatwave measure installation. These results may be used by the city to make informed policy decisions regarding the implementation of heatwave mitigation measures. Keywords:temperature reduction effects; heatwave; mitigation strategies +
Footnote †: journal: Medical  
proactive measures should be implemented to reduce the temperatures of large buildings and public spaces in cities [9]. These steps are essential for reducing the number of casualties caused by heat-related illnesses among socially vulnerable groups, particularly older adults and low-income earners. Human-made materials in urban environments, such as pavements and roofing, tend to reflect less solar energy, and absorb and emit more heat than trees, vegetation, and other natural surfaces; the transition from natural to artificial materials produces a gradual increase in city temperatures, which results in a heat island effect that impacts citizens [10]. Urban infrastructure is increasingly modified to minimize its negative environmental effects [11] through the introduction of green facilities to improve shock absorption and recovery after heatwaves [12]. The resulting heatwave mitigation systems include the application of cooling materials that dissipate thermal energy [13]. For example, cool roofs [14] and cool pavements [15] have been installed on urban roof surfaces and roads or parking lot surfaces, respectively, using reflective materials; studies are being conducted in order to reduce urban heat islands [16]. Heatwave mitigation measures are primarily installed as physical features in urban spaces. Because such technologies require significant expenditures, it is important to determine whether they will be fully effective [17]. To ensure the implementation of heatwave mitigation technologies such as cooling fog, cool pavements, and cool roofs by local governments, the effectiveness of these technologies during heatwaves should be quantified in advance [18]. To improve the sustainability of infrastructure under heatwaves, it may be appropriate to establish heatwave mitigation systems in downtown areas with relatively high surface temperatures. A previous study analyzed and compared cool roof effects in different regions [19; 20]. Cool roofs reportedly reduce both internal and external temperatures in an office building [21]. Compared with a normal roof, the surface of a cool roof is cooled by an average of 3.3 \({}^{\circ}\)C during summer [22]. A study was conducted in order to examine the possibility of reducing the suction air temperature of heat pump external units generated by cool roofs [23].