# An Emergency Alert Broadcast Based on the Convergence of 5G and ATSC 3.0
## 4 Simulation Results  
Simulation results exhibit the effectiveness of the proposed emergency alert broadcast approach. Table 4 summarizes the simulation parameters. The carrier frequencies of 5G and ATSC 3.0 networks are 3.5 GHz and 600 MHz, respectively. As the fading channel models for 5G and ATSC 3.0, Jakarta [35] and TU\(-6\)[36] channel models are adopted in this evaluation, respectively. In the channel models, each path follows Rayleigh distribution [37]. In this simulation, the cell radius for 5G is assumed to be 1 Km. In each cell, the number of receivers is set to 100. The receivers are uniformly distributed in each cell. For the 5G base station and the ATSC broadcast station of Figure 6, it is assumed that the total transmit power is 1 W in this simulation. Figure 8 exhibits the outage-state comparison of the proposed, the 5G, and the ATSC 3.0 emergency alert broadcasts after the first broadcast. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c} \hline \hline
**Parameters** & **Value/Property** \\ \hline Carrier frequency of 5G & 3.5 GHz \\ Carrier frequency of ATSC 3.0 & 600 MHz \\ Fading channel for 5G & Jakarta channel (Rayleigh) \\ Fading channel for ATSC 3.0 & TU\(-6\) (Rayleigh) \\ Cell radius & 1 Km \\ Number of receivers per cell & 100 \\ Distribution of the receivers & Uniform \\ Total transmit power & 1 W \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: The simulation parameters. Figure 8: _Cont._  
Figure 9 exhibits the outage-state comparison of the proposed, the 5G, and the ATSC 3.0 emergency alert broadcasts after the second broadcast. Figure 10 exhibits a comparison of the latency performance for the proposed, the 5G, and the ATSC 3.0 emergency alert broadcasts. As shown in Figure 10, the latency of the proposed broadcast approach is much lower than those of the 5G CBS and the AEA broadcast methods over the entire range of \(E_{b}/N_{0}\). Figure 10 reveals that proposed broadcast approach is much superior to the 5G CBS and the AEA broadcast methods in terms of latency. This indicates that the proposed convergence-based broadcast approach is more suitable for the emergency alert delivery, especially in the cases of urgent emergencies. Figure 11 illustrates the comparison of terminal displays in the cases of success decoding of both 5G CBS and AEA messages, success decoding of only 5G CBS message, and success decoding of only AEA message for the proposed broadcast approach. Figure 8: The outage-state comparison of the proposed, the 5G, and the ATSC 3.0 emergency alert broadcasts after the first broadcast. (**a**) shows the outage states for the proposed broadcast. This broadcast approach relies on the 5G and ATSC 3.0 convergence network of Figure 6. In the first broadcast, the 5G base station and the ATSC 3.0 broadcast station broadcast the CBS and the AEA messages, respectively. (**a**) reveals that the 60 receivers correctly decode the CBS message or the AEA message. Therefore, the success rate is 60% in the first broadcast case. (**b**) exhibits the outage states for the 5G CBS broadcast, which just relies on 5G cellular networks. The success rate is 43% in (**b**). (**c**) shows the outage states for the AEA message broadcast, which just relies on ATSC 3.0 networks. The success rate is 25% in (**c**). Since the users can receive the CBS message or the AEA message in the convergence network, the success rate of the proposed method is much higher than those of the 5G and the ATSC 3.0 cases. Figure 9: _Cont._  
Figure 10: The comparison of the latency performance for the proposed, the 5G, and the ATSC 3.0 emergency alert broadcasts. Figure 9: The outage-state comparison of the proposed, the 5G, and the ATSC 3.0 emergency alert broadcasts after the second broadcast. In (**a**), the success rate is 74%. This indicates that most receivers can correctly decode the CBS message or the AEA message even within two broadcasts. This is due to the convergence network that simultaneously broadcasts the CBS message and the AEA message. (**b**) exhibits the outage states for the 5G CBS broadcast.