# Foreign-Object Detection in High-Voltage Transmission Line Based on Improved YOLOv8m
## 5 Experiment and Analysis
### Experimental Results and Analysis
#### 5.3.5 Foreign-Object Detection Result  
Figure 15 illustrates the detection results of the original YOLOv8m model, where (a)-(f) correspond to trash, twig, nest, kite, bird and balloon, respectively. Figure 16 presents the detection results of the improved YOLOv8m model, with each subfigure corresponding to the respective categories shown in Figure 15.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**GAM** & **SPPCSPC** & **Focal-** & **mAP_0.5** & **mAP_0.5:0.95** & **Precision** & **Recall** & **Parameters** & **GFLPOS** & **Speed** **(ms)** \\ \hline  & & & 92.8 & 76.4 & 98.4 & 85.9 & 25.9 M & 79.1 & 32.3 \\ \(\surd\) & & & 93.1 & 78.5 & 95.4 & 88.9 & 42.5 M & 85.6 & 34.5 \\  & \(\surd\) & & 93.5 & 73.71 & 93.96 & 89.22 & 34 M & 92.4 & 33.7 \\  & & \(\surd\) & & 94.14 & 75.12 & 94.6 & 89.9 & 25.9 M & 79.1 & 32.4 \\ \(\surd\) & \(\surd\) & & 93.9 & 78.3 & 93.2 & 91.5 & 50.6 M & 98.9 & 35.9 \\  & \(\surd\) & \(\surd\) & 93.75 & 82.1 & 98 & 90.86 & 34 M & 92.4 & 33.9 \\ \(\surd\) & & \(\surd\) & 94.89 & 84.5 & 97.03 & 91.09 & 42.5 M & 85.6 & 34.8 \\ \(\surd\) & \(\surd\) & \(\surd\) & 95.5 & 80.4 & 96.7 & 91.9 & 50.6 M & 98.9 & 35.9 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 2: Results of Ablation Experiment.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Model** & **mAP\_0.5** & **mAP\_0.5:0.95** & **Precision** & **Recall** & **Speed** \\  & **(\%)** & **(\%)** & **(\%)** & **(\%)** & **(\%)** & **(ms)** \\ \hline Faster RCNN & 86.7 & 64.9 & 81.9 & 83.1 & 80.9 \\ Sparse RCNN & 90 & 66.4 & 93.8 & 81.1 & 79.1 \\ Cascade RCNN & 86.8 & 65.3 & 89.1 & 77.7 & 86.7 \\ YOLOv5m & 91.9 & 68.3 & 95 & 86.2 & 50.5 \\ YOLOv6m & 88.67 & 71.8 & 91.8 & 86.5 & 45.7 \\ YOLOv7 & 92 & 75.9 & 98.2 & 85.5 & 41.5 \\ YOLOv8m & 92.8 & 76.4 & 98.4 & 85.9 & 32.3 \\ Ours & 95.5 & 80.4 & 96.7 & 91.9 & 35.9 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 3: Comparative Experiments with Other Models.  
Figure 15: Cont.  
Figure 16: _Cont._  
Figure 15: YOLOv8m original-model detection results and enlarged images (left column: original image of detection results, right column: enlarged image). (**a**) trash. (**b**) twig. (**c**) nest. (**d**) kite. (**e**) bird. (**f**) balloon.  
In Figures 15 and 16, we sequentially compare the detection results for each subfigure. In Figures 15a and 16a, our improved model enhances the confidence in detecting trash  
Figure 16: Improved YOLOv8m-model detection results and enlarged images. (left column: original image of detection results, right column: enlarged image). (**a**) trash. (**b**) twig. (**c**) nest. (**d**) kite. (**e**) bird. (**f**) balloon.  
targets. In Figures 15b and 16b, our improved model eliminates duplicate predictions of different parts of the same twig and false detections of a nest, while also achieving a higher confidence in twig detection. In Figures 15c and 16c, our improved model exhibits higher confidence in detecting an obscured nest. In Figures 15d and 16d, our improved model avoids incomplete detection of kite targets and enhances confidence in detecting kite targets. In Figures 15e and 16e, our improved model eliminates duplicate predictions of different parts of the same bird and improves confidence in bird target detection. Finally, in Figures 15f and 16f, our improved model elevates the confidence in detecting balloon targets.