# Efficient and Secured Mechanisms for Data Link in IoT WSNs: A Literature Review
## 10 Network Security Attacks and Issues of Data Link Layer Protocols  
Table 5 describes the network security attacks on popular data link layer protocols and states the network consequences. We discuss the effects of network security attacks on network performance. Concerns regarding network ramifications for major data link layer issues, such as flow control, quality of service (QoS), and jamming assaults, are commonly articulated. At the data link layer, flow management is a design problem. It is a technique that monitors the correct flow of data from the sender to the recipient. The sender must relay data or information at a high rate, allowing the receiver to grasp and process the information. Flow control in the data link layer essentially limits and coordinates the number of frames or data a sender can send before waiting for a response from the recipient [81]. QoS applies to traffic prioritization and resource reservation management \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Attack** & **Layer** & **Type** & **Features of Attack** \\ \hline Eavesdropping & Physical & Ex & Without the node’s awareness, it overhears and intercepts data in its transmit coverage area. \\ \hline Basic jammers & Physical & Ex & Intentional radio emissions obstruct or discourage data transmission. \\ \hline Intelligent jamming & Data link & Ex & Since the protocol rules for data delivery are defined, data packets are explicitly targeted. Collisions with adjacent nodes can occur if the filled radio channels are used. \\ \hline Collision & Data link & In & Collisions with adjacent nodes can occur if the filled radio channels are used. \\ \hline Replay attack & Network & In & Repetition of a successful data transfer. \\ \hline Black hole & Network & In & Failing to forward all submitted data packets, including its own. \\ \hline Sink hole & Network & In & Fake information is advertised to construct a point of interest for other nodes. \\ \hline Sybil assault & Network & In & Using the network to present different identities. \\ \hline Node replication & Network & Ex/in & Physically grabbing a node, replicating it, and redeploying it into the network. \\ \hline Open worm hole assault & Network & In & The attacker gains access to the source and destination, builds a bogus path without the users’ awareness, monitors the information, and sends it to the destination. \\ \hline Data integrity & Transport & In & During delivery, data is compromised by the attacker modifying the content or inserting fake messages. \\ \hline Energy drain & Transport & Ex/in & Sends as many link institution requests as possible to a specific node or nodes. \\ \hline Exhaustion & Data link & In & Energy resources are wasted, causing the target node to conduct unneeded calculations or to receive or deliver data. \\ \hline Tampering & Physical & In & Retrieves cryptographic material such as cipher keys. \\ \hline Hello flood attack & network & Ex/in & Sends a “hello” packet to a neighboring node and modifies its network topology. \\ \hline Attack on reliability & Application & Ex/in & Places the node in the communication line to produce false data or questions. \\ \hline Malicious code assault & Application & Ex/in & Injects a “bug” into the program that causes it to crash or assumes full charge of the application’s resources. \\ \hline DoS & Multi-layer & Ex/in & A broad assault that could involve many other attacks occurring at the same time. \\ \hline Man-in-the-middle assault & Multi-layer & Ex/in & Sniffs the network to intercept, without the network’s knowledge, contact between two sensor nodes at the key exchange stage. \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: Features and types of attacks related to WSN layers [78; 79; 80]. systems that help network infrastructure handle packet loss, latency, and jitter. It can give various programs, customers, or data flows different goals or promise a certain degree of output for a data flow; QoS is especially critical when transporting traffic with special needs.