# The Influence of Metro Tunnel Construction Parameters on the Settlement of Surrounding Buildings
## 1 Introduction
Regression coefficients are numerical values that can be negative or positive, and they are used as weighting coefficients [25]. They indicate the direction and degree of influence of each parameter on the final outcome. Weighting coefficients also help determine which model parameter has the greatest impact on the predicted value. Previously, the authors of this study had already used statistical methods to determine the impact of excavation on the vertical and horizontal movements of tunnels [26]. Additionally, the authors had previously obtained results from regression analysis in their prior work [27], which established that statistically significant parameters for the settlement of an object over one monitoring cycle include the face pressure (P\({}_{\text{avg}}\)), the relative parameter (P\({}_{\text{avg}}\)/H) where H is the depth of the tunnel, the number of floors of the structure (L) under which construction is performed, and the distance from the tunnel to the monitoring object (r). However, the last parameter contributes the least to the amount of settlement out of all the listed parameters. Additionally, it has been determined that, within the available data set, there is no observed dependency of the settlement over one cycle of geotechnical monitoring on the volume of injected grouting solution into the space between lining and soil mass (v) and the volume of soil removal for the installation of one ring (V). It should also be noted that the derived models were compiled without the characteristics of the soil mass. Among similar works on the construction of underground mined tunnels, a study can be highlighted which presents a proven, effective equation for determining settlement, which takes into account the horizontal-to-vertical-stress ratio, cohesion, and deformation modulus of the soil [28]. In a similar study for TBM, the tunnel burial depth was about 12.0 m\(\sim\)26.5 m and the influence of parameters on surface settlement was also examined. It was found that, in the first test section, the most significant impact on the dependent variable is exerted by total thrust, torque, cutter-head rotation speed, advance speed, and grouting pressure, while in the second section, the key influencing parameters are total thrust, cutter-head torque, advance speed, earth pressure, and grouting pressure. The construction of the tunnel was carried out predominantly in clayey soils, residual soil, and andesite [29]. The aim of this work is also to use statistical methods to investigate the impact of tunnel construction on the movements of the surrounding buildings and the Earth's surface using data from geotechnical monitoring, actual technological parameters obtained during tunneling, and information on the plan and elevation placement of the tunnel, as well as engineering-geological conditions. In this study, the authors intend to conduct an analysis not for a single cycle of geotechnical monitoring, as is commonly performed in other studies [27; 28; 29] on this topic, but to examine the influence of various factors on the accumulated settlement. By doing so, we minimize the impact of the geodetic instrument's measurement error on the research results, as the error is within \(\pm\)5 mm, which often does not exceed the deformation error for a single monitoring cycle. Therefore, the authors suggest that the impact of constructing metro tunnels using a closed method with a TBM can be minimized by controlling the tunneling process parameters. However, it is necessary to investigate which parameters most significantly influence settlement.