## 4 Specific Examples and Applications of Wearable Antenna Designs
This antenna operates at 1850 MHz (BW = 100 MHz) and 2450 MHz (BW = 110 MHz). The wearer with this antenna can access GSM1900 and Wi-Fi communication links. Additionally a dual-band wearable textile antenna for the same communication links was proposed in [73]. A novel circularly polarized textile antenna for personal satellite communications is proposed in [74]. Two textile antennas using Nora Dell for conducting sections and Nomex for the substrate are designed in [75]. The two antennas are proposed to be integrated in an extravehicular suit (astronaut suit) for space network applications. A complementary-8 shape e-textile antenna element can be used as part of a body worn communication and navigation antenna system that supports many different bands, including those used by both 802.11 and 802.16 bands. A system of six complementary-8 shape e-textile antennas shifted by 90 degrees can be used for polarization diversity and omnidirectional coverage most of the observable sphere surrounding the astronaut. This is an important requirement for the astronaut communication and navigation. In [76] a fabric equiangular spiral antenna using Nora Dell for the conductive sections is fabricated and presented. The earliest wearable active textile receiving antenna in the 2.45 GHz ISM band was proposed in [77, 78]. A low noise amplifier (LNA) is fabricated on a hybrid textile fabric and positioned directly underneath a wearable patch antenna. In [79] a dual band coplanar waveguide feed patch antenna was designed. Zelt is used for the conductive parts of the antenna and felt for the substrate. The use of an EBG substrate under the patch antenna improves the gain and reduces the back radiation by at least 13 dB making the antenna suitable for wearable applications and more tolerant to the effects of the lossy human body in terms of antenna efficiency. Additionally, the improvement on antenna performance by the use of an EBG is presented in [80] where the effect of bending the textile patch antenna is fully examined. It is hypothesized that the EBG structure which inevitably adds an extra height to the patch antenna could be hidden into clothing. Another triangular textile patch antenna over an EBG structure is presented in [81]. In [82] the on-body improvement performance of a dual-band wearable textile by using an EBG structure was presented. Two novel Ultra Wide Band (UWB) textile antenna designs were proposed in [83]. The conducting parts of the antennas were made with Shielddit and the substrate is a thick felt. These antennas are fed by a coplanar waveguide. Because of the lack of a ground plane between the antenna and the human body the placement of the antennas on the body degraded the S11 at most locations. The dielectric coupling between the antennas and the body introduced a down shift of the resonant frequencies. The coupling with the lossy body is expected to degrade the efficiency and the gain of these antennas. Therefore, the use of an EBG structure as previously referred will improve the performance of the coplanar waveguide feed textile antennas. The process of designing a printed textile monopole antenna is presented in [84] which is lightweight and has a very simple structure to fabricate. One disadvantage of a printed monopole is that due to its short partial ground plane its performance is highly affected and degraded by the presence of the human body. This last point renders the printed textile monopole a moderate candidate for wearable applications. A broadband waveguide slot antenna is proposed where denim was used as the substrate filling the waveguide--this proposed waveguide slot antenna is cheap to manufacture [8]. A novel wearable substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) antenna fabricated entirely from textile materials is presented in [85]. The SIW-on-textile integration results in an antenna exhibiting high robustness against bending, low influence of the human body and high front-to-back ratio.