## 5 Conclusions  
Herein, 49 _TPS_ genes were identified in _R. chinensis_, a rose species that has played an important role in rose domestication. We divided theses _TPS_ genes into five subfamilies. Their chromosomal localization, phylogenetic relationship, gene structure and conserved motifs were subsequently assessed. _Cis_-acting element analysis and expression patterns of _RcTPS_ genes under osmotic and heat stresses indicated that _RcTPS_ genes were regulated by abiotic stresses and that they might be involved in stress responses in roses. This study provides a foundation for further investigation on the functional role and regulation modes of _RcTPS_ genes in roses. **Supplementary Materials:** The following are available online at [[https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/genes13030547/s1](https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/genes13030547/s1)]([https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/genes13030547/s1](https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/genes13030547/s1)), Figure S1: Ten conserved motifs in _R. chinensis_ TPS proteins identified by MEME tool. Table S1: Accession number of the TPS proteins represented in phylogenetic analysis. Table S2: The FPKM values of _RcTPS_ genes in different _R. chinensis_ tissues. Table S3: The expression values of _RcTPS_ genes under 200 mM mannitol treatment for 48 h. Table S4: The expression values of _RcTPS_ genes under heat treatment (35 \({}^{\circ}\)C) for 24 h. Table S5: Primers used for qRT-PCR analysis. Table S6: Functional annotation of RcTPS proteins by Terzyme ([[http://www.nipgr.ac.in/terzyme.html](http://www.nipgr.ac.in/terzyme.html)]([http://www.nipgr.ac.in/terzyme.html](http://www.nipgr.ac.in/terzyme.html)), accessed on 24 February 2022). **Author Contributions:** [PERSON] designed and conducted the experiments. [PERSON], [PERSON], [PERSON], [PERSON] ([PERSON]), [PERSON] ([PERSON]) and [PERSON] analyzed the data and wrote and/or edited the manuscript. [PERSON] provided help with data analysis. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. **Funding:** This research was funded by National Key R&D Program of China (2019 YFD1000400). **Institutional Review Board Statement:** Not applicable. **Informed Consent Statement:** Not applicable. Figure 9: Expression patterns of the _RcTPS_ genes with the highest transcript abundance in petals of fully open flowers under osmotic (200 mM mannitol) and heat (35 \({}^{\circ}\)C) treatment. Data Availability Statement: Accession numbers of all the _TPS_ genes used in this study and the candidate _RcTPS_ genes are listed in Table S1 and Table 1, respectively. The rose genome database is available at: [[https://lipmbrowsers.toulouse.inra.fr/pub/RchiOBHm-V2/](https://lipmbrowsers.toulouse.inra.fr/pub/RchiOBHm-V2/)]([https://lipmbrowsers.toulouse.inra.fr/pub/RchiOBHm-V2/](https://lipmbrowsers.toulouse.inra.fr/pub/RchiOBHm-V2/)), accessed on 24 February 2022. **Acknowledgments:** We are grateful for those make the rose genome and transcriptome data published online. **Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest. * [PERSON] et al. (2017) [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] [PERSON]; [PERSON] Genomic Analysis of Terpene Synthase Family and Functional Characterization of Seven Sesquietrene Synthesis from _Citrus sinensis_. _Front. Plant Sci._**2017**, \(8\). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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* [PERSON] et al. (2020) [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] Analysis of Terpene Synthase Family Genes in _Camelia sinensis_ with an Emphasis on Abiotic Stress Conditions. _Sci. Rep._**2020**, _10_. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
* [PERSON] et al. (2020) [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Profile of _TPS_ Gene Family in _Dendrobitine and the Role of DCP101_ in Linalool Biosynthesis. _Int. J. Mol. Sci._**2020**, _21_, 5419. [CrossRef]
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