## 1 Introduction
They concluded that hybrid nanofluid flow plays a more substantial role in the process of heat transfer than a regular nanofluid flow. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [11] reviewed hybrid nanofluids for heat transfer applications and mentioned that the deposition of nanoparticles and reduction in the thickness of the boundary layer were the main reasons for the enhancement in thermal performance. [PERSON] et al. [12] presented current research aspects in mono and hybrid nanofluid-based heat pipe technologies. Recent research and experimental studies of the thermal conductivity of hybrid nanofluids were investigated by [13]. Next, [14] also reviewed hybrid nanofluid flow and heat transfer over backward and forward steps; the findings indicated that the features of hybrid nanofluids improve as the volume fraction and temperature increase and that they exhibit new characteristics in terms of heat transfer performance. A study by [15] described tailored silver/graphene nanoplatelet hybrid nanofluids for solar applications. The experimental and numerical study of heat transfer and friction factor of a plain tube with hybrid nanofluids was studied by [16]. The recent trend of nanofluid heat transfer machine learning research was applied to renewable energy by [17]. This study concluded that nanofluids could improve the heat transfer of the heat exchangers used in various energy systems, including renewable solar, wind, and geothermal energy. [PERSON] et al. [18] conducted an experimental and numerical approach regarding the flow of nanofluid and hybrid fluid in porous channels, and [PERSON] et al. [19] reviewed the application of conventional and hybrid nanofluids in different machining processes. Considering previous studies related to the boundary layer over nonlinear surfaces, such as exponential analyses, [PERSON] [20] investigated hybrid nanofluid flow induced by an exponentially shrinking sheet. They explained that vorticity occurs for the shrinking sheet flow. Thus, the similarity solutions do not exist, since vorticity could not be confined to the boundary layer. Mixed convection flow over an exponentially stretching/shrinking vertical surface in a hybrid nanofluid was studied by [21]. Moreover, [PERSON] et al. [22] conducted a stability analysis of \(Cu-C_{6}H_{9}NaO_{7}\) and \(Ag-C_{6}H_{9}NaO_{7}\) nanofluids with the effect of viscous dissipation over stretching and shrinking surfaces using a single-phase model. It was observed that here, two possibilities exist: there is a unique solution when \(\lambda>\lambda_{c}\), whereas when \(\lambda<\lambda_{c}\), no solution exists. It should be noted that the \(\lambda_{c}\) indicates the critical point of the parameter \(\lambda\) where a solution exists. [PERSON] et al. [23] presented flow and heat transfer past a permeable power-law deformable plate with orthogonal shear in a hybrid nanofluid. They mention that \(\lambda_{c}\) is also known as a separation point and is usually located in the shrinking region. Based on this study, the separation point can be extended when the volume fraction of copper nanoparticles and suction effect increase. A boost in suction and copper nanoparticles volume fraction can delay the separation. [PERSON] et al. [23] also conducted a comparative analysis about flow and heat transfer of hybrid nanofluid over a permeable shrinking cylinder with Joule heating. Their results indicated that suction could hold the boundary layer separation by inducing the flow and increasing the heat transfer rate. Last but not least, [PERSON] et al. [24] investigated the heat generation/absorption effect on MHD flow of hybrid nanofluid over a bidirectional exponentially stretching/shrinking sheet. The stability of nanofluids has been discussed [25; 26; 27; 28], whereby the performance of nanofluids can be significantly affected by channel orientations in micro dimensions. The dual solutions could justify the stability of the solution by performing a stability analysis.