# A Dynamic Multi-Layer Steganography Approach Based on Arabic Letters' Diacritics and Image Layers
## 5 Conclusions  
In conclusion, this paper presents a novel and robust steganography algorithm that utilizes the limited-sized diacritics of Arabic letters and Hamzas to embed confidential information effectively. The proposed approach outperforms previous steganography solutions by leveraging the inherent properties of the Arabic language, such as the variability of diacritics and the different ways to write the Arabic letter Alif with Hamza. Furthermore, the algorithm makes the hidden text almost impossible to detect by employing a multi-layered technique that includes encryption, cover concealment, and cover hiding. This paper introduces two embedding scenarios for the encrypted data: one based on the diacritics used in the Arabic language and the other based on the different ways to write the Arabic letter Alif with Hamzas. The scenario based on diacritics outperforms the Hamza scenario in terms of capacity, as diacritics can be added to any letter in the text. However, both scenarios have weaknesses in imperceptibility, and additional layers of protection, such as encryption and image encapsulation, are recommended to enhance security. The proposed algorithm significantly enhances the capacity and robustness of the hidden text while diversifying the hiding scenarios. However, a disadvantage of this method is the need to establish a substitution map between the two parties in the first scenario. Therefore, this research proposes a new solution that can potentially aid in military and other highly confidential applications. Furthermore, experiments show that the proposed algorithm has a relatively large secret capacity, but the complexity of cracking the message increases with the length of the message. Therefore, the proposed text-based algorithm can be deemed effective without needing an image layer, and it is also robust against attacks, as the attacker must also decrypt the message. Overall, five experts have thoroughly investigated and evaluated the proposed steganography algorithm based on Arabic diacritics and Hamzas using the Delphi method. The results demonstrate its effectiveness and potential for use in military and other highly \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Reference \#** & **Approach Used** & **Imperceptibility** & **Capacity** & **Robustness** & **Security** \\ \hline
[17] & Hybrid & high & high & high & high \\
[29] & Kashida & unknown & high & unknown & unknown \\
[32] & Diacritics & unknown & high & unknown & unknown \\
[54] & Kashida & unknown & high & unknown & unknown \\
[30] & Hybrid & high & unknown & unknown & unknown \\
[31] & Kashida & unknown & high & unknown & high \\  
nknown & high & high & high \\
**our approach** & **Diacritics and Hamzas** & **high** & **high** & **high** & **high** \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 7: Comparison with other approaches. confidential applications while highlighting areas for improvement to enhance its security and imperceptibility. Conceptualization, S.S.A., A.B.A., A.A.A. and M.A. ; methodology, S.S.A., A.B.A., A.A.A. and M.A. ; software, S.S.A. and A.B.A. ; validation, S.S.A., A.B.A., A.A.A. and M.A. ; formal analysis, S.S.A. and A.B.A. ; investigation, S.S.A., A.B.A., A.A.A. and M.A. ; resources, S.S.A., A.B.A., A.A.A. and M.A. ; writing--original draft preparation, S.S.A., A.B.A., A.A.A. and M.A. ; writing--review and editing, S.S.A., A.B.A., A.A.A. and M.A. ; visualization, S.S.A. and A.B.A. ; supervision, S.S.A. ; project administration, S.S.A. ; funding acquisition, M.A. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. This project is funded by Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Researchers Supporting Project number (PNURSP2023R383), Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Not applicable. This work was supported through the Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Researchers Supporting Project number (PNURSP2023R383) provided through Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.