esa-sceva/satcom-chunk-collection huggingface dataset:
## 3 Influence of Key Parameters on the Response
### On the Cross-Influence between Retained Nodes Number and Mode Shape under Investigation  
It is also interesting to investigate whether the effect of retained contact nodes density changes, depending on specific mode under investigation. In Figure 12 the variation of the natural frequency versus the number of retained contact nodes along X direction, is shown for two different mode shapes. It is observed that the natural frequency variation of the blade neck-bending mode is almost 10 times larger than the one of pure-airfoil torsion.  
This is not surprising since, in the case of neck bending, the strip acts as a constraint under the blade platform and consequently it affects significantly the motion of the neck. Therefore, the way the damper is modelled has a large influence on the system stiffness. Instead, in case of pure airfoil torsion, the strip is almost completely irrelevant to the dynamic of the structure (i.e., the platforms are  
Figure 11: Influence of mesh discretization and of contact node density along X direction.  
Figure 12: Variation of natural frequency versus the number of retained contact nodes. (**a**) Neck-bending mode (reference frequency = 1320 Hz). (**b**) Airfoil torsional mode (reference frequency = 1372 Hz).  
\"overall\" in a low mobility state even without the damper). As a result, not only the strip will have a lower influence over the system response (low frequency shift between \"free curve without strip\" and \"full stick curve with strip\"), but also the effect of changing the number of retained contact nodes will be limited.
# A Data-Driven State Estimation Based on Sample Migration for Low-Observable Distribution Networks
## 4 Case Study
### Calculation Efficiency  
Traditional SE algorithms may encounter issues with complex models and low computational efficiency, and the computational efficiency decreases with the increase in system size. A data-driven method is used to enhance the efficiency of state estimation. Table 3 presents the calculation times of different algorithms applied to various actual distribution networks.  
As shown in Table 3, when the testing system is small, the computation time of traditional SE algorithms (WLS, WLAV) and the proposed algorithm can all meet the real-time requirements of SE. In some cases, the computation efficiency of WLS and WLAV even outperforms that of the proposed method. However, as the system scale continues to expand, the computation time of WLS and WLAV significantly increases, while the computational efficiency of our algorithm remains largely unaffected by the system size. Therefore, the presented algorithm demonstrates better computational efficiency than conventional algorithms. The computation time for the proposed method refers to the online estimation time, while the model training is completed offline, without occupying online computing resources. Consequently, the online computation of the presented algorithm maintains good real-time performance.
# Degradation of Trace Organic Contaminants by a Membrane Distillation--Enzymatic Bioreactor
## 3 Results and Discussion
### TrOC Degradation in Enzymatic Bioreactor
Although our approach was different, it is conceivable that prolonged retention of TrOCs in the enzymatic bioreactor can improve their degradation. It is noteworthy that phenolic TrOCs (e.g., triclosan, oxybenzene, bisphenol A and steroid hormones) can act as redox-mediators, and the fragments of phenoxyl radicals formed following their degradation by laccase can oxidize non-phenolic compounds [39]. Indeed [PERSON] et al. [12] observed that degradation of diclofenac by laccase was significantly higher in the mixture of TrOCs containing diclofenac, bisphenol A and ofrenamic acid than its degradation as a single compound. It is possible that complete retention of phenoxyl radicals formed due to the degradation of phenolic TrOCs aided better degradation of non-phenolic TrOCs by MD-EMBR as compared to previously developed UF-EMBR [18; 37]. Further investigation would be required to substantiate this hypothesis but that is beyond the scope of this study. This study confirms for the first time the improvement in TrOC degradation in an enzymatic bioreactor by coupling with it a high retention membrane (such as membrane distillation) as compared to a conventional ultrafiltration membrane. We used a direct contact membrane distillation module, but there may be case-specific scope of choice between different formats of membrane distillation. Future studies are recommended to assess the commercial viability of different configurations of MD such as vacuum MD and air gap MD, but that is beyond the scope of this study.
# Multi-Hypergraph Neural Networks for Emotion Recognition in Multi-Party Conversations
## 4 Experimental Setting  
### Datasets  
We evaluated our model on two ERC datasets. Their statistics are shown in Table 1. They were all multimodal datasets, but our task mainly focused on textual modality for conducting our experiments.  
**MELD**[44] was derived from the Friends TV series. The utterances were annotated with one of seven labels, namely, neutral, joy, surprise, sadness, anger, disgust, and fear. The dataset consisted of multi-party conversations and involved too many plot backgrounds. Non-neutral emotions accounted for 53%.  
**EmoryNLP**[45] was also collected from the Friends TV scripts, but differed from MELD in the choice of scenes and emotion labels. The emotion labels included neutral, sad, mad, scared, powerful, peaceful, and joyful. Non-neutral emotions accounted for 73%.
###### Abstract  
Enhancing damage tolerance and wear resistance in Al-Si-based alloys under thermomechanical stress remains a key challenge in lightweight structural applications. This study investigates the microstructural and tribomechanical behavior of hypoeutectic Al-Si-(Cu)-Mg alloys with varying Cu:Mg ratios (3:1 vs. 1:3) under a T6 heat treatment. Alloys A and B, with identical Si contents but differing Cu and Mg levels, were subjected to multiscale microstructural characterization and mechanical and wear testing at 25 \({}^{\circ}\)C, 150 \({}^{\circ}\)C, and 250 \({}^{\circ}\)C. Alloy A (Cu-rich) exhibited refined \(\alpha\)-Al(FeMn)Si phases and homogeneously dissolved Cu in the Al matrix, promoting lattice contraction and dislocation pinning. In contrast, Alloy B (Mg-rich) retained coarse Mg:Si and residual \(\beta\)-AlFeSi phases, which induced local stress concentrations and thermal instability. Under tribological testing, Alloy A showed slightly higher friction coefficients (0.38-0.43) but up to 26.4% lower wear rates across all temperatures. At 250 \({}^{\circ}\)C, Alloy B exhibited a 25.2% increase in the wear rate, accompanied by surface degradation such as delamination and spaling due to \(\beta\)-AlFeSi fragmentation and matrix softening. These results confirm that the Cu:Mg ratio critically influences the dominant hardening mechanism--the solid solution vs. precipitation--and determines the high-temperature performance. Alloy A maintained up to 14.1% higher tensile strength and 22.3% higher hardness, exhibiting greater shear resistance and interfacial stability. This work provides a compositionally guided framework for designing thermally durable Al-Si-based alloys with improved wear resistance under elevated temperature conditions.  
hypoeutic Al-Si-(Cu)-Mg alloys; Cu:Mg ratio; solid solution; precipitation hardening; high-temperature tensile; high-temperature wear
## 1 Introduction
With the analysis of the model, different flight speeds and pitch angles were obtained, and the transition flight corridor of the high-speed helicopter was obtained by combining the state variables. [PERSON] et al. (2019) established a mathematical model of the flight dynamics of a compound coaxial helicopter. Taking a small coaxial fixed-wing helicopter as an example, the Newton iteration method was used to complete the trimming of the attitude and control quantity at different flight speeds, and the preliminary calculation method was given for the transition flight corridor. The above works mainly focused on the transitional flight corridors of tilt-rotor aircraft and purely ducted aircraft. However, there is little work on the transition corridor of vertical take-off and landing fixed-wing UAVs powered by ducts and lift fans. In this work, a ducted vertical take-off and landing fixed-wing UAV is taken as the research object. The UAV power system is divided into two parts: one is the front lift fan system, and the other is the ducted lift-increasing system composed of the duct and the small wing surface (see Figure 1). The lift fan system is a coaxial rotor system that includes an upper rotor and a lower rotor, and the upper and lower rotor moments cancel each other out. The UAV of this configuration can achieve vertical take-off and landing, as well as the high speed and long endurance of the fixed-wing aircraft. The objectives of this work are to establish a transition corridor model of this type of UAV, to find its flight boundary, and to propose a method to expand the flight corridor. Based on the matching of UAV power and aerodynamic balance, a vertical take-off and landing fixed-wing UAV transition flight corridor is established from the perspective of flight dynamics. The left boundary of the transition corridor is determined by the maximum lift coefficient. The right boundary of the corridor is determined by the UAV's available power. Finally, the UAV is calculated for the transition corridor. Then, the flight envelope of the vertical take-off and landing fixed-wing UAV is analyzed based on overall parameters, and a method is provided for the design of the transitional corridor of the vertical take-off and landing fixed-wing UAV.
## Materials and Methods  
### Materials  
Low methyl esterified amidated pectin was kindly received from AROMSA Inc. (Gebze, Turkey). The product (GENU pectin, LM-104 AS-FS, degree of esterification 27%, degree of amidation 20%) was produced and delivered in powder form by CP Kelco (Copenhagen, Denmark). PEO with molecular weight (M\({}_{\mathrm{w}}\)) of 2000 kDa, that is, PEO\({}_{\mathrm{2000}}\), was obtained in powder form as SENTRYTM POLYOXTM WSR N80-LEO NF grade by The Dow Chemical Company (Midland, MI, USA). PEG with M\({}_{\mathrm{w}}\) of 900 kDa, that is, PEG\({}_{\mathrm{900}}\), was provided by Honeywell Fluka Chemicals Company (Bucharest, Romania). Bacterial aliphatic copolyester PHBV was ENMAT(tm) Y1000P, produced by Tianan Biologic Materials (Ningbo, China) and distributed by NaturePlast (Ifs, France). The product was delivered as off-white pellets packaged in plastics bags. The biopolymer resin presents a true density of 1.23 g/cm\({}^{3}\) and the pellets a bulk density of 0.74 g/cm\({}^{3}\), as determined by ISO 1183 and ISO 60, respectively. Sorbitan monolaurate was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich S.A. (Madrid, Spain) as Span(r) 20. According to the manufacturer, its fatty acid composition was lauric acid (C12:0) \(\geq\) 44%; balance primarily myristic (C14:0), palmitic (C16:0), and linolenic (C18:3) acids. Calcium chloride, dichloromethane, 2,2,2-trifluorethanol ( TFE), \(\geq\)99% purity, and glycerol, \(\geq\)99.5% purity, were all also purchased from Sigma-Aldrich S.A. (Madrid, Spain).
## 4 Numerical Experimental Simulation and Analysis
### Algorithm Performance Analysis
#### 4.3.5 Comparison of the Accuracy of Matrix Solving Results  
Both the result accuracy and solution efficiency are crucial metrics in matrix solving. The accuracy of the results determines whether the final simulation outcomes can accurately reflect real-world situations. It is essential for a solver to produce accurate results while maintaining high solution efficiency, which is vital for the comprehensive evaluation of the solution process. To further investigate whether the G-Pre solving process affects the matrix results, this section compares its solving results with the original results. The error analysis, which is presented in Figure 8, shows that the errors in the results obtained from G-Pre remained at around 1%. This indicates that using G-Pre has minimal impact on the matrix results, thereby validating the feasibility and effectiveness of the G-Pre algorithm. The low error rate demonstrates that G-Pre not only achieved a high solution efficiency but also maintained a high level of accuracy. These findings reinforce the suitability of G-Pre for practical applications where both precision and performance are critical. However, it is also easy to see from Figure 8 that the error rate of the results of the small-scale Matrix 3 was higher than that of the large-scale Matrix 4. This is contrary to the difference in dimensions between Matrix 3 and Matrix 4. To analyze why the difference occurred, it can be compared with the iterative convergence process of the matrices in Figure 7. As can be seen in Figure 7, the residuals at the beginning of the iteration for Matrix 3 were much larger than the initial residuals for Matrix 4. This was due to the difference between the initial solution determined at the beginning stage of the iterative method and the actual solution, whereby the initial solution assumed for Matrix 3 had a larger error from the actual solution. This also affected the greater error in the approximate solution that was eventually obtained, resulting in a different value of the residuals of the two matrices from the convergence bounds when the convergence bounds were reached, which, in turn, made the error in the results of Matrix 3 greater.  
Figure 7: Comparison of iterative processes for different matrices under different preconditioning conditions.
# Graphene-Based Materials for the Separator Functionalization of Lithium-Ion/Metal/Sulfur Batteries
## 1 Introduction
Separators functionalized with graphene-based materials have apparent advantages, such as great chemical stability, excellent mechanical properties, and outstanding electrical/thermal conductivity, derived from monoatomic layer structure based on the sp\({}^{2}\) hybridized hexatomic carbon ring of graphene. Meanwhile, the controllable surface functional groups enable more specific properties to be achieved, for instance, the effective catalysis action on redox reactions and the adsorption effect of Li\({}^{+}\), which significantly improves energy density and cycle stability of batteries while expediting the Li\({}^{+}\) transfer and electrochemical reaction kinetics [11]. This review summarizes the preparation methods of advanced graphene-based materials reported in recent years, including typical processes such as chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and pyrolysis, and it discusses their applications as functionalized separator materials in lithium-ion batteries, lithium-metal batteries, and lithium-sulfur batteries. Finally, we look forward to the development of next-generation functionalized separator materials and point out the direction for industrialization. Graphical abstract for the current preparation method and application of graphene-based materials for the functionalized separator is shown in Figure 1.
# Travel Time Prediction on Long-Distance Road Segments in Thailand
## 3 Materials and Methods
### Experiments
#### 3.4.3. Experiment: Selecting a Suitable Filter Method  
As discussed, filter methods can be used to improve the performance of the prediction of time-series data by processing the input data before building a prediction model; thus, in this experiment, we aimed to find a suitable filter method for our work. Since the results of the SA-LSTM were better than those of the original LSTM, as presented in Section 4.2, this experiment focused on using filter techniques with the SA-LSTM. Thus, in this experiment, the SA-LSTM without a filter technique was compared to the SA-LSTM with the selected filter techniques, which were the Kalman filter, the Savitzky-Golay filter, and the Butterworth low-pass filter.  
* SA-LSTM: The setting was the same as that in the experiment in Section 3.4.2.
* Kalman: diagonal matrix = 0.1, measurement = 2
* Savitzky-Golay: windows size = 9, polynomial order = 3
* Butterworth low-pass: cut off = 3, frequency = 10, order = 2
# Conjugate Heat Transfer Analysis and Heat Dissipation Design of Nucleic Acid Detector Instrument
## 3 Simulation Process
### Material Parameters
The \(k-\omega\)_SST_ model includes all the refinements of the \(k-\omega\)_BSL_ model, and accounts for the transportation of the turbulence shear stress in the definition of turbulent viscosity. The transport equations for the \(k-\omega\)_BSL_ model are [30; 31; 32]:  
\[\frac{\partial(\rho k)}{\partial t}+\frac{\partial(\rho ku_{i})}{\partial x_{ i}}=\frac{\partial}{\partial x_{j}}(\Gamma_{k}\frac{\partial k}{\partial x_{j}})+G_{k}-Y_{k}+S _{k}+G_{b} \tag{9}\]  
Figure 5: Fluid domain, solid domain, and heat source. \[\frac{\partial(\rho\omega)}{\partial t}+\frac{\partial(\rho\omega u_{i})}{\partial x _{i}}=\frac{\partial}{\partial x_{j}}(\Gamma_{\omega}\frac{\partial\omega}{ \partial x_{j}})+G_{\omega}-Y_{\omega}+D_{\omega}+S_{\omega}+G_{\omega b} \tag{10}\]  
where \(G_{k}\) represents the production of turbulence kinetic energy, \(G_{\omega}\) represents the generation of \(w\), \(\Gamma_{k}\) and \(\Gamma_{\omega}\) represent the effective diffusivity of \(k\) and \(\omega\), respectively. \(Y_{k}\) and \(Y_{\omega}\) represent the dissipation of \(k\) and \(\omega\) due to turbulence, \(D_{\omega}\) represents the cross-diffusion term, \(S_{k}\) and \(S_{\omega}\) are user-defined source terms, \(G_{b}\) and \(G_{\omega b}\) account for buoyancy terms. A detailed description of \(k-\omega\) equations can be found in [30; 31; 32]. In the simulation, a fan provided the sole source of the flow. The fan was considered to be infinitely thin and the discontinuous increase in pressure across it was specified as a function of the velocity of the fluid through the fan [33; 34]. As shown in Figure 6, a polynomial was used to define the pressure gradient caused by the fan. That is:  
\[\Delta P=71.053-8.6303v-0.4238v^{2} \tag{11}\]  
where \(\Delta P\) is the pressure jump, and \(v\) is the magnitude of the local fluid velocity normal to the fan. Figure 5 shows a model of the PCB plate and the corresponding heat sources, heat sources were used as the temperature source term, the values are shown in Figure 4b. The experimental data obtained from TEC side1 and side2 were included the final temperature under the effect of the entire TEC, side1 and side2 were used as the temperature wall, The values are shown in Figure 4a. At the fluid-solid interface [35],  
\[u=0;T_{f}=T_{s};-k_{f}\frac{\partial T_{f}}{\partial n}=-k_{s}\frac{\partial T _{s}}{\partial n} \tag{12}\]  
At the outer wall of the housing,  
\[\frac{\partial T_{s}}{\partial n}=0 \tag{13}\]  
where \(T_{f}\) and \(T_{s}\) are fluid temperature and solid temperature, respectively. In this study, the solar-type pressure-based method was used. The simulation settings are listed in Table 4. A total of twenty iterations were performed for each time step. The simulations were considered to converge when the energy residual curve was less than \(1\times 10^{-6}\), and other residual curves were less than \(1\times 10^{-3}\). Figure 6: Fitting curve of the fan.
# 2D Phase-Based RFID Localization for On-Site Landslide Monitoring
## 5 Conclusions  
We have derived a phase-based 2D localization error theoretical model that allows for error estimation in a scenario of two to four static interrogator antennas, taking into account the specific setup geometry. The model is based on both the sensitivity kernel of the measurement system and a two-ray propagation model (multipath). Under certain conditions, this model confirms the ability to track centimetric ground displacements. The in-plane horizontal measurements demonstrate much better accuracy than the out-of-plane vertical measurements, due to the preferential horizontal antenna distribution, and to ground-reflection multipath interference.  
A set of RFID tags was placed on an active landslide and phase measurements were performed over several months to monitor the tags' displacement. The results show a clear south-east displacement of about 1 m in the horizontal plane over the monitored area. The presented method, inspired by the time-difference phase-difference scheme, has shownvery good results for the monitoring of relative displacements in 2D at the centimeter scale. The monitoring of landslides using RFID technology was demonstrated to be a viable solution, with centimeter-scale accuracy over large periods of time. A further step in large scale monitoring could be to deploy a moving antenna (SAR) over greater lengths, and to implement a data assimilation approach to increase data availability.  
Conceptualization, A.C., M.L.B., E.L. and L.B.; Data curation, A.C.; Funding acquisition, M.L.B., E.L. and L.B.; Investigation, A.C.; Methodology, M.L.B., E.L. and L.B.; Supervision, M.L.B., E.L. and L.B.; Validation, A.C., M.L.B., E.L. and L.B.; Writing--original draft, A.C.; Writing--review & editing, M.L.B., E.L. and L.B. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
This work was partially funded by the ANR LABCOM GEO3 ILAB and by the Region Auvergne Rhone Alpes RISQID project. This work is part of the \"Habitability\" LABEX coordinated by OSUG. We acknowledge experimental help from [PERSON], [PERSON], [PERSON], and [PERSON] from ISTerre.  
The authors declare no conflict of interest.