## 3 Materials and Methods
### Data Collection
It is worth mentioning that saturation is always a subjective judgment and the decision to stop theoretical sampling, using the methodological guide \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Data Collection**} & **Type of** & **Data Collected from Project A** \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{Document analysis} & Native BIM files & 20 models: 4 disciplines, 5 design stages \\ \cline{2-3}  & BIM compliance documents & 7 model audit review reports, 2 compliance meeting minutes \\ \cline{2-3}  & \multirow{3}{*}{Project requirements} & Request for Proposal, Statement of Requirements, BIM Requirements (included the Owner Standard Requirements, the Data and Geometry Specifications, and the BIM Execution Plan) \\ \cline{2-3}  & \multirow{3}{*}{Asset data collection documents} & Asset data collection reports, several spreadsheets used for the asset data collection and management, access to the BIMFi external database, and spreadsheets with data exported from Maximo \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{Semi-structured Interviews} & Owners & 11 interviews with different participants including the director involved in the BIM implementation process, asset information specialist, senior design leader, facilities systems and support project leader, and maintenance planner \\ \cline{2-3}  & \multirow{3}{*}{Design team} & 1 interview with the BIM manager \\ \cline{2-3}  & \multirow{3}{*}{General contractors} & 2 interviews, one with the virtual design and construction coordinator and another with the design manager \\ \cline{2-3}  & \multirow{3}{*}{Trades} & 1 interview with the project manager of the electric trade \\ \cline{2-3}  & \multirow{3}{*}{Consultants} & 5 interviews with the BIM consultants, 2 interviews with the asset data consultants, and 1 interview with the CMMS consultant \\ \hline Meeting & BIM and asset data & 22 meetings during the end of construction and handover, including owners, BIM consultants, asset data consultants and the CMMS consultant \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Survey} & In-depth survey with design team & 19 responses to a survey containing 12 multiple-choice and open-ended questions that was internally distributed in the design firm \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: Different methods, types of data and quantitative description of the data collection in project A.  
lines, was influenced by the scope of the research project, particularly in terms of time and resources [83]. The data collected from the interviews and questionnaires were analyzed through an iterative coding process [77], in which themes emerged, were refined, and tested as part of a grounded theory approach [78]. The research team members attended 22 meetings that were being held regularly by the owners during the end of construction and handover. During these meetings, the owners, BIM consultants, asset data consultants, and CMMS consultants discussed details of the asset data collection and utilization of the data for the development of preventive maintenance job plans. The research team's participation in these meetings was as an observer, and questions were asked only when the principal investigator was invited to do so. A survey was conducted online in June 2019. The purpose of the survey was to increase the reach of the data collected towards different design team members with different roles considering the limited time and resources for interviews. It comprised 12 multiple-choice and open-ended questions. It received responses from 19 participants from the design firm who were involved in the design phase of project A. Given the small number of participants, the analysis focused on the answers to the open-ended questions about the BIM process for FM, including challenges, familiarity with the BIM requirements, perception of value, and impacts on their activities. Open-ended questions are useful for surveys that target a small group of people because there is no need for complex statistical analyses, and the qualitative nature of the questions solicits valuable input from each respondent.