# Risk Identification Method and Application of Roof Water Inrush Under Multi-Working Face Mining
## 6 Discussion  
* Overview: The research conducted in the domain of water-conducting fracture zone development and water inrush risk within mining engineering has significantly enhanced our understanding of the interactions between mining activities and geological formations. Key contributions to this field include the development of empirical formulas and predictive models for assessing the height of water-conducting fracture zones, employing various methodologies such as statistical analysis, numerical simulations, and machine learning techniques. Noteworthy studies have demonstrated the correlation between mining operations, stress distribution, and the likelihood of delayed water inrush incidents. Furthermore, innovative monitoring techniques, including distributed optical fiber systems, have been employed to track deformation in the overlying strata, providing valuable insights into the dynamic processes associated with fracture zone development. In summary, the findings not only contribute to the theoretical framework of mining engineering, but also offer practical implications for enhancing safety and environmental sustainability in mining practices. * Novelty: This study introduces a novel risk identification method for roof water inrush under multi-working face mining conditions, grounded in the theory of Key Strata and Full Mining Disturbance. The proposed method incorporates the cumulative effects of repeated disturbances from multiple working faces and involves the derivation of a critical dimension formula for key strata failure. This formula is then applied to assess the delayed risk of water inrush from the roof of previously mined working faces. The predictive results obtained using this method provide a more accurate representation of the overall developmental characteristics of the water-conducting fracture zone. * Limitations: The method for identifying the risk of roof water inrush under multi-working face mining conditions, based on the Key Strata Theory and Full Mining Disturbance Theory, relies on certain idealized assumptions. However, the actual geological conditions encountered in coal mining are often more complex, exhibiting  
Figure 16: Contour map of ground subsidence in the 110504 working face after extraction of the 120501 working face (6 October 2024). anisotropy in the strata and spatial variability in rock properties, which may affect the general applicability and accuracy of the critical dimension calculation formula. Moreover, the analysis combining the Key Strata Theory and the Full Mining Disturbance Theory does not fully account for some dynamic factors that arise during the mining process. For instance, variations in mining speed can influence stress distribution and fracture development in the roof; however, the impact of this factor on the risk assessment of roof water innyush is not comprehensively addressed in the theoretical framework of the study. Additionally, the accuracy of the microseismic event location is significantly influenced by geological conditions. The underground environment in mining areas is often characterized by complex geological structures, such as fracture zones, bedding variations, and ore body distributions, all of which may lead to irregular refraction, reflection, or attenuation of seismic waves during propagation, thereby affecting the precision of the monitoring data. Background noise interference during the monitoring process may also reduce the accuracy of event localization to some extent [49,50]. * Outlook: Future work should focus on further considering the non-uniformity of geological structures and rock mechanical properties to refine the critical dimension calculation formula for the failure of the key strata. The introduction of probabilistic analysis methods could be beneficial in accounting for the variability and uncertainty of parameters such as rock properties, thus making the formula more representative of actual geological conditions.