# The Effects of Plasma-Activated Water on Heavy Metals Accumulation in Water Spinach
## 3 Results and Discussion
### Concentration of Heavy Metals in Water Spinach
Plasma Treatment on Seeds**} \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Author**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Target**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Plasma Generation**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Parameters**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Outcomes**} \\ \cline{5-6}  & & & & **Seed** & **Plant** \\  & & & & **Germination** & **Growth** \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{[PERSON] et al. [11]} & Oilseed rape (_Brussica napus_ [PERSON] 9) & Low-vacuum helium cold plasma (Radio frequency discharge) & 100 W, 15 s, 150 Hz, 150 Pa & Positive & Positive \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{[PERSON] et al. [32]} & Tomato (_Solanum_ & Inductive helium capacitive coupled plasma (CCP), & Helium gas 80 W, 15 s, 15 s,  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multicolumn{6}{c}{**A. Plasma Treatment on Seeds**} \\ \hline
**Author** & **Target** & **Plasma Generation** & **Parameters** & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Outcomes**} \\ \cline{5-6}  & & & & **Seed** & **Plant** \\  & & & & **Germination** & **Growth** \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [38] & Radish seed & Non-thermal plasma-surface discharge & \begin{tabular}{c} Air, \\ 15 kV, \\ 2.7 W, \\ 20 min, \\ Gas flow rate = 1 L/min \\ \end{tabular}  & No Change & No Change \\ \hline \multicolumn{6}{c}{Air/Argon gas;} \\ \multicolumn{6}{c}{Flow rate = 1 L/min,} \\ \multicolumn{6}{c}{AC power supply, 1 kHz,} \\ [PERSON] et al. & Cotton seeds & \begin{tabular}{c} Cold \\ atmospheric-pressure \\ plasma (CAP) \\ \end{tabular}  & \begin{tabular}{c} Air, \\ 15 kV, \\ 20 min, \\ Gas flow rate = 1 L/min \\ \end{tabular}  & Positive & No Change \\ \hline \multicolumn{6}{c}{Air/Argon gas;} \\ \multicolumn{6}{c}{Flow rate = 1 L/min,} \\ \multicolumn{6}{c}{AC power supply, 1 kHz,} \\ [PERSON] et al. & Cotton seeds & \begin{tabular}{c} Cold \\ atmospheric-pressure \\ plasma (CAP) \\ \end{tabular}  & \begin{tabular}{c} Air, \\ 15 kV, \\ 27 W, \\ 27 min with dry air \\ and 81 min with \\ argon gas \\ \end{tabular}  & Positive & No Change \\ \hline \multicolumn{6}{c}{Nitrogen and Helium gas,} \\ \multicolumn{6}{c}{20 kHz,} \\ \multicolumn{6}{c}{15 kV,} \\ \multicolumn{6}{c}{100 W,} \\ \multicolumn{6}{c}{254.3 cm\({}^{2}\);} \\ \multicolumn{6}{c}{100 W,} \\ \multicolumn{6}{c}{254.3 cm\({}^{2}\);} \\ \multicolumn{6}{c}{100 W,} \\ \multicolumn{6}{c}{15, 30, 60, 120 s,} \\ \multicolumn{6}{c}{ repetition with 1, 2,} \\ \multicolumn{6}{c}{4 times with 24 h} \\ \multicolumn{6}{c}{intervals} \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [41] & _Lawtera thuringiaca_ & \begin{tabular}{c} Nitrogen gas (8 L/min), \\ 680 V, \\ \end{tabular}  & Positive & - \\ \multicolumn{6}{c}{L} \\ \multicolumn{6}{c}{L} \\ \multicolumn{6}{c}{L} \\ \multicolumn{6}{c}{L} \\ \multicolumn{6}{c}{1,} & & & \begin{tabular}{c} Helium: 1.6 dm\({}^{3}\)/min, \\ \(\cdot\)03 m\({}^{3}\)/min, \\ \(\cdot\)37 kV; \\ 17 kHz; \\ \end{tabular}  & Positive & - \\ \multicolumn{6}{c}{17 kHz,} \\ \multicolumn{6}{c}{1,} & & & \begin{tabular}{c} mean of 6 W, \\ 1, 2, 5, 10, 15 min \\ \end{tabular}  & Positive & - \\ \multicolumn{6}{c}{17 kHz,} \\ \multicolumn{6}{c}{1,} & & & \begin{tabular}{c} mean of 6 W, \\ 1, 2, 5, 10, 15 min \\ \end{tabular}  & & \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [28] & \ \begin{tabular}{c} Wheat \\ (BARI Gom 22) \\ \end{tabular}  & Low pressure dielectric & \begin{tabular}{c} Ar60\%/Air0\%, \\ \(\cdot\)02, (2 standard liters \\ per min), \\ \end{tabular}  & Positive & - \\ \multicolumn{6}{c}{25 kV,} \\ \multicolumn{6}{c}{25 kV,} \\ \multicolumn{6}{c}{25 kV,} \\ \multicolumn{6}{c}{25 kV,} \\ \multicolumn{6}{c}{25 kV,} \\ \multicolumn{6}{c}{25 kV,} \\ \multicolumn{6}{c}{90 s} \\ \multicolumn{6}{c}{} \\ \multicolumn{6}{c}{**B. Plasma Treatment on Seeds through Aqueous Media**} \\ \hline
**Author** & **Target** & **Plasma Generation** & **Parameters** & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Outcomes**} \\ \cline{5-6}  & & & **Seed** & **Plant** \\  & & & **Germination** & **Growth** \\ \hline \multicolumn{6}{c}{ \begin{tabular}{c} H\({}_{2}\), N\({}_{2}\), artificial Air, \\ O\({}_{2}\), (2 standard liters \\ per min), \\ \end{tabular}  } \\ [PERSON] et al. [21] &