# Approaches and Challenges in Internet of Robotic Things
## 5 Open Research Challenges
For example, in military exercises, IoRT-approved robotic objects must be able to distinguish between trustworthy IoRT-VM infrastructure and harmful IoRT-VM infrastructure to connect to respectable infrastructure. Robotic objects should avoid the dangerous IoRT-VM infrastructure. To address this issue, three approaches can be used: trust establishment, trust measurement, and reputation-based trust. Future robotic systems must have the confidence to commence computing tasks on IoRT-based clouds. In such a manner, the robotic system's owner or controller may perform verification. It must be ensured that no harmful code is operating in the background of these outsourced activities. Simultaneously, secret data can be permanently kept on IoT-enabled cloud servers with reasonable data being cloned to private cloud servers. To safeguard IoRT data, stringent approaches are required to preserve integrity, trust, and confidentiality [23,40]. **Ethical issues:** Robotics has been working on resolving this critical problem. Sir [PERSON]'s three renowned laws should be followed in robotics. A robot may not harm a human person or cause injury to a human being through its actions. Except where such directives clash with the first law, a robot must obey directions given by humans. As long as this shielding does not clash with the first or second laws, a robot must defend its own existence [1,3]. **Human-robot interactions:** According to recent research, HRI is facing a variety of problems in gaze tracking, voice interactions, and biological recognition, but these problems have not yet been tested and are mostly being studied by researchers. HRI-defined human movements must be adapted by intelligent robots [3,42,92,93,94]. **Emotional robots:** Emotional robots, bring their emotional relationships to reality. Recent advances in the field of emotional computing involve intervening in the design and development of \"emotional robots\" to create an emotional attachment between humans and robots. Nevertheless, there are huge gaps that need to be corrected in the future. The artificial software agents (bots) of \"Pepper\" are paving the way for emotional interactions to become a reality [36,95,96]  
**Remote computation problems:** Remote working has provided enormous advantages in recent years, especially in the COVID pandemic, as it helps to increase productivity through the best work/life balance. Remote education is also an important advantage of using remote education robots. The educational relationship between people and robots has to be further developed. For a better means of managing industrial operations, additional improvement in such IoRT technology is required [44]. **Energy consumption by devices:** Industrial technologies are facing a problem of energy demand. In smart environments, the assessment and optimization of energy quality lack a detailed understanding of energy consumption. To address this issue, smart sensor energy utilization should be prioritized [14,47,91]. **Data processing:** Robotic things are facing enormous IoRT security threats in data exchange. The security of the IoT and the safety of robots are big issues. Large amounts of data are processed in IoRT systems, causing cybersecurity issues. To overcome this, we need an advanced network for IoRT communication to avoid insecure communication between robots and users. The security issue needs to be further investigated [17]. **Authorization to industrial IoT:** In industrial IoT, data must be shared using the same encrypted protocol with any other compatible system anywhere in the world. There should be proper authorization and privacy for industrial output and management applicationsand the internal information of the company. Authorization plays an important role in data security. Authorization is required for sensitive data, as many IoRT programs usually gather data from both labs and engaged clients. This matter should be investigated [11; 13; 46].