# Blockchain and the Tokenization of the Individual: Societal Implications
## 6 Tokenization in Waste Management, Electrical and Autonomous Vehicles
There are therefore a number of stakeholders involved in the industry, which include raw material producers, tire manufacturers, buyers and sellers, waste collectors, recyclers, logistics companies and the government, who oversees the recycling industry from a regulatory and governance perspective. In the supply chain, the raw materials constitute the basic unit out of which a tire is produced. This is the basic material from which a tire is created. The tire manufacturers could therefore tokenize the raw materials. The token would represent a digital twin that is a depiction of the raw materials in the form of a token utilised to trace the raw materials throughout the supply chain. This allows stakeholders to follow the newly-defined asset throughout the supply chain. There are a number of ways to digitalize the raw materials in a tire. The raw materials could be deemed a non-fungible asset, an asset in the form of a token, which through cryptography would help to prove verifiably the ownership and authenticity of the asset. Another option is to have the asset defined as a fungible asset; the asset can therefore not be interchanged. Therefore, if a specific batch of raw material is required to be traced throughout the supply chain, then this approach would be more feasible. In this instance, the raw materials will be assumed to be non-fungible. The raw material producers therefore generate tokens, which are then supplied to the logistics companies. The logistic companies take the raw material and the equivalent amount of tokens that are representing the amount of raw materials in weight and transport or ship them to the tire manufacturing plant. The manufacturing plant receives both tokens and raw materials and produces tires. The tire producer can therefore continue with the token that represents the weight, or the token can be converted to represent the actual number of tires produced. The raw material tokens can therefore be spent in the exchange of a tire token that will be issued by the manufacturing plant. Another option would be to create a batch token that represents the weight of raw material utilized to make a batch of tires. This batch of tires, once manufactured, is moved to a warehouse. A seller of the tires has both a batch of tires for sale and the equivalent number of tokens that represent the batch of tires. As tires are sold, a quick response code could be scanned to verify the authenticity of the tires in the supply chain. Additionally, the buyer of the tire could be provided with the token that verifies the authenticity of the tires purchased. As the tires are replaced in the future and ELTs transported to waste tire processors, there is full visibility and traceability along the entire supply chain. The tokens therefore represent the validation of the genuineness of the product itself. With multiple stakeholder involvement including multiple raw material manufacturers, tire producers, logistics companies and recycling companies, the privacy of information would be of great concern. The privacy of each stakeholder could be controlled through the private issuance of tokens utilizing ZKPs [32]. Certain information could be kept private in order to protect different stakeholders, and visibility can be granted to entities on a need-to-know basis. Ownership of blockchain assets can be transferred without revealing the confidential transaction details, while still ensuring regulatory compliance according to custom-defined business rules. In the event that a government requires oversight of the supply chain, it could be provided an auditor role utilizing viewing keys in order to gain industry insights into the network. Such insights would include knowledge of productivity, manufacturing outputs, prohibition of the resale of waste tires and output validification from recyclers to determine processing subsidies.