# Logistics Service Provider Lifecycle Model in Industry 4.0: A Review
## 3 The Systematic Literature Review for LSP Lifecycle Model
### Reporting of Results  
In this part, we describe the results of the SLR conducted to identify and analyze the resources by reviewing the full texts in the logistics service lifecycle management area. The period of papers from 2010 to 2023 is presented in Figure 1. Paper publications from 2010 to 2023 fluctuated, peaking in 2022. In 2023, 33 papers were published. The results of the papers published over ten years show the increasing trend of the study area of lifecycle management by implementing Industry 4.0 or Smart Logistics. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c} \hline \hline
**No./Appropriate** & **Logistics 4.0/Smart Logistics** \\ \hline Total & 288 \\ \hline High & 81 \\ \hline Medium & 101 \\ \hline Low & 106 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: The results of the Systematic Literature Review (SLR). Figure 1: Number of papers published in Scopus from 2010 to 2024. Table 3 presents summaries of the sources of the identified studies; the documents are widespread between journals, conference papers, and book series. Most contributing papers were found in IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology, Procedia CIRP, Sustainability, International Journal of Product Lifecycle Management, International Journal of Production Research, Journal of Cleaner Production, Business Strategy and The Environment, IEEE Access, International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, and Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems CIMS Journal. The others were published in conferences and books. Figure 2 shows the details of the document types. The countries publishing the most papers were China (44 papers), the European Union (72 papers), the United States (29 papers), and the United Kingdom (25 papers). The most common forms of literature were articles (43.0%) followed by conference papers (37.0%), conference reviews (10.0%), reviews (5.0%), book chapters (3.0%) and books (2.0%). The distribution of the 288 documents is presented in the methodological procedures, case study, review, model studies, and management model. As the data show the importance of lifecycle management, PSS and PLM will be connected, and a new concept will be created to implement LSP, 3 PL, and logistics operators linked in smart logistics. The next step presents the analysis identification of high appropriateness in 81 documents. The ideas and concepts of the logistics lifecycle adopted in Logistics 4.0 or Smart Logistics can be grouped from the identification. Logistics operations are needed to improve efficiency and cost, connecting the whole lifecycle of logistics products and services. Lifecycle cost control is adapted in manufacturing and supply chains to serve this. Service Level Agreement (SLA), product service systems, and product lifecycle management are the main points for improvement in the industry. Primarily in the manufacturing sector, a multitude of companies have implemented smart technologies to improve logistics operations, which  
Figure 2: The details of the identified literature by country/territory and subject areas. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**Source** & **Documents** & **Type of Document** \\ \hline IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology & 16 & Book Series \\ Procedia CIRP & 14 & Conferences \\ Sustainability & 12 & Journals \\ International Journal of Product Lifecycle Management & 7 & Journals \\ International Journal of Production Research & 6 & Journals \\ Journal Of Cleaner Production & 6 & Journals \\ Business Strategy and The Environment & 4 & Journals \\ IEEE Access & 4 & Journals \\ International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology & 4 & Journals \\ Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems CIMS & 4 & Journals \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Main sources of the identified literature. include digital twins, machine learning, deep learning, cloud computing, and blockchain technology. Efficient logistics operations are crucial for improving quality and flexibility and reducing cost and time.