# A Brief Review on Challenges in Design and Development of Nanorobots for Medical Applications
## 5 Conclusions  
Nanorobots have the potential to play an important role in the elimination or cure of common diseases, along with improvements in physical and mental capabilities. However, the dynamic properties of nanorobots are still under investigation and experimentation; this is mostly due to the requirement of nanorobots to interact with the environment at a cellular level, which remains a significant challenge. To effectively incorporate the movement and navigation of nanorobots at the nanoscale, small-sized motors and other propulsion mechanisms are required to fit into these tiny machines. Moreover, different types of sensors in the nanoscale should be developed. While this may seem impossible to achieve, various research groups are working on utilizing this biomimetic approach. It might be concluded that, although it may seem illusory, continuous research that is carried out by teams from different backgrounds can make this possible in the near future. The domain of nanorobotics in medicine can be made attainable by overcoming nanomanufacturing limitations. Consequently, the various applications discussed in this review may be realized in the future, thereby making nanorobotics a unique tool in medicine. This review was an attempt to explore various challenges associated with the design and development of nanorobots and their applications, in the hope of making them a viable solution for many diseases in the near future. As the technology of nanorobots has been developing very rapidly in recent years, the authors are optimistic that many new developments will appear soon in the literature and market. Researchers and manufacturers have accomplished tremendous advancements in making mechanisms and machines in nanoscale. There are robots developed recently at the size of smaller than the thickness of a human hair. These robots can rotate and move backward and forward with the application of a magnetic field. Once the robot is navigated to a precise target location, it could deliver medicine, destroy cancerous tumors, or remove plaque. There is an effort on designing and developing a nanorobot to be injected into the eye and stay there for months delivering a therapeutic to slow down or eliminate the blood vessel growth that causes a disease. In the near future, humans can imagine their bodies full of tiny robots with different diagnoses and therapeutic functions to keep their bodies healthy from the inside.  
Conceptualization, G.G., Y.M. and K.Z.; investigation, G.G. and K.Z.; resources, K.Z.; writing--original draft preparation, G.G. and K.Z.; writing--review and editing, G.G., Y.M. and K.Z.; visualization, G.G. and Y.M.; supervision, K.Z.; project administration, K.Z.; funding acquisition, K.Z. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
This research was funded by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) under Discovery Grant No. 2019-05562 and Ryerson Dean of Engineering and Architectural Science Research Fund (DRF).  
Not applicable.  
The authors declare no conflict of interest.