## 5 Key Enabling Technologies of Healthcare 4.0
### 5G Communications  
The 5G communications can play critical roles in Healthcare 4.0 systems by providing an ultra-reliable low-latency communication medium [84]. It can greatly assist Healthcare 4.0 by enabling advanced connectivity and technology integration within the healthcare industry. This efficiently sets up many applications, including telesurgery operations and remote critical diagnosis. The 5G communications can empower Healthcare 4.0 in several ways that are summarized in Table 8[84; 85]. To better introduce the benefits of 5G communications to Healthcare 4.0, we consider the following use case [85; 86; 87]:  
* Telemedicine services: 5G can revolutionize telemedicine by enabling high-quality video conferencing and real-time collaboration between healthcare professionals. The low latency and stable connections can offer a more immersive and interactive virtual healthcare experience, leading to better diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up care. * Remote surgeries and robotic-assisted operations: 5G's ultra-reliable and low-latency communications can enable remote surgeries and robotic-assisted procedures. Surgeons can perform complex operations from a remote location using high-resolution video feeds and haptic feedback. This can bridge the gap between medical expertise and underserved areas, where access to specialized healthcare is limited. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{p{113.8 pt} p{284.5 pt}} \hline \hline
**Benefit** & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Role in Healthcare 4.0**} \\ \hline Faster (ultra-low latency) communications & With its high data transfer speeds and low latency, 5G can enhance real-time communications between healthcare professionals, allowing for faster transmission of critical patient data, remote consultations, and telemedicine services. \\ \hline Ultra-high reliability & Ultra-high reliability is one of the key characteristics of 5G communications. Relying on 5G’s ultra-reliable connections ensures seamless communication between healthcare professionals and support staff. This provides a robust foundation for Healthcare 4.0, enabling transformative advancements in remote care, real-time monitoring, telemedicine, and precision medicine. \\ \hline Ultra-high availability & The ultra-high availability of 5G communications allows Healthcare 4.0 systems to consistently deliver services with very minimal downtime or disruptions. It emphasizes the network’s ability to remain operational and accessible to users and applications for an extended period. This is an important issue with medical services due to the emergency of most medical services. \\ \hline High scalability & Scalability is a critical issue with Healthcare 4.0 due to the evolution and growth of medical devices and technologies. 5G communications can significantly increase the scalability of Healthcare 4.0 by enabling seamless integration and expansion of advanced technologies and healthcare services. \\ \hline Integration with the Internet infrastructure & 5G communications can assist in integrating medical sensors into the Internet and supporting remote services via a 5G cellular interface. Many remote Healthcare 4.0 applications have problems with the appropriate communication interface between devices and the Internet. These problems can be solved using 5G communications. \\ \hline Extended coverage & By utilizing 5G technology, healthcare providers can extend their reach to remote and underserved areas. \\ \hline Data security and privacy & The implementation of 5G prioritizes robust security measures to protect patient privacy and prevent data breaches. \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 8: Benefits of 5G communications in Healthcare 4.0. Precision medicine services: 5G empowers precision medicine initiatives by enabling fast and reliable transmission of large genomic datasets, facilitating quicker analysis and personalized treatment plans. It supports real-time collaboration among researchers and clinicians for faster advancements in precision medicine.