## 3 Results
### Abundance and Diversity of Microorganisms in Red Wines
Bacteria that were typical of WJ wine included _Enterobacter_ sp., _Tatumella_ sp., _Pantoea_ sp., _E. coli_, _C. herbarum_, and _L. kunkeei_ (_A. kunkeei_). In turn, DB wine was unique in containing the following bacteria: _Erwiniaceae_, _Polaromonas_ sp., _Conella_ sp., _Sphingomonas_ sp., _T. punctata_, _P. rhizosphaere_, _G. frateurii_, and _L. pentosus_. Among the yeasts, the following species were peculiar to the particular wines: DB--_B. albus_, _M. pulcherima_, _P. kluyveri_, and _T. pretoriensis_; MD--_S. paradoxus_, _S. carioanus_, and _Starmerella_ sp. ; and WJ--_T. delbrueckii_ and _K. servazzi_. The pattern of points lying between the wine vectors in the biplots also provided information on the species that were characteristic of two or three of the wines studied, e.g., _Curobacterium_ sp., _Pseudomonas_ sp., _B. subtilis_, _P. gingerii_, and _T. ptyeses_ occurred mostly in DB and WJ wines, while _L. plantarum_ and the yeasts _S. copromsme_, _F. wieringae_, _F. setpposum_, _M. chrysoperlae_, and _M. sinensis_ were found mainly in MD and DB. Figure 1: Bar plots showing relative abundance of bacterial (**A**) and yeast (**B**) species in wine samples. Abbreviations (**A**): Ft—_Fructobacillus tropaeoli_, G—_Gluconobacter crimus_, Ks—_Komagateibacter saccharivorans_, Lk—_Lactobacillus kunkeei_ (_Apliactobacillus kunkeei_), Lpl—_Lactobacillus plantarum_ (_Lactipalphthalallus plantarum_), Ll—_Lactococcus lactis_, Lep—_Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides_, Tp—_Tatumella ptyeses_, Ub—uncultured bacteria, U—unidentified, O—other bacteria, (**B**) Hau—_Hansenipora uvarum_, Sca—_Saccharomyces cariocanus_, See—_Saccharomyces cerevisiae_, O—other than 3%, U—unidentified. Bar plots were performed using ggplot2 software ([[https://ggplot2.idyverse.org](https://ggplot2.idyverse.org)]([https://ggplot2.idyverse.org](https://ggplot2.idyverse.org)), accessed on 20 October 2021). Figure 2: tb-PCA biplots of bacterial (**A**) and yeast (**B**) communities typical for DB, MD, and WJ wines. Abbreviations (**A**) F-_Cructobacillus_ sp., Ft-_Cructobacillus_ tproaveli_, Ac-_Acetobacter cerevisiae_, Go-_Gluconobacter__exydans_, Lec-_Leuconostoc__circum_, Lem-_Leuconostoc__mesenteroides_, Lep-_Leuconostoc__pseudomesenteroides_, La-_Lactococcus_ sp., Lal-_Lactobacillus_, L-_Lactobacillus_ sp., Lb-_Lactobacillus__brevis__(__Levilactobacillus__brevis__)_, Lpl-_Lactobacillus__plantarum__(__Lactiplinutobacillus__plantarum__)_, K-_Komagatehaicherer_ sp. Ks-_Komagatehaicherer__s saccharivanons_, Kh-_Komagatehaicherer__h__nusenti_, Le-_Leuconostoc_ sp., G-_Gluconobacter_ sp., Ma-_Massilia_ sp., Lk-_Lactobacillus__kunkeei_ (_Apilactobacillus__kunkeei_), Ec-_Escherichia coli_, En-_Enterobacter_ sp., Ch-_Crutobacterium__herarum_, O-other bacteria, T-_Tatumella_ sp., Ge-_Gluconobacter__cerinus_, Pa-_Pantoea_ sp., C-_Crutobacterium_ sp., P-_Pseudomonas_ sp., Bs-_Bacillus subtilis_, Pg-_Pseudomonas__gingeri_, Tp-_Tatumella__pyso_, R-_Ralstonia_ sp., Me-_Methylobacterium_ sp., S-_Sphingomonas_ sp., Gf-_Gluconobacter__fatterii_, Pr-_Pseudomonas__hizospherea_, Po-_Polaromonas_ sp., Lp-_Lactobacillus__pettosus__(__Lactiplinutobacillus__pettosus__)_, Co-_Colntella_ sp., Tpu-_Tatumella__punctata__, E-_Erwiniaceae_,  
(**B**) Bua-_Bullemomyces albus_, Mtp-_Metschnikowia pulcherrima_, Pik-_Pichia kluyveri_, Top-_Toruslospora pretoriensisis_, Cuc-_Curvibisalium cyneicollum_, Viv-_Vishniacozyma victoriae_, Fim-_Fibolasidium magnum_, Meg-_Meyerozyma guillermodii_, Cs-_Candidida sp._, Fis-_Filobasidium steposum_, Syc-_Symmetrospora co-prosmae_, Fiw-_Filobasidium vieritage_, Mtc-_Metschnikowia chrysoperlac_, Mts-_Metschnikowia sinensis_, Sun-_Saccharomyces_vectales_ unident._, Spa-_Saccharomyces_vectas_, Ss-_S_starmerella sp._, Sca-_Saccharomyces car-_iocanus_, OF-other fungi, Laq-_Lachancaea quebecensis_, Hau-_Hansenispora uvarum_, See-_Saccharomyces cerevisiae_, Tod-_Toruslospora delbrueckii_, Kas-_Kazachstania serwazzii_. Biplots were performed using R software (The R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria).