# The IoT/IoE Integrated Security & Safety System of Pompeii Archeological Park
## 2 Pompeii Archeological Park  
Pompeii [1; 2; 3; 4] is internationally recognized for its tragic and catastrophic past, as in the year 79 A.D., a violent and devastating eruption of Mount Vesuvius completely buried the city along with its entire population under layers of volcanic ash and pumice. Thisnatural disaster abruptly ended the lives of thousands of people and, at the same time, preserved an extraordinary and unique testimony of Roman civilization frozen in time. Centuries passed before the buried city saw the light again, and it was only in the year 1748 A.D., under the directive of the [PERSON] monarchs, that official explorations began, leading to the initial excavations. This marked the beginning of a fascinating and ongoing journey into the past, gradually unveiling the wonders of Pompeii to the world. Pictures of Pompeii Archeological Park are shown in Figures 1-4. From the first stages of excavation, the site's fame spread across the globe, captivating scholars, artists, and curious travelers alike. The archeological remains of Pompeii offer an unparalleled window into the daily life, customs, and artistic achievements of the ancient Romans. However, despite the immense historical and artistic value of the city, over the centuries, several valuable artifacts have been looted, removed, or subjected to the wear of time. Nevertheless, Pompeii continues to astonish and inspire modern audiences with its remarkable ruins and the gripping story of its tragic demise. Today, the Pompeii Archeological Park attracts millions of visitors every year and stands as one of the most visited cultural sites in Italy. The uniqueness and sheer size of the archeological site contribute to its extraordinary status, a fact officially recognized by UNESCO in 1997 when Pompeii was included in the World Heritage List. The ruins of the city encompass an extensive variety of structures, including private homes, public buildings, religious temples, intricate mosaics, vibrant frescoes, and a network of well-preserved streets. The overwhelming sense of history and artistry that permeates Pompeii, however, comes with significant challenges. The preservation and management of such an immense site remain an ongoing struggle, as the ruins are constantly exposed to the elements and the inevitable impact of tourism. Natural factors such as material degradation, corrosion caused by atmospheric agents, and the gradual erosion produced by rainfall pose persistent threats to the site's integrity. Moreover, the high number of visitors walking through the ancient streets and structures increases the risk of wear and tear, making continuous conservation efforts indispensable. If not properly addressed through diligent management and advanced protective measures, these factors could cause significant and irreversible damage to the archeological remains. The Pompeii Archeological Park extends across approximately 66 ha, with 33 ha open to public visitation. The accessibility of different areas fluctuates depending on the ongoing conservation and restoration activities as well as the flow of tourists. The uncovered area of approximately 44 ha is systematically divided into nine regions and contains an extensive and complex array of structures. Among the site's components are about 3.2 km of defensive walls, 80 insulae (city blocks), around 1500 domus (private residences), 1200 square meters of floors, 242,000 square meters of masonry surfaces, 20,000 square meters of plasters, 17,777 square meters of decorated surfaces, and 20,000 square meters of roofing structures. The Pompeii Archeological Park, in addition to its main site, encompasses a collection of smaller archeological locations, commonly referred to as peripheral sites. These sites, while being of lesser extent compared to the central ruins, hold significant historical and cultural value. They are scattered across various locations, sometimes several kilometers  
Figure 4: (**a**) Gymnasium. (**b**) Interior of a Villa.