## 3 Results and Discussion
### Identification of Key Volatile and Non-Volatile Compounds in Raw Meat during Refrigeration
#### 3.3.2 Changes in Key Non-Volatile Compounds
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Content**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Favor Trait**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Chilling Rate**} & \multicolumn{5}{c}{**Storage Time**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**\(p\)-Value**} \\ \cline{4-10} \multicolumn{2}{c}{**(mg/100 g)**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Favor Trait**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Chilling Rate**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**1 h**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**24 h**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**72 h**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**120 h**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Storage Time**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Chilling Rate**} \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{**ADP**} & \multirow{3}{*}{UN} & 1.44 \({}^{\circ}\)C/h & 647.2 \(\pm\) 6.13 \({}^{\circ}\) & 103.76 \(\pm\) 7.11 \({}^{\circ}\) & 113.22 \(\pm\) 6.96 \({}^{\circ}\) & 140.56 \(\pm\) 0.89 \({}^{\circ}\) & \multirow{3}{*}{0.000} & \multirow{3}{*}{0.000} & \multirow{3}{*}{0.000} \\  & & 222 \({}^{\circ}\)C/h & 100.13 \(\pm\) 2.11 \({}^{\circ}\) & 71.98 \(\pm\) 0.03 \({}^{\circ}\) & 85.12 \(\pm\) 0.08 \({}^{\circ}\) & 146.69 \(\pm\) 14.59 \({}^{\circ}\) & \multirow{3}{*}{0.000} & \multirow{3}{*}{0.048} & \multirow{3}{*}{0.002} \\  & & 324 \({}^{\circ}\)C/h & 106.76 \(\pm\) 2.69 \({}^{\circ}\) & 76.95 \(\pm\) 8.73 \({}^{\circ}\) & 102.29 \(\pm\) 1.11 \({}^{\circ}\) & 140.09 \(\pm\) 11.13 \({}^{\circ}\) & & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{**AMP**} & \multirow{3}{*}{Ummi} & 1.44 \({}^{\circ}\)C/h & 27.19 \(\pm\) 0.9 \({}^{\circ}\) & 37.48 \(\pm\) 3.98 \({}^{\circ}\) & 36.17 \(\pm\) 1.12 \({}^{\circ}\) & 29.41 \(\pm\) 1.69 \({}^{\circ}\) & \multirow{3}{*}{0.000} & \multirow{3}{*}{0.000} \\  & & 222 \({}^{\circ}\)C/h & 16.76 \(\pm\) 0.41 \({}^{\circ}\) & 34.42 \(\pm\) 0.28 \({}^{\circ}\) & 40.97 \(\pm\) 0.97 \({}^{\circ}\) & 24.2 \(\pm\) 0.24 \({}^{\circ}\) & \multirow{3}{*}{0.000} & \multirow{3}{*}{0.000} & \multirow{3}{*}{0.000} \\  & & 32.4 \({}^{\circ}\)C/h & 23.59 \(\pm\) 4.98 \({}^{\circ}\) & 37.94 \(\pm\) 29.58 \({}^{\circ}\) & 47.97 \(\pm\) 5.87 \({}^{\circ}\) & 31.36 \(\pm\) 0.21 \({}^{\circ}\) & & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{**GMP**} & \multirow{3}{*}{Ummi/Sweet} & 1.44 \({}^{\circ}\)C/h & 2430.04 \(\pm\) 194.1 \({}^{\circ}\) & 2197.66 \(\pm\) 249.65 \({}^{\circ}\) & 2056.68 \(\pm\) 61.18 \({}^{\circ}\) & 1797.17 \(\pm\) 8.92 \({}^{\circ}\) & \multirow{3}{*}{0.000} & \multirow{3}{*}{0.000} \\  & & 22 \({}^{\circ}\)C/h & 2660.13 \(\pm\) 22.5 \({}^{\circ}\) & 255.05 \(\pm\) 29.3 \({}^{\circ}\) & 2324.24 \(\pm\) 22.75 \({}^{\circ}\) & 2038.08 \(\pm\) 2.279 \({}^{\circ}\) & \multirow{3}{*}{0.000} & \multirow{3}{*}{0.000} \\  & & 324 \({}^{\circ}\)C/h & 2526.15 \(\pm\) 83.28 \({}^{\circ}\) & 2423.85 \(\pm\) 18.51 \({}^{\circ}\) & 2425.06 \(\pm\) 30.54 \({}^{\circ}\) & 2000.00 \(\pm\) 33.48 \({}^{\circ}\) & & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{**IMP**} & \multirow{3}{*}{Ummi} & 1.44 \({}^{\circ}\)C/h & 7229.95 \(\pm\) 54.07 \({}^{\circ}\) & 296 \(\pm\) 34.46 \({}^{\circ}\) & 2959.39 \(\pm\) 2.99 \({}^{\circ}\) & 153.41 \(\pm\) 26.25 \({}^{\circ}\) & \multirow{3}{*}{0.000} & \multirow{3}{*}{0.000} \\  & & 22 \({}^{\circ}\)C/h & 4945.56 \(\pm\) 14.17 \({}^{\circ}\) & 366.11 \(\pm\) 15.58 \({}^{\circ}\) & 288.36 \(\pm\) 13.61 \({}^{\circ}\) & 299.94 \(\pm\) 5.81 \({}^{\circ}\) & \multirow{3}{*}{0.000} & \multirow{3}{*}{0.000} \\  & & 324 \({}^{\circ}\)C/h & 483.62 \(\pm\) 27.43 \({}^{\circ}\) & 309.9 \(\pm\) 2.15 \({}^{\circ}\) & 2847.42 \(\pm\) 28.52 \({}^{\circ}\) & 256.37 \(\pm\) 19.75 \({}^{\circ}\) & & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{**Hx**} & \multirow{3}{*}{Bitter} & 1.44 \({}^{\circ}\)C/h & 23.61 \(\pm\) 1.05 \({}^{\circ}\) & 25.87 \(\pm\) 5.42 \({}^{\circ}\) & 23.398 \(\pm\) 2.34 \({}^{\circ}\) & 249.41 \(\pm\) 0.21 \({}^{\circ}\) & \multirow{3}{*}{0.000} & \multirow{3}{*}{0.000} & \multirow{3}{*}{0.054} \\  & & 22 \({}^{\circ}\)C/h & 22.21 \(\pm\) 6.07 \({}^{\circ}\) & 31.95 \(\pm\) 1.3 \({}^{\circ}\) & 33.05 \(\pm\) 0.75 \({}^{\circ}\) & 23.39 \(\pm\) 0.22 \({}^{\circ}\) & \multirow{3}{*}{0.000} & \multirow{3}{*}{0.000} & \multirow{3}{*}{0.054} \\  & & 324 \({}^{\circ}\)C/h & 25.97 \(\pm\) 1.34 \({}^{\circ}\) & 28.26 \(\pm\) 2.06 \({}^{\circ}\) & 27.2 \(\pm\) 287 \({}^{\circ}\) & 28.65 \(\pm\) 7.99 \({}^{\circ}\) & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}  
* \({}^{\rm h,c}\) Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between chilling rates (\(p<0.05\)), \({}^{\rm h,c}\)C, Different capital letters indicate significant differences between refrigeration times (\(p<0.05\)), ND. not detected.  
\end{table}