## 4 Dynamic Assessment of Movement Performance
### Wearable Pressure Sensors
[92] produced a pair of insoles that may measure foot pressure, wireless connected to a smartphone or laptop, and controllable with a graphical user interface. This interface can show historical data obtained through measurements performed at separate times. Each insole was composed of sixteen piezoresistive self-sensors. One subject performed various movements wearing the insoles, such as standing, sitting, walking, ascending, descending, running, and jumping. Data collected in this study are consistent with other research performed through similar technologies. Ref. [93] attempted to generate a self-powered insole to check the gait signals. Self-powered nanogenerators were applied for insoles working, and the devices were composed of hybrid multifilament materials. Two subjects were asked to walk on a treadmill at different self-determined velocities, simulating a limb walk. The highest value of nanogenerators' voltage outputs measured during walking was 41 V. It has also been possible to recognize differences in different speeds and limb walking performed during the experiment through the multiscale entropy analysis of stride intervals. Some other authors [94] proposed a smart insole to monitor other body postures, using four wireless Flexi force sensors and a flex sensor embedded within the insole, made of Polyvinyl Chloride. Results from this study, where four different body positions (tree, leaning forward, squat, and forward fold postures) were performed by a subject, showed that the feet pressure measured through the insoles changed during each body posture modification, growing on the first, fifth, and third metatarals. In contrast, the leaning forward, squat, and forward fold postures were performed. Outcomes from this study suggest a potential application of these sensors in clinical areas. The research on insole sensors is progressively growing, including uses in different subjects and clinical diseases. Many authors focused their research on people affected by diabetes foot, a complication of diabetes mellitus, which consists of developing ulcers on the distal segment of lower limbs, often leading to hospitalization of these patients [95]. For instance, in [96], a wireless low-cost piezoresistive device made of conductive rubber and carbon-based conductive fillers, composed of eight sensor units (including three units positioned on the forefoot, since it is the most common part of the foot in which ulcers grow) has been developed. Results based on a random forest classifier showed that these insoles could be potentially helpful in monitoring the data on foot pressure for preventing foot ulcers in diabetic patients by sending alerts to the mobile app interface. In [97], the authors proposed the design of an insole that can report foot pressure and temperature measurements and tried to investigate its feasibility. The authors reported positive findings, suggesting an application of this device in diabetic foot patients since data on foot pressure and temperature during the gait cycle can be collected and monitored, allowing the physician to detect early complications of foot modifications in diabetic patients. Furthermore, [PERSON]'s disease is a condition of interest for studies on smart insoles because of shuffling and foot slight pitch angles that are common among this class of patients. Related to this research field, ref. [98] shows the validation of gait values recorded through a commercial smart insole (FeetMe(r) insole, Paris, France). Recently, ref. [99] developed the Smart-Insole Dataset, a dataset in which healthy subjects, [PERSON]'s disease subjects, and elderly subjects' insoles data have been collected. The insole utilized for this research was the Motion SCIENCE insole, which has sixteen pressure sensor units and six-axis IMU sensors to record angular rate and acceleration data. The study asked subjects to perform different walking tests, such as the Walk Straight and Turn Test and a modified Timed Up and Go Test [99].