# Comparative Analysis of Producer Mobility Management Approaches in Named Data Networking
## 2 Related Work
### Data Plane-Based Approaches  
The common idea of the proposals following this approach is to re-establish the path leading to the producer's new location using the data plane through the use of special packets. This requires updating the FIBs of the involved routers in the data plane only. The advantage of this approach is that it is compliant with NDN, but it generally results in stretched paths to the producer. In [32], the authors proposed a producer MM solution that follows this approach. The approach manages the micro mobility of producers for latency-sensitive applications. A producer announces its mobility by sending a special interest packet message to its previous point of attachment (PoA). The network forwards this packet according to the information stored in the FIBs. All routers in the path update their FIBs to include the new location of the mobile producer. In addition, a similar approach was followed in the work proposed in [37]. Here, a mobile producers sends an announcement to the previously contacted NDN access router whenever it changes the point of attachment. The link is recovered by treating the exchange of the interest and data pair as a transaction unit and exploiting new face states. The work in [35] also followed the data plane-based approach and proposed publisher mobility support in CCNs (PMC), in which FIB entries are differentiated to distinguish ordinary FIB entries (which are used for stationary producers) from the mobile entries (which are used for mobile producers). Mobile entries are maintained by the PMC protocol, and a namespace is introduced to report producers' mobility. In [38], the authors targeted the problem of producer mobility for multimedia applications. They differentiated two application domains. The first is stored media, which can benefit from caching, while the other is real-time media, which does not benefit from caching. For both solutions, they work in the data plane to reduce handoff delay. In [34], the authors propose an MM approach to handle producer and consumer mobility. During producer mobility, a control packet is sent along the reverse direction of the interest packet's transmission path. A control packet uses the face specified in the PIT to propagate and changes the faces in the FIB. Among consumer mobility, a control packet is sent along the reverse direction of the data packet's transmission path. A control packet uses the face specified in the FIB to propagate and changes the faces in the PIT. A group of efforts under the data plane-based approaches applies location prediction to handle producer mobility in the data plane. The performance of such approaches relies heavily on the accuracy of the prediction model to anticipate the future location of the producer. In [33], the PoA acts as an interest buffer for the mobile producer by using a locator field in routers. When a producer predicts that it will change its location, it sends a special interest to its PoA to inform it to reserve all incoming interest packets intended for the mobile producer. When the mobile producer reaches a new PoA, it will send another interest packet to the previous PoA containing the locator of its new PoA. Subsequently, the previous PoA will forward interest packets to the new PoA. The work in [36] also applies a location prediction mechanism, where the producer is responsible for predicting its new PoA based on its speed and direction. When the old PoA receives the mobility notification associated with the new predicted PoA, it is responsible for establishing a path between the old PoA and new PoA in order to redirect consumer interests. Additionally, in [39], the authors aimed to solve the producer mobility problem in a remote health monitoring service which requires real-time monitoring of patients. The proposed scheme suggests registering the mobile producer not only into the nearest access point but also multiple neighbors, based on a prediction-based neighborhood registration scheme.