# OPMSS: Optimal Producer Mobility Support Solution for Named Data Networking
## 2 Related Works
### Producer Mobility Support Approach  
NDN was introduced as promising Internet architecture to replace IP Internet, particularly from the perspective of mobility support. Many researchers adopted the mobile IP concept called the indirection-based mobility approach (IBMA) to solve the mobility problem in ICN, particularly NDN. The indirection-based concept is explored more, as it is inherited from the IP mobility solution concept. In addition, the concept does not attract additional network infrastructure, which is one of the benefits of NDN architecture. Our study tackles the problems related to the IB approach's path stretching or data packet delivery optimization problem. Moreover, many areas that are booming, such as Internet-of-Things (IoT), vehicular Internet-of-Things (VIoT) and vehicular named data networking (VNDN), are employing NDN architecture for a proper solution related to mobility and data dissemination. Due to the relevance and important features of NDN for mobility support of the field Internet-of-Things [34], vehicular Internet-of-Things (VIoT) [35] and Internet-of-Things Cloud (IoT) [15], it employs the NDN architecture for the solution of data retrieval and node mobility. [PERSON] [15] proved that deploying NDN in IoT is quite challenging, due to the different architectures and working mechanisms and the effective mobility support strategies in NDN being lacking. The author [15] proposed an efficient framework for NDN-based IoT, aiming to provide effective and improve data retrieval success, by employing a unicast method to obtain data from the nearest node and support node as a consumer or producer on mobile. However, the proposed framework is not solely for NDN mobile producers that have clear differences with the consumer. This means that the name prefix announcement is not considered as a unique feature of the producer. Moreover, the solution did not evaluate the handoff latency and signaling performance. Vehicular named data networking (VNDN) is a new paradigm proposed to facilitate communication between vehicles [36]. NDN proved to be a promising future Internet under the ICN paradigm which supports any vehicular networking [36; 37]. [PERSON] in [37] stressed some challenges, such as node mobility related to packet forwarding, which still need to be addressed. The broadcast strategy is used for the proposal of request/advertise-based content forwarding approach to solve the issue of node mobility and forwarding performance [37]. The content consumer broadcasts a message named request and content provider advertise contents in the same way as the consumer, by using an advertisement message. The solution gives the provider or consumer the opportunity to find desired data packets with minimal delay and overhead. In addition, the proposed solution can help a mobile producer to change location and use an advertisement message to announce its current position [37]. However, the solution may cause a very high signaling overhead when the number of mobile producers increases; this is due to the usage of request and advertisement messages in line with data and interest packets. Recently, a number of producer mobility schemes were proposed as in [34]. The solution is an NDN producer mobility scheme that requires no use of anchor; there is no need to announce the producer's movement to the nodes over NDN architecture and the scheme does not modify the current NDN router. It exchanges a pair of data and interest packets during a normal transaction. The proposed scheme support producer mobility introduces a dual connectivity to both hide the link breakage to the NDN, and a new NDN link service is created separately which is called the producer mobility link service (PMLS), which is used to repair the old link so that the connectivity with the previous NAR can be maintained and force the router to buffer the interests arriving during the movement transition period, forwarding them to the producer after the completion of the handoff [34].