## 1 Introduction  
The educational domain is continually evolving, seeking new methodologies and technologies to create more engaging and effective learning environments. In recent years, one of the most notable developments in education has been the integration of extended reality (XR) technologies. XR, which includes virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and mixed reality (MR), offers a groundbreaking approach that seamlessly merges physical and digital environments, providing immersive and interactive experiences that surpass the capabilities of traditional methods. These shifts are part of a broader transformation across sectors as we transition from the fourth to the emerging fifth industrial revolution, which promises to further integrate digital technologies into human environments [1]. As emerging trends in e-learning and m-learning continue to gain momentum, particularly through bring-your-own-device (BYOD) strategies and the integration of robust cybersecurity policies, the role of XR technologies in reshaping education becomes increasingly pronounced [2]. Inclusive education is essential to ensure equitable learning opportunities for all students, yet traditional methods often fail to address the complex needs of learners with disabilities. Advances in XR technologies and AI offer an opportunity to mitigate this difference by creating personalized, accessible, and interactive learning environments. This educational approach seeks to address the diverse needs of learners, including those with disabilities, different cultural backgrounds, and varying learning styles. The goal is to provide equitable access to quality education, ensuring that every student can participate fully in the learning process while promoting social integration, reducing discrimination, and increasing the sense of belonging and respect among students. The intersection of XR technologies and inclusive education holds significant promise. XR can offer personalized and adaptable learning experiences, making education more accessible and engaging for all students, regardless of their individual challenges. For example, VR can simulate real-world scenarios for students with mobility issues, AR can provide real-time translations for non-native speakers, and MR can offer interactive, hands-on experiences for students with different learning preferences. These capabilities enable educators to build inclusive classrooms that embrace the challenges and strengths of their students. Recent educational reforms have emphasized inclusive practices, prioritizing equitable access and participation for learners with special needs. Foundational studies, such as those by [PERSON] et al. (2006), highlight the importance of adaptive teaching strategies and assistive technologies in addressing diverse learner needs [3]. These principles have been further advanced by research advocating the integration of inclusive practices with emerging educational technologies [4]. Through the application of XR technologies, these principles can be actualized, improving educational access and engagement [3,5]. Extended reality (XR) technologies, including virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and mixed reality (MR), offer transformative potential for inclusive education by delivering immersive, adaptive, and personalized learning experiences. These technologies address sensory, cognitive, and mobility challenges, allowing learners to engage interactively in meaningful, controlled settings. XR's ability to create multisensory environments and provide personalized simulations for learners with disabilities enhances skill development and cognitive engagement in a low-risk, engaging manner [6,7]. While XR technologies are getting more attention, other approaches, such as e-learning platforms, gamified tools, and assistive technologies, have also contributed to advancing inclusive education.