## 1 Introduction
Third, there are the tests carried out on a shake table, which introduce a true dynamic excitation in the base of the structure. This is the most realistic technique for the seismic testing of structures, since the displacements (and therefore, the accelerations) are applied at the base and the structure is subjected to the inertial forces. However, it is a very complex test because of all the equipment required. In addition, its interpretation is also difficult, since a large number of structural mechanisms are involved in the seismic response. Therefore, this type of tests is usually carried out at the end of a much more extensive testing campaign [26; 27; 28; 29; 30; 31; 32; 33]. This paper shows the design and the laboratory validation tests for a new low-cost energy dissipation system that can be applied in precast concrete structures composed of precast footings, precast structural walls and precast concrete slabs. This energy dissipation system basically consists of a specific connection between the precast footing and the precast structural wall, formed by a set of threaded steel bars that connect both elements. During an earthquake, the steel bars undergo plastic deformation, absorbing most of the energy generated by the earthquake and preventing damage to the rest of the building. The additional advantage of this solution is that steel bars are easily replaced after the seismic event. For the purpose of this paper, a testing campaign was carried out, based on three phases. First, pushover tests were carried out on isolated structural walls formed by a precast structural wall and a precast footing. The aim of this first phase is to define the ductility of the dissipation system, in accordance with the requirements of the American standard ACI 374.2R-13 [34]. Secondly, pushover tests were carried out on structural frames, composed of two precast structural walls placed over two precast footings and connected with a precast slab. The aim of this second phase is to evaluate the ductility of the system, including the dissipation capacity of both the connection footing wall and the connection wall slab, in accordance with the aforementioned regulation. Thirdly, seismic tests using a shake table were carried out on a real-scale three-storey precast concrete building, consisting of two precast structural walls placed over two precast footings, two intermediate precast slabs, and a lightweight roof. In this case, the aim of this third phase is to characterize the dynamic response of the entire structure to a reference earthquake and the energy dissipation capacity of the building. A customized unidirectional shake table was designed and manufactured specifically for the third test phase. This testing facility was capable of applying a horizontal acceleration up to 1-g to the structural elements with a height up to 6 m, a weight up to 40 tons, and a frequency up to 8 Hz. All the precast concrete elements, as well as the low-cost energy dissipation system were invented, developed, and designed by the Spanish company ICONKRETE 2012, S.L., and therefore this company is the owner of this structural solution and the testing results. The precast elements were manufactured by the company ZENET in its factory in Escalonilla (Toledo, Spain). The test was carried out in the Laboratory of Large Structures of the University of Burgos (Burgos, Spain). The structure of this paper is as follows: In Section 2, the experimental program is presented; in Section 3, the results of the tests are described and discussed; and finally, in Section 4, the conclusions are shown.