## 3 Results
_Pediococcus acidilactici_ was able to inhibit the growth of the majority of the test organisms. Additionally, when monitoring the antimicrobial impact of _Pediococcus acidilactici_ on pathogen growth, viable cells of _Pseudomonas aeruginosa_, _Staphylococcus aureus_, _Listeria monocytogenes_, and _Bacillus cereus_ were not recorded during the period of study, confirming the efficacy of the antimicrobial substances and bacteriocins produced by NMCC-11. The absence of transferable resistance to therapeutic antibiotics is important for a probiotic strain. Therefore, the sensitivity of the majority of strains enables probiotics for their safe use in a variety of human and animal products [21; 22]. For this purpose, the hemolytic function and antibiotic resistance of NMCC-11 have been determined (Table 4). \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Strain** & & & **Test Pathogen** & \\ \hline _Pediococcus acidilactici_ & _Escherichia coli_ & _Pseudomonas aeruginosa_ & _Staphylococcus aureus_ & _Listeria monocytogenes_ & _Bacillus cereus_ \\ (NMCC-11) & – & ++ & ++ & ++ & ++ \\ \hline \end{tabular} (\(-\)) indicates no antimicrobial activity, (++) indicates strong antimicrobial activity.  
\end{table} 
Table 3: Antibacterial behavior of bacterial strain against five pathogens as candidates for cattle probiotics. Figure 3: Schematic representation of the NMCC-11 viability (mean log CFU/mL \(\pm\) SD) at **(A)** the beginning of the experiment, **(B)** after 2 hours and **(C)** after 4 hours and at different pH values; **_p_ \(<\) 0.01, ***_p_ \(<\) 0.0001. _Pedicoccus acidilacti_ NMCC-11 was shown to be susceptible to Ampicillin (5 \(\upmu\)g), Penicillin (10 \(\upmu\)g), Erythromycin (15 \(\upmu\)g), Tetracycline (30 ug), and Oxytetracycline (10 \(\upmu\)g) antibiotics, but resistant to Lincomycin (10 \(\upmu\)g) with intermediate sensitivity to Cloxacillin (10 \(\upmu\)g) and Streptomycin (10 \(\upmu\)g). This finding indicates the presence of the Lincomycin resistance gene in the genome. These antibiotic markers help in understanding the suitability of the strain to use as a dietary supplement. Genetic analysis of biodiversity provided insight into details about the different parameters of diversity analysis (Figure 4). The black line represents the observed data while the bars of the histograms represent the randomized strata's distribution. For this study, the null hypothesis was the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (i.e., if the \(p\)-value is less than or equal to a significant level/cut-off (0.05), then the null hypothesis is rejected). Given that the observed data did not fall within the expected distribution from the permutation, Figure 4 shows the horizontal axis as genetic distance values, highlighting substantial population differentiation at one level out of all three levels (\(p\) = 0.01). No significant difference was observed within samples and between subpopulation levels (\(p\) > 0.05). \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**Antibiotic** & **Zone of Inhibition** & **Mean Zone Diameter** \\ \hline Ampicillin (5 ug) & (S) & 30 mm \\ Penicillin G (10 ug) & (S) & 22 mm \\ Lincomycin (10 ug) & (R) & 00 mm \\ Cloxacillin (10 ug) & (I) & 17 mm \\ Streptomycin (10 ug) & (I) & 16 mm \\ Erythromycin (15 ug) & (S) & 30 mm \\ Tetracycline (30 ug) & (S) & 31.5 mm \\ Oxytetracycline (10 ug) & (S) & 20 mm \\ \hline Zone of inhibition: resistant (R): \(\leq\)15 mm, intermediate (I) 16–20 mm, susceptible (S): \(\geq\)21 mm. & \\ \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: Antibiotic resistance profile of NMCC-11 for cattle probiotic against common antibacterial compounds. Figure 4: Schematic representation of the AMOVA MK606112 histograms shows the distribution of the randomized strata, and the black line shows the observed data. Values of AMOVA (Table 5) showed the expected and observed heterozygosity, as well as polymorphism information of alleles, which revealed significant population structure at one out of three levels of population strata.