## 5 Discussion and Conclusions  
This article discusses the development of electricity prices in the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, and Poland. Based on the price trends, research was conducted that analyzed electricity prices from 2018 to 2024. Significant findings indicate that electricity prices peaked markedly in 2022 due to a combination of several events. These included reduced production from hydropower plants, increased energy demand, supply chain disruptions, and extreme weather conditions. These factors had a substantial impact on the DAP and CPS in countries such as the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, and Poland. The results also highlight seasonal variations, with the lowest prices and CPS values recorded in April, likely due to seasonal factors affecting solar energy production and market demand. In 2024, a significant decline in CRS was observed across all analyzed countries, which may indicate issues with integrating solar energy into the market, market saturation, or changes in market dynamics. Based on CPS and CRS values, it is possible to deduce several important pieces of information related to the economic performance and efficiency of photovoltaic power plants:  
1. **Economic performance of solar power plants**: From the CPS value, we can determine how profitable photovoltaic power plants are in a given time period. Higher values indicate higher revenues, while lower values indicate lower revenues. 2. **Competitive position of photovoltaic energy in the market**: CRS shows how competitively capable photovoltaic power plants are compared to other energy sources. High values suggest that solar power plants are able to compete and sell their energy at favorable prices. 3. **Market trends and demand for renewable energy**: From both values, we can deduce market trends and the demand for solar energy. For example, if both values are rising, this may indicate a growing demand for renewable energy and favorable market conditions for photovoltaic power plants. 4. **Regulatory and political influences**: These values can also be affected by regulatory and political measures, such as subsidies, tariffs, and climate policies, that either support or limit the development of photovoltaic energy. Given the findings, there is a need for further research and analysis to identify the causes of the identified anomalies. Future research directions should include a more detailed study of seasonal changes in solar energy production and prices and their impact on market prices and the profitability of solar power plants. Research should also examine the impact of different political measures and regulations on electricity market prices and the economic viability of solar projects. Additionally, the effectiveness of energy storage technologies and their economic impact in the context of solar energy should be evaluated. Another crucial aspect is to develop long-term models and predictions of market prices and the profitability of solar power plants considering various geopolitical and climatic scenarios. Expanding the analysis to additional regions and countries will provide a global perspective on solar market dynamics and allow for the identification of regional differences and specifics. The development of solar energy utilization currently depends on political decisions. The results summarized in the paper lead to the following conclusion: In the Czech Republic, from 2015 to the present, there were 25 months with a CRS value higher than 100% out of a total of 78 months. In Slovakia, there were 31 months, in Hungary 16 months, and in Poland 21 months. At first glance, it may seem that there were few months with a CRS value above 100%. However, it is important to realize that the calculation consists of two main parameters--the price of electricity and the amount of electricity produced. In Table 4, a brief comparison of two situations is shown. In the first, the production of electricity changes gradually, taking the following values: 25 MWh, 23 MWh, 20 MWh, 10 MWh, and 25 MWh.