## 1 Introduction  
Atmospheric dust aerosol noticeably absorbs solar radiation and is more transparent to thermal radiation. The dust aerosol generated by dust storms mainly consists of particles that originate from minerals. Fine fractions (particles with a diameter \(<\)1 \(\upmu\)m) can be transferred by air flow far from their source and remain in the atmosphere for a long time. The effect of aerosols can be determined by defining the optical and microphysical properties of particles, and their complex refractive index, particle size distribution, density, shape, and total concentration in the atmosphere [1]. The main tasks of remote sensing monitoring of the transport of absorbed aerosols include rapid identification of the sources and assessment of the affected areas. Aqua and Terra MODIS data represent basic data used for remote sensing [2], and data from full-scale measurements of the optical parameters of the atmosphere of the underlying surface are used for refinement. The combined MODIS data (Terra and Aqua) represents the satellite data of the aerosol products MODIS aerosol optical thickness (AOT) level 2. It is possible to obtain an accurate synoptic representation of the aerosol level in the atmosphere using this type of satellite information. Aerosols absorb and disperse incident sunlight, which reduces visibility and increases the optical depth. Various kinds of aerosols have various kinds of effects, both direct and indirect. As a direct effect, aerosols scatter sunlight back into space. As an indirect effect, they can either help or hinder the development of clouds, which in turn either cools or warms the planet [3]. Level 3 satellite data provide quantitative information. These data are used to predict aerosols' impacts in various models. To determine the spatial distribution of atmospheric aerosol, and determine its optical and microphysical characteristics, data from the measurements of ground-based photometers and remote laser (lidar) sensing methods of the underlying surface are actively used. Due to the difficulties in determining aerosols' characteristics using remote sensing methods, an essential stage is the theoretical (model, numerical) study of the possibilities of their determination using field measurements of aerosols' characteristics [4]. The development of technical systems has made it possible to obtain accurate data on the physical processes occurring both in the atmosphere and in the aerosols themselves. To refine the aerosol models used to restore aerosol characteristics in satellite data, the AERONET ground-based photometric observation network (AerosolROboticNETwork, [[http://aeronet.gsfc.nasa.gov](http://aeronet.gsfc.nasa.gov)]([http://aeronet.gsfc.nasa.gov](http://aeronet.gsfc.nasa.gov)), accessed on 1 November 2021) was created. To measure the optical characteristics of atmospheric aerosol over the Black Sea and Sevastopol, in particular, the SPM photometer developed at the IAO SB RAS is used, which registers and records signals from the Sun in a cloudless sky in the following 10 spectral channels: 339, 373, 439, 499, 673, 871, 939, 1044, 1555, and 2139 nm. The aerosol optical thickness of the atmosphere is calculated according to Bouguer law by spectral attenuation of the direct solar radiation. To determine AOT, the attenuation of light due to molecular Rayleigh scattering and absorption by gaseous components of the atmosphere is calculated, which is then subtracted from the total optical thickness of the atmosphere. The results of the intercalibration of SPM data (measured in Sevastopol) and the AERONET network are presented in Refs. [5; 6]. These measurements are used to calculate the aerosol optical thickness at each wavelength, excluding the 936 nm channel, which is used to determine the water vapor in the atmospheric column [7].