# ML-Based 5G Network Slicing Security:
## 5 Emerging Threats and Security Concerns in ML Based 5G Network Slicing
5G enables IoT services to trigger new types of cyber risks. [PERSON] et al. [81] provided an IoT cyber security framework, with a new epistemological analysis model that enables the assessment of unpredictable risk states in 5G-based IoT systems. [PERSON] et al. [82] aimed to make an AI decision on low memory devices with the use of new and emerging forms of data in order to create a self-optimising and self-adapting autonomous artificial intelligence (AutoAI). The authors intended this iterative approach and its application in low memory devices to be beneficial to 5G network slicing. AI is another weakness in a 5G network. A new security concern in 5G network slicing is adversarial machine learning attacks. The agents intend to fool the ML and DL models by injecting a sample of data which has had a disrupting factor added to it. Learning in the presence of adversaries with the aim of reducing the impact and defending against those adversarial ML attacks, eventually developing a secure environment, is known as adversarial machine learning [83]. [PERSON] et al. [84] deals with flooding attacks on 5G RAN slicing by minimizing the rewards for real requests and reducing fake slicing requests by adversaries through randomizing the request weight distribution. [PERSON] et al. [85] focused on the implementation of adversarial machine learning in communication systems. The authors present two scenarios: first, the impact of attacks on spectrum sharing in 5G, and secondly, the spoofing attacks by adversaries and their impacts on the DL based physical layer authentication system of the 5G user equipment which favours network slicing. There are numerous applications of network slicing where technological advancement, and how 5G network slicing is embedded in people's daily routines, can be seen. Some of the applications are in vehicular communications, i.e., Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V), Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X), WiFi networks, Industry 4.0 applications, IoT-based applications, and many others. [PERSON] et al. [86] stated that Industry 4.0 applications are based on network slicing. The authors defined the use of cloud computing and IoT, and how these technologies are incorporated with the manufacturing process in industry. Additionally, they specified that the current SDN is unsuitable for heterogeneous industrial work at an abstract level. Another type of network slicing application is Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X); it is an exchange of information between vehicles and infrastructure or other vehicles (V2I or V2V). [PERSON] et al. [87] determines the use of 5G network slicing in vehicular communication, i.e., V2X; the authors proposed the use of network slicing combined with relaying and configured the vehicular UE functionality based on the inter-vehicular distance between the vehicles by creating two virtual slices, namely the autonomous driving slice and the infotainment slice. The authors compared their work with the RSU communication method regarding the throughput of infotainment and reliability. WiFi networks play a pivotal role in the 5G network as everything depends upon the connectivity. [PERSON] et al. [88] presented two slicing algorithms based on the three features of 5G, one which runs statically to assign resources as per the slice requirement and another dynamically configures the slices. The simulation is performed over an NS3 simulator, and the results obtained statistically by KPIs outperform the current WiFi access technique. With the emerging technology in mobile communications, 5G networks enable internet connectivity over multiple devices which are connected together. The technology behind the use of 5G is network slicing, which deals with heterogeneous networks over various devices. Slicing manages the allocation and distribution of resources over the slices. With the expansion of 5G, security concerns are brought forward, which are a matter of consideration. This section covers surveys that elaborate on different security issues and how they have been managed.