esa-sceva/satcom-chunk-collection huggingface dataset:
## 4 Results
### Analysis of Results  
Although the number of successful tasks was not an explicit variable in this study, it has been included to support the acceptance or rejection of the null hypotheses. [PERSON]'s F test was used to compare variables. The results obtained had a \(p\)-value of 0.88. As this was greater than 0.05, it indicated that there was no significant difference in the success rates for either methodology.  
A two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to analyze effects on task completion times. The two independent variables were training methodology and gender. The combination of both factors was also analyzed to observe whether interference between them produced any effects on the time taken to perform tasks.  
Figure 5: Comparison of augmented reality (AR) methodology and traditional methodology: total mean times (seconds) for tasks.  
Figure 6: Comparison of AR methodology and traditional methodology: success rates.  
As seen in Table 2, the \(p\)-values obtained for each factor were \(>\)0.05; thus, the two null hypotheses proposed in Section 3 could not be rejected:  
* The time taken to learn the basic musical chords on the guitar did not depend on the methodology used.
* The gender of participants did not affect the time taken.  
Based on these findings, it is possible to state that there was no significant difference between the two methodologies with regard to learning times. It can also be stated that there were no differences in learning by gender within the group itself or between different methodologies.  
Observational findings indicated that each methodology had its own set of advantages and disadvantages.  
Table 3 shows a t-student analysis (paired series) of the variable \"time\" for each task, in order to identify whether there was a significant difference in the execution time of each chord by learning method.  
These results show in detail the result of Table 2. In this case, we can see that all tasks (except Task 7 \"Play B major chord\") showed no difference in the time of execution (one method or another of learning). Task 7 required more time from the participants of the AR methodology group.
## 3 Results
### Free Radical Scavenging Activity  
The obtained results are displayed in Table 3. Both extracts' free radical scavenging activity decreased in the order _d_UB, _mc_UB, and _cc_UB (Table 3). In ethanol extracts, % DPPH radical scavenging values registered were not significantly different between _d_UB (15.985%) and _mc_UB (15.735%), while _cc_UB showed a significantly different value (15.080%).  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Parameter** & _d_UB** & _mc_UB** & _cc_UB** & **F-Value** \\ \hline TPC ethanol & 23.481 \(\pm\) 0.039 b,x & 25.212 \(\pm\) 0.084 a,y & 18.383 \(\pm\) 0.004 c,x & 13200.49 *** \\ TPC acetone & 22.675 \(\pm\) 0.108 b,y & 36.243 \(\pm\) 0.093 a,x & 15.170 \(\pm\) 0.129 c & 27784.01 *** \\ \hline _t_-value & 12.16 *** & 152.42 *** & 43.12 ** & \\ \hline AA acetone (\% DPPH scavenging) & 16.878 \(\pm\) 0.204 a,x & 12.747 \(\pm\) 0.221 b,y & 11.336 \(\pm\) 0.174 c,y & 10.96 ** \\ AA ethanol (\% DPPH scavenging) & 15.985 \(\pm\) 0.197 a,y & 15.735 \(\pm\) 0.185 a,x & 15.080 \(\pm\) 0.326 b,x & 618.35 ** \\ _t_-value & 5.45 ** & 17.96 *** & 17.55 *** & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 3: Total phenolic content (TPC, expressed as mg PyE/g dried sample) and free radical scavenging activity (AA, expressed as % DPPH radical scavenging) of _U. barbata_ dried lichen and both fractions (_mc_UB and _cc_UB) extracted in ethanol and acetone.  
Figure 6: Overlay of FT-IR spectra of _U. barbata_ dried lichen (_d_UB), medulla-cortex (_mc_UB), and central cord (_cc_UB).  
Moreover, only \(mc\)UB had AA highly correlated with TPC (\(R^{2}\) = 0.976); the others showed a moderate correlation: \(R^{2}\) = 0.776 (\(d\)UB) and \(R^{2}\) = 0.738 (\(cc\)UB). Acetone extracts displayed considerable differences: 16.878% (\(d\)UB), 12.747% (\(mc\)UB), and 11.336% (\(cc\)UB). In this case, \(cc\)UB (\(R^{2}\) = 0.997) showed the highest correlation between antiradical activity and the TPC value, followed by \(mc\)UB (\(R^{2}\) = 0.969) and \(d\)UB (\(R^{2}\) = 0.883). Only \(d\)UB acetone extract had AA higher than the ethanol one; \(mc\)UB and \(cc\)UB acetone extracts had lower antiradical activity compared to ethanol ones (Table 3). Finally, comparing the AA and TPC for all lichen samples in each solvent, we can see that only the antiradical activity of ethanol extracts had a moderate correlation with TPC (\(R^{2}\)_ethanol_ = 0.755).
## 4 Conclusions  
Oncogenic activity of HRAS caused by point mutations has been observed in cancer patients. Understanding the molecular mechanism of mutation-induced conformational changes in the switch domains is crucial for developing drugs that target the RAS family. We conducted three separate GaMD simulations to improve the sampling of conformational states of the GTP- and GDP-bound WT, A59E, and K117R HRAS. The A59E and K117R mutations greatly affected the switch domains' structural flexibility in HRAS and significantly influenced their correlated motions and dynamics behavior. These mutations induced conformational changes in both the GTP- and GDP-bound HRAS, particularly impacting the SW1 and SW2 regions. Moreover, the two mutations weakened the hydrogen bonding interactions between GTP/GDP and the switch domains of HRAS and increased the disorder fluctuations of the interactions between Mg\({}^{2+}\) and the switch domains. Given the pivotal roles of the switch domains in HRAS binding to its effectors, these changes in interaction networks and conformational states are likely to affect the activity and function of HRAS. This study is expected to provide valuable theoretical guidance for drug development targeting the RAS family member.  
**Supplementary Materials:** The following supporting information can be downloaded at: [[https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/molecules29030645/s1](https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/molecules29030645/s1)]([https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/molecules29030645/s1](https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/molecules29030645/s1)), Figure S1: The function of RMSDs for heavy; Figure S2: The difference of RMSFs; Figure S3: The structural domains corresponding to the obvious changes in the RMSFs; Figure S4: MSAs of the GTP- and GDP-bound HRAS; Figure S5: the DCCMs; Figure S6: The function of eigenvalues arising from PCA as the eigenvector indexes; Figure S7: Time course of the distances for GTP-residue and GDP-residue interactions; Figure S8: Time course of the distances involved in the Mg\({}^{2+}\) interactions in the GTP-bound and GDP-bound HRAS systems. Refs. [97; 98; 43; 91] are cited in the Supplementary Materials.  
**Author Contributions:** Conceptualization, Z.Y. and G.H.; methodology, Z.C.; validation, Z.W. and X.C.; data curation, W.Z. and K.S.; writing--original draft preparation, Z.Y.; writing--review and editing, G.H.; supervision, G.H. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
**Funding:** This work was partially supported by funding from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32171249 and 62071085), the Youth Innovation Team Lead-education Project of Shandong Educational Committee and Dezhou University (2022 KFKT004 and HXKT2023064).  
**Institutional Review Board Statement:** Not applicable.  
**Informed Consent Statement:** Not applicable.  
**Data Availability Statement:** The data presented in this study are available in article and supplementary material.  
**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
## 5 Conclusions  
In this study, we explored the effects of temperature and dry-wet cycling on the shear strength and microscopic parameters of C-M-S samples. Based on our results, we drew the following conclusions:  
1. Dry-wet cycling and high temperatures significantly affect the shear strength. CMS exhibits obvious strain-softening properties. The soil cohesion is negatively correlated with the fractal dimension and positively correlated with the probability entropy.
2. The cohesion degeneration significantly increases before three dry-wet cycles; this degeneration can be satisfactorily described by an exponential equation function. Moreover, the cohesion exhibits a negative correlation with temperature. However, dry-wet cycling and temperature hardly influence the frictional angle.
3. Dry-wet cycling induces a significant change in the macroscopic properties of CMS. With the increase of \(N\), the pore fractal dimension increases and the probability entropy decreases. The macroscopic mechanics of CMS are correlated with changes in the macrostructure parameters. Above 35 \({}^{\circ}\)C, temperature affects mainly the mean fractal dimension.
4. Temperature induces thermal tensile stresses on the sample surface. The surface-crack occurs once the high-temperature stress value is greater than 0.57 MPa.
5. Strain softening, swelling-shrinkage, low strength, and high temperature are the main factors affecting the engineering geology of C-M-S slopes; these factors form the material basis for rainfall-induced K209 shallow landslides. On the other hand, dry-wet cycling, temperature, and rainfall conditions are external factors that induce C-M-S-slope landslides.  
[PERSON]: Methodology, Conceptualization, Writing--original draft, Investigation, Formal analysis, Visualization, Writing-review & editing. [PERSON]: Supervision, Methodology, Funding acquisition. All authors contributed to this study. [PERSON] designed the research study and wrote this paper. [PERSON] reviewed the manuscript. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [Grant No. 51568022] and the Hubei Provincial Education Department Key Project [Grant No. B2021233].  
Not applicable.  
All data supporting the results of this study are included in the paper.  
The authors state that they have no known competitive financial interests or personal relationships that could affect the work reported herein.  
Figure 14: Failure mechanism of CMS subjected to dry–wet cycling and temperature.
# Drilling Fluid and Cement Slurry Design for Naturally Fractured Reservoirs
## 4 Preventive and Corrective Lost Circulation Measures
### Preventive Measures to Avoid Lost Circulation during Drilling
#### 4.1.4 Solid Expandable Tubulars (SET)  
Solid Expendable Tubular (SET) technology was commercially applied for the first time in November 1999 with one main goal: to reduce the cost of drilling and the completion of a well in shallow water in the Gulf of Mexico [77]. According to [PERSON] et al. (2013) and [PERSON] et al. (2015) solid expandable technology includes a cone movement upward and downward through installed tubular casing under the action of force or pressure [78; 79]. In the case of a liner string, the possible expansion is usually in the range between 5% and 18%, but there is also successful operation with an expansion higher than 20%. The mentioned cost reduction is possible in two ways. Firstly, this technology allows for the drilling of smaller diameter wellbores and the utilization of a smaller diameter of expandable casing string, significantly reducing the cost of drilling as well as the associated cost of casing and cementation. However, this technology has a very wide application in solving different problems related to exploration and production activities and associated costs such as extension of the casing shoe, loss of wellbore integrity, control of lost circulation, overpressured or unstable zones during drilling, covering old perforation intervals or damaged casings, etc. [77; 80]. The latest development in solid expendable tubular technology allows for the construction of a monobore wellbore as well as the installation of multiple clad/unclad liners to cover problematic zones in a hole with the same internal diameter. A clad liner contains external seals and other external attachments which are used for covering the lost circulation and depleted zone in an an open hole section [81].
## 2 Methodology and Scope of the Review
### How We Found the Research Papers
#### 2.3.3 Step 3: Search Databases  
The search was carried out in the following academic databases:  
* **Google Scholar**: Broad initial searches for relevant papers.
* **IEEE Xplore**, **ACM Digital Library**, and **SpringerLink**: Focused searches for technical and peer-reviewed studies.  
Filters were applied to achieve the following:  
* Focus on articles published between **2015 and 2024** to ensure relevance to current technologies.
* Limit results to **English-language publications**.
# Responses of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants to Engineered Nanoparticles +
## 6 Effects of Carbon-Based NPs on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants
### MwCNTs
#### 6.5.3 Attenuation of Abiotic Stress  
The addition of 50 mg/L of MWCNTs functionalized with carboxylic acid groups (MWCNT-COOH) in hydroponic solution was able to improve the adverse impact of salt stress (50 and 100 mM NaCl) on hydroponically cultivated _O. basilicum_ L. plants, resulting in increased contents of assimilation pigments and the levels of non-enzymatic antioxidants and enhanced activities of antioxidant enzymes, including APX, CAT, and GPX. Whereas application of 25 mg/L MWCNT-COOH was found to be beneficial for plant growth and EO content and compound profile; treatment with a 4-fold higher dose was found to be phytotoxic. Hence, MWCNT-COOH could be considered as plant growth promoting and stress protecting agents, which have potential to be used in agriculture [312].
## 3 Results and Discussion
### Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy
The interaction model proposed based on infrared analysis aligns with the representation in Figure 2a, where the individual components of each mixture, including the TPS-CH-M plasticizers, are depicted. In the case of the mixture containing acetaminophen (TPS-CHM-A, Figure 2b), an interaction model is presented that illustrates the system's integration, wherein van der Waals interactions play a role (see Figure 3). Due to its small molecular size, acetaminophen can readily diffuse into the matrix and distribute uniformly throughout the mixture. This facilitates maximum interaction with the biopolymers while preventing structural transformations or modifications, such as cross-linking reactions or esterifications.
###### Abstract  
Background: The study aimed to analyze the relationship between the mechanical parameters of the horizontal force-velocity profile (Hzt FV profile) and performance over two different change of direction (COD) protocols (50 test and modified 505 test [MG05 test]) to assess the influence of mechanical parameters of Hzt FV profile on COD deficit (CODD) in soccer players among different categories. Methods: Seventy-seven soccer players, divided into playing levels, participated in the following assessments: Hzt FV profile, 505 test and M505 test. Spearman correlation coefficient (\(\tau_{\rm s}\) [\(p<0.05\)]) and a linear regression model were used to determine the relationship between COD performance and mechanical parameters of sprint (maximum power output [P\({}_{\rm max}\)], maximum horizontal force production [F\({}_{0}\)] and maximum velocity application [V\({}_{0}\)]). Results: suggest that (1) VO is highly correlated with 505 test [Professional (\(\tau_{\rm s}=-0.682\), \(p<0.01\)); Amateurs (\(\tau_{\rm s}=-0.721\), \(p<0.01\)); U1 SDH (\(\tau_{\rm s}=-0.736\), \(p<0.01\)); U1 SDH (\(\tau_{\rm s}=-0.569\), \(p<0.01\)); (2) F is strongly correlated to M505 test [F\({}_{0}\)--M505 test [Professional (\(\tau_{\rm s}=-0.468\), \(p<0.05\)); Amateurs (\(\tau_{\rm s}=-0.690\), \(p<0.01\)); U1 SDH (\(\tau_{\rm s}=-0.642\), \(p<0.01\)); U1 SDH (\(\tau_{\rm s}=-0.658\), \(p<0.01\))]; and (3) significant differences were observed in Professionals vs. U18 LN comparison [505 test (U = \(-37.7\), \(p=0.000\)); M505 test (U = \(-26.9\), \(p=0.000\))]. Conclusions: A significant relationship exists between strength levels and COD performance depending on task demands. Horizontal force (F\({}_{0}\)) is crucial in statics COD, while high-speed force production (V\({}_{0}\)) is decisive in dynamics COD. Finally, higher-level players demonstrate greater efficiency in COD.  
team sports; neuromuscular profile; acceleration +
Footnote †: journal: Medical Physics
# A Predictive Reliability Model to Assess the Performance of Photovoltaic Systems
## 3 Results and Discussion
### Results of Simulation Step  
The changes of \(T_{A}\) and \(V_{W}\) over the 12 months are exactly the same for the three experiments of a geographical region but differ between the two regions, which can be observed in Figure 1b,c. The values \(G_{eff}\) vary from one experiment to another since they depend on the location and field orientation as shown in Figure 1a. \(G_{eff}\) shows smooth variation for the near Cairo but some irregular variation for the near Riyadh region. The obtained values of the array yield \(Y_{a}\) are plotted in Figure 2, which shows increased values during the summer months following an increase in the effective global irradiation. The smoothness and irregularity of \(G_{eff}\) are reflected in the array yield but in a nonlinear fashion. This nonlinearity may be due to the dusty weather in late autumn and the start of summer in Riyadh and mid-autumn in Cairo [22]. The array yield also shows variability among the three orientations during the cold months in both regions.  
Figure 1: Inputs of the PV system over the 12 months for three orientations of the two regions. (**a**) Global effective radiation over the 12 months. (**b**) Ambient temperature over the 12 months. (**c**) Velocity of wind over the 12 months.  
The PV system efficiency is shown in Figure 3, which demonstrates decreased efficiency during the summer months for both regions, which is expected due to the increased ambient temperature. The temperature for this time ranges from 25 to 29.5 \({}^{\circ}\)C near Cairo and from 34.7 to 39 \({}^{\circ}\)C near Riyadh. The minimum PV system efficiency is noted in mid-July when the temperature is at its maximum value, as shown in Figures 1b and 3. The lower efficiency of the system in the near Riyadh region confirms this conclusion, as the temperature in Riyadh is always higher than that in Cairo. Figure 3 also demonstrates variation of the system efficiency among the three orientations during the winter months in Cairo but no variation for that of Riyadh. This may be due to the fact that Riyadh is closer to the equator than Cairo, decreasing the effect of varying orientation.  
Investigating Figure 4, the same description of PV system efficiency is noted for the PV system performance ratio, with increased variability among the three orientations for Cairo in the cold months.  
The energy produced by the system over the 12 months changes in a fashion similar to those of the effective global radiation and the array yield as shown in Figure 5. Although there is decreased PV system efficiency and performance ratio during the summer months, the produced energy increases because of the increased effective global radiation. It is clear that the produced energy is higher in Cairo than in Riyadh for the three orientations, although there is less effective global radiation in Cairo. This is due to less temperature and cooling provided by the higher wind velocity in Cairo.
# Studying the Impact of Different TCP DoS Attacks on the Parameters of VoIP Streams
## 4 Results and Discussion  
It should be mentioned that the presented research examines the impact of standard TCP DoS attacks on the performance of Asterisk Free PBX. The attacked device was Asterisk itself, which was considered as a network device, i.e., the VoIP server itself was attacked, not specific elements of it, as in scenarios other authors have examined in their work and research. The VoIP server was subjected to \"standard/ordinary\" DoS attacks without modification to the contents of the attack packets, as in scenarios some of the authors have examined in the other works mentioned above. Figure 1 presents the topology of the modeled IP network.  
The experimental network was composed of two switches (Switch1 and Switch2). E0 to E4 are the ports of the switches to which the VMs, Asterisk and router (R1) are connected. g/1/0 and g2/0 are the router ports to Kali Linux and Switch2 are connected. R1 is an emulated disk image of an operating system of a real router through which a connection to other networks was simulated. Four users (VM_1, VM_2, VM_3, and VM_4) represented four virtual machines with software phones installed on them. The virtual machines were created using hypervisor software. The IP PBX under study was an Asterisk Free PBX, which was also installed on a virtual machine using hypervisor software. The built-in firewall was enabled in the Asterisk settings. Kali Linux was deployed on some other, external network. Kali Linux itself was also installed on a virtual machine.  
Figure 1: Topology of the modeled network.
# A New Integrated Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Model for Resilient Supplier Selection
## 3 Methodology
### Proposed Framework of GRA-BWM-TOPSIS  
The integrated model consists of three phases as presented in Figure 1. The first main part of the model is the identification and definition of the appropriate resilience criteria. These criteria are first collected from the related literature and then refined based on the SC requirements. A group of experts is selected from the case company to execute the data collection. The experts' judgments are gathered and the importance levels of each criterion are obtained using GRA in phase 1. Then, the weight of each criterion is determined by applying BWM and the consistency ratio is calculated at the end of phase 2. After computing the weights, the evaluation of suppliers is carried out by applying TOPSIS in phase 3. In this phase, the experts are requested to provide their opinions about the suppliers based on each resilience criterion.