# FrameSum: Leveraging Framing Theory and Deep Learning for Enhanced News Text Summarization
## Appendix A  
In Section 3.2.2, we discussed the definition and identification of news text framing, as shown in Table A1. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c} \hline \hline
**Frame Name** & **Annotation Description** & **Label** \\ \hline \multirow{7}{*}{
\begin{tabular}{c} Fact Frame \\ \end{tabular} } & [Definition] Objectively presents the basic facts of the event, including the cause, process, \\  & involved parties, time, location, and other elements, answering “what happened”. \\  & [Identification Points] Describes facts in an objective and neutral language; explains the \\  & background information such as time, place, and characters (5 WH) of the event; includes key \\  & aspects such as the cause, process, and result of the event; usually used at the beginning of news \\  & reports to provide context. \\  & [Example] On November 2 nd, a terrorist attack occurred in the city center, causing at least ten \\  & civilian casualties. \\  & [Definition] Explores the causes attributed to the occurrence of the event, identifies the responsible \\  & parties, and comments on or questions the dereliction of duty by the responsible parties. \\  & [Identification Points] Analyzes the causes of the event; identifies the responsible parties; criticizes or \\  & holds the responsible parties accountable for their dereliction of duty; discusses how to prevent \\  & similar events from happening again. \\  & [Example] The government was accused of failing to effectively prevent the terrorist attack, sparking \\  & questions and blame regarding the government’s security policies. \\  & [Definition] Highlights the evident divergence, opposition, and conflicts between the parties \\  & involved in the event. \\  & [Identification Points] Identifies the different interest groups involved in the event; describes the \\  & opposing views or interest demands between different interest groups; emphasizes the \\  & complexity and controversial nature of the event; commonly seen in event reports involving \\  & public policies or the interests of different groups. \\  & [Example] The terrorist attack triggered tensions between the government and counter-terrorism \\  & departments, with the government demanding stricter security measures while the opposition \\  & accused the government of neglecting counter-terrorism efforts. \\  & [Definition] Presents vivid details and reveals individual fates by describing individuals involved \\  & in the event, evoking emotional resonance with the audience. \\  & [Identification Points] Selects individuals from the event for a special feature; vividly describes \\  & the experiences, psychological states, and emotional changes of individuals; rich in details and \\  & dramatic tension; evokes sympathy and empathy from the audience. \\  & [Example] A survivor recounted his fear and despair during the terrorist attack, as well as the \\  & painful experience of losing loved ones. \\  & [Definition] Focuses on the impact of the event on the economic domain, including aspects such \\  & as costs, benefits, and budgets. \\  & [Identification Points] Analyzes the economic impact of the event on related industries, \\  & businesses, or individuals; involves economic indicators such as data and amounts; discusses \\  & economic issues such as cost control, benefit improvement, and budget balancing; commonly \\  & seen in reports involving public policies and business operations. \\  & [Example] The terrorist attack not only led to a sharp decline in business activities in the city center but also caused economic losses and a decrease in investor confidence. \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table A1: General framing annotation guidelines. We adopted the seven general frame types summarized by [PERSON]. In the actual annotation process, annotators only need to determine the most prominent and dominant frame type for each report, without identifying secondary frames.