# Review on BCI Virtual Rehabilitation and Remote Technology Based on EEG for Assistive Devices
## 1 Introduction  
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), of the world population, over 1 billion people have a disability [1]. The International Society for Prosthetics and Orthotics has estimated that people needing prostheses or orthotics and related services represent 0.5% of the population in developing countries. However, in low- and middle-income countries, the rates of needing these services are increasing. For example, 75 million people need a wheelchair, being 1% of the world's population. This type of requirement is known as a physical or motor disability. A physical disability, impairment, or reduced motor mobility limits the body's movement. Motor mobility limitations can affect the upper and lower limbs, including the mobility difficulty of any limb or its loss. Such restriction could affect persons since birth, due to a syndrome/disease or by accident [2]. The rehabilitation concept is applied to a range of clinical methods to offer solutions to several disability conditions, including intervention to improve body functions (social, environmental, or physical) that allow the reinsertion of a person into society while intending to improve the quality of life. The rehabilitation evaluates the body functions, structures, activities, participation, environmental factors, and personal factors that can contribute to a person's social interaction [3]. It is essential to emphasize the necessity of maintaining the continuity of the rehabilitation and therapeutic conditions. One of the goals of rehabilitation [3] is to reduce the effects of negative health conditions. Therefore, it must be conceived as a complete process (Figure 1 [3]) whose importance lies in improving health, reducing the costs of patient staysin hospitals, and improving the quality of life. If rehabilitation actions are not performed, this causes a delay and a deterioration in the patient's health, and in general, diminishes the individual's opportunity to fend for themselves and interact with society. One of the many variants for the implementation of rehabilitation is therapy. The therapy is responsible for preventing a loss or deterioration of the functions involving a disability and is composed of measures or applications such as physical exercises, education, consultancies for the correct therapy application, and assistive technologies. Due to various conditions (such as the lockdown by COVID-19 and the increase in average life expectancy, among others), access to rehabilitation technologies has become difficult. Contradictorily, the need for rehabilitation options has risen during the same period. These facts, coupled with the condition that there are insufficient health professionals trained to deal with these problems, made it imperative to improve the conditions for access to rehabilitation facilities, techniques, strategies, and professionals. Notice that the number of people who are considered to receive therapy due to some disabilities is smaller than the number of people that suffer from a disability (around 50% of the population with a disability do not take measures to do an appropriate rehabilitation process). This is because, due to the many conditions, they cannot afford their therapy/treatment and cannot attend the therapy sessions due to isolation. Therefore, such cases were not considered in the data collection of a population group needing therapy, etc. [3]. Rehabilitation is a continuous effort among various sectors: health professionals, education specialists, the business sector, society in general, etc. However, unfortunately, there are places and conditions where the considered rehabilitation strategies are insufficient for the population. This condition implies that other actions must be taken to ensure proper rehabilitation evolution. Since the rehabilitation benefits increase when it is applied earlier, it is crucial to have the necessary human, economic, and technical resources for its application.