## 2 Results
### Fatty-Acid Profile  
The fatty-acid profile of _S. crispus_ is shown in Table 4. The major fatty acid was \(\alpha\)-linolenic acid, followed by linoleic acid and palmitic acid, constituting 58%, 12.49%, and 10.48% of the total fatty acids present, respectively. \(\alpha\)-Linolenic acid is an 18-carbon, polyunsaturated fatty acid (Figure 6) and is a widely known antioxidant that may have contributed to the overall antioxidant activity of _S. crispus_. \(\alpha\)-Linolenic acid is essential for overall well-being, as the human body does not have the required enzyme for the synthesis of this compound, which must be acquired from dietary sources [37].  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**Compound** & **Retention Time** & **Total Area \%** \\ \hline Capric acid & 18.750 & 0.07 \\ Lauric acid & 23.500 & 0.41 \\ Tridecanoic acid & 25.665 & 0.20 \\ Myristic acid & 27.810 & 1.74 \\ Pentadecanoic acid & 29.830 & 0.18 \\ Palmitic acid & 31.745 & 10.48 \\ Palmitic acid & 32.130 & 1.93 \\ Hexadecone acid, & 32.655 & 1.44 \\ Herbadeconic acid & 33.590 & 0.21 \\ _cis_-10-Heptradeconic acid & 33.910 & 0.15 \\ _Searic acid_ & 35.365 & 6.07 \\ Oletic acid & 35.640 & 3.61 \\ Eladici acid & 35.770 & 0.30 \\ Linoleic acid & 36.380 & 12.49 \\ \(\alpha\)-Linoleic acid & 37.415 & 58.00 \\ Arendidic acid & 38.675 & 0.40 \\ Behenic acid & 41.170 & 1.20 \\ Ernica acid & 41.470 & 0.12 \\ _cis_-47,10,13,16,19-Deconshaevenoic acid & 42.665 & 1.00 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 4: Profile of fatty acids in \(S\). _crispus_.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Compound**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Retention Time**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Fresh**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**FD**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**CPD-VMFD**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**CD 40 °C**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**CD 50 °C**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**CD 60 °C**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**CMD 60 °C**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**VMD 6 W/g**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**VMD 9 W/g**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**VMD 12 W/g**} \\ \cline{2-11}  & **Exp.** & **Lit.** & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Concentration (mg 100 g*d)**} & & & & & & & \\ \hline \(\alpha\)**-tocopherol** & 25.950 & 25.950 & 210.40 & 13.19 & 17.57 & 10.72 & 20.02 & 10.94 & 11.04 & 19.97 & 12.88 \\
**Desmostor** & 26.630 & 26.630 & 254.54 & 30.17 & 37.34 & 25.15 & 27.62 & 30.03 & 27.29 & 23.26 & 28.78 \\
**Langosterol** & 26.875 & 26.880 & 148.60 & 20.60 & 22.93 & 18.49 & 23.54 & 22.34 & 23.81 & 20.07 & 22.39 \\
**Carpester** & 27.575 & 27.580 & 791.57 & 68.88 & 86.53 & 61.79 & 60.06 & 81.48 & 56.23 & 66.77 & 99.21 \\
**Stignstared** & 28.005 & 28.810 & 1207.96 & 141.55 & 140.47 & 119.26 & 135.22 & 148.00 & 135.76 & 147.60 & 142.90 \\ \(\beta\)**-ststored** & 28.955 & 28.980 & 1476.47 & 157.16 & 153.65 & 201.10 & 228.01 & 194.95 & 186.08 & 229.18 & 207.87 \\
**6-ampurn** & 29.225 & 29.190 & 230.26 & 26.64 & 26.97 & 32.32 & 35.99 & 37.17 & 33.38 & 30.38 & 31.80 \\
**Cyclonetron** & 30.055 & 30.050 & 34.58 & 1.47 & 3.25 & 2.94 & 1.39 & 2.41 & 1.30 & 3.19 & 1.52 \\
**Retulin** & 31.225 & 31.170 & 61.06 & 2.41 & 1.93 & 1.81 & 31.5 & 2.87 & 2.09 & 2.06 & 1.10 \\
**TOTAL** & & & & & & & & & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 3: Concentration of phytosterols influenced by drying methods.