## 4 Factors Affecting HErC  
As shown in Table 3, this study categorizes the influencing factors addressed in 96 target articles into five main categories: household characteristics, economic attributes, energy consumption features, awareness and norms, and policies and interventions, further subdivided into 15 subcategories. Each subcategory reflects the literature's focus on different dimensions of influencing factors.  
The specific details of the factors addressed in each article are provided in Table S1. Based on this information, the study quantifies the frequency of each category and its subcategories within the literature, as illustrated in Figure 5, to assess the significance and attention given to these factors in the field. This quantitative analysis lays the foundation for an in-depth exploration of the driving mechanisms behind household energy behaviors and carbon emissions.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l l} \hline \hline
**Main Category** & **Subcategory** & **Description** \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{I. Household characteristics} & a. Household structure & Family structure type, family life cycle, etc. \\  & b. Household size & The number of people in a family \\  & c. Education level & Education level of household members \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{II. Economic attributes} & a. Income level & Per capita income, household income, etc. \\  & b. Household assets & Assets (car, house ownership), savings accumulation, etc. \\  & c. Household expenditures & Energy expenditures, expenditure patterns, etc. \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{III. Energy consumption features} & a. Source and structure & Primary energy demand, fuel mix, energy structure, etc. \\  & b. Energy use behavior & Energy end-use, energy-saving behaviors etc. \\  & c. Intensity and efficiency & Energy intensity, efficiency, building energy intensity, etc. \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{IV. Awareness and norms} & a. Environmental ideology & Lifestyle, environmental awareness, etc. \\  & b. Behavioral attitudes & Behavioral attitudes, subjective norms, etc. \\  & c. Social norms & Normative motivation and cultural attitudes, etc. \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{V. Policies and interventions} & a. Energy policy & Carbon tax, green policies, fiscal expenditure policies, etc. \\  & b. Price elasticity & Low-carbon incentives, energy price and subsidies, etc. \\ \cline{1-1}  & c. Government service & Housing policies, public service satisfaction, etc. \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 3: Classification of influencing factors.  
Among the 96 analyzed papers, economic attributes and energy consumption features are the most frequently mentioned categories, appearing 52 and 51 times, respectively. Within these, the subcategories of income level, which appeared 37 times, and energy intensity and efficiency, which appeared 30 times, are the most prevalent, underscoring the central role of economic conditions and energy efficiency in the research. The household characteristics category appears 35 times, with household size being the most prominent, appearing 21 times. The awareness and norms category appears 24 times, with environmental ideology as the primary focus, appearing 14 times. In the policies and interventions category, which appears 21 times, government services stand out with 10 occurrences, highlighting the significance of policy tools in guiding energy consumption and carbon reduction.