## 3 Areas and Modern Technologies of Industry 4.0 and 5.0  
The proposed technology assessment model considers the affiliation of technologies with two complementary paradigms: Industry 4.0 and Industry 5.0. Table 1 presents six key areas of industrial transformation (K1-K6) and the 22 modern technologies (L11-L64)assigned to them. Areas K1-K3 refer to typical features of Industry 4.0, such as automation, digitalization, and system integration, while K4-K6 reflect the assumptions of Industry 5.0, including human-centricity, sustainable development, and system resilience. The selection of technologies was based on a literature review and expert consultations. This classification serves as the foundation for the subsequent cause-effect and ranking analyses in this study. To facilitate analysis and ensure interpretative clarity, a marking system is used that distinguishes the affiliation of technologies to individual areas. Transformation areas are marked with the symbol K (K1-K6), with K1-K3 representing Industry 4.0 and K4-K6 corresponding to Industry 5.0. In turn, modern technologies are coded as L11-L34 (technologies assigned to Industry 4.0) and L41-L64 (technologies characteristic of Industry 5.0). This structured labelling approach allows for consistent identification of components in the further part of the model, including in the DEMATEL influence matrices and in rankings generated using the PROMETHEE II method. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Industrial Era** & **Industry Area** & \begin{tabular}{c} **Industry Area** \\ **Notation** \\ \end{tabular} & **Modern Technology** & \begin{tabular}{c} **Modern** \\ **Technology** \\ **Notation** \\ \end{tabular} & **Reference** \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{4.0} & Automation and & \multirow{2}{*}{K1} & Internet of Things (IoT) & L11 & [60] \\  & Connectivity & & Cybersecurity & L12 & [61] \\  & & & Wireless Communication/5G & L13 & [62] \\ \cline{2-6}  & Data-Driven & \multirow{2}{*}{K2} & Artificial Intelligence (AI) and & \multirow{2}{*}{L21} & [63] \\  & Optimization & & & Machine Learning (ML) & \\  & Optimization & & Big Data and Data Analytics & L22 & [64] \\  & & & IT Support Systems & L23 & [65] \\ \cline{2-6}  & & \multirow{4}{*}{K3} & Cloud Computing & L31 & [66] \\  & & & 3D Printing (Additive & \multirow{2}{*}{L32} & [67] \\  & & Manufacturing) & & \\  & & Robotics and & & & \\  & Flexibility & K3 & Automation/Autonomous & L33 & [68] \\  & & & Production Systems & & \\  & & & Augmented and Virtual & \multirow{2}{*}{L34} & [69] \\  & & & Reality (AR/VR) & & \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} Human- \\ **Centricity** \\ \end{tabular} } & \multirow{8}{*}{K4} & Human-Centered Robotics & Human-Centered Robotics (New-Generation Cobots) & L41 & [70] \\  & & & Hyper-Personalized & \multirow{2}{*}{L42} & [71] \\  & & Production & L42 & [71] \\ \cline{1-1}  & Human- & \multirow{2}{*}{K4} & Neuromorphic Computers & \multirow{2}{*}{L43} & [72] \\  & & and Brain–Machine Interfaces & & & \\  & & Ethical AI and & \multirow{2}{*}{L44} & [73] \\  & & & Social Responsibility & \multirow{2}{*}{L45} & [74] \\  & & AI Combined with & \multirow{2}{*}{L45} & [74] \\  & & Human Intelligence & & \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{\
\begin{tabular}{c} Sustainability \\ **Resilience** \\ \end{tabular} } & \multirow{8}{*}{K5} & Sustainable Production and & L51 & [75] \\  & & Circular Economy & \multirow{2}{*}{L52} & [76] \\  & & Renewable Energy and & \multirow{2}{*}{L53} & [77] \\  & & Smart Grids & & \\  & & Autonomous Vehicles & \multirow{2}{*}{L53} & [77] \\  & & and Drones & & \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{
\begin{tabular}{c} Resilience \\ \end{tabular} } & \multirow{8}{*}{K6} & Biotechnology and & \multirow{2}{*}{L61} & [78] \\  & & Nanotechnology & \multirow{2}{*}{L62} & [79] \\ \cline{1-1}  & & Quantum Computing & \multirow{2}{*}{L63} & [80] \\ \cline{1-1}  & & New Materials & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & Digital Twin & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Industry 4.0 and 5.0 areas and technologies. Automation and Connectivity (K1).