## Materials and Methods
### Data Collection and Study Area
It should be noted that the investigations carried out in the selected provinces were carried out on sunny days and in the same period. The data of January and March were studied as a period. In the studies carried out in Istanbul and Konya provinces, 3 junctions with 3 and 4 connected arms were examined. These intersections are also considered to have both a fixed and dynamic signal pattern. The collected data were analyzed in different time intervals in 1 day and 10 day periods. Table 6 describes the analysis periods and hour intervals. Figure 8: Junction view equipped with camera sensor (Konya/Turkey) [33]. The most important factor in creating signal plans for intersections is the management of phase transitions in a certain order. This is an important event in providing traffic flow. The diagram in Figure 9 shows the order of phases. The information on which vehicle turned to which side from these data is known from the order of the phases. From this dataset, the information about the number of vehicles driving in the relevant intersection in which the phase is obtained from the difference of the values was given by the input-output sensors. In the same way, criteria such as the flow rate of incoming vehicles or service rates compared to the arrival rates were calculated over the input-output sensors. The dataset given as an example below was obtained from wireless sensors and loop detectors placed under asphalt. These types of sensors here give us the number of vehicles passing over. Sensors shown in red give the number of vehicles approaching the intersection, while green data give the number of vehicles exiting through the intersection. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c} \hline
**Hours** & **In Two Period (Period 1: 1 Day; Period 2: 10 Days)** \\ \hline
07:00–18:00 & 3 h interval: 07:00–10:00, 11:00–14:00, 15:00–18:00 \\
07:00–18:00 & 15 min interval: 07:00–07:15, 07:15–07:30 \(\ldots\) 17:45–18:00 \\
07:00–18:00 & 1 h interval: 07:00–08:00, 08:00–09:00 \(\ldots\) 17:00–18:00 \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 6: Analysis periods. Figure 9: Phase transitions order of signal plans. Before mentioning the values of the sensors below, it is necessary to explain the phase, cycle, and current of the intersections. The meaning of the phase is explained above and Figure 9 shows the phases with their direction of rotation. Table 7 explains the terms that we will use very often in the study. In the analysis of the transition between phases, the changes in the data were taken as they are. The collected data were calculated by passing through some preliminary stages to be used in the modeling phase. For example, in Table 8, where a part of the dataset of the Kartal Sanayi Street intersection is shared, the values taken from the entrance sensors of the vehicles approaching the intersection are shown in red, and the values taken from the exit sensors in green. These values give us the number of vehicles passing through loop sensors placed under asphalt from V1 to V14. Another dataset given in Table 8 shows a sample data group taken from an intersection equipped with a camera sensor. Values such as cycle periods, green times, protection times, and time differences between transitions, indicated in red in Table 9, were obtained. These data are important inputs for the created models. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c} \hline
**Term** & **Description** \\ \hline Phase & Each phase in an intersection has a set of timings that control the transit times of pedestrians and vehicles using the intersection. One phase can control both the right turns of vehicles and pedestrian crossings [51]. \\ Flow & The concept of flow is traffic flow generated by vehicles approaching an intersection from any direction. \\ Cycle & A cycle is defined as the total time to complete a series of signaling for all movements in an intersection [51]. \\ Effective Green Time & The time spent by a particular traffic movement or movement sequence. \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 7: Definitions of the terms used in intersections.