## 3 Digital News Story Preservation Initiative
### Research Challenges  
The news encompasses a wide range of events that are directly or indirectly connected to our social lives. These events include parliamentary actions, significant political occurrences for countries, court proceedings, government announcements, deaths, births, marriages, sports, etc. In the coming years, the responsibility of preserving these comprehensive journalistic records primarily lies with news outlets and newspaper organizations, ensuring their availability for future generations. Online news publications are generated and updated instantly, following a non-linear format, which means that they can disappear and become inaccessible. Based on existing data, it has been observed that approximately 80% of web pages become inaccessible within a year, and around 13% of links, particularly web references in scholarly articles, cease to function after approximately 27 months [18, 19]. Consequently, the need to preserve online digital news for an extended duration has become imperative to ensure its safeguarding for future generations.  
Even if a newspaper is backed up or archived by national archives and libraries, accessing specific information from multiple sources about a particular event may be challenging in the future. This challenge becomes even more complex when attempting to follow a story through an archive that comprises a vast collection generated from numerous news sources, each requiring different technologies to access the archived contents.  
News archives are of two types, i.e., graphical formats and partially indexed archives, which makes it difficult to access particular news about an event because, many challenges encountered, such as:  
* Vast archive collections: an archive created from many sources;
* Various sources on different platforms;
* Multilingual archive: an archive created from multiple languages, i.e., Arabic, Urdu, and English;
* Low-resource language: Access becomes more complicated when searching news article in low-resource languages, such as Urdu.  
There are many difficulties in digital news preservation, such as;
* Extraction of news from diverse sources and different technological platforms;
* Extraction of explicit and implicit metadata;
* Computing similarity values between news articles;
* Conversion of news articles to a specific standard format for future integration and access, etc.  
There are many challenges in accessing preserved digital news stories in archives, such as;  
* Locating and discovering a digital resource among a huge collection, such as a catalog or archive [20];
* The effectiveness of search mechanisms depends directly on how these objects are organized. Digital library management helps by providing support for identifying, describing, and locating resources;
* Interoperability is the ability of different systems to exchange and use information together without losing content and functionality, representing a huge challenge in archive management [21];* Providing mechanisms for digital objects to hold the data that prove their reliability, integrity, authenticity, and provenance [22];
* Storing information about the physical characteristics and documenting behavior so that it can be emulated in future technologies [21]. For example, \"the original XML instance of imported data is maintained to preserve all mappings and to be able to roundtrip the original\" [23];
* During the object development phase, multiple versions of the same object may be created for preservation and dissemination. Thus, the same object may be present in multiple versions; metadata tracks all the information regarding different versions and changes in the object over time;
* When seeking to utilize data collected for a different project in their own work, individuals aim to locate and utilize data while placing a greater emphasis on trust and comprehension. Reusing data typically necessitates meticulous preservation and documentation of both the data content and the accompanying metadata.