# Integrated Systems of a Solar Thermal Energy Driven Power Plant
## 1 Introduction  
Solar power is one of the many sources of renewable energy that are now available. The use of concrete solar power (CSP) and photovoltaic technologies are two methods that may be used to harvest solar energy. It is possible that the thermal energy reserves of the system will be used in the event that there is insufficient solar power to operate the turbine. Because of this, solar thermal power plants are better than photovoltaics in terms of efficiency. Even though they are quite strong, the sun's beams are not powerful enough to create energy on Earth. Large mirrors are used to focus the sun's rays that are on their way to the absorbers before they reach them. An absorber is a fluid that transports heat and absorbs radiation heat [1]. Radiation heat is absorbed this way. The turbine is driven by the thermal energy of the fluid, which ultimately results in the production of electricity. When it comes to the generation of energy, solar thermal power plants often make use of the central receiver and the parabolic trough designs. Essentially, the technique doubles as a storage medium for the thermal energy collected from the sun. Two tanks store the fluid; one is heated to a high temperature, and the other is maintained at a low temperature. The solar collector or receiver's job is to raise the fluid's temperature from the low-temperature tank. The fluid is moved to the high-temperature tank for storage once it has been heated to the required temperature using solar energy. Using a heat exchanger, the fluid from the high-temperature tank is transformed into steam, which is then utilized to generate power. Regarding sophisticated hybrid cycles, General Electric calculated the heat balance. Their research showed that a hybridization method combining evaporation and superheating was the most effective for their purposes [2]. By including a thermal storage system (TSS), a computer model was developed that encompasses the economics and energy flows inside a solar-fossil fuel hybrid power plant. Based on the data collected by the model, we can see how much electricity was drawn from the TSS, how much went to which load, how much went back to the TSS, and how much fuel the fossil section of the hybrid power plant consumed. The model determined the power produced by an SCR hourly or quarter-hourly. They proved that for a solar-fossil fuel hybrid system to be financially feasible, the capital investment could not be more than 2.5 times the asset's present value for a fossil fuel power system comparable to the hybridization. Modeling, simulating, and evaluating such systems was the primary aim of this research. Solar central receivers (SCRs), parabolic trough collectors (PTCs), compact linear Fresnel collectors (CLFCs), and solar dishes (SDs) were the focus of this research. These definitions are provided here to compare different hybrid management systems. The hybridization of redundant systems, parallel fossil heaters, solar-enhanced systems, and solar preheat systems were the four hybridization options that were compared. It was proposed that well-built hybrid plants would provide considerable advantages over solar plants that rely only on solar energy, particularly for upcoming markets. By making the most of these possibilities, we may obtain cheaper energy costs, more incredible value energy due to dispatchability, less capital investment in new technologies, and enhanced energy conversion efficiency [3]. The present situation has resulted in an exponential increase in the need for energy across all industries, including production, infrastructure, etc. Only 30-34% of the world's total energy usage goes toward meeting the building's heating and cooling needs. Their actions have given birth to several health issues, such as pollution control, warming the planet, a diminished ozone layer, and so on. The governance of energy and security has recently captured the global spotlight [4].