# Performance Analysis of P2P Networks with Light Communication Links: The Static Managed Case
## 1 Introduction  
The rapid growth in the number of devices connected to the Internet (between 41.6 billion [1] and 500 billion [2] by 2025), the high demand of hot spots of traffic in local networks, and the size and number of data transmitted mainly due to the video streaming services and video content in social networks in the last decade have prompted the creation of new technologies and architectures to provide an adequate service to users in these highly demanded scenarios. In view of this, the new generation of telecommunication systems must be able to handle high traffic demands, providing low latency and high download rates to users demanding very different services in different scenarios. Also, congestion in these systems can be aggravated by variables such as the number of nodes in a centralized structure, upload and download bandwidths, and storage and processing capabilities. As such, traditional client-server structures to share files rapidly deteriorate by the increase in the number of nodes in the network, and in the same way, P2P networks are useful due to the fact that they can offer scalability (generally, a greater number of peers constitutes a better performance). This is because a basic P2P network is constituted of nodes that act as both servers and clients; this means that nodes can download and upload information to each other at the same time. On the other hand, in many popular P2P networks such as _BitTorrent_, the data sent in the network are divided into smaller pieces called _chunks_,and peers are identified as either _leechers_ or _seeds_. _Leechers_ are peers that have not downloaded all the chunks (or even none); conversely, _seeds_ possess all chunks, and they can share the complete file to any _leecher_. Furthermore, P2P networks have been extensively studied under radio frequency channel assumptions, but they have been largely overlooked for light channel scenarios. Currently, WiFi is one of the most widely used technologies worldwide, and it is in continuous improvement processes in the face of adversities and applications that come year after year. In this context, WiFi 7 has arisen through the need for new challenges presented by low-latency or real-time technologies in the _Internet of Things (IoT)_ paradigm, such as multimedia, healthcare, _augmented reality/ virtual reality (AR/VR)_, and industrial and transportation applications [3]. WiFi 7 was developed from the IEEE 802.11 be standard, and can reach throughput/speed peaks of up to 30 Gbps and incorporate solutions to WiFi ecosystems as multilink and multiaccess point operations, also reducing latency and jitter in these environments [4]. Consequently, due to the advantages that WiFi 7 presents, we consider this technology for the models and simulations of this article. Conversely, LiFi has emerged as a technology capable of transmitting data through light (visible or invisible), creating and complementing solutions to emerging technologies through _Internet of Everything (IoE)_ and vehicular networks [5], as well as outdoor and indoor applications. Specifically, LiFi could substitute WiFi systems in hostile areas for existing technologies, in case of a shortage in the radio frequency spectrum or highly saturated channel environments, in high traffic demand, and high-node-density applications such as classrooms, museums, concerts, sporting events, and airplanes, among others. LiFi uses the ranges of visible light (VLC), infrared (IR), and ultraviolet (UV) as unlicensed bandwidth, also establishing itself as a green [6] (since LiFi works through light waves, which are not harmful for life, it also utilizes the current light infrastructure and reduces carbon footprint with respect to other technologies), secure (data cannot be received outside the walls of a certain room; hence, a potential malicious agent has to be in close proximity to the receiver, complicating their unauthorized access), fast (peaks of throughput of up to 1 Tbps in the case of LiFi 2.0 [7]) and low-cost (used with existing infrastructure) [8].