## 3 Method
### Overall Framework of ICSO
This work was supported by the Science and Technology Development Fund of Macau under Grant 0037/2023/ITPI, the Macau University of Science and Technology Faculty Research Grants under Grant FRG-24-025-FIE, and the Guangzhou Development District International Cooperation Project under Grant 2023 GH01. The data used in the experiments of this article are publicly available online. Specifically, the CIFAR-10 dataset can be accessed at [[https://www.cs.toronto.edu/~kriz/cifar.html](https://www.cs.toronto.edu/~kriz/cifar.html)]([https://www.cs.toronto.edu/~kriz/cifar.html](https://www.cs.toronto.edu/~kriz/cifar.html)), the STL-10 dataset at [[https://cs.stanford.edu/~acoates/stl10/](https://cs.stanford.edu/~acoates/stl10/)]([https://cs.stanford.edu/~acoates/stl10/](https://cs.stanford.edu/~acoates/stl10/)), the LSUN dataset at [[https://www.yfio/p/lsun](https://www.yfio/p/lsun)]([https://www.yfio/p/lsun](https://www.yfio/p/lsun)), the CelebA dataset at [[https://mmlab.ie.cuhk.edu.hk/projects/CelebA.html](https://mmlab.ie.cuhk.edu.hk/projects/CelebA.html)]([https://mmlab.ie.cuhk.edu.hk/projects/CelebA.html](https://mmlab.ie.cuhk.edu.hk/projects/CelebA.html)), and the ImageNet dataset at [[https://www.image-net.org/](https://www.image-net.org/)]([https://www.image-net.org/](https://www.image-net.org/)). The UAV-captured images used in this study will be made available by the authors upon request. Figure 6: Images are generated by StyleGAN3, utilizing variously optimized latent spaces for the UAV electric poles dataset. Conflicts of Interest: Author [PERSON] was employed by the company LANGO Tech Co., Ltd. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. ## References

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