## 4 Results and Discussion
### Tinctures of Wild Rose Flowers (Rosa canina L.)
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & **TP** & **TP** & & & & \\  & **(mg GAE/** & **(mg GAE/g** & **AADPPH [\%]** & **L\({}^{*}\)** & **a\({}^{*}\)** & **b\({}^{*}\)** \\  & **100 mL)** & **Flowers)** & & & & \\ \hline \multicolumn{8}{c}{**Tinctures of wild rose flowers**_Rosa canina_**} **L**. \\ \hline Home & \(15.72\pm 0.16\)\({}^{\text{a,D}}\) & \(8.98\pm 0.09\) & \(69.77\pm 10.16\)\({}^{\text{a,A,B}}\) & \(21.18\pm 0.01\)\({}^{\text{a,B}}\) & \(0.59\pm 0.08\)\({}^{\text{a,D}}\) & \(4.29\pm 0.05\)\({}^{\text{a,B}}\) \\ Craft & \(46.78\pm 0.75\)\({}^{\text{b,E}}\) & no data & \(81.87\pm 7.71\)\({}^{\text{a,A}}\) & \(21.00\pm 0.33\)\({}^{\text{a,B}}\) & \(1.66\pm 0.24\)\({}^{\text{b,B}}\) & \(4.25\pm 0.46\)\({}^{\text{a,B}}\) \\ U M-W 1 statistics & z = \(-2.16\) & z = \(-1.01\) & z = \(0.14\) & z = \(-2.16\) & z = \(0.14\) \\ \multicolumn{8}{c}{**Tinctures of elderberry flowers**_Sambucas niger_**} \\ \hline Home & \(27.19\pm 0.24\)\({}^{\text{c,B}}\) & \(1.46\pm 0.01\) & \(72.60\pm 9.46\)\({}^{\text{a,A,B}}\) & \(21.73\pm 0.01\)\({}^{\text{a,D}}\) & \(1.32\pm 0.05\)\({}^{\text{c,C}}\) & \(3.75\pm 0.02\)\({}^{\text{b,E}}\) \\ Craft & \(13.59\pm 0.14\)\({}^{\text{a,C}}\) & no data & \(87.83\pm 4.61\)\({}^{\text{b,A}}\) & \(26.16\pm 0.02\)\({}^{\text{c,F}}\) & \(-0.45\pm 0.02\)\({}^{\text{a,A}}\) & \(1.55\pm 0.01\)\({}^{\text{a,C}}\) \\ Home with added sugar & \(17.23\pm 0.56\)\({}^{\text{b,E}}\) & \(1.85\pm 0.06\) & \(81.25\pm 6.78\) & \(23.98\pm 0.01\)\({}^{\text{b,C}}\) & \(0.33\pm 0.04\)\({}^{\text{b,D}}\) & \(5.25\pm 0.04\)\({}^{\text{c,F}}\) \\ K-W 2 statistics & z = \(9.85\) & z = \(5.54\) & z = \(9.91\) & z = \(9.91\) & z = \(10.20\) \\  & \(p\) = \(0.007\)\({}^{*}\) & & \(p\) = \(0.06\) & \(p\) = \(0.007\)\({}^{*}\) & \(p\) = \(0.007\)\({}^{*}\) & \(p\) = \(0.006\)\({}^{*}\) \\ \hline \multicolumn{8}{c}{**Tinctures of margiold flowers**_Calendula off._**} **L**. \\ \hline Home craft from & \(27.08\pm 0.33\)\({}^{\text{c,B}}\) & \(2.71\pm 0.03\) & \(41.23\pm 19.18\)\({}^{\text{a,C}}\) & \(20.00\pm 0.01\)\({}^{\text{a,A}}\) & \(1.65\pm 0.02\)\({}^{\text{c,B}}\) & \(2.65\pm 0.01\)\({}^{\text{a,A}}\) \\ Home craft from & & & & & & \\ dried flowers & \(25.89\pm 0.22\)\({}^{\text{b,F}}\) & \(7.77\pm 0.06\) & \(56.81\pm 15.48\)\({}^{\text{a,BC}}\) & \(20.03\pm 0.01\)\({}^{\text{a,A}}\) & \(1.51\pm 0.06\)\({}^{\text{b,BC}}\) & \(2.88\pm 0.05\)\({}^{\text{b,A}}\) \\ Home craft from & & & & & & \\ fresh flowers & \(10.72\pm 0.05\)\({}^{\text{a,A}}\) & \(1.07\pm 0.01\) & \(40.85\pm 6.91\)\({}^{\text{a,C}}\) & \(22.88\pm 0.02\)\({}^{\text{b,E}}\) & \(-0.23\pm 0.03\)\({}^{\text{a,A}}\) & \(7.15\pm 0.02\)\({}^{\text{c,G}}\) \\ K-W 2 statistics & z = \(9.85\) & z = \(1.85\) & z = \(9.91\) & z = \(9.85\) & z = \(9.88\) \\  & \(p\) = \(0.007\)\({}^{*}\) & & \(p\) = \(0.007\)\({}^{*}\) & \(p\) = \(0.007\)\({}^{*}\) & \(p\) = \(0.007\)\({}^{*}\) \\ \hline \multicolumn{8}{c}{**Tinctures of comflower flowers**_Centaurea cyanus_**} **L**. \\ \hline Home craft of & \(9.93\pm 0.45\)\({}^{\text{a}}\) & \(3.36\pm 0.15\) & \(9.49\pm 2.20\)\({}^{\text{D}}\) & \(23.73\pm 0.01\)\({}^{\text{C}}\) & \(-0.26\pm 0.09\)\({}^{\text{a}}\) & \(3.34\pm 0.02\)\({}^{\text{D}}\) \\ dried petals & & & & & & \\ \hline \multicolumn{8}{c}{**Kruskal-Wallis statistics for all products**} \\ \hline \multicolumn{8}{c}{\(z=34.32\)} & z = \(29.26\) & z = \(34.32\) & z = \(34.35\) & z = \(34.98\) \\ \multicolumn{8}{c}{\(p=0.0000\)\({}^{*}\)} & \(p\) = \(0.0000\)\({}^{*}\) & \(p\) = \(0.0000\)\({}^{*}\) & \(p\) = \(0.0000\)\({}^{*}\) \\ \hline \multicolumn{8}{c}{\({}^{1}\)_U-W_—Munn-Whitney U statistics; \({}^{2}\) K-W-Kruskal–Wallis statistics; \({}^{2}\) Mann–Whitney U test statistic or Kruskal–Wallis test statistic value, respectively, \(p\) probability value for tested hypotheses, \({}^{*}\) statistically significant values at z = 0.05. a\({}^{*}\) letters—average values marked with the same letters do not differ statistically significantly within the group of tinctures from the same raw material; A–G letters—average values marked with the same letters do not differ statistically significantly within all tested products. \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}