## 6 Discussion and Conclusions  
After the outbreak of the conflict between Russia and Ukraine, the night-time light in the whole country decreased sharply, and most provinces lost more than 60% of their night-time lights due to the war. As a good representation of human activities, the night light data reflects socio-economic development, population migration, and energy consumption. Possible reasons for the reduction of night lights in the war zone of the Russia-Ukraine conflict are as follows: (1) city light and power systems were damaged during the conflict; (2) the exodus of people caused a loss of urban population and thus a reduction of night-time light; and (3) the government's curfew policy affected the emission of light at night. The possible reasons for the large increase in night-time light intensity in some areas after the outbreak of the conflict are as follows: (1) civilian life in the regions with a larger number of pro-Russian individuals had an easier return to normal after being controlled by the Russian side; (2) military lighting caused by the deployment of troops and abnormal ignition points caused by the conflict; and (3) the refugee corridor for humanitarian aid inhibits surrounding military combat to a certain extent, which may lead to enhanced local night-time light. In this paper, the night-time light ratio index and dynamics on different scales are calculated from the 36-day corrected Ukrainian NPP VIIRS data, and the quantitative  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Region**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Density of Road**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**The Total of Road Lights at Night (nW/cm\({}^{2}\)/sr)**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Road Night-Time Light Dynamics (\%)**} \\ \cline{3-10}  & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Network**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**2.28**} & **3.3** & **3.7** & **3.15** & **3.29** & **2.28-  
analysis of the night-time light damage caused by the conflict outbreak is carried out over the time and space of the conflict. The following three conclusions are drawn:  
(1) The unique perspective of night-time light data can clearly and intuitively monitor the impact of war on residents' social activities and can reflect various types of information, including the spread of conflict and refugee migration. (2) Combined with time sequence analysis of the restoration and the loss of night-time light, dynamic laws can often echo the changes in actual conflict situations. Using night-time light data to analyze and predict the trends of the conflict can enable researchers to view the battlefield situation at a macro level. (3) The observation of the battlefield situation from the perspective of night-time light can reduce or eliminate the casualty risks faced by collectors of field survey and ground survey data and compensates for the lack of statistics obtained through credible, reliable, and efficient means. In this paper, the use of daily night-time light data to examine the conflict situation has a lag of at least one day, and it is impossible to monitor conflict changes caused by emergencies in real-time. In addition, due to the limitations of the resolution of night-time light data, it is difficult to identify areas with relatively small economies such as villages and towns. The total level of night-time light in the built-up areas is extremely small and, as the correlation with the evolution of the conflict situation is insufficient, it should be combined with other high-resolution remote sensing data. The application of remote sensing earth observation in emergencies not only breaks the restrictions of national boundaries and geographical conditions but also breaks the time boundary between the past and the present. The combination of remote sensing and emergency investigation has many advantages, such as breaking through the limitation of visual space-time and frequency spectrum, revealing the law of multi-scale, and maintaining the objectivity of news.