# Security and Privacy for Modern Wireless Communication Systems, 2 nd Edition
## 2 Summary of the Contributions
The approach is generalizable to more complex variants and incurs only minimal additional memory requirements. Experimental results confirm that LazyNTT significantly reduces cycle counts while preserving output correctness, making it a promising optimization for post-quantum cryptography and potentially homomorphic encryption. The fourth contribution, produced by [PERSON] et al., presents an applied study on enhancing the cybersecurity of 5G and future 6G core networks by integrating post-quantum cryptography (PQC), specifically Key Encapsulation Methods (KEMs), into the free5 GC open-source platform. Recognizing that the virtualized nature of modern 5G Core Networks increases the attack surface, the authors aim to address the threat posed by quantum computing, especially the risk of \"Store Now, Decrypt Later\" (SNDL) attacks, by replacing vulnerable key exchange methods in TLS with quantum-resistant alternatives like CRYSTALS-Kyber. The team implements these PQC KEMs into TLS 1.3 for inter-VNF communication within free5 GC, leveraging the Open Quantum Safe (OQS) project and modifying the system using Go-OpenSSL bindings for compatibility. The evaluation demonstrates that PQC integration results in only a minimal increase in latency and bandwidth overhead during UE (User Equipment) connection establishment. Specifically, standalone Kyber KEMs outperform the widely used elliptic curve X25519 in latency performance. The authors conclude that PQC-enabled 5G cores are both feasible and beneficial, offering strong quantum-resilient security with negligible impact on real-time system performance. This work sets a precedent for integrating PQC in production-grade 5G and 6G systems to future-proof their cryptographic integrity. The fifth contribution, authored by [PERSON] et al., introduces a provably quantum-secure three-party mutual authentication and key exchange protocol based on the Modular Learning with Error (MLWE) problem. Motivated by the limitations of existing work in the literature, which is vulnerable to several attacks, including replay attacks, impersonation attacks, insider attacks, and denial-of-service attacks, the authors develop a more robust and efficient protocol that integrates biometric data for three-factor authentication. The proposed scheme ensures that users and servers can mutually authenticate and securely exchange session keys even with quantum adversaries. Formal security validation is conducted using BAN logic, the Real-or-Random (RoR) model, and the AVISPA tool, confirming resistance against various attacks and verifying mutual authentication. Performance analysis demonstrates computational efficiency and improved security features compared to related protocols. By leveraging the strengths of MLWE in combination with biometric authentication and secure hash-based operations, the protocol offers a scalable and practical solution for post-quantum secure communications in multi-party settings. The sixth contribution, provided by [PERSON] et al., presents IoT-GCChain, a blockchain- and IoT-assisted grain supply chain framework aimed at enhancing transparency, traceability, and security in grain distribution. The system addresses long-standing issues in traditional supply chains, such as middleman exploitation, record tampering, and lack of real-time grain condition monitoring, by integrating non-fungible tokens (NFIs), smart contracts, and sensor data. Each grain lot is tokenized as an NFT containing critical information, including quality metrics, weight, and environmental conditions (e.g., temperature and humidity) collected via DHT22 sensors and GPS modules. These NFTs are dynamically updated as grain moves through a multi-tiered supply chain, from central authorities to local retailers. Smart contracts deployed on the Ethereum blockchain automate verification, traceability, and ownership transfer, with real-time updates stored in Firebase and metadatahosted on IPFS.