## 3 Results
### Temperature's Impact on Influent and Effluent Wastewater Parameters  
The influence of seasonal temperature variations on wastewater parameters was evaluated. The influent characteristics exhibited discernible patterns with temperature changes, while the effluent quality remained consistently within the regulatory limits illustrated in Figure 4a,b. This section provides a detailed analysis of each parameter's relationship with temperature. The influent pH exhibited stability across all temperatures, ranging from 7.58 at 2.48 \({}^{\circ}\)C in October to 7.79 at 14.56 \({}^{\circ}\)C in December. This stability suggests that the temperature had negligible impact on the influent pH, likely due to its buffering capacity. The effluent pH was similarly consistent, ranging from 7.55 at9.23 \({}^{\circ}\)C in November to 7.90 at 25.67 \({}^{\circ}\)C in August, demonstrating the treatment process's effectiveness in maintaining stable pH levels despite temperature fluctuations. The total phosphorus in the influent showed seasonal variability, with higher concentrations being observed at lower temperatures (4.36 mg/L in December at 14.56 \({}^{\circ}\)C) and lower concentrations at higher temperatures (2.76 mg/L in June at 24.12 \({}^{\circ}\)C). This suggests that colder temperatures may enhance the phosphorus load due to a reduced microbial activity at source locations. The effluent phosphorus levels remained consistently low, ranging from 0.19 mg/L in September at 21.75 \({}^{\circ}\)C to 0.47 mg/L in August at 25.67 \({}^{\circ}\)C, indicating effective phosphorus removal across all temperatures. The influent chemical oxygen demand (COD) exhibited an inverse relationship with the temperature, peaking at 507 mg/L in December (14.56 \({}^{\circ}\)C) and declining to 361.19 mg/L in June (24.12 \({}^{\circ}\)C). This trend could be attributed to increased organic loads during colder periods due to reduced microbial degradation upstream. The effluent COD concentrations were consistently low, from 16.06 mg/L in August (25.67 \({}^{\circ}\)C) to 22.76 mg/L in December (14.56 \({}^{\circ}\)C), highlighting the treatment system's high efficiency in COD removal, regardless of the temperature. The total suspended solids (TSSs) in the influent varied seasonally, with higher levels being observed in warmer months such as August (210.06 mg/L at 25.67 \({}^{\circ}\)C), likely due to increased runoff, and lower levels in colder months, such as April (154.24 mg/L at 24.12 \({}^{\circ}\)C). The effluent TSS concentrations were consistently low, ranging from 2.19 mg/L in May (17.90 \({}^{\circ}\)C) to 3.50 mg/L in July (24.32 \({}^{\circ}\)C), indicating robust suspended solids removal even during months with higher influent TSS levels. The influent biochemical oxygen demand (BOD\({}_{5}\)) followed a similar trend to that of the COD, with higher values during colder months (278.43 mg/L in December at 14.56 \({}^{\circ}\)C) and lower values during warmer periods (190.24 mg/L in June at 24.12 \({}^{\circ}\)C), reflecting the reduced natural degradation of organic matter in colder conditions. The effluent BOD\({}_{5}\) levels were consistently low, from 2.48 mg/L in December (14.56 \({}^{\circ}\)C) to 3.57 mg/L in October (2.48 \({}^{\circ}\)C), confirming the system's effectiveness in BOD\({}_{5}\) reduction across all temperature ranges. The total nitrogen level in the influent was higher at lower temperatures, peaking at 39.86 mg/L in December (14.56 \({}^{\circ}\)C) and decreasing to 26.49 mg/L in June (24.12 \({}^{\circ}\)C), likely due to the reduced biological activity and denitrification at source locations during colder months. The effluent nitrogen levels were consistently low, ranging from 6.61 mg/L in July (24.32 \({}^{\circ}\)C) to 8.32 mg/L in November (9.23 \({}^{\circ}\)C), reflecting efficient nitrogen removal mechanisms. Figure 4: Influent (In) and effluent (out) wastewater parameters with respect to temperature.