## 4 Illustration: Technology Roadmapping in the Case of Underwater Vehicles
### Phase 5: MA-Based TRM for New Technologies and Products  
In the process of identifying new technologies and products, the SGTM-based maps are developed and TRIZ inventive principles are applied in systematizing the innovation path with the experts' aid. In the SGTM-based map, a series of cells that contain the keywords are scattered to divide the whole map into different parts, thus generating dense areas and sparse areas. The sparse areas are the targets for identifying new technologies and products, as there have been rare attempts to address technology opportunities in these areas. The sparse areas that contain fewer than two words are identified. The SGTM-based maps of the technology layer and product layer are shown as Figures 4 and 5. For example, in Figure 4 (technology), the areas \"titanium\" and \"composite\", which are isolated from the others, are considered to be technology vacuums. Similarly, the areas \"pump\", \"generator\", \"chain\", \"battery\", \"lithium\", \"telemetry\", \"detector\", \"sonar\", \"camera\", \"propeller\" and \"duct\" are defined as technology innovation sources. In Figure 5, the areas \"steel\", \"titanium\", \"battery\", \"lithium\", \"telemetry\", \"sonar\", \"camera\" and \"hydraulic\" are identified as product innovation sources. For the step of utilizing the TRIZ inventive principles, to extract the most suitable inventive principles efficiently, each of them is first generalized in the form of keywords based on the definition. Then, the appearance frequency of the keywords in the patent documents are counted and recorded in Python. Consequently, the 40 TRIZ inventive principles are ranked to identify new technologies and products systematically, as shown in Table 10. The description of the 40 motivated principles is given in the Appendix C. The essential result of the occurrence frequency of extracted TRIZ keywords is listed in Appendix D. Keywords whose occurrence frequency is up to 199 are selected to identify suitable innovative principles. In particular, considering the target field complex features and the characteristics of the developing era, we introduced a new inventive principle called \"intelligitization\" in order to make the innovation process more efficient and significant. The principle of \"intelligitization\" is defined based on modern communication, information technology, computer network technology, industry technology and intelligent control technology, implemented an automated and intelligent management and control process from perception to memory and then the automation of thinking and execution in a certain production process. The innovation path in applying the TRIZ inventive principles in sparse areas is demonstrated as follows: First, the areas \"titanium\" and \"composite\" in Figure 4 and \"steel\" and \"titanium\" in Figure 5 are influenced by the principle of \"Mechanics substitution\". This means that the material of \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**Keyword** & **Count** & **Corresponding Principles** \\ \hline recover & 2445 & 34 Discarding and recovering \\ move & 2043 & 17 Another dimension \\ thin & 1444 & 30 Flexible shells and thin films \\ add & 1398 & 22 “Blessing in disguise” or “Turn lemons into lemonade”; 39 Inert atmosphere \\ acoustic & 1386 & 28 Mechanical substitution \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 10: The relevant theory of inventive problem solving (TRIZ) innovative principles in the field of underwater vehicles. Figure 5: SGTM-based map for products. the composite can be improved and substituted to some extent by titanium, which may be a research target in the next few years and is represented by N1. It is relevant to new technologies and products. Second, several principles may generate synergistic effects together in this area. The principles of \"Spheroidality-Curvature\", \"Dynamics\" and \"Flexible shells and thin films\" share a similar meaning of \"making the shape, function, phase, or action smooth and the moving rate low, etc.\".