## 3 Internet of Things Applications for Healthcare Systems  
Smart homes should have cyber-physical content permanently linked to the Internet to provide data collection from environment that can be correlated and to produce effective knowledge that is used to improve the quality of life of occupants. The MIT Media Lab was responsible for the development of the first smart home project [86]. Smart homes can be classified into different categories depending on their main purpose. On the one hand, several smart homes aim to identify and distinguish the movements of its occupants to improve their health. On the other hand, some smart homes aim to store and retrieve multi-media captured data in the indoor environment and other activities are centered on surveillance, and are processed in order to obtain information to create real-time notifications and alarms to safeguard the family and house. Moreover, another group of smart homes is classified based on energy efficiency concerns by providing energy consumption supervising and gadget control [87]. A smart home intends to deliver an ELE to its occupants through the incorporation of numerous sensors to monitor indoor environmental conditions and the inhabitants' activities. Furthermore, smart homes aim to add intelligent functionalities to a home in order to incorporate healthcare systems to assist and improve occupants' health and well-being. As referred by [88], several visions of smart homes are proposed, such as a social view, an instrumental view, and a functional view. Smart homes can be seen as an enhanced method to improve the life quality of occupants; this is referred to as the functional view. Another point of view is the smart home prospective for supervising and decreasing energy consumption and consequently lowering carbon dioxide emission; this is referred to as the instrumental view. Likewise, smart homes can be seen as a way to improve and enhance the digitalization of our daily routine; this is referred to as the socio-technical view. An example of a smart house that provides breathing and heart rate supervision is presented by [89]. This smart home offers occupants breathing and heart rate supervision with a typical accuracy of 99%. Several projects based on smart homes are available in Europe, such as iDorm [90], Gloucester Smart Home [91], and CareLab [92], which remains notable through its significance for the enhanced state of the art and advanced qualities. A unified architecture for supervision and management of smart houses that recurs to ZigBee is recommended by [93]. The SPHERE Project [94] provides environment, video, and wearable data collection to offer an architecture that uses sensor data fusion to provide identification and administration of several healthcare conditions. An IoT architecture that provides management of the integration and behavior-aware orchestration of devices as services and is cloud based was proposed by [95]. Home Health Hub IoT (H3 IoT) provides an architecture for health supervision of ageing home occupants that is cost-effective, easy to use, incorporates a simple layered design, and is delay tolerant [96]. A healthcare system for diabetes therapy was proposed by [97]. This system provide connectivity between the developed patient's device based on 6 LoWPAN and the medical team's desktop software to process individual health conditions and a glycemic index information system. Several projects for remote healthcare based on IoT that can improve the process and intelligence of information collection in the medical industry are reported in the literature. One has been proposed by [98]. IoT allows the correct tracking of devices and their identification, patient and clinical team validation, and data collection that produces important information for personalized healthcare [25].