## 1 Introduction  
The International Bureau of Weights and Measures (BIPM), based on strictly defined algorithms [1], determines the UTC scale (Universal Coordinated Time) on the basis of previously properly prepared and verified measurement data from local and remote comparisons of over 700 atomic clocks [2]. These data are sent to BIPM by the National Metrological Institutes (NMI), Designated Institutes (DI), and other laboratories responsible for the implementation of local time scales UTC(k). UTC(k) scales are the basis for determining the official time in individual countries. They are implemented on the basis of commercial cesium atomic clocks or hydrogen masers, enabling the determination of these scales with an uncertainty of, respectively \(10^{-12}\) and \(10^{-15}\). Once a month, BIPM publishes the [UTC-UTC(k)] deviations for the previous month in the \"Circular T\" bulletin with a five-day interval, which indicate the discrepancy of the UTC(k) time scales in relation to UTC. They are designated as daily average values for MJD (Modified Julian Date) days, that end with digits 4 and 9. Ensuring compliance of UTC(k) with UTC at the level of discrepancy not exceeding \(\pm 10\) ns guarantees the stability of this scale on a level not worse than 1 s per 274,000 years and puts it in the best group of local time scales in the world. It is of great importance in the economy, research, and defense. The problem of maintaining the best possible compliance of UTC(k) with UTC is due to the delay (8 to 12 days) in the next month's publication on the BIPM ftp server of the \"Circular T\" bulletin containing the [UTC-UTC(k)] deviations for each UTC(k) time scale. This delay is due to the complexity and time-consuming nature of the UTC determination process. Ensuring the best possible stability of UTC(k) and its compliance with UTC forces the UTC(k) generation system to make appropriate adjustments to the output signal of the atomic clock. In view of the delay in publishing the \"Circular T\" bulletin, this can only be resolved by predicting the deviations. The literature on predicting the deviations for UTC(k) present only four analytical methods based on stochastic differential equations [3], Allan deviations [4], Kalman filter [5], and linear regression [6]. Based on their own research, NMIs and DIs decided individually to choose one of the four methods listed for predicting deviations for UTC(k). The basis for predicting deviations for UTC(k) in a given month are input data, prepared for each of the methods, based on [UTC-UTC(k)] deviations, published by BIPM for the previous month. Polish Timescale UTC(PL) is determined by the Central Office of Measures (GUM--polish for Glowny Urzad Miar). For predicting [UTC-UTC(PL)] deviations, a linear regression method had been used. This method, similar to the other three mentioned methods, is a time-consuming method that must be carried out by a person with extensive metrological experience and knowledge of the operation of an atomic clock and devices cooperating with it. The quality of predicting the deviations is determined by many factors, including the quality of the historical data being the basis for predicting, the instability of the applied atomic clock, the stability of the clock power source, and the climatic conditions. In 2006, the Institute of Metrology, Electronics and Computer Science of the University of Zielona Gora (IMEI) started cooperation with GUM in the field of improving the quality of predicting the deviations. The aim of this cooperation is to achieve prediction errors not exceeding the required value of \(\pm\)10 ns for UTC(k) timescales belonging to the first group. The analysis of the work carried out so far at the GUM on the timescale prediction has shown that the historical data of UTC(PL) include classified knowledge that can be extracted by a neural network (NN). The proposal of applying NN for predicting deviations for UTC(k) resulted from its property, consisting of the possibility of building models by an inductive method.