## 2 A2S Integrated MIoT
### A2S Integrated MIoT Architecture  
Figure 2 depicts an illustrative A2S integrated MIoT architecture. Specifically, the A2S integrated MIoT is based on the internet and connects a network of various objects and devices in the ocean, land, and air. Its architecture is a system architecture for realizing marine environment perception and DT [89]. It connects sensor devices in the air and on the ground, data centers, communication networks, and MIoT devices, and enables data acquisition, processing, and distribution through IoT platforms [62]. Below, we analyze  
the main architectural parts shown in the diagram, as well as the success stories of A2S integrated networks in the MIoT. 1. Perception layer: The perception layer refers to sensor nodes and IoT devices. Sensor nodes include various environmental detectors, position and attitude sensors, cameras, etc., which are connected to the MIoT through IoT devices and collect data and upload the data to the next layer of the network. It consists of various sensor devices deployed in the air, on the ground, and at sea, such as meteorological sensors, ocean sensors, position sensors, etc. These sensor devices transmit the collected data to the data center via wireless communication [90]. 2. Transport layer: The transport layer refers to the interaction of various communication networks. Including satellite positioning system, SC of the wireless network, etc., used to connect the various components. These communication networks provide reliable data transmission channels that support real-time marine environmental awareness and data exchange [91]. 3. Processing layer: The marine environmental data obtained from the perception layer are centrally stored and processed for cloud computing. A cloud-based service enablement platform is used to manage and operate the entire MIoT system [92]. The platform provides the equipment management, data management, and other functions, and supports the real-time monitoring, analysis, and sharing of the marine environmental data. At the same time, the IoT platform can also be integrated with other systems, such as shipborne navigation systems, maritime supervision systems, etc. Data centers are typically equipped with HPCAS devices and utilize data processing algorithms to analyze, mine, and visualize ocean data. 4. Application layer: This refers to various specific application scenarios and business requirements, such as smart ports, marine environmental monitoring, ship safety, fisheries resource management, etc., which exchange data and share information through the MIoT. Based on the MIoT, various marine environment application services, such as marine early warning, marine resource management, route planning, etc. These application services use the marine environmental data provided by the IoT platform to provide decision support and information services for users in maritime, fisheries, energy, tourism, and other fields [93]. 5. Space segment: This segment aims to establish a security monitoring system, real-time monitoring of the security status and abnormal conditions of the IoT system, security protection and privacy protection, and timely warning and appropriate protective measures [94]. 6. Specific cases: Through the A2S integrated MIoT architecture, we can achieve comprehensive perception and monitoring of the marine environment, improve the safety and efficiency of maritime transportation, promote the sustainable development and utilization of marine resources, and provide decision-making support and services for relevant industries and government departments [95]. One of the successful examples of the A2S integrated MIoT is China's \"Nanhai No. 1\" research ship. The ship is equipped with a large number of sensors and monitoring equipment that can monitor and collect data in real time on the marine environment, weather conditions, and the status of the ship.