## Appendix A  
In Appendix A are presented Tables A1-A5, reporting the Independent \(t\)-test, Mann-Whitney U-test, paired \(t\)-test, Wilcoxon Signed- \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \
\begin{tabular}{c} **Task** \\ **Condition** \\ \end{tabular} & **Group** & **Mean** & **SD** &
\begin{tabular}{c} **Std. Error** \\ **Mean** \\ \end{tabular} & \(t\) & \(p\) & **Decision** \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Condition 1} & Health & 93.95 & 1.05 & 0.24 & \multirow{2}{*}{2.159} & \multirow{2}{*}{0.041 *} & \multirow{2}{*}{Reject} \\ \cline{2-3} \cline{5-8}  & knee OA & 92.63 & 2.44 & 0.56 & & & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Condition 2} & Health & 89.46 & 2.10 & 0.48 & \multirow{3}{*}{0.503} & \multirow{3}{*}{0.619} & \multirow{3}{*}{Not Reject} \\ \cline{2-3} \cline{5-8}  & knee OA & 89.02 & 3.18 & 0.73 & & & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Condition 3} & Health & 91.53 & 2.03 & 0.47 & \multirow{3}{*}{1.264} & \multirow{3}{*}{0.219} & \multirow{3}{*}{Not Reject} \\ \cline{2-3} \cline{5-8}  & knee OA & 89.77 & 5.69 & 1.31 & & & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Condition 5} & Health & 62.32 & 8.87 & 2.03 & \multirow{3}{*}{1.983} & \multirow{3}{*}{0.057} & \multirow{3}{*}{Not Reject} \\ \cline{2-3} \cline{5-8}  & knee OA & 54.49 & 14.74 & 3.38 & & & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Condition 6} & Health & 66.86 & 9.55 & 2.19 & \multirow{3}{*}{1.274} & \multirow{3}{*}{0.211} & \multirow{3}{*}{Not Reject} \\ \cline{2-3} \cline{5-8}  & knee OA & 61.32 & 16.38 & 3.76 & & & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{EQ Comp} & Health & 77.58 & 4.71 & 1.08 & \multirow{3}{*}{2.015} & \multirow{3}{*}{0.054} & \multirow{3}{*}{Not Reject} \\ \cline{2-3} \cline{5-8}  & knee OA & 72.58 & 9.75 & 2.24 & & & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{SOM} & Health & 95.22 & 1.93 & 0.44 & \multirow{3}{*}{\(-1.102\)} & \multirow{3}{*}{0.279} & \multirow{3}{*}{Not Reject} \\ \cline{2-3} \cline{5-8}  & knee OA & 96.12 & 2.97 & 0.68 & & & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{VEST} & Health & 66.34 & 9.46 & 2.17 & \multirow{3}{*}{1.833} & \multirow{3}{*}{0.077} & \multirow{3}{*}{Not Reject} \\ \cline{2-3} \cline{5-8}  & knee OA & 58.74 & 15.40 & 3.53 & & & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{PMAN} & Health & 76.18 & 8.11 & 1.86 & \multirow{3}{*}{1.862} & \multirow{3}{*}{0.073} & \multirow{3}{*}{Not Reject} \\ \cline{2-3} \cline{5-8}  & knee OA & 69.22 & 14.15 & 3.25 & & & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{M\_BACK} & Health & 131.84 & 12.82 & 2.94 & \multirow{3}{*}{\(-1.787\)} & \multirow{3}{*}{0.082} & \multirow{3}{*}{Not Reject} \\ \cline{2-3} \cline{5-8}  & knee OA & 140.79 & 17.66 & 4.05 & & & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{L\_BACK} & Health & 131.32 & 8.47 & 1.94 & \multirow{3}{*}{0.140} & \multirow{3}{*}{0.890} & \multirow{3}{*}{Not Reject} \\ \cline{2-3} \cline{5-8}  & knee OA & 130.63 & 19.52 & 4.48 & & & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{M\_FWD} & Health & 128.16 & 16.35 & 3.75 & \multirow{3}{*}{\(-2.093\)} & \multirow{3}{*}{0.043 *} & \multirow{3}{*}{Reject} \\ \cline{2-3} \cline{5-8}  & knee OA & 138.68 & 14.61 & 3.35 & & & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{L\_FWD} & Health & 130.79 & 8.54 & 1.96 & \multirow{3}{*}{\(-1.378\)} & \multirow{3}{*}{0.177} & \multirow{3}{*}{Not Reject} \\ \cline{2-3} \cline{5-8}  & knee OA & 136.05 & 14.30 & 3.28 & & & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{latency} & Health & 130.39 & 9.36 & 2.15 & \multirow{3}{*}{\(-1.960\)} & \multirow{3}{*}{0.058} & \multirow{3}{*}{Not Reject} \\ \cline{2-3} \cline{5-8}  & knee OA & 137.32 & 12.22 & 2.80 & & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}  
* Statistically significant mean difference (\(p<0.05\)).  
\end{table} 
Table 10: Comparison between knee OA group and health knee group with textured insoles. (Null hypothesis: both knee OA and healthy knee group with textured insoles will have the same scores from balance tests.)