## 1 Introduction  
In connection with the goals of the European Union, the greenhouse gas emissions in Germany must be reduced by 55% and 80% until 2030 and 2050 [1], respectively. To accomplish these goals, the energy efficiency of buildings and vehicles must be substantially increased, where the main task of buildings and vehicles is to guarantee a thermally comfortable indoor climate to the occupants. Here, the sectors trade, commerce and services contribute to more than 15% of the final energy consumption in Germany, where more than 50% of their energy consumption is used for heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) [2]. About a quarter of their energy consumption can be attributed to office buildings, in which more than 70% of the final energy consumption is used for HVAC systems [2]. A reduction of the energy consumption used for the climatization of buildings is counteracted by the wish of occupants for a thermally comfortable indoor climate. Here, it is known that an improved indoor climate can substantially enhance the productivity and health of occupants in buildings and vehicles [3,4]. According to [PERSON] et al. [5], the ambient air temperature is interrelated with productivity. Even though, [PERSON] and [PERSON] [6] could not confirm this observation, they found a correlation between thermal sensation and productivity. [PERSON] et al. [7] showed an improvement of the thermal indoor climate in tropical regions using preconditioned air from the outside. The researchers state that even though additional energy is required for the preconditioning of air, it is economically reasonable to follow this approach, because the resulting energy overhead can be easily compensated by the resulting performance and health improvements. Here, the researchers state that an increased building ventilation rate enhances health and productivity of the occupants especially at indoor temperatures above 24.5\({}^{\circ}\)C. Furthermore, [PERSON] et al. [7] state that the energy consumption and corresponding costs for providing a minimum building ventilation rate of 25 L s\({}^{-1}\) at an indoor temperature of 28 \({}^{\circ}\)C is very low compared to the annual salaries in Singapore. Labor costs are one of the most important cost factors during the life cycle of an office building. Therefore, investments in the performance improvement of the staff pays rapidly [8]. Personal environmental control (PEC) improves the quality of the thermal climate directly in the area of an individual. It is moreover economically reasonable due to both, the higher productivity of the occupants and the enhancement of the standardized temperature corridor related to HVAC, which is specified in DIN EN ISO 7730 [9]. In contrast to the building, there is no legal regulation concerning the determination of the energy demand of the vehicle air-conditioning. Therefore, the economical and comfort-related factors of vehicles are not comparable [10]. For a reasonable energy consumption forecast of the air-conditioning system of a vehicle detailed, vehicle-specific information about the average driving profile, climatic boundary conditions and the driving behavior is required [10]. Based on an average outdoor climate/driving profile calculated on the base of the new European driving cycle (NEFZ), [PERSON] et al. [10] calculated the additional average annual energy consumption of an air-conditioning system as 0.5 L/100 km. This result is representative for systems that use convective heating for the conditioning of an entire vehicle cabin of cars with conventional combustion engines and ambient temperatures of 22 \({}^{\circ}\)C.  
Vehicles with combustion engines are superior to currently available electric driven vehicles regarding their driving range [11]. Some high-cost electric vehicles have a high battery capacity and a driving range above 400 km, which of course depends on the local environmental weather conditions. However, the used accumulators are heavy and compared to the driving range expensive [11].