esa-sceva/satcom-chunk-collection huggingface dataset:
###### Abstract  
Background: Generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP) is a rare, severe inflammatory skin disease characterized by recurrent episodes of flares. Characteristics of patients experiencing a flare are hardly described in a real-life setting. The aim of the study is to investigate the clinical characteristics of patients experiencing a flare of GPP. Methods: Multicenter retrospective observational study on consecutive patients experiencing a flare of GPP between 2018 and 2022. Disease severity and quality of life were assessed by Generalized Pustular Soriasis Area, Body Surface Area (BSA), and Severity Index (GPPASI), and Dermatology life quality index (DLQI) questionnaire, respectively. Visual analogue scale (VAS) of itch and pain, triggers, complications, comorbidities, pharmacological therapies, and outcome were collected. Results: A total of 66 patients, 45 (68.2%) females, mean age \(8.1\pm 14.9\) years, were included. The GPPASI, BSA, and DLQI were 22.9 \(\pm\) 13.5 (mean \(\pm\) standard deviation), 47.9 \(\pm\) 29.1, and 21.0 \(\pm\) 5.0, respectively. The VAS of itch and pain were 6.2 \(\pm\) 3.3 and 6.2 \(\pm\) 3.0, respectively. Fever (\(\gamma\)8 \({}^{\circ}\)C) and leukocytosis (WBC \(>\) 12 \(\times\) 10\({}^{9}\)/L) were found in 26 (39.4%) and 39 (59.1%) patients, respectively. Precipitating triggers were identified in 24 (36.3%) and included infections (15.9%), drugs (10.6%), stressful life events (7.6%), and corticosteroids withdrawal (3.0%). Fourteen (21.2%) patients were hospitalized because of complications including infections in 9 (13.6%)leading to death in one case and hepatitists in 3 (4.5%). Conclusions: GPP flares can be severe and cause severe pain and itch with significant impact on the quality of life. In about one-third of patients the flare may have a persistent course and, with complications, lead to hospitalization.  
Keywords:generalized pustular psoriasis; flare; psoriasis +
Footnote †: journal: Journal of Experimental Biology
## 4 The Proposed Scheme HFECS
### Cluster Formation
In this case, CHs should wait for time period \(t\) so that more sensory data are available. After forwarding the aggregated data packets to BS, CH calculates the link connectivity with all of its CM as given in Equation (14),  
\[L_{V_{CH}V_{CM(i)}}= \begin{array}{c}max\\ V_{CM}\in S_{j}\end{array} \left\{\alpha TF_{V_{CH}V_{CM(i)}}+\ \beta R_{E,V_{CH}V_{CM(i)}}+\ \gamma S/N_{V_{CH}V_{CM(i)}}+\ \sigma D_{toBS(CH)}+\ \delta N_{support(CH)}\right\} \tag{14}\]  
where \(TF_{V_{CH}V_{CM(i)}}\) is the time-frequency parameter between \(V_{CH}\) and \(V_{CM(j)}\), \(R_{E,V_{CH}V_{CM(j)}}\) is the residual energy of \(V_{CH}\) and \(V_{CM(j)}\), \(S/N_{V_{CH}V_{CM(j)}}\) is the link quality factor between \(V_{CH}\) and \(V_{CM(j)}\), \(D_{toBS(CH)}\) is the distance to the BS from \(V_{CH}\) and \(N_{support(CH)}\) is the number of sensor nodes supported by \(V_{CH}\). In this paper, the decision about the next CH is based on the link connectivity information of current CH and CMs. For each \(V_{CM(i)}\) in CM_set, we compare the link connectivity \(L_{V_{CH}V_{CM(j)}}\) with that of \(L_{V_{CM(i)}V_{CM(j)}}(i\
eq j)\). If \(L_{V_{CH}V_{CM(j)}}>\ L_{V_{CM(i)}V_{CM(j)}}\), we add \(V_{CH}\) in CH_Election_Procedure set \(\zeta\) but if \(L_{V_{CH}V_{CM(j)}}<\ L_{V_{CM(i)}V_{CM(j)}}\), then we add \(V_{CM(i)}\) to CH_Election_Procedure set \(\zeta\). If the current \(V_{CH}\) is the only sensor node in CH_Election_Procedure set \(\zeta\), then current \(V_{CH}\) will be the new \(V_{CH}\) for next round \(C_{R+1}\) but if there is only one sensor node in the CH_Election_Procedure set \(\zeta\) and \(V_{CH}\ \
otin\ \zeta\), then the sensor node \(V_{CM}\) present in \(\zeta\) will be the new \(V_{CH}\) for the next round \(C_{R+1}\). However, if sensor nodes present in \(\zeta\) are more than 1, then the current CH executes the CH election procedure using hesitant fuzzy entropy and selects the \(V_{CM}\) based on highest \((\alpha_{\sigma(i)}>D_{Fi})\) criteria. Subsequently, the current CH sends the CH_Election_Set message to the new CH. Upon receiving the CH_Election_Set message, the new CH needs to multicast the CH_announce message to its CMs in order to advertise its role as a potential CH. The pseudocode for CH task execution is given in Algorithm 4.
# DNCL: Hybrid DOA Estimation and NMDS Cooperative Multi-Target Localization for RFID
## 5 Experiment and Result Analysis
### Key Parameters Selection
#### 5.2.2 Interrogation Interval  
The interrogation interval refers to the distance among two consecutively sampled positions of the mobile antenna, and it is also the array element spacing of the virtual antenna array in DOA estimation. As mentioned in Section 4 above, a larger interval will lead to 'pseudo-peaks' in the spatial spectrum of the DOA estimation due to the influence of phase periodic ambiguity. When the element spacing of the array is small, the spatial spectrum beamwidth gradually decreases as the array element spacing increases, and the resolution rises. However, as the interrogation interval increases and the number of phase sampling points decreases, the localization accuracy may be affected. To accurately assess the performance of our proposed method under various sampling cases of dense and sparse sampling, we used AMC4030-software control rail to adjust the displacement interval of the reader antenna from 2 cm to 10 cm. The localization error for each experiment is shown in Figure 8. It can be clearly seen that the scheme performs best when the interrogation interval is set at 4 cm.
## 6 Results and Discussion
### Effectiveness Analysis Using the Arithmetic Mean  
Comparison of the Pearson and Spearman correlations of the designed ABC-ROA-based privacy preservation system among various heuristic algorithms is shown in Figure 7. The sum of the numerical values of each observation divided by the total number of observations is known as the arithmetic mean. From the analysis, the developed ABC-ROA-based privacy preservation achieves secured data transfer when dataset 3 shows a low value. Regarding the spearman correlation value in dataset 2, the developed ABC-ROA-based privacy preservation model has high arithmetic means of 40%, 20%, 20%, and 34.4%, better than HHO, EF-HHO, BCO, and ROA. As a result, the designed ABC-ROA-based privacy preservation system over the Ethereum network shows higher effectiveness than other heuristic algorithms.
###### Abstract  
Urban sprawl is a particular pattern of the street network and land use. The relationship between street networks and sprawl has been discussed by urban scholars in developed and high-income countries. Nevertheless, there is a lack of research on the relationships between street connectivity and urban travel behavior, particularly among emerging markets. This paper aims to study correlations between urban mobility and street-length density as an indicator for assessing the compactness of an area by developing two hierarchical regression models and controlling for socioeconomic variables in two large Pakistani cities: Lahore and Rawalpindi. Moreover, this paper defines optimal cutoff values for street-length density and active transport. Finally, three chi-square tests were conducted to assess the differences between using different mode choices by people living in sprawled neighborhoods versus compact neighborhoods. Our findings confirm the use of different transport modes depending on the purpose of the trip (commuting or non-commuting), length of trip (within or outside the neighborhood), and starting point (sprawled neighborhood or compact area). We also find a positive correlation between street-length density around homes and commuting distance, the frequency of public transport use, and the use of private motor vehicles in commuting trips in the two cities. Street-length density around workplaces is correlated with commuting distance, the frequency of public transport use, and the use of private motor vehicles when socioeconomic variables (including age, daily activity, and monthly income) are controlled for in the two models. The behavior of Pakistani residents changes with a street-length density of 137 and 144.7 m/m2 for homes and workplaces, respectively, in terms of using active mobility.  
street-length density; street connectivity; sprawling pattern; travel behavior; active mobility; Pakistan +
Footnote †: journal: Applied Sciences
## 2 Preliminary Knowledge and a Description of the Issue  
### Graph Theory  
This article utilizes directed sign graphs \(\mathcal{G}=\{\mathcal{V},\mathcal{E},\mathcal{A}\}\). The symbolic graph \(\mathcal{G}=\{\mathcal{V},\mathcal{E},\mathcal{A}\}\) represents the \(N\)-agent communication topology. Here, the node set \(\mathcal{V}=\{\mathcal{V}_{1},\mathcal{V}_{2},\ldots,\mathcal{V}_{N}\}\), the edge set \(\mathcal{E}\subseteq\mathcal{V}\times\mathcal{V}\) and the adjacency matrix \(\mathcal{A}=(a_{ij})\in\mathbb{R}^{N\times N}\)The self-loop assumption states that there are no self-loops in the topology of the network, specifically, \(a_{ii}=0\) for \(i=1,\ldots,N\). The following definition applies to the Laplacian matrix \(\mathcal{L}=(l_{ij})\in\mathbb{R}^{N\times N}\): \(l_{ii}=\sum_{j=1,j\
eq i}^{N}|a_{ij}|\) and \(l_{ij}=-a_{ij}\) for \((i\
eq j)\). If there is a path connecting any two different nodes in the graph, it is said that the graph \(\mathcal{G}\) is totally linked. The expression \((i,j)\)\(\in E\) indicates that agent \(i\) can receive information from agent \(j\). If the directed symbolic graph \(\mathcal{G}\) contains a root node that can reach all other nodes, the directed spanning tree is said to be present.  
**Assumption 1**: _Structure-wise, \(\mathcal{G}\) is a balanced directed sign graph._
# Sensor Fusion Architecture for Fault Diagnosis with a Predefined-Time Observer
## 2 Sensor Fusion Architecture
### Sensor Fusion Architecture
#### 2.1.4 Voter  
Finally, a voter selects the output of the sensor fusion architecture. This is depicted as the min operation in Figure 1. In this case, it selects the signals \(\tilde{\Sigma}=\tilde{\Sigma}^{f_{i}}\) and \(\bar{x}=\bar{x}^{f_{i}}\), corresponding to the signal \(\tilde{\Sigma}^{f_{i}}\) with the lowest variance.
## 1 Introduction
Nevertheless, challenges still exist for data-driven-based pavement crack detection:  
* Data are the basis of deep learning algorithms, but there are not enough publicly available pavement datasets, and even models trained on publicly available datasets with only a few hundred images are not guaranteed to be effective. * Building datasets is a time- and resource-consuming task. * There is no efficient and practical detection method for pavement cracks and sealed cracks. The crack detection system proposed in this study was designed to address these problems. In a real-world scenario, the low practicality and inefficiency of pavement inspection systems are difficult problems for road maintenance departments. Research institutions and companies in many countries have developed automated road condition monitoring vehicles that automatically detect road damage at normal traffic flow speeds while a large number of road images are collected using CCD or CMOS sensors mounted on the rear of the vehicle. The use of an efficient and practical system to process this enormous amount of data and detect cracks and sealed cracks within them was the focus of this study. The contributions of this study are as follows:  
1. A publicly available dataset of pavement cracks and sealed cracks, collected by an automated road condition monitoring vehicle, is created and labeled;
2. For the features of highway asphalt pavement images, a dense and redundant crack annotation method is proposed, which provides more object instances and more accurate object positioning than traditional big-block annotation;
3. In order to quickly implement the inspection system and reduce labor costs, a semi-automatic crack annotation method is proposed, which reduces the creation time of the dataset by 80% compared with fully manual annotation;In our dataset, 13 currently popular object detection models are compared, and the YOLOv5 family of models are considered to be efficient and accurate. The results prove that our proposed annotation method is effective. The paper's structure comprises five sections, complemented by the current Introduction. Section 2 presents related work in the field of crack detection in recent years. Details of our newly developed dataset are presented in Section 3. Section 4 describes the specific experimental settings. Section 5 illustrates the results, including a detailed comparison of different models and a discussion. Section 6 concludes the study.
## 4 Discussion
### Cardiovascular Response  
HR is an important indicator of the cardiac system state. It can be measured through the ECG, by determining the distance in time between two QRS complexes [51]. This parameter can indicate abnormalities in the electrical activity of the heart, specifically in its rhythm [24]. For instance, when the time between two consecutive beats is too long, this may indicate bradycardia; when it is too short, tachycardia, conditions that may be associated with underlying disease [52]. In addition to being an indicator of disease, HR is used in exercise recommendations. By determining a target HR, the intensity of exercise can be controlled [53].  
HRV reflects the balance between the parasympathetic and sympathetic branches of the autonomic nervous system, the regulatory function of the respiratory sinus arrhythmia on HR, and baroreceptor sensitivity (regulation of blood pressure) [32]. The sympathetic activity increases in response to stressful situations and exercise, whereas parasympathetic activation is dominant in resting conditions, maintaining and conserving energy and regulating basic body functions. Specifically, sympathetic stimulation increases HR and force of contraction, while parasympathetic stimulation does the opposite [54]. Therefore, the parasympathetic branch dominates at rest and moderate exercise, giving way to increased HRV [55].  
Diminished HRV has been previously linked to fatigue [56], disease [57], and increased mortality [58]. Moreover, fast paced tasks lead to lower decision flexibility, a condition previously connected to higher blood pressure [7]. Furthermore, in a previous study, faster repetitions of lower body resistance training (with time under tension matched with effort) provoked higher volume load, cardiovascular and metabolic strain, and perceived exertion [59]. Workers at H3 experience significant reductions in HRV, pointing to increased cardiovascular stress and potential fatigue, likely due to having the most frequent tasks, i.e., shorter cycles.  
The ER score generally agrees with the physiological response. Low-risk tasks have a smaller cardiac load than both moderate- and moderate-high-risk tasks. The last two are distinguished by HRV, since the first ones present a significant reduction in SDRRi throughout the recordings. A possible explanation for this reduction only in high-moderate tasks is that they rely on a long time with arm movements above the head, a work posture that has been associated with considerable circulatory load [60]. The fact that moderate and moderate-high ranks can be discriminated by this metric opens the possibility of better quantifying and separating the intermediate zones of the EAWS score.  
Furthermore, it is expected that when HR increases, HRV decreases and vice-versa [61]. Despite that, in the H3 workstation and moderate-high-risk activities, HR is maintained, whereas its variability decreases.
# Speech Inpainting Based on Multi-Layer Long Short-Term Memory Networks
## 3 Proposed Speech Inpainting Methods and Model Architecture
### Hyperparameter Optimisation
#### 3.5.2 Dropout Rate  
In our study, five dropout rates were chosen for fine-tuning: 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5. The average MOSs of the inpainting performance under different dropout rates and gap lengths are shown in Table 3. It can be observed that across all NB and WB scenarios, the optimal dropout rate was 0.4.
## 3 Results
### Economic Optimum Systems of the Five Cases
#### 3.1.2 Energy Balance of the Economic Optimum Systems
Although in hybrid systems this energy could come on demand from a manageable source (the diesel sense), in PV systems it was required to increase the power of the PV generator, which means that there was excess of energy the rest of the time. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Case** & **Battery Type** & **Energy Cycled (kWh)** & **Excess Energy (kWh)** \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Winery} & Lead-acid & 24,801 & 79,101 \\  & Li-ion & 23,199 & 68,080 \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Irrigation pumping} & Lead-acid & 11,312 & 122,509 \\  & Li-ion & 1769 & 133,489 \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Pig farm} & Lead-acid & 103,249 & 159,843 \\  & Li-ion & 102,120 & 151,833 \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Single-family home} & Lead-acid & 3078 & 6983 \\  & Li-ion & 2877 & 7366 \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Second home} & Lead-acid & 820 & 4833 \\  & Li-ion & 840 & 4866 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 9: Energy cycled and excess energy in economic optimum hybrid systems. Figure 7: Differences in battery capacity and cycled energy in the economic optimum systems with Li-ion in relation to lead-acid battery: (**a**) PV systems; (**b**) hybrid systems.
## 4 Conclusions  
Cold atmospheric pressure plasma (CAPP) technology, which is a fast-growing research area due to interdisciplinary cooperation between specialists in various research areas, such as physics, chemistry, biology, medicine, agriculture, etc. Plasma technology operating at atmospheric pressure and near room temperature attracts attention because of its time- and cost-effectivity (no need for vacuum systems) and its ability to process heat sensitive materials (e.g., polymers, plastics, cells, living tissue, food). Furthermore, as a dry process, it is significantly more environmentally friendly than the traditional wet chemistry processes. The environmental benefits of CAPP technology comprise its nontoxic nature, reduced application of chemicals, and a significant reduction in water and energy consumption.  
Plasma treatment provides an efficient way to improve various surface properties (wettability, adhesion, etc.) without altering the desired bulk characteristics of the material. Furthermore, CAPP can effectively inactivate various pathogens (e.g., bacteria, fungi, viruses, prions) on/in foods, medical devices, etc. CAPP can also be utilized in agriculture for enhancing seed germination, seed decontamination, plant disease control, water cleaning, etc. Plasma in medicine holds great promise for various therapeutic treatments (disinfection, dermatology, oncology, dentistry). The efficiency of the plasma treatment depends on the experimental conditions (reactor design, electrode configuration, feeding gas, operating conditions, substrate type, etc.). However, there is a need to fully understand and evaluate the benefits and risks of cold plasma treatment, taking into consideration economic, consumer, environmental and social aspects. It can be concluded that CAPP has a wide range of possible applications in medicine, agriculture and food industry and is expected to become omnipresent in almost all major industries in the foreseeable future.  
Writing--original draft preparation, M.D.; writing--review and editing, M.D., P.T., J.T. and P.D. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
This work was supported by the Technical University in Prague, project No. SGS19/141/OHK1/37/11.  
Not applicable.  
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
## 2 Study Area  
### Study Area Setting  
The Huangdeng Hydropower Station is situated in the upper reaches of the Lancang River in Lanping County, Yunnan Province, China, marking the sixth stage in the cascade development of the Lancang River from Quzika to Huangdeng (Figure 1). The Huangdeng Hydropower Station commenced operations with its first unit in June 2018, and the reservoir was impounded to its normal water level of 1619 m on 17 August 2018, with project completion in February 2019. The distribution of reservoir water levels and precipitation from January 2018 to April 2020 is depicted in Figure 2.  
Dozens of ancient landslides are scattered along both banks of the river in this area. The Cheyiping ancient landslide, the subject of this study, is located on the left bank of the Lancang River, approximately 39 km downstream from the dam site of the Huangdeng Hydropower Station along the river road, representing a typical ancient landslide (Figure 3).  
This landslide exhibits an overall planar profile that landslides eastward to the west, resembling a long \"tongue\". The landslide is characterized by well-developed gullies, including three notably deep-cut gullies: 1# Gully (dry), 2# Gully (dry), and 3# Gully (perennial flow). The upstream boundary of the landslide extends from the steep bank on the right side of 2# Gully to the head of 1# Gully, and then to the ridge on the right side of Gully 1. The downstream boundary of the landslide mostly follows the course of 3# Gully. Both the upper and lower parts of the landslide exhibit distinct steep cuts, with heights ranging from approximately 1.5 m to 3 m, and display prominent shear cracks with varyingwidths of 15 cm to 30 cm, locally exceeding 50 cm. The rear boundary is delineated by the exposed rock and soil interface of a sloping rock face, with an elevation of approximately 2290 m, and a steep wall height of about 20 m to 25 m. The steep wall displays large-scale joints with an orientation of N25\({}^{\circ}\) W and a dip angle of NE \(<\)80\({}^{\circ}\) to \(<\)85\({}^{\circ}\). The landslide is approximately 450 m to 800 m wide in the north-south direction and about 1300 m long in the east-west direction. The distribution of the landslide body ranges in elevation from 1540 m to 2265 m, with a deposit thickness ranging from 23.8 m to 63.98 m. The exposed area of the landslide body is approximately 0.8 km\({}^{2}\), with an estimated volume of about 2000 \(\times\) 10\({}^{4}\) m\({}^{3}\), categorizing it as a large landslide.  
Figure 1: The study area.  
Figure 2: Reservoir water level and rainfall conditions in Huangdeng Reservoir.
## 3 Results
### Regional GPP, ET, WUE and E/ET in China  
According to the model simulations performed at the regional scale, GPP and ET exhibit similar spatial patterns in China (Figure 5). Ecosystems with high GPP and ET were mainly distributed in southern and eastern China, where forest and cropland are the dominant ecosystem types. Ecosystems with low GPP and ET were mainly distributed in northern and western China (including the Tibetan Plateau), where grassland is the dominant ecosystem type. The average ET of the ecosystems in China in 2000 to 2010 was 408.7 mm\(\cdot\)year\({}^{-1}\). Similarly, the mean value of GPP was 809 g\(\cdot\)C\(\cdot\)m\({}^{-2}\cdot\)year\({}^{-1}\), WUE was 1.68 g\(\cdot\)C\(\cdot\)mm\({}^{-1}\cdot\)H\({}_{2}\)O and E/ET was 55%. Spatially, WUE was high in the southern and eastern areas, where forest and cropland are the major ecosystem types, but low in the northern and western areas, where grassland is the dominant ecosystem type. For E/ET, however, the spatial pattern was the opposite.  
Figure 4: Comparisons of the yearly values of modeled GPP (**a**); and ET (**b**) with observations from EC systems for ecosystems in China (\(n=49\)). The sites used for model parameterization (Table 1) are not included in the illustration.