## 6 Conclusions and Future Work  
Spaceborne hyperspectral remote sensing is an emerging area for monitoring aquatic systems, which requires a significant amount of investigation and development in terms of both methods and applications. In this study, we examined a physics-based approach for inversion of water quality parameters from the newly available hyperspectral PRISMA imagery at a turbid lake. In this context, we conducted preliminary analyses on the quality and consistency of \(R_{rs}\) and water quality products derived from PRISMA level 2D compared to those derived from Sentinel-2 images. The cross-sensor comparison of \(R_{rs}\) data showed strong agreement at different wavelengths. The cross-sensor comparison of \(R_{rs}\) data and \(g_{dd}\) values suggested underestimation of path radiance for PRISMA data. The consistency analyses revealed strong agreements between synthesized Sentinel-2 imagery (PRISMA resampled) and those of PRISMA in terms of all the three types of retrieved constituents, i.e., TSM, Chl-a, and CDOM. However, the TSM products showed stronger agreement than Chl-a and CDOM. Comparing the PRISMA-derived products with those of Sentinel-2, the agreements slightly dropped for Chl-a and CDOM. This can be attributed to the differences in the atmospheric corrections of PRISMA and Sentinel-2 imagery. However, other factors such as the one-day time gap between the two satellitesoverpasses can, to some extent, contribute to these slight disagreements. The consistency of water quality products derived from PRISMA level 2D and Sentinel-2 is in line with the findings of the recent study [58] that demonstrated a high consistency between TOA radiance observed by the two sensors. Thus, we demonstrated the high potential of PRISMA level 2D imagery in deriving in-water constituents in a turbid lake based upon physics-based inversion modeling. We performed the physics-based inversion using level 2D products of PRISMA which are atmospherically corrected. However, the atmospheric correction is not developed for aquatic applications. In this context, relatively large artifacts are compensated through the physics-based inversion. The development of accurate atmospheric correction methods for processing PRISMA imagery in the context of aquatic-oriented applications, particularly with leveraging the SWIR bands [63], requires specific attention in future studies. Our analyses as first experiments in processing PRISMA imagery demonstrated the high potential of this new source of spaceborne hyperspectral data in retrieving water quality parameters, though retrieval of CDOM appeared challenging. Additional studies are required to further examine the PRISMA data in the estimation of standard bio-optical properties in different aquatic environments particularly in optically shallow waters which is not addressed in this study. In future studies, the impact of noise reduction on hyperspectral PRISMA data can be investigated as a pre-processing step before applying the inversion. Moreover, the extraction of high-level products, such as the phytoplankton species and functional types, can potentially benefit from the fine and continuous spectral information offered by PRISMA. Future studies can be conducted in this direction to unlock the new opportunities of PRISMA data which can be expandable to the upcoming hyperspectral satellite missions as well. Conceptualization, M.N.-J., F.B. and L.B. ; methodology, M.N.-J. ; software, M.N.-J. ; validation, M.N.-J. ; normalisation, M.N.-J. ; investigation, M.N.-J. ; resources, M.N.-J., F.B. and L.B. ; data curation, M.N.-J. ; writing--original draft preparation, M.N.-J. ; writing--review and editing, M.N.-J., F.B. and L.B. ; visualization, M.N.J. ; supervision, F.B. and L.B. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. This research received no external funding. Project carried out using PRISMA Products (c) of the Italian Space Agency (ASI), delivered under an ASI License to use.