## 3 Results and Discussion
The lack of toxic effects or genotoxicity of purslane has been previously reported for aqueous extracts of aerial plant parts, indicating they are safe for edible purposes [74], while moderate toxic effects were suggested for solvent extracts against human lung (K562 and A549) and breast (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-435) cancer cell lines [75], nasopharyngeal cancer (CNE-1), colon cancer (HT-29), and cervical cancer (HeLa). The abovementioned reports refer to aerial plant parts (stems and leaves), while the work of [PERSON] et al. [76] suggested significant cytotoxic and anti-proliferative effects of purslane seed extracts or seed oil against HeLa and A549 cell lines. According to [PERSON] et al. [76] purslane seed oil may exert significant in vitro cytotoxic effects against cell lines of human liver (HepG2) and human lung cancer (A-549). Moreover, [PERSON] suggested that the anticancer activities of seed oils could be attributed to polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially a group of conjugated isomers of linoleic acid [5]. The antibacterial properties of the tested oils are presented in Table 3. A varied effectiveness was recorded against the tested bacteria depending on the oil source. In particular, all the oils exhibited high bactericidal and growth inhibitory effects against _S. aureus_ and _M. flavus_ with MIC and MBC similar to E211 and E224 (positive controls), respectively (except for linseed oil 2 and purslane oil, which showed the lowest activity in the case of _S. aureus_ and _M. flavus_, respectively). Moreover, all the tested oils were similarly or more effective than E224 against _B. cereus_, while E211 was the most effective. Linseed oil 2 and luffa oil recorded MIC values similar to E224 against _E. cloace_, while (with the \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c c} \hline \hline  & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Cytotoxicity to Non-Tumor Cell Lines**} & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**Cytotoxicity to Tumor Cell Lines**} \\ \cline{2-6}
**Seed Oil** & **PLP2** & **HeLa** & **HepG2** & **MCF-7** & **NCI-H460** \\  & **(Porcine Liver Primary Culture)** & **(Cervical** & **(Hepatocellular** & **(Breast** & **(Non-Small Cell** \\  & **Carcinoma)** & **Carcinoma)** & **Carcinoma)** & **Lung Cancer)** \\ \hline Linseed oil 1 & 301 \(\pm\) 23a & 291\(\pm\)27b & \(>\)400 & \(>\)400 & 369 \(\pm\) 33a \\ Linseed oil 2 & \(>\)400 & \(>\)400 & \(>\)400 & \(>\)400 & \(>\)400 \\ Linseed oil 3 & \(>\)400 & \(>\)400 & \(>\)400 & \(>\)400 & \(>\)400 \\ Luffa oil & 215 \(\pm\) 17c & 189 \(\pm\) 17c & \(>\)400 & \(>\)400 & 136 \(\pm\) 12b \\ Purslane oil & \(>\)400 & 307 \(\pm\) 12a & \(>\)400 & \(>\)400 & \(>\)400 \\ Pumpkin oil & 259 \(\pm\) 21b & 270 \(\pm\) 25b & \(>\)400 & \(>\)400 & \(>\)400 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} GI\({}_{50}\) values correspond to the sample concentration responsible for 50% inhibition of growth in a primary culture of liver cells-PLP2 or in human tumor cell lines or. GI\({}_{50}\) values for Ellipticine (positive control): 3 \(\mu\)g/mL (PLP2), 1.0 \(\mu\)g/mL (MCF-7), 1.0 \(\mu\)g/mL (NCI-H460), 2.0 \(\mu\)g/mL (HeLa) and 1.0 \(\mu\)g/mL (HepG2). In each row, different letters mean statistical differences among samples.  
\end{table} 
Table 2: Cytotoxicity and antitumor activity of the studied vegetable oils (GI\({}_{50}\) values \(\mu\)g/mL). exception of purslane oil) the rest of the tested oils were more effective than the other positive control (E211). Regarding _S. typhimurium_, the tested oils (except for linseed oil 2 and purslane oil) were similarly effective to positive controls, apart from E224 which recorded the lowest MBC values. Finally, linseed oil 3 and pumpkin oil showed higher effectiveness against _E. coli_ than the rest of the oils and similar to E224. The antibacterial activities of flaxseed oil are well documented and variable effects have been suggested against bacteria, such as methicillin resistant _S. aureus_ (MRSA), methicillin sensitive _S. aureus_ (MSSA), _K. pneumoniae_ and _S. epidermidis_, whereas no effectiveness against _E. coli_ and _E. faecalis_ was observed [77].