### Related Works, Research Gaps, and Motivations  
In recent years, a substantial amount of research has focused on addressing the energy limitations in IoT networks through innovative energy harvesting solutions. Several studies have explored different techniques and architectures to enhance the energy efficiency and sustainability of IoT devices [17]. [PERSON] et al. [18] conducted a comprehensive review of energy harvesting techniques for IoT systems, emphasizing the role of harvesting ambient energy to extend device lifetimes and reduce network maintenance costs. [PERSON] et al. [19] further explored various energy harvesting mechanisms such as mechanical, wind, and radiofrequency sources while discussing the role of power management integrated circuits (PMICs) in improving the lifespan and efficiency of IoT devices. [PERSON] et al. [20] reviewed architectural designs for energy harvesting in IoT networks, highlighting the importance of scavenging energy from the environment to reduce the dependence on batteries and ensure long-term, scalable IoT deployments. [PERSON] et al. [21] analyzed wireless energy harvesting (WEH) as a promising solution, presenting its potential for simple and scalable implementation in IoT systems. Additionally, [PERSON] et al. [22] proposed a power management framework for kinetic energy harvesting in IoT devices, demonstrating significant improvements in harvested power and transmission efficiency. Recently, [PERSON] et al. [23] focused on the advancements of flexible perovskite photovoltaics (f-PPVs) for indoor energy harvesting, emphasizing their potential for self-powered IoT applications in eco-friendly environments. These studies collectively highlight the critical role of energy harvesting in overcoming the energy constraints of IoT networks and ensuring sustainable, long-term operation. Despite the advancements in energy harvesting technologies, IoT devices still face significant challenges in efficiently capturing and utilizing ambient energy sources. The unpredictable nature of these energy sources, such as solar, thermal, or RF signals, leads to inconsistent energy availability, which can limit the operational reliability of IoT devices. Additionally, the low power output of most energy harvesting techniques means that many IoT devices cannot sustain continuous operation, especially those with higher energy demands for data transmission and processing. These limitations highlight the need for innovative energy harvesting solutions that not only maximize the energy captured from ambient sources but also optimize how that energy is used within IoT systems. Another key challenge in batteryless IoT devices is the limited transmission range [24; 25]. Thesedevices often rely on minimal energy harvested from ambient sources, which restricts the power available for signal transmission. As a result, the effective communication range is shortened, making it difficult for devices to maintain reliable connections over long distances. Additionally, low spectral efficiency in IoT receivers further compounds this problem. Spectral efficiency refers to the ability of a communication system to use bandwidth efficiently for data transmission. In many IoT devices, energy constraints lead to simpler, less efficient modulation schemes, which reduce the amount of data that can be transmitted over a given frequency band. This combination of limited transmission range and low spectral efficiency poses significant barriers to the scalability and performance of batteryless IoT networks. To overcome these challenges, reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) have emerged as a promising solution [26; 27; 28; 29]. RIS technology consists of surfaces embedded with a large number of passive reflecting elements that can dynamically adjust their phase shifts to control the propagation of electromagnetic waves.