## 3 Proposed VANET
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Methodology** & **Description** & **Benefits** & **Applications** & **Limitations** \\ \hline Petri nets & Petri nets are graphical & & In 5G networks, Petri & \\  & and mathematical & It provides a visual and & nets can model and & It can become \\  & modeling tools used to & formal representation of & analyze the & complex and \\  & describe and analyze & system dynamics, making & synchronization and & difficult to manage \\  & the flow of information & identifying and resolving & resource sharing between & as the system size \\  & in systems with & bottlenecks easier. & different network & increases. \\  & concurrent processes. & & components. & \\ \hline  & FTA is a top-down, & Helps identify critical & FTA can be used to & \\  & deductive failure & components whose failure & model the probability of & Requires detailed \\  & analysis that focuses on & would have significant & different failure scenarios & knowledge of the \\  & identifying the root & impacts, thus guiding & in 5G infrastructure, & system architecture \\  & causes of & redundancy and & helping to design more & and failure modes. \\  & system failures. & maintenance planning. & resilient systems. & \\ \hline  & SRNs are extensions of & & In the context of 5G & The complexity of \\  & Petri nets (a & SRNs allow for a detailed & networks, SRNs can be & SRNs can lead to \\  & place/transition net) & and flexible representation of & used to assess system & significant \\  & that incorporate & system behavior, capturing & reliability and availability & computational \\ nets (SRNs) & stochastic timing and & both the probabilistic nature & by modeling different & overhead, \\  & reward structures to & of events and their rewards & states of network & especially for \\  & model and evaluate & (or penalties). & components and their & large-scale 5G \\  & complex systems. & & failure/recovery & networks. \\  & & & processes. & \\ \hline  & Monte Carlo simulation & & Monte Carlo simulations & Requires significant \\  & uses random sampling & Offers flexibility and can & can evaluate the & computational \\  & and statistical modeling & model complex systems that & performance and & resources \\ simulation & to estimate the & are difficult to analyze using & reliability of 5G networks & and careful \\  & behavior of a system. & traditional methods. & under various scenarios & interpretation \\  & & and uncertainties. & of results. \\ \hline  & & & MUGFs can be applied to & Developing \\  & MUGFs provide a & MUGFs offer a compact and & model the availability of & accurate MUGF \\  & powerful framework & efficient way to represent & 5G infrastructure by & models requires a \\  & universal & for analyzing the & and compute the & evaluating the combined & deep \\  & performance and & performance distribution of & impact of multiple & understanding of \\ functions (MUGFs) & reliability of multi-state & complex systems, making & performance measures, & the system's \\  & systems. & them suitable for & such as bandwidth, & operational \\  & high-dimensional problems. & latency, and reliability, in & characteristics and \\  & & a unified manner. & dependencies. \\ \hline  & & G/G/m queuing & G/G/m models provide a & \\  & models generalize & flexible approach to & These models are & \\  & traditional queuing & analyzing the performance of & particularly useful for the & \\  & theory by allowing for & network nodes under & characterization of & \\  & arbitrary arrival and & realistic traffic conditions, & latency in 5G networks, & \\  & service time & enabling the identification of & where traffic patterns can & \\  & distributions with & bottlenecks and optimization & be highly variable and & or simulations. \\  & multiple servers (m). & opportunities. & & unpredictable. \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Most common methodologies that are particularly useful in addressing performance and availability challenges in designing 5G infrastructures [30; 31; 32; 33].