# Advances, Progress, and Future Directions of Renewable Wind Energy in Brazil (2000-2025-2050)
###### Abstract  
Brazil has emerged as one of the global leaders in adopting renewable energy, standing out in the implementation of onshore wind energy and, more recently, in the development of future offshore wind energy projects. Onshore wind energy has experienced exponential growth in the last decade, positioning Brazil as one of the countries with the largest installed capacity in the world by 2023, with 30 GW. Wind farms are mainly concentrated in the northeast region, where winds are constant and powerful, enabling efficient and cost-competitive generation. Although in its early stages, offshore wind energy presents significant potential of 1228 GW due to Brazil's extensive coastline, which exceeds 7000 km. Offshore wind projects promise greater generating capacity and stability, as offshore winds are more constant than onshore winds. However, their development faces challenges such as high initial costs, environmental impacts on marine ecosystems, and the need for specialized infrastructure. From a sustainability perspective, this article discusses that both types of wind energy are key to Brazil's energy transition. They reduce dependence on fossil fuels, generate green jobs, and foster technological innovation. However, it is crucial to implement policies that foster synergy with green hydrogen production and minimize socio-environmental impacts, such as impacts on local communities and biodiversity. Finally, the article concludes that by 2050, Brazil is expected to consolidate its leadership in renewable energy by integrating advanced technologies, such as larger, more efficient turbines, energy storage systems, and green hydrogen production. The combination of onshore and offshore wind energy and other renewable sources could position the country as a global model for a clean, sustainable, and resilient energy mix. renewable energy; onshore wind energy; offshore wind energy; wind farm; green hydrogen; sustainability +
Footnote †: journal: Applied sciences  
0000-0002-2050-2050-2050-2050-2050-2050-2050-2050-2050-2050-2050-2050-2050-2050-2050-2050-2050-2050-2050-2050-2050-2050-2050-20500-2050-2050 consolidating and expanding its clean energy capacity to maintain its leadership in this area and align its economic development with the principles of sustainability, which integrate environmental protection, social equity, and inclusive economic growth [6; 7]. The Brazilian energy mix is unique worldwide due to its high renewable component, which exceeds 80% of electricity generation, driven primarily by hydroelectricity. However, this model, although clean in terms of emissions, has faced criticism for its socio-environmental impacts, such as the alteration of river ecosystems and the displacement of traditional communities [8; 9]. In this context, diversification toward other renewable sources, such as wind, solar, and bioenergy, presents an opportunity to reduce these impacts and strengthen the resilience of the national energy system. Brazil has exceptional potential in these areas: its extensive coastline and semi-arid regions offer ideal conditions for wind power generation, while its solar irradiation is one of the highest on the planet, positioning it as a key player in the global energy transition [10]. In addition to its natural potential, Brazil has made significant progress in implementing public policies and regulatory frameworks that encourage investment in renewable energy [11]. Programs such as wind and solar energy auctions, tax incentives, and the promotion of research and development have allowed the country to become one of the world leaders in wind power generation, with wind farms supplying millions of homes. Likewise, bioenergy, especially from sugarcane, has established Brazil as a leader in the production of biofuels, such as ethanol, which has significantly reduced emissions from the transportation sector [12]. However, the transition to a more sustainable energy model is challenging.