esa-sceva/satcom-chunk-collection huggingface dataset:
## 2 Literature Review
Many scholars claim that industrial collaborative agglomeration has the ability to accomplish the sustainable growth of green innovation ([PERSON], 2010; [PERSON], 2011; [PERSON], 2011) because it can bring about multiple effects, such as the industrial linkage effect, scale effect, and spillover effect, that play a valuable role in advancing the level of green innovation. In addition, the collaborative agglomeration of industries narrows the spatial distance of industrial integration, which is conducive to knowledge sharing and communication between industries ([PERSON], 2010; [PERSON], 2011; [PERSON], 2011; [PERSON], 2011). As a result, the level of joint innovation and production efficiency will be improved, helping to continuously encourage the growth of green technology innovation. Meanwhile, in the context of the rapid extension of high-speed rail, scholars have deeply explored the influence of high-speed rail on industrial agglomeration. As stated by traditional Location Theory and New Economic Geography, both the costs of transportation and allocation of resources play crucial parts in affecting industrial distribution [33; 34]. On this basis, most empirical research illustrates how high-speed rail affects industrial agglomeration from the perspectives of market accessibility [35; 36], knowledge spillover [37; 38], and resource allocation [39]. Most researchers hold the view that there is a positive correlation between high-speed rail and industrial agglomerations in the three fields of manufacturing, high-tech industries, and producer services [40; 41; 42]. However, the authors of some studies do not believe that high-speed rail always has agglomeration effects, pointing out that the influences of high-speed rail on different regions and different economic sectors are varied [40; 43]. The aforementioned literature offers a vital basis and ideas for this study, but there are many shortcomings. First of all, most of the existing literature only examines the internal connection between high-speed rail and traditional technological innovation, but research on high-speed rail and green technology innovation is lacking. Secondly, the relevant literature only explains the correlation between high-speed rail and green innovation efficiency from the perspective of the development of innovation factors, but further exploration of the internal mechanism of high-speed rail and green technology innovation is lacking. Additionally, researchers have not yet conducted an empirical evaluation of the role of industrial collaborative agglomeration in the correlation between high-speed rail and green technology innovation. Therefore, built on the hypotheses of New Economic Geography and agglomeration economy, it is reasonable to investigate the mediating role of industrial collaborative agglomeration between high-speed rail and green technology innovation.
## 4 Results and Discussion
### Low-Temperature Splitting Test and Low-Temperature Beam Bending Test Results  
The low-temperature splitting test results are shown in Figure 9. The \(\mathrm{S_{T}}\) value of OGFC, SBS-OGFC and SM-OGFC were found to be 2.74, 3.87 and 3.71. Furthermore, the \(\mathrm{S_{T}}\) value of SM-OGFC was 35.4% higher than OGFC, and almost equaled to SBS-OGFC. The higher \(\mathrm{S_{T}}\) value indicates that the mixture has better resistance against pressure, horizontal and shear stress induced from the loading in the low-temperature environment. It can be seen that SM-OGFC showed better low-temperature mechanical performance in comparison with OGFC. Moreover, The RSM predicated the \(\mathrm{S_{T}}\) value of the optimal SM-OGFC to 3.75, the measured \(\mathrm{S_{T}}\) value of SM-OGFC is 3.71, and the difference between the two is 0.8%, indicating that the RSM has high prediction in predicting the mechanical properties of SM-OGFC at low temperature.  
Table 10 shows the \(-10\)\({}^{\circ}\)C beam bending test results of three OGFC samples. As seen, the \(\mathrm{R_{B}}\) value of SBS-OGFC and SM-OGFC was notably higher than OGFC. However, there are different reasons for the improvement. The main reason for the increase of \(\mathrm{R_{B}}\) value of SBS-OGFC relative to OGFC is, due to the effective modification effect of SBS. The SBS modifier enhances the adhesion and cohesion of asphalt binder, which consequently contribute to the capacity of mixture to bear dynamic loads at low temperature. The main reason for the increase of \(\mathrm{R_{B}}\) value of SM-OGFC is that the OSW with porous structure absorbs the light weight component with less molecular weight of the asphalt, enhances the bond between the asphalt mortar and the aggregate, and improves the mechanical structure of OGFC. In winter, the greater the stiffness modulus of the material, the weaker the stress relaxation performance, the more brittle the material will be, and the more likely the material to produce shrinkage cracks. Therefore, in order to make the OGFC have good low-temperature crack resistance, a smaller bending stiffness modulus is expected. SM-OGFC has the smallest \(\mathrm{S_{B}}\) of the three mixes. The most probable reason for this phenomenon is that the low-temperature bending failure process of the specimen is caused by the tensile failure caused by the internal stress, so the adhesion between the OGFC skeletons mainly play a key role to prevent the damage, while, the added OSW adsorbed asphalt binder to form the OSW-asphalt cement with greater stiffness, and the firm structural asphalt coating on the coarse aggregate enhances the adhesion between the skeletons.  
Figure 8: Dynamic stability for all OGFC mixtures.  
Figure 9: \(-15\)\({}^{\circ}\)C Splitting strength for all OGFC mixtures.
## 4 Results and Analysis
### Influence of Ground Stress on Fracture Propagation
#### 4.2.1 Effect of Vertical Ground Stress
This discrepancy can be attributed to partial fluid loss, estimated at around 0.06 m\({}^{3}\) at the 60 s interval. Therefore, taking into account the effect of fluid loss, the actual volume within the fractures is less than the theoretical value. The following observations can be made from the changes in the fracture growth morphology and fracture volume with time under different vertical ground stresses in Cases 1 and 2: When the vertical ground stress is low, as in Case 1, in the initial phase, the natural fractures significantly influence the expansion of the hydraulic fractures. The hydraulic fracture closest to the natural fracture experiences a faster expansion, gradually approaching the natural fracture, and the natural fracture is opened after intersecting with the natural fracture. When the vertical ground stress of the reservoir is high, as in Case 2, the main factor controlling the hydraulic fracture propagation is the vertical ground stress of the reservoir. The hydraulic fracture of the injection well located in the middle expands at a higher rate, gradually reaching the natural fracture and eventually passing through it once they have merged.
## 3 D-MSR Protocol Stack Architecture
### Upper Data Link Sub-Layer (Resource Reservation Layer)
#### 3.2.1 Neighbor Connection Manager Module  
TSCH does not describe how the communication links should be constructed to enable initial communication of a node with a particular neighbor. However, the next upper layer (network layer) that resides on top of TSCH, assumes that nodes are capable of communicating with all their neighbors. In response, the _neighbor connection manager_ (in the upper data link sub-layer) defines the initial communication links (one Tx-link and one Rx-link) between each device and its neighbors. This can be done by adding new links and superframes in the link table and superframe tables. The relation between the _neighbor connection manager_ and communication tables in the lower data link sub-layer is shown in Figure 5(b).  
In order to establish the initial communication links between neighboring nodes, they need to agree to communicate in a particular interference-free cell. To this end, a handshaking mechanism is needed between the new device and each of its neighbors to choose the common unused cell (_i.e._, timeslot number and channel offset). The details of handshaking mechanism are discussed in Section 4.2.
# A Novel Maneuver-Based Driving Envelope Generation Approach for Driving Safety Assessment
## 3 The Driving Envelope for Candidate Driving Maneuvers
### The Driving Envelope Considering Collision Avoidance with Obstacles  
Given the initial vehicle state, the longitudinal acceleration \(a_{lon}\), the maximum lateral acceleration \(a_{lat,max}\) and the target lateral position \(y_{target}\), the minimum longitudinal safe distances for avoiding static obstacle and dynamic vehicles have been deduced in Section 2.3.  
Figure 11: The reachable set with different initial curvature \(\kappa_{0}\). (**a**) \(\kappa_{0}>0\). (**b**) \(\kappa_{0}=0\). (**c**) \(\kappa_{0}<0\)  
Figure 12: The reachable-set area and the driving envelope considering road boundary.  
As shown in Figure 13, the path \(\tau_{outside}\) represents the boundary path of the driving envelope to arrive at the outermost safe lateral position, discussed in Section 3.2. Path \(\tau_{evasive}\) represents the boundary path of the evasive maneuver to arrive at the innermost left lateral safe position. If the longitudinal position of the host vehicle is in range \([x_{min,safe},x_{max,safe}]\), we can get the trajectory \(\tau_{evasive}\) which follows the evasive motion model, choosing the innermost safe lateral position as the target lateral position, and reaching the critical position defined in Section 2.3. If a dynamic front vehicle is driving forward, the extreme situation is defined as 13b,c,d. The \(\tau_{evasive}\) is considered as the most extreme trajectory that avoids collision with obstacles. The area \(R_{s}\) under the constraint of steering limitation and road boundary has been obtained in Section 3.2. If no safe trajectory exists which meets both obstacle avoidance safety constraints and the steering limitation, the driving envelope does not exist. The driving envelope for evasive maneuver of a static obstacle is shown in Figure 13a. The driving envelope for lane-change maneuver is shown in Figure 13b.c. The driving envelope for lane-change abortion is shown in Figure 13d, the boundary path \(\tau_{evasive}\) is composed of three parts, adjusting the lateral velocity to zero, following the direction of road, then performing evasive maneuver to arrive at the critical position.
## 3 Simulation Setup  
The simulation setup for 16-QAM OFDM signals over a photonic terahertz-over-fiber system at 400 GHz is given in Figure 5.  
At the transmitting end, two external cavity lasers (ECLs) with 100 kHz linewidth, operating at 1552 nm and 1555 nm, respectively, generate two continuous waves at frequencies of 192.9 THz and 193.3 THz, respectively. A probability-shaped baseband OFDM signal using the LUT-PS technique is generated with the parameter \(\mu=1/9\), resulting in a signal entropy of 3.66 bits/symbol. A total of 65,536 OFDM symbols modulated with 100 data subcarriers using a 16-QAM format are produced by a 128-point IFFT module. In order to compensate for the intersymbol interference (ISI), a cyclic prefix of length 16 was added. The real and imaginary parts of the baseband OFDM signal are used to drive the IQ modulator, which modulates the optical carrier provided by ECL1 operating at 1552 nm with an output power of 11.8 dBm. To ensure the signal achieves sufficient intensity, it is processed through a pair of electrical amplifiers (EA) a gain of 25 dB prior to being loaded into the I/Q modulator. Then, the optical signal from ECL2, operating at 1555 nm with an  
Figure 4: Training and testing results of RBFNN.  
Figure 5: Simulation Setup of the 400 GHz OFDM photonic terahertz communication system.  
output power of 9.5 dBm, is coupled with the output of the IQ modulator using an optical coupler (OC). After that, the PS-16 QAM OFDM signal is delivered to the erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFA) across a 10-km SSMF fiber link. Subsequently, an attenuator (ATT) is used to control the input optical power of a uni-traveling-carrier photodiode (UTC-PD), converting the optical signal into a 400 GHz electrical signal through heterodyne beating.  
At the receiving end, the terahertz signal is downconverted to the intermediate frequency (IF) domain after being mixed with the signal generated by the local oscillators (LO). The signal is then captured and stored by a digital storage oscilloscope (DSO) for subsequent digital signal processing. In digital signal processing, we use RBFNN to compensate for nonlinear distortion and demap the shaped signal back to a uniform distribution. To strengthen the network's ability to generalize, a term that refers to the ability of the network to maintain good predictive performance when processing unseen data, we set the number of neurons in the hidden layer to 32 after iterative adjustment, with training conducted over 2000 iterations. A learning rate of 0.1 was used to guarantee that the weight updates were neither too fast nor too slow.
# Autonomous Mutual Authentication Protocol in the Edge Networks
###### Abstract  
A distinct security protocol is necessary for the exponential growth in intelligent edge devices. In particular, the autonomous devices need to address significant security concern to function smoothly in the high market demand. Nevertheless, exponential increase in the connected devices has made cloud networks more complex and suffer from information processing delay. Therefore, the goal of this work is to design a novel server-less mutual authentication protocol for the edge networks. The aim is to demonstrate an autonomous mutual authentication amongst the connected smart devices within the edge networks. The solution addresses applications of autonomous cars, smart things, and Internet of Things (IoT) devices in the edge or wireless sensor networks (WSN), etc. In this paper, the design proposes use of a public-key system, octet-based balanced-tree transitions, challenge-response mechanism, device unique ID (UID), pseudo-random number generator (PRNG), time-stamps, and event specific session keys. Ultimately, server-less design requires less infrastructure and avoids several types of network-based communication attacks, e.g., impersonating, Man in the middle (MITM), IoT-DDOS, etc. Additionally, the system overhead is eliminated by no secret key requirements. The results provide sufficient evidence about the protocol market competitiveness and demonstrate better benchmark comparison results.  
authentication protocol; autonomous systems; security; secure edge networks; resource-constrained devices +
Footnote †: journal:  
00 2022  
Authentication Protocol in the Edge Networks Networks _Sensors_**2022**, 22, 7632. [[https://doi.org/10.3390/s22197632](https://doi.org/10.3390/s22197632)]([https://doi.org/10.3390/s22197632](https://doi.org/10.3390/s22197632))
## 4 Encrypted SFC Architecture  
In this section, we describe the architectural components and the network topology for enabling encrypted and isolated VLs. This work follows the design guidelines from our previous work [3] where we presented an architecture consisting of a tiered structure of data plane and control plane components.  
This architectural section summarises this work and focuses on the implementation-specific elements of the design. The main objective of the design is to structure a layered networking architecture into a data centre environment. Specifically, this includes a design of interconnected Compute Node components that are capable of forwarding encrypted SFC packets by the use of two layers of NSH headers. Accordingly, we have provided three data plane components running on the Compute Nodes (Figure 3); a new Service Function Forwarder (SFF), a new Encryption Function (EF) and a new forwarding framework for the Service Functions (SF). These components are based on the programmable switch language P4 [9]. Figure 3 shows that these data plane components also have their corresponding control plane units, following the Software-Defined Networking paradigm of centralised control and network programmability. We used a micro-service design principle and implemented each of these components as Virtual Machines (VMs). According to our previous work [3], we used RESTConf web services to exchange messages between these components.  
The following subsections discuss the functionalities of these data plane components (Sections 4.2, 4.4 and 4.6), the infrastructure that they are connected to (Section 4.1) and the control plane units they interact with (Sections 4.3, 4.5 and 4.7).
# Detail Guided Multilateral Segmentation Network for Real-Time Semantic Segmentation
## 5 Conclusions  
The detail guided multilateral segmentation network proposed in this paper constructs trilateral parallel paths to fully retain the low-level detail information and high-level semantic information and designs a three-path feature fusion scheme to further optimize the network structure. The ablation experiments of Cityscapes verify the effectiveness of the proposed structure and analyze the segmentation accuracy of a single category.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Method** & **Resolution** & **Device** & **FPS** & **mIoU (\%)** \\ \hline ENet [18] & 720 \(\times\) 960 & Titan X & 61.2 & 51.3 \\ ESPNet [29] & 720 \(\times\) 960 & Titan X & 219.8 & 55.6 \\ ICNet [5] & 720 \(\times\) 960 & Maxwell TitanX & 34.5 & 67.1 \\ ERFNet [30] & 720 \(\times\) 960 & Titan X & 139.1 & 67.7 \\ DABNet [32] & 360 \(\times\) 480 & GTX 1080 Ti & 146 & 66.4 \\ BiSenNetV1 [6] & 720 \(\times\) 960 & Titan XP & 116.3 & 68.7 \\ AGLNet [31] & 720 \(\times\) 960 & GTX 1080 Ti & 90.1 & 69.4 \\ DSANet [34] & 360 \(\times\) 480 & GTX 1080 Ti & 75.3 & 69.93 \\ CAS [41] & 720 \(\times\) 960 & Titan XP & 169 & 71.2 \\ TinyHMSeg [40] & 720 \(\times\) 960 & GTX 1080 Ti & 278.5 & 71.8 \\ GAS [21] & 720 \(\times\) 960 & Titan XP & 153.1 & 72.8 \\ BiSeNet v2 [7] & 360\(\times\)480 & GTX 1080 Ti & 124.5 & 72.4 \\ STDC2-Seg [8] & 720 \(\times\) 960 & GTX 1080 Ti & 152.2 & 73.9 \\ \hline DGMNet & 720 \(\times\) 960 & GTX 2080 Ti & 121.4 & 74.8 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 5: Comparisons with other state-of-the-art methods on CamVid.  
Figure 7: The visualization results of DGMNet on the Cityscapes test dataset.  
The analysis results show that the proposed method has superior performance in the segmentation of thin and small objects. Through a comparative analysis of a number of parameters, GFLOPs and FFS, it is proved that DGMNet improves computational efficiency while ensuring segmentation accuracy. The experimental results show that our proposed algorithm achieves a good balance between segmentation speed and accuracy and is competitive with other advanced networks.  
Methodology, Q.J.; software, Q.J.; validation, J.D., T.R. and F.S.; investigation, R.H. and Y.D.; resources, T.R.; writing--original draft preparation, Q.J.; writing--review and editing, J.D. and F.S.; visualization, R.H. and H.Z. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
This research was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant number: 61671470) and the China National Key Research and Development Program (grant number: 2016 YFC0802904).  
The data presented in this study are available on request from the corresponding author. The data are not publicly available due to restrictions privacy.  
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
## 11 Future Directions and Opportunities
### Integration into Local Circular Economy Models  
The growing interest in sustainability within the wine industry highlights the increasing consensus that circular economy solutions are essential for achieving the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). By implementing circular economy strategies,wine production processes can improve both environmental and economic sustainability. Key components of these strategies include waste valorization and industrial symbiosis.  
However, a gap exists between theoretical sustainability strategies and their practical implementation in the wine industry. This gap can be attributed to several factors, including the substantial investments of time, resources, and technology required, financial constraints faced by smaller producers, a lack of knowledge, and difficulties in coordinating practices throughout the entire supply chain.  
The review by [PERSON] et al. [20] identifies two main thematic areas: (i) Attitudes towards sustainability in the wine industry include drivers and barriers to adopting sustainable practices, the development of circular business models, the integration of technologies, and performance indicators. Drivers include internal values, stakeholder expectations, marketing, innovation, and competitiveness. Consumers are increasingly willing to pay more for sustainably produced wines. (ii) Wine waste valorization focuses on transforming by-products into valuable resources. This includes bioenergy from grape marc and cheese whey, biorefineries, and the extraction of bioactives from vine pruning. Other applications include grape seed oil for packaging and anthocyanins for food, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. Wine waste can also be processed into compost and organic fertilizer for functional foods.  
Practical applications include integrating grape residues into consumer products, new extraction methods, and innovations such as WineLeather and antioxidant-rich asphalt. Economic and environmental benefits include reduced disposal costs and new revenue streams. Future research should explore technologies in vineyards, partnerships for by-product exchange, waste prevention, and the evaluation of sustainability through cost-benefit and life cycle analyses.
# Efficient Implementation of Polymer Microwave Fiber Links Employing Non-Galvanic Coupling Mechanism
## 2 PMF Overview
### PMF Electrical Performance Simulation Results
Waves that propagate with a propagation constant similar to that of the cladding material have a field distribution mainly confined to the covering. Any disturbance in this field can cause the mode to transform locally into a radiating one, resulting in additional losses. An important scenario where these radiation losses occur is during bending, especially at lower frequencies (modes with lower propagation constants), as illustrated in Figure 6. Increasing the frequency enhances the guiding behavior of the PMF. In instances where small radii are involved in an application, the losses incurred during bending should be accounted for in the communication system's link budget. Figure 5: Simulation results in terms of the PMF attenuation and group delay, including the delta of the group delay (group delay variation or GDV). Figure 6: Simulation results in terms of the field distribution of a 90 deg bent PMF at 100 GHz and 140 GHz. Following the investigation of the PMFs' propagation performance, we conducted additional simulations to investigate the effect of the metal coating or shielding of the PMF. In this context, the metal coating could be used to enable the electromagnetic isolation of the PMF from the surrounding environment, while keeping the propagating field confined to the PMF. However, a metal coating provides no benefit in a foam-cladded PMF since the cladding already shields the PMF core. On the other hand, if the foam cladding is bypassed and the PMF core is directly coated with metal, then the resulting waveguide is no longer a dielectric waveguide, as with the PMF, but a metallic waveguide with a polymer filling, which leads to much higher attenuation, as illustrated in Figure 7. Here, we simulated the hollow-core cylindrical PMF with a thin aluminum coating with a thickness of 700 nm, which is greater than the skin effect depth in the D-band (110-170 GHz).