## 7 Discussion
In Case 2, the monitoring algorithms could be used for detecting faults of PV systems for home use, especially anomalies occurring in the DC and AC outputs. The algorithms should be improved with modern techniques such as deep learning-driven models. In Case 3, the proposed implementation had a good monitoring system using IoT applications, remote access, detection and classification of faults, and power prediction. Case 4 presented a monitoring solution which is easier to implement, and the risk of device breakdown was smallest because the PV system proposed contained fewer electronic devices. A similar approach was presented in Case 9, but the monitoring system used another solution for transferring the data from the PV system to the cloud. The data transfer was not safe, as in Case 10, where the normal security offered by the IP, TCP/IP, and UDP/IP protocols was used. Additionally, Case 10 proposed a control system which plays an essential role during the PV system's operation mode. Case 5 presented a complex PV system implementation and monitoring which is fit for home use. In reality, people use a similar approach due to the PV system's implementation and remote monitoring system functions. The prediction function from Case 6 could be integrated easily in the monitoring system from Case 5. The smoothing method presented in Case 7 could be integrated into the PV systems presented in Case 1 and Case 5, where it could add better energy control and additional protection to the physical PV system, mitigating the intermittency of power generation. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l l l l} \hline \hline
**Ref.** & **Type of PV System** & **Remote Control** & **AI Techniques** & **Cybersecurity Measures** \\ \hline
[21] & stand-alone & x & & \\
[22] & on-grid & & x & \\
[24] & stand-alone & & x & \\
[26] & stand-alone, on-grid, hybrid & & & \\
[27] & Hybrid & & & low \\
[29] & stand-alone, on-grid, hybrid & & x & \\
[30] & on-grid, hybrid & & x & \\
[32] & stand-alone & x & & \\
[33] & stand-alone & x & & low \\
[35] & stand-alone, on-grid, hybrid & x & & low \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 6: Use-case implementations. More individual PV systems for home use could be connected into a micro-grid, as presented in Case 8, but it is very important how they are monitored and controlled from a distance. The main advantage was that a building with more sunlight could share its produced energy with other buildings which generated less energy due to shadowing conditions. A good photovoltaic system which could be integrated and operating in normal parameters in any location and meteorological conditions should contain the following aspects:  
* The system implementation as in Case 1. * A monitoring solution for detecting faults and anomalies of PV system, as in Case 2, and notifying the user when an unplanned event occurs. * A simple remote-monitoring solution which collects data in real-time (Case 9), and the user can easily access the collected data from PV system, as in Case 5. In addition, the supervision application should have functionalities to predict energy consumption, as in Case 6. * A good control system for energy storage (Case 8) and consumption (Case 7) which could take predefined actions in specific situations, especially in risky cases which potential damages. * Physical (Case 1) and digital security: similar to Case 9, which should be made better by using the HTTPS protocol, but also Case 10 proposed data transfer with the minimal security offered by Internet protocols. AI plays a crucial role in finding the right size of a PV system and tracking the values of parameters. AI techniques are able to quickly make decisions and dynamically adjust a solar system's parameters based on collected data in real-time and assure the system's operation in safe conditions. Another important aspect is that they could offer a good optimization of parameters during the solar system's operation based on real-time data collection or based on historical data, thus avoiding overloading or energy losses.