## 2 Related Work
However, using such deployment of the frame is risky and can be destroyed by earthquake and flooding. In [31], authors show that the throughput enhancement is not only necessary in UWSNs but also in terrestrial systems. The scheme works for many-media traffic using multiplexing in time and code. This framework does not involve any wired connection. Many nodes combine to form a cluster by using an algorithm called distributed clustering algorithm. The heads of all clusters operate as instructors and decision makers, making the decisions for data routing using channel alignment and power requirement. The framework eases time management for every node and improves the setting of codes and time. The setting of bandwidth use varies according to performance and actions. The standby algorithm performs well for maximizing the throughput and reducing the disconnections. However, this protocol is only applicable to wireless networks and has no arrangement for the wired backup, as is usually done. Tables 1 and 2 summarize the key findings of the protocols described in the Related Work Section. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{p{42.7 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt}} \hline \hline
**Protocol** & **Features** & **Advantages** & **Shortcomings** & **Reference** \\ \hline EACE & The protocol involves energy efficient and cooperative mechanisms. The best destination nodes are selected based on maximum residual energy and lowest depth. & The network lifetime is good and has maximum packet acceptance ratio. & As a result of cooperation, delay of the network increases and the nodes nearer the final destination nodes have higher death ratio. & [19] \\ \hline IAIEEDBR & The protocol selects the destination nodes based on depth, residual energy and number of hops. & Energy consumption is economical, network lifetime is improved and interference is reduced. & Network delay increases. Nodes closer to the final destination are used most often and thus die more quickly. & [20] \\ \hline EECOR & In this protocol, from the relay set, the best relay node is selected using Fuzzy logic. The destination nodes are chosen using depth and residual energy information. & It consumes less energy, minimizes the delay and increases the PDR. & There is no mechanism for checking if data packets are correct or erroneous. & [21] \\ \hline Coop & This algorithm is cooperation based. The depth and residual energy values are used to select the destination and relay nodes with their link with the source nodes and SNR. & This protocol is good in term of packet acceptance ratio. & The protocol is cooperation based, thus the delay increases. & [22] \\ \hline DEAC & Choosing the destination nodes requires information on three parameters: energy that resides in a node’s battery, depth and link quality. Depth threshold (Dth) focuses on alive nodes and varies according to it. & The packet acceptance ratio increases at the final destination. & It has high energy consumption. & [23] \\ \hline RBCRP & In this localization based protocol, the selection criteria of destination and relay nodes are depth, residual energy and SNR values. The RSSI is used to find the location of the nodes. & Packets dropped decreases, as does the error probability. & It increases the [16] consumption of energy. \\ \hline EEORS & The protocol is energy efficient and the optimal relay nodes have the depth zone from 400 to 600 m. The nodes in this range are relay nodes for lower zone nodes. & Economical utilization of energy. & A single sink & [24] \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Related Work Summary.