## 5 Medicinal Plants and Obesity
_Acacia arabica, Agrimonia euquadria, Aegle marmelose, Allium sativum, Allium cepa, Azadirachta indica, Aloe vera, Beta vulgaris, Benincasa hispida, Caesalpiniu bonducella, Coccinia indica, Citrullus colocnytthis, Eucalyptus globules, Ficus bengalenesis, Gymnema sylvestre, Hibiscus rossiensis, Ipomoae buttas, Jatropha curcus, Mangifera indica, Morus alba, Momorida charantia, Mucuna prativers, Octumn sanctum, Puncita granatum, Puccarpus marsupium, Syzigium cunini, Tinosporn cardiolia, and Trigorella feemun gracum are the most notable plants with antidiabetic potential in Indian traditional medicine with anti-obesity characteristics [194]. Dietary fruit intake was positively associated with _P53_ and _PTEN_ gene expression in visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues (SAT) obese participants [195]. Dandelion (_Taraxacum officinal_ (L.)) and luteolin may improve HDLcholesterol in obese rats fed a normal-fat diet [196]. The natural compound celastrol, a pentacyclic triterpene isolated from the roots of _Triptergium wilfordi_ (thunder god vine) plant shows different bioactivities including and antidiabetic and anti-obese impacts [197]. The impacts of taking the combination of _Zataria multiflora_ Boiss. (Zm) and oxymel may reduce insulin resistance and hip and wasit circumferences in overweight patients [198]. Dietary ginger controls body weight gain by inducing brownning of white adipose tissue (WAT) and remodeling whole-body energy metabolism [199]. _Coleus forskohli_ extract and _Garcinia indica_ extract increase energy expenditure through promotion of fatty acid \(\beta\)-oxidation, and attenuating the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes to attenuate obesity [200]. African walnuts reduced lipid accumulation in adipose and ectopic tissues in MSG-obese rats [201]. Red maple (_Acer rubrum_) leaves extract decreased diet-induced obesity without influencing energy intake, and its impacts are partially because of the modulation of gut flora [202]. Indian brown algae ( _Padina tetrastromatica_) is the major component for obesity management [203]. _Fagara tessmannii_ is a shrub of the African rainfores in the South-West, Center, South, and East provinces in Cameroon, regulating the loss of ectopic fat and other fatty tissues, the energy expenditure and the renovascular decompression, the sensitivity of the peripheric tissues to insulin, and promotes ion movement which prevents hypertension [204]. The ethanolic extracts of _Actaea racemosa_ L. have been proven as the best candidate for treatment of obesity and related diseases for further studies [205]. _Garcinia indica_ extract standardized for 20% Garcinol inhibited adipogenesisisin vitro3T3-L1 cells, decreased endoplasmic reticulum stress in adipocytes, alleviated visceral fat weight, and regulated obesity by acting on the AMPK-ER stress axis [206]. Chrysin is a flavonoid found in plant extracts from _Passiflora_ species, alleviated the body weight of rats, decreased calorie intake of rats, and the hypertrophy of adipocytes [207]. Application of licorice extract with a low-calorie diet can efficiently increase the lipid profile in overweight and obese subjects [208]. The anti-obesity activities of the essential oils of hedgentetles (_Stachys inflatana_, _S. Iwandulifolia_, and _S. byzantine_) have been reported [209]. Huang-Qi San (HQS), the traditional Chinese medicine, can ameliorate hyperlipidemia with obesity [210]. Meratrim formulation, yerba mate, spinach, brown beans, sorghum, psyllium, and rye showed evidence for suppressing appetite [211]. A combination of resistance training with 500 mL/g of glycyrrhizic acid supplement may be appropriate to decrease body weight and body fat percentage [212]. In Mexico, one of the common herbal products used for weightloss is based on soybean, green tea, and aceitilla [213]. Methylxanthines are nutraceuticals mainly present in tea, coffee, and chocolate, and the most well-known methylxanthines are theophylline, caffeine, and theophylline, which can contribute to weight loss, fat depletion, and inhibit adipogenesis and stimulate lipolysis [214].