## 2 Summary of Part One of the Companion Papers  
This study is part two of two companion papers. Part one [27] of the companion papers describes details of experiments of rock physical properties of uniaxial compressive strength (UCS), shore hardness, porosity, water absorption and P-wave velocities, and their changes with increasing freeze-thaw cycle. Two different types of rocks (dolomite from Location A and quartzite from Location B in Figure 1) were sampled in Ny-Alesund (11 deg54'41.23'' E, 78 deg55'31.65'' N) in the Svalbard Archipelago. Climate in summers is generally temperate due to the northward passage of the warm Gulf Stream; however, it has very cold weather in winters. Based on XRD results, rocks from Location A (approximately six kilometers from Ny-Alesund harbor to southeast direction) mainly consist of dolomite (44.5% by weight percentage), calcite (31.3%) and quartz (24.2%); while major minerals of rocks from Location B (approximately 8.7 km from Ny-Alesund harbor to northwest direction) are quartzite (95.3%) and dickite (4.7%). Triplicate tests were conducted for determination of UCS, shore hardness, porosity, water absorption and P-wave velocity. Details of sample sizes and sample preparation are explained in part one [27] of the companion papers. Properties of UCS, shore hardness, porosity, water absorption and P-wave velocity are obtained using the method proposed by ISRM [31]. The physical parameters of UCS, shore hardness, water absorption and P-wave velocity were examined under completely dried condition. Freeze-thaw cycles of temperature range of \(-25\pm 2\) degC\(-27\pm 2\) degC were applied for samples. The extent of weathering of rocks cannot be clearly distinguished based on differences in physical properties. Since rocks show changes in physical properties depending on differences in the extent of weathering [32; 33; 34], it is important to determine reference physical properties (or baseline properties). In freeze-thaw tests of rocks because differences in initial (or baseline; which means the state prior to applying freeze-thaw cycle experiments) mechanical properties can occur as a result of the distribution of micro fissures and joints that develop inside the rocks. In order to determine the durability of the rocks, it is essential to have quantitative data classifying the rocks by hardness and the extent of weathering. Representative research on these topics are the studies of ISRM [28] and [PERSON] [29]. ISRM [28] used UCS to classify rocks into the grades of R0-R6 (Table 1). Meanwhile, [PERSON] [29] suggested weathering grades to classify the extent of weathering based on P-wave velocity (Table 2). The rocks tested in this study were relatively very strong rocks or extremely strong rocks based on the classification proposed by ISRM [28] and the mean baseline rock UCSs from Locations A and B were 295 MPa and 226 MPa, respectively. Stress-controlled UCS tests were conducted with a stress rate of 0.5 MPa/s. When the rocks were graded using the baseline UCS, the rocks from Location A were classified as extremely strong rock (R6), while the rocks from Location B were classified as very strong rock (R5). The mean UCSs of rocks from Locations A and B after the  
Figure 1: Study area and locations of rock sample areas in Ny-Alesund (map reproduced figure [30]. 900-cycle freeze-thaw test were 256 MPa and 175 MPa, respectively. Based on the weathering grades proposed by [PERSON] [29], the baseline weathering grade for rocks from Location A was fresh (P-wave velocities \(\geq\)6000 m/s), with a mean P-wave velocity of 6136 m/s, while the baseline grade for rocks from Location B was slightly weathered (P-wave velocities \(\geq\)4000 m/s), with a mean P-wave velocity of 4231 m/s. The rock weathering grade results by [PERSON] [29] is different from those by [PERSON] and [PERSON] [35].