## 1 Introduction  
Vehicle accident reconstruction is a multidisciplinary field [1, 2] that often involves collaboration between engineers, forensic experts, and law enforcement personnel. The goal is to piece together a comprehensive and accurate understanding of traffic collision for safety and legal purposes. These techniques help investigators to determine factors such as the speed of vehicles, point of impact, and the sequence of events. Some common car accident reconstruction techniques comprise the following:  
* Immediately after the accident, police officers take measurements and photographs at the accident site using topography equipment or laser scanners. They help create accurate, scaled sketches of the accident. Photogrammetry [3] is a laboratory method that involves the analysis of images taken at the scene of the accident to create 3D models. These models can help determine vehicle positions, speeds, and impact angles. This is carried outby technical experts who have access to the data collected by the police at the scene of the accident. Likewise, in the first stage after the accident,thorough examinations of the vehicles involved are carried out to assess damage patterns, tire marks, and other types of physical evidence. This information helps determine the point of impact and the speed of the vehicles. The analysis is carried out by technical experts or forensic officers. * By studying skid marks, yaw marks [4], the scattering distance of the fragments [5], and other tire impressions, experts can analyze the acceleration, deceleration, and braking behavior of the vehicles involved. This is one of the oldest methods of accident reconstruction; it is usually conducted immediately after the traffic accident. * An exact method of accident reconstruction is carried out in research centers approved by manufacturers and various authorities in the field. Controlled crash tests using similar vehicles can help recreate and understand the collision in depth. These tests provide data that can be compared to the actual crash in order to validate reconstruction results, but they require expensive test facilities and precision equipment to measure and record the data. Computer software is used to create simulations based on the available evidence. This includes inputting data such as vehicle speeds, impact angles, travel conditions of traffic participants, acceleration, deceleration, as well as road conditions (adhesion) to model the collision and its consequences. Various software applications such as Madymo [6] and PC-Crash [7], with powerful databases of vehicles and their occupants, are used. Recent research has addressed equipping the vehicle with complex systems for active and passive safety [8], which records various data points before, during, and after an accident. For instance, this includes information about speed, brake status, throttle position, tire contact with the road, and so forth. Key data may be downloaded by specialized personnel from these \"black boxes\" in the event of an accident. In race cars, an important topic is crash analysis [9] in order to establish some characteristics like the car and human body deceleration during impact and human body forces on different body segments. Analyzing the forces in a seatbelt involves understanding the physics of restraint systems during a vehicle collision. Seatbelts play a crucial role in protecting occupants by distributing and managing the forces generated during a crash. In a collision, the seatbelt applies force to restrain the occupants and prevent them from continuing to move forward. During a collision, a vehicle undergoes rapid deceleration. Seatbelts are designed to slow down this deceleration experienced by occupants, spreading the forces over an extended period to reduce the risk of injury. Many modern seatbelts are equipped with load limiters. These devices allow for a controlled amount of webbing to spool out during a collision, reducing the peak forces applied to the occupant.