## 4 Taxonomy of MAC Protocols Based on Their Use of WuR Technology
### MAC Protocols without WuR
#### 4.1.1 Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA)-Based MAC Protocols for IBSN  
[PERSON] et al. [30] present an energy-efficient low duty-cycle MAC protocol that enables access to the physical layer for a hierarchical topology consisting of nodes communicating with master nodes, which in turn communicate with the monitoring station. The hierarchy removes the need for sensors to expend power by transmitting to the monitoring station. Also, the use of TDMA ensures collision-free transfer and minimization of idle-listening. The protocol is implemented using the ADF70 XXMBZ2 platform with ADF7020 RF transceivers, manufactured by Analog Devices, Inc., USA. Measurements reveal that the protocol is energy-efficient for streaming and short-burst data communications. A novel TDMA-based protocol for BSNs, called H-MAC, is presented in [34]. This protocol improves energy-efficiency by using the heartbeat rhythm to perform TDMA synchronization, avoiding energy consumption associated with transmitting time synchronization beacons. Power efficiency is also guaranteed in H-MAC as a TDMA-based protocol assigns time slots to each bio-sensor to guarantee collision-free transmission. Simulations show that H-MAC prolongs the network life of sensors dramatically. In [36], a TDMA-based MAC protocol called BodyMAC is proposed. Three types of bandwidth allocation schemes are devised to cope with different types of data communications, such as periodic data sensing and important event allocation. In conjunction with bandwidth allocation, a sleep mode mechanism is introduced, which turns off a node's radio during beacon, up-link and down-link periods, as much as possible. Simulation results show superior performance of BodyMAC compared to that of IEEE 802.15.4 MAC. [PERSON] et al. [27] introduce an adaptive TDMA-based MAC protocol called MedMAC. MedMAC incorporates a novel adaptive TDMA synchronization mechanism in which only a multi-superframe beacon has to be listened to by the nodes. An optional contention period is also available for low-grade data, emergency operation and network initialization procedures. Simulations show that MedMAC consumes less power than IEEE 802.15.4 for two classes of medical applications. In [69], a power efficient MAC protocol is proposed for WBANs. This work presented a traffic-based wake-up mechanism that utilizes the three categories of traffic patterns of the body sensor nodes, namely normal traffic, on-demand traffic and emergency traffic. The wake-up patterns of all body sensor nodes are organized into a table called traffic-based wake-up table. The table is maintained and modified by a network coordinator according to the application requirements. Based on the body sensor node's wake-up patterns, the network coordinator can also calculate its own wake-up pattern. During normal traffic, both the body sensor nodes and the network coordinator send data based on the traffic-based wake-up table. A MAC protocol for static BAN is introduced in [32]. A Master Node (MN) collects data from body nodes and communicates with a Monitoring Station (MS). Received data is analyzed by a MS while the on-body network coordination and synchronization is performed by a MN. Time slots \(S_{1}\) to \(S_{n}\) are allocated to sensor nodes while time slots \(R_{S1}\) to \(R_{S2}\) are reserved which are assigned when requested. The number of these extra time slots depends upon targeted packet drop, packet error rate and number of sensor nodes.