## 3 Results and Discussion
### Physicochemical Parameter Values for Acacia Honeys
Only one sample had a concentration higher than 5% (sample S58, Zone 1). Some of the analyzed samples had a sucrose content that proved to be under the detection limit of the method and device (0.02%). The results obtained in this study confirmed earlier studies [41; 44; 45; 46; 47]. The ANOVA analysis (the ratio between the variance produced by differences inside the groups and the variance produced by differences outside the group) shows that there are no statistic differences (\(p=0.3010>0.05\) and \(F=1.23174<F_{\text{crit}}\)) between the samples harvested from the three production zones. Matlose is an important disaccharide found in honey with determined values ranging between 1.3% [40], 1.9% [48] and 2.5% [49] or a medium value of 3.53% obtained by [PERSON] et al. [14] for acacia honey in Romania (Transylvania). It is generally found in nectar honey and particularly in acacia honey. The values obtained after analyzing the samples in this study varied between 0.68 and 4.16%. The ANOVA variance analysis shows that the value of p is lower than 0.05 (\(p=0.012177\)), but \(F\) is bigger than \(F_{\text{crit}}\). (\(F=4.848788\) and \(F_{\text{crit}}=3.195056\)). Consequently, the hypothesis fails because there are significant differences between the samples. Isomaltose is a disaccharide found in a relatively small quantity in honey, generally less than 1%. Depending on the carbohydrate determination method chosen (HPLC, GC or FTIR), but also on the botanical origin of honey, the quantity may differ, but remains low. The values obtained in the case of acacia honey varied between 0.14 and 0.79% and the mean value of the 50 samples was 0.39%. Similar values were obtained for the acacia honey in Italy [40], other acacia honeys in Romania [14] or the honey in Poland [49]. However, it was easy to observe that this disaccharide presented values two times higher for the samples collected in geographical Zone 1 (Figure 2B). The two other zones presented similar values, although geographically they are very different (Zone 2 being located on the south-west of the country, while Zone 3 represents the eastern part of the country). Turanose is a sugar found in small quantities in honey. The use of high performance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography or nuclear magnetic resonance, made it possible for this disaccharide to be found by different researchers in small quantities in Portuguese heather honey [50], in Polish nectar honey [49], in 5 types of Italian honey [51], in Hungarian acacia honey [52] and in Turkish nectar and honeydew honey [53]. Turanose was quantified between 0.38 and 2.77%, with an average of 2.08% in the acacia honey samples used in this study. These values are generally higher than the ones found by the aforementioned authors who have analyzed acacia honey, but similar to other honey types analyzed. Erlose is a trisaccharide found in honey in different quantities, in accordance with its botanical origin. The studies conducted at the APHIS Laboratory (USAMV Cluj-Napoca) have shown a rather high concentration of expose in acacia honey, compared to other honey types [41]. Although [PERSON] and [PERSON] [54] highlighted edge as a honey component since 1955, many researchers did not report this trisaccharide when using high performance liquid chromatography as a determination method [55; 49; 52]. The values obtained for the analyzed honey samples ranged between 0.09 and 3.19%. The glucidic spectrum analyzed by refractive index high performance liquid chromatography has shown the presence of seven saccharides specific to acacia honey. The samples fall between the limits established for this honey type, due to the high fructose content, \(>\)1.2 fructose/glucose (F/G) ratio, small sucrose content and higher than one maltose quantities [40; 42; 43]. In conclusion, the glucidic spectrum for acacia honey was established, and carbohydrate concentrations, especially fructose and F/G ratio, which show high values for this honey type.