## 4 Discussion
### Valuing and Using the Different Levels of Demand for Services

Table 6: Highest frequencies in the top three, five, and ten rankings of the factors in the five categories of demand (including ties). The demand for reconciliation and rights defense service is the lowest. Compared to other services, the frequency and quantity of demand for these issues was not high, and older people can obtain this sort of help through neighborhood committees, specialized law firms, or professional institutions [94; 95]. Therefore, it is not necessary for CECF to allocate professional personnel and dedicated spaces for these services. Nonetheless, a significant proportion of the demand for the 22 subcategories of services can be met through allocations in CECFs [96]. A first step should thus be to continue leveraging the service carrier function of CECFs, enhance their \"in station\" service capabilities and improve their door-to-door services. In particular, services with high demand levels identified in this study should be strengthened in terms of personnel and space to ensure adequate provision and avoid shortages [38]. For services with weak or no demand, however, further research should be conducted to understand the underlying reasons and appropriately reduce the supply for these services [97]. Furthermore, dynamic surveys should also be conducted to avoid fluctuations in future demand. In summary, elderly care services should be allocated based on elderly's demand for them [98]. Characteristics of the Built Environment Are Very Important in Influencing the Demands for Elderly Services  
The important factors in the built environment dimension of affecting the demand for elderly services are the characteristics of the CECF, fully demonstrated that exclusive elderly care resources are very important in the built environment of \"ageing in place\", which has not been found in previous studies. Studies that focused on the role of CECFs specifically have found that due to poor planning in core areas of large cities these facilities cannot meet the demands for services [61; 99]. For instance, irrational spatial distribution is the main reason for the imbalance in supply and demand for services in CECSs in Beijing, where it affects over 80% of CECSs [100]. The distribution of different types of CECFs is also unbalanced in the city, which has led to a deviation in the service capacity of facilities and resulted in service needs of the elderly remaining unmet [67]. Furthermore, there is a wide variation in the utilization of CECFs in most cities [101], as well as a general mismatch between supply and demand in terms of usage area [68]. These issues reflect a lack of adequate understanding of the demand of different types of older people during the layout process of CECFs. The importance of accessibility is more prominent among the characteristic factors of CECFs, such as mean distance from CECS to downtown landmark and nearest roads in this study, which is consistent with the results of previous studies [61; 102]. Moreover, the number of CECSs, the total area of CECSs, and area ratio of all CECSs to subdistrict, all reflect the coverage of CECSs, which itself has a certain impact on the fulfillment of demand for elderly services [100]. These results suggest that when planning CECFs, the accessibility of facilities should be considered first, followed by the setting of the number and size of CECFs in terms of subdistricts. In addition to exclusive elderly care resources, the locational characteristics of the built environment, such as the level of development, accessibility, and amenity completeness, also have an important impact on the demand for elderly care services [103]. In this study, we found that floor area ratio, housing prices, and POI density are the most important in terms of the built environment. The former two reflect population density and urban location in a certain area [104].