## 3 Results  
### Physicochemical and Microbiological Characteristics  
The temperature course during the compositing is shown in Figure 1A. At a depth of 100 cm, it was characterized by an initial rapid rise from 17 \({}^{\circ}\)C, to 50 \({}^{\circ}\)C by day 13, when conditions became thermophilic. At the same time, at the top of the pile at 20 cm from the surface, the temperature was 37.2 \({}^{\circ}\)C, i.e., with mesophilic characteristics. The samples taken for the microbiome analysis on the 20 th day differed in temperature as at 20 cm, the composting material was 37.2 \({}^{\circ}\)C, while at 100 cm depth, it was 58.1 \({}^{\circ}\)C. Thus the microbiomes developing in both composting habitats were characterized as mesophilic and thermophilic. The pile temperature continued to increase until day 26, reaching 64 \({}^{\circ}\)C and 45 \({}^{\circ}\)C, respectively, at both depths. These changes were independent of the environmental temperature fluctuations since from the 15 th day, it fluctuated within the limits of 25-30 \({}^{\circ}\)C with few exceptions.  
In the present research, the microbial activity was measured continuously by monitoring CO\({}_{2}\) was released from the compost pile by an infrared sensor (Figure 1B). CO\({}_{2}\) concentration followed the course of temperature, which is apparently one of the driving forces of microbial activity and the selection of mesophilic and thermophilic habitats. In addition, thermophilic microorganisms had a higher growth rate than mesophilic ones  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**Parameters** & **Mesophilic** & **Thermophilic** \\ \hline Total organic carbon (\%) & 31.62 \(\pm\) 2.1 & 32.19 \(\pm\) 1.6 \\ pH & 7.81 \(\pm\) 0.1 & 7.67 \(\pm\) 0.1 \\ EC (mS cm\({}^{-1}\)) & 3.04 \(\pm\) 0.12 & 2.76 \(\pm\) 0.2 \\ Total nitrogen (\%) & 1.31 \(\pm\) 0.1 & 1.40 \(\pm\) 0.09 \\ N-NH\({}_{4}\) (mg kg\({}^{-1}\)) & 1151.80 \(\pm\) 31.1 & 1248.11 \(\pm\) 26.3 \\ N-NO\({}_{3}\) (mg kg\({}^{-1}\)) & 108.14 \(\pm\) 2.6 & 113.23 \(\pm\) 3.2 \\ C/N ratio & 24.13 & 22.99 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 1: Physicochemical parameters of the compost samples in thermophilic and mesophilic habitats. Results show the mean of 3 replicates \(\pm\) standard error.  
had. On the other hand, the courses of pH and EC were similar. Since the beginning of composting, both parameters decreased--pH from 7.71 to 7.08, while the reduction in EC was much more significant, from 2.93 mS cm\({}^{-1}\) to 1.54 mS cm\({}^{-1}\) at the end of study (Figure 2A). The fluctuations in the concentrations of NH\({}_{4}\)-N and NO\({}_{3}\)-N were typical for biowaste composting. The ammonium concentration was initially quite high, but it decreased substantially after a slight increase. At the same time, the nitrate rose more than three-fold to 406.1 mg kg\({}^{-1}\) (Figure 2B).  
In addition, the pH and EC values of the studied samples were lower in the thermophilic environment (Table 1). which was 1.31-1.4%, within the standard error. Comparing the water-soluble forms of nitrogen in the samples, a slight predominance of their concentrations in the thermophilic phase was found, and only in relation to ammonium nitrogen the differences were statistically significant. Based on the above results, C/N ratios were calculated in both habitats with predominance in the mesophilic zone.  
of the enzyme \(\beta\)-glucosidase was 29% higher in the mesophilic zone in contrast to the thermophilic zone (Figure 3B).