Modeling Gross Primary Production of a Typical Coastal Wetland in China Using MODIS Time Series and CO\({}_{2}\) Eddy Flux Tower Data  
[PERSON]  
1 Beijing Key Laboratory of Wetland Services and Restoration, Institute of Wetland Research, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (X.K. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (L.Y); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (X.Z. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Y.L. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (H.W.) [PERSON]  
1 Beijing Key Laboratory of Wetland Services and Restoration, Institute of Wetland Research, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (X.K. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (L.Y); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (X.Z. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Y.L. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (H.W.) [PERSON]  
1 Beijing Key Laboratory of Wetland Services and Restoration, Institute of Wetland Research, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (X.K. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (L.Y); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (X.Z. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Y.L. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (H.W.) [PERSON]  
1 Beijing Key Laboratory of Wetland Services and Restoration, Institute of Wetland Research, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (X.K. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (L.Y); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (X.Z. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Y.L. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (H.W.) [PERSON]  
4 [PERSON]  
35 [PERSON]  
to human [1; 2; 3; 4]. It plays an important role in the principal interchanges of material and energy and the global sequestration of carbon (C) [1; 5; 6]. As the key component of the C cycle, gross primary production (GPP) represents the capacity of vegetation to uptake C from the atmosphere [7; 8; 9; 10]. However, global-scale and measurement-based estimation of the historical growth in GPP is still lacking. The dynamics of GPP in coastal wetlands and its response to global climate change is poorly quantified and understood [5; 11; 12]. Therefore, accurate quantification of GPP for coastal wetlands at various spatial and temporal scales is crucial and necessary for global C budgets assessment and climate change studies [13]. The eddy covariance (EC) method and remote sensing (RS) technology have greatly increased the opportunities for the quantification of GPP at regional or global scales. The EC method can continuously and reliably measure net exchanges of C, water and energy between atmosphere, and terrestrial ecosystems at the diurnal, seasonal, and annual scales [14; 15; 16; 17]. It can be used for calibrating and validating ecological models by providing important information that is associated with photosynthetic period and GPP at the ecosystem scale [18; 19; 20]. However, C flux data provided by the EC method is limited by footprints (typically ranging from hundreds of meters to 1 km) and short time periods [21; 22; 23; 24]. Satellite RS technology can alternatively provide rapid, continuous, systematic, and repetitive measurement of vegetation structure and function characterization over large areas [23; 25]. It is an effective and powerful tool for monitoring properties of land surface and obtaining spatiotemporal information, and then estimating regional GPP and net primary production (NPP), which can be consistent with the EC tower footprint [26; 27]. However, there is still lacking interrelated links and bridges between EC and RS. The satellite-based model is the interrelated links and bridges between EC measurement and RS data at regional scale. Among many RS models, the production efficiency models (PEM) are widely used in the GPP estimation study because of its lesser number of driving parameters, accurate estimation, and the easier coupling of EC and RS [23; 28; 29; 30; 31]. These models generally predict GPP by light use efficiency (\(\varepsilon_{\text{g}}\)), photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), the fraction of the absorbed PAR by the vegetation canopy (FAPAR), and a greenness-related Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) [32]. Recently, [PERSON] et al., has developed a RS-based vegetation photosynthesis model (VPM) to simulate GPP [33; 34; 35].