## 3 Results
### Characterization of the Structural and Morphological Properties of Tungsten-Reinforced Polyisoprene
#### 3.1.2 Structural Properties of Tungsten-Reinforced Polyisoprene Characterized by X-Ray Diffraction
In addition, minor peak shifts and broadening may be caused by strain, lattice distortions, or interactions between WO\({}_{3}\) and the polymer matrix. These structural alterations may potentially have an influence on the material's mechanical and thermal characteristics. The XRD patterns for NR and WO\({}_{3}\)-reinforced polyisoprene are displayed in Figure 5D. The NR XRD pattern shows broad, low-intensity peaks, suggesting it is primarily amorphous with little crystallinity. Sharp peaks imply the possibility of crystalline domains, although they are not predominant. The 2\(\theta\) range of around 10-50\({}^{\circ}\) has the most significant diffraction peaks, with reflections at 30\({}^{\circ}\), 40\({}^{\circ}\), and 50\({}^{\circ}\). These peaks could be caused by the existence of residual structural order in the polymer matrix. The addition of WO\({}_{3}\) to the NR matrix significantly influences the diffraction pattern. The XRD spectrum of WO\({}_{3}\)-reinforced polyisoprene shows more distinct peaks than NR alone, suggesting higher crystallinity. A wide 2\(\theta\) range of peaks is found, with noticeable reflections about 10-80\({}^{\circ}\). Crystalline WO\({}_{3}\) phases exhibit significant peaks at 10\({}^{\circ}\), 23\({}^{\circ}\), 30\({}^{\circ}\), 35\({}^{\circ}\), 50\({}^{\circ}\), and 60\({}^{\circ}\). Enhanced peak intensity indicates effective reinforcement of NR by WO\({}_{3}\) nanoparticles, resulting in improved structural order. 1.3 Characterization of Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structures in Tungsten-Reinforced Polyisoprene Using FTIR  
The FTIR analysis of tungsten-reinforced polyisoprene gave valuable insights by detecting changes in its chemical structure and the emergence or absence of certain bonds. The FTIR spectra of NR (red curve) and WO\({}_{3}\)-reinforced polyisoprene (blue curve) are plotted with transmittance (%) on the \(y\)-axis and wavenumber (cm\({}^{-1}\)) on the \(x\)-axis (Figure 6). The characteristic absorption bands indicate the presence of different functional groups in each sample. The NR spectrum broad absorption band at 3343 cm\({}^{-1}\) is attributed to O-H stretching, suggesting the presence of hydroxyl groups. The asymmetrical and symmetrical C-H bonds stretching in the methylene (-CH\({}_{2}\)-) groups are indicated by the peaks at 2917 cm\({}^{-1}\) and 2848 cm\({}^{-1}\), a common feature in polyisoprene. Additionally, the absorption bands at 1654 cm\({}^{-1}\), 1448 cm\({}^{-1}\), and 1376 cm\({}^{-1}\) can be related to the stretching and bending vibrations of both the C=C and C-H bonds in the rubber matrix. The peaks at 1243 cm\({}^{-1}\), 1073 cm\({}^{-1}\), and 1013 cm\({}^{-1}\) suggest the presence of C-O stretching vibrations from possible oxidation of rubber. Additional peaks in the region 900-600 cm\({}^{-1}\) correspond to out-of-plane bending of C-H bonds, confirming the structural integrity of NR. 1.4 Characterization of Shape Deformation in Tungsten-Reinforced Polyisoprene Under Bending: An ANSYS Simulation Study  
The deformation behavior of natural rubber-based shielding material in response to varying applied forces (10 N, 25 N, 50 N, and 100 N) is illustrated in Figure 7. The color gradient representing the displacement distribution indicates that the regions undergoing the most deformation are highlighted in red, while those with minimal displacement are displayed in blue. The increased deformation observed with greater applied forces demonstrates the material's mechanical characteristics and flexibility. Comprehending this behavior is crucial for assessing the viability of natural rubber composites as gamma radiation shielding materials, especially in structural applications that necessitate the maintenance of mechanical integrity. The deformation characteristics of the natural rubber composite under different applied forces demonstrate a nonlinear correlation between force and displacement. At a modest force of 10 N, slight deformation (55.14 mm) occurs, signifying structural stiffness.