## 3 Chemical Composition of _Hyssopus officinalis_ L. and _Agastache foeniculum_ (Pursh) Kuntze EOs
### Antimicrobial Activity of Agastache foneiculum (Pursh) Kuntze
#### 4.2.2 Antibacterial Activity  
[PERSON] et al., 2022 [43] concluded that the EO extracted from the flowers of _A. foneiculum_ was the most effective against _S. aureus_, followed by the EOs extracted from whole aerial \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Microorganism** & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**MIC**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**MBC/MFC**} & **Reference** \\ \hline \multicolumn{5}{c}{ Bacterial concentration: 1.5 \(\times\) 10\({}^{8}\) cfu/mL} \\ \cline{2-5}  & ABF & AF & ABF & AF \\ \cline{2-5} _Escherichia coli_ ATCC 25922 & 18.72 \(\pm\) 6.86 \(\mu\)L/mL & 18.72 \(\pm\) 6.86 \(\mu\)L/mL & 22.68 \(\pm\) 0.00 \(\mu\)L/mL & 18.72 \(\pm\) 6.86 \(\mu\)L/mL \\ _Salmonella_ Enteritidis ATCC 13076 & 30.99 \(\pm\)14.39 \(\mu\)L/mL & 22.68 \(\pm\) 0.00 \(\mu\)L/mL & 47.62 \(\pm\) 0.00 \(\mu\)L/mL & 22.68 \(\pm\) 0.00 \(\mu\)L/mL \\ _Staphylococcus aureus_ ATCC 6538P & 22.68 \(\pm\) 0.00 \(\mu\)L/mL & 10.80 \(\pm\) 0.00 \(\mu\)L/mL & 47.62 \(\pm\) 0.00 \(\mu\)L/mL & 18.72 \(\pm\) 6.86 \(\mu\)L/mL \\ _Listeria monocytogenes_ ATCC 19114 & 22.68 \(\pm\) 0.00 \(\mu\)L/mL & 22.68 \(\pm\) 0.00 \(\mu\)L/mL & 22.68 \(\pm\) 0.00 \(\mu\)L/mL & 22.68 \(\pm\) 0.00 \(\mu\)L/mL \\ \hline \multicolumn{5}{c}{ Fungal concentration: 10\({}^{7}\) spores/mL} \\ \cline{2-5} _Apergillus fumigatus_ (PTCC 5009) & 1000 \(\mu\)L/mL & - & [49] 1 \\ _Apergillus flavus_ (PTCC 5006) & 500 \(\mu\)L/mL & 2000 \(\mu\)L/mL & \\ _Favarium salani_ (PTCC 5284) & 500 \(\mu\)L/mL & 2000 \(\mu\)L/mL & \\ \hline \multicolumn{5}{c}{\({}^{1}\) The EO was obtained in Iran.} \\ \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 7: _Cont._  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c} \hline \hline
**Microorganisms** & **Inhibition Zone of Microorganism Growth** & **Reference** \\ \hline \multicolumn{3}{c}{0.1 mL of the bacterial suspension/plate; concentration 1.5 \(\times\) 10\({}^{6}\) cfu/mL} \\ \multicolumn{3}{c}{20 ul. of EO/6 mm disc} \\ \cline{2-3} \multicolumn{3}{c}{EO concentration 10-15 mg/mL} \\ \hline \multicolumn{3}{c}{_Staphylococcus aureus_ ATCC 6538} \\ _Escherichia coli_ ATCC 43894 & 9 \(\pm\) 0.58 mm \\ _Basillus cereus_ BC 6830, & 14.67 \(\pm\) 0.33 mm \\ _Basillus subtilis_ ATCC 6633, & 19.33 \(\pm\) 1.85 mm \\ _Salmonella_ Enteritidis ATCC 13076 & 12.67 \(\pm\) 1.2 mm \\ _Salmonella_ Typhimuriumurium & 11 \(\pm\) 1.15 mm \\ _Listeria monocytogenes_ ATCC 19118 & 15.67 \(\pm\) 1.2 mm \\ \hline \multicolumn{3}{c}{100 \(\mu\)L of the fungal suspension/plate; concentration: 10\({}^{6}\) spores/mL} \\ \multicolumn{3}{c}{10 \(\mu\)L of EO dissolved in methanol} \\ \cline{2-3} \multicolparts and from leaves. [PERSON] et al., 2024 [17] tested the EO against _Escherichia coli_, _Salmonella_ Enteritidis, _S. aureus_, and _Listeria monocytogenes_ and demonstrated its efficiency. [PERSON] et al., 2024 [19] showed that the EO was active against the Gram-positive bacteria _S. aureus_ and _B. cereus_. Significant antifungal activity was also demonstrated by [PERSON] et al., 2017 [40] against Gram-positive bacteria (_B. subtilis_, _S. aureus_, _L. monocytogenes_, and _B. cereus_). The Gram-negative bacteria were more resistant (_S. enteritidis_, _S. typhimurium_, and _E. coli_). The data are comprehensively detailed in Tables 7 and 8. Toxicity of Some Compounds of _Hyssopus officinalis_ L. and _Agastache foeniculum_ (Purnsh) Kuntze EOs  
Various international organizations, including the World Health Organization (WHO), FDA (Food and Drug Administration), Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC), and the European Commission (EC), among others, are firmly committed to regulating safety [50]. The FDA has classified 160 EOs as Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) for use in food preparation, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals [51].