# Life Cycle Assessment of Different Waste Lubrication Oil Management Options in Serbia
## 3 Methodology
### WLO Treatment Scenarios in Serbia
#### 3.2.1 Incineration in Cement Kilns
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Waste Used as an Alternative Fuel (\%)** & **Holcim** & **Cemex** & **Heidelberg** & **Italcemeenti** & **Lafarge** \\
**Alements Fuel (\%)** & **Group** & **Group** & **Group** & **Group** & **Group** & **Group** \\  & **(2011)** & **(2011)** & **(2011)** & **(2011)** & **(2011)** & **(2011)** \\ \hline Waste oil & 5 & & & 3.7 & 8.5 & 22.1 \\ Solvent and liquid & 11 & & & 4.7 & 21.9 & \\ waste & 10 & 16 & 11.6 & 14.9 & 19.7 \\ Types & 6 & & & & \\  Plastic & 9 & & & 26.4 & 4.7 & 33.1 \\ Industrial and & & & & & & \\  household waste & & 65 & & & 13.8 & \\ (solid) & & & & & & \\ Industrial waste and & 30 & & & & & \\ other fossil-based fuel & 2 & 4 & 6.1 & 15.7 & \\ Agricultural waste & 9 & 10 & 4.2 & 11.1 & \\ Wood chip and other & 15 & 5 & 24.5 & & 25.1 \\ biomass & 2 & & & 4.2 & 1.7 & \\ Sewage Sludge & 2 & & & & 7.8 & \\ RDF & & & & 14.6 & & \\  Other alternative fuel & & & & & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 6: Types of waste used as alternative fuels in the cement industry (%). \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Year** & **M\({}_{\text{PC}}\)[39]** & **M\({}_{\text{TWLOCY}}\)** & **M\({}_{\text{WOLO}}\)** & **M\({}_{\text{BCKWOLO}}\)** & **M\({}_{\text{BCKWOLO}}\)** & **M\({}_{\text{DWLO}}\)** & **M\({}_{\text{DWLO}}\)** \\  & **[t]** & **[t]** & **[t]** & **[t]** & **[\%]** & **[t]** & **[\%]** \\ \hline
2015 & 1,654,390 & 3042 & 17,480 & 6469 & 37 & 11,011 & 63 \\
2016 & 1,800,805 & 4343 & 16,309 & 7042 & 43.2 & 9267 & 56.8 \\
2017 & 1,907,689 & 5967 & 10,963 & 7593 & 69.26 & 3370 & 30.74 \\
2018 & 2,092,501 & 5042 & 12,471 & 8183 & 65.62 & 4288 & 34.38 \\
2019 & 2,151,404 & 2348 & 16,706 & 8413 & 50.36 & 8293 & 49.64 \\
2020 & 1,921,358 1 & 4148 2 & 34,379 3 & 7777 & 22.62 & 26,602 & 77.38 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 7: Ratios of treated (regenerated), untreated, and burned WLOs in clinker production (t/year). M\({}_{\text{BCKWLO}}\) is the maximum amount of WLO burned in cement kilns (t), M\({}_{\text{PC}}\) is the amount of cement produced (t/year) and M\({}_{\text{DWLO}}\) is the deposed amount of WLO (t/year). \[\text{M}_{\text{BCKWLO}}=\text{M}_{\text{PC}}\cdot\text{C}_{\text{C}}\cdot \text{C}_{\text{PCSRB}}\cdot\text{e}_{\text{WLO}}\;[\text{t}], \tag{2}\]  
where C\({}_{\text{C}}\)--the coefficient of clinker share in cement production (80% of clinker per ton of cement), C\({}_{\text{PCSRB}}\)--the share of the observed cement plant in the total cement production in Serbia (42.88% of the total amount of cement produced), and e\({}_{\text{WLO}}\)--the consumption of WLO to produce a ton of cement (11.4 kg/t). \[\text{M}_{\text{DWLO}}=\text{M}_{\text{UWLO}}-\text{M}_{\text{BCKWLO}}\;[\text{t}] \tag{3}\]  
The share of a cement plant's volume of production in the total cement production in Serbia may vary. According to the cement production data from the Serbian cement plants [39], the authors obtained the data on the annual cement production in the Lafarge-Holcim cement plant. **M\({}_{\text{DWLO}}\)** represents, in percentage terms, the amount of WLO partly deposited on the ground or partly released into the environment. However, EPAS and SORS, as authorized state institutions, do not have data on the quantities deposited on and into the land. Therefore, the WLO disposal is considered to encompass a 50% share of the incinerated WLO without energy recovery (namely the on-land incineration) and a 50% share of WLO deposited on the land.