## 3 Results
### Inhibitory Effects of Arachis pintoi against Echinola crus-galli in Paddy Field Condition
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline
**Dose** & **Germination** & **Shoot Length** & **Root Length** & **Fresh Weight** & **Dry Weight** & **AI** \\
**(g/L)** & **(\%)** & **(cm)** & **(cm)** & **(g)** & **(g)** & **(\%)** \\ \hline \multicolumn{8}{c}{_Echinolcha crus-galli_} \\
50 & 15.7 \({}^{\pm}\) 0.883 (12.9) & 3.71 \({}^{\pm}\) 0.299 (53.7) & 0.38 \({}^{\circ}\) \(\pm\) 0.023 (88.3) & 0.15 \({}^{\pm}\) d \(\pm\) 0.006 (58.3) & 0.0152 \({}^{\pm}\) d \(\pm\) 0.001 (62.3) & 55.1 \\
25 & 19.3 \({}^{\pm}\) 0.667 (\(-\)7.2) & 5.39 \({}^{\pm}\) d \(\pm\) 0.201 (32.8) & 0.49 \({}^{\circ}\)\(\pm\) 0.026 (84.9) & 0.21 \({}^{\pm}\) e \(\pm\) 0.004 (41.7) & 0.0341 \({}^{\pm}\) e \(\pm\) 0.0009 (15.4) & 33.5 \\
12.5 & 18.7 \({}^{\pm}\) 1.335 (\(-\)3.9) & 7.06 \({}^{\pm}\) b \({}^{\pm}\) 0.083 (12.0) & 0.77 \({}^{\circ}\) c \(\pm\) 0.026 (76.2) & 0.27 \({}^{\pm}\) b \({}^{\pm}\) 0.005 (25.0) & 0.0419 \({}^{\pm}\) b \({}^{\pm}\) 0.0006 (\(-\)4.0) & 21.1 \\
6.2 & 19.0 \({}^{\pm}\) 0.578 (\(-\)5.6) & 8.73 \({}^{\pm}\) d \(\pm\) 0.2 (\(-\)8.8) & 2.1 \({}^{\pm}\) b \({}^{\pm}\) 0.006 (35.2) & 0.31 \({}^{\pm}\) b \({}^{\pm}\) 0.005 (13.9) & 0.048 \({}^{\pm}\) b \({}^{\pm}\) 0.002 (\(-\)19.1) & 3.1 \\ Control & 18.0 \({}^{\pm}\) 1.001 (0.0) & 8.021 \({}^{\pm}\) b \({}^{\pm}\) 0.224 (0.0) & 3.24 \({}^{\pm}\) + 0.2 (0.0) & 0.36 \({}^{\pm}\) a \({}^{\pm}\) 0.028 (0.0) & 0.0403 \({}^{\pm}\) b \({}^{\pm}\) 0.002 (0.0) & \\ LSD\({}_{(0.05)}\) & 2.93 & 0.67 & 0.28 & 0.41 & 0.48 & \\ CV\({}_{(\rm{c})}\) & 8.9 & 0.56 & 0.13 & 0.86 & 0.74 & \\ \multicolumn{8}{c}{_Oryza sativa_} \\
50 & 6.0 \({}^{\pm}\) b \({}^{\pm}\) 1.529 (66.1) & 2.34 \({}^{\pm}\) d \(\pm\) 0.158 (69.7) & 0.95 \({}^{\circ}\) d \(\pm\) 0.011 (89.3) & 0.14 \({}^{\pm}\) d \(\pm\) 0.028 (99.2) & 0.084 \({}^{\pm}\) d \(\pm\) 0.005 (71.1) & 77.1 \\
25 & 15.7 \({}^{\pm}\) 1.669 (11.3) & 5.17 \({}^{\pm}\) c \(\pm\) 0.057 (33.0) & 1.41 \({}^{\pm}\) c \(\pm\) 0.038 (84.2) & 0.72 \({}^{\circ}\) c \(\pm\) 0.021 (44.6) & 0.205 \({}^{\circ}\) c \(\pm\) 0.004 (29.6) & 40.5 \\
12.5 & 17.7 \({}^{\pm}\) 0.883 (0.0) & 6.78 \({}^{\pm}\) b \({}^{\pm}\) 0.133 (12.2) & 4.76 \({}^{\pm}\) b \({}^{\pm}\) 0.073 (46.5) & 1.35 \({}^{\pm}\) b \({}^{\pm}\) 0.023 (\(-\)3.8) & 0.275 \({}^{\pm}\) b \({}^{\pm}\) 0.005 (5.5) & 12.1 \\
6.2 & 18.7 \({}^{\pm}\) 0.334 (\(-\)5.6) & 7.19 \({}^{\pm}\) b \({}^{\pm}\) 0.044 (6.9) & 8.12 \({}^{\pm}\) e \(\pm\) 0.027 (9.0) & 1.49 \({}^{\pm}\) e \(\pm\) 0.015 (\(-\)14.6) & 0.344 \({}^{\pm}\) b \({}^{\pm}\) 0.012 (\(-\)18.2) & \(-\)4.5 \\ Control & 17.7 \({}^{\pm}\) 0.883 (0.0) & 7.72 \({}^{\pm}\) d \(\pm\) 0.273 (0.0) & 8.92 \({}^{\pm}\) e \(\pm\) 0.449 (0.0) & 1.30 \({}^{\pm}\) b \({}^{\pm}\) 0.072 (0.0) & 0.291 \({}^{\pm}\) b \({}^{\pm}\) 0.004 (0.0) & \\ LSD\({}_{(0.05)}\) & 3.66 & 0.49 & 0.64 & 0.11 & 0.21 & \\ CV\({}_{(\rm{c})}\) & 13.3 & 4.6 & 7.4 & 6.4 & 4.9 & \\ \hline \multicolumn{8}{c}{_Vigna radiata_} \\
50 & 16.3 \({}^{\pm}\) 2.188 (15.5) & 5.00 \({}^{\pm}\) d \(\pm\) 0.185 (69.7) & 1.70 \({}^{\circ}\) d \(\pm\) 0.044 (72.9) & 2.69 \({}^{\circ}\) e \(\pm\) 0.079 (71.1) & 0.278 \({}^{\circ}\) c \(\pm\) 0.028 (71.4) & 60.1 \\
25 & 17.3 \({}^{\pm}\) 2.1 Inhibitory Effects of Arachis pintoi against the Natural Paddy Weeds and Rice Yield under Field Condition  
In this field experiment, the dry weight of natural paddy weeds was suppressed at all applied doses of _A. pintoi_ powders, while the rice yield was promoted. Some major natural weed species were observed, including _Leptochoa chinensis_ L. (Chinese sprangletop), _Cyperus difformis_ L. (small flower umbrella sedge), _Rotala indica_ Koehne var. _uliginosa_ [PERSON] (spike-flowered rotala), _Sphenochlea zeylanica_ [PERSON]. (goose weed), _Jussiacea decreurens_ DC. (winged water primrose), _Dactyloctenium aegypti_ ([PERSON]. (crowfootgrass), and _Fimbristylis miliacea_ ([PERSON] (globe fringerush) [33]. The highest inhibition of dry weight was 43.1% at 200 g/m\({}^{2}\), followed by 34.2% (150 g/m\({}^{2}\)), and 21.9% (100 g/m\({}^{2}\)), and the lowest inhibition was 14.5% at 50 g/m\({}^{2}\).