## 5 The Application Example  
A hydropower station lies in the downstream section of Jinsha River, spanning Sichuan and Yunnan provinces. The controlling watershed of the hydropower station is large, located in the subtropical monsoon region. The initial installed capacity is 16,000 MW, boasting an annual power generation of 6409 million kW/h. Figure 5 shows the information of the 29#-005-007 concrete pouring block of an arch dam in the downstream section of Jinsha River. It can be seen that the thickness of each pouring block amounts to three meters, and it consists of six blank layers that is half a meter thick. The concrete strength grade is C40. The finite element model is discretized using hexahedral eight-node isoparametric elements. There are 37,800 elements and 42,718 nodes built in total. According to the design value of concrete in this area and the laboratory test value provided by Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute [28], the range of inversion parameters is as follows: \(\theta_{0}\in[20,30]^{\circ}\)C, \(n\in[1.5,5]\), \(\beta\in[100,900]\)kJ/(m\({}^{2}\)-h\({}^{\circ}\)C). The other parameters refer to the laboratory test values of the Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute. During simulation calculation, the C40 concrete density \(\rho\) equals 2601 kg/m\({}^{3}\), the value of the specific heat \(c\) equals 0.851 kJ/(kg\({}^{\circ}\)C), and the value of the thermal diffusivity \(\alpha\) equals 0.0708 m\({}^{2}\) / h.  
The boundary conditions of the model include the following: the transverse joint surfaces on both sides of the pouring block are set as adiabatic boundary conditions, while the third type of temperature boundary conditions (i.e., convection boundary conditions) are imposed on the top surface along with the upstream and downstream surfaces of the pouring block. With the aim of emulating the effect of water pipe cooling, the equivalent heat conduction model of water pipe cooling is utilized. Meanwhile, with the application of the birth and death element technology of ANSYS, the pouring sequence of various concrete pouring blocks can be accurately simulated and controlled [29]. Once the pouring of the first concrete block commences, the finite elements of the first block are activated, while those of the others are terminated. When the second begins, the first and the second block concrete finite elements are activated, and the third is killed. According to the actual project progress, the pouring sequence of each pouring block is precisely regulated. With the aim of removing the interference, the measured temperature data of the bottom block do not participate in the inversion calculation. The time step of temperature calculation is set at 0.5 d, and the overall time spans 30 d. The actual interval time among different blocks is decided in line with the pouring progress. The time, circulating water temperature, and water flow rate data of cooling  
Figure 5: Information on pouring block 29#-005 to 007. From Figure 9, it is observable that as the iteration proceeds, the fitness values exhibit a downward trend. However, the WaOA converges at a notably faster pace and boasts the highest convergence accuracy among the four algorithms. Table 6 shows the inversion results of the WaOA after forty iterations. With reference to the thermal parameters that were acquired through inversion in Table 6, the numerical simulation of temperature field is carried out for the 29#-006-007 pouring block. Figure 10 presents the comparison of the measured temperature and the calculated temperature data throughout the time. Apparently, the predicted value of the concrete temperature obtained by numerical simulation is highly consistent with the measured data in the field. The maximum error \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Parameter**} & **Surface Heat Transfer** & \\  & **Coefficient** & \\  & **kJ/(m\({}^{2}\)**-**h\({}^{\circ}\)C**) & \\ \hline C40 inversion value & 742.7 & \(\theta(t)=\frac{24.2t}{t+2.83}\) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}