## 4 Discussion
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c} \hline \hline  & **Full-Course Meal Manner** & **Fast Eating Manner** \\  & **(60 min)** & **(10 min)** \\ \hline MBG (mg/dL) & 100.8 \(\pm\) 2.4 & 102.0 \(\pm\) 2.2 \\ SD (mg/dL) & 15.6 \(\pm\) 0.9 *** & 18.4 \(\pm\) 1.2 \\ MAGE (mg/dL) & 45.0 \(\pm\) 2.6 * & 52.3 \(\pm\) 3.8 \\ MAX (mg/dL) & 143.2 \(\pm\) 3.7 *** & 159.1 \(\pm\) 4.7 \\ LAGE (mg/dL) & 64.7 \(\pm\) 3.4 *** & 82.7 \(\pm\) 5.3 \\ \%CV (\%) & 15.7 \(\pm\) 1.1 *** & 18.2 \(\pm\) 1.4 \\ \hline Breakfast GP (mg/dL) & 113.1 \(\pm\) 3.8 & 120.4 \(\pm\) 3.3 \\ Lunch GP (mg/dL) & 138.6 \(\pm\) 3.9 *** & 154.0 \(\pm\) 4.9 \\ Dinner GP (mg/dL) & 135.4 \(\pm\) 3.6 *** & 148.9 \(\pm\) 4.8 \\ \hline Breakfast IAUC 30 min (mg/dL \(\times\) min) & 139 \(\pm\) 17 *** & 288 \(\pm\) 38 \\ IAUC 60 min (mg/dL \(\times\) min) & 421 \(\pm\) 62 ***++++ & 956 \(\pm\) 120 \\ IAUC 120 min (mg/dL \(\times\) min) & 1108 \(\pm\) 171 ***++ & 1778 \(\pm\) 159 \\ IAUC 180 min (mg/dL \(\times\) min) & 1875 \(\pm\) 247 *++ & 2672 \(\pm\) 246 \\ Launch IAUC 30 min (mg/dL \(\times\) min) & 131 \(\pm\) 19 ***++++ & 557 \(\pm\) 73 \\ IAUC 60 min (mg/dL \(\times\) min) & 484 \(\pm\) 68 ***++++ & 1796 \(\pm\) 213 \\ IAUC 120 min (mg/dL \(\times\) min) & 2005 \(\pm\) 274 *++ & 3190 \(\pm\) 365 \\ IAUC 180 min (mg/dL \(\times\) min) & 3548 \(\pm\) 392 * & 4643 \(\pm\) 451 \\ Dinner IAUC 30 min (mg/dL \(\times\) min) & 164 \(\pm\) 25 ***++++ & 463 \(\pm\) 63 \\ IAUC 60 min (mg/dL \(\times\) min) & 489 \(\pm\) 84 ***++++ & 1429 \(\pm\) 201 \\ IAUC 120 min (mg/dL \(\times\) min) & 1683 \(\pm\) 327 * & 2609 \(\pm\) 425 \\ IAUC 180 min (mg/dL \(\times\) min) & 3040 \(\pm\) 509 * & 4050 \(\pm\) 528 \\
24 h IAUC (mg/dL \(\times\) min) & 14823 \(\pm\) 341 & 15,987 \(\pm\) 294 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} The data are the mean \(\pm\) SEM. MBG: mean blood glucose; SD: standard deviation for glucose; MAGE: mean amplitude of glycemic excursion, MAX: maximum blood glucose; LAGE: large amplitude of glycemic excursion; \(\%\)CV: coefficient of variation; GP: glucose peak; IAUC: incremental area under the curve for glucose. Full-course meal manner vs. fast eating manner; \(p<\) 0.05 *, \(p<\) 0.01 **, \(p<\) 0.001 *** by a paired \(t\)-test. Full-course meal manner vs. fast eating manner; \(p<\) 0.05 *, \(p<\) 0.01 *, \(p<\) 0.001 *, by a \(t\)-test.  
\end{table} 
Table 2: The glycemic parameters of the young healthy women under the full-course meal manner and fast eating manner in Experiment 2, using an isCGM (\(n\) = 18). Numerous epidemiological studies have revealed that eating in a short period of time shows a positive correlation with increments in body weight [18; 19], blood glucose, insulin resistance [26], the risk of T2 DM [17], cardiovascular diseases [20], and metabolic syndrome [21]. We previously reported that eating meals in 10 min was associated with higher glycemic and insulin responses than eating meals in 20 min [12]. However, previous research showed that if a meal was consumed with the food order of vegetables first and carbohydrates last, amelioration could be achieved in postprandial blood glucose and insulin concentrations, even if the meal was consumed in 10 min [22]. One possible explanation for the improvement in glycemic and insulin parameters observed for the full-course meal manner is the dietary fiber contained in the vegetables consumed first, which slows the digestion and absorption of carbohydrates [27]. Some researchers suggest that individuals who eat quickly tend to consume meals in a short period and are more likely to choose ultra-processed foods, which are low in dietary fiber and require minimal chewing, rather than fiber-rich foods that necessitate thorough mastication [28]. These studies indicate that eating manner and chewing frequency may influence insulin, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), and satiety-related hormones [29; 30; 31]. Thus, different eating manners may be associated with meal satisfaction related to GLP-1 and satiety hormones that delay gastric emptying rate and regulate appetite and satiety.