## 1 Introduction  
Due to the latest innovations in electronic technology in IoT devices, GPS applications are becoming a valuable asset for tracking devices. Keeping track of one's assets is crucial for many businesses and people. The benefit of knowing where your assets are is enormous. For instance, keeping track of a fleet of vehicles to maintain control to get the most out of their utilization to streamline routes and thus reduce CO2 emissions. The location of delivery or vehicles and similar use cases are also possible. This study compared a traditional technology--the microstrip RHCP patch antennas--with antenna booster technology based on electrically small antenna elements called antenna boosters that can excite currents on the ground plane of the IoT device to become the main actor in the radiation process [1, 2]. Thanks to a matching network, the device embedding an antenna booster can easily be tuned at GPS frequencies. This study will enable alternative antennas to the traditional ones for various IoT devices. The size and energy efficiency of IoT devices are crucial factors to consider. Making these devices as small and efficient as feasible is therefore essential. Therefore, the size of the antenna element is key. In this regard, the present study used a very compact 7 \(\times\) 3 \(\times\) 2 mm\({}^{3}\) antenna booster that is easy to integrate into an IoT device. Different parameters were compared from both devices that have been considered to realize this case: The carrier-to-noise ratio (CNo), the number of satellites found, the dilution of precision (DOP), and the time to first fix (TTFF). Although antennas can be compared in terms of SWR, gain, and efficiency, when dealing with battery-powered IoT devices, the TTFF is the crucial parameter since it takes into account all antenna parameters to finally determine how good the antenna is to capture enough satellites to determine the position in a short period of time. The time from when a GPS receiver is turned on until a navigation solution is generated within a specific performance range is considered by the TTFF performance metric [3]. In [4], the study demonstrates the benefits of embedding a GPS antenna in a mobile phone with linear polarization rather than circular polarization in a multipath scenario. This study was conducted in many places, but always statically. Our research covered various dynamic environments within a car because IoT tracking devices frequently move. To know in which position to place our devices to compare them, some information can be found in the literature [5; 6]. In [5], the experiment findings revealed that a GPS antenna should be mounted on a vehicle's roof or trunk lid to see the entire sky. IoT devices are typically placed inside automobiles for tracking purposes. It is necessary to consider this factor because [5] also states that installing the antenna inside the automobile will reduce system performance due to the car body's shielding effects. The positioning and choice of a GPS antenna have also been demonstrated to impact how well the system performs by altering the satellite coverage in the sky, modifying the system noise figure, and adding measurement inaccuracies due to multipath. For handheld GPS terminals, other experiments successfully created a low-profile linearly polarized 3D PIFA antenna [7]. This antenna aims to cover the GPS L1 band, which has a 1575 MHz central frequency and was the subject of this study. In [7], they developed an antenna with a performance comparable to right-hand circularly polarized antennas. Geometric coefficients (DOP) are vital elements that determine the precision of location in the GPS, and the number of satellites was found to be significant in terms of accuracy [8]. It is crucial to keep this in mind when evaluating the data. There is a good amount of reading on circularly polarized antennas [9; 10; 11; 12].