## 3 Results
### Application Domains
#### 3.2.4 Mobility Assistance  
Considering the articles related to mobility assistance, [PERSON] and [PERSON] [69] focused on an application to enhance the parking experience from the perspective of impaired individuals, while four articles [70; 86; 91; 95] reported studies aiming to support older adults when moving in the city. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [69] proposed a smart parking management system called DisAssist which takes advantage of the capabilities of mobile devices to allow users to find, reserve and access real-time parking availability information obtained via machine-to-machine communications. [PERSON] et al. [70] proposed a system that exploits real time data provided by bus operating companies combined with data produced by sensors and crowdsourcing data to provide routes tailored to older adults' specific needs. The users might access two mobile applications: mobile Pervasive Accessibility Social Sensing (mPASS) and WhenMyBus. The first collects data about urban accessibility and provides older adults with personalized and accessible pedestrian paths and maps, while the second aims to support older adults who travel by bus in the city by providing real time information about transport availability and accessibility facilities. The important features of these applications are the integration of data produced by sensors (i.e., gyroscope, accelerometer, and GPS) and data gathered via crowdsourcing by users, together with official accessibility reviews conducted by experts. The authors argued that although any instance of the crowdsourced and sensed data may be unreliable,aggregating a large amount of information related to the urban area makes the data more trustworthy (i.e., an error made by a single sensor, or a single user, become less significant as the volume of data increases). Additionally, the data quality might be increased when considering their aggregation with accessibility reviews conducted by experts. [PERSON] et al. [91] described a concept based on various technologies, including location-based services, augmented reality, and crowdsourcing. Specifically, a smartphone application prototype was developed to support wheelchair users with a customized information service. The important features of the system are path navigation and public participation. Path navigation is focused on individuals who find moving difficult (especially those who use wheelchairs) and aimed to provide an effective and accurate map information service and travel route planning, with two path navigation modes (i.e., wheelchair and walking). In turn, public participation allows users to take photos and upload the improper public facilities around them, such as a broken blind path, a broken elevator, and a damaged or blocked ramp. The positioning information of the photos can be uploaded to the urban management platform, providing data for urban management and maintenance. [PERSON] et al. [86] presented the Urban Connector, a mobile application that provides relevant information about city services to assist older adults during their travels within a city and to mitigate their risks (e.g., being caught in traffic congestion, getting lost, or being involved in a crash). Based on the recommendations followed in the design of the Urban Connector, an Android-native prototype has been developed, which was tested for a period of 30 days with a group of 38 older adults as early adopters. Finally, [PERSON] et al. [95] proposed the SafeFollowing application to provide collaborative support for individuals with disabilities and older adults in adverse situations from qualified agents and volunteers. In concrete, the SafeFollowing mobile application allows users to ask for assistance by sending a notification to agents and volunteers who are nearby. The SafeFollowing evaluation consisted of two scenarios (i.e., a situation in which an older adult receives special care provided by an agent, and a situation in which an agent helps a wheelchair user).