## 1 Introduction
The cellular behavior and structural stability of scaffolds are greatly influenced by their geometric design. Various scaffold geometries can be divided into lattice frameworks, truss-based architectures, basic unit cell configurations [27], and additional types. A growing variety of bone tissue repair scaffold architectures is being investigated. These scaffolds must provide a microenvironment conducive to cell growth and possess characteristics that promote the differentiation and growth of target cells. These characteristics can be determined by analyzing fluid flow through the scaffolds. Given the structural complexity and experimental feasibility challenges in bone scaffold development, computational modeling enables pre-fabrication design optimization and performance prediction, significantly reducing development cycles and costs. Established computational approaches in engineering, particularly Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and Finite Element Analysis (FEA), have been increasingly adapted for bone tissue engineering applications. These simulation tools offer distinct advantages, including non-invasive investigation, multi-scale analysis capability, parametric visualization, and cost-effective precision modeling, making them indispensable for modern scaffold design workflows. Recent years have witnessed a surge in bone scaffold applications. For instance, [PERSON] et al. established a modeling framework to simulate diffusion in trabecular bone reconstructed from micro-CT scans [28], laying a critical methodological foundation for this study. [PERSON] et al. numerically analyzed permeability, mass flow rate, fluid velocity, and wall shear stress (WSS) in porous titanium scaffolds. Their study compared CAD models with three CT-reconstructed models, validating simulations against cell seeding experiments in bioreactors [29]. [PERSON] et al. conducted experimental and numerical comparisons of permeability in unit cell-based bone scaffolds. They demonstrated a \(y=1.297x\) linear relationship between experimental and simulated permeability values, confirming the validity of numerical methods for scaffold permeability assessment [30]. Scaffold performance is primarily governed by porosity, pore dimensions, geometric configuration, and microstructural features. Current research prioritizes advancing novel biomaterials and fabrication techniques to develop high-performance bone repair scaffolds. While existing optimization strategies predominantly focus on single-physics domains, they lack a systematic analysis of thermo-fluid-solid multiphysics coupling. This work innovatively integrates numerical simulation and thermodynamic regulation to investigate scaffold thermomechanical behavior, develop coupled numerical methods, and analyze how flow velocity, temperature, and structural parameters influence cell proliferation and differentiation during perfusion culture. Through optimizing scaffold architecture and cultivation conditions, we aim to propose a bone repair scaffold with superior thermomass transfer efficiency and osteogenic potential. This study injects innovative vitality into resolving long-standing challenges in bone tissue engineering, accelerates interdisciplinary development, and holds significant theoretical and practical value.