## 9 Conclusions and Future Research Recommendation  
The proliferation of various electric vehicles (EVs) has led to the emergence of multiple EV structures, EV charging infrastructures, renewable-energy-based EVs, and grid-integrated EV systems. In order to effectively manage the charging process, it is necessary to implement a distinct control strategy and power management strategy for multi-source EV systems. This review article provides a comprehensive analysis of the classifications of EVs along with their associated charging infrastructure, charging technologies, power management, and control systems. First, various structural topologies of EVs and the merit/demerits associated with each of them has been investigated. Then, a systematic comparison of charging stations and charging methods highlights their key differences and usage. Furthermore, different adaptive and robust control methods have been evaluated based on their effectiveness in improving system efficiency. An extensive discussion on the environmental impacts of grid-integrated EVs and the challenges related to EV infrastructure along with potential remedies has been discussed at the end. The extensive investigation carried out in a systematic approach on EV technologies may prove to be exceptionally useful to researchers and engineers working in the field for carrying out further research. Research priorities going forward should be set in a way that allows us to systematically and efficiently tackle the key challenges that have impeded the development of the EVs. Some of them are as follows:  
1. To make recharging an EV as quick and easy as filling up with gas, ultra-fast charging stations are vital. There is also an urgent need for academic study into the mitigation of heat, noise, and EMI in these types of charging stations. 2. Due to their short service life, EV batteries require careful planning and development. Batteries have a finite life; thus, it is important to work on other issues, such as  
Figure 24: Challenges that exist with EVs and future roadmap of research. improving solid-state batteries, designing cells and packs, creating management systems for batteries, and making electrolytes and electrodes more stable. 3. The design of an efficient power converter is required, including the use of a charging cable, cooling technique, protective device, and high-power solid-state transformer. 4. Additionally, both V2G and V2H vehicle connectivity technologies are immature but have significant features to explore. Further investigation and improvement are needed to best manage renewable energy sources and grid-connected charging stations. 5. Smart energy management among the sources integrated with EVs to ultimately manage grid overload requires more detailed analysis. In addition, improved power quality control schemes require investigation that may assist in suitably controlling the power converter while maintaining the power quality standard. 6. Furthermore, public-road-capable EVs need to be able to be efficiently supplied with large amounts of electrical power without impacting the electrical system. It is suggested that smart charging be put into place, in which the charging habits of EVs are affected by variables such as peak demand, renewable source generation, dynamic pricing, and individual EV owner requirements. 7. Smarter choices can be made with the help of artificial-intelligence-based control algorithms, which has the capability to improve in predicting EV charging loads, estimating driving ranges, and implementing dynamic pricing. 8. There is serious cause for concern over the potential for theft of sensitive information related to the charging infrastructure, the position of vehicles, owner's information, and their payments. Also, it is important to note that malicious cyber assaults can compromise an EV's remote-control functionality. Accordingly, resources must be devoted to studying the areas of cyber security, resilience, reliability, and protecting user and grid data from malicious attacks. 9.