# Intelligent Total Transportation Management System for Future Smart Cities
## 1 Introduction
The development of rapid transportation technology, changes in social mobility (e.g., the rise of on-demand transportation), the shift in the economy (globalization-re-industrialization), and the available novel IT technologies (data-driven intelligent systems in the IoT domain) push smart cities to introduce next-generation transportation systems. As known after [PERSON] [22], three smart city generations are identified as (i) technology-driven, (ii) technology enabling, and (iii) citizen cooperation. A smart city will provide a broader technology context within which connected and autonomous vehicles will operate. From the technology and management point of view, a smart city and its smart transportation generations can be defined as (i) passive (based on the available new technologies like e-cars), (ii) dynamic (using real measured data), and (iii) active (using real data in real-time management). An outstanding EU project, titled SmartSantanders [23; 24; 25], introduced the last, active management of smart transportation. This project aims to establish a unique world city-scale experimental research facility to investigate and demonstrate a possible Internet-of-things-driven service for future smart cities. They applied more than 12,000 IoT devices integrated into the experimental area. The project developed urban-scale ICT (info-communication technology) platforms with three main core functionalities: (i) urban communication abstraction, (ii) unified urban information models, and (iii) open urban service development. Future Internet in the smart city environment covered three core areas: (i) the Internet of Things (IoT), (ii) the Internet of Services (IoS), and (iii) the Internet of People (IoP). It could introduce two critical abilities of the future smart cities: (i) the use of large sensor and actuator networks integrated into the infrastructure and (ii) the establishment of easy-to-use services by redeveloping new solutions and applications based on collected information. Due to the numerous benefits that it can offer, the IoT is the most important supporting technology in smart city and smart transportation developments. It, thus, might be a core part of the next generation transportation systems [26], which will be determined by a series of disruptive technologies and social innovation [27], such as social media and digital platforms, big data, artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things, robotics, and drones. In future transportation systems, connected and autonomous vehicles emerged and, therefore, interest has grown substantially in the IoT. It is viewed as the next generation of the Internet, and it is predicted that it will go beyond connecting computers and smartphones to joining a multitude of different devices [28]. With the IoT and highly automated systems, transportation management is shifting from active control to passive observation. In addition, traffic management to reduce congestion is a crucial topic in the smart city context, and numerous studies related to this topic were published [29; 30]. A smart transportation system, or intelligent transportation system (ITS), focuses on economy and society interest, reduced travel times [31], arrival on time [32], fuel consumption, and pollution, as well as improving traffic safety. Several smart transportation system applications rely on the Internet of Things (IoT), including smart roads [33], intelligent parking systems [34; 35], and real-world connected vehicle data [36]. The authors of reference [37] summarize the surveyed studies in urban mobility analysis and sensor data type. Numerous studies deal with the environmental impact of smart cities and smart transportation, including life-cycle analyses [38; 39], and the stochastic shortest path problem [40; 41], while just a limited number of papers discuss possible environmental harm reduction by optimizing total transportation. Instead, some parts of transportation and optimization are investigated, like the impact of using electric vehicles [42].