# Supply Chain Management Maturity and Business Performance: The Balanced Scorecard Perspective
## 2 Models of Supply Chain Management Maturity  
In recent decades, numerous studies have been conducted to define, determine, and describe SCMM. The SCMM approach is based on business process orientation (BPO) and business process management maturity (BPMM). BPO assumes a horizontal view of business activities and emphasizes the coordination and integration of business activities within the management of business processes [16]. A business process refers to the structured cross-functional set of activities that shows the transformation of resources through business functions and requires continuous improvement. It is assumed that business processes have life cycle levels through which they can be transformed and that a higher maturity level results in better process performance [1]. Process maturity represents the extent to which the processes are defined, managed, measured, and controlled [1]. Progress in process maturity (the quality of process implementation and produced output) contributes to process management maturity [17]. Models of process management maturity are composed of a certain number of dimensions in which there are a certain number of factors (activities), and a description of these factors determines maturity levels (often three to six levels) [18]. The factors included in the main dimensions are those assumed to be critical for the success of business processes. Therefore, the quality and presence of these factors (activities) determine the maturity of process management [17]. The highest maturity level corresponds to the world's best practices [19]. Models of SCMM expand the maturity issue to whole supply chains. These models include various factors (activities) grouped into the main SCM dimensions to determine the SCMM level [9]. SCMM models often offer certain quantification (metrics and scales) and technology to determine performance and maturity in each dimension (process area). Through assessments undertaken according to SCM best practices within SCMM models, companies can determine the areas of SCM in which they are progressing and those in which they lag. SCMM models can assess and improve SCM activities at the operative and strategic levels [18]. The literature offers various approaches toward modelling SCMM, such as the SCOR model [20], the SCM model [21], the SCM model [12], the SCMAT model [9], the SCPM3 model [22], etc. The first version of the SCMM model was the SCOR (Supply-Chain Operation Reference) that Supply-Chain Council introduced in 1996. According to the SCOR model, the main dimensions (elements of process orientation) are measurement and process management systems; the documentation of the process, process structure, process values, and attitudes; the ownership of processes; and information technology [2]. Drawing on the SCOR model and BPO approach, one of the most popular models was created, namely, the SCM (Supply Chain Management) process maturity model, which explains the progression of SCM practices in four main dimensions (Plan, Source, Make, and Deliver) through the following five stages: Ad hoc, Defined, Linked, Integrated, and Extended [1]. The SCMAT (Supply Chain Maturity Assessment Test) model is based on an extensive literature review [9] and can be used for the assessment of the maturity of supply chain activities from levels one to five in seven main dimensions: Strategy, Control, Process, Resources, Materials, Information, and Organization. Starting from the SMC model developed by [1,12] created an SCM maturity model based on an extensive systematic literature review and qualitative case-study approach. This broad theoretical model summarizes previously used SCMM dimensions from the literature and integrates them into 11 dimensions: costs, customers, processes, technologies, tools, collaboration, management, performance measurement, strategic focus, responsiveness, resources, and environment. The model sets three maturity levels: initial, intermediate, and advanced.