# Systematic Literature Review of MBSE Tool-Chains
## 5 Conclusions  
Model-based systems engineering is a model-based approach to capture, analyze, share, integrate, and manage not only requirements, but also development processes, products, verification & validation, and production across the whole life-cycle. The MBSE tool-chain is a solution aiming to support integrated co-design and data management for the entire life-cycle. In this study, we analyzed the current state of the art of MBSE tool-chains from intensity analysis, application areas analysis, technique analysis, and research contributions. The literature review has provided a wealth of insights into the current state of MBSE tool-chains. From the results, we put forward the following suggestions for reference in the process of tool-chain research in the future: \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{p{42.7 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt}} \hline \hline
**RQ** & **Content** & **Result** \\ \hline RQ1 & What is the intensity of the research on MBSE tool-chains? & 1. Research articles are typically published in IEEE, Wiley, and Springer, as shown in Figure 2. \\ \hline RQ2 & What are the most frequently investigated research areas related to MBSE tool-chains? & 1. System engineers contribute the most to tool-chain development. Most of the papers focus on R\&D projects, as shown in Figure 3. \\ \hline RQ2 & What are the most frequently investigated research areas related to MBSE tool-chains? & 2. The tool-chains are most widely used in the domains of aerospace and vehicles, as shown in Figure 4. \\ \hline RQ3 & What are the most frequently applied research types and research methods? & 3. System design is the field which is the most supported via developed tool-chains, as shown in Figure 5. \\ \hline RQ4 & What are the most frequently applied research types and research methods? & 3. The model formalism is mostly mentioned, among which the requirement model is the most frequently mentioned perspective, as shown in Figure 8. \\ \hline RQ5 & What are the most frequently applied research types and research methods? & 4. SysML is the most widely used modeling language in the context of tool-chains, as shown in Figure 9. \\ \hline RQ6 & What: material simulation is the most widely used simulation method, as shown in Figure 10. \\ \hline RQ7 & What contributions are provided by research related to MBSE tool-chains? & 1. The item of the _framework/method/technique_ is the most frequent contribution, as shown in Figure 18. \\ \hline \hline RQ4 & What contributors are provided by research related to MBSE tool-chains? & 1. The item of the _framework/method/technique_ is the most frequent contribution, as shown in Figure 18. \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Answer to the questions. * The related technologies of SysML are the most mature. In the field of system design, tools such as requirements management, system modeling, and simulation can be integrated based on the SysML language specification. * Data exchange based on standards has become an important solution for tool integration. In the future, we should pay attention to the unified formulation of standards. * We suggest that, with the steady development of tool-chain research, it is necessary not only to concentrate on research in the R&D phase, but also to focus on the whole life-cycle of real product development. * When assessing tool-chains, we expect integrated capability, interoperability, and traceability to become more effective indicators. This literature review is expected to be used as a stepping stone in designing a strategy for MBSE tool-chain development and as guidance for future actions. Conceptualization, J.M. ; methodology, J.M. and J.L. ; analysis, J.M. ; writing--original draft preparation, J.M. and J.L. ; writing--review and editing, G.W., H.V., D.K., and Y.Y. ; supervision, J.L. and Y.Y. ; funding acquisition, G.W. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. This study is supported by the CN National Key Research and Development Plan (Grant No.