## 3 Results and Discussion
### Oxidized LDL Receptor and Serum Iron  
We observed quite contradictory results regarding the relationship between serum iron and oxLDL receptor levels (Table 6). The oxLDL receptor had a significant direct relationship with serum iron levels (r = 0.69; \(p=0.012\)) and iron saturation (r = 0.61; \(p=0.037\)) in the control group and a significant inverse relationship with serum iron levels (r = \(-0.62\); \(p=0.022\)) and iron saturation (r = \(-0.47\); \(p=0.105\)) in the tested group at day 10. This could be due to the fact that the control group had a lower serum iron concentration at baseline. Whether this was a coincidence remains to be determined, but it is known that aronia pomace has an indirect effect on increasing blood iron levels [54]. [PERSON] et al. [53] demonstrated that oral supplementation with aronia extract (0.45 mL/kg/day) for four weeks in combination with different diets (high \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**oxLDL Receptor (2 h)**} & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**oxLDL Receptor (10 Days)**} \\
**Parameters** & **Control Group** & **Test Group** & **Control Group** & **Test Group** & **Test Group** \\  & **r \({}^{*}\)** & \(p\)** & **r \({}^{*}\)** & \(p\)** & **r \({}^{*}\)** & \(p\)** & **r \({}^{*}\)** & \(p\)** \\ \hline Glucose (mmol/L) & \(-0.15\) & \(0.637\) & \(0.52\) & \(0.067\) & \(-0.33\) & \(0.294\) & \(-0.23\) & \(0.443\) \\ Cholesterol (mmol/L) & \(0.33\) & \(0.290\) & \(-0.22\) & \(0.472\) & \(0.13\) & \(0.678\) & \(-0.03\) & \(0.921\) \\ Cholesterol HDL (mmol/L) & \(0.40\) & \(0.197\) & \(0.08\) & \(0.784\) & \(0.30\) & \(0.352\) & \(0.22\) & \(0.473\) \\ Cholesterol LDL (mmol/L) & \(0.33\) & \(0.296\) & \(-0.17\) & \(0.579\) & \(0.19\) & \(0.554\) & \(0.04\) & \(0.886\) \\ Triglycerides (mmol/L) & \(-0.25\) & \(0.429\) & \(0.15\) & \(0.618\) & \(0.21\) & \(0.518\) & \(-0.01\) & \(0.964\) \\ Iron (Fe) (\(\mu\)mol/L) & \(0.25\) & \(0.434\) & \(0.08\) & \(0.788\) & \(0.69\) & \(0.012\) & \(-0.62\) & \(0.022\) \\ UIBC (\(\mu\)mol/L) & \(-0.23\) & \(0.476\) & \(-0.19\) & \(0.530\) & \(-0.47\) & \(0.121\) & \(0.23\) & \(0.452\) \\ TIBC (\(\mu\)mol/L) & \(-0.31\) & \(0.331\) & \(-0.39\) & \(0.193\) & \(-0.02\) & \(0.948\) & \(-0.28\) & \(0.356\) \\ Fe saturation (\%) & \(0.29\) & \(0.358\) & \(0.04\) & \(0.897\) & \(0.61\) & \(0.037\) & \(-0.47\) & \(0.105\) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}  
* Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. Values in bold indicate statistically significant results. HDL—high-density lipoprotein; LDL—low-density lipoprotein, UIBC—unsaturated iron-binding capacity; TIBC—total iron binding capacity.  
\end{table} 
Table 5: Correlation of concentration of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) receptor with anthropometric parameters in control and test group. fat vs. standard) resulted in a significant increase in serum iron levels in rats regardless of diet. In contrast to our results, [PERSON] et al. [55] found in their study that serum ferritin concentration and haptoglobin phenotype (Hp) were independently associated with circulating oxLDL levels in males. On the other hand, [PERSON] et al. [56] showed in their study that the association depends on iron-related genes, especially haptoglobin phenotypes. The Hp of the individual has antioxidant properties and determines the availability of iron to the cells. It could be that the Hp was not uniform in our subjects and thus contributed to the different results. A recent study that examined the relationship between iron stress and oxidative damage in patients with metabolic syndrome found a strong association between serum ferritin and oxLDL levels. In fact, people with elevated ferritin and oxLDL levels had a higher risk of metabolic syndrome [57]. In addition, there is evidence that some polyphenols may affect the bioavailability of iron, which in turn may increase the risk of developing cardiovascular disease, especially in higher-risk populations [58]. Our study has some possible limitations.