# Secure Voting Website Using Ethereum and Smart Contracts
## 3 Literature Review
However, the proposition analysis demonstrates that if voting is small scaled, privacy and efficiency gains for election are considerable. Depending on the size, some efficiency is sacrificed to give higher privacy. [PERSON] [5] proposed a Blockchain-based Voting Scheme that employed blockchain technology to increase voting security in a peer network. A technology placed on distributed ledger technology can be used to prevent vote manipulation. Protocol was developed and tested on a peer network using Linux computers. This technology makes the involvement of external parties necessary and is unsuitable for centralized use in a system with various agents. With this system using a distributed technology, securing multi-functional computers can prevent the issue. If the calculation is complex and there are too many voters, compute expenses become significant, if not prohibitive. [PERSON], [PERSON] [6] proposed a blockchain-based electronic voting protocol. Their experiments also provide fascinating insights into how specific characteristics, such as interactions between various parameters and security and performance indicators within an organization, affect the system's overall scale value and reliability. It became clear. According to the author's proposal, the election operation needs the implementation of unique and hash-able addresses for voters and candidates. Voters use these addresses to vote for candidates. However, severe drawbacks of this model were revealed. This paper was open to bilateral investment because no regulators prevent unauthorized voters from voting. Their methodology needed to be revised and indifferent to the integrity of the voting process. This attack could be more targeted because it needs to address the main problems of blockchain voting systems, especially the scalability and latency of electronic voting. They used a multi-chain architecture, a private blockchain based on Bitcoin unsuitable for a referendum. According to the authors, this method is only suitable for small and medium voting contexts. The main areas for improvement of past proposed blockchain-based voting systems are primarily related to security and scalability issues. Many previous models have used public blockchains, which are vulnerable to attacks from malicious actors. Moreover, the transparency of public blockchains can compromise voter anonymity, which is essential to ensuring free and fair elections. Scalability is another significant issue in previous blockchain-based voting models. Public blockchains, which are commonly used in many of these models, have limited transaction processing capabilities, which can result in long voting times and increased costs. Additionally, the high cost of transactions on public blockchains may make it difficult to implement blockchain-based voting systems on a large scale. Another challenge previous models faced was a standardized consensus mechanism for blockchain-based voting. Different models have used various consensus mechanisms, including proof of work, proof of stake, and delegated proof of stake. However, these mechanisms may not be suitable for large-scale voting systems due to their high resource requirements. The drawback of an online voting system where anyone can cast a vote instead of the intended user is the issue of voter authentication and identification. In a traditional paper-based voting system, voters must physically present themselves at the polling station and verify their identity through government-issued identification, such as a passport or driver's license. However, in an online voting system, demonstrating the voter's identity is challenging, and there is a higher risk of fraud or impersonation. Another problem with online voting is that an attacker could gain unauthorized access to the voting system and cast votes on behalf of other users. Recent work in blockchain voting takes advantage of Zero Knowledge Proofs (ZKPs) to determine the rightful owner of the vote.