# Ergonomics Applied to the Development and Evaluation of Insoles for Protective Footwear
## 3 Results and Discussion
### Kinematic Variables
The ICC statistical test was performed with the aim of confirming whether there is significant agreement between the temporal tracings of the joints in all environments to reiterate the results described. Therefore, in relation to the ankle sagittal variation (Ankle_X), the ICC estimate ranged between 0.995 and 1. In the ankle frontal variation (Ankle_Y), the ICC values ranged from 0.971 to 0.999. The ICC values in the midfoot joints (FETBA and FFHFA) variables ranged from 0.958 to 0.995, and 0.972 to 0.999, respectively. In the hallux (HXFFA), the ICC values presented values < 0.5 in bare feet and with insoles, indicating a low agreement, which was already expected because of the effect of the insole on the mobility of the hallux. However, the values between the foot with the standard and innovative insole were 0.915 (left foot) and 0.953 (right foot), which indicates a strong agreement between the environments. According to the classification by [PERSON] and [PERSON] [21], these values describe that the time series are significantly in agreement, and therefore, there was no variation in the normal mechanics of the foot in any of the three environments analyzed; that is, the angular variation of the variable kinematics studied showed a similar behavior in the bare foot, in the foot with the standard insole, and in the foot with the innovative insole. To determine to what extent the ranges of motion are being limited and whether there are significant differences between the three environments, the absolute range value was calculated through the maximum and minimum values of the ranges. The purpose of the insole is to support the foot, facilitating the maintenance of normal range in a sustainable way. For this, it is important that the insole not only exceeds the normal range limit but also does not favor an excessive restriction in a way that modifies the individual gait pattern and facilitates the occurrence of injuries. Therefore, when evaluating the amplitudes in each kinematic variable and in the three environments, it was possible to verify that there were no significant changes in the amplitudes at the angles studied; all subjects maintained similar degrees of amplitude in the three environments, according to their individual characteristics. This result is confirmed by observing the dispersion of the standard deviation data in Figure 8, regarding how much the amplitude varied in each environment in the five kinematic variables, both in the left foot and in the right foot. It was found that the angle that presented the greatest variation in amplitude was the hallux (HXFFA) due to the conditioning developed by the insole, as explained above. Therefore, on average, the amplitude on the left foot in Ankle_X varies at around 0.36; in Ankle_Y, it varies at around 0.24; in the FETBA, it varies at approximately 0.24; in the FFHFA, it varies at an average of 0.39; and in HXFFA, it varies at an average of 2.56. On the right foot, the amplitude varies at an average of 0.52 in Ankle_X, 0.35 in Ankle_Y, 0.43 in FETBA, 0.75 in FFHFA, and 2.03 in HXFFA. Demonstrating that, in practice, there was no loss of amplitude, it remained stable in the three environments at the five angles observed. As well as the amplitude, the coefficient of variation, defined by the ratio of the standard deviation to the average in percentage, was applied to the angular values to understand the variability of the data; after all, a smaller variation is an indicator of greater stability provided by the insole. Therefore, according to the analyzed data, the variability values in most cases reduced with the insoles or remained close to the values of the barefoot environment. To verify this finding, the averages module of the differences between each insole and the barefoot environment was performed.