## 3 Results and Discussion
Oil encapsulated with a \(\beta\)-CD carrier had a significantly higher retention of \(\alpha\)-tocopherol (87.23%) compared to oil encapsulated with GA and a mixture of GA and \(\beta\)-CD carriers (62.13 and 66.30%, respectively). Various studies have shown that inclusion complexes with \(\beta\)-CD are more stable against oxidation compared to other carrier materials [44; 45; 46; 47]; therefore, lower losses in \(\alpha\)-tocopherol were observed in oils encapsulated with \(\beta\)-CD. Similar losses in \(\alpha\)-tocopherol in spray-dried powders have been reported in other studies. For example, in the study by [PERSON] et al. [48], the \(\alpha\)-tocopherol content in spray-dried rapeseed oil decreased by 16.8%, while \(\delta\)-tocopherol was completely degraded. In encapsulated linseed oil, \(\alpha\)-tocopherol remained stable, while it decreased by 54.7% in the encapsulated safflower oil. [PERSON] et al. [47] investigated the effects of drying temperature on the changes in individual tocopherol homologues in yellow-grained rapeseed oil and reported that the losses in \(\alpha\)-tocopherol did not exceed 2% when drying was at 40 \({}^{\circ}\)C and 60 \({}^{\circ}\)C while increasing the temperature to 100 \({}^{\circ}\)C and 120 \({}^{\circ}\)C resulted in higher losses in \(\alpha\)-tocopherol (23%). In the study by [PERSON] et al. [42], the loss in the total tocopherol content in encapsulated evening primrose oil was about 60%, while lower losses of 9.5% and 15% were found for encapsulated forage and red cabbage oil. The carotenoid profile of the encapsulated SBOs was the same as that of the non-encapsulated oil, which was characterized by the following compounds: carotenoid zeaxanthin, \(\beta\)-cryptoxanthin, \(\gamma\)-carotene, cis-\(\gamma\)-carotene, and \(\beta\)-carotene in free form and the esterified forms of zeaxanthin (zeaxanthin-myristate, zeaxanthin-palmitate, zeaxanthin-palmitate), lutein (lutein-palmitate, lutein di-myristate, lutein di-palmitate, lutein-palmitate-stearate), and \(\beta\)-crypoxanthin (\(\beta\)-cryptoxanthin-palmitate). The total content of carotenoids in the encapsulated SBOs varied between 114.68 and 173.76 mg/100 g. The most abundant compounds were zeaxanthin and lutein esters as follows: zeaxanthin di-palmitate (34.53-54.61 mg/100 g), zeaxanthin-palmitate-myristate (27.01-27.25 mg/100 g), zeaxanthin-palmitate (16.83-24.78 mg/100 g), lutein di-palmitate (16.00-22.36 mg/100 g), and zeaxanthin-myristate (9.51-23.44 mg/100 g). Lutein-palmitate, lutein di-myristate, and \(\beta\)-cryptoxanthin-palmitate were identified in a significantly lower concentration (0.03-4.23 mg/100 g). The free forms of carotenoids accounted for less than 10% of the total carotenoids in encapsulated SBO, with the mass concentration of \(\beta\)-carotene ranging from 0.55 to 2.04 mg/100 g. ANOVA showed that the mass concentration of individual and total carotenoid contents decreased statistically significantly (\(p<\) 0.05) in all encapsulated oils compared to non-encapsulated oil, but no significant difference was found for \(\beta\)-carotene and lutein-palmitate in oil encapsulated with \(\beta\)-CD and non-encapsulated oil (Table 2). Furthermore, there were significant differences in carotenoid content between oils encapsulated with \(\beta\)-CD compared to GA and a mixture of GA and \(\beta\)-CD, with the exception of zeaxanthin-palmitate-myristate. The highest mass concentrations of total carotenoids determined by HPLC were found in oil encapsulated with \(\beta\)-CD, and a loss of less than 10% of \(\beta\)-carotene, lutein-palmitate, lutein di-palmitate, and zeaxanthin di-palmitate was observed. In addition, high retention was observed for \(\gamma\)-carotene (88.89%), cis \(\gamma\)-carotene (82.20%) zeaxanthin-myristate (81.82%), zeaxanthin-palmitate (79.90%), and lutein-palmitate-stearate (71.40%).