## 1 Introduction  
Several studies have focused on the problem of boundary layer flow (BLF) and heat transfer across a stretching/shrinking sheet [1]. Because of its importance in industrial and engineering processes, a significant amount of effort has been devoted to this area in recent years. The application of certain flows in engineering and technological operations includes refrigeration, electrical gadgets with fans, nuclear reactors, polyethylene extraction, steel fabrication, and many more. [PERSON] introduced the idea of flow across a stretching sheet by analytically solving the steady 2D flow through a linearly stretched plat [1]. [PERSON] further generalized this concept to a 3D example [2]. Numerous scholars have since investigated various facets of this form of movement [3; 4; 5; 6; 7; 8; 9; 10]. They examined fluid flow and even heat transfer properties of a permeable stretching sheet of convective boundary conditions (BCs), viscous dissipation, and several types of fluid. [PERSON] was the first to invent the phrase \"nanofluid\" (NF) in 1995 [11], which is a mixture that improves the physical and chemical properties of a fluid using nanoparticles. Currently, the importance of energy consumption has led scientists to optimize thermal devices. One of the solutions proposed for this purpose is using solid nanoparticles to amend the thermal properties of conventional viscous fluids. Furthermore, a different type of NF, called a hybrid nanofluid (HNF), is being studied to boost the mass transfer coefficient even more. HNF is an enhanced NF composed of two unique nanoparticles, while ordinary NF consists of a special nanoparticle that absorbs the base fluid. The chemical compositions of HNF are then improved, which improves mass transfer efficiency. Most of the studies investigated the BLF and mass transfer. The concept of HNF has been the subject of extensive scientific studies. It was proven that hybrid nanofluids can be an alternative to the single nanofluid,because it can provide more heat transfer enhancement, particularly in the contexts of solar energy, electromechanics and automobile use. [PERSON] et al. studied the radiation effect on inclined MHD flow and found the exact solution for the flow over the porous media by considering different boundary conditions, such as on the studied MHD flow with CNTs by considering the impact of mass transpiration and radiation, on the flow and heat transfer with chemical reaction in porous media, as well as on the unsteady inclined MHD flow for Casson HNF due to porous media [12; 13]. Moreover, [PERSON] and [PERSON] [14] performed a comparison between the significance of HNF and NF on MHD flow and heat transfer by considering the effect of partial slip. The flow of MHD in such a particular case was first explored by [PERSON] [15] and [PERSON] [16]. [PERSON] et al. [17] investigated the MHD effect on a Newtonian fluid flow due to a super-linear stretching sheet. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [18] and [PERSON] [19] examined the MHD flow due to a shrinking sheet and a stretching sheet, respectively. [PERSON] [20] examined the MHD flow, heat and mass transfer of viscoelastic fluid with slip over the stretching surface, and obtained multiple solutions. [PERSON] et al. [21; 22] investigated the effect of HNF on heat transfer and the formation of HNF out of (Al\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{3}\)-Cu/H\({}_{2}\)O). [PERSON] et al. [23] also investigated the MHD flow over a nonlinear stretching/shrinking sheet and the impact of slip on it in a porous medium. On the other hand, many studies have been conducted on HNF flow, MHD HNF flow due to a quadratic stretching/shrinking sheet, radiative mixed convective flow, and also dusty HNF [24; 25]. Furthermore, recent developments and applications of HNF were investigated in Refs. [26; 27]. The Marangoni convection is stress due to the transverse gradient of surface tension that is acting along interfaces to produce movements in liquid-liquid or liquid-gas interfaces in some industrial processes.