## 5 Wireless Han
### Wireless Networks Suitability to Functional Area Requirements  
Smart home distributed applications have their own requisites in terms of bandwidth, auxiliary services such as secure data transmission, data authentication, and so on. A first criterion to consider is to trace data rate requirements as a function of the application as depicted in Figure 3. In addition, bandwidth needs between a minimum and a maximum can be consulted in Table 3. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Functional Area**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Application**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Data Rate Requirements**} & **Reference** \\ \cline{3-6}  & & & **Minimum** & **Maximum** & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Energy Management} & \multirow{4}{*}{A} & Activation and deactivation of home appliances/HVAC Control/Lighting System & & & \\  & & Real time energy consumption & 2.4 kb/s & 250 kb/s & [76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82] \\ \cline{2-6}  & & Smart Meters & & & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Health} & \multirow{2}{*}{B} & Low Bandwidth (\(<\)250 kb/s) & Pulse Commeter/ Blood Pressure & & \\  & & Medium Bandwidth (250 kb/s-1 Mb/s) & & & \\  & & High Bandwidth (250 kb/s) & & & \\  & & High Bandwidth \(>\)1 Mb/s & Capsule Endoscopy & & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Surveillance and Security Systems} & \multirow{4}{*}{C} & Simple Alarms/Detections Sensors & & & \\  & & CCTV Surveillance Camera & 200 kb/s & 54 Mb/s & [76, 86, 87] \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{2-6}  & & HD Video Surveillance & & & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Multimedia} & \multirow{2}{*}{D} & Stereo Audio & & & \\  & & Standard Definition TV (SDTV) & 250 kb/s & 500 Mb/s & [33, 34, 88] \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{2-6}  & & Whole Home distribution of HD Video & & & \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{2-6}  & & and Content & & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Data rate specifications according to application area. Home metering data transmission along with energy management services shows the lowest communication bandwidth. Due to its low data requirement, simple low power RF protocol can meet this specification from M-Bus to 802.15.4 based protocols. On the contrary, the number of applications that may be deployed for home health care solutions is, in terms of bandwidth, very wide. In demanding implementations, the data throughput rate can reach 15 Mb/s. Surveillance and Security Systems may require high bandwidth depending on the task to be performed. Intrusion detection and access control are medium intensive data transmission tasks even though events signalization such as alarms activation should be processed by the communication medium with low latency. If the security system includes video capture based surveillance, the number of frames as well the video resolution will have a strong impact on gross bandwidth needs. Among the four Smart Home application areas, the multimedia services demand the highest data rate. In Table 4, we cross the specific application requirements with the main attributes to characterise a HAN communication infrastructure. In the first hand, the bandwidth necessities are clearly different being this is the first criterion of differentiation between functional areas. On the other hand, it has to be seen if HAN requirements comply with the home application necessities. From the set of analysed functional areas, the healthcare field seems to be the most demanding one, since the integration onto or into the human body of electronic devices for diagnostic, therapeutic, or surgical function have to comply with very restricted technical and biological requirements [84, 85]. It is the only functional area that requires high portability medical devices that must be designed with a high-energy optimization concern in a way to maximize the lifetime of power supply (e.g., the battery). Given that the patients need to have a high autonomy, it must be assured that the QoS of transmission cannot be corrupted by electromagnetic interference or by transmission anomalies generated in the patient's radio.