## 3 Results and Discussion
### Results and Discussion Regarding Hypothesis 1
* pH--high 7.81 and low 7.11, high 7.59 and low 7.16, high 7.56 and low 7.32;
* Nitrate (mg/L)--high **18.9** and low **6.7**, high **15.8** and low **6.5**, high **15.8** and low **6.5**;
* Total Hardness (mg/L)--high **616.8** and low **161.3**, high 558.4 and low **142.1**, high 492.9 and low **141.9**;
* Chloride (mg/L)--high 519.8 and low **104.2**, high 487.6 and low **98.7**, high 395.3 and low **75.3**;
* Fluoride (mg/L)--high **0.8** and low **0.4**, high **0.7** and low **0.4**, high **0.5** and low **0.3**;
* TDS (mg/L)--high 1439.1 and low **338.0**, high 1275.6 and low **312.4**, high 1103.2 and low **217.2**;
* Calcium (mg/L)--high 95.9 and low **34.7**, high 98.7 and low **31.5**, high 88.5 and low **32.4**;
* Magnesium (mg/L)--high 90.5 and low **17.9**, high 72.4 and low **12.8**, high 65.2 and low **12.4**;
* Sulfate (mg/L)--high **101.9** and low **15.9**, high **95.2** and low **11.5**, high **102.5** and low **15.2**;
* Alkalinity (mg/L)--high 214.7 and low **9.1**, high **187.8** and low **85.7**, high **175.8** and low **779.4**. Figure 3: Parameter’s pH, nitrate, total hardness and chloride of the Nangloi district for pre-monsoon, monsoon, and post-monsoon period (author’s creation). Figure 4: Parameter’s fluoride, TDS, calcium and magnesium of Nangloi district for pre-monsoon, monsoon, and post-monsoon period (author’s creation). The pH levels at all stations in the Karol Bagh district during the three monsoonal periods are within the acceptable limits. However, for most of the stations marked in bold, the rest of the parameters exceed the limits specified in the BIS standard for drinking water (BIS standard 10500:2012). The parameters for the 12 water samples collected from the four stations in the Okhla Industrial Area during the three monsoonal periods (pre-monsoon, monsoon, and post-monsoon) are displayed in Figures 9-11. * pH--high 8.45 and low 7.84, high 8.21 and low 7. 67, high 7.92 and low 7.54;
* Nitrate (mg/L)--high **32.6** and low **12.9**, high **28.1** and low **12.9**, high **28.1** and low **9.5**;
* Total Hardness (mg/L)--high **703.6** and low 469.9, high 586.8 and low 416.7, high 576.8 and low 384.0;
* Chloride (mg/L)--high 557.9 and low 341.3, high 541.5 and low 328.9, high 521.8 and low 342.1;
* Fluoride (mg/L)--high **0.7** and low **0.4**, high **0.5** and low **0.3**, high--0.5 and low **0.2**;
* TDS (mg/L)--high 1500.4 and low 998.9, high 1295.3 and low 934.4, high 1320.6 and low 908.0;
* Calcium (mg/L)--high 117.6 and low 83.8, high 106.9 and low 75.5, high 109.4 and low **71.6**;
* Magnesium (mg/L)--high 98.3 and low 60.1, high 77.3 and low 54.7, high 72.8 and low 49.2;
* Sulfate (mg/L)--high **115.4** and low **67.9**, high **104.1** and **67.9**, high **98.7** and low **61.9**;  
Figure 5: Parameter’s sulphate, and alkalinity of the Nangloi district for pre-monsoon, monsoon, and post-monsoon period (author’s creation). * [2024] Alkalinity (mg/L)--high 220.8 and low **175.1**, high **198.6** and low **156.3**, high **179.2** and low **152.9**. Figure 6: Parameter’s Ph, nitrate, total hardness and chloride of Karol Bagh district for pre-monsoon, monsoon, and post-monsoon period (author’s creation). Figure 7: Parameter’s fluoride, TDS, calcium and magnesium of the Karol Bagh district for the pre-monsoon, monsoon, and post-monsoon period (author’s creation). The pH, magnesium, TDS, and chloride levels at all stations in the Okhla Industrial Area during the three monsoonal periods are within the acceptable limits. However, for most of the stations marked in bold, the rest of the parameters exceed the limits specified in the BIS standard for drinking water (BIS standard 10500:2012). pH Level: If the pH level in water is too high, it will generate calcium and magnesium carbonate in your pipelines and may cause dry skin, itching, and irritation. The taste of the water may also become bitter.