## 5 Conclusions
Future research should focus on developing such frameworks further, incorporating user feedback into iterative design processes, and exploring the potential of emerging XR technologies (e.g., haptic feedback and advanced interaction modalities) to further enhance user engagement and accessibility. The scalability of these methodologies across different cultural heritage sites and user demographics also needs further investigation. The impact of these technologies on accessibility for users with disabilities is another critical area for future research. The lack of standardized UX design frameworks specifically for XR applications in cultural heritage presents a significant hurdle. The rapidly evolving nature of XR technologies also poses a challenge, requiring continuous adaptation and refinement of UX design methodologies. The complexity of developing and deploying XR applications, particularly those involving high-fidelity 3D models and immersive interactions, presents a significant challenge. The cost of development, including hardware and software, as well as expertise in XR development and UX design, can limit scalability. However, the emergence of user-friendly XR development tools and platforms could potentially address this challenge. The adoption of open-source frameworks like 5 DMETEORA [142], which automates the dissemination of 3D and 2D content for customized XR experiences, can also contribute to increased scalability and accessibility. Further research into the development of more efficient and cost-effective design processes and the assessment of the newly proposed framework are essential. In this context, future work could explore adapting selected XR applications developed in these case studies to web-based environments using technologies such as WebGL or WebXR, enhancing their accessibility and long-term impact beyond the original academic settings. Online multi-user virtual worlds, including the Spatial XR, Web3, and Metaverse ([[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metaverse](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metaverse)]([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metaverse](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metaverse)), accessed on 3 July 2025) concepts, provide new collaboration opportunities, including for DCH preservation and sharing. Development of these new technologies is still rapidly advancing, and audiences now expect photo-realistic visuals in XR museums and cultural heritage sites. Our culture is influenced by computer-generated images, and understanding their impact requires combining insights from various academic disciplines. Many museums and heritage sites are adopting sophisticated computer-generated visuals, replacing traditional learning materials with 3D, interactive, and multi-user environments. Digitalization is crucial for preserving the rich living heritage of marginalized groups. For instance, Google and UNESCO's collaboration on the Google World Wonders Project makes world heritage more accessible globally. Researchers and practitioners must continuously evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of XR technologies, especially considering the significant development costs for complex scenarios of use such as DCH sharing applications. Real development experience via internships and real-world design teamwork experience are vital for students to gain practical HCD tailoring skills. The CH XR HCD use case reviews showcased how a framework of multiple standard HCI methods in real-world settings can provide informative usability insights. Learning-by-doing helps acquire valuable skills for HCI method tailoring and framework development. Smaller project development experiences are great for building skills and problem-solving awareness for future application design and evaluation and prepare the individuals of the team to bring their expertise to the team and guide larger projects successfully. While the case studies presented illustrate the application of XR in diverse cultural heritage scenarios, the need for a more structured framework to guide adaptation across different contexts remains evident.