# Review of Monitoring and Control Systems Based on Internet of Things
## 3 Monitoring and Control Systems Based on IoT
### Monitoring and Control Systems for Smart Agriculture Based on IoT  
The development of technology in recent decades has revolutionized many areas of life, including agriculture. Modern agriculture increasingly uses advanced technological solutions that enable production optimization, increased efficiency and cost reduction. One key element of this transformation is monitoring and control systems based on IoT technology. The IoT in agriculture, or precision agriculture, involves using various sensors, devices and analytical systems to collect and analyze data in real time. Introducing IoT systems to agriculture brings many benefits, from monitoring soil and weather conditions through irrigation management to remotely controlling agricultural machines. This makes it possible to increase yields and manage natural resources more sustainably, which is particularly important in the context of climate change and growing requirements for environmental protection. [PERSON] et al. in [46] discuss the transition from manual methods of parameter verification to automated systems using temperature and humidity sensors. They highlighted the development of algorithms programmed into microcontroller-based gateways for effective crop monitoring. Integrating photovoltaic panels for power and a cellular internet interface provides additional functionality to the system. Additionally, advances in wireless networks enable the creation of innovative farming solutions, including remotely controlled GPS-based robots for various tasks such as weeding, spraying, and measuring humidity. The basic components of the intelligent monitoring system are an Arduino Uno microcontroller board, a GSM modern for communication, a soil moisture sensor, a humidity sensor, a PIR sensor, an LCD, a speaker and ThingSpeak for IoT analysis. These components work together to collect data from the field continuously, compare it to predefined thresholds, and initiate appropriate actions such as turning on fans to regulate temperature or sending alerts to the farmer via SMS or IoT platforms such as ThingSpeak. The system works by continuously collecting data from sensors in the field, including temperature, soil moisture and human presence. When values exceeding predefined thresholds are detected, appropriate actions are initiated, such as turning on fans to regulate the temperature or sending alerts to the farmer via SMS or IoT platforms such as ThingSpeak. The cyclical process ensures real-time monitoring and timely interventions, ultimately leading to the optimization of agricultural practices. A visual representation of the system's work process is presented in a flowchart, illustrating the sequential steps involved in data collection, analysis and action initiation. Implementing smart agricultural monitoring systems is proving to be very beneficial for farmers. These systems enable them to receive relevant information and data in real time that can be used to make quick decisions. Farmers can receive alerts and monitor field conditions remotely using a GSM modern and Wi-Fi modules, enabling quick interventions and ensuring optimal crop health. [PERSON] et al. in [47] presents a comprehensive agricultural monitoring system based on IoT technology that uses various sensors such as temperature, humidity, soil moisture and PIR sensors. The data collected by these sensors is transmitted to the microcontroller via the RS232 interface. The control section compares the collected data to the threshold values. If the data exceed the threshold, an audible alarm sounds, and the LED flashes. An alarm is sent as a message to the farmer, after which the power automatically turns off. In manual mode, the user can turn the microcontroller on and off using a button in the Android mobile application, which is carried out using the GSM module. In automatic mode, the microcontroller is turned on and off automatically if the value exceeds the threshold point, and the user automatically receives an alert via SMS.