## 1 Introduction  
The proliferation of nanotechnology has led to a surge in the production of goods containing nanoscale materials. These nanomaterials, measuring between 1 nm and 100 nm, exhibit unique physical, chemical, and biological properties that distinguish them from their larger counterparts. Their widespread use spans diverse sectors, including textiles, electronics, cosmetics, biomedicine, and pharmaceuticals [1; 2; 3; 4]. One such innovation is the emergence of silica nanoparticles (SiNPs), characterized by their distinctive physicochemical attributes. SiNPs find applications in an array of fields, ranging from construction and microelectronics to cosmetics, consumer products, agriculture, industrial manufacturing, food production, and biomedical and pharmaceutical domains [5; 6; 7]. However, it is worth noting that studies have pointed to potential hazards associated with the use of SiNPs, with indications of cytotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, genotoxicity, and immunotoxicity [8]. In addition, Human health effects associated with silica exposure, especially crystalline silica (0.5-10 \(\upmu\)m), have been widely studied. Occupational exposure to crystalline silica induces silicosis in workers (a fibrotic lung disease) and is also associated with lung cancer, emphysema, and pulmonary tuberculosis [9]. The mechanisms underlying nanoparticle toxicity are multifaceted, with oxidative stress being a prominent contributor. Oxidative stress arises from an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the biological system's capacity to neutralize these harmful intermediates [10; 11; 12]. Within this context, SiNPs have been implicated in causing cellular damage through ROS-mediated actions [13]. Existing research predominantly aligns with the idea that oxidative stress and ROS production are recurrently observed in the context of nanoparticle toxicity [14; 15], although a comprehensive understanding of nanoparticle interactions with biological systems and their potential toxicity remains incomplete. Recent scientific investigations have turned their attention to plants and vegetable oils as abundant sources of various substances, many of which operate through antioxidant mechanisms [16]. These substances play crucial roles in quenching ROS, preventing lipid peroxidation, and bolstering cellular antioxidant defenses [17; 18]. Vegetable oils and plants are currently the focus of scientific research because they are abundant sources of many different chemicals, many of which function through antioxidant mechanisms. These compounds are essential for quenching ROS, stopping lipid peroxidation, and boosting cellular antioxidant defenses [17; 18; 19; 20]. The _Oleacae_ family, which is distinguished by its abundance of olein, includes the wild olive tree, also known scientifically as _Olea europaea_ oleaster. Mediterranean flora includes olives produced by olive trees [21]. While information about the oil extracted from wild olive trees remains limited, particularly regarding its composition when compared to oil derived from cultivated olive trees, certain studies have indicated that oleaster oil boasts higher levels of antioxidants and oleic acid, underscoring its substantial phytochemical potential. Oleaster oil contains higher levels of oleic acid and antioxidants than oil from other olive cultivars according to recent research [22]. The nutritional advantages of olives are derived from their abundance of molecules that possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, including polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), monounsaturated fatty acids like oleic acid, and phenolic compounds [23]. Olive oil is distinguished from other oils that are high in monounsaturated fats (MUFAs) by its unique composition, which comprises phenolic compounds, hydrocarbons, chlorophylls, and carotenoids. These componentsare recognized for their robust antioxidant properties.