# Photovoltaics on Landmark Buildings with Distinctive Geometries
## 5 Conclusions  
Landmark buildings are architecturally convenient for application of PV systems for many reasons. Their size and shape are larger than of neighbour objects, and their architectural appearance does not necessarily need to be in accordance with that of the surrounding buildings. Since landmark buildings are built with larger budgets, they are often authored by renowned architectural offices and well-known architects. Design of these objects allows participation of many disciplines and sometimes presumes some technological developments and advancements. It is important to stress that the aim of landmark objects equipped with PV system is mainly their impact on society. Such impact is sometimes related to advanced aesthetics (Novartis Campus), environmental neutrality (Maracana Stadium), technological advantage (Apple Headquarter) and energy production (Copenhagen International School, Kaohsiung National Stadium, Powerhouse Brattorkaia, Umwelt Arena).  
Furthermore, the examined samples have shown several other parameters of architectural performance: definition and articulation of the fifth facade, PV emphasizing distinctive geometry of architectural buildings, PV contributing to specific geometry of architectural buildings, PV as architectural accent, total integration of PV into the building skin and peculiar PV elements.  
Since the examined samples were different, the general conclusions could be applied to many other similar landmark buildings. The results of this study, i.e., the systematization of selected landmark buildings according to the seven architectural performance parameters, might also be a starting point, as emblematic examples, of the fruitful collaboration between architects and engineers when designing a PV equipped building. The high architectural quality of the PV integration in the selected landmark buildings has been confirmed by the analysis of the architectural integration quality, context sensitivity and system visibility conducted with the LESO-QSV method [24].  
Building a landmark object with an integrated PV system can be an affordable option as it obtains the energy independence for the institution that owns the object and sometimes for its neighbourhood. It also represents the idea of sustainability and environmental responsibility, sending a strong message to its surroundings. Finally, it brings new aesthetics and contributes to the architectural performance of the PV equipped object.  
Conceptualization, M.D., B.-G.B. and D.D.; methodology, M.D. and G.L.; sample analysis, M.D., D.D. and M.R.; investigation, G.L.; writing--original draft preparation, M.D., M.N.; writing--review and editing, A.K.-F., B.-G.B., G.L. and G.M.; supervision, G.L. and G.M. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
This research received no external funding.  
The authors wish to thank the Schlaich Bergermann Partner, Apple, [PERSON], [PERSON], CECI Engineering Consultant Inc. for both photos and data consents. This publication is based on work from COST Action CA16235 PEARL PV ([[https://www.pearlpv-cost.eu/](https://www.pearlpv-cost.eu/)]([https://www.pearlpv-cost.eu/](https://www.pearlpv-cost.eu/))) supported by COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology, [[https://www.cost.eu](https://www.cost.eu)]([https://www.cost.eu](https://www.cost.eu))).  
The authors declare no conflict of interest.