# OTSU Multi-Threshold Image Segmentation Based on Improved Particle Swarm Algorithm
## 5 Experimental Analysis
### Segmentation Experiment and Results
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Metric Name** & **Image** & **k** & **WOA** & **BOA** & **PSO** & **OURS** \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{Image1(000019)} & 2 & 11.4924 & 12.6732 & 13.0284 & **13.7823** \\ \cline{2-6}  & 4 & 12.5075 & 13.7829 & 14.1673 & **14.7642** \\ \cline{2-6}  & 6 & 16.5389 & 17.2659 & 17.8454 & **19.6037** \\ \cline{2-6}  & 8 & 19.8595 & 20.4863 & 20.5269 & **21.3771** \\ \cline{2-6}  & 2 & 13.1415 & 13.7986 & **14.5376** & 14.1383 \\ \cline{2-6}  & 4 & 14.1361 & 14.5284 & 15.3228 & **15.6705** \\ \cline{2-6}  & 6 & 17.9243 & 17.9988 & 18.3650 & **19.3411** \\ \cline{2-6}  & 8 & 18.5029 & 19.2229 & 20.9130 & **21.9703** \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{PSNR} & 2 & 13.3784 & 13.7194 & 13.7913 & **14.2379** \\ \cline{2-6}  & 4 & 13.6647 & 14.1434 & 14.9181 & **15.4509** \\ \cline{2-6}  & 6 & 15.8758 & 16.4661 & 17.4344 & **18.6340** \\ \cline{2-6}  & 8 & 17.3109 & 17.6060 & 19.4388 & **20.3651** \\ \cline{2-6}  & 2 & 13.6386 & 13.5726 & 14.4871 & **15.9936** \\ \cline{2-6}  & 4 & 14.3408 & 14.7052 & 15.6358 & **15.7378** \\ \cline{2-6}  & 6 & 15.9297 & 16.6595 & 17.2260 & **18.2881** \\ \cline{2-6}  & 8 & 16.6926 & 16.8525 & 17.4432 & **19.6017** \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{Image5(004423)} & 2 & 15.1932 & 15.8189 & 15.5466 & **15.7275** \\ \cline{2-6}  & 4 & 15.5115 & 16.2379 & **16.9289** & 16.8156 \\ \cline{2-6}  & 6 & 17.5728 & 18.8819 & 20.8917 & **21.7370** \\ \cline{2-6}  & 8 & 18.6900 & 19.9407 & 21.9854 & **23.3966** \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{Image6(006404)} & 2 & 13.8768 & 13.8550 & **14.9768** & 14.9706 \\ \cline{2-6}  & 4 & 14.6173 & 14.7452 & 14.8361 & **15.7539** \\ \cline{2-6}  & 6 & 16.5043 & 17.5922 & 18.7453 & **19.1893** \\ \cline{2-6}  & 8 & 17.8543 & 18.5252 & 20.7008 & **21.1228** \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: Comparison of SSIM in images a–f. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Metric Name** & **Image** & **k** & **WOA** & **BOA** & **PSO** & **OURS** \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{Image1(000019)} & 2 & 11.4924 & 12.6732 & 13.0284 & **13.7823** \\ \cline{2-6}  & 4 & 12.5075 & 13.7829 & 14.1673 & **14.7642** \\ \cline{2-6}  & 6 & 16.5389 & 17.2659 & 17.8454 & **19.6037** \\ \cline{2-6}  & 8 & 19.8595 & 20.4863 & 20.5269 & **21.3771** \\ \cline{2-6}  & 2 & 13.1415 & 13.7986 & **14.5376** & 14.1383 \\ \cline{2-6}  & 4 & 14.1361 & 14.5284 & 15.3228 & **15.6705** \\ \cline{2-6}  & 6 & 17.9243 & 17.9988 & 18.3650 & **19.3411** \\ \cline{2-6}  & 8 & 18.5029 & 19.2229 & 20.9130 & **21.9703** \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{Image3(001478)} & 2 & 13.3784 & 13.7194 & 13.7913 & **14.2379** \\ \cline{2-6}  & 4 & 13.6647 & 14.1434 & 14.9181 & **15.4509** \\ \cline{2-6}  & 6 & 15.8758 & 16.4661 & 17.4344 & **18.6340** \\ \cline{2-6}  & 8 & 17.3109 & 17.6060 & 19.4388 & **20.3651** \\ \cline{2-6}  & 2 & 13.6386 & 13.5726 & 14.4871 & **15.9936** \\ \cline{2-6}  & 4 & 14.3408 & 14.7052 & 15.6358 & **15.7378** \\ \cline{2-6}  & 6 & 15.9297 & 16.6595 & 17.2260 & **18.2881** \\ \cline{2-6}  & 8 & 16.6926 & 16.8525 & 17.4432 & **19.6017** \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{Image5(004423)} & 2 & 15.1932 & 15.8189 & 15.5466 & **15.7275** \\ \cline{2-6}  & 4 & 15.5115 & 16.2379 & **16.9289** & 16.8156 \\ \cline{2-6}  & 6 & 17.5728 & 18.8819 & 20.8917 & **21.7370** \\ \cline{2-6}  & 8 & 18.6900 & 19.9407 & 21.9854 & **23.3966** \\ \cline{2-6}  & 2 & 13.8768 & 13.8550 & **14.9768** & 14.9706 \\ \cline{2-6}  & 4 & 14.6173 & 14.7452 & 14.8361 & **15.7539** \\ \cline{2-6}  & 6 & 16.5043 & 17.5922 & 18.7453 & **19.1893** \\ \cline{2-6}  & 8 & 17.8543 & 18.5252 & 20.7008 & **21.1228** \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Comparison of PSNR in images a–f.