## 2 Review of Literature
### The Proposal to Assess the Logistics Process Based on Five Steps
Decomposition of the process at level I allowed identifying sub-processes, which in turn consist of activities (process decomposition--level II, Figure 6). Operations are performed within the frameworks of the activities that may consist of one or more activities. A message is required for the operations to be executed, and it may consist of one or more data needed to perform them. In step 3 of the method developed, activities, operations and messages should be identified. Therefore, the G process is a set of sub-processes, activities, operations, messages and relations between them:  
\[G=\{A,\ D,\ B,\ I,\ W\} \tag{1}\]  
where:  
\(G=\{A\}\) process is a set of sub-processes, where \(A=\)[\(a_{1},\ \ldots\ a_{n}\)];  
Figure 6: Event tree—general model [38]. \(A=\{D\}\), sub-processes are a set of activities, where \(D=\{d_{1},\,\ldots\,d_{m}\}\); \(D=(I,\,B)\) activity is a set of messages and operations, where \(B=\{b_{1},\,\ldots\,b_{m}\}\) and \(I=\{I_{1},\,\ldots\,I_{m}\}\); \(W=\{Y\}\) set of relations of the \(G\) process. The activity is a set of operations and messages; based on the definition of activity, it can be deduced that the number of operations and messages equals the number of activities. For individual activities, operations and messages, the notation is as follows:  
\[d_{m}=(I_{m},b_{m}) \tag{2}\]  
\[b_{m}=\left\{e_{(m,V)},\,\ldots,e_{(m,V)}\right\} \tag{3}\]  
\[I_{m}=\left\{i_{(m,u)},\,\ldots,i_{(m,U)}\right\} \tag{4}\]  
and:  
\(G\)-process;  
\(d_{m}\)-activity;  
\(I_{m}\)-message in the consecutive action \(m\);  
\(b_{m}\)-operation in the consecutive activity \(m\);  
\(e(m,v)\)-action in the consecutive activity \(m\);  
\(i(m,u)\)-data in the message in the consecutive activity \(m\);  
\(n\)-sub-process number, for \(n=\{1,\,\ldots\,,\,N\}\);  
\(m\)-activity number, for m = \(\{1,\,\ldots\,,\,M\}\);  
\(v\)-number of the consecutive activity in the execution of the operation \(b_{m}\), for \(v=\{1,\,\ldots\,,\,V\}\);  
\(u\)-consecutive number of data in the message, \(I_{m}\), for \(u=\{1,\,\ldots\,,\,U\}\). Step 4-Determining the quality of operations and messages  
In the studied process, an analysis of activities carried out within separate sub-processes should be carried out. In each of these activities, messages and operations are identified:  
(a) operation quality analysis \(b_{m}\)  
The operation bm is a physical execution of a single or many activities by the contractor. Therefore, when analyzing operations, the time it takes to execute these activities is considered. Based on the studies carried out for each operation, it should be affirmed how many of these operations are not performed in a timely manner. If a given operation has a \"predetermined\" time of execution, the task is simple because the untimely execution of this operation is higher than the value of this predetermined threshold. However, if the given operations within the process do not have such values specified, the time it takes to perform these operations should be measured, and based on the results obtained, the level above which the operation is considered to be delayed should be determined. It should also be determined at the exceedance of what value the undesirable effects occur, e.g., the consecutive operation commences with a delay. (b) analysis of the message quality \(I_{m}\)  
A message is necessary for the execution of the operation (Figure 5). The following information is needed to analyze a message: the input information, the type of message (e.g., e-mail, document), and who is the sender and recipient of the message. On the basis of the identified sender, recipient and all data contained in the message, it is necessary to specify what data are necessary for the performance of a particular operation. The content of the communicated message is of utmost importance, and on this basis, the data quality is assessed according to specific attributes (parameters). The parameters impacting the assessment of the message quality are accuracy, completeness, believability, actuality and intelligibility.