## 1 Introduction  
Most of the energy from the sun arrives in the form of visible light and near-infrared electromagnetic radiation. The wavelengths measuring from 2 to 2.6 \(\upmu\)m and 3 to 6 \(\upmu\)m are also known as near- and mid-infrared Earth's Atmospheric Transparency Window (ATW) [1]. Over the last decade, ATW research has drawn the attention of researchers after the concept of a perfect metamaterial absorber (PMA) in the gigahertz (GHz) frequency range was published [2, 3]. Metamaterial absorbers (MA) in ATW offer various potential applications such as enhanced performance of solar radiation to energy conversion [4, 5, 6],radiation of heat into outer space [7], cooling of sky-facing objects [8], and direct electric power generation [9]. Moreover, atmospheric phenomena not related to radiation from space represent another subject of intensive research. Camouflage technology [10], invisible cloaks [11], antennas [12; 13], super lenses [14], sensors [15; 16; 17; 18; 19], filters [20] and physical property detection [21] are some non-atmospheric applications. With the rapid improvement of simulation software and new measuring tools, real breakthroughs are being discovered every moment by researchers. Metamaterial absorbers have some unique electromagnetic properties such as negative permeability and permittivity. In 1967, [PERSON]'s theoretical explanation [22] followed by [PERSON]'s et al. illustration [23] showed that the properties of a metamaterial depend on the physical structure of the unit cell rather than the chemical properties of the metamaterial. By changing the shape or structure of a unit cell, absorption characteristics can be defined, enabling a variety of absorption-related applications [24; 25]. Maintaining high absorption is usually achieved by introducing periodic unit cells [26]. The MA is also known as a perfect metamaterial absorber (PMA) when it completely absorbs a specific frequency [27]. Among the recent studies, in [28], a net-shaped graphene sheet MA for terahertz application is presented, achieving an absorption bandwidth from 1.27 THz to 2.59 THz. In [18], [PERSON] et al. presented a triple-band MA with three narrow absorption bands at 3.56 THz, 10.38 THz, and 12.96 THz with 99.57%, 99.98%, and 99.76% absorption, respectively. The article also discusses other MAs for solar-energy conversion, artificial colour, thermal emotion, and various optoelectronic applications. A broadband MA was discussed in [18], covering wavelengths larger than 1300 nm with more than 90% absorption. Periodic GaAs (gallium arsenide) was used on a tungsten film to construct the MA. On the other hand, a six-band terahertz MA was designed on an InSb substrate with a cross-cave metallic resonator that absorbs from 0.4 THz to 2.2 THz [21]. The peak absorption frequency of this MA can be altered by adjusting the temperature. As a result, it is useful for temperature sensing. A wideband metamaterial absorber for thermal-energy harvesting is shown in [25]. Within the bandwidths of 142-159 THz, 183-200 THz, and 233-245 THz, it bears an absorption of more than 80%. Although this particular MA has applications in thermal emission, photodetection, sensing, and solar energy harvesting, its bandwidth is quite restricted. Regarding the near-infrared region, an MA was presented in [29], in which a gold resonator is placed on a SiO\({}_{2}\) substrate. However, this approach is not cost-effective as it requires a gold resonator. A broadband plasmonic light absorber based on a tungsten meander ring-resonator was designed and analyzed numerically in [30]. A multipole titanium layer was used in [26] to extend the absorption bandwidth, but this approach renders the fabrication process more complex. Researchers in [31] employ FR-4 as dielectric material and copper (Cu) in the bottom layer. However, both FR-4 and Cu are not transparent, which represents a disadvantage in the optical spectrum. Meanwhile, [32] utilize transparent materials such as Tu and SiO\({}_{2}\), but their model did not achieve angular stability.