## 2 Results
### The Metabolic and Hormonal Parameters in Diabetic and Aging Rats
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Groups**} & **Body** & \multirow{2}{*}{**Tests Weight, g**} & **GSI, arb.** & **Glucose\({}_{\ast}\)** & **HbAlc\({}_{\ast}\)** & **Insulin, ng/mL \#** & **Leptin, ng/mL \#** & **LH, pg/mL \#** \\ \hline Young+dmso & \(315\pm 8\) & \(3.84\pm 0.15\) & \(1.22\pm 0.03\) & \(5.2\pm 0.2\) & \(4.10\pm 0.11\) & \(0.70\pm 0.16\) & \(2.45\pm 0.35\) & \(1.97\pm 0.27\) \\ \hline Young+TP & \(320\pm 5\) & \(4.02\pm 0.11\) & \(1.26\pm 0.02\) & \(5.3\pm 0.2\) & \(4.20\pm 0.13\) & \(0.76\pm 0.14\) & \(2.34\pm 0.40\) & \(1.30\pm 0.17\) \\ \hline Young+saline & \(329\pm 7\) & \(3.90\pm 0.05\) & \(1.19\pm 0.02\) & \(5.4\pm 0.1\) & \(4.24\pm 0.12\) & \(0.80\pm 0.14\) & \(2.60\pm 0.32\) & \(1.94\pm 0.24\) \\ \hline Young+hCG & \(322\pm 8\) & \(4.34\pm 0.14\)\({}^{\ast}\) & \(1.35\pm 0.03\)\({}^{\ast}\) & \(5.5\pm 0.2\) & \(4.12\pm 0.09\) & \(0.98\pm 0.15\) & \(2.64\pm 0.25\) & \(0.77\pm 0.11\)\({}^{\ast}\) \\ \hline Aging+dmso & \(451\pm 14\) & \(4.14\pm 0.19\) & \(0.92\pm 0.03\) & \(6.4\pm 0.4\) & \(4.78\pm 0.29\) & \(1.07\pm 0.15\) & \(3.23\pm 0.33\) & \(2.11\pm 0.27\) \\ \hline Aging+TP & \(454\pm 9\)\({}^{\ast}\) & \(4.36\pm 0.13\) & \(0.96\pm 0.02\)\({}^{\ast}\) & \(6.1\pm 0.3\) & \(4.48\pm 0.25\) & \(0.99\pm 0.16\) & \(3.13\pm 0.42\) & \(1.76\pm 0.23\) \\ \hline Aging+saline & \(458\pm 13\)\({}^{\ast}\) & \(4.16\pm 0.10\) & \(0.91\pm 0.05\)\({}^{\ast}\) & \(6.2\pm 0.3\) & \(4.68\pm 0.22\) & \(1.14\pm 0.20\) & \(3.38\pm 0.41\) & \(2.37\pm 0.32\) \\ \hline Aging+hGC & \(450\pm 6\)\({}^{\ast}\) & \(4.80\pm 0.18\)\({}^{\ast,\rm b}\) & \(1.07\pm 0.04\)\({}^{\ast}\) & \(6.4\pm 0.3\) & \(4.46\pm 0.29\) & \(1.08\pm 0.17\) & \(2.92\pm 0.26\) & \(0.83\pm 0.09\)\({}^{\ast,\rm b}\) \\ \hline Diab+dmos & \(284\pm 6\) & \(3.26\pm 0.07\) & \(1.15\pm 0.01\) & \(22.3\pm 2.1\) & \(7.36\pm 0.59\) & \(0.14\pm 0.04\) & \(1.39\pm 0.22\) & \(1.16\pm 0.19\) \\ \hline Diab+TP & \(283\pm 7\)\({}^{\ast}\) & \(3.44\pm 0.07\)\({}^{\ast}\) & \(1.22\pm 0.02\) & \(20.4\pm 1.8\)\({}^{\ast}\) & \(6.66\pm 0.20\)\({}^{\ast}\) & \(0.20\pm 0.05\)\({}^{\ast}\) & \(1.55\pm 0.21\)\({}^{\ast}\) & \(1.01\pm 0.20\)\({}^{\ast}\) \\ \hline Diab+saline & \(292\pm 8\) & \(3.30\pm 0.10\)\({}^{\ast}\) & \(1.13\pm 0.04\) & \(21.8\pm 1.6\)\({}^{\ast}\) & \(7.10\pm 0.42\)\({}^{\ast}\) & \(0.17\pm 0.06\)\({}^{\ast}\) & \(1.49\pm 0.22\)\({}^{\ast}\) & \(1.22\pm 0.22\) \\ \hline Diab+hCG & \(290\pm 7\)\({}^{\ast}\) & \(3.66\pm 0.11\) & \(1.26\pm 0.01\)\({}^{\ast}\) & \(19.1\pm 1.9\)\({}^{\ast}\) & \(6.44\pm 0.39\)\({}^{\ast}\) & \(0.16\pm 0.04\)\({}^{\ast}\) & \(1.32\pm 0.28\)\({}^{\ast}\) & \(0.72\pm 0.14\)\({}^{\ast}\) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} Notes: \(\#\)—the postprandial glucose levels in young adult, aging and diabetic rats, \(2\) h after food intake. \(\#\)—the blood insulin, leptin and LH levels were estimated in fasted animals (12 h of fasting). \({}^{\ast}\)—the difference between the group Young+dmso and the other groups with the treatment DMSO or TP4/2+DMSO or between the group Young+saline and the other groups treated with saline or hCG+saline is significant at \(p<0.05\);\({}^{\rm b}\)—the difference between aging/diabetic rats without TP4/2 or hCG administration and aging/diabetic rats with TP4/2 or hCG administration is significant at \(p<0.05\). In each group \(n=5\), \(M\pm\) SEM.  
\end{table} 
Table 1: The body and testes weight, gonadosomatic index (GSI), and blood levels of glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbAlc), insulin, leptin and luteinizing hormone (LH) in young adult, aging and diabetic male Wistar rats. Figure 1: The concentration-dependent stimulating effects of TP4/2 (**A**) and hCG (**B**) on the basal adenylyl cyclase activity in testicular membranes isolated from the young adult, aging and diabetic rats. \({}^{\ast}\)—the difference between the young adult rats and the aging and diabetic rats is significant at \(p<0.05\);\({}^{\rm b}\)—the difference between the aging and diabetic rats is significant at \(p<0.05\). The data are presented as the M \(\pm\) SEM, \(n=5\).