## 6 Conclusions  
With no additional hardware equipment for spatial positioning installed, this study used only a smartphone and a navAR system that we developed to analyze the book-finding behavior of participants in a library. Out of the six books in this study, the results of two books indicated that with the assistance of the AR guidance system, participants could find books much faster. In distance travelled, the results presented no significant differences, which means that due to the current AR positioning technology is still immature; with only the aid of the AR target, the participants may have misjudged the location of the book during their search, which increased the search time and the distance  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**Item** & **Content of Question Item** & **Mean** \\ \hline
1 & I think that I would like to use this AR guidance system & 3.87 \\
2 & I found the AR guidance system unnecessarily complex. & 2.08 \\
3 & I thought the AR guidance system was easy to use. & 4.12 \\
4 & I think that I would need the support of a technical & 2.27 \\  & person to be able to use this AR guidance system. & 4.03 \\
5 & I found the various functions in this AR guidance system & 3.08 \\
6 & I thought there was too much inconsistency in this AR & 4.25 \\
7 & I would imagine that most people would learn to use this & 1.73 \\  & & I felt very confident using this app. & 4.37 \\
10 & I needed to learn a lot of things before I could get going & 1.57 \\  & with this AR guidance system. & 1.57 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 5: Statistical results of questionnaire (N = 60).  
travelled. However, the trajectory diagrams show that their trajectories were regular and concentrated, which means that the AR target enhanced the directionality of their searches. In the usability of the AR guidance system, the AR target had auxiliary effects, and based on the SUS standards, it was good.  
This study analyzed the effectiveness of AR as an auxiliary tool. We suggest that future studies assess and analyze navigation routes, analyze crowd flow diversion, and incorporate GPS positioning for trajectory analysis in outdoor venues. In the application aspect, using AR technology for target positioning can be used in not only libraries but also museums and art galleries, and it can even be used to develop reality games. This study also demonstrated how to use AR trajectory analysis to perform analyses and assessments in indoor venues to understand the behaviors of viewers in physical venues and improve user experience.  
Conceptualization, C.-I.L.; methodology, C.-I.L.; software, C.-I.L., F.-R.X. and Y.-W.H.; validation, C.-I.L., F.-R.X. and Y.-W.H.; formal analysis, C.-I.L.; investigation, F.-R.X. and Y.-W.H.; resources, C.-I.L.; data curation, C.-I.L.; writing--original draft preparation, C.-I.L.; writing--review and editing, C.-I.L.; visualization, Y.-W.H.; supervision, C.-I.L.; project administration, C.-I.L.; funding acquisition, C.-I.L. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
This research was funded by Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST), grant number MOST 107-2410-H-144 -006 -MY2.  
The study is supported by Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) and National Taiwan University of Arts Library.  
The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results.