## 3 Results and Discussion
### Optimization Design of the Bag Filter
#### 3.2.3 Comparative Analysis of Full-Scale Optimization Models
From the particle trajectory plots in Figure 12, it is evident that when the dust-laden air encounters the deflectors, some particles alter their trajectories due to collisions and rebounds, while most particles flow along with the airflow. Some particles move upward along the deflector into the filter chamber, where they are captured by the filter bags, while others continue forward until they impact the hopper wall. Simultaneously, particles are influenced by the vortices within the hopper, preventing direct capture by the hopper wall and resulting in longer residence times within the hopper. It should be noted that the addition of deflectors alters the particle trajectories, which can lead to more severe wear on certain areas of the filter bags. For instance, larger particles, influenced by gravity settling, may cause more concentrated wear on the lower regions of the filter bags. This study, however, focuses on a limited range of particle sizes. In the models of Schemes 1, 3, 4, and 5, particles experience prolonged residence times in the region between two deflectors, particularly between the 1304 mm long deflector and its adjacent deflectors. This occurs because the deflector boundaries are set to reflect the particles, with the 1304 mm long deflector having the most significant blocking effect, causing particles to collide with and rebound off its surface. Additionally, as shown in Figure 11, the area between this deflector and the front and rear walls is highly prone to vortex formation. Consequently, particles are influenced by the vortex, continuously rebounding and remaining trapped between the 1304 mm long deflector and its adjacent deflectors for extended periods. In contrast, in the Scheme 2 model, the prolonged residence of particles due to continuous rebound between the deflectors is less pronounced. This is because, in this model, the 1304 mm long deflector is positioned closer to the hopper's outer wall, where vortices mainly form near the outer wall. Further analysis of Figure 12 reveals a significant difference in the degree of wear along the \(Z\)-axis for Scheme 2 and Scheme 3 with the introduction of descending deflectors in the dust hopper, compared to the other models. This is evidenced by the observation that, in both scenarios, particles do not pass through certain areas of the filter bag. This suggests that the deflector arrangements in these two schemes are not conducive to the uniform distribution of particulate matter once it enters the filter area. To assess the optimization effectiveness of each scheme compared to the original model, airflow uniformity was evaluated for all models. First, in order to highlight the differences in airflow distribution among the models, the bag flow distribution coefficients for each model were plotted based on the simulation results, as shown in Figure 13.  
Figure 13: Flow distribution coefficient plot for different schemes in full scale. Upon examining the filter bag flow distribution coefficient plots for each model in Figure 13, it is evident that the airflow handled by each filter bag in the original model varies significantly, with these differences closely linked to the filter bag's location. In the Z-direction, the highest flow distribution coefficient is observed for the filter bag near the outermost sidewall of the filter chamber (row \(Z_{1}\)), which then gradually decreases, followed by a slight increase near the air inlet. The flow distribution coefficients of the bags located at the chamber's center are generally lower than those near the surrounding sidewalls, with the highest and lowest values occurring at positions \(X_{1}Z_{1}\) and \(X_{7}Z_{7}\), respectively. In contrast, in the optimization models with deflectors, the flow distribution coefficients exhibit less fluctuation compared to the original model, with the \(K_{qi}\) values approaching 1. This suggests that the addition of deflectors significantly improves the airflow distribution within the filter chamber, resulting in more consistent airflow across the filter bags.