## 3 Bibliometric Analysis
### Conceptual Framework
#### 3.2.2. Thematic Map  
We have a thematic map (Figure 8) in the study that proposes research themes according to four quadrants. According to [PERSON] et al. [14], the thematic map divides themes according to two factors (centrality and density). Centrality represents the high volume of work in a specific theme, and density means the importance of a particular theme. The first quadrant in Figure 8 indicates low-density themes with low centrality. These themes are either new, developing, or emerging because they have low density and low centrality. The  
Figure 7: Co-occurrence network. second quadrant represents basic themes that provide high volume (centrality) but that are less critical (density). The third quadrant represents essential themes in the field; however, less work has been done in such areas. This field should be discussed significantly because these themes can provide potential future directions. The fourth quadrant has themes with both high centrality and density. Digital economy, internet of things, and financial industry-related themes are in the first quadrant. These keywords represent the topic with low centrality and low density. These themes either emerge as a strong future agenda or drop out from the future literature. In the digital economy, [PERSON] et al. [84] study innovations and privacy issues for startup companies. In the digital economy era, [PERSON] et al. [85] analysed the significant risk profile by deploying conditional value at risk models on China's financial banks and found significant systematic risk exposure of small banks compared to big financial institutions. The digital economy is possessed with considerable challenges, such as centralisation of technology, trust, and security; e-commerce transactions are shaping the digital economy's future. Ferrer-Gomila [30] uses the blockchain for contract signing between various parties, making e-commerce transactions easy and cost-effective. One of the emerging topics is industry 4.0. [PERSON] et al. [86] use blockchain for immutable, secure, transparent, and auditable peer to peer energy transactions in the industrial internet of things. Moreover, the industrial and financial internet of things is discussed by [87; 88; 89; 90]. The basic themes of fintech literature are filled with various significant topics. It is obvious that, for topics related to financial technology, fintech will have strong centrality in the literature. Furthermore, in recent times, blockchain technology for auditable, immutable, transparent, and secure transactions is considered the main fintech tool [91; 92; 93; 94; 95]. The blockchain also reduces financial comfort and cost efficiency, as [PERSON] [92] studied initial coin offerings of new companies and explained how blockchain reduces cost with ICOs. Machine learning, artificial intelligence, and big data themes are also common in the fintech literature. Significant machine learning literature is related to estimating the movement and pricing of financial assets [96; 97; 98; 99; 100; 101; 102]. [PERSON] et al. [103] deploy technical, fundamental, and artificial intelligence to propose optimal portfolio performance. Big data is about considering various techniques to ensure the quality of the data and its estimations and prediction ability [104]. Fintech has a significant role in shaping the architecture of big data [105]. E-commerce is a highly developed theme; however, its centrality is very low. The growth of e-commerce is significant, and there is a lot to offer by deploying various fintechs such as payment applications, blockchain, bitcoins, price disruption, and channel modelling [106]. Certain issues related to e-commerce business proliferation include online payment models and B2C market supply chain management [107]. There are certain gaps  
Figure 8: Thematic map. and challenges related to digital wallet payments [108]. Government regulations and understanding of the mobile payment system is another challenge for e-commerce development [109].