## 1 Introduction
Substances like hydroxyapatite (HA), a variation of calcium phosphate, closely resemble the composition of natural bone, rendering them highly compatible with living tissues and conducive to the promotion of bone growth. When incorporated into MBG, CP enhances its resemblance to natural bone, facilitating the controlled release of these ions and establishing an environment that supports the activity of bone cells and the formation of bone-like apatite. Throughout our experimental phase, HA has exhibited a range of favorable attributes, including compatibility with living tissues, absence of toxicity, ability to support bone growth, lack of immunogenicity, and serving as a fundamental component in the process of bone formation [37; 38]. Furthermore, cell viability (MTT assay), and in vitro bioactivity were addressed in-depth to determine the optimum nanoparticle related to low cytotoxicity and enhancing the filling of the bone defects for these materials. In the realm of the prior investigation regarding the production of silver and cerium doped MBG with three main techniques were considered: melt-derived methods [39], sol-gel synthesis [40], and spray pyrolysis [41]. The melt-derived method offers a straightforward approach, expedited processing, and meticulous control over the glass composition. However, they pose certain challenges, such as maintaining the required high level of purity for optimal bioactivity and the potential introduction of impurities during various processing stages like polishing, grinding, sieving, and fritting [42]. In addition, the melt-derived method requires high temperatures, which increases production costs. On the other hand, sol-gel offers meticulous regulation over composition and structure but is time-consuming, intricate, and involves multiple stages of processing [43]. In order to solve the challenges mentioned earlier, the investigation utilizes the spray pyrolysis method, which distinguishes itself by offering a continuous, cost-effective, and safe approach. This method ensures the maintenance of high purity and facilitates low-temperature processing for bioactive glasses [44; 45]. Its distinct advantage lies in the direct control over morphology, which is particularly crucial for mesoporous materials while also reducing exposure to hazardous substances [46]. For example, our previous research examined a comparison between the surface area and bioactivity of particles generated through spray pyrolysis (SP) and sol-gel techniques employing the same chemical composition [47]. The findings revealed that although the SP particles exhibited a smaller surface area, they displayed superior bioactivity with larger HA crystal sizes. This can be attributed to the rapid cooling in SP, which encourages the presence of metastable siloxanes, thereby increasing the number of nucleation sites for HA layers and consequently enhancing bioactivity [47; 48]. Hence, the SP approach was utilized to manufacture mesoporous bioactive glass particles for this study. Moreover, the introduction of a non-ionic tri-block copolymer surfactant of Pluronic F-127 EO106 PO70 EO106 (where EO is polyethylene oxide and PO is polypropylene oxide) to induce the synthesis of an ordered mesoporous glass with the highest pore volume and specific surface area (a surfactant concentration that offers a high ordered mesoporewhile preventing the production of aggregated surfactant lamellae), and uniform and narrow pore size distribution [47; 49]. Furthermore, the use of surfactants confers several advantages, including non-toxicity, biodegradability, fostering high bioactivity in the glass, influencing particle morphology, and offering a cost-effective solution. Additionally, surfactants contribute to interfacial stability and provide the capability to fine-tune characteristics based on molecular nucleation [50; 51].