## 3 Results
### Frontal Joint Kinematics Variables  
For frontal joint variables (Table 3), wearing D6 orthosis had significant smaller forefoot frontal RoM than D2 (\(p=0.013\), \(d=0.73\)) and D10 orthoses (\(p=0.018\), \(d=0.80\)). Wearing D10 orthosis demonstrated larger rearfoot frontal RoM than D2 (\(p=0.018\), \(d=0.37\)) and larger peak forefoot everison than D6 (\(p=0.047\), \(d=0.89\)) and control orthoses (\(p=0.048\), \(d=0.91\)). \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**Orthosis Condition**} & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**ANOVA Results**} \\ \cline{2-9}  & \multicolumn{1}{c}{\
\begin{tabular}{c} **Flat** \\ **(Control)** \\ \end{tabular} } & **D2** & **D6** & **D10** & **\(F\)-Value** & **\(p\)-Value** & \multicolumn{1}{c}{
\begin{tabular}{c} **Partial Eta** \\ **Squared (\(pp\)2)** \\ \end{tabular} } \\ \hline Total RoM (\({}^{\circ}\)) & & & & & & & \\ Forefoot-sagittal & 17.6 (4.8) & 19.7 (6.7) & 18.0 (6.2) & 20.7 (9.7) & 1.60 & 0.224 & 0.10 \\ Rearfoot-sagittal & 29.5 (5.6) & 31.5 (6.4) & 31.5 (5.5) & 33.2 (8.9) & 2.06 & 0.152 & 0.13 \\ Knee-sagittal & 25.3 (3.2) & 25.7 (3.0) & 25.3 (2.8) & 25.9 (2.8) & 0.82 & 0.493 & 0.06 \\ Angle at touchdown (\({}^{\circ}\)) & & & & & & \\ Forefoot dorsiflexion & 12.9 (5.4) & 14.3 (5.8) & 10.7 (6.1) & 10.5 (8.9) & 2.67 & 0.090 & 0.16 \\ Rearfoot dorsiflexion & 2.2 (5.6) \({}^{\star}\) & 3.3 (8.1) \({}^{\star}\) & 7.3 (7.1) & 9.5 (9.5) & 8.96 & \(<\)0.001 & 0.39 \\ Knee flexion & \(-\)18.3 (4.2) & \(-\)18.4 (4.3) & \(-\)18.6 (4.2) & \(-\)17.6 (4.7) & 1.44 & 0.093 & 0.09 \\ Peak angle during stance (\({}^{\circ}\)) & & & & & & \\ Peak forefoot dorsiflexion & 17.4 (5.2) & 18.0 (5.9) & 17.7 (5.5) & 16.5 (7.9) & 0.39 & 0.671 & 0.03 \\ Peak forefoot plantar flexion & \(-\)0.2 (3.7) & \(-\)1.7 (4.7) & \(-\)0.3 (4.9) & \(-\)4.2 (7.4) & 2.81 & 0.051 & 0.17 \\ Peak rearofordiflexion & 21.3 (6.5) & 23.6 (7.3) \({}^{\star}\) & 23.7 (7.4) \({}^{\star}\) & 27.9 (8.8) & 5.29 & 0.003 & 0.27 \\ Peak rearofordiflexion & \(-\)8.6 (6.8) & \(-\)7.7 (7.7) & \(-\)7.8 (6.0) & \(-\)5.3 (8.1) & 1.69 & 0.183 & 0.11 \\ Peak knee flexion & \(-\)42.9 (3.6) & \(-\)43.0 (3.7) & \(-\)43.1 (3.6) & \(-\)42.6 (4.1) & 0.34 & 0.797 & 0.02 \\ Min knee flexion & \(-\)17.5 (4.0) & \(-\)17.2 (4.5) & \(-\)17.8 (4.1) & \(-\)16.7 (4.2) & 1.36 & 0.267 & 0.09 \\ Joint angles at push-off (\({}^{\circ}\)) & & & & & & & \\ Forefoot dorsiflexion & 9.5 (5.8) & 10.3 (5.1) & 11.4 (5.7) & 8.8 (9.1) & 1.25 & 0.302 & 0.08 \\ Rearfoot plantar flexion & \(-\)6.6 (8.5) & \(-\)5.7 (8.1) & \(-\)6.1 (8.0) & \(-\)3.0 (8.9) & 1.82 & 0.159 & 0.12 \\ Knee flexion & \(-\)23.1 (4.9) & \(-\)22.3 (5.9) & \(-\)23.3 (6.3) & \(-\)22.4 (5.1) & 0.93 & 0.435 & 0.06 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}  
* Min = minimum;
* sig different (\(p<0.05\)) from D10, \({}^{\star}\) sig different (\(p<0.05\)) from D6.  
\end{table} 
Table 2: Mean (SD) values and statistical results of sagittal joint kinematics variables by tested conditions. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**Orthosis Condition**} & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**ANOVA Results**} \\ \cline{2-9}  & \multicolumn{1}{c}{\ \begin{tabular}{c} **Flat** \\ **(Control)** \\ \end{tabular}  } & **D2** & **D6** & **D10** & **\(F\)-Value** & **\(p\)-Value** & \multicolumn{1}{c}{ \begin{tabular}{c} **Partial Eta** \\ **Squared (\(pp\)2)** \\ \end{tabular}