## 2 Materials and Methods
The occupancy tab in DesignBuilder allows selection of the number of family members, which is important to determine the occupancy in the building, and occupancy is represented as an area for each member  
Figure 2: The schematic design of the house (**a**) building layout, (**b**) 3D building model. (m\({}^{2}\)/person), but in this evaluation, the default settings will be kept. However, all the parameters can be altered by the user, which will impact the results. The construction and materials details of the building envelope have been chosen such that they can represent the parameters used for a typical family house in Jordan. (walls, floor, roof, and external windows' glass and frame materials are detailed in Table 2). The external windows' glass layers consist of 6 cm thick generic BLUE, then an air gap of 6 cm, followed by 6-cm-thick generic CLEAR glazing with an overall U-value of 3.1 W/m\({}^{2}\)-K. There is a total solar transmission (SHGC) of 0.7, direct solar transmission of 0.6, and light transmission of 0.781. Window dimensions will be changed consecutively in 11 different situations, with a preferred height of 1.5 m.  
Building air infiltration is an important parameter response of carrying the external cold air into the internal building environment, which significantly increases the heating load during winter. Building airtightness allows significant energy savings with a low cost [31; 32]. In the DesignBuilder updated version, 0.35 air changes per hour value were adopted. This value has been set according to ASHRAE codes [33]. Our case-study building is a typical Jordanian building; the materials (defined in Table 2) have been selected according to the local building codes. The area of the house chosen for the study represents an average area of Jordanian housing. Since in DesignBuilder all of the parameters can be altered by the user, which will impact the results, we have mentioned in detail which of the other parameters were kept as the program default settings, and which were changed according to the recommendation of recent studies. In the building, thermal performance energy simulation and daylighting analysis has been established; and modeling tools have been developed, such as DesignBuilder and DAYSIM for climate-based daylighting with the use of radiance engine and incorporating EnergyPlus for single-thermal-zone energy simulation. However, each program has different capabilities and limitations as they use different simulation engines and default input sets by each tool [34]. The main advantages of DesignBuilder are using the detailed HVAC design option with user-friendly graphic user interface and capability of using quick and easy single-point-in-time radiance daylighting analysis. On the other hand, DAYSIM does not have an advanced HVAC design, or energy simulation settings compared with DesignBuilder, and an absence of multi-zone thermal analysis. Figure 3: Modeling the building’s geometry in the environment of DesignBuilder. (**a**) Activity templates; (**b**) building simulation parameters. DesignBuilder includes many lightning templates, shown in Figure 4a; 'LED with linear control' was chosen in this simulation. Every lighting template has many parameters that can be altered by the user, which will impact the results. For this simulation, the \"Linear/off\" control type was chosen, with a minimum output fraction of 0.1 and minimum input fraction of 0.1, a working plane height of 0.8 m, and maximum allowable glare index of 22, the lighting will be on for 18 h per day and the rest of the parameters kept as default. For the \"Linear/off\" control, the overhead lights dim continuously and linearly from maximum electric power, maximum light output to minimum electric power, minimum light output as the daylight illuminance increases, shown in Figure 4b. The lights switch off completely when the minimum dimming point is reached, with further increase in the daylight illuminance.