## 2 Materials and Methods  
A GIS-based approach was applied to conduct a multidisciplinary analysis based on three main operational steps: a multi-hazard assessment, a social vulnerability evaluation, and the combination of the results. The investigation was carried out with an open-data-driven and semi-quantitative approach at the census tract level. The semi-quantitative approach allowed us to combine results derived from the different types of analyses (qualitative and quantitative) in a single classification, providing an overview of the main findings. As regards the data used, the ISPRA dataset was selected to collect hazard data (Section Multi-Hazard Context in the Basilicata Region), the ISTAT open platform was used to extract geographic and administrative boundaries ([[https://www.istat.it/it/archivio/104317#accortions](https://www.istat.it/it/archivio/104317#accortions)]([https://www.istat.it/it/archivio/104317#accortions](https://www.istat.it/it/archivio/104317#accortions)), accessed on 6 March 2024), with census socio-economic data ([[https://www.istat.it/it/archivio/285267](https://www.istat.it/it/archivio/285267)]([https://www.istat.it/it/archivio/285267](https://www.istat.it/it/archivio/285267)), accessed on 6 March 2024), and the repository of the Department of Civil Protection (DCP) was consulted for building data ([[https://github.com/pcm-dpc/DPC-Aggregati-Struttural-ITF-Sud/tree/master/Sud/Basilicata/Matera](https://github.com/pcm-dpc/DPC-Aggregati-Struttural-ITF-Sud/tree/master/Sud/Basilicata/Matera)]([https://github.com/pcm-dpc/DPC-Aggregati-Struttural-ITF-Sud/tree/master/Sud/Basilicata/Matera](https://github.com/pcm-dpc/DPC-Aggregati-Struttural-ITF-Sud/tree/master/Sud/Basilicata/Matera)), accessed on 6 March 2024). All the data collected from these sources refer to the year 2021, while the cartographic bases refer to 2011.  
Figure 2 depicts the methodological workflow that, starting from the selection of the municipalities to be investigated, leads to the integration process at the census tract level through GIS-based analysis. Almost all the steps represented in Figure 2 were carried out via the use of GIS a part from the social vulnerability evaluation, which was based on a mathematical operation (Section 2.2). Currently, the census tract level represents the smallest statistical area at the sub-municipality level in Italy and can be useful for building high-resolution maps for risk management strategies.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Hazard Type**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Class**} & **Territory** & **Population** & **Household** & **Buildings** & **Business** & **Cultural Heritage** \\  & & **(km2)** & **(\%)** & **(\%)** & **(\%)** & **(\%)** & **(\%)** & **(\%)** \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Flood} & HPH & 264.06 & 0.7 & 0.7 & 1 & 0.8 & 2.8 \\  & MPH & 349.25 & 1.1 & 1.1 & 1.4 & 1.3 & 2.9 \\  & LPH & 378.91 & 1.2 & 1.2 & 1.5 & 1.5 & 3.1 \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Landslide} & P4 & 268.07 & 3.3 & 3.4 & 4.3 & 2.9 & 8.3 \\  & P3 & 334.23 & 3.7 & 3.9 & 4.4 & 3.7 & 4.8 \\ \cline{1-1}  & P2 & 549.82 & 4.4 & 4.5 & 5 & 4.2 & 5 \\ \cline{1-1}  & P1 & 212.35 & 2.4 & 2.4 & 2.5 & 2.4 & 3 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 2: Exposure data linked to flood and landslide hazards. Data were collected from the Idro-Geo website ([[https://idrogeo.isprambiente.it/app/pir/r/17](https://idrogeo.isprambiente.it/app/pir/r/17)]([https://idrogeo.isprambiente.it/app/pir/r/17](https://idrogeo.isprambiente.it/app/pir/r/17)), accessed on 20 March 2024) to give information about the inventory of elements exposed to multi-hazard conditions.