###### Abstract  
The information transmission mechanism of the ground electrode current field uses a very low-frequency electrical signal, which is applied to the two electrodes driven into the soil layer or the collapsed body of the tunnel to form a current field in the rock layer or soil layer. Signal detection is created via the strong penetration of wireless information transmission. This research focuses on various electromagnetic effects, such as polarization, magnetization, and the transmission of electromagnetic waves under the influence of different media, such as rock, sand, reinforced concrete, and air voids. The influence of these adaptive electromagnetic effects on the transmission of electromagnetic waves is mainly reflected in the reflection, refraction, and attenuation of electromagnetic wave signals. The inhomogeneity of the earth medium, the influence of topographic features, and multi-path transmission all cause signal distortion, fading, or changes in the direction of electromagnetic wave propagation. By studying the three physical quantities of magnetic permeability, permittivity, and conductivity, the electromagnetic characteristics of the earth medium are described to research the information transmission characteristics of the earth electrode current field. a _applied_  
_sciences_  
**Citation:** [PERSON], [PERSON], [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] economic losses caused by sudden accidents in coal and gold mines in China have exceeded hundreds of billions of CNY, and the death rate is much higher than that in other countries. In recent years, the relevant departments in China have increased mine safety management. However, according to the data released by the State Administration of Work Safety, there are many mining accidents in China every year. Coal mine safety has become a major obstacle for the coal industry. Security has become an urgent problem that must be solved with regard to the industry's growth. The development of through-the-ground emergency communication is urgently needed to ensure the safety of lives, family happiness, and even the harmonious and stable development of society for the majority of miners in China. The issue of mine safety has also received great attention from the State Council. Therefore, how to create wireless penetrating information transmission through masses of rock and soil from landslides has become an urgent technical issue to be solved in traffic engineering construction at home and abroad [1; 2; 3; 4; 5]. Currently, research on wireless ground penetrating information transmission at home and abroad mainly includes the following three information transmission methods: (1) an antenna magnetically inducing near-field electromagnetic wave transmission; (2) an elastic wave transmission method using mechanical vibration waves as information carriers; (3) the transmission mode of the electric field of the ground electrode injected via the ground electrode current. Although the antenna magnetic induction ground-penetrating information transmission method has a large coverage area and small propagation attenuation, it has two important shortcomings in practical applications. On the one hand, the antenna size of this method is huge, requiring a circular antenna with a diameter ranging from 60 m to several kilometers on the ground or underground, which is not suitable for scenes with narrow venues; on the other hand, this method has a high requirement for the layout orientation of the transceiver antenna, and the circular expansion surfaces of the transceiver antenna must be parallel to each other. Therefore, it is only suitable for scenarios such as mine construction, while in scenarios such as mountain tunnel construction, it is almost impossible to deploy a circular antenna on the mountain directly above the trapped person because the antenna must be deployed directly above the underground trapped area [6; 7].