# Phase Risk Analysis of Overhead Lines Under Complex Icing Conditions  
[PERSON]  
1 Power Science Research Institute of State Grid Xinjiang Electric Power Co., Ltd., Urumqi 830011, China; [EMAIL_ADDRESS]  
[PERSON]  
1 Power Science Research Institute of State Grid Xinjiang Electric Power Co., Ltd., Urumqi 830011, China; [EMAIL_ADDRESS]  
[PERSON]  
2 School of Electronic Information, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an 710048, China; 2 [EMAIL_ADDRESS]  
[PERSON]  
2 School of Electronic Information, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an 710048, China; 2 [EMAIL_ADDRESS]  
Footnote 1: [[https://www.mdpi.com/journal/applsci](https://www.mdpi.com/journal/applsci)]([https://www.mdpi.com/journal/applsci](https://www.mdpi.com/journal/applsci))  
Footnote 2: [[https://www.mdpi.com/journals/pdf](https://www.mdpi.com/journals/pdf)]([https://www.mdpi.com/journals/pdf](https://www.mdpi.com/journals/pdf))  
To mitigate the impact of ice on the safe and stable operation of overhead transmission lines, extensive research has been conducted globally on the dynamic response of lines to icing and de-icing loads, yielding useful results. For instance, Xinjiang Power Grid implemented measures such as adding spacer rods and increasing straight-line or tension tolerant towers to reduce stall distances in severely iced sections. However, these solutions are costly, time consuming, and limited by environmental factors in overhead line corridors. In a study, [PERSON] (2018) analyzed changes in sag and de-icing bounce in an ultra-high voltage conductor, under uneven ice conditions but did not address conductor-ground line, safety distances, or discharge risk. A study conducted by [PERSON] (2018) proposed an overhead ground wire insulation program to prevent ice damage, by facilitating controlled ice melting and reducing mechanical stress. By contrast, [PERSON] (2018) proposed the \"two factor ground wire breakage mechanism of increased tension due to ice cover\" and decreased local mechanical strength due to discharge temperature rise and suggested modifying ground wire structures to prevent ice damage. The risk of discharge due to de-icing jumps is more severe than the increased sag caused by ice accumulation. [PERSON] (2018) used ANSYS software to create finite element models of a single conductor and a three-split conductor, simulating ice shedding at different positions. This study investigated the differences in dynamic response during ice shedding, focusing on jump height and tension variations between the single conductor and the three-split conductor. [PERSON] et al. [PERSON] et al. (2018) established a finite element model of transmission conductors using the finite element software ADINA and developed a scaled transmission line model. Through finite element simulations and experimental validation under actual conditions, they studied the ice shedding behavior of single conductors and double-split conductors. They also investigated the variations in jump height during ice shedding and the twisting angles of split conductors under different ice thicknesses, confirming the accuracy and reliability of the numerical model for the conductors. [PERSON] et al. [PERSON] et al. (2018) used the finite element software ADINA to establish finite element models of two-bundle transmission lines. They conducted in-depth studies on the effects of parameters such as ice thickness, span length, elevation difference, and ice shedding rate on ice jump behavior. Additionally, they performed detailed analyses of the dynamic response of conductors during ice shedding under various conditions through simulation. [PERSON] et al. [PERSON] et al. (2018) studied the combined impact of wind and ice cover shedding on the jump height of iced conductors, analyzing the dynamic response of ultra-high voltage (UHV) transmission lines under such conditions through numerical simulation. The study proposed an empirical formula for the maximum jump height and verified its accuracy and applicability experimentally and through simulation data.