## 3 Results
### Characteristics of Total Time Spent in Each Behavior  
Workers' behaviors were measured both during work and non-work periods. The most common behavior during work was standing (199.2 \(\pm\) 103.5 min) and sitting (119.8 \(\pm\) 97.2 min). In non-work periods, the most prevalent behaviors were lying down (310.1 \(\pm\) 150.4 min) and sitting (290.8 \(\pm\) 100.4 min). Viticulture workers spent an average of 72.9 (\(\pm\)39) minutes walking during work and 68.5 (\(\pm\)31) minutes during non-work. Figure 1 and Table 3 show the average percentage of time spent in each behavior for both work and non-work periods in the total sample. The main difference between the total sample during work and non-work periods lies in the behaviors of lying down, sitting, and standing. During the non-work period, the total sample spent significantly more time lying down (23.5%) compared to the work period (4.8%). Additionally, the total sample spends more time sitting during the non-work period (22.1%) than during the work period (17.0%). Conversely, during the work period, the sample spends more time standing (28.2%) than the non-work period (13.8%). Therefore, during the non-work period, individuals spend more time in sedentary behaviors (lying down and sitting) and less time standing compared to the work period. It is important to note that the results in the field and packing samples are similar in both work and non-work perspectives, with no significant differences between the job roles for all behaviors. Figure 2 illustrates the relationship between field and packing during work and non-work periods. Thus, subsequent analyses will not consider the differentiation between workers in the field and packing sectors. Table 4 shows the results of the associations between high-intensity pain in the neck, upper back, and lower back and the independent variables related to physical behaviors at work and non-work, as well as age, sex, and BMI. The binary logistic regression models were significant for all three regions: neck [\(\chi^{2}(3)\) = 16.90; \(p\) = 0.01, R\({}^{2}\)Nagelkerke = 0.35], upper back [\(\chi^{2}(3)\) = 13.20; \(p\) = 0.01, R\({}^{2}\)Nagelkerke = 0.29], and lower back [\(\chi^{2}(2)\) = 8.28; \(p\) = 0.01, R\({}^{2}\)Nagelkerke = 0.43]. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c} \hline \hline
**Variable** & \(\beta\) & **OR** & \(p\) & **CI 95\%** \\ \hline Neck & - & - & - & - \\ Moving Time at Work (High) & 1.23 & 3.45 & 0.05 & 0.96–12.36 \\ Sleep Time (High) & \(-\)1.50 & 0.22 & 0.02 & 0.06–0.79 \\ Sex (female) & 1.32 & 3.74 & 0.07 & 0.88–15.82 \\ Upper back & - & - & - & - \\ Moving Time at Work (High) & 2.26 & 9.63 & 0.01 & 1.46–63.55 \\ Sleep Time (High) & 2.14 & 8.54 & 0.03 & 1.21–60.03 \\ Sex (female) & 2.05 & 7.84 & 0.01 & 1.94–31.64 \\ Lower back & - & - & - & - \\ Age & \(-\)0.85 & 0.91 & 0.01 & 0.85–0.98 \\ Sex (female) & 1.30 & 3.68 & 0.05 & 0.99–13.62 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: Binary logistic regression analysis between high-intensity pain in the neck, upper back, and lower back and independent variables. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Variable**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Total Sample**} \\ \cline{2-3}  & **Min (M \(\pm\) SD)** & **\%** \\ \hline
**Work** & - & - \\ Time Lying down & 33.4 (\(\pm\)49.6) & 4.8\% \\ Time Sitting & 119.8 (\(\pm\)97.2) & 17.0\% \\ Time Standing & 199.2 (\(\pm\)103.5) & 28.2\% \\ Time Moving & 69.5 (\(\pm\)34.8) & 9.8\% \\ Time Walking & 72.9 (\(\pm\)39) & 10.3\% \\
**Non-Work** & - & - \\ Time Lying down & 310.1 (\(\pm\)150.4) & 23.5\% \\ Time Sitting & 290.8 (\(\pm\)100.4) & 22.1\% \\ Time Standing & 182 (\(\pm\)76.4) & 13.8\% \\ Time Moving & 74 (\(\pm\)37.7) & 5.6\% \\ Time Walking & 68.54 (\(\pm\)31) & 5.2\% \\
**Time Sleep** & 393.4 (\(\pm\)57.7) & 29.8\% \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Characteristics of the total time spent on each behavior during work and non-work periods. experiencing high-intensity lower back pain.