## 1 Introduction  
According to an analysis conducted by the National Statistics Office, 15.7% of Korea's population was aged 65 or older in 2020. This percentage is expected to continue to increase in the future, reaching 20.3% in the year 2025 [1]. At that time, Korea is expected to be a super-aged society. The aging of laryngeal tissue changes the movement of vocal cords, their vibration, and their opening and closing processes. Therefore, the recognition of elderly voices requires an understanding of the characteristics caused by changes in vocal cord tissue owing to anatomical or physiological aging. Voice characteristics are measured by the frequency of vocal cord oscillations per second, that is, the fundamental frequency (F0), jitter, shimmer, etc. [2,3]. As the voices of children, adolescents, seniors, and middle-aged people have distinct features, voice characteristics should be measured across different age groups. Gender analysis aims to provide new knowledge in industries and markets by determining the effects of biological, social, and behavioral differences between men and women. In 2005, the European Medicines Agency announced that clinical trials should be performed and reported in consideration of gender. In 2011, the United States (U.S.) National Institutes of Health (NIH) published guidelines for the research and evaluation of gender differences in clinical trials of medical devices. Since 2013, _The Lancet_ and the _Journal of the American Heart Association_ have been calling for the inclusion of gender-based differences in the publication of scientific articles. In Europe, Horizon 2020 presented a framework for gender equality in research and innovation. Additionally, the U.S. NIH has recommended that both sexes be included in its financially supported clinical trials when using animals, cells, and tissues and stated that the sex of animals and cell origins must be included as important variables in submitted research plans. From basic research to clinical research and applications, gender analysis should be actively utilized, and its effectiveness in research should be enhanced by verifying and correcting the analysis [4; 5; 6; 7]. To respond to changes in a super-aged society, voice recognition developed based on gender analysis should be used in clinical practice to interpret voices in terms of public support services and to enable the more active use of various information technology (IT) devices by older people. Given that the interfaces of current voice recognition systems analyze voice patterns of all ages, the voice recognition performance tends to deteriorate if it deviates slightly from the average pattern [8; 9]. Therefore, a voice recognition system should account for elderly voices [10]. Research on voice signal processing for the elderly is necessary, and the analysis of elderly voices can be regarded as an extension of gender analysis. Previous studies [11; 12] have found that the fundamental frequency (F0) can be affected by different factors, such as age, vocal fold length, and language or ethnological background. It was also observed that the most commonly used acoustic parameters depend on F0. Aging has been known to influence the classification performance results of acoustic parameters. [PERSON] et al. conducted a study to provide preliminary acoustic standards for the voices of elderly (60-80 years old) and young populations (20-30 years old). In older individuals, they found direct relationships between the tone of voice and the degradation of acoustic parameters, such as jitter and shimmer [13; 14; 15; 16; 17; 18; 19; 20; 21; 22; 23; 24; 25]. However, acoustic studies on new parameters for the classification of elderly voices are insufficient, as most have focused on parameters such as F0, mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCCs), and linear prediction cepstrum coefficients (LPCs).