However, there is no general consensus on the economic connotation of the two in academia [22; 23]. The research on port performance not only focuses on quantitative indicators but also pays attention to the service level and quality of ports [24]. The research methods for port performance evaluation are generally similar to those for port efficiency, but the measurement objects of relevant port performance research are gradually expanding from governments and enterprises to port stakeholders [23; 24; 25]. Since shippers will evaluate and compare the port that best suits their own needs and economic interests according to cargo mobility, freight cost, logistics network, and service quality, port competition is directly related to shippers' port selection [26; 27]. Many studies have used the Discrete Choice Model to analyze the behavior of shippers choosing between multiple ports, which further provides port managers and policy makers with a better understanding of shippers' needs and preferences [5; 25; 26; 27; 28]. The complexity of port competition stems from multiple stakeholders, multiple dimensions of competition, uncertainty and change, transport network complexity, and the impact of government policy and regulation [29]. Therefore, game theory, as a mathematical theory for studying decision making and strategy selection, provides a theoretical framework and analytical tool for port competition research [30]. The spatial characteristics of port competition mainly manifest in geographical location, hinterland scope, infrastructure, and policy environment. As a result, the Hotelling model has been widely applied in the study of port competition due to its ability to help researchers understand the spatial competitive relationships between ports and how to optimize their competitive position through differentiation strategies. For example, some ports can attract freight carriers by offering fast and efficient transportation services, while others may attract cargo storage companies by providing low-cost, large-scale storage facilities [31; 32]. Furthermore, the Hotelling model can also be used to analyze port pricing strategies based on transportation costs and time costs, providing references for port pricing decisions [33; 34; 35]. However, previous research has primarily focused on the competition between adjacent hub ports or port groups, as well as on port competition in the context of carbon reduction or port privatization. There is still a lack of empirical research on how cross-border land-sea transportation corridors specifically impact port competition strategies and how ports adapt to this influence. The purpose of this article is to explore the interactive relationship between cross-border land-sea transport corridors and port competition strategies. Based on the Hotelling model, this paper analyzes the impact of cross-border land and sea combined transport corridors on the maritime hinterland, port cargo demand, and port profits between ports in neighboring countries. Additionally, it discusses and analyzes how ports formulate and implement effective competitive strategies under this background. The remainder of this paper is organized as follows. The problem description and assumptions for port competition under the background of the international land-sea transport corridor are given in Section 2. The analysis of the port competition model and equilibrium result is illustrated in Section 3. Section 4 is the numerical analysis of port competition between Dalian Port and Vladivostok Port under the background of the Primorsky International Transport Corridor. In Section 5, conclusions and recommendations are provided.