## 1 Introduction
These algorithms offer the potential to engage users in the design process and facilitate data-driven color choices, thereby promoting more user-centered and sustainable urban color designs. Furthermore, contemporary studies frequently draw upon relevant theories from fields, such as color science and environmental psychology. These theoretical frameworks provide researchers with a solid foundation for understanding how color choices can significantly impact individuals and their surroundings. In terms of methodology, contemporary research typically employs a combination of data-collection methods. Questionnaire and field surveys are frequently utilized to gain a deeper understanding of urban landscape color preferences and their associated effects on well-being and behavior. Another notable development is the exploration of emerging technologies, like augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR), to enhance the color design process. Researchers are increasingly interested in how these technologies can offer real-time, immersive experiences and facilitate more dynamic and responsive color design in urban settings. Moreover, there is a growing emphasis on considering the environmental impact of color choices in urban areas. Researchers are beginning to investigate how specific color schemes can influence microclimates, energy consumption, and ecological sustainability, aligning urban color design with broader environmental goals. Prior research by [PERSON], [PERSON], and [PERSON] has made notable contributions in fields closely related to color design and human perception. [PERSON]'s work introduced a modeling method and a color matching design simulation platform [5],providing a valuable real design platform that can strategically optimize design themes by incorporating multiple behavioral characteristics. Additionally, it explores the optimization of team cooperation models by adjusting team structures, offering both theoretical insights and practical applications for personalized design team operation modes [6]. [PERSON]'s research focused on the development of a class of color shift keying codes within the context of visible light communication. This innovative approach, utilizing finite-state machines, demonstrated enhanced transmission reliability compared to its corresponding codes while accounting for the constraints of color perception [7]. Furthermore, [PERSON] conducted experiments and analyses to determine the most suitable type of dynamic web page design, with a particular focus on the psychological impact of web page composition and color variations [8]. These studies have advanced our understanding of color's influence on human perception and preferences in various contexts. However, it is important to note that while these researchers have made significant contributions in their respective areas, none of these studies specifically delved into the domain of urban color design. This research aims to bridge this gap by focusing on the unique challenges and opportunities presented by urban environments and their colors. When embarking on the color-selection process for urban landscapes, it is essential to carefully consider the desired overall tone that aligns with the intended ambiance and purpose of the space. Additionally, it is essential to understand the concept of \"color carriers\", which refers to the elements or objects within an environment that serve as vehicles for conveying emotions and messages through colors. In essence, these color carriers act as the conduits through which the chosen colors evoke specific emotional responses and communicate intended messages to individuals who interact with the environment. The selection of these color carriers is of paramount importance as they play a pivotal role in effectively representing the desired spatial colors.