# Information Security Applications in Smart Cities: A Bibliometric Analysis of Emerging Research
## 5 Discussion  
The discussion on information security and smart cities is not restricted to the area of computer science. The concern about data and information security is multidisciplinary and influences the evolution of different types of business. Health professionals, government institutions, academic environments, and several other stakeholders benefit from the opportunities for advancing research while they can take advantage of this study to indicate potential solutions and improve the level of information security, predicting the consequences of information loss [328; 331]. For this, when planning on cybersecurity, it is necessary to prioritize strategic processes, actions, and tools that will be implemented or used, both for the organization, for the government/public administration, and for society in smart cities [376]. Smart cities use information and communication technologies to improve the quality of life of their inhabitants, making public services more efficient and creating innovative solutions to urban challenges [15]. However, as cities become more connected and dependent on technology systems, information security becomes an ever-increasing concern. Citizens' data, as well as operational information on critical city systems, can be at risk \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Method**} & **Computer** & \multirow{2}{*}{**Engineering**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Mathematics**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Social**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Business,**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Total**} \\  & **Science** & & & & **Sciences** & & \\  & & & & & & **Management** & \\  & & & & & & **and Accounting** & \\ \hline Risk Management & 57 & 32 & - & 19 & 21 & 129 \\ Machine Learning & 48 & 17 & 7 & 9 & 11 & 101 \\ Game Theory & 28 & 17 & 9 & 8 & 2 & 64 \\ Neural Network & 17 & 15 & 4 & - & 5 & 41 \\ Data Mining & 25 & 5 & 2 & - & 5 & 37 \\ Deep-Learning & 18 & 7 & 3 & 1 & 2 & 33 \\ Blockchain & 17 & 8 & 3 & 2 & 3 & 33 \\ Fuzzy Theory & 16 & 6 & 5 & - & 2 & 29 \\ Bayesian game & 6 & 3 & 2 & 2 & 2 & 15 \\ Software-Defined Networking & 6 & 2 & 2 & - & 1 & 11 \\ Natural Language Processing & 4 & 2 & - & - & 1 & 7 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
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Table 6: Cybersecurity methods and applications according to main areas. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c} \hline \hline \multicolumn{1}{c}{**High-Frequency Keywords**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Occurrences**} \\ \hline Privacy Preservation & 115 \\ Public Key Cryptography & 110 \\ Network Protocols, Security Vulnerabilities & 102 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
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Table 5: _Cont._from cyberattacks. Therefore, smart cities must have a comprehensive information security strategy to protect their systems and data [370]. This involves implementing cybersecurity measures at all layers of the city's infrastructure, from the communication network to IoT (Internet of Things) devices and data management systems [54; 370]. To decrease the probability of a cyber threat causing damage, some cyber security measures should be implemented, such as Encryption, Authentication of users, Network Security, Cyber security training, and Regular software updates [90; 382; 383]. These shared vulnerabilities can be exploited by hackers and other malicious users to compromise city security, directly affecting citizens' lives. For example, a cyberattack on a traffic management system can lead to severe congestion and delays in emergency services. Some of the most common shared vulnerabilities in smart cities are weak passwords, delayed software updates, and unsafe IoT devices. This work contributes to presenting new information security technologies to minimize shared vulnerabilities in smart cities; it is essential to adopt comprehensive cybersecurity measures. A challenge for developing countries will be the integration of smart cities. The decision to plan information security for the management of cities is essential to guarantee engagement in municipal services through intelligent digital systems.