# A Broadband Ultra High Frequency (UHF) Fat-Dipole Antenna for Digital TV Applications
## 5 Conclusions  
A low-cost Digital TV planar antenna is proposed for use in a MIMO configuration at the receiving site. Its design is based on a fat-dipole approach, incorporating cuts, slots, and two parasitic patches inserted to optimize its performance while achieving a compact  
Figure 14: \(ECC\) and \(TARC\) for the orthogonal antennas, distance \(d_{o}=32\) cm. Figure 15: A 2 \(\times\) 2 MIMO channel scheme. size and broad bandwidth. Two feeding methods are analyzed: direct connection and an infinite balun. The latter method demonstrated better results, highlighting the significant impact of proper connection on the final outcomes. The full-wave simulation of the antenna is discussed using two distinct numerical methods and meshes, along with limitations of the feeding method in comparison to real-world implementation. The MIMO array exhibited good performance in terms of physical dimensions, bandwidth, and isolation, making it attractive for indoor applications. MIMO parameters TARC and ECC indicate that this antenna can potentially be deployed in a \(2\times 1\) array format. Table 4 presents a comparison with other planar antennas, demonstrating its good performance. Additionally, its construction requires only a single layer, making it easier and more cost-effective to manufacture. **Author Contributions:** All authors (M.B.P., M.S.V. and G.G.B.d.S.) have equally contributed to this article. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. **Funding:** This research received no external funding. **Institutional Review Board Statement:** Not applicable. **Informed Consent Statement:** Not applicable. **Data Availability Statement:** The data supporting the findings of this study are available within the paper. For additional information, please contact the corresponding author. **Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflicts of interest. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Ref.**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Band [MHz]**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Frac.**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Dim. [\(\lambda_{o}\)]**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**MIMO**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Radiator Type**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Techn.**} & \multirow{2}{*}{\(\mathbf{G_{max}/G_{min}\) [dB]**}} \\  & & & & & & & & \\ \hline
[6] &
\begin{tabular}{c} 2450–2480 \\ and \\ 5150–5825 \\ \end{tabular} & 3.2 and 12.3 & 0.71 \(\times\) 1.06 & Yes & IFA & 2-layer & 0/N.I \\ \hline
[9] & 100–500 & 133 & 0.065 \(\times\) 0.154 & No & PIFA &
\begin{tabular}{c} 2-layer + \\ active circuit \\ \end{tabular} & 20/\(-\)40 \\ \hline
[10] & 3–300 & 196 & 0.02 \(\times\) 0.30 & No & Monopole &
\begin{tabular}{c} 2-layer, \\ ferrite- \\ loaded \\ \end{tabular} & \(-\)9/\(-\)22 \\ \hline
[11] & 470-780 & 49.6 & 0.01 \(\times\) 0.02 & No & U-shaped monopole & 3D & 1.8/0.8 \\ \hline
[12] & 470-806 & 52.7 & 0.51 \(\times\) 0.42 & No & Yagi & 2-layer & 4.6/3.5 \\ \hline
[21] & 3000–12,400 & 122 & 0.46 \(\times\) 2.90 & Yes & Elliptical monopole & 1-layer & 5/0 \\ \hline
[25] & 1750–3880 & 75 & 0.43 \(\times\) 0.70 & No & Monopole & 2-layer & 3.6/2 \\ \hline
[26] & 2000–5600 & 95 & 0.69 \(\times\) 0.50 & Yes & Electric dipole + magnetic slot & 1-layer & 5.7/2.8 \\ \hline
[27] & 2320–2950 & 23.9 & 0.31 \(\times\) 0.23 & Yes & Dipole + parasitic & 1-layer & 5.5/3 \\ \hline
[28] & 3000–6750 & 77 & 0.32 \(\times\) 0.16 & Yes & Slot & 2-layer & 4.9/4 \\ \hline
[29] &
\begin{tabular}{c} 20,000– \\ 120,000 \\ \end{tabular} & 142 & 4.0 \(\times\) 3.43 & No & 4\(\times\) microstrip patches & 1-layer & 15.11/7.88 \\ \hline
[30] & 2300–4400 & 62.7 & 0.45 \(\times\) 0.45 & Yes & Dipole over V-shaped ground &
\begin{tabular}{c} 2-layer + \\ vias \\ \end{tabular} & 2.8/0.9 \\ \hline
[31] & 1470–2650 & 57.3 & 1.22 \(\times\) 1.22 & No & Crossed dipoles & 2-layer & 8.7/7.8 \\ \hline this study & 393–747 & 62 & 0.48 \(\times\) 0.13 & Yes & Fat dipole & 1-layer & 3.9/\(-\)6.9 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: Similar planar broadband antennas. \(\lambda_{o}\) refers to the center frequency.