## 1 Introduction  
Quantitative research on the balance of global greenhouse gases and their control mechanisms has become a focus among global environmental science research programs. Notable programs that are dedicated to addressing this issue include the International Geosphere-Biosphere Program, the World Climate Research Program, the International Human Dimensions Program on Global Environmental Change, and Global Change and Terrestrial Ecosystems. Wetland ecosystems play a crucial role in the global carbon cycle. Among the five major terrestrial ecosystems closely linked to the global carbon cycle--forests, grasslands, croplands, wetlands, and inland waters--wetlands constitute the largest component of the carbon reservoir of the terrestrial biosphere [1]. Consequently, they play a vital role in the global carbon cycle [2,3]. The total global area of wetlands is approximately \(5.7\times 10^{6}\) km\({}^{2}\). This accounts for approximately 6% of the Earth's land area, which is significantly lower than the area covered by forests; however, due to their high productivity and redox potential, wetlands have become crucial sites for biogeochemical processes in the biosphere [4]. Owing to prolonged or intermittent waterlogging, the anaerobic conditions in wetlands inhibit the decomposition of detritus, leading to the accumulation of organic matter in the soil. As a result, wetlands are carbon sinks that mitigate the rise in atmospheric CO\({}_{2}\) concentrations. According to estimates by the IntergovernmentalPanel on Climate Change, global terrestrial ecosystems store approximately 2.48 \(\times\) 10\({}^{6}\) TgC (1 Tg = 1 \(\times\) 10\({}^{12}\) g), of which peatlands store around 0.5 \(\times\) 10\({}^{6}\) TgC. Peatlands alone store twice the carbon content of all forests combined, constituting 20% of the total carbon stock in global terrestrial ecosystems [5]. This indicates that wetland ecosystems have significant potential to mitigate global warming. Although they have substantial soil carbon reservoirs, they are also significant sources of methane emissions, accounting for more than 20% of the global annual methane emissions each year [6]. In the context of global warming, as soil moisture decreases and soil oxidation capacity intensifies, the anaerobic conditions in wetlands are mitigated. This leads to a significant acceleration of the decomposition rates of detritus and peat, resulting in an increase in CO\({}_{2}\) emissions, which can create a positive feedback mechanism that exacerbates global warming [7]. Reeds are widely distributed in various types of salt marshes because of their adaptability and high reproductive capacity. They are extensively cultivated in various countries because of their significant economic and ecological value. Numerous studies [8; 9; 10; 11] indicate that peatlands and need wetlands serve as crucial carbon sinks. However, the carbon sink function of wetlands is influenced by various factors, including hydrology, temperature, and atmospheric CO\({}_{2}\) concentrations as well as nutrients like nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). Hence, studying variations in carbon fluxes in need wetlands is important for understanding the sources and sinks of greenhouse gases. The Momoge salt marshes are located in Jilin Province, China, and are characterized by arid and semi-arid lands with fragile ecosystems. Natural hydrological changes and human disturbances contribute to significant spatiotemporal variability in greenhouse gas emissions. Reed marshes, as one of the widely distributed wetland types in the region, play a crucial role in wetland carbon balances. Currently, due to the limited direct observations of CO\({}_{2}\) exchange between reed marshes and the atmosphere, quantitatively analyzing the correlations between CO\({}_{2}\) fluxes and environmental factors remains difficult. This limits our understanding of various physical and chemical processes that influence carbon accumulation and cycling in reed marshes.