## 6 Discussion and Implications
### Implications
#### 6.2.2 Managerial Implications  
Our study also has meaningful practical implications for VR safety training content developers and training instructors, particularly because the pandemic has caused a dramatic increase in the demand for training methods requiring less face-to-face contact. The results of our study showed that a trainee's belief and attitude toward VR safety training plays a critical role in enhancing the training effectiveness. These factors are affected by the vividness and interactivity of the VR, along with the trainee's perception of occupational accidents and their own safety. Therefore, first, content developers should focus on increasing the vividness and interactivity perceived by a trainee to increase the training effectiveness. Because vividness is determined by the sensory breadth and depth perceived by the VR user, developers could use high-definition images captured from a real construction site instead of the currently used animation-based content. Furthermore, newly emerging VR hardware, such as haptic suits that provide a feeling of pressure or vibration based on actions in the virtual environment, could be utilized to provide a richer sensory experience, further increasing vividness. To increase the interactivity perceived by the trainee, a higher degree of freedom during the VR safety training should be provided to allow users to manipulate the virtual environment in real time. Although response time is not an issue for most VR systems, the current VR training system fails to provide users with a sense of control over the pace, navigation, and content while proceeding through the training. According to a study by [PERSON] et al. [60], users who learned physical tasks on a VR training system reported a higher sense of interactivity when they were provided multiple viewing angles of themselves, such as a first-person view and a third-person view, in the virtual environment. Owing to the multiple viewing angles, users easily gained information and real-time feedback regarding their own movements, which gave them a sense of control over the pace and navigation of their own body. Therefore, safety training content developers should provide features that allow users to switch between multiple viewing angles to increase their perceived interactivity, and thus increase training effectiveness. Furthermore, allowing multiple trainees to interact with each other within the virtual environment could also provide a higher level of freedom and interactivity. The results of [PERSON] et al. [61] emphasizes the importance of shared experience among trainees on the effectiveness of an AR-based training. Because the construction industry often requires workers to work cooperatively on a single task, we believe that the development of a social VR training system could significantly improve the effectiveness of the VR safety training. However, to create a realistic social VR environment, advances in related technologies, such as VR cloud and 5G, must be preceded [62]. Both content developers and instructors should focus on increasing a trainee's perceived severity toward accidents at the workplace. This could be achieved by introducing not only accident cases and prevention methods, but also the aftermath of these incidents. Furthermore, the use of VR is likely to increase the severity perceived by the trainees because it provides a more realistic sensation compared with that experienced when simply viewing a training video. Finally, because training satisfaction positively affects training transfer, instructors should keep track of the trainee's satisfaction level after the training. A survey that obtains trainees' opinion and improves the training based on the obtained feedback could help increase the overall satisfaction level of future trainees. Furthermore, a continuous survey may help eliminate the possibility of the Hawthorne effect, also known as the \"novelty effect\".