# Pixel Interaction Model for Contrast Enhancement: Bridging Social Science and Image Processing
## 4 Experimental Results
### Performance Evaluation
#### 4.2.2 Numerical Performance
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & **ALGORITHM** & **RMS** & **E** & **MSE** & **AME** & **SNR** & **WSNR** \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{\(I_{1}\)} & AVHEQ & 1.9782 & 6.7226 & 0.0493 & 45.2029 & 0.8640 & 1.1103 \\  & BBHE & 2.3734 & 6.6210 & 0.0507 & 41.8244 & 0.7401 & 1.1272 \\  & ESIHE & 1.5905 & 6.7463 & 0.0226 & 49.3519 & 4.2455 & 4.4860 \\  & MMBEBIE & 1.5051 & 6.6106 & 0.0068 & 42.2220 & 9.4884 & 10.0726 \\  & RSESIHE & 1.3477 & 6.5727 & 0.0104 & 49.6168 & 7.6299 & 7.8987 \\  & C-OPINION & 1.1824 & 6.9812 & 0.0043 & 19.1952 & 11.4452 & 28.4558 \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{\(I_{2}\)} & AVHEQ & 1.4807 & 6.9685 & 0.0231 & 48.0870 & 8.4230 & 8.7304 \\  & BBHE & 1.6930 & 6.8849 & 0.0271 & 56.6380 & 7.7176 & 8.2975 \\  & ESIHE & 1.1332 & 7.0446 & 0.0012 & 58.8036 & 12.5652 & 22.1359 \\  & MMBEBIE & 1.2477 & 6.8543 & 0.0036 & 44.6458 & 16.5268 & 17.2593 \\  & RSESIHE & 1.1005 & 6.8749 & 0.0017 & 63.6452 & 19.7958 & 20.4776 \\  & C-OPINION & 1.1992 & 7.1952 & 0.0089 & 23.3493 & 21.3843 & 28.5567 \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{\(I_{3}\)} & AVHEQ & 1.2158 & 7.0032 & 0.0141 & 51.7651 & 18.3272 & 18.8899 \\  & BBHE & 1.4169 & 6.9242 & 0.0206 & 48.7436 & 11.2094 & 12.1667 \\  & ESIHE & 1.2466 & 7.0451 & 0.0054 & 50.8308 & 17.0569 & 17.6892 \\  & MMBEBIE & 1.4336 & 6.9073 & 0.0151 & 45.0054 & 12.5672 & 13.4218 \\  & RSESIHE & 1.2963 & 6.8784 & 0.0078 & 50.0714 & 15.4518 & 16.3031 \\  & C-OPINION & 1.2024 & 7.5916 & 0.0040 & 27.6524 & 12.8493 & 25.7625 \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{\(I_{4}\)} & AVHEQ & 1.2451 & 6.9780 & 0.0063 & 50.4113 & 12.8451 & 13.0947 \\  & BBHE & 1.8686 & 6.8716 & 0.0299 & 39.7145 & 6.0781 & 6.7103 \\ \cline{1-1}  & ESIHE & 1.1782 & 7.0283 & 0.0045 & 49.2504 & 14.2707 & 14.6270 \\ \cline{1-1}  & MMBEBIE & 1.5856 & 6.8568 & 0.0107 & 41.4072 & 10.5364 & 11.0635 \\ \cline{1-1}  & RSESIHE & 1.2737 & 6.8726 & 0.0104 & 42.4957 & 15.8964 & 16.4874 \\ \cline{1-1}  & C-OPINION & 1.2438 & 7.1299 & 0.0031 & 24.3691 & 10.6439 & 25.2560 \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{\(I_{5}\)} & AVHEQ & 1.7907 & 5.8688 & 0.0404 & 27.0162 & 1.9318 & 2.2463 \\ \cline{1-1}  & BBHE & 1.6711 & 5.7450 & 0.0342 & 195.9152 & 2.6576 & 3.0948 \\ \cline{1-1}  & ESIHE & 1.4489 & 5.9525 & 0.0150 & 183.8082 & 6.2467 & 6.5464 \\ \cline{1-1}  & MMBEBIE & 1.2583 & 5.6784 & 0.0098 & 32.8409 & 8.0817 & 8.7547 \\ \cline{1-1}  & RSESIHE & 0.9045 & 5.6781 & 0.0258 & 210.3823 & 3.8807 & 4.0726 \\ \cline{1-1}  & C-OPINION & 1.1735 & 5.8454 & 0.0069 & 10.8335 & 9.6216 & 24.6134 \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{\(I_{6}\)} & AVHEQ & 1.1876 & 6.0202 & 0.0129 & 101.3794 & 14.9001 & 15.1064 \\ \cline{1-1}  & BBHE & 0.8843 & 5.8630 & 0.0111 & 126.5252 & 15.5548 & 16.1331 \\ \cline{1-1}  & ESIHE & 1.1515 & 6.0561 & 0.0097 & 129.9501 & 16.1175 & 16.3337 \\ \cline{1-1}  & MMBEBIE & 0.8581 & 5.8572 & 0.0095 & 88.3093 & 16.2213 & 16.7870 \\ \cline{1-1}  & RSESIHE & 0.9406 & 5.8852 & 0.0104 & 128.0877 & 20.4348 & 20.9421 \\ \cline{1-1}  & C-OPINION & 1.0463 & 6.3069 & 0.0036 & 50.0409 & 15.8410 & 25.1218 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: The RMS, ENTROPY, MSE, AME, SNR, and WSN metrics were used to evaluate the performance of AVHEQ, BBHE, ESIHE, MMBEBIE, and C-OPINION in image \(I_{1}\) to \(I_{6}\). techniques average to enhance contrast. Finally, the ESIHE stands in the second-best place regarding the overall performance and generally provides above-average results in the metrics. However, it produces some of the poorest outcomes for most images in the metric of \(AME\). Therefore, as indicated by the above analysis, the proposed C-OPINION algorithm can perform with high efficiency and consistency for image contrast enhancement and perform much better compared to the other competing methods. Analyzing Table 1 with a focus on the proposed optimization algorithm, CONTRASTOPINION, the results reveal that it achieves the best results in most metrics compared to the other algorithms. Although it is slightly below the best in one performance index, this minor shortfall does not undermine its overall effectiveness.