## 3 Results and Discussion
### Estimation of Photodegradation Performance  
The optimal conditions for MB pollutant degradation need an investigation into factors such as the number of catalysts used, the mass of the supporting material, the concentration of the MB and the presence of reactive oxidative species. Figure 6a shows, using different catalysts (such as DW, ZnO, DWZ, and DWZG), the affected MB degradation. The photodegradation efficiency of the different catalysts is 78.5% for DW, 86.3% for ZnO, 88.6% for DWZ and 98.2% for DWZG nanocomposites. In DWZG, the MB degrading process is finished in 30 min (98.2%), which is significantly faster than the other photocatalysts. Dye degradation rate kinetics can be calculated by graphing In (C\({}_{0}\)/C) versus time. The results show that the rate constants for MB dye degradation for the host Dy\({}_{2}\)WO\({}_{6}\) photocatalyst, ZnO photocatalyst, DWZ photocatalyst and DWZG photocatalyst are 0.0431 min\({}^{-1}\), 0.0624 min\({}^{-1}\), 0.0718 min\({}^{-1}\) and 0.1215 min\({}^{-1}\), respectively. The rate constant values of the obtained sample were illustrated in Figure S1a. Degradation of MB dye as a function of DWZG nanocomposite in the dark is shown in Figure S1b. When light is absent, adsorption can take place. The adsorption ratio for the breakdown of MB dye increases linearly with the amount of impurities present in the Dy\({}_{2}\)WO\({}_{6}\) and ZnO nanomaterial. The ternary type DWZG nanocomposite is preferable because its adsorption percentage value is higher than those of the host DW, ZnO and DWZ nanomaterials. From the results, it demonstrates that the graphene oxide doped DWZG photocatalyst has a higher degradation performance and shows a high capacity for the adsorption of dye effluents [51]. In Figure 6b, absorption spectra of MB dye degradation using DWZG shows that the absorbance of MB decreased to nearly zero. The inefficiency of others also prevented the decline from being fully realized. Therefore, DWZG photocatalyst efficiency is significantly higher than that of alternative catalysts. Figure 5: XPS analysis of DWZG nanocomposite, (**a**) Survey spectrum, (**b**) C 1s, (**c**) Dy 4d, (**d**) O 1s, (**e**) W 4f and (**f**) Zn 2p elements. In heterogeneous photocatalytic degradation, the amount of materials utilized were critical. The catalyst dosage was varied from 20 mg to 40 mg in MB to determine its efficacy (Figure 6c). Optimization of the DWZG catalyst dose revealed an optimum dose between 10 and 30 mg, beyond which the rate of MB degradation is increased. In Figure 6c, the 30 mg of the catalyst system increases the surface area of the material and also increase the number of reactive sites [52]. From Figure S1c, the kinetics value for MB dye degradation under various catalyst dosage levels is illustrated. From the results, the 30 mg dosage level has a higher rate constant value than the other dosage level. Degradation efficiency drops if photocatalysts aggregate due to the loading of a large volume (40 mg) of reactive catalyst, reducing their active surface area. Additionally, higher solution turbidity may also reduce light penetration. One of the most important aspects of pollutant degradation is optimizing the concentration of the pollutants. The optimum range for MB concentration was found to be 10 uM to 30 uM (Figure 6d). The degradation of pollutants at 10 uM is optimal and steady relative to other factors. The kinetics value for different dye concentrations are shown in Figure S1d; the rate constant value for low dye concentration level is higher than the other concentration level. If the pollutant load were to grow, photodegradation would occur at a slower rate. Adsorption of molecules onto the catalyst's surface could be the reason for the drop in performance. As can be seen in Figure 6d, a concentration of 10 uM is optimal for MB photodecomposition. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a crucial role in photocatalysis; we have studied the effects of various scavengers on the photocatalytic degradation rate.