## 1 Introduction  
The dual carbon strategy is gaining significant attention as a key approach to global climate governance, aiming to protect the environment and promote a shared future for all humanity [1]. For instance, in 2020, China pledged to reach peak carbon emissions by 2030 and to achieve carbon neutrality by 2060 [2]. Therefore, strengthening regional resilience to climate uncertainties and threats is the key to addressing climate change and sustainable regional development [3]. Enhancing carbon sinks is an important way to mitigate and adapt to climate change and achieve the goal of the dual carbon strategy [4]. The concept of the \"three zones\" [5] emphasizes the sustainable development and conservation of regional ecosystems through ecological spaces such as grasslands, forests, and wetlands [6], which are important areas for carbon sinks. Therefore, eco-spatial carbon sinks are an important target for our attention [7]. Net Primary Productivity (NPP), or the production of plant biomass, is equal to all of the carbon taken up by the vegetation through photosynthesis (called Gross Primary Production or GPP) minus the energy lost to respiration. NPP = GPP - respiration, which is used to represent carbon sink capacity. Studies have shown that socio-economic factors (e.g., economic development and population size) [8], natural factors (e.g., CO\({}_{2}\) concentration in the atmosphere, forest structure and density [9, 10], and plant-available nitrogen [11]), and anthropogenic disturbances (e.g.,land use changes) are crucial in determining carbon sinks [12]. Additionally, climate can directly affect carbon sinks at various scales, making it a significant factor in driving carbon sinks [13]. However, research exploring the relationship between climate and carbon sinks tends to focus on a macroscale, such as a global scale, where a temperature rise is often linked to a decrease in NEP (Net Ecosystem Productivity) [14]. However, the temperature fluctuates widely across ecosystems at different scales, with different impacts on carbon sinks. For example, temperature fluctuations have been shown to adversely affect carbon sinks in high-altitude ecosystems [15]. At the same time, water availability is highly sensitive to interannual carbon balance in semi-arid and subtropical ecosystems [16]. These findings highlight the variable relationships between climatic factors and carbon sinks across the ecosystems [17]. However, more research is needed to explore relationships between climate, particularly local and regional, and carbon sinks [18]. Terrestrial ecosystems in China experience a small interannual variability in carbon balance [19]. However, different regions experience varying sensitivity to precipitation and temperature and carbon sink response to climate change [20]. Despite the high variability in precipitation and temperature across the ecosystems, the available literature suggests that only these two macroscale variables have been used to assess climate impact on carbon sinks [21]. More importantly, the role of local-scale climatic variables, such as wind speed, sunshine duration, relative humidity, and evaporation, in determining the ecosystem's carbon sink is often overlooked [22]. In recent years, as urban agglomerations have demonstrated the advantages of synergistic development and governance in environmental management globally, more carbon-sink-related studies have been conducted at the regional scale [23]. Studies have mainly adopted methods such as trend analysis, superposition analysis, and correlation coefficients, mostly focusing on the perspective of dynamic change analysis of driving factors, with more emphasis on time series analysis but less research on the correlation aspect of static spatial differentiation [24; 25]. The spatial Durbin model can quantitatively detect the explanatory power of climate factors on NPP and spatial interaction, which can better address the limitations in the above studies [26].