## 3 Chemical Composition  
The chemical composition of _P. caerulea_ consists of various bioactive compounds, such as alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides and volatiles, all of which could lead to increased therapeutic potential [21]. The compounds of the plant are remarkable subjects for pharmacological research and applications in herbal medicine. Furthermore, according to the scientific literature, the flowers and leaves of _P. caerulea_ possess a wide variety of pharmacological activities, such as vasodilatory, antihyperglycemic, antiarrhythmic, anticonvulsant, etc. [9; 16; 22; 23; 24]. _P. caerulea_ contains a large quantity and diversity of polyphenols. The leaves and aerial parts typically include chrysin, luteolin, quercetin, apigenin, myricetin and C-glycosylated flavonoids like orientin, isoorientin, vitexin and isovitexin, as well as alkaloids, saponins, triterpenoids, cyanogenic acids and phenolics [20; 31; 32]. The fruit is characterized by high content of epigallocatechin gallate, ginseng, naringenin, chryseeriol, luteolin, apigenin and carbohydrates, predominantly comprising dietary fibers; pectin; and carotenoids including lycopene, \(\alpha\)- and \(\beta\)-carotene, \(\beta\)-cryptoxanthin and zeaxanthin [12]. Some studies  
Figure 2: Passiflora caerulea L.  
have reported that the environmental conditions of growth have a significant impact on the metabolic profile of _P. caerulea_[14; 33]. Flavonoid glycosides, the primary category of flavonoids, have been found in significant quantities in the majority of the _Passiflora_ species examined to date, serving as the principal component in several of these species [34]. It has been demonstrated that the anxiolytic activity of _P. caerulea_ can be attributed to these compounds. Chrysin (5,7-dihydroxyflavone) has demonstrated notable activity as a ligand compound, affecting both central and peripheral benzodiazepine receptors in the nervous system, while also showcasing anticonvulsant properties [18]. C-glycoslated flavonoids are frequently found in the aerial parts of _P. caerulea_. Notable examples include apigenin-8-C-glucose (vicrain), apigenin-6-C-glucose (isovitexin), vitexin-2\({}^{\prime\prime}\)-O-glucose, vitexin-6\({}^{\prime\prime}\)-O-glucose, isovitexin-8-C-arabinoside-7-O-glucose, apigenin-6-C-glucose-8-C-arabinoside (schaftoside), apigenin-6,8-di-C-glucose (vicenin-2), apigenin-6-C-rhannoside-8-C-arabinoside, luteolin-8-C-glucoside (orientin), luteolin-6-C-glucose (isoorientin), luteolin-6,8-di-C-glucose (lucenin-2) and chrysin-6-C-\(\beta\)-D-glucose, among others [19; 22; 24; 35; 36]. C-glycosylated flavonoids are significant chemo-markers for _P. caerulea_ and the wider _Passiflora_ genus parts [19; 22; 24]. A study conducted by [PERSON] et al. demonstrated that in the leaves of _P. caerulea_ and _P. incarnata_, the concentrations of orientin, isoorientin and vitexin are higher than in the related species _P. edulis_ and _P. alata_[37]. Harmala alkaloids, including \(\beta\)-carboline and indole derivatives, have been identified as trace-level secondary metabolites in numerous _Passiflora_ species [18; 38]. Harmine, harmane, harmol and several unidentified trace-level harmala alkaloids have been successfully isolated and structurally characterized in _P. caerulea_[16]. In 2007 research, [PERSON] and [PERSON] conducted an experiment that led to the identification and quantification of harmine using HPLC in the aerial parts of the plant [21]. Scientific evidence indicates that these alkaloids are generally associated with anxiolytic and antidepressant effects in various species [18]. Research has demonstrated that the extraction of oil from _P. caerulea_ seeds results in a yield of 29.9% [18]. This oil is primarily composed of three fatty acids: palmitic at 10.1%, oleic at 17.6% and linoleic at 63.1% [39]. Specific indexes of fats and oils have been determined to characterize these non-traditional fatty products, and certain nutritional parameters in the residual seed extraction have also been assessed [39].