## 3 Results and Discussion
### The Chromatographic Characterization of BDs
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & & & \multicolumn{6}{c}{**Cinnamic Acids**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Frenulic Acid**} \\
**Species** & **ID Code** & **Mean Value** & **SD** & **Mean Value** & **SD** & **Mean Value** & **SD** & **Mean Value** & **SD** & **Mean Value** & **SD** \\ \hline _Corylus avelman_ & CA & 2.53 & 0.13 & n.d. & / & n.d. & / & n.d. & / & \\ _Castanan sativu_ & CS & 1.61 & 0.02 & 14.23 & 0.29 & n.d. & / & 4.34 & 0.22 & \\ _Ficus avelcanic_ & FC & n.d. & / & n.d. & / & 62.21 & 0.84 & n.d. & / & \\ _Frazinus excelsior_ & FE & 43.81 & 0.80 & 489.94 & 0.79 & n.d. & / & 295.28 & 0.68 & \\ _Quercus petraea_ & QP & 5.08 & 0.65 & n.d. & / & 0.00 & 0.00 & n.d. & / & \\ _Rikes nigrum_ & RN & 22.48 & 0.04 & n.d. & / & 5.21 & 0.15 & n.d. & / & \\ \hline  & & & & & & & & & & \\ \multicolumn{10}{c}{**Flavonols**} \\
**Species** & **ID Code** & **Hyperoside** & **Isoquercitrin** & **Quercitrin** & **Quercitrin** & **Quercitrin** & **Rutin** & \\
**Mean Value** & **SD** & **Mean Value** & **SD** & **Mean Value** & **SD** & **Mean Value** & **SD** & **Mean Value** & **SD** \\ \hline _Corylus avelman_ & CA & n.d. & / & n.d. & / & 171.25 & 14.28 & 83.46 & 4.98 & 79.50 & 2.14 \\ _Castanan sativa_ & CS & 3.03 & 0.10 & n.d. & / & 30.64 & 0.23 & 29.01 & 0.82 & 1.54 & 0.12 \\ _Ficus avelcanic_ & FC & 63.67 & 0.94 & n.d. & / & 49.68 & 1.24 & 128.34 & 1.08 & 46.20 & 1.11 \\ _Frazinus excelsior_ & FE & 242.26 & 0.89 & n.d. & / & 176.88 & 0.63 & 79.93 & 1.00 & 0.00 & 0.00 \\ _Quercus petraea_ & QP & 7.28 & 0.81 & n.d. & / & 27.91 & 0.38 & 188.45 & 0.79 & 0.00 & 0.00 \\ _Rikes nigrum_ & RN & n.d. & / & n.d. & / & 49.53 & 0.49 & 30.86 & 0.85 & 17.25 & 0.22 \\ \hline  & & & \multicolumn{6}{c}{**Benzo Acids**} & \multicolumn{6}{c}{**Catechins**} \\
**Species** & **ID code** & **Elagic Acid** & **Galidic Acid** & **Calction** & **Elgiatechrin** & **Ded code** & **Mean Value** & **SD** & **Mean Value** & **SD** & **Mean Value** & **SD** \\ \hline _Corylus avelman_ & CA & 193.53 & 2.22 & 46.29 & 2.54 & 48.53 & 2.89 & 49.19 & 2.83 & \\ _Castanan sativa_ & CS & 48.95 & 0.13 & 94.71 & 0.24 & 1.28 & 0.32 & 31.02 & 0.17 & \\ _Ficus avelcanic_ & FC & 67.29 & 0.89 & n.d. & / & 75.79 & 1.04 & 191.56 & 1.13 & \\ _Frazinus excelsior_ & FE & 214.49 & 0.69 & n.d. & / & 57.74 & 0.79 & 270.51 & 0.89 & \\ _Quercus petraea_ & QP & 231.56 & 0.65 & 52.03 & 0.64 & 94.83 & 0.39 & 199.92 & 0.46 & \\ _Rikes nigrum_ & RN & 69.66 & 0.08 & 0.31 & 0.09 & 95.88 & 0.26 & 59.83 & 0.37 & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Chromatographic characterization of BDs obtained from the six different botanical species (_Castanae sativa_, _Corylus avelman_, _Rikes nigrum_, _Frazinus exelsior_, _Ficus arica_ and _Quercus petraea_). The mean results are expressed as mg/100 g of fresh weight (FW). their remarkable health effects, including anti-inflammatory, anti-emetic, anti-influenza and estrogenic actions [22]. * CS is characterized by high amounts of flavonoids (e.g., quercetin and quercetin, with about 30 mg/100 g FW) and benzoic acids (e.g., ellagic and gallic acids, with about 50-90 mg/100 g FW), followed by catechins, especially epicatechin (31.02 + 0.17 mg/100 g FW), as shown in Figure 2. Cinnamic acids were quantified in small amounts (less than 15 mg/100 g FW). _Castanea sativa_ Miller (CS) is one of the most widely used herbal medicines thanks to its health-promoting activities, which are due to its high contents of bioactive compounds (polyphenols, organic acids, terpenes and vitamins) [6]. In fact, CS presents antioxidant and curative properties against both cardiovascular and urinary diseases (especially recurrentystitis), and it is well known for its positive effects on stagnant and vascular fluids [23]. * FC showed high values of catechins (75.79 + 1.04 mg/100 g FW for catechin and 191.56 + 1.13 mg/100 g FW for epicatechin), flavonoids (e.g., quercetin and hyperoside, with values of about 60-130 mg/100 g FW), and phenolic acids (e.g., coumaric and ellagic acids, with values of about 60 mg/100 g FW).