## 3 Results  
The radiation dose measurements that were taken with a FLS or CLS placed 70 cm from the image intensifier are shown in Table 2. At the lens of the eye, the average dose was 106.7 \(\pm\) 5.84 \(\upmu\)Gy with a horizontal FLS and 103.0 \(\pm\) 4.77 \(\upmu\)Gy with a horizontal CLS (\(p\) = 0.63). The average doses with a vertical FLS or CLS were 109.3 \(\pm\) 4.45 \(\upmu\)Gy and 104.7 \(\pm\) 3.76 \(\upmu\)Gy, respectively (\(p\) = 0.43). Therefore, neither placement (vertical or horizontal) nor the type of lead glass shield (FLS or CLS) had a significant effect on the reduction of radiation doses at the lens of the eye. The average radiation doses of the thyroid gland with a horizontal FLS or CLS were 91.33 \(\pm\) 3.02 \(\upmu\)Gy and 100.0 \(\pm\) 3.30 \(\upmu\)Gy (\(p\) = 0.94), respectively, and 97.00 \(\pm\) 2.45 \(\upmu\)Gy and 95.00 \(\pm\) 2.61 \(\upmu\)Gy with a vertical FLS or CLS (\(p\) = 0.78). These measurements show that the placement or type of the lead glass shield do not significantly affect the reduction of radiation doses at the thyroid gland. At the gonads, the average radiation dose was 134.7 \(\pm\) 4.08 \(\upmu\)Gy and 132.7 \(\pm\) 3.16 \(\upmu\)Gy with a horizontal FLS or CLS (\(p\) = 0.61), and 135.30 \(\pm\) 3.42 \(\upmu\)Gy and 133.3 \(\pm\) 2.73 \(\upmu\)Gy with a vertical FLS or CLS (\(p\) = 0.65). Likewise, the radiation doses at the gonads was not significantly affected by the type of lead glass shielding or its placement. The radiation dose measurements that were taken with ceiling-mounted FLS or CLS placed 20 cm from the image intensifier are shown in Table 3. The average radiation dose at the lens of the eye was 106.7 \(\pm\) 5.83 \(\upmu\)Gy and 104.0 \(\pm\) 4.64 \(\upmu\)Gy with a horizontal FLS or CLS (\(p\) = 0.72). The average radiation dose measurements at the thyroid gland with a horizontal FLS or CLS were 89.67 \(\pm\) 2.93 \(\upmu\)Gy and 88.0 \(\pm\) 4.35 \(\upmu\)Gy (\(p\) = 0.75). The average radiation doses of the gonads were 134.7 \(\pm\) 4.08 \(\upmu\)Gy and 132.3 \(\pm\) 3.09 \(\upmu\)Gy (\(p\) = 0.61) with a horizontal FLS or CLS. As before, the type of lead shielding had no significant effect on the ability to reduce radiation doses at the lens of the eye, thyroid glands, and gonads. On  
Figure 3: OSLD dosimetry system: (**A**) nanodot OSLDs; (**B**) microStar reader. the whole, the radiation doses at the gonads are largest, followed by eye lens and thyroid glands during a CAG procedure. The main reason is that the used fluoroscopy system has two X-ray tubes: one of the X-ray tubes is under the operating table and another is in the diagonal top of the operating table for the CAG projections. Such a geometrical setup makes the operators' lower extremities and heads exposed to higher radiation doses. The average radiation doses of an operator with and without lead-glass shielding were 1373.0 \(\pm\) 41.37 uGy and 103.0 \(\pm\) 4.77 uGy, which are significantly different (\(p\) < 0.001). Compared to having a lead shield, not having a lead shield increased the radiation dose at the lens of the eye by approximately 13 times. Furthermore, the \(p\)-value was less than 0.001, which is indicative of a highly significant difference (see Figure 4). AK and DAP values that were measured with different angiographic projections were reported in Table 4. DAP represents the radiation dose at the output of the X-ray tube, while AK represents the skin dose. Between the angiographic projections, it was found that LAO 40 CAU 30 led to the highest radiation dose (DAP = 652.1 \(\pm\) 3.31 cGy\(\cdot\)cm\({}^{2}\) and