# An Eccentricity Based Data Routing Protocol with Uniform Node Distribution in 3D WSN
## 4 Performance Evaluation
### Discussion  
Through the simulations, some fundamental factors are measured that are essential to design an energy-efficient routing protocol. The simulation results reveal that the randomness in the CH nodes election and a number of CHs in each round of the clustering-based approach, as in 3D LEACH, effect the overall network energy consumption due to unawareness about the intra-cluster communication cost of the network.  
A hierarchical multi-hop data forwarding strategy is more effective than the single-hop, considering from a CH node to a faraway sink. Choosing a forwarding node depends on some parameters without considering that the position of the node towards the sink may increase the number of intermediate nodes in the data forwarding, as in 3D EADC. This causes a higher inter-cluster communication cost. To resolve this problem, the position of a node must be considered with other parameters during a forwarding node selection.  
The typical CH nodes election and periodic changes of CHs in each round increase the total number of control messages to broadcast and to receive during the CH nodes election and clusters formation. It dissipates an additional energy of nodes throughout the network lifetime. The quasi-static period defined by the threshold energy level and table driven RC nodes election of EDR is more energy-efficient compared to conventional clustering-based data routing approaches. A table driven RC nodes election reduces broadcasting the number of control messages during the RC nodes election that saves the energy consumption of transmitting and receiving an additional number of control messages.  
The network lifetime differs based on node distributions over the network. The protocols perform better in uniform node distribution compared to nonuniform, due to the balanced energy consumption of nodes. Although the uniform node distribution prolongs the steady state as well as the network lifetime, a part of distant nodes may isolate from the sink after a certain period of time, as in EDR and 3D EADC, because the nearest nodes may die more quickly than the distant nodes, as the nearest nodes are involved with additional data forwarding tasks compared to distant nodes. To address the problem, two solutions can be considered. Firstly, increase the number of node deployments near to the sink, so that the energy consumption of the nearest nodes would be more distributed. Secondly, an optimal \(T_{\mathrm{E}}\) needs to be defined based on the local circumstances of the deployed nodes in different subspaces, as in the EDR.  
The throughput depends on the steady state and network lifetime in these network topologies and routing policies. It increases with increases in the steady state and network lifetime. Therefore,  
Figure 11: **(a)** Number of alive nodes at each round for different \(T_{\mathrm{E}}\) in EDR (uniform); **(b)** Number of alive nodes at each round for different \(T_{\mathrm{E}}\) in EDR (nonuniform).  
an energy economical routing protocol design is a vital factor to prolong the steady state and network lifetime of an energy constraint 3D WSN.