# Development and Finite Element Analysis of a Novel Bent Bone Plate
## 3 FEA Results and Discussion
### Result Summary
#### 3.3.3 First Principal Strain (1)  
Table 4 summarizes the first principal strain of all plates, and the data are illustrated in a bar chart in Figure 29. Similar to the von Mises stress, the lowest maximum first principal strain is on the newly developed plate. The first principal strain from the FEA simulation result of the newly developed plate bent at 50\({}^{\circ}\) is also very much alike the von Mises stress result. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline
**No.** & **Name** & **Minimum** & **Maximum** & **Average** \\ \hline
1 & Traditional & 0 & \(48.8\times 10^{-9}\) & \(3.63\times 10^{-9}\) \\ \hline
2 & Design—0\({}^{\circ}\) & 0 & \(29.6\times 10^{-9}\) & \(4.53\times 10^{-9}\) \\ \hline
3 & Design—10\({}^{\circ}\) & 0 & \(29.6\times 10^{-9}\) & \(4.61\times 10^{-9}\) \\ \hline
4 & Design—20\({}^{\circ}\) & 0 & \(30.5\times 10^{-9}\) & \(4.69\times 10^{-9}\) \\ \hline
5 & Design—30\({}^{\circ}\) & 0 & \(31.4\times 10^{-9}\) & \(4.77\times 10^{-9}\) \\ \hline
6 & Design—40\({}^{\circ}\) & 0 & \(32.1\times 10^{-9}\) & \(4.86\times 10^{-9}\) \\ \hline
7 & Design—50\({}^{\circ}\) & 0 & \(32.7\times 10^{-9}\) & \(4.95\times 10^{-9}\) \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Total displacement (m) of each plate. Figure 27: Total displacement (m) of each plate. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**No.** & **Name** & **Minimum** & **Maximum** & **Average** \\ \hline
1 & Traditional & \(1.99\times 10^{-12}\) & \(29.3\times 10^{-6}\) & \(1.48\times 10^{-6}\) \\ \hline
2 & Design—\(0^{\circ}\) & \(3.60\times 10^{-10}\) & \(16.4\times 10^{-6}\) & \(1.75\times 10^{-6}\) \\ \hline
3 & Design—\(10^{\circ}\) & \(3.40\times 10^{-10}\) & \(23.6\times 10^{-6}\) & \(1.77\times 10^{-6}\) \\ \hline
4 & Design—\(20^{\circ}\) & \(1.35\times 10^{-10}\) & \(33.3\times 10^{-6}\) & \(1.79\times 10^{-6}\) \\ \hline
5 & Design—\(30^{\circ}\) & \(3.91\times 10^{-10}\) & \(26.3\times 10^{-6}\) & \(1.81\times 10^{-6}\) \\ \hline
6 & Design—\(40^{\circ}\) & \(2.83\times 10^{-10}\) & \(24.9\times 10^{-6}\) & \(1.83\times 10^{-6}\) \\ \hline
7 & Design—\(50^{\circ}\) & \(1.41\times 10^{-10}\) & \(35.2\times 10^{-6}\) & \(1.85\times 10^{-6}\) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: First principal strain (1) of each plate. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**No.** & **Name** & **Minimum** & **Maximum** & **Average** \\ \hline
1 & Traditional & \(6.02\times 10^{-1}\) & \(3.57\times 10^{6}\) & \(0.227\times 10^{6}\) \\ \hline
2 & Design—\(0^{\circ}\) & \(7.04\times 10\) & \(2.07\times 10^{6}\) & \(0.269\times 10^{6}\) \\ \hline
3 & Design—\(10^{\circ}\) & \(6.56\times 10\) & \(2.88\times 10^{6}\) & \(0.271\times 10^{6}\) \\ \hline
4 & Design—\(20^{\circ}\) & \(3.95\times 10\) & \(3.84\times 10^{6}\) & \(0.273\times 10^{6}\) \\ \hline
5 & Design—\(30^{\circ}\) & \(6.11\times 10\) & \(3.09\times 10^{6}\) & \(0.276\times 10^{6}\) \\ \hline
6 & Design—\(40^{\circ}\) & \(4.94\times 10\) & \(2.81\times 10^{6}\) & \(0.278\times 10^{6}\) \\ \hline
7 & Design—\(50^{\circ}\) & \(2.15\times 10\) & \(4.10\times 10^{6}\) & \(0.280\times 10^{6}\) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Von Mises stress (N/m\({}^{2}\)) of each plate. Figure 28: Von Mises stress (N/m\({}^{2}\)) of each plate. Overall, all of the bone plates were tested using COMSOL Multiphysics and each has different degrees of displacement, von Mises stress, and first principal strain. Although every plate experienced a certain degree of deformation, it is observed that no plate fractured during the simulation. The main criteria that should be possessed by a bone plate exists in all plates here, meaning that all of these bone plates could actually be used clinically. All bone plates experience damages, mainly on the screw holes towards the end of the bone plate, as the load only applied to that location with the proximal/distal direction is the greatest. This is also the reason that the deformation on the screw holes looks slanted to one side, towards the proximal/distal end.