## 4 Discussion
Nevertheless, it is worth pointing out that CHG demonstrates highly effective antibacterial properties against MRSA strains, and its MIC values range from \(\leq\)0.01% to 0.8% [50; 51; 52]. Unfortunately, due to the increasing and significant resistance of bacteria to this compound, its use should be constantly monitored [53]. Ethyl alcohol is the second most active substance in CITROclorex 2%. It has been proven that this compound achieves the best antibacterial effect at a concentration of 60-85% [54]. Moreover, [PERSON] et al. [55] observed in their study that the MIC value of an antiseptic preparation (containing ethanol at a concentration of 45 g/100 g of solution) against staphylococci was 225 ug/mL, which confirms its weaker properties alone than in combination with CHG.  
OCT, being a moderately toxic antiseptic, is used in the local treatment of infections (e.g., postoperative wounds, bacterial vaginosis in pregnant women, nail infections or acne) [56]. The quick onset of action (as soon as after 60 s) is its great advantage. However, there are literature reports indicating its increasing resistance and toxicity. One such study was carried out by [PERSON] et al. [17], who proved that _Pseudomonas aeruginosa_ can develop resistance to high concentrations of OCT (even 16\(\times\) or 256\(\times\) higher MIC values than the initial concentrations), which is associated, among other factors, with mutations in the _smvR_, _psssA_ and _pssA_ genes. Moreover, research conducted by [PERSON] et al. [48] suggests that Octenisept exhibits strong toxicity (at 10.0% and 12.5% dilutions) towards keratinocytes and fibroblasts isolated from human skin. Nevertheless, such high dilutions of Octenisept may play an important killing role against bacterial biofilm, the destruction of which usually requires higher doses of the active agent. This was noticed, among other studies, in the research of [PERSON] et al. [43], which revealed that a solution based on OCT at a dilution of 12.5% destroyed the biofilm produced by _S. aureus_. However, in the professional literature, there are a lot of data on much lower MIC and MBC values obtained for Octenisept and its main compounds (OCT and phenoxyethanol) against _S. aureus_. These values usually range between 0.20% and 0.78% [47; 48; 51] and are similar to the results obtained in the present study (MIC = 0.20 \(\pm\) 0.00%, MBC = 1.56 \(\pm\) 0.00%). Prontoderm Solution is an antiseptic used mainly in wound care, especially in the treatment of second-degree burns. Its main component is PHMB, the mechanism of which involves binding to negatively charged structures of bacteria. It affects many cellular elements, such as the cell wall and membrane, ion pumps and enzymes [23]. According to the scientific literature, PHMB has antistaphylococcal properties (including against MSSAand MRSA strains), at MIC values ranging from 0.1% to 0.2% [47; 57]. These results are similar to those obtained in the present study, in which the MIC and MBC values against the MRSA strain were 0.20 \(\pm\) 0.00% and 1.17 \(\pm\) 0.55%, respectively. EOs are commonly used all over the world. According to the World Health Organization, some nations use plant-based treatments as the main therapy, and developing countries take advantage of this trend and the benefits of natural compounds for therapeutic purposes [58; 59]. The selection of essential oil constituents in this study was not accidental. They represent the predominant ingredients of thyme (carvacrol), clove (eugenol), eucalyptus (eucalypt), peppermit (menthone), lavelender (linaly acetate, citronellol), geranium (geraniol, citronellol), rose (farnesol, citronellol) and fennel (_trans_anethole, limonene) EOs, which are described in the European Pharmacopoeia and the Polish Pharmacopoeia. Farnesol demonstrated the best antibacterial properties against the analyzed strain (MIC = 0.10 \(\pm\) 0.00%; MBC = 0.78 \(\pm\) 0.00%). Yet, only this compound exhibited bacteriostatic properties.