## 4 Results and Discussion  
### Correlation Matrix Evaluation and Seasonal Variation  
Correlation coefficients are established to portray a correlation among variables and measure statistical significance between pairs of water quality variables [54; 55]. Correlation analysis measures the proximity between the identified dependent and independent variables. Correlation coefficients that are close to \(-1\) or \(+1\) demonstrates a strong correlation between x and y, which have a linear correlation. The correlation between the parameters is referred to as strong from (\(+0.8\) to \(1.0\)) or (\(-0.8\) to \(-1.0\)), moderate from (\(+0.5\) to \(0.8\)) or (\(-0.5\) to \(-0.8\)) and weak from (\(+0.0\) to \(0.5\)) or (\(-0.0\) to \(-0.5\)) [56]. In cases where the correlation coefficient between variables is zero, there could be no correlation with a degree of \(p<0.05\) between the two variables [57]. In this study, a correlation matrix was constructed for each dry and wet season using the physicochemical parameters. Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) is determined using correlation matrix to identify the highly correlated and interrelated water quality parameters. To test the significance of the pair of parameters, the \(p\)-value is determined. In the wet season, strong positive correlations were observed between TDS values and EC, temperature, TP, TN, and Na\({}^{+}\) values (r = 0.992, r = 0.874, r = 0.850, r = 0.836; \(p<0.05\)), and strong negative correlations between TDS and DO with \(-0.825\) at \(p<0.05\). Moderate positive correlations were found between TDS and PO\({}_{4}-\)P, BOD, COD, and K\({}^{+}\) values (r = 0.797, r = 0.698, r = 0.695, r = 0.523; \(p<0.05\)), and low positive correlation between TDS and pH with r = 0.26; \(p<0.05\) (Table 4). Strong negative correlations were found between DO and EC, TDS, TP, and TN (r = \(-0.825\), r = \(-0.850\), r = \(-0.8  
Strong positive correlations were observed between temperature and the values of EC, TDS, Na\({}^{+}\) and TP (r = 0.86, r = 0.864, r = 0.849, r = 0.821; \(p<0.05\)), and a moderate positive correlation was observed between temperature and the values of TN and PO\({}_{4}-\)P (r = 0.525, r = 0.669, r = 0.594; \(p<0.05\)). There was also a moderate negative correlation between temperature and DO, with r = \(-\)0.692 at \(p<0.005\). There was a weak correlation between temperature and the values of COD and BOD (r = 0.447, r = 0.454; \(p<0.05\)). NH\({}_{3}-\)N had a moderate positive correlation with K\({}^{+}\), with r = 0.531 at \(p<0.005\), and weak positive correlations with TN and temperature (r = 0.331, r = 0.481 at \(p<0.05\)). NO\({}_{2}-\)N correlated moderately positively with BOD and COD (r = 0.721, r = 0.664 at \(p<0.05\)) and weakly positively with PO\({}_{4}-\)P and Ca\({}^{+2}\) (r = 0.449, r = 0.404 at \(p<0.05\)). A strong positive correlation was found between PO\({}_{4}-\)P and TN, with r = 0.825 at \(p<0.005\), moderate positive correlations were found between PO\({}_{4}-\)P and COD, BOD, TP, and temperature (r = 0.712, r = 0.709, r = 0.730, r = 0.602, r = 0.594; \(p<0.05\)), and a moderate negative correlation was observed between PO\({}_{4}-\)P and DO values (r = \(-\)0.793; \(p<0.05\)). No statistically significant difference was found between pH and NO\({}_{3}-\)N and the rest of the parameters of LHW (\(p>0.05\)). In the dry season, strong positive correlations were observed between TDS values and EC, TP, Na\({}^{+}\), PO\({}_{4}-\)P, and temperature values (r = 0.999, r = 0.814, r = 0.899, r = 0.839, r = 0.933; \(p<0.05\)), moderate positive correlations were observed between TDS and BOD, COD, K\({}^{+}\), and TN values (r = 0.686, r = 0.561, r = 0.645, r = 0.534; \(p<0.05\)), and a strong negative correlation was found between TDS values and DO (r = \(-\)0.819 at \(p<0.05\)).