## 3 Results
### Effects of HESAB on Antioxidant Enzymes  
The effects of HESAB on serum antioxidant enzymes are shown in Table 3. The CAT, SOD and GPX were 7.62 \(\pm\) 2.15, 2.76 \(\pm\) 1.52, and 3.54 \(\pm\) 1.91 mmol/mL in artesunate group; and 19.03 \(\pm\) 4.25, 8.05 \(\pm\) 2.91, and 10.62 \(\pm\) 3.24 mmol/mL in control group respectively. Treatment with HESAB raised the CAT, SOD, and GPX to 18.866 \(\pm\) 2.59, 5.020 \(\pm\) 0.89, and 5.05 \(\pm\) 2.01 mmol/mL respectively.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l} \hline \hline
**Plyochemical Constituents** & **Concentration** \\ \hline Alkaloids & 17.33 \(\pm\) 2.31 mg/g \\ \hline Tannins & 1.93 \(\pm\) 0.031 mg/g \\ \hline Saponins & 1.14 \(\pm\) 1.53 mg/g \\ \hline Cardiac glycosides & 0.13\(\pm\) 0.03 mg/g \\ \hline Anthraquinones & 0.16 \(\pm\) 0.1 mg/g \\ \hline Flavonoids & 64.63 \(\pm\) 0.35 mg GAE/g \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}  
* Each value was expressed as mean \(\pm\) SD, n = 3 GAE—Gallic acid equivalent.  
\end{table}
Table 1: Estimation of phytochemical content in HESAB.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c} \hline \hline
**Group/Parameters** & **TC (mg/dL)** & **TAG (mg/dL)** & **HDL (mg/dL)** & **LDL (mg/dL)** \\ \hline Control & 41.42 \(\pm\) 7.57 & 28.18 \(\pm\) 1.58 & 22.18 \(\pm\) 0.37 & 27.73 \(\pm\) 5.00 \\ ART only & 69.42 \(\pm\)8.03 \({}^{\text{a,c,d,e}}\) & 34.43 \(\pm\) 6.04 \({}^{\text{d,f}}\) & 17.81 \(\pm\) 0.42 & 45.1 \(\pm\) 9.66 \({}^{\text{a,c,d,e,f}}\) \\
400 mg/kgbw HESAB & 50.75 \(\pm\) 8.52 & 30.51 \(\pm\) 7.12 & 23.75 \(\pm\) 0.57 & 20.23 \(\pm\) 3.39 \({}^{\text{b}}\) \\
800 mg/kgbw HESAB & 44.67 \(\pm\) 4.30 & 20.62 \(\pm\) 8.01 & 17.81 \(\pm\) 0.17 & 24.11 \(\pm\) 6.61 \\ ART + 400 mg/kgbw HESAB & 55.42 \(\pm\) 8.47 & 28.45 \(\pm\) 3.12 & 18.13 \(\pm\) 0.28 & 26.89 \(\pm\) 11.32 \\ ART+ 800 mg/kgbw HESAB & 51.92 \(\pm\) 7.23 & 21.23 \(\pm\) 1.57 & 26.6 \(\pm\) 0.28 & 30.74 \(\pm\) 5.74 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}  
* TC—total cholesterol; TAG—triglyceride; HDL—high-density lipoprotein; LDL—low-density lipoprotein. Values were expressed as mean \(\pm\) SD (n = 8). The superscripts a, b, c, d, e, and f indicate a significant difference (\(p<\) 0.05).  
\end{table}
Table 2: Effects of HESAB on serum lipid profile.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Parameters/** & **CAT** & **SOD** & **GPX** \\
**Group** & **\(\boldsymbol{\mu}\)mol/mL** & \(\boldsymbol{\mu}\)mol/mL** & \(\boldsymbol{\mu}\)mol/mL** \\ \hline Control & 19.03 \(\pm\) 4.25 & 8.05 \(\pm\) 2.91 & 10.62 \(\pm\) 3.24 \\ ART only & 7.62 \(\pm\) 2.15 \({}^{\text{a,c,d,e,f}}\) & 2.76 \(\pm\) 1.52 \({}^{\text{a,c,d,e,f}}\) & 3.54 \(\pm\) 1.91 \({}^{\text{a,c,d,e}}\) \\
400 mg/kgbw HESAB & 27.07 \(\pm\) 5.32 & 8.35 \(\pm\) 2.24 & 8.01 \(\pm\) 2.39 \\
800 mg/kgbw HESAB & 25.38 \(\pm\) 5.26 & 6.24 \(\pm\) 1.62 & 6.03 \(\pm\) 2.12 \\ ART + 400 mg/kgbw HESAB & 15.228 \(\pm\) 4.37 & 6.34 \(\pm\) 1.46 & 7.37 \(\pm\) 3.11 \\ ART + 800 mg/kg bw HESAB & 18.866 \(\pm\) 2.59 & 5.020 \(\pm\) 0.89 & 5.05 \(\pm\) 2.01 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}  
* ART—artequante; CAT—catalase; SOD—superoxide dismutase; GPx—Glutathione peroxidase. Values were expressed as mean \(\pm\) SD (n = 8). The superscripts a, c, d, e, and f indicate a significant difference (\(p<\) 0.05).  
\end{table}
Table 3: Effects of HESAB on serum antioxidant enzymes in Wistar rats.