## 3 Results and Discussion
### Associations Between Organic and Sustainable Food-Related Behaviors in Warsaw
#### 3.2.1 Dietary Behavior
rice); \"DP6\"--whole grain bread and other whole grain cereal products (e.g., pasta, rice); and \"DP7\"--alcohol (Table 1). The research reveals a positive statistically significant association between a healthier, environmentally friendly, plant-based dietary pattern (DP2)--which prioritizes the consumption of fruits, vegetables, and legumes--and higher levels of organic food consumption (Table 1). Conversely, a negative correlation was identified between organic food consumption and primarily animal-based patterns such as DP1 (meat and eggs), DP4 (dairy, including cheese and butter), and DP3 (processed and fast food products). This is supported by a French study showing that the dietary share of plant-based foods increased with the contribution of organic foods to the diet, whereas a reverse trend was identified for meats and processed meats, dairy products, cookies, fast-food, and soda [55]. Furthermore, in the same study, higher organic food consumption was associated with better adherence to NDGs, which aligns with findings from other studies from Denmark [56]. 2.2 Sustainability Awareness, Food Choice Determinants, Associations with Organic Food, and Shopping Places  
Previous studies have exposed that sustainability awareness is a significant motivator for purchasing organic foods, with concerns about pesticide use, environmental degradation, and health implications driving consumer behavior [57; 58]. In addition, the other studies show that the capital city of Warsaw, which possesses the largest and most competitive market in Poland [59], alongside one of the highest per capita incomes in the country [60], reveals specific consumer behavior patterns. In comparison to other cities in Poland, 64% of Warsaw residents spend more than the national average on food shopping, and the city has experienced the lowest impact of inflation on food expenditures [61]. The same report [55] highlights that the inclination to opt for higher-quality products is a contributing factor to this trend. In fact, freshness, taste, and composition, alongside naturalness, no GMOs, and safety, were identified as the most significant factors influencing food purchasing decisions among Warsaw consumers in this study (Figure 5). This is corroborated by findings from another Polish study [62] indicating that freshness and ingredient quality are paramount considerations for food shopping in the capital. However, the Report on the Study of Shopping and Eating Habits of Warsaw Residents in the Context of Food Waste [63] emphasizes the importance of price as a determining factor in food choice. In the context of this study, the attribute of price was deemed highly important by only 5% of respondents. Conversely, a substantial 25% of participants identified it as the attribute they considered not important at all (Figure 5). It is worth mentioning that the highest income group also represented the largest portion of respondents in the current survey, accounting for 24% (see Appendix A). \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**Variables** & _rs_ & \(p\) * \\ \hline DP 1 (meat and eggs) & \(-0.148\) & \(0.002\) \\ DP 2 (fruits, vegetables, legumes, not processed) & \(0.143\) & \(0.002\) \\ DP 3 (processed food and fast food) & \(-0.123\) & \(0.009\) \\ DP 4 (dairy, including cheese and butter) & \(-0.108\) & \(0.022\) \\ DP 5 (white bread and non-whole grain cereal products) & \(-0.055\) & \(0.241\) \\ DP 6 (whole bread and whole grain cereal products) & \(0.067\) & \(0.157\) \\ DP 7 (alcohol) & \(0.071\) & \(0.132\) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}  
* R-Spearman correlation analysis (_p_ < 0.05).  
\end{table} 
Table 1: The association between organic food consumption and the identified dietary patterns (DPs) of household survey respondents in Warsaw. N = 449. The three attributes referenced above (freshness, taste, and composition) may elucidate why over 70% of respondents declared to be engaged in sustainable shopping behaviors (Figure 6).