## 2 Results and Discussion
### Impact of Cluster-Zone Leaf Removal on Grape Phenolic Profiles
#### 2.2.3 Flavan-3-Ols
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Compounds** & **Vintage and Variety** & **LR1** & **LR2** & **LR3** & **CK** \\ \hline  & 2021 Cabernet Sauvignon & \(1.4\pm 0.1\) a & \(1.67\pm 0.2\) a & \(1.69\pm 0.19\) a & \(0.98\pm 0.08\) b \\ \multirow{2}{*}{myricetin-3-O-galactoside} & 2022 Cabernet Sauvignon & \(2.5\pm 0.12\) a & \(2.34\pm 0.11\) a & \(2\pm 0.03\) b & \(1.58\pm 0.24\) c \\  & 2022 Marsehan & \(1.84\pm 0.1\) a & \(1.14\pm 0.14\) c & \(1.31\pm 0.12\) c & \(1.59\pm 0.06\) b \\  & 2021 Cabernet Sauvignon & \(3.90\pm 0.04\) b & \(4.53\pm 0.39\) a & \(3.94\pm 0.33\) b & \(3.31\pm 0.25\) c \\ \multirow{2}{*}{myricetin-3-O-glucuronide} & 2022 Cabernet Sauvignon & \(6.14\pm 0.25\) a & \(6.04\pm 0.29\) a & \(5.27\pm 0.24\) b & \(4.46\pm 0.26\) c \\  & 2022 Marsehan & \(5.95\pm 0.46\) a & \(4.16\pm 0.21\) b & \(4.36\pm 0.4\) c & \(5.59\pm 0.17\) a \\  & 2021 Cabernet Sauvignon & \(3.18\pm 0.05\) b & \(4.18\pm 0.37\) a & \(3.61\pm 0.21\) b & \(2.81\pm 0.19\) c \\ \multirow{2}{*}{laricitin-3-O-glucoside} & 2022 Cabernet Sauvignon & \(5.29\pm 0.15\) a & \(4.57\pm 0.19\) b & \(4.53\pm 0.23\) b & \(3.83\pm 0.24\) c \\  & 2022 Marsehan & \(7.48\pm 0.37\) a & \(6.62\pm 0.31\) b & \(6.27\pm 0.41\) b & \(7.45\pm 0.36\) c \\  & 2021 Cabernet Sauvignon & \(2.32\pm 0.01\) b & \(2.96\pm 0.21\) a & \(2.29\pm 0.16\) b & \(2.27\pm 0.17\) b \\ \multirow{2}{*}{syringetin-3-O-glucose} & 2022 Cabernet Sauvignon & \(3.21\pm 0.1\) a & \(2.66\pm 0.08\) b & \(2.58\pm 0.11\) b & \(2.41\pm 0.14\) c \\  & 2022 Marsehan & \(6.41\pm 0.33\) a & \(5.95\pm 0.28\) b & \(5.44\pm 0.4\) c & \(7.07\pm 0.45\) a \\ \multirow{2}{*}{Total flavonoids} & 2021 Cabernet Sauvignon & \(1130.6\pm 1.73\) b & \(138.14\pm 11.45\) a & \(127.73\pm 10\) b & \(97.23\pm 5.41\) c \\  & 2022 Cabernet Sauvignon & \(1931.4\pm 7.8a\) & \(1888.8\pm 0.14\) b & \(1496.41\pm 979\) b & \(139.61\pm 94.04\) c \\  & 2022 Marsehan & \(186.13\pm 4.59\) a & \(150.08\pm 6.81\) c & \(151.7\pm 11.47\) c & \(168.47\pm 6.18\) b \\ \multirow{2}{*}{Proportion of kaempfer flavonoids (\%)} & 3.81 \(\pm\) 0.04 a & \(3.93\pm 0.2a\) & \(4.1\pm 0.16\) a & \(3.19\pm 0.19\) b \\  & 2022 Cabernet Sauvignon & \(6.07\pm 0.06\) b & \(6.24\pm 0.1\) b & \(7.55\pm 0.04\) c & \(5.77\pm 0.06\) c \\  & 2022 Marsehan & \(3.47\pm 0.28\) b & \(3.55\pm 0.09\) a & \(3.96\pm 0.17\) a & \(2.98\pm 0.11\) b \\  & 2021 Cabernet Sauvignon & \(429.4\pm 0.33\) b & \(41.17\pm 0.39\) c & \(40.57\pm 0.44\) c & \(4.09\pm 0.52\) c \\ \multirow{2}{*}{Proportion of quercetin flavonoids (\%)} & 2022 Cabernet Sauvignon & \(47.09\pm 0.26\) a & \(47.89\pm 0.53\) a & \(45.12\pm 0.09\) b & \(47.28\pm 0.3\) a \\  & 2022 Marsehan & \(95.96\pm 1.44\) a & \(41.52\pm 0.82\) a & \(39.11\pm 0.91\) a & \(36.83\pm 0.15\) b \\  & 2021 Cabernet Sauvignon & \(50.08\pm 0.06\) b & \(5.48\pm 0.04\) a & \(5.22\pm 0.05\) a & \(4.28\pm 0.07\) c \\ \multirow{2}{*}{Proportion of Isoshamtein flavonoids (\%)} & 2022 Cabernet Sauvignon & \(4.63\pm 0.03\) b & \(4.69\pm 0.06\) b & \(4.89\pm 0.09\) a & \(4.51\pm 0.04\) b \\  & 2022 Marsehan & \(5.21\pm 0.16\) a & \(5.53\pm 0.27\) a & \(4.81\pm 0.09\) b & \(5.25\pm 0.17\) a \\  & 2021 Cabernet Sauvignon & \(43.31\pm 0.4\) b & \(44.25\pm 0.43\) a & \(45.58\pm 0.41\) a & \(42.28\pm 0.58\) c \\ \multirow{2}{*}{Proportion of mysterious flavonoids (\%)} & 2022 Cabernet Sauvignon & \(37.85\pm 0.25\) & \(37.34\pm 0.67\) & \(38.15\pm 0.21\) & \(3.79\pm 0.41\) c \\  & 2022 Marsehan & \(44.43\pm 1.89\) a & \(41.02\pm 1.19\) b & \(44.39\pm 11.14\) & \(46.33\pm 0.31\) a \\  & 2021 Cabernet Sauvignon & \(2.82\pm 0.02\) b & \(3.02\pm 0.03\) a & \(2.83\pm 0.05\) b & \(2.89\pm 0.05\) b \\ \multirow{2}{*}{Proportion of Laricitin flavonoids (\%)} & 2022 Cabernet Sauvignon & \(2.71\pm 0.04\) a & \(2.42\pm 0.01\) b & \(2.67\pm 0.03\) a & \(2.75\pm 0.04\) a \\  & 2022 Marsehan & \(4.02\pm 0.09\) b & \(4.41\pm 0.05\) a & \(4.13\pm 0.04\) b & \(4.42\pm 0.13\) a \\ \multirow{2}{*}{Proportion of syringetin flavonoids (\%)} & 2021 Cabernet Sauvignon & \(2.05\pm 0.03\) b & \(2.15\pm 0.03\) b & \(1.8\pm 0.05\) c & \(2.28\pm 0.04\) a \\  & 2022 Cabernet Sauvignon & \(1.66\pm 0.02\) a & \(1.41\pm 0.03\) c & \(1.52\pm 0.02\) b & \(1.73\pm 0.04\) a \\  & 2022 Marsehan & \(3.44\pm 0.11\) b & \(3.97\pm 0.1\) a & \(3.59\pm 0.07\) b & \(4.19\pm 0.15\) a \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} Note: Mom \(\pm\) SD are presented (\(n\sim 3\): “soft” indicate “not detected”). Lowercase letters indicate significant differences at \(p\sim 0.05\) according to [PERSON]’s test.  
\end{table}