# Relevance of Surface Electromyography Assessment and Sleep Impairment in Scoliosis: A Pilot Study
## 3 Results
### Results of the EMG Assessment for the 15 Subjects Included in the Study  
The EMG assessment was carried out before performing the rehabilitation program (T1) and 12 months later, after completing the rehabilitation protocol (T2). Dynamic EMG assumed assessment during flexion and hyperextension of the torso, while static EMG was performed in orthostatic position. The voluntary muscular activity was assessed through surface EMG. The collected data were analyzed considering symmetry by calculating the symmetry index (right side/left side). The utilized formula was based on the ratio of the EMG amplitude signal right/left for the mean maximal amplitude of the EMG signal. This reflects the motor unit activity. Value 1 is considered a reference value and indicates paravertebral muscle symmetry. The collected data present an improvement of the symmetry index for 12 out of 15 patients and also an improvement of the mean symmetry index value during flexion movement, as shown in Table 8. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} **Patient** \\ **Code** \\ \end{tabular} } & \multirow{2}{*}{**T1 EMG 1**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**T1 EMG 2**} & \multirow{2}{*}{\
\begin{tabular}{c} **T1** \\ **Symmetry** \\ **Index** \\ \end{tabular} } & \multirow{2}{*}{**T2 EMG 1**} & \multirow{2}{*}{
\begin{tabular}{c} **T2** \\ **Symmetry** \\ **Index** \\ \end{tabular} } \\ \hline P1 & 34.86 & 32.69 & 1.07 & 92 & 62 & 1.48 \\ P2 & 68.21 & 75.72 & 0.90 & 77.69 & 71 & 1.09 \\ P3 & 100 & 125 & 0.80 & 220 & 220 & 1.00 \\ P4 & 34 & 44 & 0.77 & 220 & 205 & 1.07 \\ P5 & 59 & 73 & 0.81 & 74.66 & 77.87 & 0.96 \\ P6 & 49.65 & 51.03 & 0.97 & 73.15 & 67.90 & 1.08 \\ P7 & 119.37 & 127.30 & 0.94 & 73.15 & 67.90 & 1.08 \\ P8 & 27.70 & 16.47 & 1.68 & 90.19 & 76.95 & 1.17 \\ P9 & 46.09 & 57.70 & 0.80 & 72.45 & 66.70 & 1.09 \\ P10 & 54.33 & 119.88 & 0.45 & 76.40 & 100.03 & 0.76 \\ P11 & 13 & 17.31 & 0.75 & 91.80 & 76.95 & 1.19 \\ P12 & 90 & 110 & 0.82 & 71.00 & 68 & 1.04 \\ P13 & 100 & 118 & 0.85 & 76.00 & 95 & 0.80 \\ P14 & 18.46 & 14.97 & 1.23 & 24.95 & 30 & 0.83 \\ P15 & 74.85 & 82.15 & 0.91 & 72.45 & 56.75 & 1.28 \\ Minimum & 13 & 14.96 & 0.45 & 24.94 & 30 & 0.76 \\ Maximum & 119.37 & 127.29 & 1.68 & 220 & 220 & 1.48 \\ Mean & 59.30 & 71.01 & 0.91 & 93.72 & 89.47 & 1.06 \\ Deviation & \multirow{2}{*}{32.21} & \multirow{2}{*}{41.51} & \multirow{2}{*}{0.27} & \multirow{2}{*}{53.54} & \multirow{2}{*}{52.5} & \multirow{2}{*}{0.18} \\ Standard & & & & & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 8: Symmetry index right/left during flexion. During hyperextension movement, the muscular imbalance was maintained in 8 out of 15 subjects, which means there is a majority of 53.33% with poor spine alignment. The symmetry index values during orthostatic position are detailed in Table 10.  
During hyperextension movement, the muscular imbalance was maintained in 8 out of 15 subjects, which means there is a majority of 53.33% with poor spine alignment. The symmetry index values during orthostatic position are detailed in Table 10.