## 1 Introduction
Serpentinite can be used in different areas (construction, ceramics, agriculture, mining, steel, etc.) due to its physical properties, especially the presence of high Mg and Si concentrations, as well as its surface properties [21]. The serpentinite group is a potential source due to the high magnesium content of the protolith. Today, the use of serpentinites in agriculture is being investigated in countries with temperate climates. Some studies have been conducted to evaluate serpentinite minerals' performance as agricultural and magnesium fertilizers. For example, a study conducted in New Zealand evaluated the performance of serpentinites and dunites as magnesium sources [22]. Another study examined the effects of serpentinite magnesium fertilizer on feed efficiency [23] and [PERSON] et al. [24] examined the effect of serpentinite soil on nutrients in Poland. [PERSON] et al. [25] evaluated the agricultural potential of serpentinites in Brazil, and [PERSON] et al. [26] the performance of serpentinites in soybean crops. [PERSON] et al. [27] investigated the agricultural potential of mining wastes consisting of dunite and serpentinite. Serpentine lizardite is used as an additive in ceramic and glass production due to its resistance to high temperatures. It can be used in construction materials, especially stone blocks and paving materials [28]. Chrysotile has been widely used in thermal insulation and fire-protection applications. As regards mechanical and industrial applications, chrysotile has been used in a variety of industrial applications, especially where heat and wear resistance are required. Chrysotile is frequently used as a firefighting material [29]. It is used in the automotive industry, in brake pads and clutch systems [30], and as an insulation material in electrical devices to provide heat and wear resistance [31]. One of the countries that uses chrysotile the most to produce friction materials is Iran (2000 tons every year) [32]. Chrysotile is used as a filler for asphalt pavement and resin plastics on traffic roads. In industrial applications, chrysotile is used by combining it with phenolic polypropylene and plastics in heating systems and industrial furnaces, coatings, packaging materials, aircraft wing fuel tanks, rocket tail nozzle tubes, rocket ablation prevention materials. Chrysotile's many industrial applications include the following: 80% is used for construction materials, asbestos sheet and cement products; 7% is used for friction materials; and a usage of <3% has been reported for chrysotile textiles [33]. In building materials, chrysotile can be used as ceiling flooring, roof tiles, sound insulation boards, house panels, pipe insulation and wall panels. Additionally, various chrysotile cement products are also used today [34]. Similarly, it is used to produce vitrified materials and for cathode ray tube (CRT) glass parts [35]. In terms of environmental benefits and safety, alternative asbestos materials are among the most researched topics today to avoid the use of chrysotile [36]. Serpentinites are distributed across various regions worldwide, with global reserves estimated to be in the hundreds of millions of tons. Serpentinite reserves can be found in Australia, Paraguay, Italy, New Zealand, Russia, Canada, the USA, Brazil and Turkiye [37; 38]. There are serpentinite and serpentinize ultramaphites within the Guleman, Kocali and Komurhan ophiolites on the Eastern Anatolian Fault zone (Figure 1). This study aimed to determine microstructural characterization and the petrographic, geochemical properties, geotectonic environments of the Guleman ophiolite serpentinites used in contemporary fields such as agriculture, industry, automotives, etc.