## 3 Results and Discussions
### EDC Removal
As previously mentioned, the 100% elimination of MeP and PrP using different microalgae species was reported [52]. Additionally, a PrP removal rate of approximately 89% was achieved from an initial concentration of 300 ng PrP/L using an anoxic-aerobic photobioreactor with a consortium of _Tetradesmus obliquus_, _C. vulgaris_, _Pseudanabena_ sp., _Scenedesmus_ sp., and _Nitzscha_ sp. [85]. However, these studies employed lower initial concentrations than those reported in our work. When higher concentrations of parabens were studied, only 33% and 14% removal of MeP were obtained using _C. vulgaris_ at initial concentrations of 0.8 and 8.0 mg MeP/L, respectively [59]. Given the scarcity of the literature on BP microalgae removal, our results will be compared with those for similar molecules such as BP-3 and BP-4. In all cases, the removal values obtained in our study are superior to those reported in previous research. _S. obliquus_ removed 23.3-28.5% of BP-3 after 10 days of cultivation, ranging from 0.1 to 3 mg BP-3/L [53]. A maximum BP-3 removal of 58.4% was achieved at an initial concentration of 0.01 ug BP-3/L using the green alga _Chlamydomonas reinhardtii_ within 10 days, with decreasing efficiency at higher pollutant concentrations [86]. A removal rate of 14% at 1 mg BP-4/L was reported also using _C. vulgaris_[87]. The final BPA removal rates presented in Table 1 are higher than those reported by previous authors. Removal rates of 20.0%, 46.4%, 42.9%, and 43.0% were achieved using _Chlorella pyrenoidosis_ after 120 h of culture with BPA concentrations of 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, and 8.0 mg BPA/L [88]. Microalgae _C. mexicana_ and _C. vulgaris_ achieved 39% and 28% removal, respectively, in \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c} \hline
**Microalgae** & **MeP** & **PrP** & **BuP** & **BP** & **BPA** & **E** & **Ref.** \\ \hline _Scenedesmus_ sp. & 100.0 \(\pm\) 0.0\% & 99.4 \(\pm\) 1.1\% & 99.2 \(\pm\) 1.5\% & 85.6 \(\pm\) 9.0\% & 81.8 \(\pm\) 6.3\% & 67.0 \(\pm\) 0.6\% \\ C. _vulgaris_ & 100.0 \(\pm\) 0.0\% & 100.0 \(\pm\) 0.0\% & 100.0 \(\pm\) 0.0\% & 62.1 \(\pm\) 9.1\% & 89.9 \(\pm\) 2.0\% & 83.0 \(\pm\) 2.0\% \\ \hline _C. reinhardtii_ & 100.0\% & 100.0\% & & & & & \\ _S. obliquus_ & 100.0\% & 100.0\% & & & & & \\ _C. pyrenoidosis_ & 100.0\% & 100.0\% & & & & & [52] \\ _C. vulgaris_ & 100.0\% & 100.0\% & & & & & \\ \hline _Tetradesmus obliquus_, _C. vulgaris_, _Pseudanabena_ sp. & 89.0\% & & & & & [85] \\ _and Nitzscha_ sp. & & & & & & [59] \\ _and Nitzscha_ sp. & & & 23.3–28.5\% \({}^{1}\) & & & [53] \\ _C. vulgaris_ & & & 58.4\% \({}^{1}\) & & & [86] \\ _Chlamydomonas reinhardtii_ & & & 14.0\% \({}^{2}\) & & & [87] \\ _Chlorella pyrenoidosis_ & & & 20.0–43.0\% & & [88] \\ _C. mexicana_ & & & & 39.0\% & & [55] \\ _C. vulgaris_ & & & & 28.0\% & & [84] \\ _S. obliquus_ & & & & & 52.0\% & \\ _C. vulgaris_ & & & & & & \\ \hline \end{tabular} \({}^{1}\) BP-3; \({}^{2}\) BP-4.  
\end{table} 
Table 1: Final removal percentage rates at day 7 with _Scenedesmus_ sp. and _C. vulgaris_ and comparison with literature review. Errors are expressed as \(\pm\) standard error of the mean (\(n=3\)). a medium containing 1 mg BPA/L within 10 days [55]. Finally, the results of E removal are consistent with the previously shown literature. _S. obliquaus_ and _C. vulgaris_ removed 91% and 52% of E, respectively [84], and other studies found E removal rates higher than 80% [83]. In summary, the results reported in our work are very promising and demonstrate the potential of using _Scenedesmus_ sp. and _C. vulgaris_ to simultaneously remove a variety of EDCs from wastewater, achieving ECD removal percentages higher, in general, than those reported in the literature. To quantify degradation rates for each contaminant, kinetic constants were calculated from the above removal curves, assuming a pseudo-first-order model in all cases, according to Equation (2). The values obtained (Table 2) indicate that the degradation rate is significantly higher when using microalgae compared to abiotic conditions, with _C.