## 5 Experiment Results  
### Effect of Stressors' Condition on Physiological Responses and Near-Miss Recognition Performance  
Participants showed variation in their physiological responses across different stress conditions. Each parameter was evaluated to assess the effect of stressors on an individual's physiological state, including the total trial response (EDR\({}_{\text{T}}\) and HR\({}_{\text{T}}\)) and stressor task response (EDR\({}_{\text{S}}\) and HR\({}_{\text{S}}\)). Table 2 and Figure 10 demonstrate that there were statistically significant differences in participants' arousal levels (EDR\({}_{\text{T}}\)) between baseline and auditory stress trials with (T-Statistics = \(-\)2.932; \(p\)-value = 0.003 \(<\) 0.05) and mean EDR for auditory stress trial being greater than baseline (mean = MST \(>\) BT, 0.598 \(>\) 0.248). In contrast, there was no statistically significant difference between baseline and mental stress trials for EDRT. Similarly, the arousal level difference for stressor-specific task response (EDR\({}_{\text{S}}\)) was statistically significant between baseline and mental stress trial (T-Statistics = \(-\)3.767; \(p\)-value = 0.000 \(<\) 0.05) and between baseline and auditory stress trial (T-Statistics = \(-\)3.464; \(p\)-value = 0.001 \(<\) 0.05). In addition, Table 3 and Figure 11 show a significant statistical difference in participants' total trial heart rate (HR\({}_{\text{T}}\)) between baseline and mental stress condition \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Parameter** & **Condition** & **Mean** & **Std. Deviation** & **Test Statistics (Z)** &
\begin{tabular}{c} **Significance** \\ **(\(p\)-Value)** \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline \(\text{EDR}_{\text{T}}\) (Stressor & Baseline & 0.248 & 0.218 & - & - \\ Task + Eye & vs. Mental Stress & 0.342 & 0.355 & \(-\)1.445 & 0.149 \\ Tracking) & vs. Auditory Stress & 0.598 & 0.729 & \(-\)2.932 & 0.003 * \\ \hline \(\text{EDR}_{\text{S}}\) (Stressor & Baseline & 0.110 & 0.126 & - & - \\ Task) & vs. Mental Stress & 0.375 & 0.412 & \(-\)3.767 & 0.000 * \\  & vs. Auditory Stress & 0.410 & 0.491 & \(-\)3.464 & 0.001 * \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} Note: Z-Test statistics from Wilcoxon signed ranks test, * \(p\)-value \(<\) 0.05.  
\end{table} 
Table 2: Individual’s segmented EDR measurement across different stressor conditions. Figure 10: Box plot (EDR vs. stressor condition): 1—baseline (no stress), 2—mental stress, and 3—auditory stress. (T-value = \(-\)3.991; \(p\)-value = 0.000 \(<\) 0.05) and for stressor task heart rate (HR\({}_{\rm S}\)) between baseline and mental stress trial (T-value = \(-\)5.727; \(p\)-value = 0.000 \(<\) 0.05). Therefore, results indicate a significant effect of workplace stressors in participant physiological responses (EDR and HR), with mental and auditory stress manifesting stressor load on participants' stress levels, with mental stress showing a considerably higher effect on individuals. Like physiological responses, statistical analysis was conducted to evaluate whether there is any statistically significant difference in participants' visual attention (fixation duration) and adaptation level (time to first fixation) for four near-miss AOIs across different stress conditions. Table 4 and Figure 12 indicate that visual attention that is quantified through fixation duration decreased from baseline to mental stress condition (FD\({}_{\rm Baseline}\) = 2.586, FD\({}_{\rm Mental\;Stress}\) = 1.904) and from baseline to auditory stress condition (FD\({}_{\rm Baseline}\) = 2.586, FD\({}_{\rm Auditory\;Stress}\) = 1.387). Results from statistical analysis indicate statistically significant differences appear in the fixation duration between baseline and mental stress conditions (T-statistics = \(-\)4.061; \(p\)-value = 0.000 \(<\) 0.05) and between baseline and auditory stress conditions (T-statistics = \(-\)7.527; \(p\)-value = 0.000 \(<\) 0.05). Figure 11: Box plot (HR vs. stressor condition): 1—baseline (no stress), 2—mental stress, and 3—auditory stress.