## 4 Results
### Calculation of C-PCL System Performance
In order to evaluate the C-PCL system performance, three main cases were assumed:  
* Case 1: Illumination of the PCL reference antenna, \(\text{G}_{\text{PCL-R}}=\text{G}_{\text{PCL-T}}=8\text{dB}\);
* Case 2: Illumination of the PCL main antenna--array of dipoles, reasonably best case, \(\text{G}_{\text{PCL-R}}=2.14\text{ dB}\), \(\text{G}_{\text{PCL-T}}=5\text{dB}\);
* Case 3: Illumination of the PCL main antenna--array of dipoles, worst case, \(\text{G}_{\text{PCL-R}}=2.14\text{ dB}\), \(\text{G}_{\text{PCL-T}}=2.14\text{dB}\); For all cases above it was assumed:
* The IMD receiver bandwidth B equal to 100 kHz;
* For simplicity, the absence of other background signals (e.g., DVB-T channels) and a minimal required signal-to-noise offset of 10 dB defined for the C-PCL receiver;
* The C-PCL transmitting and receiving antenna gains equal to 20 dB;
* Frequency for the calculation of free-space losses for down-link and up-link is equal to 750 MHz (value equivalent for \(\text{f}_{1}\), \(\text{f}_{2}\) and \(\text{f}_{\text{IMD}}\), one common value in order to have equal-power two-tone excitation of the LNA);
* The maximal analyzed detection range is set to 1 km, but this should not be considered as a limit. The value is chosen for the purposes of convenient comparison between cases and nonlinear devices. An example of the calculation performed for several conditions and scenarios is shown in Tables 5-7. The C-PCL system performance was presented in the form of characteristics: detection range versus transmitted power, in \[\rm P_{N}[dBm]=-174+10\log_{10}(1000\cdot B[kHz]), \tag{2}\]0 \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**L (m)** & \begin{tabular}{c} **P\({}_{\text{T}}\) (W) for Avantek** \\ **SC82-2342M** \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} **P\({}_{\text{T}}\) (W) for Crystek** \\ **CRBAMP-100-6000** \\ \end{tabular} & \
\begin{tabular}{c} **P\({}_{\text{T}}\) (W) for** \\ **Mini-Circuits ERA-3** \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} **P\({}_{\text{T}}\) (W) for R820T** \\ **DVB-T Receiver** \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline
200 & 4.27 & 9.33 & 4.38 & 3.66 \\
400 & 25.1 & 52.8 & 24.9 & 22.9 \\
600 & 73.1 & 146 & 68.2 & 69.5 \\
800 & 158 & 317 & 142 & 147 \\
1000 & 297 & 580 & 252 & 277 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 6: Calculation results of C-PCL system performance: case 2 and different devices as LNA of PCL. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**L (m)** & \begin{tabular}{c} **P\({}_{\text{T}}\) (W) for Avantek** \\ **SC82-2342M** \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} **P\({}_{\text{T}}\) (W) for Crystek** \\ **CRBAMP-100-6000** \\ \end{tabular} & \
\begin{tabular}{c} **P\({}_{\text{T}}\) (W) for** \\ **Mini-Circuits ERA-3** \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} **P\({}_{\text{T}}\) (W) for R820T** \\ **DVB-T Receiver** \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline
200 & 8.25 & 18.0 & 8.46 & 7.06 \\
400 & 48.5 & 102 & 48.1 & 44.2 \\
600 & 141 & 282 & 132 & 134 \\
800 & 306 & 613 & 274 & 284 \\
1000 & 573 & 1120 & 486 & 535 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 7: Calculation results of C-PCL system performance: case 3 and different devices as LNA of PCL. Figure 10: Calculation results of C-PCL system performance: detection range versus transmitted power; (**a**) Avantek SC82-2342M amplifier, (**b**) Crystek CRBAMP-100-6000 amplifier, (**c**) Mini-Circuits ERA-3 amplifier and (**d**) R820T DVB-T USB dongle. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**L (m)** & \begin{tabular}{c} **P\({}_{\text{T}}\) (W) for Avantek** \\ **SC82-2342M** \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} **P\({}_{\text{T}}\) (W) for Crystek** \\ **CRBAMP-100-6000** \\ \end{tabular} & \
\begin{tabular}{c} **P\({}_{\text{T}}\) (W) for** \\ **Mini-Circuits ERA-3** \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} **P\({}_{\text{T}}\) (W) for** \\ **DVB-T Receiver** \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline
200 & 1.42 & 3.29 & 1.72 & 1.16 \\
400 & 8.42 & 19.4 & 9.11 & 7.60 \\
600 & 25.1 & 51.8 & 23.9 & 21.9 \\
800 & 52.2 & 103 & 48.1 & 47.6 \\
1000 & 93.9 & 185 & 83.2 & 87.8 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}