## 3 Results  
The characteristics of the sample are presented in Table 1. Significant differences between sexes were observed for weight (\(p<0.001\)) and height (\(p<0.001\)), as expected, as well as for the number of medications (\(p=0.047\)), with males consuming more medications than females. Table 2 presents the characteristics related to fall risk. Among the 280 participants, 26.4% (n = 74) reported experiencing at least one fall in the past 12 months, with a higher proportion observed among females (28.9%) compared to males (18.8%). The analysis of Table 3 reveals significant differences in HGS between males and females (\(p<0.001\)), with males demonstrating stronger grip strength. No significant differences were found between sexes for balance confidence (\(p=0.27\)) or fall efficacy (\(p=0.65\)). The correlations presented in Table 4 show significant relationships between the variables. Specifically, falls are positively correlated with fall efficacy and negatively correlated with balance confidence and HGS. Notably, fall efficacy is strongly negativelycorrelated with balance confidence and grip strength, while balance confidence is positively correlated with HGS. All significant correlations are at the 0.01 level. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Variables**} & **Total** & **Male** & **Female** \\  & **(n = 280)** & **(n = 69)** & **(n = 211)** & \(p\)-Value** \\ \hline  & **_M_ (_SD_)** & **_M_ (_SD_)** & **_M_ (_SD_)** & \\ Age (years) & 71.88 \(\pm\) 5.35 & 73.07 \(\pm\) 6.10 & 71.49 \(\pm\) 5.04 & 0.055 \\ Weight (kg) & 68.56 \(\pm\) 11.32 & 75.19 \(\pm\) 10.84 & 66.40 \(\pm\) 10.64 & \textless{}0.001 * \\ Height (m) & 1.58 \(\pm\) 7.54 & 1.67 \(\pm\) 6.65 & 1.55 \(\pm\) 5.69 & \textless{}0.001 * \\ BMI (kg/m\({}^{2}\)) & 27.29 \(\pm\) 4.02 & 27.21 \(\pm\) 3.93 & 27.32 \(\pm\) 4.06 & 0.084 \\ N\({}^{\circ}\) Medications & 3.38 \(\pm\) 2.66 & 3.93 \(\pm\) 2.99 & 3.20 \(\pm\) 2.53 & 0.047 * \\ N\({}^{\circ}\) Comorbidities & 2.45 \(\pm\) 1.90 & 2.81 \(\pm\) 2.56 & 2.33 \(\pm\) 1.62 & 0.147 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Sample characteristics. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Variables**} & **Total** & **Male** & **Female** \\  & **(N = 280)** & **(N = 69)** & **(N = 211)** \\ \hline  & **_M_ (_SD_)** & **_M_ (_SD_)** & **_M_ (_SD_)** & **_M_ (_SD_)** & **_M_ (_SD_)** \\
**N\({}^{\circ}\) Falls in the last 12 months** & 0.52 \(\pm\) 1.25 0–10 & 0.26 \(\pm\) 0.61 0–3 & 0.61 \(\pm\) 1.38 0–10 \\ Falls in the last 12 months F (\%) & 74 (26.4\%) & 13 (18.8\%) & 61 (28.9\%) \\ Yes & 206 (73.6\%) & 56 (81.2\%) & 150 (71.1\%) \\ No & 259 (92.5\%) & 63 (91.3\%) & 196 (92.9\%) \\ Have balance/gait problems F (\%) & 116 (41.4\%) & 21 (30.4\%) & 95 (45\%) \\ Yes & 164 (58.6\%) & 48 (69.6\%) & 116 (55\%) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Characteristics of the fall risk. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Variables**} & **Total** & **Male** & **Female** \\  & **(n = 280)** & **(n = 69)** & **(n = 211)** & **_p_**-Value** \\ \hline  & **_M_ (_SD_)** & **_M_ (_SD_)** & **_M_ (_SD_)** & **_M_ (_SD_)** & **_M_ (_SD_)** \\ Age (years) & 71.88 \(\pm\) 5.35 & 73.07 \(\pm\) 6.10 & 71.49 \(\pm\) 5.04 & 0.055 \\ Weight (kg) & 68.56 \(\pm\) 11.32 & 75.19 \(\pm\) 10.84 & 66.40 \(\pm\) 10.64 & \textless{}0.001 * \\ Height (m) & 1.58 \(\pm\) 7.54 & 1.67 \(\pm\) 6.65 & 1.55 \(\pm\) 5.69 & \textless{}0.001 * \\ BMI (kg/m\({}^{2}\)) & 27.29 \(\pm\) 4.02 & 27.21 \(\pm\) 3.93 & 27.32 \(\pm\) 4.06 & 0.084 \\ N\({}^{\circ}\) Medications & 3.38 \(\pm\) 2.66 & 3.93 \(\pm\) 2.99 & 3.20 \(\pm\) 2.53 & 0.047 * \\ N\({}^{\circ}\) Comorbidities & 2.45 \(\pm\) 1.90 & 2.81 \(\pm\) 2.56 & 2.33 \(\pm\) 1.62 & 0.147 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Sample characteristics.