## 7 Conclusions  
In answering the research questions introduced by this study, the results confirm that DA has a significant influence on BDAC, which, in turn, has a significant role in enhancing the relationship with IC. On the other hand, BDAC does not have a significant role in enhancing a firm's SCA. In addition, the results indicate that IC is a significant mediator in the BDAC and SCA relationship. Thus, managers can enhance a firm's SCA by investing in innovation; this might put the firm at the top in rivalries. In addition, they also should be aware of the prerequisites of and issues with BDA implementation. A firm can make decisions based on the findings of each hypothesis. For example, in H1, since DA has a significant and positive effect on BDAC, firms must digitize all firm levels, i.e., enterprise, operational and manufacturing, to enhance data availability for BDA. At the manufacturing level, firms can digitalize their manufacturing systems by connecting smart entities such as machines, products, tools and devices to the IoT system, which in turn provides a stream of data to BDA. Moreover, firms will lose the benefits of horizontal and vertical connectivity if they do not employ a proper backup system for their generated BD. H2 confirms that BDAC have a significant and positive role in enhancing firms' IC since continuous examination of the generated BD allows firms to enhance the main pillars of the innovation process, which are product, processes, market and organization innovation. Thus, BDAC maintains the firms' awareness of new technologies to which they must adapt in order to enhance their processes and products and thus be able to distinguish themselves among other competitors in the market. It is concluded that BDAC will enhance innovation management capabilities in manufacturing companies. In H3, it is found that BDAC as a dynamic capability has positive effect on firms' SCA. Our results have not shown a significant effect of BDAC on firms' SCA. This result is justifiable; BDAC do not ensure that firms will implement the analyzed data and the available reports in the three aspects of sustainability. As a dynamic capability, IC in H4 has a positive and significant effect on firms' SCA. This encourages the decision-makers to invest in technologies where the innovation capabilities are enhanced. This will reinforce the competitive edge of the firm. Clearly, using BDA as an advanced analytical tool would be supportive of firms' managerial decision-making, as posited by [85]. The adoption of BDAC in a firm offers several opportunities for improving the IC of firms in the manufacturing industry. This study proposes a beneficial framework that handles many topics such as DA, BDAC, IC and their roles in reinforcing the SCA of manufacturing firms. However, there is still room for further improvement; for example, the approach of this study limits the generalization of findings to the service sector. Therefore, a possible future work could be a sector-based study approach (i.e., either industrial or service sectors), where more specific variables can be added to the research questions to address specific variables in each sector and thus more accurate results could be obtained and sector differentiation could be precisely analyzed. Conceptualization, M.R. and H.S. ; methodology, H.S., LQ., and H.A. ; software, H.S., H.A., and L.Q. ; validation, M.R., H.S., L.Q., and H.A. ; formal analysis, H.S., L.Q., and H.A. ; investigation, H.S. ; resources, H.S., LQ., and H.A. ; data curation, H.S., L.Q., and H.A; writing--original draft preparation, H.S., L.Q., and H.A. ; writing--review and editing, M.R. and B.S. ; visualization, M.R. ; supervision, M.R. ; project administration, M.R. and B.S. ; funding acquisition, B.S. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. * _[PERSON] et al. (2012)_ [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] A Timing Control Model for H-R Synchronization. _IFAC Proc. Vol._**2012**, _45_, 698-703. [CrossRef]
* [PERSON] et al.