## 5 Time-Series Analysis of Application Results of ICT-Based Education Program
### Analysis of Satisfaction Regarding the Yearly Averages of Education Participants  
First of all, to perform the time-series analysis of the survey results for elementary/secondary students, 2017 was specified as the base year for the survey scores, and survey scores from 2017 to 2020 were equated to the 2021 survey scores. As a result, differences in the scores for the remaining years were not significant against the 2021 reference scores and, when rounded up, these equated scores were equal to the 2021 reference scores. In conclusion, scores for overall satisfaction, interest level and commitment to further education which are common across the five-year-long survey results were extracted. In these processes, the means extracted by equating survey scores from 2017 to 2021 were calculated and compared. As the test of variance homogeneity featured a \(p\) value lower than 0.05, indicating heteroskedasticity of variances, the [PERSON]'s test was performed. Furthermore, as the samples showed heteroskedasticity of variances and featured different sizes, the Games-Howell post-hoc test was performed to control error rates. Given the means across the five years as tested, satisfaction level with the education programs in 2017 was the highest, which was followed by 2020, 2018, 2021, and 2019. In addition, significant differences were found in the means of satisfaction of elementary/secondary students across the years (\(p<0.001\)). Meanwhile, in the post-hoc test to identify the variation of mean values across the years, the mean of satisfaction level in 2017 was higher than for other years with statistical significance, and the results in 2018 were significantly higher than those of 2019 and 2020. Furthermore, the participants in 2020 showed a significantly higher level than those in 2019 and 2021, whereas the participants in 2021 showed a higher satisfaction level than those in 2019, with significant differences. However, the difference between the means of satisfaction in 2018 and 2021 was insignificant. Table 7 shows the comparison of yearly means of the equated survey scores for elementary/secondary students for the five years. Figure 4 visualizes the satisfaction scores of elementary/secondary scores across the five years in a box-and-whisker plot, with a trend line added. The trend line confirms that the mean of satisfaction level in 2019 fell remarkably. In addition, the data distribution is found to be wide. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline  & **No. of Cases** & **Elements** & **Mean** & **Standard Deviation** \\ \hline  & & Educational contents & 4.79 & 0.42 \\
2017 & 195 & Education operation & 4.59 & 0.51 \\  & & Detailed contents & 4.74 & 0.39 \\  & & Educational contents & 4.20 & 0.57 \\
2018 & 1018 & Education operation & 4.37 & 0.44 \\  & & Detailed contents & 4.25 & 0.84 \\  & & Educational contents & 4.62 & 0.85 \\
2019 & 998 & Education operation & 4.85 & 0.36 \\  & & Detailed contents & 4.42 & 0.97 \\  & & Educational contents & 4.24 & 0.69 \\
2020 & 235 & Education operation & 4.21 & 0.77 \\  & & Detailed contents & 4.00 & 0.78 \\  & & Educational contents & 4.11 & 0.67 \\
2021 & 1079 & Education operation & 4.28 & 0.65 \\  & & Detailed contents & 4.18 & 0.66 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 6: Survey results of general public satisfaction based on sub-elements by year. As faculty members, school administrators, and the general public, except for elementary/secondary students, were surveyed on the same set of elements for five years, their time-series analysis was performed on un-equated data. The mean of satisfaction level of faculty members was the highest in 2017, as is the case with the mean of satisfaction level of elementary/secondary students (Mean = 4.82). After 2017, the means in 2018 and 2020 were the same at 4.72, which was followed by 2021 and 2018. As the lowest mean value was 4.61, faculty members who participated in the programs showed a high satisfaction level in general.