## 3 Results
### Study Characteristics
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\begin{tabular}{c} Class V (3 \(\times\) 3 \(\times\) 3 \(\times\) \\ 1.5 mm depth) the \\ oil-star \\ oil  
teeth varied, with 5 studies on extracted primary teeth [39; 40; 41; 42; 43] and 10 studies on extracted permanent teeth [27; 44; 45; 46; 47; 48; 49; 50; 51; 52]. Sound teeth were selected in most studies except one study on primary teeth [41] and one on permanent teeth [46], where caries teeth were selected. Conventional GIC restorative materials used were Fuji II [40; 47; 48; 52], Fuji IX [39; 41; 43; 45; 46; 48], Equia Fil [27; 44], Riva Self Cure [44], Ketac Fil [52], Ketac Fil Plus [49; 50], Ketac Molar Easymix [42], and Ionofil Molar [49]. RMGICs used were Fuji II LC [27; 40; 41; 43; 45; 47; 48; 51; 52], Fuji VIII [48], Vitremer [50; 51], and Photac Fil [49; 52]. Other materials used were GICs reinforced with nano-zirconia fillers (Zirconomer Improved) [44], nano-filled carbonized glass (glass carbomer: Glass Fill) [44], bioactive ionic resin (Activa Bioactive Restorative) (27), highly reactive glass (hybrid GIC: Equia Forte) (41), and nano-filled RMGIC (Ketac N100) [42; 43; 45; 46; 47]. Other materials evaluated in the selected studies were Vitremer finishing gloss, Fuji Coat LC, G-Gout Plus, Ketac Primer, Icon, and Fuji Varnish II. The manufacturers and compositions of the mentioned materials are shown in Tables 3-5. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l l l} \hline
**CGIC** & **Manufacturer** & **Composition** & **Studies** \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Fuj II} & \multirow{3}{*}{GC Corporation} & Powder: calcium fluoroalumino & [PERSON] et al., 2014 [45]; \\  & & silicate (FAS) glass. & \\  & & Liquid: polyacrylic acid, itaconic acid, maleic & [PERSON] et al., 2018 [41]; \\  & & acid, tartaric acid, and water. & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Fuj II X GP} & \multirow{3}{*}{GC Corporation} & Powder: fluoroaluminosilicate glass and & [PERSON] et al., 2008 [48]; \\  & & polyacrylic acid. & \\  & & Liquid: polyacrylic acid & \\  & & and polybasic carboxylic acid. & \\  & & & Alwan and Al-Waheb 2021 [39] \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{EQUIA Fil} & \multirow{3}{*}{GC Corporation} & Powder: 95\% strontium fluoroalumino silicate (FAS) glass and 5\% polyacrylic acid. & [PERSON] et al., 2019 [27]; \\  & & Liquid: 40\% aqueous polyacrylic acid liquid. & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Riva Self Cure} & \multirow{3}{*}{SDI Ltd.} & Powder: strontium fluoroaluminosilicate glass, \\  & & polyacrylic acid copolymer powders, \\  & & and pigment. \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Ketac Fil} & \multirow{3}{*}{3M ESPE} & Power: calcium aluminum lanthan fluorosilicate & Hallett and Garcia-Godoy 1993 [52]; \\  & & glass and strontium. & [PERSON] et al., 2005 [51]; \\ \cline{1-1}  & & Liquid: water, acrylic and maleic acid copolymer, \\ \cline{1-1}  & & tartaric acid, and benzoic acid. & [PERSON] et al., 2010 [49] \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Ketac Molar Easymix} & \multirow{3}{*}{3M ESPE} & Ketac Conditioner: polyacrylic acid (25\%). \\ \cline{1-1}  & & Powder: calcium \\ \cline{1-1}  & & aluminum–lanthanumfluorosilicate glass, acrylic acid, maleic acid copolymer, and pigments. \\ \cline{1-1}  & & Liquid: water, acrylic acid, maleic acid \\ \cline{1-1}  & & copolymer, and tartaric acid. \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Ionofil Molar AC} & \multirow{3}{*}{VOCO} & Fluoroaluminosilicate glass, polyacrylic acid, \\ \cline{1-1}  & & and tartaric acid. \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Commercially available conventional GICs evaluated in the included studies.