## 4 Results and Discussion  
Energy efficiency is becoming increasingly important in home and corporate environments, especially as we realise the considerable energy- and cost-saving potential that comes with it [34]. Reducing energy waste is, therefore, more and more important. However, the smart home industry is not only driven by energy efficiency and indoor quality issues. It also offers the opportunity for a high-tech experience, for a different type of interaction with our living and working spaces, whereby an individual may have access to a lot of information related to his home/building performance as well as remotely controlling its devices. Hence occupant behaviour in buildings is a multidisciplinary research topic crossing social and behaviour science, building science, sensing and control technologies, computing science and data science [27]. Despite the many challenges, real opportunities exist where real-time data from sensors and ICT (Information and Communication Technology), data analytics and modelling provide valuable actionable information to guide occupants, building designers and operators in reducing energy consumption in buildings [17; 27; 35].  
The BME's advantage lies in the unified view of devices and behaviour. By modelling the so-called behavioural real-time events and respective alerts, the technology reaches well beyond the device realm and allows insight also on behavioural patterns. Just as in the case of devices where device parameters are monitored (ambient conditions, energy consumption, etc.), similarly behavioural events (e.g., having high setpoints, leaving windows open, etc.) can also be monitored. Therefore, one of the fundamental aspects of the BME is its ability to provide real-time and space-specific alerts for a multitude of waste events. The BME can easily locate the origin of the waste to a specific space/device/user behaviour and generate user alerts. This functionality is essential to eliminate energy waste events in the daily routine of the users. In addition, as a typical smart home/building technology, it allows running control actions based both on device as well as behaviour information. Again, behaviour and devices are interchangeable in the BME so any control that can be based on device parameters can also be based on behavioural events. For example, a user could require that if a setpoint deviation event reaches a specific value then the setpoint should be automatically reduced. Though the issue has not entered implementation, its implications are of significant interest and will be further investigated.  
The deployment of the BME in Challenger revealed several energy waste streams created by behavioural practices. A first evaluation of the savings possible by means of the off-hours and set-point events in the various study spaces, was estimated to be between 2% in the former and 4-7% in the latter's case. However, it has to be remembered that behavioural change is not a fast process; the time between communicating and alerting the waste occurring, which is our aim here, and the users responding and adapting their everyday practices may be significant. It is only in such a perspective that one should consider the deployment of the technology and its expected benefits.