# Integrated People and Freight Transportation:
## 5 Applications  
In this section, practical applications for people and freight transport are examined through examples from different countries and cities. Although there are theoretical and case studies in operational, tactical, and strategic studies within the scope covered in Section 4, this section details studies supported by municipalities, cities, or countries. The aim is to reveal how this integrated transport type is managed, planned, and developed globally. The global application examples in this section support the theoretical framework of our study. Thus, a valuable reference is provided for future projects that can be developed in people and freight transport. Looking at the applications, several cities and countries can be cited as examples, including Paris (France) [121; 122], Amsterdam [123] and Groningen [124] (The Netherlands), Sweden [125], Dresden [126; 127] and Frankfurt [128; 129] (Germany), London (England) [124], Zurich (Switzerland) [21], Iasi (Romania) [130], Tokyo [131] and Hokkaido [132] (Japan), Mumbai (India) [133], and New York (USA) [134], Changzhou [135] and Binzhou [136] (China). In addition, European Commission Expert Groups [137] also shared various current applications. Despite these examples, the scarcity of studies in this field remains notable. A detailed review of the studies that were conducted is presented. In Paris [121], the project aims to transport products (such as textile products, beauty products, and beverages) stored in certain areas via the rail line connecting to the region and integrating them with the river line. This project aims to reduce noise while supporting sustainable development. Another study involving Paris originated from a real-world problem of line planning and scheduling of trains of existing metro networks, proposed by Metrolab(r), a French R&D company. A pilot experience is presented to automate the tactical and operational level decision-making process of a small section of the Paris metro network. Two lines and nine stations are considered. The results of extensive computational experiments demonstrate its applicability and effectiveness for addressing real-world metro networks [122]. Amsterdam [123] implemented a system where people and goods coexisted within the same track network but were conveyed via distinct freight tram services. When the cargo trams arrived, the goods were unloaded into small electrically powered vehicles for final delivery. This application was projected to potentially halve the total count of commercial vehicles, mitigate noise, and alleviate air pollution. Still, it was closed because it could not provide sufficient investment financing, and stakeholders had conflicting goals. The integrated system in Groningen [124] consists of pilot activities involving integrated urban services and small packages (medicine, magazines, books) for passengers. In Sweden [125], an environmentally friendly and punctual system is implemented where buses transport passengers and packages in the same vehicle. This application enables package delivery to many points of the country every day, from early morning to late evening. The CarGoTram project in Dresden [126; 127] is a partnership between automobile company Volkswagen and the city's transport operator DVB to transport product parts from the freight depot to the factory along the city's tram passenger route. In Frankfurt [128; 129], the project aims to reduce traffic and emissions by integrating logistics processes with the railway infrastructure and performing cost analysis using fewer delivery vehicles. The test results show that it is technically possible to integrate the tram into delivery. Analysis of the tram network in Frankfurt shows that the existing public transport infrastructure is suitable for transporting goods in many places. London [124] has combined freight-passenger services, which are being developed due to the attractive service quality of passenger-freight vehicles measured in terms of passengers' travel times.