## 2 Literature Review
### BIM-Enabled Asset Information Delivery Process  
A main area of interest in the literature on the BIM for FM is to improve the quality of asset information delivered at handover to inform CMMSs. This interest in the improvement of information quality is justified by the potential value that such information can bring to building owners. According to [6; 41], there could be a reduction of 8.7% in work order processing time by following a BIM- and Construction Operations Building Infor \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c} \hline \hline
**Authors** & **Purpose of BIM Implementation for FM** \\ \hline
[27] & Perform routine maintenance of the Mechanical, Electrical and Plumbing (MEP) system and its subsystems by sorting \\  & out the priority of maintenance tasks \\
[28] & Use GIS and BIM to obtain facility O&M information \\
[29] & Develop a decision support tool for preventive/corrective maintenance \\
[30] & Employ 2D barcodes to identify and locate specific equipment and utilize a wireless sensor network to monitor \\
[31] & Evaluate pipeline maintenance accessibility with visualization and provide a suitable traffic flow for engineers \\
[32] & Use augmented reality to display natural markers for indoor navigation and facility maintenance (such as exit signs and \\  & position marks of fire extinguishers) \\
[33] & Failure root cause detection \\  & Increase the efficiency of the HVAC-related troubleshooting process by identifying applicable causes and retrieving \\
[34] & information for HVAC-related problems \\
[35] & Use a fault detection and diagnostics algorithm to automate the process of detecting malfunctioning HVAC equipment \\  & Integrate corrective maintenance data in BIM and link alarm reports of equipment failures and the related maintenance \\  & information from the Computerized Maintenance Management Information System (CMMS) \\
[37] & Emergency management \\
[38] & Run routine O&M tasks and effectively respond to MEP-related emergencies \\
[39] & Generate and schedule facility maintenance work orders \\
[40] & Develope a data management system based on location-based data analysis in the FM field \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Example studies with specific purposes of BIM implementation for FM. mation Exchange (COBie)-based approach. Based on the multi-million-dollar operations costs of large facilities, such as hospitals, airports, and universities, this could represent significant savings attributed to quicker access to accurate and complete digital information and documents [41]. BIM, in this case, is not necessarily used during operations, but as part of a process to develop and deliver structured asset information to the owners at handover. However, this asset information delivery process, which involves different activities performed by different stakeholders at different phases of a project, has not yet been solidified in the industry or in the literature. To that point, [42] suggests that a lack of clarity in processes, risk allocation, and understanding between parties could indeed undo the benefits and instead increase the risk of disputes. Traditionally, once construction is completed, the general contractor would deliver all the asset information in binders and boxes to the owner. This information would be stored and rarely be maintained at any usable level [6]. However, if the information is not stored in a way that is useful, the cost to find the information that one is looking for can become so expensive that it renders the information worthless, meaning it would be easier and cheaper to replace the information than to sort through the original documents [43]. Most large owners have some form of Computerized Maintenance Management System (CMMS) such as Maximo, AiM, and Archibus in place to manage their facility maintenance, operation, and assets. However, most or all information is still manually entered [44; 45]. This conventional process of collecting asset information, represented in Figure 1, is seen as inadequate, ineffective, and expensive for owners [45].