## 3 Results
### Limit and Optimal Parameters for Production  
The compilation of minimum, maximum, and optimal temperatures to grow the selected species with potential for offshore and coastal aquaculture in Portugal are presented in Tables 3-5. Nutrient levels (ammonia and nitrite) that can compromise the survival and growth performance of fish and bivalves are also presented in Tables 3 and 4. The most important and common parameter for all groups of species is temperature, although, for bivalves, it is also fundamental to assess the food availability in the terms of phytoplankton, for which chlorophyll \(a\) was used as a phytoplankton biomass indicator (Table 4). For macroalgae, the nutrient availability in the form of nitrogen and phosphate was described in Table 5. The pH, dissolved oxygen, and salinity values observed in Table 2 are within the requirements of the species studied and were not considered limiting factors. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l l l l l} \hline \hline
**Bivalves** & \multicolumn{2}{l}{**Temperature (\({}^{\circ}\)C)**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Ammonia (NH3)**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Nitrite (NO2)**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Phyoplankton (Chlorophyll a or Concentration)**} \\ \cline{2-5} \cline{7-6}  & **Minimum** & **Maximum** & **Ideal** & & \\ \hline \multirow{5}{*}{\begin{tabular}{l} Blue mussel \\ (_Mytilus edulis_) \\ \end{tabular} } & \multirow{5}{*}{5.0 \({}^{\circ}\)C [91]} & \multirow{5}{*}{28.2 \({}^{\circ}\)C [91]} & \multirow{5}{*}{22.9 \({}^{\circ}\)C [98]} & \multicolumn{1}{l}{\begin{tabular}{l} Lc 50 \({}^{\star}\) \\ \(-\)1.47 \(\mu\)mol L\({}^{-1}\) \\ (_Mytilus_) \\ \end{tabular} } & \multirow{5}{*}{-} & \multirow{5}{*}{-} & \multirow{5}{*}{-} \\  & & & (_Mytilus_) & & & \\ (_Mytilus_) & & & & & \\ (_Mytilus_) & & & & & \\ (_Mytilus_) & & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{5}{*}{\begin{tabular}{l} [PERSON] \\ (_Pecten maximus_) \\ \end{tabular} } & \multirow{5}{*}{5.0 \({}^{\circ}\)C [98]} & \multirow{5}{*}{22.9 \({}^{\circ}\)C [98]} & \multirow{5}{*}{16.0-17.0 \({}^{\circ}\)C [100]} & \multirow{5}{*}{-} & \multirow{5}{*}{-} & \multirow{5}{*}{-} \\  & & & 10.0-14.0 \({}^{\circ}\)C [100]} & & & \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{6-6}  & & & & & \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{6-6}  & & & & 18.0-20.0 \({}^{\circ}\)C [93] & & & \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{6-6}  & & & & (_Magallana_) [104] & & & \\ \hline \multirow{5}{*}{\
\begin{tabular}{l} Sallop \\ (_Pecten maximus_) \\ \end{tabular} } & \multirow{5}{*}{10.0 \({}^{\circ}\)C [106]} & \multirow{5}{*}{28.0 \({}^{\circ}\)C [103]} & \multirow{5}{*}{22.0 \({}^{\circ}\)C [103]} & \multirow{5}{*}{
\begin{tabular}{l} Lc 50 \({}^{\star}\) \\ \(-\)146.8 \(\mu\)mol L\({}^{-1}\) \\ (160 \(\mu\) 96 h; 34 PSU; 18 \({}^{\circ}\)C; pH 8.1) [79] \\ \end{tabular} } & \multirow{5}{*}{-} & \multirow{5}{*}{-} \\  & & & (_Nother_) region of the Iberian & & & \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{6-6}  & & & & & 70.000 cells mL\({}^{-1}\) \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{6-6}  & & & & & \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{6-6}  & & & 22.0 \({}^{\circ}\)C [107] & & Slow growth: & (_Josclynis galluna_, \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{6-6}  & & & 22.0 \({}^{\circ}\)C [98] & & 99.8 \(\mu\)mol L\({}^{-1}\) [108] & \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{6-6}  & & & & (_Southern region of the Iberian_ & & \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{6-6}  & & & & (_I:12)_) [109] \\ \hline \multicolumn{5}{c}{- Data not found. \({}^{\star}\) Lc 50—Iehal concentration required to cause mortality in 50\% of the individuals in a test.} \\ \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: Minimum, maximum, and optimal temperature (\({}^{\circ}\)C) and limits of ammonia (\(\mu\)mol L\({}^{-1}\)) and nitrite (\(\mu\)mol L\({}^{-1}\)) tolerated by the bivalves to be produced in aquaculture and data of chlorophyll a (\(\mu\)g L\({}^{-1}\)) or amount of microalgae needed for growth. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l l l l l} \hline \hline
**Fish** & \multicolumn{2}{l}{**Temperature (\({}^{\circ}\)C)**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Ammonia (NH3)**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Nitrite (NO2)**} \\ \cline{2-5} \cline{7-6}  & **Minimum** & **Maximum** & **Ideal** & & \\ \hline \multirow{5}{*}{