## 5 Conclusions
Additionally, integrating scenario-based modeling approaches, such as climate change projections or energy transition pathways, could help policymakers design robust strategies for achieving sustainability goals. While expanding access to electricity is a critical driver of economic development and social well-being, there is a valid concern that efforts to achieve universal electricity access might conflict with climate change mitigation goals. This conflict arises particularly in regions where fossil fuels remain the primary energy source due to their affordability and availability. To address this challenge, future research should explore the development of hybrid energy systems that integrate renewable energy with existing infrastructure, ensuring both sustainability and reliability in energy access. Another important avenue is to analyze the cost-benefit trade-offs of transitioning to renewable energy in rural and underserved regions, where grid expansion is expensive. Policymakers must focus on off-grid renewable solutions, such as solar micro grids and distributed energy systems, which can simultaneously achieve universal electricity access and reduce \(CO_{2}\) emissions. By identifying scalable solutions for balancing energy access with sustainability, future studies can contribute to aligning India's economic growth goals with its climate commitments. In conclusion, the findings of this investigation indicate that India's economic and energy policies must be structured to achieve a harmonious equilibrium between the necessity to safeguard the environment and the objectives of economic expansion. A comprehensive strategy is necessary to facilitate the transition to a low-carbon economy. This strategy should include the promotion of renewable energy sources, the enhancement of energy efficiency, and the encouragement of investment in green technologies. Special attention must be given to the second turning point (\(GDP_{1}=7.97\)) observed in India's EKC. At this stage, the risk of a rebound in \(CO_{2}\) emissions becomes prominent due to unsustainable consumption patterns and higher energy demand. Policymakers should prioritize initiatives that accelerate the adoption of green technologies, incentivize resource-efficient practices, and strengthen environmental governance. Implementing circular economic strategies and international collaborations for technology transfer can help mitigate the upward trend in emissions. **Author Contributions:** Conceptualization, I.N. and I.G. ; methodology, I.G., I.N. and J.K.; software, I.N. and I.G; validation, I.N., I.G. and J.K.; formal analysis, I.G. ; investigation, I.N. ; resources, I.G. ; data curation, I.N. ; writing--original draft preparation, I.N. and I.G. ; writing--review and editing, I.N., I.G. and J.K.; visualization, I.N., I.G. and J.K.; supervision, I.N. and I.G. ; project administration, I.N. and I.G. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. **Funding:** This research received no external funding. **Institutional Review Board Statement:** Not applicable. **Informed Consent Statement:** Not applicable. **Data Availability Statement:** The data presented in this study are available on request from the corresponding author. Furthermore, they can be downloaded from the official public sources indicated in Table 2.  
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