## 3 Results and Discussion
### The Total Anthocyanin Content  
The results of the extraction of anthocyanin using an ultrasonic extractor are presented in Figure 3.  
The total anthocyanin content extracted from the hemp ranged from 10.66 to 17.16 mg Cy-GE:100 g\({}^{-1}\), varying according to the experimental conditions. None of the available reports have analyzed TAC in cannabis. Based on these results, the effects of the independent variables on the dependent variables are presented in Table 4.  
It was observed that only the linear terms of the particle size, extraction time, and ultrasound intensity significantly affected (\(p<0.05\)) the extraction of anthocyanins. However, the linear term of the particle size demonstrated negative correlations. As the particle size increased from 0.25 to 1.25, there was a clear decrease in the total anthocyanin content in the obtained extracts, from 15.30 to 12.52 mg Cy-GE:100 g\({}^{-1}\) (Figure 3). This is most likely due to the area in which anthocyanins are stored in the plant material. Anthocyanins occur in plant vacuoles [28]; therefore, a greater degree of fragmentation facilitates their washing out and contributes to a higher extraction efficiency. [PERSON] et al. [29] showed that a material particle size of 0.9 mm was sufficient to achieve an optimal pectin yield. The smaller particle sizes of raw materials with larger specific surface areas have a tendency to increase the heat and mass transfer between solvents and matrices [29]. Particle size had the least influence on the total anthocyanin content in the obtained extracts, and its increase caused the anthocyanin value to drop by 22.2%. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Source**} & **Sum of** & \multirow{2}{*}{**DF**} & **Mean** & \multirow{2}{*}{**F-Value**} & \multirow{2}{*}{\(p\)**-Value**} \\  & **Squares** & & & & \\ \hline \multicolumn{6}{c}{Yield (\%)} \\ \hline Model & 90.57 & 7 & 12.94 & 31.01 & \textless{}0.0001 & significant \\ X\({}_{1}\) & 10.55 & 1 & 10.55 & 25.28 & 0.0015 & \\ X\({}_{2}\) & 6.30 & 1 & 6.30 & 15.09 & 0.0060 & \\ X\({}_{3}\) & 18.31 & 1 & 18.31 & 43.89 & 0.0003 & \\ X\({}_{2}\)X\({}_{3}\) & 5.43 & 1 & 5.43 & 13.02 & 0.0086 & \\ X\({}_{1}^{2}\) & 47.34 & 1 & 47.34 & 113.48 & \textless{}0.0001 & \\ X\({}_{2}^{2}\) & 3.37 & 1 & 3.37 & 8.08 & 0.0249 & \\ X\({}_{3}^{2}\) & 2.49 & 1 & 2.49 & 5.97 & 0.0445 & \\ \hline Residual & 2.92 & 7 & 0.4172 & & & \\ \hline Lack of Fit & 2.65 & 5 & 0.5298 & 3.91 & 0.2162 &
\begin{tabular}{c} not \\ significant \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline Pure Error & 0.2711 & 2 & 0.1355 & & & \\ \hline Total & 93.49 & 14 & & & \\ \hline \hline \multicolumn{6}{l}{R\({}^{2}\) = 0.9688; adj-R\({}^{2}\) = 0.9375; CV = 11.13; Adeq Precision = 15.004} \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: ANOVA results for extraction efficiency and the total flavonoid content. Figure 3: Response surfaces obtained with the Box–Behnken experimental design for the total anthocyanin content (mg Cy-GE\(\cdot\)100 g\({}^{-1}\)) in hemp depending on the (**a**) intensity and time, (**b**) particle size and time, and (**c**) particle size and intensity. The ultrasound intensity was the variable that most significantly influenced the extraction of anthocyanins. The total anthocyanin content increased with the growth of the ultrasound intensity. An incremental increase in the ultrasound intensity, from 1.6 to 8.6 W\(\cdot\)m\({}^{-2}\), raised the total anthocyanin content by 61%. As the extraction time rose from 5 to 15 min, the total anthocyanin content increased by 28.2%. The linear term of the extraction time has also been observed during the extraction of anthocyanins and phenolic compounds from jabuticaba skin [30], as well as phenolic compounds from grape marc [31] and grape seeds [32]. In a previous experiment on the extraction of anthocyanins from hawthorn berries, we showed a growth in TAC with a commensurate increase in time when using the pulse mode of the ultrasound [22].