## 2 Literature Review and Theoretical Analysis
However, the literature on carbon emission reduction mainly examines from the perspective of manufacturing agglomeration, especially from the perspective of industrial structure transformation and upgrading. However, there are few research results on the in-depth study of the relationship between producer service agglomeration and carbon emission reduction, and most of them are based on experience summarization and qualitative analysis. Especially for the carbon emission reduction mechanism of producer service industry agglomeration, a scientific and reasonable explanation has not yet been formed, especially the lack of an analysis of the spatial agglomeration characteristics of various producer service industries under the carbon emission reduction target and the empirical analysis and spatial effects of the resulting spatial effects test. Therefore, this paper attempts to expand and deepen the current research from the following aspects: First, under the guidance of agglomeration externality theory, new economic geography theory, endogenous growth theory, and environmental Kuznets theory, etc., this paper innovatively builds a theoretical analysis framework for the impact of producer services on carbon emissions and expands industrial agglomeration and environmental pollution. The theoretical research system has laid a theoretical foundation for subsequent related research. Second, on the basis of the previous research results, this paper forms a more scientific and reasonable analysis idea through on-the-spot investigation and research, which is used to explain the specific path of the agglomeration of producer services affecting carbon emissions and provides a way to promote low-carbon development ideas and perspectives. Third, before studying the relationship between producer service industry agglomeration and carbon emissions, this paper systematically analyzes and discusses the spatial and temporal characteristics of producer service industry agglomeration levels in China's provincial administrative units, which will help readers gain an in-depth understanding of China's producer service industry development. It also provides a factual background for analyzing the effect of producer services on carbon emissions. A systematic review of existing research shows that the agglomeration of producer services can affect carbon emissions in many ways, but the comprehensive impact path has not yet reached a consistent conclusion and judgment. Therefore, based on the analysis and investigation, this paper summarizes and analyzes the mechanism by which producer services affect carbon emissions, and clarifies the possible impact path. First, with the diversification of consumption types and the rapid growth of specialized demands, the type of industry has become more refined. The productive services sector is gradually separated from the manufacturing sector and forms the characteristics of agglomeration distribution, thus producing economies of scale effects. In the process of continuous separation, the manufacturing industry gradually transferred non-core businesses to the producer service industry, and the proportion of the producer service industry continued to increase [28]. Producer service industry has the characteristics of low resource consumption and low environmental pollution. When outsourcing business is completed, the impact of producer services on environmental pollution is less than that of manufacturing, thereby reducing the carbon emissions of traditional manufacturing. At the same time, with the continuous development of the producer service industry, the manufacturing industry can obtain the richer and more professional intermediate service products provided by the producer service industry. This not only optimizes its own factor input structure, but also reduces the cost of production, thereby promoting the extension of production and operation activities to the high end of the value chain, which can effectively improve production efficiency and reduce carbon emissions.