## 5 Conclusions  
This paper presents a field monitoring and numerical modelling study based on the 'New World' project in Hangzhou. Field monitoring work measured and analyzed the horizontal displacement of the diaphragm wall, the deep horizontal displacement of the soil behind the wall, and the surface settlement of the soil during deep foundation pit excavation in soft soil area. Based on a finite element model validated by monitoring results, the bending moment of the diaphragm wall and the influence of the first excavated pit on the pre-built diaphragm wall were analyzed. The main conclusions are as follows:  
1. The zonal excavation of foundation pit did not affect the displacement pattern of diaphragm wall, but it would limit the degree of deformation. Peripheral loading and unloading may change the displacement pattern of the diaphragm wall. Under the parabolic dislocation mode of diaphragm wall, the deep horizontal displacement pattern of the soil behind the wall was similar to that of the diaphragm wall, and the soil deformation along the length of the wall led to difference in the horizontal displacements of the wall and soil.
2. Construction and consolidation operations around the foundation pit may form a finite soil zone, which may affect the deep deformation pattern of the soil. Large-scale loading and relocation-induced unloading would result in upward displacement of the soil layer in the area surrounding the loading zone and cause bending moment in the diaphragm wall below the excavation surface.
3. The first excavated foundation pit would affect the displacement of the support structure of the unexcavated foundation pit. Non-adjacent pit excavation transferred displacement through the pre-built diaphragm wall, resulting in a small displacement effect. Adjacent pit excavations would cause the pre-built diaphragm wall to deform in a similar manner to its supporting structure, resulting in a larger displacement effect.  
This paper demonstrates the force and deformation characteristics of excavation in soft ground sub-pits, highlighting the effects of pre-built diaphragm walls subjected to pre-excavation. It can provide guidance for deformation control of soft soil zonal excavation in Hangzhou area.  
Conceptualization, G.L.; methodology, Z.L. and Y.Z.; software, G.L. and Z.L.; validation, F.S. and Y.D.; formal analysis, C.X. and T.F.; data curation, F.S.; writing--original draft preparation, G.L. and Z.L.; writing--review and editing, Y.Z.; visualization, Y.D. and T.F.; supervision, Y.Z.; funding acquisition, C.X. and T.F. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
This research was funded by the National Key R&D Program of China, grant number 2023 YFC3009400; the National Natural Science Foundation of China, grant numbers 52168048 and 52238009.  
The data presented in this study are available on request from the corresponding author.  
Authors [PERSON] and [PERSON] were employed by the company Zhejiang Province Geological & Mineral Engineering Investigation Institute Co., Ltd. Author [PERSON] was employed by the company China Railway Siyuuan Survey and Design Group Co., Ltd. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.