## 3 Results
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline  & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**SDR**} \\ \hline
**Depth (mm)** & **Bs** & **Ha** & **Va** & **De** \\ \hline
2 & 103.5 \(\pm\) 10.3 [1,\(\Delta\)c] & 101.6 \(\pm\) 5.8 [1,\(\Delta\)c] & 104.3 \(\pm\) 3.6 [1,\(\Delta\)c] & 98.7 \(\pm\) 7.6 [1,\(\Delta\)c] \\
3 & 109.9 \(\pm\) 20.8 [1,\(\Delta\)c] & 96.6 \(\pm\) 12 [1,\(\Delta\)c] & 103.3 \(\pm\) 8.1 [1,\(\Delta\)c] & 97.1 \(\pm\) 8.3 [1,\(\Delta\)c] \\
4 & 99.7 \(\pm\) 9.8 [1,\(\Delta\)b] & 95.2 \(\pm\) 10.7 [1,\(\Delta\)b] & 95.9 \(\pm\) 1 [1,2]b & 97.1 \(\pm\) 7.5 [1,\(\Delta\)b] \\
5 & 93.5 \(\pm\) 6.6 [1,\(\Delta\)b] & 90.2 \(\pm\) 12.4 [1,2,\(\Delta\)b] & 95.4 \(\pm\) 2.5 [1,2,\(\Delta\)b] & 90.8 \(\pm\) 13 [1,\(\Delta\)b] \\
6 & 62.9 \(\pm\) 17.6 [2,\(\Delta\)c] & 80.9 \(\pm\) 7.3 [2,\(\Delta\)b] & 90.1 \(\pm\) 8.2 [2,\(\Delta\)b] & 85.6 \(\pm\) 20 [1,\(\Delta\)b] \\
7 & 19.5 \(\pm\) 7.8 [3,\(\Delta\)d] & - & 57.1 \(\pm\) 7.2 [3,\(\Delta\)b] & 73.6 \(\pm\) 21.8 [1,\(\Delta\)b] \\
8 & - & - & - & - \\ \hline  & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**Filtek Bulk Fill**} \\  & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**flowable**} \\  & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**resortative**} \\ \hline
**Depth (mm)** & **Bs** & **Ha** & **Va** & **De** \\ \hline
2 & 101.7 \(\pm\) 6.3 [1,\(\Delta\)c] & 99.7 \(\pm\) 5.5 [1,\(\Delta\)c] & 107.1 \(\pm\) 16.4 [1,\(\Delta\)c] & 104.1 \(\pm\) 9.3 [1,\(\Delta\)c] \\
3 & 100.3 \(\pm\) 4.5 [1,\(\Delta\)c] & 96.0 \(\pm\) 5.5 [1,2,\(\Delta\)c] & 102.3 \(\pm\) 20.2 [1,\(\Delta\)c] & 102.7 \(\pm\) 6.9 [1,\(\Delta\)c] \\
4 & 91.5 \(\pm\) 8.1 [1,\(\Delta\)b] & 86.7 \(\pm\) 6.1 [2,\(\Delta\)c] & 99.6 \(\pm\) 16.3 [1,\(\Delta\)c],97.3 \(\pm\) 7.7 [1,\(\Delta\)c] \\
5 & 85.2 \(\pm\) 7.2 [2,\(\Delta\)b] & 71.9 \(\pm\) 6.6 [3,\(\Delta\)c] & 98.2 \(\pm\) 15.3 [1,\(\Delta\)b] & 89.0 \(\pm\) 5 [1,2,\(\Delta\)b] \\
6 & 62.2 \(\pm\) 11 [3,\(\Delta\)c] & 61.2 \(\pm\) 3.9 [3,\(\Delta\)c] & 91.1 \(\pm\) 17 [1,\(\Delta\)b] & 80.3 \(\pm\) 10.1 [2,\(\Delta\)b] \\
7 & - & - & 81.3 \(\pm\) 17.9 [1,\(\Delta\)c] & 73.4 \(\pm\) 15.6 [3,\(\Delta\)b] \\
8 & - & - & - & - \\ \hline  & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**SonicFill**} \\ \hline
**Depth (mm)** & **Bs** & **Ha** & **Va** & **De** \\ \hline
2 & 103.5 \(\pm\) 10.3 [1,\(\Delta\)c] & 101.1 \(\pm\) 9.1 [1,\(\Delta\)c] & 94.7 \(\pm\) 7.9 [1,\(\Delta\)c] & 100.3 \(\pm\) 6.2 [1,\(\Delta\)c] \\
3 & 99.2 \(\pm\) 4.7 [1,\(\Delta\)c] & 92.1 \(\pm\) 7.8 [1,2,\(\Delta\)c] & 89.7 \(\pm\) 11.3 [1,\(\Delta\)c] & 99 \(\pm\) 11.4 [1,\(\Delta\)c] \\
4 & 96.5 \(\pm\) 4 [1,\(\Delta\)c] & 92.5 \(\pm\) 19.8 [1,2,\(\Delta\)b] & 77.5 \(\pm\) 5 [1,2,\(\Delta\)c] & 87.6 \(\pm\) 3.2 [1,\(\Delta\)b] \\
5 & 93.3 \(\pm\) 6.4 [1,\(\Delta\)b] & 70.8 \(\pm\) 20.3 [2,\(\Delta\)c] & 67.5 \(\pm\) 5.9 [2,\(\Delta\)c] & 84.3 \(\pm\) 6.4 [2,\(\Delta\)b] \\
6 & 87.7 \(\pm\) 6.8 [1,\(\Delta\)b] & - & 46.6 \(\pm\) 9.7 [3,\(\Delta\)d] & 82 \(\pm\) 7.7 [2,\(\Delta\)b] \\
7 & 69.9 \(\pm\) 12 [2,\(\Delta\)b] & - & - & - \\
8 & - & - & - & - \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 5: The ratio of hardness to the “surface” (0.5 mm) at the selected depths for the bulk-fill composites polymerized by the four LCUs (BS stands for Bluephase Style, Ha for Elipar Trilight, Va for Valo, and De for Demi Ultra). Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill: No significant differences in microhardness were found at the 4 mm depth compared to baseline for any of the LCUs, except for Va, which again exhibited significantly lower values. Additionally, the De LCU demonstrated a significantly higher microhardness compared to the other LCUs. Xtra Base: Like the other materials, no statistically significant differences in microhardness were found at the 4 mm depth compared to baseline for most of the LCUs, except for Va, which showed a significantly lower microhardness. Notably, the De and Ha LCUs demonstrated significantly higher microhardness values. Venus Bulk Fill: No statistically significant differences in microhardness were found at the 4 mm depth compared to baseline for most of the LCUs. However, a statistically significant difference was found with Va showing significantly lower microhardness values.