# An Identity Model for Providing Inclusive Services and Applications
## 1 Introduction
Authors of [7] explain how nowadays the most common accessibility approaches for designing web content in general are those whose methodological basis are grounded in reactive principles, mainly based on either manual or automatic evaluation methods. As a consequence, the designed services and applications are not fully optimal with regard to web accessibility, in most cases increasing social exclusion. As authors conclude, it is absolutely necessary to move forward and propose solutions that contemplate inclusive design from the early stages of development, such as accessible templates or even software architectural models that reflect not just the visual layer of the Web, but the most suitable structure for each diversity case. In this paper we present a model for providing services based on the functional attributes that a certain person can possess. The model is based on well-known identity and access control mechanisms such us OAuth 2.0 [8] and Attribute Based Access Control (ABAC) [9]. As we will explain with detail later, the existing adaptive user interface researches mainly base their adaptation decisions on process automation and context-of-use (an assembly consisting of user, platform, and environment aspects). However, very few of them are taking in account inclusion as a fundamental premise. On the other hand, other approaches that aim to solve the problem of providing accessible interfaces, just adapt the standard ones to the necessities of the users by following a set of rules and recommendations. Nevertheless, we defend a new approach in which the interfaces adaptation is performed before serving them and based on the identity of the users. Thus, developers can design specific alternatives based on the attributes of the users, concretely on their functional attributes. The classification of these functional attributes is presented above, in Section 4. Thanks to the model we propose, services have access to the users' attributes related with their functional capabilities before serving web pages. This enables a new paradigm to develop applications in which web interfaces can be designed thinking in the different functional capabilities of the users. Then, when users access the application, a specific interface is provided depending on their capabilities. We have implemented the proposed model as an extension of an existing open source Identity Manager. Moreover, we have validated the proposal by designing and deploying a use case that exploits the advantages of the new model by providing adaptive web user interfaces for the heterogeneity of the users' profiles. The latter also means that the interfaces are able to adapt itself or to be adapted to a specific context or context change. Specifically, in the implemented use case we have designed three different interfaces, adapted to users with vision, cognitive and hearing difficulties. Depending on the attributes defined for a specific user, a different interface will be provided. The document is structured as follows. It starts with Section 2, that goes through the literature and reviews related work on web accessibility rules and evaluation methods. Section 3 presents an overview of the accessibility requirements, where functional performance statements for ICT services are going to have a key role. In Section 4 we expose our solution, an OAuth 2.0--based Identity model for providing accessible services and applications. Section 5 presents the validation of the proposed model. Finally, Section 6 concludes with some remarks and an outlook on future work.