# Mass Collaboration and Learning: Opportunities, Challenges, and Influential Factors
## 4 Analysis of Affecting Factors
### Methods and Mechanisms in Collaborative Learning
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**Categories and Their Techniques** & **Some Descriptions** \\ \hline
**Techniques for Discussions** & By these techniques, learners can share their viewpoints and respond others’ ideas. \\ \hline Think-Pair-Share/Write-Pair-Share & Learners before sharing their ideas with the entire community, first think individually and look for a partner’s opinion about them. \\ \hline Round Robin & Generated ideas move from one learner to the next. \\ \hline Buzz Groups & In a small group, learners informally discuss about the topic. \\ \hline Talking Chips & It provides equal participation in discussion for all members. \\ \hline Three-Step Interview & In a question-and-answer sessions one member is the interviewer and another is the interviewer, and at the end they give a report from what they learnt. \\ \hline Paired Annotations & In order to deliver a summary of an ongoing task, members prepare a composite annotation. \\ \hline Critical Debates & Members argue about an issue in favor or opposite of their personal views. \\ \hline
**Techniques for Recprocal Teaching** & Members grouped by four skills—namely, questioning, clarifying, summarizing, and predicting—help promoting others’ reading comprehension. \\ \hline \hline Note-Taking Pairs & Members work collectively to improve their individual notes. \\ \hline Learning Cell & Members by creating question and answer activities try to develop their learning. \\ \hline Fishbowl & Members seated inside the “fishbowl” have participatory discussion, while those sitting around observer without interpreting. \\ \hline Role Play & Members act out the role of different identities and represent in action. \\ \hline Jigsaw & For given topic, members first develop knowledge and then share it with others. \\ \hline Test-Taking Teams & Members first take an individual test, and then retake it in their community. \\ \hline
**Techniques for Problem Solving** & Members help each other to solve problems. \\ \hline Think-Aloud Pair Problem Solving & Members try to solve problems about in order to help analytical reasoning skills. \\ \hline Send-A-Problem & Problems and respected solutions are passed among groups to find final solution. \\ \hline Case Study & Members try to develop a solution for a real-world scenario. \\ \hline Structured Problem Solving & In order to solve a problem, members try to follow a structured format. \\ \hline Analytic Teams & Members evaluate a specific task with critical points of view. \\ \hline Group Investigation & Members in community make plan, conduct, and report on projects. \\ \hline
**Techniques Using Graphic Information Organizes** & In order to organize and present information, members use visual tools. \\ \hline Affinity Grouping & Generating ideas, organizing them, and identifying common themes by group. \\ \hline Group Grid & Members are asked to put given information into the blank cell of a grid. \\ \hline Team Matrix & Members distinguish between similar concepts by considering defining features. \\ \hline Sequence Chains & Series of actions will be depicted and analyzed graphically. \\ \hline Word Wbbs & The relationships of generated ideas are graphically organized by lines or arrows. \\ \hline
**Techniques Collaborative on Writing** & Members by group collaboration help to learn important course contents. \\ \hline Dialogue Journals & In a journal, members record their thoughts and share with others for comments. \\ \hline Round Table & Members try to respond questions in turn, before passing to others. \\ \hline Dyadic Essays & The developed questions and answers for an essay is compared with model answer. \\ \hline Peer Editing & For a piece of writing, a critical review and editorial feedback will be provided. \\ \hline Collaborative Writing & Members try to write a formal paper collaboratively. \\ \hline Team Anthologies & Compile course-related readings with members and annotations. \\ \hline Paper Seminar & Participate in writing a paper, engaging in discussion, and receiving feedbacks. \\ \hline \end{tabular}
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