## 2 Results
### The Effect of TP4/2 on the AC Activity in Thyroid Membranes and the Thyroid Hormones Levels
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Group**} & **Thickness of the Seminiferous** & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Number of**} & **Number of Pachytenic** \\  & **Epithelium, \(\mu\)m** & **Spermatognia/Seminiferous** & **Spermatocytes/Seminiferous** \\  & & **Tubule, Units** & **Tubule, Units** \\ \hline Young+dmso & \(82.64\pm 0.94\) & \(59.18\pm 0.77\) & \(59.4\pm 1.48\) \\ \hline Young+TP & \(81.91\pm 0.68\) & \(60.60\pm 0.96\) & \(68.54\pm 1.20\)\({}^{\text{a}}\) \\ \hline Young+saline & \(83.21\pm 0.63\) & \(58.78\pm 0.85\) & \(60.32\pm 1.33\) \\ \hline Young+hCG & \(81.15\pm 0.87\) & \(64.00\pm 1.02\)\({}^{\text{a}}\) & \(73.60\pm 1.34\)\({}^{\text{a}}\) \\ \hline Aging+dmso & \(66.95\pm 0.88\)\({}^{\text{a}}\) & \(38.40\pm 1.43\)\({}^{\text{a}}\) & \(37.22\pm 0.86\)\({}^{\text{a}}\) \\ \hline Aging+TP & \(76.12\pm 0.88\)\({}^{\text{a,b}}\) & \(60.80\pm 1.60\)\({}^{\text{b}}\) & \(55.68\pm 1.60\)\({}^{\text{b}}\) \\ \hline Aging+saline & \(67.60\pm 1.07\)\({}^{\text{a}}\) & \(39.28\pm 1.20\)\({}^{\text{a}}\) & \(38.44\pm 1.06\)\({}^{\text{a}}\) \\ \hline Aging+hGC & \(72.08\pm 0.93\)\({}^{\text{a,b,c}}\) & \(61.10\pm 1.09\)\({}^{\text{b}}\) & \(57.90\pm 1.27\)\({}^{\text{b}}\) \\ \hline Diab+dmso & \(68.52\pm 0.71\)\({}^{\text{a}}\) & \(49.28\pm 1.24\)\({}^{\text{a}}\) & \(49.06\pm 0.80\)\({}^{\text{a}}\) \\ \hline Diab+TP & \(75.39\pm 0.95\)\({}^{\text{a,b}}\) & \(64.36\pm 0.72\)\({}^{\text{a,b}}\) & \(65.84\pm 0.76\)\({}^{\text{a,b}}\) \\ \hline Diab+saline & \(68.30\pm 0.84\)\({}^{\text{a}}\) & \(48.80\pm 0.86\)\({}^{\text{a}}\) & \(48.46\pm 0.98\)\({}^{\text{a}}\) \\ \hline Diab+hGC & \(73.45\pm 0.95\)\({}^{\text{a,b}}\) & \(59.98\pm 0.59\)\({}^{\text{b,c}}\) & \(57.92\pm 1.04\)\({}^{\text{b,c}}\) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} Notes: TP4/2 was administered for five days at a daily dose of 20 mg/kg (i.p.) and hCG was administered during five days at a daily dose of 20 IU/rat (s.c.). \({}^{\text{a}}\)—the difference between the group Young+dmso and the other groups with the treatment DMSO or TP4/2+DMSO or between the group Young+saline and the other groups treated with saline or hCG+saline is significant at \(p<0.05\); \({}^{\text{b}}\)—the difference between aging/diabetic rats without TP4/2 or hCG administration and aging/diabetic rats with TP4/2 or hCG administration is significant at \(p<0.05\); \({}^{\text{c}}\)—the difference between the TP4/2- and hCG-treated rats with the young adult, aging and diabetic series is significant at \(p<0.05\). The data are presented as the M \(\pm\) SEM, \(n=5\).  
\end{table} 
Table 3: The effect of five-day treatment of young adult, aging and diabetic rats with TP4/2 and hCG on the thickness of the seminiferous epithelium and the number of germ cells in the seminiferous tubules. Figure 7: The morphology of the seminiferous tubules in the testis of diabetic rats, and the effect of five-day treatment with TP4/2 and hCG. **A**—Diab+dmso, **B**—Diab+TP, **C**—Diab-saline, **D**—Diab+hCG. The histology of the rat testes was evaluated using the staining of the testis section with Ehrlich hematoxylin and Eosin G. Scale bars, \(100\)\(\mu\)m.  
Rat LHCGR and TSHR Transmembrane Allosteric Site Modelling and Molecular Docking of Thienopyrimidine Derivatives  
A comparative analysis of the TP4/2 and Org 43553 (Figure S2) interaction with LHCGR allosteric site demonstrated the comparable GlideScore and Emodel values (Table 4). The most significant parameter is the hydrophobic contact intensity, described as the Lipo value, and less significant are coulombic interactions (<<Coulomb>>) and hydrogen bonding (Table 4). The GlideScore is a scoring-function [43] including binding free energy components for the ligands TP4/2 and Org 43553 in the allosteric site of LHCGR. The Emodel value combines the energy grid score, the binding affinity predicted by GlideScore, and the internal strain energy for the model potential used to direct the conformational-search algorithm which leads to a stable docking solution, considered as a potential ligand-receptor complex.