## 5 Discussion
As mentioned in [142], BIM should be used to describe the design's goal and include the designer's prior knowledge. As a result, there should be continued investment in BIM research to inspire experts in the building industry to learn the language. To improve upon the conventional approach, which has been plagued by the issue of inefficient communication amongst project teams, many construction companies in the developed world are now using BIM tactics that have helped them achieve success; therefore, the problems of ineffective collaboration that occur in the construction business have been held to be solved by the implementation of BIM expertise. Nevertheless, according to this research and the reviewed works of literature, certain challenges have been responsible for the low implementation of BIM by construction specialists in the Nigeria construction business, such as designers and the supply chain downstream have not established a reliable method of working together, lack of computer self-efficacy, lack of standard BIM protocols for cross-industry collaboration, resistance to change of specialists in the construction business, lack of information infrastructural to enhance BIM use, to mention a few, these are validated by [PERSON] [83] and [PERSON] et al. [143]. Unestablished working collaboration between designers (including the architect, and civil engineers, to mention a few) and the downstream supply chain was ranked the highest major challenges, inhibiting the adoption of BIM Technology in the industry because of the large discrimination between the construction professionals. The education system of the country also contributes to these challenges by not encouraging smooth collaboration between these construction professionals at the student level. Hence, due to these challenges, it is obvious that construction firms have not thoroughly maximized BIM in Nigeria, and to accomplish this improvement in the industry, it will require acclimatizing and employing certain underlying strategies [82]. The nation's economic system also could not help professionals to be computer self-efficacy because BIM workstation is very costly and heavy-duty due to their graphics requirement. This survey found that the lack of common BIM protocols for cross-sector collaboration and the reluctance to change among construction industry experts were ranked equally as the most significant factors preventing the widespread use of BIM technology. On the contrary, opposition to information sharing [82], fear of safety and reliability of building information modeling [144] and failures in technology support [83] were ranked the least three among the 35 major challenges that affect the execution of BIM expertise in the industry. These were ranked low because participants have seen the benefits of BIM technology that overwrite them. As evident from the preceding discussion, BIM barriers impede BIM development and adoption. Because of this, several engineering projects have experienced substantial setbacks. Previous studies that have investigated the challenges of BIM have often combined a literature study with a questionnaire survey. While researchers have made great strides in identifying specific barriers, less attention has been paid to examining the interrelationships among these hurdles and the effects they have on one another. In contrast to previous studies, these employ realistic research methodologies and a new perspective to examine the challenges of BIM. Although this study's findings are impressive, [PERSON] [145] has used the decision-making test and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) method to investigate the obstacles to and suggestions for implementing BIM in project costs and has concluded that the lack of policy support from the government and industry firms has the greatest impact on all other factors and that executive management motivation has evolved into the direct cause of BIM's advancement. China strongly promotes the use of BIM; thus, many scholars have looked at the problems that arise during its implementation.