## 2 The Evolution of Vehicle-Mounted Media
### Vehicle-Mounted Media
#### 2.2.3 Multi-Sensory Services  
Along with the development of very large-scale integrated circuits and computer networks, a wave of information revolution has appeared in the automotive industry. In the early 1980s, multimedia IVI appeared with the deployment of Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) and Operating System (OS).  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Year** & **Radio Manufacturer** & **Radio Mode or Characteristic** & **Typical Automakers** \\ \hline
1922 & Westinghouse & Car Radio with battery & GM–Chevrolet \\
1930 & Motorola & 5T71 & Studebaker \\
1932 & Blaupunkt & Erstes Autorado AS5 & Not Reported \\
1952 & Blaupunkt & First FM Radio & Volkswagen \\
1953 & Becker & Mexico Tube AM/FM & Mercedes-Benz \\
1955 & Philco & First all transistor car radio Mopar 914 HR(C-5690 HR) & Chrysler \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 1: Typical car radios.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**Year** & **Navigator** & **Carrier** & **Display** \\ \hline
1921 & [PERSON] dashboard–mounted navigation & Paper map & Map scroll \\
1930 & Iter Avto & & \\ \hline
1980 & Bosch Autofahrer–Leit–und & & \\  & Informationssystem (ALI) & On-board and Roadside unit & Screen \\ \hline
1981 & Honda Electro Gyrocator & Map & \\ \hline
1983 & Bosch Electronic Pilot & & \\  & for Drivers (EVA) & Tape & Audio guide \\ \hline
1985 & Etask Navigator & & Screen \\ \hline
1986 & Buick Riviera navigator & CD & Audio guide \\  & & & touch screen \\ \hline
1989 & Bosch TravelPilot IDS & Digital map & Screen \\ \hline
1990 & Mazda Eunos Cosmo & GPS & Screen \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 2: Typical navigation systems.  
ITS consists of the systems of traffic information service, traffic management and safety, etc. [47; 48]. The Dedicated Short Range Communication (DSRC) program could support the IVI media contents for travelers via an information service system [49]. Microsoft proposed the Auto PC platform powered by OS in 1998 [50], which brought more opportunities for the IVI. Through such platforms, the functionalities of audio-video play, file storage, multimedia interaction and group chat, can be highly integrated to further stimulate users' multi-senses.  
Instead of mechanical buttons, other interactive approaches emerged, e.g., touch control, voice control, hand gestures, and eye contact etc., which let the multiple sensory media services become a reality. The classical models include: 1986 Buick Riviera with a CRT touch screen, 2002 Honda Accord with IBM ViaVoice speech recognition module, 2016 BMW 7 with gesture control system, 2019 Xpeng motor P7 with eye contact. Moreover, through integrating virtual and real images perfectly in the vision field, the Head Up Display (HUD) and augment reality-HUD are used to avoid the shift of sight for the purpose of safe-driving.  
Furthermore, the visual, voice and gesture interactive methods facilitate the multi-sensory media services and greatly improve user friendliness. Depending on those IVI services, innovation mobility applications have been proposed, such as in-car conference. The spacious models--Chevy 2013 Suburban, Mercerdes Benz 2014 V250 deVito and Cadillac 2015 Escalade ESV--are successively launched respectively, which can potentially provide mobile conference rooms for business demands.