## 4 Results
### Research Questions 3  
#### 4.2.1 Human Resources Working in R&D in the Czech Republic  
The focus of this research is also on human resources for R&D and INDUSTRY 4.0 projects in relation to the period of recession or non-recession. Table 8 shows an overview of the development of R&D personnel by sector and field of science. Recession periods are highlighted.  
The business enterprise sector has a very strong predominance of R&D personnel in the field of technical sciences. This is fundamentally different from other sectors, specifically the university sector, which has a high share of technical scientists, but a high proportion of workers are also seen in the fields of natural sciences and medicine. This comparison shows the strong unilateral orientation of CZ-NACE C Manufacturing in the business sector, which also directs the current INDUSTRY 4.0 projects in the Czech Republic.  
Figure 1 shows the international comparison of the number of R&D personnel in selected countries of the world during 2005-2015 [24]. Data on human resources working in R&D in the United States was not available.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Predictors** & **Estimates** & **CI** & **P** \\ \hline (Intercept) & 176.97 & 172.23–181.71 & \(<\)0.001 \\ t & 4.95 & 4.29–5.60 & \(<\)0.001 \\ Recession & –4.01 & –8.65–0.63 & 0.129 \\ Observations & 11 & & \\ R\({}^{2}\)/adjusted R\({}^{2}\) & 0.967/0.959 & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 7: Model 2 results for higher education sector.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Sector** & **2007** & **2008** & **2009 \({}^{1}\)** & **2010** & **2011** & **2012 \({}^{1}\)** & **2013 \({}^{1}\)** & **2014** & **2015** & **2016** & **2017** \\ \hline
**Business enterprise** & 30,640 & 31,660 & 32,375 & 34,658 & 37,437 & 41,445 & 44,255 & 48,194 & 49,252 & 51,069 & 55,232 \\ Science & 4513 & 4226 & 4675 & 5872 & 7156 & 8494 & 9810 & 11,558 & 11,812 & 12,148 & 13,361 \\ Technical sciences & 23,830 & 25,114 & 25,279 & 26,063 & 27,085 & 29,079 & 31,614 & 32,673 & 33,697 & 34,262 & 37,727 \\ Medical sciences & 744 & 801 & 820 & 1196 & 1174 & 1156 & 993 & 1022 & 1080 & 1212 & 1168 \\ Agricultural sciences & 1256 & 1243 & 1230 & 1255 & 1305 & 1622 & 1151 & 1262 & 1302 & 1302 & 1131 \\ Social Sciences & 271 & 242 & 343 & 246 & 686 & 1077 & 666 & 1666 & 1347 & 2116 & 1818 \\ Humanities & 26 & 35 & 29 & 27 & 29 & 16 & 21 & 14 & 14 & 28 & 27 \\ \hline
**Government** & 15,470 & 15,559 & 15,402 & 15,029 & 15,313 & 15,482 & 15,996 & 16,177 & 16,705 & 16,615 & 17,941 \\ Science & 8276 & 8544 & 8586 & 8532 & 8576 & 9165 & 9464 & 9544 & 9517 & 9686 & 10,094 \\ Technical sciences & 464 & 557 & 484 & 413 & 414 & 411 & 488 & 492 & 559 & 554 & 604 \\ Medical sciences & 2195 & 2124 & 2168 & 1948 & 2000 & 1931 & 1935 & 1802 & 1980 & 1605 & 2029 \\ Agricultural sciences & 1239 & 1136 & 956 & 1089 & 1107 & 829 & 842 & 993 & 1225 & 1211 & 1319 \\ Social Sciences & 1029 & 893 & 820 & 777 & 874 & 874 & 758 & 785 & 943 & 973 & 1112 \\ Humanities & 2267 & 2305 & 2388 & 2270 & 2342 & 2272 & 2509 & 2562 & 2481 & 2586 & 2783 \\ \hline
**Higher education** & 26,735 & 26,993 & 27,694 & 27,844 & 29,149 & 30,301 & 32,173 & 32,680 & 33,891 & 31,915 & 34,234 \\ Science & 2887 & 3431 & 3286 & 3788 & 5818 & 5864 & 6512 & 6804 & 6743 & 6528 & 7517 \\ Technical sciences & 8573 & 8463 & 8492 & 8304 &Figure 1 shows an international comparison of R&D personnel development numbers in the Czech Republic and Germany, showing that numbers are increasing, which gives good conditions for the development of INDUSTRY 4.0 projects. Compared with China, however, the growth rate is relatively slow, which may worsen future competitiveness.