## 4 Discussion
The majority of the studies that used electronic apps/devices demonstrated positive improvement in patient outcomes, such as reduced infections and improvement in the self-management of symptoms [10; 54; 61]. Only a few previous studies focused on the use of emerging technologies, such as artificial intelligence (AI) and wearables, discussing the positive outcomes for patients, such as helping with clinician decision-making and encouraging physical activity to improve overall health; e.g., [34]. This highlights the gap in studies on the role of emerging technologies in transplantation care. Although the findings suggest that eHealth technologies have the potential to significantly improve patient outcomes and enhance the delivery of care in transplantation settings, there is a need for continued research and innovation to explore the full potential of emerging technologies, address existing gaps in the literature, and optimize transplant care delivery, ultimately advancing the field of eHealth in transplantation care. A variety of digital health technologies are utilized across different types of transplants, with some overlap in their applications. While all transplant types benefit from telehealth and mobile health applications, certain technologies were more commonly associated with specific organ transplants in the selected studies. For example, electronic health records (EHRs) were widely used in kidney, liver, pancreas, heart, and lung transplants [15; 47; 48], while artificial intelligence (iBox) has been specifically applied in kidney transplantation [34], whereas digital health home spirometry interventions and telemedicine were more commonly associated with lung transplants [18; 26]. Additionally, electronic mental health screening was predominantly used in heart transplantation, reflecting the specific psychological challenges faced by these patients [61]. For younger patients, mobile health applications were more frequently used in heart, kidney, liver, and blood and marrow transplants, supporting both their clinical and emotional needs [40; 56]. These distinct patterns underscore the importance of developing digital health solutions that are finely tuned to the specific challenges faced by transplant recipients depending on their organ type. The findings from this systematic review offer valuable insights that extend beyond transplantation care, contributing to a broader, generalizable knowledge base in healthcare. The integration of eHealth tools in transplant care highlights key principles that can be applied to other clinical settings, particularly in managing complex, long-term conditions. For instance, the use of interoperable electronic health records (EHRs) to centralize patient data and improve care coordination is a practice that can enhance patient outcomes across various specialties, from chronic disease management to general healthcare. Additionally, the emphasis on patient-centered care in the development of eHealth devices, as demonstrated in transplantation, underscores the importance of tailoring healthcare tools to individual patient needs, which is crucial in diverse medical contexts. The barriers and benefits identified in the use of digital health tools also offer broader lessons for healthcare systems globally. Overcoming challenges like digital literacy and trust issues and leveraging tools for patient engagement and remote monitoring can be applied to various disease areas, improving the accessibility and efficiency of care. Finally, the multidisciplinary collaboration in transplant teams, exemplified by the shared use of health technologies among patients, clinicians, and providers, reinforces the value of interdisciplinary coordination, which is a principle that can be generalized to other healthcare models, leading to more holistic, integrated patient care.