## 4 Results from the Literature Review
### Compressed Air Vehicles
#### 4.2.2 Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS)
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**Solution** & & **Role in Case of Potential Crises** \\ \hline Autonomous vehicles & & \(\bullet\) & Reducing greenhouse gas emissions and the potential for air quality improvement (environmental crisis) \\ Autonomous vehicles & & \(\bullet\) & Increased customer service level and reduced logistics costs in enterprises (economic crisis) \\  & & \(\bullet\) & Possibility of contactless delivery of goods, including medicines and medical equipment (health crisis) \\  & & \(\bullet\) & Use for evacuation of the wounded or as combat vehicles (military crisis) \\ \hline Traffic management systems & & \(\bullet\) & Reduction of transport congestion—decrease in fuel consumption, shorter travel times, and reduction of exhaust emissions (economic crisis and environmental crisis) \\  & & \(\bullet\) & Reducing the risk of collisions and accidents (economic crisis and health crisis) \\ Traffic management systems & & \(\bullet\) & Social distancing support (health crisis) \\  & & \(\bullet\) & Possibility of giving passage priority to emergency vehicles (health crisis and social crisis) \\  & & \(\bullet\) & Improving the evacuation of the population from cities (military crisis and social crisis) \\ \hline Emission monitoring and control systems & & \(\bullet\) & Reducing greenhouse gas emissions and improving air quality (environmental crisis and health crisis) \\  & & \(\bullet\) & Possibility of taking immediate action to reduce excessive exhaust emissions and improve the condition of the atmosphere (environmental crisis and health crisis) \\ \hline Real-time mobility management systems & & \(\bullet\) & Reducing congestion and improving the economic efficiency of the entire transport system (economic crisis) \\  & & \(\bullet\) & Reducing fossil fuel consumption and carbon dioxide emissions (environmental crisis) \\  & & \(\bullet\) & Application in the maintenance of social distancing and the planning of transportation demand (health crisis) \\  & & \(\bullet\) & Support for the coordination of ambulance traffic (social crisis and health crisis) \\ \hline Smart lighting systems & & \(\bullet\) & Reducing electricity consumption—decreasing greenhouse gas emissions and lower expenses for energy (environmental crisis and economic crisis) \\  & & \(\bullet\) & Increasing the level of safety with proper lighting (economic crisis, social crisis, and health crisis) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 9: The role of selected solutions in intelligent transport systems (ITS) during potential global crises. Intelligent traffic management systems offer a solution to urban traffic congestion by relying on advanced technological infrastructure, which leverages innovations, such as the Internet of Things (IoT), vehicular ad hoc networks (VANET), cloud computing, 5G connectivity, and Big Data. These systems support traditional traffic management methods while effectively reducing congestion [132]. Reducing traffic jams leads to decreased fuel consumption, shorter travel times, and improved road safety, all of which positively impact the economy [133]. Some proposals suggest expanding these systems to include UAV traffic monitoring, which could reduce the risk of collisions and accidents, thereby benefiting public health and offering cost savings [134]. Studies also highlight the utility of TMS during health crises, such as pandemics, as they can facilitate social distancing by managing traffic flow and optimizing transport resources [135], even prioritizing emergency vehicles, such as ambulances [31]. Additionally, intelligent traffic management aligns with sustainable transport goals by reducing vehicle idle time, thereby lowering fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions [136]. TMS also become valuable in crises that require rapid urban evacuation, such as armed conflicts or social unrest [137].