## 3 Performance Attributes and Scenarios
### MCDM Approach for Evaluating Thermal Gasification Techniques for MSW
#### 3.4.1 Structure of the Decision Matrix and Its Standardization  
If there are \"I\" thermal gasification techniques and \"j\" evaluation criteria for the thermal gasification technique, \(\mathrm{C_{ij}}\) is the jth criterion's value in the ith thermal gasification technique. To remove the effect of the criterion dimension on proportionality, it is required to standardize the criteria using equations of relative optimum membership degree. For the benefit, (maximize) criterion, the attribute value of the jth criterion in the ith thermal \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Attributes/Non-Recycling Scenario** & **Criteria** & **Objective** & **Units** & **Updraft** & **Downdraft** & **Cross-Draft** & **Bubbling Bed** & **Circulating Fieldized Bed** & **Dual Fluidized Bed** \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} Technology \\ performance indicators \\ \end{tabular} } & C\({}_{1}\): GPR & Max & Nm\({}^{3}\)/kg & 2.5 & 2.83 & 1.855 & 3.6 & 2.78 & 0.965 \\ \cline{2-10}  & C\({}_{2}\): CCE & Max & \% & 0.725 & 0.67 & 0.79 & 0.8 & 0.8503 & 0.811 \\ \cline{2-10}  & C\({}_{3}\): EC & Max & MJ/Nm\({}^{3}\) & 5.5 & 5 & 4.25 & 5.15 & 5.695 & 16 \\ \cline{2-10}  & C\({}_{4}\): CGE & Max & \% & 0.5 & 0.75 & 0.55 & 0.8 & 0.8 & 0.85 \\ \cline{2-10}  & C\({}_{5}\):T G & Min & g/N\(\cdot\)m\({}^{3}\) & 90 & 1.508 & 0.505 & 12.5 & 7 & 0.14 \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{\
\begin{tabular}{c} Economic performance indicators \\ \end{tabular} } & C\({}_{6}\): LCC & Min & scale & 4 & 2 & 2 & 4 & 4 & 4 \\ \cline{2-10}  & C\({}_{7}\): PB & Min & yrs & 6 & 4 & 5 & 3 & 2 & 1 \\ \cline{2-10}  & C\({}_{8}\): CO\({}_{2}\) & Min & \% & 0.125 & 0.12 & 0.115 & 0.15745 & 0.135 & 0.22 \\ \cline{2-10}  & C\({}_{9}\): CH\({}_{4}\) & Min & \% & 0.02 & 0.025 & 0.025 & 0.05 & 0.04 & 0.105 \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{
\begin{tabular}{c} Fuel requirements \\ \end{tabular} } & C\({}_{10}\): Fuel Size & Max & mm & 52.5 & 60 & 12.5 & 6 & 9 & 0.4875 \\ \cline{2-10}  & C\({}_{11}\): Moisture & Max & \% & 0.60 & 0.25 & 0.15 & 0.15 & 0.30 & 0.10 \\ \cline{2-10}  & C\({}_{12}\): Ash Content & Min & Scale & 0.25 & 0.06 & 0.75 & 0.25 & 0.25 & 0.25 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Attribute values used for the MCDM analysis for the non-recycling scenario. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Attributes/Non-Recycling Scenario** & **Criteria** & **Objective** & **Units** & **Updraft** & **Downdraft** & **Cross-Draft Bed** & **Bubbling Bed** & **Circulating Fieldized Bed** & **Dual Fluidized Bed** \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} Technology \\ performance indicators \\ \end{tabular} } & C\({}_{1}\): GPR & Max & Nm\({}^{3}\)/kg & 2.20 & 2.63 & 1.66 & 2.90 & 2.50 & 0.78 \\ \cline{2-10}  & C\({}_{2}\): CCE & Max & \% & 0.68 & 0.62 & 0.70 & 0.70 & 0.78 & 0.75 \\ \cline{2-10}  & C\({}_{3}\): EC & Max & MJ/Nm\({}^{3}\) & 4.00 & 4.15 & 3.50 & 4.10 & 4.55 & 9.50 \\ \cline{2-10}  & C\({}_{4}\): CCE & Max & \% & 0.47 & 0.68 & 0.50 & 0.75 & 0.75 & 0.80 \\ \cline{2-10}  & C\({}_{5}\):T G & Min & g/N\(\cdot\)m\({}^{3}\) & 250.00 & 18.00 & 20.00 & 161.90 & 105.00 & 20.00 \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{\
\begin{tabular}{c} Economic performance indicators \\ \end{tabular} } & C\({}_{6}\): LCC & Min & scale & 5.00 & 4.00 & 4.00 & 5.00 & 5.00 & 5.00 \\ \cline{2-10}  & C\({}_{7}\): PB & Min & yrs & 6.00 & 4.00 & 5.00 & 3.00 & 2.00 & 1.00 \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{2-10}  & C\({}_{8}\): CO\({}_{2}\) & Min & \% & 0.10 & 0.10 & 0.09 & 0.11 & 0.10 & 0.18 \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{2-10}  & C\({}_{9}\): CH\({}_{4}\) & Min & \% & 0.025 & 0.035 & 0.035 & 0.060 & 0.060 & 0.120 \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{
\begin{tabular}{c} Fuel requirements \\ \end{tabular} } & C\({}_{10}\): Fuel Size & Max & mm & 25.50 & 60.00 & 12.50 & 6.00 & 9.00 & 0.49 \\ \cline{2-10}  & C\({}_{11}\): content & Max & \% & 0.600 & 0.250 & 0.150 & 0.145 & 0.300 & 0.100 \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{2-10}  & C\({}_{12}\): Ash Content & Min & Scale & 0.25 & 0.06 & 0.08 & 0.25 & 0.25 & 0.25 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}