# Research on Risk Assessment Method for Land Subsidence in Tangshan Based on Vulnerability Zoning
###### Abstract  
The vulnerability zoning of the urban ground subsidence in Tangshan City was investigated in this study, taking into account factors such as the geological lithology, rainfall, population density, road network density, seismic acceleration, and river network density. The main research of this paper is slow land subsidence affecting large territories. A single-factor analysis was conducted using ArcGIS, followed by a grid-weighted overlay analysis. Values were assigned to each factor to generate a vulnerability zoning map. The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and information value evaluation model were then employed to assess the ground subsidence risk. An evaluation index system was established, comprising the evaluation objective layer, criterion layer, and indicator layer. An evaluation judgment matrix for the ground subsidence risk was constructed, with the calculation of the weight and information value of each risk evaluation indicator, and the total information value of the study area. Four risk levels were determined: high, moderate, relatively low, and low. The findings demonstrate the scientific validity, rationality, and practical applicability of the vulnerability zoning research and risk assessment method for addressing the ground subsidence in Tangshan City. This study contributes to the understanding and management of the ground subsidence risk, providing a robust framework for urban planning and disaster mitigation. url  
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ArcGIS with mathematical models and established a complete geological hazard assessment method, which was successfully applied in practical cases [1]. In the late 1980s, China began applying ArcGIS technology to geological research. In recent years, with the gradual improvement in ArcGIS technology, its depth and breadth of application have made significant progress [2; 3; 4; 5; 6]. [PERSON] studied the formation mechanism of karst collapse in Tangshan [7]. [PERSON] et al. mainly discuss the characteristics, causes, hazards, and prevention methods of road collapse in Tangshan [8]. [PERSON] et al. applied ArcGIS to the study of the New Tan-Badong section of the Three Gorges Project and obtained a zonation map of its hazard level [9]. [PERSON] et al. obtained vulnerability zoning using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and ArcGIS technology [10; 11]. [PERSON] et al. performed a case study for the Marvdasht plain and rural regions of Fars province, Iran [12]. [PERSON] assessed the ground subsidence risk and vulnerability in Tangshan using ArcGIS and obtained a zoning of the subsidence risk in mining areas [13]. [PERSON] et al. employed multi-track synthetic aperture radar (SAR) datasets acquired by the Sentinel-1A (S1A) satellite to detect spatial and temporal distributions of the surface deformation in the NCP from 2016 to 2018 based on multi-temporal interferometric synthetic aperture radar (MT-InSAR) [14]. [PERSON] et al. characterized the ground subsidence affecting the urban fabric of the city of Pistoia (the Tuscany region, central Italy) based on the wide-area-mapping capability of Sentinel-1 used in synergy with COSMO-SkyMed high-resolution SAR data [15]. [PERSON] et al. used persistent scatterer interferometry synthetic aperture radar (PS-InSAR) technology with Sentinel-1 SAR images to monitor the ground subsidence in Karachi, Pakistan [16]. [PERSON] et al. used ArcGIS technology to establish a prediction and evaluation system and method for karst collapse [17]. [PERSON] et al. proposed a land subsidence risk assessment index based on the Disaster Risk Index [18]. [PERSON] et al. used a road collapse evaluation system to assess the roads in Tangshan City [19]. [PERSON] et al. attempted to assess the vulnerability status in parts of East Sikkim, India, by integrating the influence of the various soil attributes [20].