## 1 Introduction  
The most common problem facility managers face is information accessibility [1]. During the operation phase of a facility, they usually do not have easy and quick access to the needed information to process work orders [2]. In recent years, Building Information Modelling (BIM) has emerged as a potential solution to overcome the fragmented management of building information across an asset's life cycle and help deliver the information needed for Facilities Management (FM) [3]. However, BIM as an enabler for the delivery of complete and high-quality information for FM purposes has not yet been fully realized [4, 5, 6]. It has been identified that the main challenges in adopting BIM in FM activities are not related to technology but to current work processes and organizational structures [7], including the lack of clear roles and responsibilities [8]. Information exchange between BIM models and FM systems is not a straightforward process [9], and there is still limited knowledge of requirements for the implementation of BIM in FM regarding what information is to be provided, when and by whom [2, 8]. Although a considerable number of studies on BIM for FM have been conducted in the past years, few studies have documented the complete process of development and delivery of asset information using BIM following pre-established information requirements and its implications in real large-scale projects [10; 11]. Thus, a lack of consensus remains among academics and practitioners concerning the successful and practical information exchange process between BIM and FM systems [2; 9]. While many issues and challenges related to this process have been identified in the literature [5; 7; 10; 12; 13; 14; 15; 16; 17], there is still no consensus about what the key issues and challenges in BIM for FM are [10]. An analysis of the current literature shows a diffuse understanding of challenges related to BIM for FM, leading to the proposition of isolated solutions that often fail to consider the connections between these different challenges. As was recently pointed out by [15], the current slow BIM adoption is caused by a series of combined reasons rather than a single cause. Therefore, the root causes of the barriers and any potential interrelations among them should be further explored [5]. The main research gap addressed in this study is the lack of empirical data from real-world cases on the development and delivery of asset information in BIM with owner-defined information requirements. More specifically, (1) the lack of consolidated characterization of the asset information delivery process (information requirements, main activities; information workflow; scope of each stakeholder; and tools), and (2) the lack of connection between the different identified challenges in this process. To address these gaps, a qualitative case study methodology is employed with the two defined objectives: (1) to document the processes and practices developed in the context of BIM-enabled asset information delivery, including the evaluation of the artifacts used to frame and support the process, and (2) to identify and map the relevant challenges in this process based on previously identified challenges in the literature. By documenting the processes being adopted in the local industry through case studies, captured knowledge such as the common BIM data requirements for O&M, current BIM data delivery and presentation methods, use of new technologies, and hypothetical BIM-O&M use cases, will serve as the foundation for developing more powerful and generally applicable BIM-based systems and solutions for facility O&M [2]. By investigating how challenges identified in the literature manifest concomitantly, a mapped understanding of challenges is developed, which will help understand the sometimes compounding influences among challenges, and identify root causes of issues and potential bottlenecks in this complex process.