## 3 Results
### Overall Relationships  
Analyzing the similarity of treatments based on the analyzed main characteristics, such as the chemical composition of the rhizosphere, biometric parameters, bacterial microbiome structure, and PGP feature load, three groups were observed on the dendrogram. The first group includes VC and TM, the second includes only ZM-w, and the third includes control and ZM-d. These relationships align with the nMDS scatterplot, confirming the validity of the obtained results. Examining the similarity of traits (Figure 4A and Figure S1), it was observed that the analyzed traits were separated into seven clusters on the dendrogram. The first cluster comprised traits such as Ca, Mg, _Bacillus_, _Geoalkalibacter_, and Nitrosomondaceae. According to the heatmap, high values of these variables were characteristic of the control and moderately present in the other variants, except ZM-w. The second cluster included _Tumebacillus_, P, Vicimbacteraceae, NO3-N, and NH4-N, which were characteristic of the control and ZM-d. The third cluster consisted of Gemmatimonadaceae, Rhizobiaceae, Comamonadaceae, TN, and pH, characteristic of ZM-d. The fourth cluster comprised _Haltaining_, yield, Vicimnibacterales, Xanthobacteraceae, and Acidimicrobia, mostly characteristic of VC and TM. The fifth cluster included NDVI, _Noviherbospirillum_, Gemmataceae, and _Arthobacter_, characteristic of TM. The sixth cluster comprised chitinase, auxin, siderophores, Gibberellin, Pirellulaceae, and Rhizobiales, most characteristic of ZM-w. The last cluster included alkaline and acid phosphatases, proteases, Butkholderiales, K, N-fixation, and ethylene, which were most characteristic of ZM-w and, to a lesser extent, present in other treatments except the control. Figure 3: The vegetation index of plants and beet yield after 60 days of beet vegetation and Bray-Curtis hierarchical clustering and nMDS, showing dissimilarity between treatments. Significance levels are denoted by asterisk as follows: **\(p<0.01\), ***\(p<0.001\). **  
Figure 4: A dendrogram showing the similarities between all analyzed features in the experiment, created on the basis of the Manhattan coefficient, and an nMDS plot created on the basis of the Bray–Curtis dissimilarity matrix (**A**). Principal component analysis, created on the basis of the Pearson correlation matrix, showing the relationships between the observed traits and the rhizobiume (**B**). This study also analyzed the influences of different types of organic fertilization on soil microbiological composition and their potential impacts on plant productivity using principal component analysis (PCA). Relationships between applied fertilizers, specific microbial groups, and biochemical processes in the soil were identified (Figure 4B). Two main components, explaining 65.38% of the variability, were identified, indicating an explanation of the high level of variance. The PCA biplot clearly shows the distribution of microbial groups and chemical parameters, depending on the type of fertilization applied. TM, VC, ZM-d, and ZM-w fertilization are distributed in different parts of the biplot, suggesting unique impacts for each type of fertilization on microbiota composition and soil chemistry. ZM-d fertilization, characterized by the increased availability of nitrate and ammonium nitrogen, was correlated with Comamonadaceae, Gemmatimonadaceae, _Tumebacillus_, Rhizobiaceae, and Vicinamibacteraceae. ZM-w treatment correlated with Rhizobiales, Pirellulaceae, and chitinase enzyme. Additionally, hormonal compounds, such as gibberellins and auxins, essential for plant growth and development, were observed. TM fertilization correlated with _Bacillus_, _Noviherbospirillum_, and _Terrimonas_ bacteria. VC fertilization was closely associated with Acidimicrobia and Vicinamibacterales activity. The control group was mainly correlated with Nitrosomonadaceae and _Geoalkalibacter_, which were either not observed or significantly reduced in other variants. The control showed the lowest correlation with these beneficial properties.