## 4 Results
### General Applications of RIP  
Applications of RIP are entirely dependent on the analysis of the signals derived from thoracic and abdominal belts due to the expansion and contraction of the thoracic cage and abdomen to sustain a normal respiratory pattern. Interruption in respiration can thus be  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{p{56.9 pt} p{56.9 pt} p{56.9 pt} p{56.9 pt} p{56.9 pt} p{56.9 pt} p{56.9 pt}} \hline \hline
**Study** & **Application** & **System Design** & **No. of Subjects** & **Study Duration** & **Subject Health Status** & **Test Setup** \\ \hline Fontecave-Jallon (2020) & Detection of pulse wave velocity (PWV) & Chest and abdomen RIP belts & 11 subjects (\(\mathcal{7}\) M + 4 F) & N/A & Healthy, age: 22–53 & N/A \\ \hline Kovatis (2021) & Detection of of breathing (WOB), impact of HFNC 4 flow adjustments & Respibands plus RIP belts, software & 21 infants in final dataset & N/A & Subjects requiring respiratory support & Neonatal ICU \\ \hline [PERSON] (2013) & Observation of asynchronous breathing in COPD patients during 6 min walk test & Chest and abdomen RIP belts & 88 subjects (age: 18–80 years) & March to July 2009 & COPD patients, FEV\({}_{1}\)\(<\) 80\%, \(\mathcal{7}\)0\% & N/A \\ \hline [PERSON] (2013) & Breathing asynchrony (2013) & Chest and abdomen RIP as associated with sleep stages & Chest and abdomen RIP belts & 40 children (age: 3.1–12.2 years) & N/A & Healthy & N/A \\ \hline [PERSON] (2015) & Breathing asynchrony (2013) & Chest and associated with anesthesia and sedation & Chest and abdomen RIP belts & 51 adults & November 2011–March 2012 & Patients with anesthesia during surgical procedure & Patients with anesthesia during surgical procedure & Hospital \\ \hline [PERSON] (2016) [49] & Validation of RIP during rest and moderate exercise & Chest and abdomen RIP belts & 7 M & N/A & Healthy & N/A \\ \hline [PERSON] (2013) & Effect of positioning on respiratory patterns and functioning & Respitrace Plus functioning & 19 infants & 6 months & Patients in neonatal ICU & Hospital \\ \hline [PERSON] (2018) & Validation of RIP in infants & Chest and abdomen RIP belts & 25 infants & N/A & Patients in neonatal ICU & Hospital \\ \hline [PERSON] (2017) [38] & Self-calibration of RIP without external validation & Vivo Metrics LifeShirtTM & 193 subjects & N/A & Healthy & N/A \\ \hline [PERSON] (2022) & Assessment of fatigue produced by repetitive work & Chest and abdomen RIP belts & 22 subjects (11 M + 11 F) & N/A & Healthy & N/A \\ \hline [PERSON] (2014) & Validation of RIP in hypoventilation syndrome in high-BMI subjects & & 26 subjects (13 control, 13 high-BMI (BMI \(\geq\) 30)) & Patients with obesity hypoventilation syndrome & Patients with obesity hypoventilation syndrome & N/A \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}  
* N/A: not available. 2 M: male, F: female. 3 BMI: body mass index. 4 HFNC: high-flow nasal cannula.  
\end{table}
Table 5: _Cont._detected with RIP as anomalous movement of the ribcage and abdomen, which is clearly visible in the signals from the belts. Both automated and manual statistical analyses of RIP data are performed to measure respiratory rates and volumes, the phase angle between the thorax and abdomen, as well as other relevant information, e.g., breathing pauses, changes in breathing patterns, etc. The analyzed data reveal information on the aforementioned respiratory parameters along with probable reasons behind any abnormal breathing pattern based on experimental conditions.