## 1 Introduction
This was confirmed by the work of [PERSON] et al., who demonstrated experimentally bone marrow stem cells' behavior assessment on femtosecond micropatterned \(\beta\)-TCP laser bioceramic surfaces [31]. Such surface functionalization is largely dependent on the surface texture and quality. Ceramic materials have a very brittle nature [30], which makes their topography modification by traditional texturing methods very difficult. Laser treatment is a progressive, non-contact technique of improving the surface characteristics of biocompatible materials, which makes it suitable for overcoming these disadvantages, and even textured patterns smaller than 100 \(\upmu\)m could be established. The main question that arises for the fabrication of a successful implant is related to the surface properties. It is of main importance to match the ideal design for a specific target application. Various methods [32] (like photolithography, sandblasting, chemical etching and laser-based modification, and so on) are used for the creation of surface topographies on different biomaterials (metals, polymers, and ceramics) with diverse geometrical macro, micro, and nanostructures: pillars, stripes, dimples, and pits. In the review of [PERSON]. [PERSON] et al. [33], the substrate properties of textured polymeric and metallic biomaterials with features ranging from 100 nm to 100 \(\upmu\)m, in accordance with specific cell types' feedback, are summarized. It has been demonstrated that various cell types tend to adhere to surfaces with a variation of the surface roughness from micro to nano dimensions. [PERSON] et al. [34] has successfully obtained moderate roughness from 2 to 4 \(\upmu\)m by nanosecond laser texturing of TZ-3 YSB-E zirconia. The strategy of texturing employs a combination of different numbers of sets, lines, and laser power. The authors demonstrated the ability of the method to produce patterns that exhibit either super hydrophobic or hydrophilic properties. They have shown the capacity of laser-based texturing for the fabrication of customized surface designs of ceramic material. Another work from [PERSON] et.al. [35] explores the possibility to form surface texture via femtosecond laser on copper (Cu) and titanium (Ti) by varying the pulse repetition rate (1 and 10 kHz). They were able to obtain structures ranging from nanoforest to fish scale. The design of micro/nano topographical structures on Zirconia ceramics was recently reported by [PERSON] et al. [36], for research of osteogenic response. Using laser-based femtosecond processing, the creation of isotropic- and anisotropic-geometric shapes was acquired. The microtextured zirconia ceramics provides a human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) enhanced environment for adhesion and orientation. Moreover, the combination of the structures of microgrooves/ridges gives additional mechanical stimuli for cellular differentiation. Immortal cell lines, such as mouse calvaria osteoblasts (MC3T3), which were used in this study, were chosen as they represent an inexpensive, well-established model for performing preliminary experiments [37; 38] concerning testing the \"quality\" of the designed cell matrices. However, this type of cell line has some limitations, related to the in vivo simulation of the regenerative processes. For maximum imitation of the complex physiological behavior, human primary cells are the preferred choice as they generate more accurate information as far as living systems are concerned [37; 39]. The adipose-derived stem cells are more appropriate cell lines in the field of tissue engineering, because of the fact that they can successfully differentiate into other tissue types like bone, cartilage, and muscle. As a rule, primary human cells are cultured directly from their source organ tissue, and, as such, have a number of advantages over immortalized cell lines, in the context of tissue engineering, such as enhanced replication in vivo, genetic stability, defined donor characteristics, matching molecular pathways and metabolism, and so on [40].