## 4 Results and Discussion
### Spatio-Temporal Distribution of Rainfall  
The daily precipitation data of the PERSIANN [44] and CHIRPS was used to estimate the number of rainy days. PERSIANN and CHIRPS daily precipitation data were downloaded from the Climate Engine [45] at a spatial scale of 0.25\({}^{\circ}\)\(\times\) 0.25\({}^{\circ}\). It is freely available to download from several web-based interfaces, including the Center for Hydrometeorology and Remote Sensing (CHRS), USA [44; 46; 47; 48; 49]. The analysis of the precipitation data was performed from 2003 to 2019, due to the availability of the observational data. Considering the uncertainties associated with satellite-based rainfall data, their reliabilities must be validated with observed datasets [50]. The mean monthly precipitation derived from CHIRPS showed variation in spatial distribution from 70 mm/month in the lower and middle basins to 120 mm/month in the upper basin (Figure 2). The dry, average, and wet years were reported for CHIRPS precipitation for 2015, 2018, and 2016, respectively (Figure 3). However, the dry, average, and wet year for PERSIANN were found in 2014, 2006, and 2016, respectively. The mean monthly precipitation derived from PERSIANN data showed lower variations, with a minimum of 76 mm/month to a maximum of 88 mm/month for the lower middle and upper portions of the basin, respectively. The analysis showed that the upper southeast portion of the basin receives higher precipitation, whereas the middle and lower parts of the basin receive lesser precipitation. The average annual precipitation derived from PERSIANN and CHIRPS datasets showed that the CHIRPS datasets had a higher amount of precipitation than the PERSIANN datasets throughout the study period. The maximum and minimum amounts of average annual precipitation in the basin derived from CHIRPS precipitation data were 1510 and 840 mm/year, whereas PERSIANN showed 2040 and 680 mm/year, respectively (Figure 4). \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c} \hline \hline
**Water Management Category (WMC)** & **WALU Code** & **WA+ Based LULC** & **Area (km2)** & **Area (\%)** \\ \hline Protected Land Use & PLU1 & Protected forests & 16.92 & 0.04 \\ (PLU) (20\%) & PLU2 & Protected shrubland & 65.19 & 0.15 \\  & PLU3 & Protected natural waterbodies & 2.39 & 0.01 \\ \hline Utilized Land Use & ULU1 & Closed deciduous forest & 1435.65 & 3.32 \\ (ULU) (25.25\%) & ULU2 & Shrub land and mesquite & 7734.44 & 17.87 \\  & ULU3 & Brooks, rivers, and waterfalls & 1757.69 & 4.06 \\ \hline  & MLU1 & Forest plantations & 0.57 & 0.00 \\ Modified Land Use & MLU2 & Rainfed crops—cereals & 3569.55 & 8.25 \\ (MLU) (11.10\%) & MLU3 & Rainfed crops—vegetables & 17.26 & 0.04 \\  & and melons & & \\  & MLU4 & Fallow and idle land & 1178.07 & 2.72 \\  & MLU5 & Rainfed industry parks—outdoor & 37.93 & 0.09 \\ \hline Managed Water Use & MWU1 & Irrigated crops—cereals & 26,859.26 & 62.06 \\ (MWU) (63.46\%) & MWU2 & Irrigated homesteads and gardens & 211.54 & 0.49 \\  & MWU3 & Irrigated homesteads and gardens & 349.06 & 0.91 \\  & & (rural cities)–outdoor & 43,280.54 & 100.00 \\ \hline Total Area (km2) & & & 43,280.54 & 100.00 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: The area wise distribution of WALU-based land use classes in the study area. Figure 3: It shows the amount of mean annual precipitation in the basin and corresponding dry, wet, and average years derived from PERIANN and CHIRPS datasets. Figure 2: Figure depicting PERSIANN and CHIRPS precipitation datasets, based on the spatial distribution of mean monthly precipitation in the BRB. Validation of PERSIANN and CHIRPS with the IMD datasets  
The PERSIANN and CHIRPS rainfall data sets were compared with the observed gridded rainfall data of the Indian Meteorological Department (IMD), and their performances were assessed through the goodness of fit statistics, including different statistical criteria, such as root mean square error (RMSE), Pearson correlation coefficient, bias, and Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) (Table 4).