# Comparison of Embankment Properties with Clay Core and Asphaltic Concrete Core
## 5 Conclusions  
Through an analysis of various embankment models to study the behavior of the seepage through an embankment, displacement, and the stability of the slope, the results \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Slope**} & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**Asphalic Concrete Core**} & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**Clay Core**} \\ \cline{2-9}  & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Normal Water Level**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Rapid Drawdown**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Normal Water Level**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Rapid Drawdown**} \\ \cline{2-9}  & **U/S** & **D/S** & **U/S** & **D/S** & **U/S** & **D/S** & **U/S** & **D/S** \\ \hline
1:2 & 1.9 & 2.0 & 1.2 & 2.0 & 1.8 & 1.9 & 1.1 & 1.9 \\
1:1.5 & 1.6 & 1.6 & 1.0 & 1.6 & 1.4 & 1.5 & 0.9 & 1.5 \\
1:1 & 1.3 & 1.2 & 0.8 & 1.2 & 1.1 & 1.1 & 0.7 & 1.1 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 13: FOS of upstream slope with a surcharge load (50 kPa). \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c} \(\checkmark\) \\ \(\checkmark\) \\ \(\checkmark\) \\ \(\checkmark\) \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 14: Factors influencing the behavior of embankments for designing. can explain the factors that influence the stability of the embankment, such as the core material, embankment slope, core thickness, water level state, and surcharge load. Therefore, embankment design must consider and analyze these significant factors that are possibly related to the design concept. In accordance with model analysis and the study of embankment behavior, asphalt concrete has suitable characteristics for use with substituted clay. The seepage of asphalt concrete is less than that of clay, resulting in less displacement of the core embankment. It also achieves a higher FOS of the upstream embankment slope than clay. On the basis of the analysis, the worst-case scenarios for each aspect of the study are as follows. Water seepage through the concrete core axis: When the asphalt concrete core axis is 0.3 m-thick, the highest seepage rate observed is 15.1 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-4}\) m\({}^{3}\)/day. Compared with a clay core, the seepage rate through the asphalt concrete core is approximately 10-times lower. Movement of the core axis: For a slope of 1:1, asphalt concrete and clay cores exhibit the highest movement. In this scenario, the vertical movement is 1.6 cm with a load of 50 kPa, while the horizontal movement is 2.7 cm. Stability of dam slope: Under rapid drawdown conditions with a loading of 50 kPa and a slope of 1:1, asphalt concrete and clay cores have similar safety factors above water, with values of 0.8 and 0.7, respectively. The results of this study inform responsible agencies for water management, particularly in the case of embankment construction, by proposing the utilization of asphalt concrete as an alternative construction material for the core of embankments. The country lacks clay materials for embankment construction, and thus, these materials are very ex-pensive to transport over long distances. Eventually, asphaltic concrete will be able to re-place clay soil. Applying the related parameters to a proper design concept can achieve investment cost control and effective management of the investment budget. In addition, the results of this study point out changes in the application of alternative materials that reduce the destruction of the environment because they can considerably reduce the amount of construction resources needed. Conceptualization, C.R. and S.J. ; methodology, C.R., S.J. and T.W. ; software, C.R. and T.W. ; validation, C.R., S.J. and O.S. ; formal analysis, C.R., S.J. and T.W. ; writing--original draft preparation, C.R. ; writing--review and editing, S.J. and O.S. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. This research received no external funding. Not applicable. The data used in this research have been properly cited and reported in the main text.