## 3 Results and Discussions
### LCZ Map and Variations of LST in Harare  
Figure 4a presents the accuracy LCZ map along with the retrieved LST map for Harare (Figure 4b). The very densely packed built-up LCZ2 and LCZ3 occupied the center of the city, with other categories radiating towards the margins of the city. Another densely built category (LCZ7) occupied much of the southwestern and eastern areas of the city. The sparsely built LCZ5 and LCZ6 occupied a much larger combined area than the densely built-up categories. The northern half and southeastern quarter of the city were dominated by spacious settlement areas. Of the land-cover-based categories, LCZA (dense trees) and LCZG (water) occupied less area and were more fragmented than the low plants category (LCZD). LCZD still dominated the eastern and western flanks of the city and was still visible in other parts of the city. A comparison with Figure 4a,b shows that LSTs were highest in areas corresponding to LCZ2 and LCZ3. Pockets of areas with very high LSTs of the same order as those observed in very densely built LCZs were also observed in other areas, such as in low plants LCZ. Very low LSTs mainly coincided with LCZG, LCZ5, and LCZ6 locations. There was a general southwest to northeast decrease in LST, which was a response to the decrease in the density of buildings in that direction. There was evidence of notably high temperature areas with similar temperature ranges to LCZ2 and LCZ3, mainly in the low plants LCZ.  
Figure 5 shows that LCZ 2 was the warmest, followed by LCZ3 and LCZ7. Of the built-up LCZs, LCZ5 and LCZ6 were the coolest, while LCZA and LCZ6 were the coolest of all categories in the city. LCZD was even warmer than the built-up LCZ5, LCZ6, and LCZ7. LCZ2, LCZD, and LCZG were the most variable, as indicated by long tails, while generally, there were some overlaps.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**Paired LCZ Categories** & **Separability** \\ \hline
**Category 1** & **Category 2** & **(TDSI Value)** \\ \hline Compact lowrise & Compact midrise & 1.071 \\ Open lowrise & Open midrise & 1.703 \\ Low plants & Open lowrise & 1.747 \\ Lightweight lowrise & Open lowrise & 1.779 \\ Compact lowrise & Lightweight lowrise & 1.804 \\ Lightweight lowrise & Open midrise & 1.871 \\ Compact midrise & Lightweight lowrise & 1.896 \\ Dense trees & Open lowrise & 1.953 \\ Low plants & Open midrise & 1.954 \\ Compact lowrise & Low plants & 1.963 \\ Lightweight lowrise & Low plants & 1.969 \\ Compact lowrise & Open lowrise & 1.982 \\ Compact lowrise & Open midrise & 1.984 \\ Dense trees & Low plants & 1.989 \\ Compact midrise & Low plants & 1.990 \\ Compact midrise & Open midrise & 1.990 \\ Compact midrise & Open lowrise & 1.997 \\ Dense trees & Open midrise & 2.000 \\ Compact lowrise & Dense trees & 2.000 \\ Dense trees & Lightweight lowrise & 2.000 \\ Lightweight lowrise & Water & 2.000 \\ Compact midrise & Dense trees & 2.000 \\ Compact midrise & Water & 2.000 \\ Low plants & Water & 2.000 \\ Open midrise & Water & 2.000 \\ Compact lowrise & Water & 2.000 \\ Open lowrise & Water & 2.000 \\ Dense trees & Water & 2.000 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 2: Separability LCZs using Landsat 8 data and digitized training sites.