## 3 Results and Discussion
### Abrasion Resistance Versus Different Mix Proportions  
Figure 11 shows two small and big stamping macro-textures (Figure 11a) and MTD of the abrasion area versus different mixing proportions (Figure 11b). Comparing different mixing proportions with different sand lithology shows that the presence of the manufactured silica sand in each mixture can highly increase the abrasion resistance; so does combining natural and manufactured sands with different siliceous and calcareous lithology, but the increase in the combined form is more than that of the mixture of each sand type except for the one with the manufactured silica.  
Figure 10: Visual inspection of different macro-textures.  
As regards different mixing proportions and the abrasion resistance, results of all three stages for both small and big stamping macro-textures show that there is almost no significant difference between the two. Low aggregate-hardness surfaces (e.g., limestone) that wear out more easily than the siliceous material have more potential for an MTD increase. Results in Figure 11 show that natural and manufactured calcareous sands, respectively, can create the highest MTD in this type of macro-texture.  
Figure 12 shows the abrasion test results for concrete surfaces with different seeding macro-textures, and Figure 13 depicts the measured MTDs. As shown, small (1.19-2.38 mm) and medium (2.39-4.75 mm) seeding textures do not differ significantly but generally have more wearing resistance than big seeding macro-textures for all different mixing proportions.  
The mass lost in the first abrasion period is more than that of the other two indicating that most aggregates seeded on the cement mortar are separated in early abrasion periods. Results show that mixtures containing manufactured silica sand or mixed sand have a higher abrasion resistance than others.  
In Figure 13, there is no clear trend among MTDs for different mixing proportions due to the stochastic nature of these macro-textures and the regeneration mechanism of the new ones after aggregates seeded on the concrete surface exit. However, due to the roughness of the newly created macro-texture, the MTDs measured on the texture with larger aggregates is greater than that of the surface with smaller ones.  
Figure 11: Abrasion resistance in form of average mass loss and MTD of stamping macro-textures versus different mix proportions.  
Figure 12: Abrasion resistance in form of average mass loss of seeding macro textures versus different mix proportions.  
Figure 14 shows the abrasion (weight loss) of different single- and two-way brooming macro-textures (Figure 14a) and MTDs of different mix proportions (Figure 14b). As shown, their abrasion resistances do not differ significantly, and major changes are related to different mixtures; those containing manufactured silica sand have the least mass loss followed by those with combined sands. According to the results, abrasion in each period decreases at almost a constant rate, and the two-way brooming has more MTDs than its rival (one-way) because since the texture of the former is brushed on both sides, more paste is emptied between the aggregates and, hence, more empty space is created on the concrete surface causing more MTDs. The MTD data investigation of different mixtures shows that those containing manufactured silica sand or a combination of different sands have higher MTDs. In fact, in the brooming of macro-textures with exposed aggregates, the higher is the abrasion resistance, the less is the wear, and, hence, the higher is the depth of the exposed aggregates that resulted in more MTDs.