## 3 Molecular Imprinting by Electropolymerization
The electropolymerization was carried out by CV, in a potential range between \(-\)1.4 V and \(-\)0.4 V, for 15 scan cycles, using a solution containing AAm as the functional monomer, \(N\), \(N\)-methylene-bis-acrylamide (MBA) as the crosslinker, sodium persulfate as the initiator, sunset yellow as the template molecule and sodium nitrate as the electrolyte dissolved in PBS. Ultimately, the sensor was electrochemically tested using CV and was demonstrated to possess good recognition properties for sunset yellow in the 0.05-100 uM concentration range and a low limit of detection (LOD) of 5 nM [76]. [PERSON] et al. [77] described the preparation of an electrochemical sensor based on MIP for tetra-bromo-bisphenol A (TBBPA) detection. TBBPA is widely used for plastics and electronics manufacturing, and it may have negative effects on human health, including neurological and thyroid dysfunctions. Thus, the MIP films were prepared by electropolymerization onto GCE surface, using CV, in a potential range between \(-\)0.5 and 0.5 V, at 70 mV/s for 10 scan cycles. The solution used for electropolymerization consisted of ethanol, dopamine, TBBPA (template molecule) and PBS. MIPs showed a good sensitivity for TBBPA, in the 1-50 nM concentration range. Moreover, the MIP films presented selectivity and an LOD of 0.27 nM. The results are promising and comparable with further HPLC applications [77]. [PERSON] and co-workers [78] prepared an MIP based sensor on indium tin oxide (ITO) bare for the determination of resveratrol. In this respect, prior to electropolymerization, the ITO electrode was modified with Ag nanoparticles using cyclic voltammetry and after that with a HAuCl4 (chloroauric acid) solution. Following this procedure, the MIP film was deposited onto the modified electrode surface via electropolymerization, by CV, applying a potential between 0 and 0.8 V at a scan rate of 50 mV/s, for 30 scan cycles. The electrochemical behavior of the sensors was studied by CV and EIS, in which case a linear response between 2.0 \(\times 10^{-11}\) to 9.0 \(\times 10^{-9}\) M was reported. The detection limit was determined to be 7.1 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-12}\) M. Moreover, the sensor was tested using structural analogues and proved good selectivity [78]. [PERSON] [79] described the development of an MIP sensor for atrazine detection. The MIP film synthesis was carried out by electropolymerization using a classical electrochemical cell. For producing the MIP film, the electrochemical cell consisted of an Au electrode (working electrode), a saturated calomel electrode (reference electrode), a Pt electrode (counter electrode), \(o\)-Phenylenediamine (monomer), electrolyte and atrazine (template molecule). In this case, the employed electropolymerization conditions referred to applying a potential between 0 and 0.8 V at a scan rate of 50 mV/s for 15 scan cycles. CV and DPV assays have proven that the prepared sensor can detect atrazine at different concentration, having a very low LOD of 1 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-9}\) M [79]. [PERSON] et al. proposed an electrochemical sensor based on an MIP layer for sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) detection. In this study, a \"3 in 1\" electrode with Au electrode as working electrode, Ag electrode as reference electrode and gold strip plate as counter electrode, was used. The MIP film was deposited by electropolymerization of 2-Aminothophenol (2-ATP), in the presence of SLS (template molecule), by applying a potential between \(-0.35\) and \(0.80\) V for 10 scan cycles at 100 mV/s. Prior to electropolymerization, the surface of the electrode was modified with a layer of 2-ATP by dripping the solution on the electrode surface. The electrochemical response, by CV, DPV and EIS, indicated that the sensor presented good affinity for the SLS, with a limit of detection of 0.18 pg/mL [80]. [PERSON] et al. [81] have recently present an electrochemical MIP-based sensor for diclofenac detection.