# The Campus as a Smart City: University of Malaga Environmental, Learning, and Research Approaches
## 5 Discussion  
The deployments and infrastructures of a Smart-Campus might be performed under multiple projects and funding opportunities spanning years, leading to the final coexistence of very heterogeneous ICT elements. This condition presents a challenge in maintaining the proper integration of all the different equipment. To overcome such an issue and to properly allow full exploitation of the gathered data, a proper framework and a centralized IoT management and data system is deemed indispensable.  
Furthermore, the management and coordination of the coexisting telecommunication technologies also introduce specific challenges. The compatibility when sharing the radio spectrum must be guaranteed. Moreover, the access to the IoT nodes shall also be independent of the specific radio technologies used with it. Additionally, the management of the different OAM systems implies additional resources need to be dedicated in their proper and coordinated use.  
The planning, deployment, maintenance, and exploitation of a broad and heterogeneous Smart-Campus system is an arduous process that involves multiple departments and institutional groups, such as the different Vice-Rectorates, maintenance staff, schools/faculties directors, teaching personnel, and students. Additionally, it needs the support of equipment providers and deployment companies. The labor of coordinating the different tasks and associated stakeholders requires a tremendous amount of effort, where dedicated and trained personnel is a must. The analysis of the participation in the various activities reflects a significant interest in the promoted ones, especially if resources are provided for research purposes focused on the field of Smart-Campus.  
The capabilities and opportunities provided by the Smart-Campus infrastructures must be adequately disseminated to all the stakeholders, both internal (researchers, professors, students, maintenance personnel, employees) and external (research partner institutions, companies, and the public) to take full advantage of its different elements as well as to properly guide its evolutions.  
From a managerial perspective, the monitoring and guidance of the different activities and projects generated from the Smart-Campus (with a very heterogeneous nature and objectives) introduce a new level of complexity and effort that adds to the already challenging technical management. To overcome this, dedicated, technical, and widely knowledgeable personnel is required for the proper coordination and exploitation of the results of the different deployments, activities, and research projects. In this line, some level of competition between the different project groups might be encouraged based on their annual evaluations, access to additional resources, and their visibility in the dissemination activities. All of this combined with the highest possible level of collaboration and transparency between different teams with allow participants to fully take advantage of the common synergies, especially in the use of the environment and in the integration in the general UMA Smart-Campus framework.