# A Multidisciplinary Approach for Improving Resource Efficiency in the Indian Surimi Supply Chain
## 3 Synthesis of Key ReValue Results
### Regulatory Framework in India and Europe  
EU is the world's largest importer of agricultural and fishery products which totalled \(\epsilon\)114 billion in 2015 [42]. Due to this control, as well as the EU, being India's largest trading partner [43], accounting for \(\epsilon\)80 billion worth of trade goods in 2019 [44] the EU exhibits hard power over India in the form of regulations. India is obliged to follow as they depend on importing their seafood to the European market. Quality requirements of the global market, the increasing importance of the Codex Alimentarius Commission, and the advent of the Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) Agreement under the World Trade Organization (WTO) have made it essential to implement international level food safety measures in India. India has over 25 million citizens working in the seafood industry, it is, therefore, vital to ensure compliance with regulation at both the national level at home and supranational level of the EU [45]. India's capacity to penetrate world markets and gain a higher share of world trade depends on its ability to meet increasingly rigid global food safety standards. India being a member of WTO, has adopted the sanitary and phytosanitary measures Agreement, provided by WTO, and adopted by the Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC) of FAO and World Health Organisation (WHO). Codex Alimentarius is the key reference used for developing standards and Code of Practices and guidelines in the entire chain of custody of fish processing and marketing in India. As described in the previous sections, disposal and use of RRM not only affects the local ecosystems, but the economic prosperity of the Indian surimi market. Surimi processing generates RRM including viscera, skin, filletting frame, bone, and wash water which potentially could be used in preparation of valuable ingredients like marine proteins and fish oil, protein hydrolysate, and gelatine for food or feed application. According to the regulations, if the RRM is produced in human-grade factories and processed under food hygiene legislation, the final product can be used for food application. The requirements for handling and processing and the final product for human consumption are very similar both in the European Economic Area (EEA) and India. In the EU if a product is intended for human consumption, the RRM handling, processing, and the final product must follow the food hygiene (e.g., No. 852/2004, No. 853/2004, No. 854/2004). No. 2073/2005--microbiological criteria and safety requirements (e.g., No. 1881/2006). In India, the regulation regarding different food product safety and security is given by FSSAI--Food Safety and Standards Authority of India. FSSAI regulation for Fish and Fish Products: section 92 (1) of the Food Safety and Standards Act, 2006 empowers the Food Authority to make regulations/standards consistent with this Act and Rules. The regulations, 2011, in regulation 2.6 relating to \"Fish and Fish Products\", in sub-regulation 2.6.1 provides regulations for the selection of raw materials for product development, its transportation conditions, storage, and packaging conditions. Guideline for hygiene and quality of water (IS 10500:2012) during processing is explained in FSSAI regulation for microbiological limits in fish Product Standards and fish Additives: Food Safety and Standards Authority of India has notified the Final Food Safety and Standards (Food Product Standards and Food Additives) Amendment Regulation, 2017 in the official gazette of India w.r.t microbiological requirements for fish and fishery products. Both in EU and India for unprocessed fishery products must not exceed: TVB-N 25-35 mg of nitrogen/100 g flesh, histamine levels 100 mg/kg-200 mg/kg, _L. monocytogenes_ < 100 CFU/g or absence in 25 g. There are no special regulations for fish protein hydrolyses or powders, but they should follow hygiene regulation 853/2004.