# Environmental Changes and Cultural Transitions in SW Iberia during the Early-Mid Holocene
## 2 Materials and Methods
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Core** & **Lab. Code** & **Depth (m)** & **14C Age (yr BP)** & **Error** & **AR** & **Error** & **Age Cal. BP Median** & **2\(\sigma\) Range (cal. BP)** \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{GeoB235 19-01} & 236164 & 0.21 & 650 & 15 & \(-\)49 & 121 & 177 & 0–399 \\ \cline{2-8}  & Beta-526115 & 0.57 & 2610 & 30 & \(-\)73 & 140 & 2212 & 1829–2622 \\ \cline{2-8}  & 236165 & 0.93 & 3205 & 15 & \(-\)36 & 152 & 2903 & 2505–3312 \\ \cline{2-8}  & 236166 & 1.55 & 4245 & 15 & 50 & 152 & 4090 & 3660–4515 \\ \cline{2-8}  & 236167 & 1.67 & 5390 & 20 & 407 & 165 & 5098 & 4673–5523 \\ \cline{2-8}  & 236168 & 3.16 & 9230 & 20 & 740 & 225 & 8892 & 8354–9445 \\ \cline{2-8}  & 236169 & 4.46 & 9530 & 20 & \(-\)46 & 206 & 10,292 & 9658–10,910 \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{GeoB235 19-02} & Beta-512669 & 0.20 & 600 & 30 & \(-\)49 & 121 & 148 & 0–367 \\ \cline{2-8}  & Beta-512670 & 0.31 & 1570 & 30 & \(-\)194 & 125 & 1155 & 864–1453 \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{2-8}  & _Beta-512668_* & 1.16 & 4280 & 30 & 50 & 152 & 4136 & 3693–4564 * \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{2-8}  & Beta-512667 & 1.56 & 4330 & 30 & 50 & 152 & 4201 & 3759–4641 \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{2-8}  & Beta-512666 & 2.47 & 7910 & 30 & 301 & 201 & 7893 & 7488–8328 \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{2-8}  & Beta-512665 & 3.53 & 10,360 & 30 & \(-\)46 & 206 & 11,458 & 10,797–12,104 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Radiocarbon samples and calibration parameters and results. * and italics: rejected sample due to possible reworking. Figure 2: Lithological log, location of 14C and pollen samples (black: samples used in this study) and selected XRF parameters for core 19-01. In the synthetic diagram main categories are organized in the following way: High-mountain pines (_Pinus sylvestris- nigra_ type), Mediterranean pines (_Pinus halepensis-pine_ type and _Pinus pinaster_), Mediterranean woodland (everygreen _Quercus_, _Olea europaea_), Mediterranean shrubland (_Phillyrea_, _Arbutus_), Ri riparian woodland (_Alnus_, _Fraxinus_, _Salix_), Mesophilous trees (deciduous _Quercus_, _Acer_, _Corylus_, _Betula_), Healthlands (_Erica_ type, _Calluna_), Xerophytic taxa (_Juniperus_, _Ephedra fragilis_ type, _Artemisia_), Asteraceae (Carduoideae, Asteroideae, Cichorioideae), Ferns & Mosses (see Figure 7), Hygro-hydrophytic herbs (_Typha_, Cyperaceae, _Callitriche_, _Potamogeton_), Coprophilous (_Con_iochaeta /HdV-172, _Sporomiella_/HdV-113, _Sordianaceae_, _Chatonium_), and Erosive processes (_Glomus_ sp., _Pseudoschizaeae circula_). Pollen percentages for terrestrial taxa were calculated against the main sum of terrestrial grains, while percentages for aquatics, spores, and _Pinus_ were calculated against the total sum of all pollen and spores. Pinus grains were excluded from the main sum because they are considered to be over-represented in marine sediment cores because of its extensive dispersal ability and buoyancy ([PERSON], 1950). However, morphometric analysis of their pollen grains was done using a measurement of the grain diameter, excluding sacci ([PERSON], 1975; [PERSON], 1976).