## 2 (Com)2 INet: Communication and Computation Integrated Network Architecture  
### System Architecture  
As mentioned above, how to meet customized QoS and QoE requirements of advanced computing services remains a challenging problem [15]. To this end, a novel system architecture integrating multi-dimensional resources and heterogeneous networks, abbreviated as (Com)2 INet, is proposed, as shown in Figure 1. The architecture aims to integrate ubiquitous connectivity and collaborative computation, jointly scheduling heterogeneous resources from both communication and computation perspectives to solve the dilemma that emerging applications require more computing power while available computing power is ubiquitous but not easy to use. The (Com)\({}^{2}\)INet network has the following new features compared with the traditional forwarding dedicated networks. (1) Heterogeneous network components, such as router devices, end devices, edge servers, cloud servers, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and satellites, etc., are equipped with computing units to handle massive concurrent computing tasks [16]. In addition, the designed architecture includes multiple computing centers such as data centers and supercomputer centers [17]. Therefore, massive concurrent flows can be scheduled across domains of end-edge-cloud, space-air-ground, and multiple data centers and support the deep integration of \"computing and network\" to efficiently satisfy complex QoS and QoE requirements of customized advanced computing services. (2) A hierarchical control mechanism is adopted to jointly perform global and local management. To be specific, the controllers are deployed in each domain to achieve dynamically adjust the network behaviors and manage multi-dimensional network resources. The master controller is used as a cross-domain orchestrator to centrally control the entire (Com)\({}^{2}\)INet. It can communicate with other controllers in each domain through the eastbound/westbound interface to exchange aggregated control information [18]. The hierarchical control mechanism divides the functional architecture into three layers, in terms of computing service layer, mapping adaption layer, and converged network  
Figure 1: Illustration of the designed (Com)\({}^{2}\)INet. layer, as shown in Figure 2. We next describe each layer in the (Com)2 INet functional architecture in detail below. Computing Service Layer takes service as the basic unit. The computing power identifier (CID) is used to identify the computing services, and the computing power behavior description (CBD) is used to identify QoS and QoE requirements. To be specific, the attribute characteristics of customized computing services can be identified according to their QoS and QoE requirements to obtain useful information, such as whether the task needs to be split and offloaded to multiple computing devices for processing, how many computing devices need to be scheduled, and which optimal devices to schedule to complete the task. The above critical information can provide service-level support for the integrated scheduling of \"computing and network\" [19]. In addition, the computing tasks can be divided into different types, such as emergency communication tasks and emergency rescue tasks, and further divided into general computing tasks and intelligent computing tasks to facilitate global task management. Generally, computational process of general computing tasks with models that require global consistency or data integrity, such as linear regression [20] and K-means [21], should be executed on an edge server with the required mathematical tool installed and cannot be split and be performed on separate computing devices. Conversely, the computation process of intelligent computing tasks with AI models that require privacy protection or distributed computing, such as federated learning [22] and deep neural network [23], can be split and coordinated among multiple computing devices.