# An Overview of Cooperative Driving in the European Union: Policies and Practices
## 2 The European Framework
Among them, we can find tasks for warning drivers of hard braking by vehicles ahead (i.e., _emergency electronic brake light_--EBL) as well as for providing an early warning of approaching emergency vehicles (i.e., _emergency vehicle approaching_--EVA) prior to the siren or light bar being audible or visible. Moreover, _slow or stationary Vehicle_ (SSV) service is designed for warning approaching drivers about slow or stationary/broken down vehicles ahead, while _traffic jam ahead warning_ (TJW) has the purpose of providing an alert to the driver on approaching the tail end of a traffic jam. This can be particularly useful when, for example, the tail end is hidden behind a hilltop or curve. Other typical HLN tasks are those concerning _road works warning_ (RWW) and _weather conditions_ (WTCs) services, which are aimed, respectively, at informing drivers about current road works and providing accurate and current local weather information. This is particularly useful in the case of dangerous weather conditions, which are difficult to perceive visually, such as black ice or strong gusts of wind. Additional cooperative services belonging to the HLN group are: _cooperative collision risk warning_ (CCRW), whose purpose is minimising the risk of collision during overtaking or merging with traffic, and _motorcycle approaching_ indication (MCA), which is finalised to warn drivers of motorcycles arriving. Finally, the _wrong-way driving_ (WWD) service has been designed to provide an advance warning of wrong-way driving, thus alerting, on the one hand, drivers that they are driving in the wrong direction and, on the other, warning surrounding vehicles of the danger. By moving towards the signage applications category we can find _in-vehicle signage_ (VSGN), which is aimed at providing advance information about relevant road signs in the vehicle surroundings to increase driver awareness, and _in-vehicle speed limits_ (VSPDs), whose function is to inform driversabout speed limits continuously or on a specific occurrence. Additionally, _probe vehicle data_ (PVD) service is aimed at collecting vehicle data for a variety of purposes concerning circulation safety and efficiency, traffic management, and environmental issues. While, for reducing the occurrence of traffic shockwaves (i.e., transition zones between two traffic states that move through a traffic environment), thus making traffic flow smoother and reducing vehicle emissions, the _shockwave damping_ (SWD) service has been developed. Moreover, _green light optimal speed advisory (GLOSA)_ tasks are finalised to provide speed advice to drivers approaching traffic lights, thus reducing the number of sudden acceleration or braking incidents. In particular, for PVD, SWD, and GLOSA services, the field of application is an urban environment. Other two services belonging to signage applications are _signal violation/intersection safety_ (SigV), which is a safety-critical task and aims at reducing the number and severity of collisions at signalised intersections, and _traffic signal priority request by designated vehicles_ (TSP), which is aimed at allowing drivers of priority vehicles (e.g., emergency vehicles, public transport, and heavy goods vehicles (HGVs)) to be given priority at signalised junctions. Other C-ITS services are those based on infotainment tasks whose purpose is providing different kinds of information to drivers, such as off-street and on-street parking availability, alternative routes, and location of charging stations.