## 4 Results and Discussion
### Structural Equation Modeling (SEM)
Positive affect (estimate = 1.016) was found to have a more significant influence than risk perception on risky behavior. This shows that intuitive processes are a major factor for motorcyclists in Malaysia, rather than rational processes, when they are riding on the road. In a previous study, it was concluded that positive emotions and pleasure in riding (positive affect) strongly affected the risk behavior of riders [19]. Therefore, this study suggests that the positive affect should be thoroughly addressed in a future study with the expectation of figuring out some suggestions for minimizing motorcyclists' risky riding behavior. These behaviors include taking alcohol before riding, running red lights, overtaking/turning without using signal lights, riding without wearing a crash helmet, crossing stop-junctions without fully stopping, and using phones while riding. The strongest measure of positive affect was crossing a stop-junction without fully stopping, with an estimate value of 0.719. Surprisingly, less than 10% of motorcyclists thought that this was not risky at all. In fact, 5% of motorcyclists enjoy it very much, and around 10% of motorcyclists often or always do it. Additionally, the relationship path between risk perception and risky behavior was found to be weakly positive (estimated value = 0.036). This risk perception construct consists of 11 components, namely \"frequently changing lane to overtake the vehicle in front\", \"speeding up and suddenly braking\", \"exceeding speed limit even feeling unsafe\", \"riding fast on the curve\", \"continue riding although feeling sleepy\", \"taking alcohol before riding\", \"run a red light\", \"racing with other vehicles\", \"overtaking/turning without using signal lights\", and \"riding without wearing crash helmet and using phone while riding\". In a nutshell, these 11 risk perception measures were weakly directly related to riding behavior of motorcyclists. The highest positively influencing measure on risky riding behavior was \"Taking Alcohol Before Riding (Y6)\", with a loading factor of 1.112. This is statistically known to be the riskiest riding behavior. Not only that, more than 60% of motorcyclists thought that it was extremely risky, and most of the motorcyclists (around 95% of them) never or rarely done it while riding on the road. Findings show that positive affect was one of the primary influences of the risky behavior intention of the motorcyclists [5]. This finding indicates that positive affect has a significant influence on a rider's tendency to engage in risky behavior on the road [27]. This shows that motorcyclists in Malaysia are more inclined to take part in a given dangerous behavior when riding on the roads as a result of positive outcomes resulting from engaging in the risky behavior. In the previous study by [PERSON] et al. [24], it was also found that positive affect or personal preference was significantly associated with the intentions to against the traffic rules. For the most significant measure for risky behavior, \"frequently changing lane to overtake the vehicle in front\", with an estimate coefficient value of 0.456, can be described as positively enjoyed and slightly positive perceived by motorcyclists. More than 90% of motorcyclists do this while riding on the road, while less than 5% of motorcyclists perceived it to be extremely risky, and less than 30% of motorcyclists extremely disliked it. Motorcyclists may experience serious injury or have minor crashes with other vehicles on the road as a result of the unstable and unpredictable movement of the vehicle, which increases the probability of accidents. This also indicates that frequently changing lanes to overtake the vehicle in front of the motorcyclist can be attributed to both rational and intuitive processes of motorcyclists' decision making while riding. Anonymous surveys that have in-depth and detailed information can be conducted by using a self-reporting technique [14].