## 3 Features and Advantages of Smart Grid
A large-scale integration of PMU devices in smart grid application would increase the reliability and efficiency of the SG system. Including sensors and PMUs application, the assets optimization, and the application of demand response, demand side management are very essential for SG development. Figure 2: Advantages and features of AMI [37]. A comparison among AMI, smart monitoring system, and PMU is tabulated in Table 2.  
Among these systems, AMI and PMU are currently being used most commonly in SGs. As these systems produce a big amount of data, these systems are more prone to cyber-attacks, especially PMU. In PMU, attackers may hack into the phasor network and inject corrupted data. It is also possible for the hackers to create abnormal conditions in operations by jamming or spoofing GPS signals of PMU. Leakage of valuable information and smart grid safety vulnerabilities may arise with the incorporation of these systems, so strong cyber-security must be ensured for the implementation of these systems:  
* Advanced Distribution Operation: It allows fully automated operation and functionalities of the control devices in the distribution system. Such an advanced system can sharpen the self-healing capabilities in smart grid operation. It performs the following functions [38; 39; 43; 44]:
* Control voltage and manage power flow in an automated fashion;
* Monitor the distributed system in real time and respond to the demand automatically;
* Forecast demand, control, and manage power distribution network in real-time asset management of distribution systems. The schematic diagram of the advanced distribution automation system is shown in Figure 4[45]: \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Topic** & AMI &
\begin{tabular}{c} Smart Monitoring and \\ Measurement system \\ \end{tabular} & PMU \\ \hline
**Tools** & Smart meters & Sensor networks and IOT &
\begin{tabular}{c} Phasor Data Concentrator (PDC), \\ Global Positioning System (GPS) \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline
**Work** & \
\begin{tabular}{c} Vulnerability assessment, \\ risk assessment \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} Standard, risk \\ assessment \\ \end{tabular} & Vulnerability assessment \\ \hline
**Target Area** &
\begin{tabular}{c} Privacy of information, \\ communication system, \\ cyber-physical system \\ \end{tabular} & Sensor data & GPS data \\ \hline
**Communication Type** & Digital & Digital and analog & Digital \\ \hline
**Communication** & \begin{tabular}{c} ANCI C12.18, C12.19, \\ C122, IEC 62056, \\ and Open Smart Grid \\ Protocol (OSGP) \\ \end{tabular} & \
\begin{tabular}{c} IEEE 802.16 (Wimax), \\ IEEE 802.11, IEEE 802.3 \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} IEEE C37.118 (Synchrophasor \\ Measurement) \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline
**Network Type** & \
\begin{tabular}{c} Home Area Network \\ (HAN) \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} Local Area Network \\ (LAN) \\ \end{tabular} & Wide Area Network (WAN) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Comparison among AMI, smart monitoring system, and PMU [41; 42]. Figure 3: Operational block diagram of Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU). This device is used to measure and monitor synchronized system parameters from different locations within the power network based on a common reference time [40]. * Distributed Generations: Distributed generations generate electricity from various different primary energy sources at various different locations. The application of distributed generations is increasing day-by-day due to its modular form of configurations and its utilization near to the load center. Distribution generations are currently available in various forms. Microgrids are the primary aspects of distributed generation, integrating renewables such as solar, wind, hydro and geothermal energies, mostly replacing the conventional sources of energy. But the generation depends on the weather conditions, location and time profiles, causing intermittency which poses significant challenges in renewable energy generations [46].