# Research on Basic Properties of Polymers for Fused Deposition Modelling Technology
## 3 Results
### SEM Scrap Observation After Tensile Test  
Figures 14-17 show the surface topography after a static tensile test of samples made of PLA, PET-G, and HIPS without additional strengthening in the form of fillers. Figure 14 shows a view of the topography of the fracture surface of a sample made of the PLA 3 DActive filament. Figure 14 shows a system of typical faults visible in the surface topography related to the passage of the crack front through an area of locally developed deformations. On a micro-scale, systems of low faults in the fractures of the layered filament are clearly visible throughout the entire surface. On a macro-scale, in the area with the \"fill\" printing function, visible material extrusions are traces of plastic deformations. Figure 15 shows a view of the topography of the fracture surface of a sample made of the PET-G Sunlu filament. Figure 15 shows the crack focus at the edge of the sample, and an extensive system of radially arranged high faults associated with the passage of the crack front are visible in the surface topography. Figure 16 shows a view of the topography of the fracture surface of a sample made of the PET-G 3 DActive filament. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c} \hline  & & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Elastic Limit**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Yield Strength**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Ultimate Tensile Strength**} \\ \cline{3-8}  & **Material** & **Stress [MPa]** & **Strain [mm/mm]** & **Stress [MPa]** & **Stress [MPa]** & **Stress [MPa]** & **Strain [mm/mm]** \\ \hline
1. & PETG Carbon & 20.54 \(\pm\) 0.48 & 0.008 \(\pm\) 0.04 & 29.18 \(\pm\) 0.38 & 0.01 \(\pm\) 0.01 & 60.09 \(\pm\) 1.80 & 0.063 \(\pm\) 0.00 \\ \hline
2. & FiberFlex 40D & 1.31 \(\pm\) 0.40 & 0.050 \(\pm\) 0.01 & 2.41 \(\pm\) 0.03 & 0.22 \(\pm\) 0.01 & 8.71 \(\pm\) 0.55 & 5.090 \(\pm\) 0.30 \\ \hline
3. & PETG Sunlu & 13.18 \(\pm\) 0.17 & 0.011 \(\pm\) 0.01 & 15.08 \(\pm\) 0.18 & 0.01 \(\pm\) 0.01 & 31.49 \(\pm\) 1.07 & 0.029 \(\pm\) 0.01 \\ \hline
4. & HIPS Devil Design & 9.44 \(\pm\) 0.03 & 0.014 \(\pm\) 0.01 & 12.73 \(\pm\) 0.32 & 0.02 \(\pm\) 0.01 & 10.83 \(\pm\) 0.17 & 0.366 \(\pm\) 0.01 \\ \hline
5. & TPU & 0.69 \(\pm\) 0.15 & 0.043 \(\pm\) 0.01 & 1.97 \(\pm\) 0.41 & 0.28 \(\pm\) 0.02 & 10.96 \(\pm\) 1.22 & 2.960 \(\pm\) 0.42 \\ \hline
6. & PA+1 SCF & 14.71 \(\pm\) 0.38 & 0.010 \(\pm\) 0.01 & 20.03 \(\pm\) 0.38 & 0.01 \(\pm\) 0.01 & 56.57 \(\pm\) 1.09 & 0.073 \(\pm\) 0.01 \\ \hline
7. & PETG 3 DActive & 18.01 \(\pm\) 0.18 & 0.018 \(\pm\) 0.01 & 22.01 \(\pm\) 0.24 & 0.02 \(\pm\) 0.01 & 43.38 \(\pm\) 0.68 & 0.061 \(\pm\) 0.01 \\ \hline
8. & PLA 3 DActive & 21.95 \(\pm\) 0.17 & 0.014 \(\pm\) 0.01 & 48.89 \(\pm\) 0.89 & 0.03 \(\pm\) 0.01 & 43.89 \(\pm\) 1.16 & 0.110 \(\pm\) 0.02 \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: Mechanical properties obtained from quasi-static tensile testing. Figure 14: Example view of the fracture surface of the PLA 3 DActive sample after the R\({}_{\text{m}}\) tensile strength test. SEM analysis (BSE, accelerating voltage: 15 kV); 40\(\times\) magnification. Figure 16: Example view of the fracture surface of the PET-G 3 DActive sample after the R\({}_{\rm m}\) tensile strength test. SEM analysis (BSE, accelerating voltage: 15 kV); 40\(\times\) magnification. Figure 17: Example view of the fracture surface of the HIPS Devil Design sample after the R\({}_{\rm m}\) tensile strength test. SEM analysis (BSE, accelerating voltage: 15 kV); 40\(\times\) magnification. Red arrow shows change in direction of the crack movement. Figure 15: Example view of the fracture surface of the PET-G Sunlu sample after the R\({}_{\rm m}\) tensile strength test. SEM analysis (BSE, accelerating voltage: 15 kV); 40\(\times\) magnification. The sample visible in Figure 16 is set at an angle in the microscope chamber. A system of faults visible in the surface topography is related to the passage of the crack front from the edge of the sample through the spatially expanded remaining deformation area.