# Influence of Atmospheric Pollutants and Weather Conditions on Agricultural Productivity in Italy
## 5 Conclusions  
The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of pollutants and weather on crops to develop a future agronomic model. The analysis was carried out specifically considering different representative cities of northern, central, and southern Italy: Palermo, Bari, Ferrara, Padua, and Venice, in order to have an overview of the whole nation.  
Using a quadratic regression, it was possible to fit the data well for the development of the one-way variance analysis (ANOVA). The research shows that all crop production is influenced by the presence of pollutants in the atmosphere and by the millimeters of rain, except for the production of durum wheat in Bari, for which the statistical test is always negative. This indicates that no type of variable used influences plant growth and, therefore, the production of durum wheat in the city of Bari.  
For Venice, where there is the production of corn crops, in addition to ozone, sulfur dioxide also seems to influence the development of vegetable growth, but it will be discussed in the future work.  
The study's results emphasize the need to include air quality analysis for agricultural management. While pollutant levels in these Italian cities remain within legal limits, the significant impact of ozone on crop yields indicates that these thresholds might need reconsideration, particularly in agricultural areas. Additionally, the variability in meteorological conditions, especially rainfall, further complicates the relationship between air quality and crop production. These findings suggest that future policies should consider not just the average levels of pollutants but also their variability and interactions with local climate conditions to better protect agricultural productivity.  
Conceptualization, N.L., D.S. and C.L.; methodology, N.L. and D.S.; software, N.L. and C.L.; validation, N.L. and D.S.; formal analysis, N.L.; investigation, D.S.; data curation, N.L. and C.L.; writing--original draft preparation, N.L.; writing--review and editing, N.L., D.S. and C.L.; visualization, D.S.; supervision, D.S.; project administration, D.S. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
This research received no external funding.  
Not applicable.  
Data Availability Statement: Data are available at [[https://discomp.eea.europa.eu/map/fme/AirQualityExport.htm](https://discomp.eea.europa.eu/map/fme/AirQualityExport.htm)]([https://discomp.eea.europa.eu/map/fme/AirQualityExport.htm](https://discomp.eea.europa.eu/map/fme/AirQualityExport.htm)) (accessed on 12 January 2024); [[https://www.ismeamercati.it/flex/cm/pages/ServeBLOB.php/L/IT/IDPagina/2208](https://www.ismeamercati.it/flex/cm/pages/ServeBLOB.php/L/IT/IDPagina/2208)]([https://www.ismeamercati.it/flex/cm/pages/ServeBLOB.php/L/IT/IDPagina/2208](https://www.ismeamercati.it/flex/cm/pages/ServeBLOB.php/L/IT/IDPagina/2208)) (accessed on 12 January 2024); and [https://www.3 bmeteo.com/](https://www.3 bmeteo.com/) (accessed on 12 January 2024).  
The authors are thankful to [PERSON] for her helpful work.  
Authors [PERSON] and [PERSON] were employed by the company Sense Square Srl. The remaining author declares that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.