## 3 Results
### Volatile Compounds
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Ripening Level**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**SEM**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**\(p\) **Value**} & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**Landrace**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**SEM**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**\(p\) **Value**} \\ \cline{5-6} \cline{7-10}  & & & & & **“Cuerno”** & & & & & \\ \hline \multicolumn{2}{c}{_acids_} & & & & & & & & \\ \hline hexanoic acid & 0.40 & 0.23 & 0.09 & ns & 0.54 & 0.15 & 0.26 & 0.11 & ns \\
2-ethylhexanoic acid & 0.40 & 0.25 & 0.10 & ns & 0.46 & 0.12 & 0.37 & 0.12 & ns \\ n-dodecanoic acid & 1.33 & 0.59 & 0.18 & ** & 1.34 & 0.79 & 0.74 & 0.22 & ns \\ octanoic acid & 1.17 & 0.54 & 0.12 & *** & 0.97 & 0.66 & 0.95 & 0.14 & ns \\ nonanoic acid & 3.17 & 1.69 & 0.37 & ** & 2.99 & 1.58 & 2.71 & 0.45 & ns \\ decanoic acid & 0.23 & 0.21 & 0.07 & ns & 0.22 & 0.14 & 0.30 & 0.09 & ns \\ \hline \multicolumn{2}{c}{_alcohols_} & & & & & & & & \\ \hline ethanol & 2.43 & 0.31 & 0.32 & *** & 2.64 \({}^{\text{A}}\) & 1.03 \({}^{\text{B}}\) & 0.43 \({}^{\text{B}}\) & 0.39 & ** \\
2-octen-1-ol (E) & 6.10 & 0.41 & 0.48 & *** & 3.02 & 3.38 & 3.37 & 0.59 & ns \\ cis- 3 nonel-1-ol & 7.42 & 0.08 & 1.44 & *** & 3.73 & 6.09 & 1.43 & 1.76 & ns \\ \hline \multicolumn{2}{c}{_aldehydes_} & & & & & & & & \\ \hline acetic aldehyde & 0.56 & 0.04 & 0.05 & *** & 0.36 & 0.29 & 0.25 & 0.06 & ns \\ pentanal & 0.25 & 0.09 & 0.04 & * & 0.09 & 0.27 & 0.15 & 0.05 & ns \\ hexanal & 2.39 & 0.79 & 0.22 & *** & 1.37 & 1.78 & 1.61 & 0.27 & ns \\ (Z)-4-heptenal & 2.20 & 0.28 & 0.17 & *** & 1.06 & 1.32 & 1.35 & 0.21 & ns \\ nonanal & 2.15 & 0.59 & 0.19 & *** & 1.76 & 1.15 & 1.19 & 0.24 & ns \\ nonenal & 24.30 & 0.72 & 4.41 & *** & 18.05 \({}^{\text{A}}\) & 17.47 \({}^{\text{A}}\) & 2.01 \({}^{\text{B}}\) & 5.40 & * \\ nonadeni & 7.84 & 2.09 & 1.27 & ** & 6.41 & 5.14 & 3.34 & 1.56 & ns \\
2-(trans)-6-(CIS)-al & & & & & & & & & \\ (2E,4E)-2,4- & & & & & & & & & \\ decadien & 1.49 & 0.07 & 0.12 & *** & 0.83 & 0.76 & 0.75 & 0.15 & ns \\ \hline \multicolumn{2}{c}{_alkanes_} & & & & & & & & & \\ \hline
2-2, dimethyldecane & 0.86 & 0.23 & 0.11 & *** & 0.41 & 0.70 & 0.53 & 0.13 & ns \\ n-dodecane & 0.54 & 0.39 & 0.14 & ns & 0.28 & 0.54 & 0.57 & 0.17 & ns \\
3-methyltridecane & 0.13 & 0.01 & 0.06 & ns & 0.00 & 0.19 & 0.02 & 0.07 & ns \\
1-cyclopropylentane & 1.18 & 0.27 & 0.11 & *** & 0.71 & 0.72 & 0.76 & 0.13 & ns \\ \hline \multicolumn{2}{c}{_ketones_} & & & & & & & & \\ \hline
1-penten-3-one & 1.23 & 0.59 & 0.16 & *** & 0.89 & 1.14 & 0.71 & 0.20 & ns \\
4-methyl 2-pentanone & 0.03 & 0.01 & 0.01 & ns & 0.01 & 0.00 & 0.05 & 0.02 & ns \\
2-heptanone & 0.70 & 0.37 & 0.10 & * & 0.31 \({}^{\text{B}}\) & 0.50 \({}^{\text{B}}\) & 0.80 \({}^{\text{A}}\) & 0.12 & * \\ cis-tagetone & 3.23 & 0.23 & 2.00 & ns & 5.15 & 0.04 & 0.00 & 2.78 & ns \\
5,5-dimethyl-1,3- & & & & & & & & \\ dithian-2-one & 6.70 & 2.21 & 0.68 & ** & 1.52 \({}^{\text{B}}\) & 5.66 \({}^{\text{A}}\) & 6.20 \({}^{\text{A}}\) & 0.83 & *** \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: Effect of ripening and landrace on the volatile profile of peppers. A multivariate discriminant analysis was performed to further investigate whether a VOC's signature discriminated the grafted from the ungrafted peppers. Of the 51 VOCs initially detected in peppers, and for both ripening levels, 10 VOCs were retained at the end of the SDA (\(p<0.001\)): 4-methyl-2,3-dihydrofuran, allo-ocimene, nonanal, 2,4,6-trimethylanisole-, cyclosativene, methyl salicate, octanoic acid, nonanoic acid, ethyl hexadecanoate for the green fruit and carbon disulfide, ethanol, pentanal, 2-propyldiene-1-cyclobutene, 2-heptanone, 7-methyl-1-octene, 2-Isobutyl-3-methoxypyrazine, beta-linalool, 5,5-dimethyl-1,3-dithian-2-one, salicylic acid methyl ester for the red fruit. The selected variables had a high discriminant power, with R\({}^{2}\) ranging from 0.57 to 0.30. The CDA was applied to the selected variables which gave significant (\(p<0.01\)) new variables called canonical variables (two canonical variables for the green fruit and one for the red fruit).