## 2 Material and Methods
### Data Collection  
This study assumed a spatial analytical methodology according to the collaboration of \"space syntax\" and GIS methods, to quantitatively explore the spatial growth of the historical core of Famagusta and the evolution of its street networks grid in the way to becoming today's modem city. Mostly the angular segment analysis was selected, which can reflect the characteristics of various sections of the axis. Space syntax utilizes connection graphs taken from the segment maps to excavate the structure of spatial morphological variables and uses the morphological variables computed on this basis to qualify urban spaces quantitatively [21]. The traditional approach of urban morphological study is focused on the structure of urban settlements, and it is mostly from a geographical point of view. In the new field, space syntax offers precision measurements of spatial configuration and is used to study urban morphology from a different perspective. To evaluate the investigation of the study areas, a syntactic analysis was carried out in order to trace the changes using the collected maps. In addition, this study developed a kernel density estimation method for estimating the density of points on the street networks and implement the method in the GIS environment. It intends to show the application of the ordinary two-dimensional kernel method to density estimation on the evolution of the nucleus of the street network. The use of syntactical measures, integration, and choice from syntax analysis allowed us to make a comparison between the two phases of development with the current city form of the historical center of the city. As previously described, space syntax methodology works with two key concepts of centrality-integration and choice (also mentioned as potential to-movement and potential through-movement). When considering results of measures mainly addressed by segment maps (e.g., angular segment analysis), to-and through-movement were associated with basic components of human movement [57],  
Figure 3: Historical periods of urban growths of Famagusta (by authors). to-movement (integration) relating to visitors' movement; and through-movement (choice) relating to inhabitants' movement. This article applies the segment angular analysis--a study in which the metric radius can be used to measure angular turns as a metric boundary. The analysis is useful for finding the main lines that are most relevant to the 'through- and to' movements in the system [29]. In this analysis, two categories of parameters \"integration\" and \"choice\" were interpreted in the case of Famagusta, which estimated the potential movement defined in the literature of space syntax theory. In terms of data collection of this study, the redevelopment maps, projects, analysis, articles, and satellite images were collected as a multi-aspect approach. In addition, as mentioned, the case study method was used to compare the morphological formation of historical core and transformation process during different eras. To study the transformation of urban morphology in Famagusta, secondary data and maps such as base maps and satellite maps from Google Earth (2019) were used for the syntactic and morphological analyses. These maps and documents were analyzed to understand the historical growth and change in urban morphology in Famagusta city. The data included the maps of Famagusta representing the Lusignan period until the current city era. The first historical phase (1192-1489) which is the historical center of the city was located inside the walled city of Famagusta. Six syntactic models were established based on historical maps drawn/published respectively in 1192-1489, 1489-1571, 1571-1878, 1878-1960, 1960-1974, and after 1974 up to today. First, an axial map of the entire city of Famagusta and the walled city was generated. Then, angular integration and choice values were calculated on the generated axial map by using UCL Depthmap 10 software to represent the to-movement and through-movement potential, respectively.