## 1 Introduction
and optimization methods, highlighting their application in managing and controlling microgrids under uncertainty and varying conditions. A particularly interesting aspect of this review is its focus on the statistical comparison of different methods and approaches used in microgrid management. This comparison provides a clear perspective on current developments and trends in the field, allowing researchers to identify critical areas for future research. Similarly, [PERSON] et al. [16] presented a comprehensive review of microgrids' energy management and control strategies. This review analyzed the methodologies and techniques employed for microgrid energy management and control optimization, focusing on recent advances and future challenges. It examined various optimization techniques, from mathematical methods to metaheuristic algorithms, used to maximize operational efficiency and minimize costs in microgrid energy management. It also reviewed real-time control strategies for maintaining system stability, including voltage, frequency, and power control in different microgrid operating scenarios. A distinctive aspect of this review is its focus on the connection between theory and practice. It discusses the influence of IEEE standards 1547 [17], 1547.3 [18], 1547.6 [19], and 2030 [20] on implementing management and control strategies in microgrids. [PERSON] et al. [21] also developed an outstanding review on EMS approaches in microgrids, highlighting classical, heuristic, and intelligent methods to optimize operation and efficiency. They examined energy management methodologies, including classical mathematical programming, metaheuristic algorithms, and artificial intelligence-based techniques. Each approach was discussed in terms of its applicability and effectiveness in different microgrid scenarios. They delved into methods considering multiple objectives such as cost minimization, reliability improvement, and emission reduction, emphasizing the complexity of managing these factors simultaneously. The review also addressed the ancillary infrastructure needed, such as the Internet of Things and smart meters, to effectively implement management strategies in microgrids. These outstanding reviews from the scientific community have pointed out the importance of energy management in microgrids. This compilation also reveals the importance of deepening the integration of the sizing and energy management stages and the definition of the objective function for microgrid energy planning. These stages could be integrated differently, giving rise to many variations in microgrid planning methodology. Addressing this concern, this paper develops a detailed review of the most relevant sizing and energy management strategies for microgrid energy planning and how these techniques could be integrated to address specific objectives. It is intended to guide readers on the energy planning strategy most appropriate for their needs and goals. The methodology employed for this review follows a structured approach to ensure comprehensive coverage of the literature. The primary focus was on the energy planning of microgrids integrating renewable energy sources (RES). The steps taken in this literature review were as follows: (i) Literature search. A thorough search of research articles was conducted using search terms such as \"microgrid energy planning\", \"renewable integration in microgrids\", \"microgrid sizing methodologies\", and \"energy management in microgrids\". (ii) Selection criteria. The articles selected for review were chosen based on their relevance to microgrid energy planning, specifically focusing on integrating RES, sizing methodologies, and energy management strategies. Only peer-reviewed articles, high-quality conference papers, and doctoral theses published in the last decade were considered. (iii) Identification of key methodologies. The main microgrid sizing and energy management methodologies were identified and categorized.