## 1 Introduction
This observed asymmetry undermines the notion of a strictly genetic etiology and suggests the involvement of additional environmental or local factors in the pathogenesis [2; 7]. There is substantial evidence indicating that spontaneous alterations in the eruption path of the maxillary canine can occur as a result of changes in environmental conditions. Both the guidance theory and the genetic theory acknowledge that certain genetically influenced conditions, such as congenitally missing, peg-shaped, or undersized lateral incisors, spaced dentitions, and delayed dental development, are associated with the etiology of palatal displacement of the maxillary canine. The primary divergence between the two theories concerns their interpretation of the underlying etiological mechanism. The genetic theory posits that the palatal displacement of the canine is itself a genetically determined trait, representing one manifestation within a broader spectrum of genetically linked dental anomalies. In contrast, the guidance theory asserts that these traits constitute a genetically influenced environment that, by depriving the developing canine of its normal eruptive guide, predisposes it to deviate from its physiological eruption path [4]. Based on the aforementioned evidence, it appears that the eruption pathway of the palatally displaced canine is not primarily under direct genetic control in most cases [4]. An early diagnosis of ectopic eruption is essential for implementing preventive measures: the extraction of primary canines and/or creating space with the expansion of the upper dental arch [8]. A variety of management strategies for palatally impacted maxillary canines have been described in the literature. Among these, the most widely adopted approach is a combined surgical-orthodontic protocol, which entails the surgical exposure of the impacted tooth followed by its guided orthodontic eruption into the dental arch. Two principal surgical techniques are employed to achieve exposure of the palatally impacted canine: the open technique and the closed technique. The open technique involves the excision of the overlying palatal mucosa, thereby leaving the crown of the impacted tooth exposed to the oral environment. In contrast, the closed technique consists of raising a full-thickness mucoperiosteal flap to access the impacted tooth, after which an attachment is bonded to the crown and the flap is repositioned and sutured. This method facilitates the orthodontic traction of the tooth through a biologically favorable environment, ensuring eruption through an adequate band of keratinized gingiva, which is critical for long-term periodontal health [9; 10]. In addition to conventional surgical techniques, the use of laser surgery has been proposed by numerous authors as a viable alternative to the traditional cold blade approach in dentistry. Laser-assisted procedures with high intensity laser therapy (HILT) offer several clinical advantages, including enhanced visibility of the surgical field, improved hemostasis, and greater precision in the management of delicate soft tissues. These benefits are particularly valuable in anatomically challenging or limited-access areas. As a result, laser surgery has increasingly gained acceptance and is currently employed by some clinicians as the preferred method for soft tissue management in the exposure of impacted teeth [8; 9; 10]. The primary indication for HILT in orthodontics pertains to soft tissue procedures, including gingivectomy, freenctomy, and fiberotomy [11]. Furthermore, lasers used for biostimulatory purposes--specifically for promoting regenerative and healing processes--are classified as low-level laser therapy (LLLT) devices and operate at power outputs below 500 milliwatts [11]. Different authors [12; 13; 14] studied the effectiveness of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT), performed with a low-level intensity laser, on different orthodontic applications.