esa-sceva/satcom-chunk-collection huggingface dataset:
# Experimental Verification of the Dynamic Model of Turbine Blades Coupled by a Sealing Strip
## 3 The Experimental Results
### Blades without Strip  
The stepped sine tests are carried out by controlling amplitude and phase of the excitation. Two consecutive tests are carried out by exciting the blades first in phase (IP) and then in out of phase (OOP). The four frequency response functions (FRFs) are depicted in Figure 2(a). The black curves refer to blade 1 and the red curves to blade 2. For each blade, \(\mathrm{FRF_{IP}}\) and \(\mathrm{FRF_{OOP}}\) are the FRFs detected with the excitation respectively in \"in phase\" (IP) and \"out of phase\" (OOP). It can be seen that the FRFs of blade 2 and the FRFs of blade 1 are not overlapped, as blade 1 is not perfectly equal to blade 2. It is also observed that the two blades are very well isolated from one another since, in the frequency response of one blade, the contribution of the resonance of the other blade is practically negligible. This result indicates that the clamping constraint on the blades' base offered by the hydraulic machine is appropriate.  
For each blade, the peak detected in IP and the peak detected in OOP are at the same frequency. Hence, as expected for two uncoupled blades, the natural frequency of the IP and OOP modes is the same.  
One concern in using the compressed air to load the strip against the blades was that the flux coming from the strip loading system could somehow influence the dynamics of the blades by introducing stiffness and, above all, damping. A rigid strip is then held \(\approx\)1 mm above the air box cover  
Figure 2: **(a)** scheme of the blades with the compressed air loading system; (b) close up on the strip loaded by the compressed air.  
(not in contact with the blades) and the compressed air system turned on. In this way, a compressed air flux is introduced in the system without pushing the strip in contact with the blades. The FRFs of the system were recorded in this condition and then compared to those obtained without the compressed air flux. The comparison for IP excitation is depicted in Figure 3b. It can be seen that the FRFs without and with air overlap. It can therefore be concluded that the compressed air flux does not influence the blades' dynamics in terms of natural frequency. A minimum effect can be noticed on the peaks' amplitude: the amplitude is slightly lower when the compressed air is turned on. This effect is so small that the damping introduced by the compressed air on the blades can be considered negligible, especially if compared to the effect of the strip (see Section 3.2).
# A Notched Long-Period Fiber Grating Magnetic Field Sensor Based on Nanoparticle Magnetic Fluid
###### Abstract  
In this paper, we propose using an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) etching technique to fabricate a notched long-period fiber grating (NLPFG) for magnetic sensing application. An optical fiber magnetic field sensor based on NLPFG filled with nanoparticle magnetic fluid is proposed and demonstrated. The magnetic fluid nanoparticles were attached on the grating structure section and used as a magneto-optical sensing layer to measure magnetic flux density. The external applied magnetic flux density ranged from 0 to 27.74 mT. As the magnetic flux density was increased, the spectra of the NLPFG were changed. The resonant wavelength of the attenuation band did not shift obviously, but the transmission loss of the resonant dip was increased by 3.48 dB from \(-\)19.41 dB to \(-\)15.93 dB. The experimental results indicated that the sensitivity of the sensor is approximately 0.125 dB/mT.  
magnetic field; notched long-period fiber grating; magnetic fluid +
Footnote †: journal: Applied Physics Letters
###### Abstract  
Designing microwave filters with high selectivity and sharp roll-off between the stop and pass bands can be challenging due to the complex nature of the R.F. signals and the requirements for achieving high performance in a limited physical space. To achieve a high selectivity and sharp roll-off rate, this paper presents a compact filter with a triple passband response. The two different passbands at 1.57 GHz and 3.5 GHz are achieved using a step impedance resonator (SIR) with metallic slots perturbation added to the lower corner of the high impedance section of the SIRs, which helps to enhance the filter's selectivity and size reduction greatly. The embedded L-shaped structure originates a third passband at 4.23 GHz, resulting in a triband response with eight transmission zeros below and above the passbands at 1.22/1.42/1.98/3.18/3.82/3.98/4.38/4.53 GHz, respectively. The prototype has low signal attenuation of <1.2 dB and high signal reflection of >25 dB for the three passbands. The fractional bandwidths achieved are 2.54%, 4.2%, and 1.65% at 1.57/3.57/4.23 GHz, respectively, with rejection levels in the stopband greater than 15 dB. Lastly, the structure is fabricated on RO-4350B PCB and observed good matching between experimental and measured results. This demonstrates that the prototype can be successfully implemented in real-world applications such as GPS, WiMAX, and Satellite systems. The area occupied by the filter on a substrate or in a circuit is 0.31 \(\lambda_{\mathrm{g}}\times 0.24\)\(\lambda_{\mathrm{g}}\), where \(\lambda_{\mathrm{g}}\) is the guided wavelength of the material calculated at the lowest frequency.  
L-shaped resonator; triband filter; transmission zeros; wireless applications +
Footnote †: journal:  
00 2023
## 2 Materials and Methods
### R-G-NIR Digital Imaging  
A digital commercial camera, Canon Powershot SX260 HS (Canon USA Inc., Huntington, NY, USA), including a 12-megapixel backlit complementary metal oxide semiconductor-CMOS sensor, was used in order to capture images that later had the red (R), green (G), and near infrared (NIR) values extracted. This type of camera used a blue-blocking filter and created a NIR-green-red digital image, which was processed by a suitable software (Mutispec v4.4, 2015) and the R, G, and NIR values of the selected sections were extracted. The light conditions and tuber distance were similar as described above. Two sections at two opposite areas around the equatorial diameter of each potato tuber covering \(>75\%\) of the area were selected and an average for each tuber was calculated. The calibration was performed similarly to RGB images, but in this case, the equation was R = (NIR - Bl)/(W - Bl), where NIR is the raw NIR image, and Bl and W are the signals for black and white references, respectively.
## 5 Conclusions  
The objective of this investigation was to enhance the functionality of mesoporous bioactive glasses (MBGs) by incorporating metallic ions, specifically silver (Ag), cerium (Ce), and a combination of Ag and Ce, using the spray pyrolysis technique. This study sought to assess the efficacy of modified MBG particles in addressing bone deformities and bacterial infections in bone repair procedures. It was observed that both 5.75 mol% Ag-doped MBGs and Ag-Ce co-doped MBGs exhibited potent antibacterial properties, effectively eliminating 100% of _E. coli_ bacteria after a 24 h incubation period. This finding is particularly significant in the context of bone surgeries, where infections pose critical concerns. Although the antibacterial activity of Ce-doped MBGs was comparatively lower than that of Ag-doped MBGs, further investigation is warranted. The selection of Ag and Ce as metallic ions was based on their known osteogenic properties, which contribute to the enhanced bioactivity of MBGs. Furthermore, the MBGs demonstrated mesoporous and high reactivity in simulated body fluid (SBF), promoting the formation of a hydroxyapatite layer that resembles bone. In terms of biocompatibility, all MBG compositions, with the exception of the 5.75 mol% Ag-doped MBG, exhibited high compatibility with MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts at a concentration of 100 \(\mu\)g/mL.  
Conceptualization, S.-J.S.; methodology, M.B.T.; validation, S.-J.S. and H.S.N.; formal analysis, M.B.T. and H.S.N.; investigation, M.B.T.; data curation, M.B.T.; writing--original draft preparation, S.-J.S., M.B.T. and H.S.N.; writing--review and editing, S.-J.S. and H.S.N.; supervision, S.-J.S.; project administration and funding acquisition, S.-J.S. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
**Funding:** This work was funded by the National Science and Technology Council of Taiwan (grants numbers of NSTC 111-2221-E-011-117- and 112-2221-E-011-040-).  
**Institutional Review Board Statement:** Not applicable.  
**Informed Consent Statement:** Not applicable.  
**Data Availability Statement:** All datasets are publicly available.  
**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
## 4 Verification Experiment Results and Analysis  
### Hardware-In-The-Loop Experiment Platform Architecture  
The hardware-in-the-loop (HiL) system used the simulation software Prescan and robot operating system (ROS). Prescan running on the host was used to build a simulation environment run in real-time. Prescan is widely used in physical simulation application platforms for automotive advanced assisted driving and autonomous driving systems. The tested machine employs a robot operating system, which has powerful functions, numerous interfaces, and strong portability, and has become a key tool for intelligent vehicle development.  
An interface diagram of the HiL platform is shown in Figure 5. Prescan creates a simulated vehicle and simulates the characteristics of the controlled vehicle. The state variables \(X\), \(Y\), and \(\theta\) are transmitted to the tested machine through the CAN bus. The software for the intelligent vehicle MPC trajectory tracking controller for is developed in C++. Real-time communication between the host and tested machine was carried out through the ROS bus and CAN bus.  
For the hardware-in-the-loop experiment, an intelligent vehicle in Prescan was selected as the experiment object, and a two-degrees-of-freedom kinematic model was employed in the vehicle configuration. The vehicle kinematic model includes an engine, transmission, chassis, shift logic, and switching between automatic and manual shifting. Vehicle parameters like mass and wheelbase can be modified in the object configuration dialog. In this experiment, we  
Figure 4: Frequency distribution histogram of mean square error.  
Figure 5: Interface diagram of the hardware-in-the-loop platform.  
Figure 3: Experiment result.  
throttle, and brake press as the inputs and set auto gear shifting to 1. The output of the vehicle kinematic model will be published on the Prescan bus.
# JSON Schemas with Semantic Annotations Supporting Data Translation
## 3 Arrowhead Framework and TAG-Tool
The tag-tool is a semantic interoperability-focused tool that is capable of enabling the communication between semantically compatible and syntactically incompatible XML providers and consumers. It gives them syntactical interoperability through a generated XSLT translator, based on its metadata with semantic annotations to a reference ontology [4]. The execution of this tool is described in [5] and follows the architecture described in Figure 3.  
An up-to-date overview of the annotation rules that allows for a smooth behavior of this translation tool prototype was proposed in [33] and should be followed to ensure the success of provider-consumer translations. Figure 3: System architecture. Figure 2: A translator supporting the interaction between heterogeneous applications services. Considering that systems (application services) often exchange JSON messages and that the TAG-Tool, as previously described, only supports interoperability between systems that exchange XML messages, our proposals enable the TAG-Tool to support the interaction between systems that exchange messages in these two different data formats (JSON and XML). The possibility to introduce semantic annotations in the JSON Schemas, which feeds the extended TAG-Tool, provides the required semantic information about the JSON messages that are sent and expected to be received to automatically generate the required message translators. Given that the TAG-Tool already supported the translation between heterogeneous XML messages based on XML Schemas and that the goal was to support the translation between both XML and JSON heterogeneous messages, a set of translation algorithms are proposed in this paper. These algorithms enable translations from JSON Schema to XML Schema, JSON to XML, and XML to JSON. The JSON Schema to XML Schema translator was created considering the proposed annotation method for JSON Schemas and the annotated XML Schemas required by the TAG-Tool. The JSON to XML and XML to JSON translator algorithms were created to ensure that the translated messages are compliant with their schemas. For example, in many of the available XML to JSON translators, JSON values are always written within quotes since there is no reference to what the XML element datatype is, whereas the proposed algorithm generates translators based on the associated JSON Schemas, writing JSON values with or without quotes based on their data types, which are specified in the schemas. It is important to note that our proposals (the annotation mechanism and algorithms) may have a broader application, beyond the TAG-Tool or Arrowhead Framework environment.
## 3 Results and Discussion
### Flavones  
Five flavones (compounds **10-16**) were detected in this study with negative ionization mode. Compound **10** was characterized as diosmin (C\({}_{28}\)H\({}_{32}\)O\({}_{15}\)) at \(m/z\) 607.1697 in fennel, fenugreek, basil, and mint leaves [64]. With its potent antioxidant properties, inflammation and oxidative stress can be reduced by diosmin, potentially lowering the risk of chronic diseases, for instance, heart disease, cancer, and diabetes. Additionally, diosmin has been shown to have advantageous effects on venous and skin health and analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects [65]. Compound **11** (apigenin 6,8-di-C-glucose, \(m/z\) 593.1525) was identified in fenugreek, coriander, mint, and basil leaves. Compound **12** (\(m/z\) 577.1524) was putatively recognized as rhoifolin in the negative mode in basil, fenugreek, and mint leaves extract [66]. Rhoifolin's unique health benefits include reducing inflammation, protecting against cardiovascular diseases, improving cognitive function, and aiding in the prevention and treatment of cancer [67]. It has also been found to have potential therapeutic effects in diabetes and skin disorders. Some studies also suggested its potential to improve liver function, alleviate symptoms of allergies, and have a protective effect on the skin, as well as anti-inflammatory effects. Compound **13** was identified in fennel, fenugreek, and mint leaves with a precursor ion at [M\(-\)H]\({}^{-}\)\(m/z\) 445.0740 and was designated as (apigenin 7-O-glucuron--C\({}_{21}\)H\({}_{18}\)O\({}_{11}\)) [68; 69]. Compound **14** was identified at \(m/z\) 431.1001 and 431.0983 in negative mode as well as tentatively categorized as apigenin 6-C-glucose in fenugreek leaves extract only. Compound **15** with [M\(-\)H]\({}^{-}\) at m/z 461.1085 was putatively designated as chrysoroeriod 7-O-glucose, which was detected in only fennel, fenugreek and basil leaves. Cirsilineol (compound **16**, C\({}_{18}\)H\({}_{16}\)O\({}_{7}\)) was only tentatively known at \(m/z\) 343.0802 in negative ionization mode in fennel seeds. Cirsilineol is a flavone found in several plants, including the popular herb thyme. This compound has been found to have numerous possible health advantages, for instance antioxidant, anti-inflammatory as well as antimicrobial properties [70]. Cirsilineol has been demonstrated to lessen inflammation in the body, which may aid in lowering the chance of developing chronic illnesses, including cancer and cardiovascular disease. Some studies have suggested that crsilineol acts as a natural insecticide and exhibits nootropic effects, which means it may help enhance cognitive function.
# A Multi-Dimension Spatial Method for Topology Awareness and Multipath Generating
## 5 Evaluation and Analysis  
We evaluate the performance of the Multi-Dimension Spatial Method (MDSM) in SDSON on OMNeT++ simulation platform. Based on the basic bearing networks provided by INet, we implement the function modules of SDSON on the application-level overlay networks. The main network entities of SDSON are Relay Server, User Agent and Relay Controller and they are implemented as function modules on the application layers. For the purpose of extensively evaluating the performance of improving the accuracy of topology awareness and enhancing PD using MDSM in SDSON, we build the underlay bearing network with two approaches: (i) the underlay bearing networks are generated using topology tool BRITE [25] and (ii) we bring the backbone networks of the practically deployed bearing networks to the simulation platform.  
(i) We use BRITE to generate the underlay bearing networks with scale-free feature. While generating the bearing network topology, we use the same connection strategy on both autonomous systems and router levels, i.e., the scale-free feature for connections between routers and the relations between autonomous systems comply with the scale-free feature. The scale-free underlay network is shown in Figure 5. The rectangle nodes represent the routers, and the nodes with the same colour are routers in the same autonomous systems. Relay Servers access the bearing networks by connecting to the routers in bearing networks. For simplicity, the topology of underlay bearing networks could approximately represent the overlay network.  
(ii) We bring backbone topologies of bearing networks from three Internet Service Providers in China, namely, ChinaNet, CMNet, and UNINet and to OMNet++, and the router nodes and connections are referring to their practical deployments. The backbone topology of underlay bearing networks from the one provided is depicted in Figure 6a. The combination of two backbone topologies are depicted in Figure 6b. The exchange points of different backbone topology are connected with bold links. Relay Servers are connected to access routers.
## 3 Stability Concepts
### Four-Stability  
We introduce the notion of four-stability: it is kind of similar to three-stability, but while a double dominated contract, \(e\), can belong to both \(A\) and \(B\) in the three-stable sometimes, now, we put \(e\) in a fourth contract-set. Therefore, while three-stability is a more natural definition, four-stability has nicer properties and is more useful, because it is closely related to score-stability. Moreover, for path-independent choice functions, for any four-stable set, the corresponding \((A,B)\) pair is unique.  
**Definition 11**.: The choice functions of the two sides of the market are \(F\) and \(G\). Subset \(S\) of \(E\) is _four-stable_, if there exists subsets \(A\) and \(B\) of \(E\), such that \(F(A)=S=G(B)\) and \(A\cap B=S\) and \(\mathcal{D}_{F}(A)=E\setminus B,\mathcal{D}_{G}(B)=E\setminus A\).  
This concept is called four-stable because we partition the set \(E\) of contracts into four parts, as seen in Figure 3: \(S\) is stable; \(A\setminus S\) is \(F\)-dominated by S; \(B\setminus S\) is \(G\)-dominated by \(S\); and the contracts in \(E\setminus(A\cup B)\) are both \(F\)- and \(G\)-dominated.  
**Example 7**.: _We consider the same example as for three-stability: There are two possible contracts, \(a\) and \(b\), and \(F=Q_{1}\), \(G=Q_{1}\). Now, there are three four-stable solutions: \(S=\emptyset\), where \(A=\{a,b\}\), \(B=\emptyset\) or \(A=\emptyset\), \(B=\{a,b\}\) \(S=\{a\}\), \(A=\{a\},B=\{a\}\) \(S=\{b\},A=\{b\},B=\{b\}\)_  
**Remark 3**.: _If \(F\) and \(G\) are substitutable choice functions and \(S\) is three-stable or four-stable, then \(F(S)=S=G(S)\)._  
Proof.: Since \(F(A)=S\) and \(\overline{F}(S)\subseteq\overline{F}(A)=A\setminus S\), \(F(S)=S\). Similarly, \(G(B)=S\) implies \(G(S)=S\).  
**Statement 3**.: _If \(F\) and \(G\) are substitutable and \(F\) is path independent, then for a four-stable set, \(S\), there exists a unique \((A,B)\) pair._
## 3 Results and Discussions
### Results and Discussions of Trajectory Prediction for Descent Phase  
In this section, several experiments are conducted to predict the flight trajectory during its descent from 8100 to 7500 m. In this section, the Kalman-based approach is not optimized for the prediction due to its state transition rules. The prediction errors of the flight time and trajectory are reported in Figure 12. The A-FTP is achieved by two steps: predicting the altitude and the flight time, and its horizontal trajectory. As can be seen from the results, GP-based approaches obtain higher accuracy (both altitude, flight time and horizontal trajectory) compared to the KDA approach since the learning mechanism considers the real operational patterns from historical trajectories. In practice, since the flight climb or descent cannot affect passenger' comfort, the climb or descent rate of the aircraft  
Figure 11: Cls (95%) of the predicted trajectory for flight turn (up: X dimension; down: Y dimension).  
is moderate and basically remains a constant one. The fact of the climb or descent rate enhances the predictability of the flight trajectory, which benefits the final accuracy. As can be proven by the experimental results (Figure 13), the real flight time regarding to the flight altitude appears to be a striking regularity and almost all of them locate in the predicted CI. Based on the predicted flight time and altitude, the horizontal trajectory can be obtained by applying the proposed F-FTP approach.
## 3 Risk Assessment-Based Dynamic Access Model  
The main scheme of the dynamic access model for risk assessment proposed in this paper is shown in Figure 1.  
This solution mainly includes three core modules: detection based on policy rules, risk assessment of requests, and comprehensive decision-making. The detection module based on policy rules performs static rule-based judgment on the access request _req_, and outputs the result \(M\). The request risk assessment calculates the risk assessment value \(R\) that the current request may pose a threat to the system according to the input object environment information _env_, resource information res, and access request _req_. The comprehensive decision-making module makes the final access control result \(H\) according to the fusion decision of \(R\) and \(M\). Wherein the object environment information _env_ refers to the current environment attributes of the system, and the resource information res refers to the resource status requested to be accessed.