## 2 Shaking Table Test with Scaled Model and Verification Analysis
### Verification Analysis  
For comparison between the scaled model test and the analysis, a seismic analysis was performed with the structural analysis model shown in Figure 4 using Abaqus. In the analysis, the acrylic tank was modeled by applying an 8-node solid element (C3D8R), and the fluid was modeled by applying a continuum particle element (PC3D). The continuum particle element is a one-node element, having the solid characteristic of a three-DOF system and developed for the analysis of phenomena that cause extreme deformation, such as fluid flow or structure collapse. The material properties of the acrylic tank were determined based on the research of [PERSON] et al. (2020), and the unit weight, elastic modulus, \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**h/B**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Type**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Experiment**} \\ \cline{3-5}  & & **Height (mm)** & **Ratio (\%)** & **Time (s)** \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{0.40} & Max. & 308.0 & 154.0 & \multirow{2}{*}{6.000} \\ \cline{2-5}  & Min. & 168.0 & 84.0 & \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{0.25} & Max. & 247.0 & 198.0 & \multirow{2}{*}{6.020} \\ \cline{2-5}  & Min. & 95.0 & 76.0 & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Results summary of the scaled model shaking table test. Figure 3: Shaking table test result for the scaled model. and [PERSON]'s ratio of the fluid and acrylic tank are as shown in Table 2. A linear Us-Up Hugoniot was used for the linear equation of state to determine the fluid flow characteristics (Abaqus/Analysis User's Guide Volume III, Materials 2014), and it can be expressed as Equation (1). The parameters applied to the linear equation are shown in Table 2.  
\[u_{s}=C_{0}+S_{1}U_{p} \tag{1}\]  
where \(C_{0}\) and \(S_{1}\) define the linear relationship between the linear shock velocity, and \(U_{p}\) is the particle velocity. The maximum and minimum sloshing height and occurrence time of the fluid water surface obtained from the experiment and analysis are compared and shown in Figure 5 and Table 3. When the ratio of the fluid height and the width of the fluid storage structure (h/B) was 0.40, the time for the maximum sloshing height to occur was 6.000 s in the experiment and 6.020 s van the analysis. It was confirmed that the maximum sloshing height by the experiment and analysis occurred at almost the same time. When h/B was 0.25, the time for the maximum sloshing height to occur was 6.020 s in the experiment and analysis. When h/B was 0.40, the maximum sloshing height of the water surface occurred at 308.0 mm in the experiment and 317.0 mm in the analysis, confirming that the error between the experiment and the analysis was 2.839%. In addition, the minimum sloshing height of the water surface occurred at 168.0 mm in the experiment and 160.0 mm in the analysis, confirming that the error between the experiment and the analysis was 5.0%. When h/B was 0.25, the maximum sloshing height of the water surface was 247.0 mm in the experiment and 249.0 mm in the analysis, confirming that the error between the experiment and the analysis was 0.810%. In addition, the minimum sloshing height of the water surface was 95.0 mm in the experiment and 97.0 mm in the analysis, confirming that the error between the experiment and analysis was 5.0%. Based on the above results, it was confirmed that \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Model** & **Type** & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Material Properties**} \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Acrylic} & \multirow{3}{*}{C3D8R} & Density & 1180.00 kg/m\({}^{3}\) \\ \cline{3-4}  & & Elasticity & 3000.00 MPa \\ \cline{3-4}  & & Poisson’s Ratio & 0.35 \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Water} & \multirow{3}{*}{PC3D} & Density & 1000.00 kg/m\({}^{3}\) \\ \cline{3-4}  & & Bulk Modulus & 2150.00 MPa \\ \cline{3-4}  & & Speed of Sound & 1467.00 m/s \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Summary of elements and materials applied to validation analysis. Figure 4: Finite element model for validation analysis.