## 3 Results
### Responses of GPP to the CHD Events  
Figure 2c shows the anomalies in average GPP during the JAS period in the YRB from 2000 to 2022. In 2022, when the most intense extreme drought and heatwave occurred, the reduction in GPP was the most intensified, with amplitudes of \(-0.37\) gC m\({}^{-2}\) day\({}^{-1}\) and \(-0.57\) gC m\({}^{-2}\) day\({}^{-1}\) for GPP\({}_{\rm{GOSIF}}\) and GPP\({}_{\rm{FluxSat}}\), respectively. In 2003, the reduction in GPP was much smaller compared to 2022, with values of \(-0.01\) gC m\({}^{-2}\) day\({}^{-1}\) and \(-0.16\) gC m\({}^{-2}\) day\({}^{-1}\) for GPP\({}_{\rm{GOSIF}}\) and GPP\({}_{\rm{FluxSat}}\), respectively. In contrast, the GPP in 2013 showed an opposite signal, with a slight increase of 0.07 gC m\({}^{-2}\) day\({}^{-1}\) and \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Variables** & **Year** & **All** & **EF** & **DF** & **MF** & **Shrubs** & **Crops** \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{T2m} & 2003 & 0.68/1.37 & 1.47/2.30 & 0.07/0.19 & 0.72/1.52 & 0.82/1.56 & 0.23/0.46 \\  & 2013 & 0.61/1.23 & 0.06/0.10 & 0.60/1.49 & 0.50/1.05 & 0.56/1.07 & 0.89/1.77 \\  & 2022 & 1.33/2.69 & 1.11/1.73 & 1.08/2.69 & 1.20/2.51 & 1.32/2.51 & 1.49/2.96 \\  & 2003 & \(-1.39/-1.05\) & \(-4.51/-2.58\) & 1.12/1.03 & \(-1.52/-1.57\) & \(-1.99/-1.49\) & 0.40/0.20 \\ \multirow{3}{*}{SM} & 2013 & \(-2.10/-1.59\) & \(-0.72/-0.41\) & \(-0.42/-0.39\) & \(-1.86/-1.93\) & \(-2.09/-1.57\) & \(-2.78/-1.39\) \\  & 2022 & \(-5.26/-3.98\) & \(-4.82/-2.77\) & \(-35.3/-3.27\) & \(-4.31/-4.47\) & \(-5.04/-3.77\) & \(-6.30/-3.15\) \\  & 2003 & 0.83/0.98 & \(3.20/-2.65\) & \(-0.67/-1.34\) & 0.79/1.25 & 1.15/1.25 & \(-0.26/-0.26\) \\ \multirow{3}{*}{VPD} & 2013 & 1.96/2.30 & 1.05/0.87 & 0.64/1.29 & 1.45/2.30 & 2.03/2.21 & 2.40/2.37 \\  & 2022 & 3.84/4.50 & 3.92/3.24 & 1.85/3.74 & 2.84/4.52 & 3.81/4.15 & 4.40/4.33 \\ \multirow{3}{*}{DSR} & 2003 & \(-1.02/-0.11\) & 11.27/0.84 & \(-12.02/-1.03\) & \(-1.19/-0.14\) & 1.29/0.14 & \(-7.65/-0.78\) \\  & 2013 & 13.38/1.49 & 9.30/0.69 & 20.70/1.78 & 14.82/1.69 & 12.63/1.35 & 14.68/1.50 \\ \multirow{3}{*}{GPP\({}_{\rm{GOSIF}}\)} & 2022 & 21.27/2.37 & 27.74/2.07 & 11.30/0.97 & 20.12/2.29 & 22.67/2.43 & 18.17/1.86 \\  & 2003 & \(-0.09/-0.07\) & 1.43/1.01 & 0.11/0.04 & 0.82/0.65 & 0.17/0.14 & \(-1.31/-0.75\) \\ \multirow{3}{*}{GPP\({}_{\rm{GOSIF}}\)} & 2013 & 0.67/0.55 & 1.62/1.14 & \(-0.21/-0.08\) & 0.80/0.64 & 0.46/0.37 & 0.88/0.50 \\  & 2022 & \(-3.71/-3.05\) & \(-2.96/-2.09\) & \(-3.31/-1.28\) & \(-1.07/-0.85\) & \(-4.07/-3.26\) & \(-4.08/-2.30\) \\ \multirow{3}{*}{GPP\({}_{\rm{FluxSat}}\)} & 2003 & \(-1.58/-1.67\) & \(-1.58/-1.22\) & \(-0.01/-0.01\) & \(-0.55/-0.52\) & \(-1.02/-0.88\) & \(-3.17/-2.10\) \\  & 2013 & 0.86/0.91 & \(-0.12/0.09\) & 1.60/0.98 & 0.15/0.14 & 0.55/0.47 & 1.87/1.24 \\ \multirow{3}{*}{EP\({}_{\rm{FluxSat}}\)} & 2022 & \(-5.66/-5.97\) & \(-6.64/-5.14\) & \(-2.50/-1.53\) & \(-4.95/-4.74\) & \(-6.33/-5.41\) & \(-4.66/-3.09\) \\  & 2003 & \(-0.88/-1.20\) & \(-0.09/-0.11\) & \(-0.68/-0.63\) & 0.32/0.39 & \(-0.75/-1.00\) & \(-1.76/-1.72\) \\ \multirow{3}{*}{EVIMODIS} & 2013 & \(-0.19/-0.26\) & \(-0.40/-0.46\) & 0.43/0.40 & \(-0.16/-0.20\) & \(-0.30/-0.40\) & \(0.00/0.00\) \\  & 2022 & \(-2.42/-3.30\) & \(-3.16/-3.57\) & \(-1.67/-1.55\) & \(-0.80/-0.97\) & \(-2.49/-3.35\) & \(-2.67/-2.60\) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Anomalies in climatic and vegetation-related variables for the three CHD years: 2003, 2013, and 2022. The climatic variables include 2 m air temperature (T2m, units: K), soil moisture (SM, units: \(10^{-2}\) m\({}^{-3}\) m\({}^{-3}\)), vapor pressure deficit (VPD, units: hPa), and downward solar radiation (DSR, units: W m\({}^{-2}\)), while vegetation-related variables include GPP (units: \(10^{-1}\) gC m\({}^{-2}\) day\({}^{-1}\)) and EVI (units: \(10^{-2}\)). The numbers before the solidus are the absolute anomalies and the numbers after the solidus are the relative changes in units of one standard deviation.