# Systematic Review on the Use of CCPM in Project Management: Empirical Applications and Trends
## 3 Results
The next article examined the relationship between adherence to CCPM practices and the performance of new product development and portfolio management in 79 innovative Brazilian companies. The results indicate that managers using CCPM concepts strive for high performance in both portfolio and project management [21]. The next research, supported by modeling and simulation, proposes an algorithm for scheduling multi-project activities. For this scheduling, a dynamic buffer definition was applied according to the risk and uncertainty of the activity [27]. The next study presents a theoretical model that combines part of the CCPM and the traditional value-added technique for software development projects. The method controlled the project schedule at external and internal levels, improving the accuracy and flexibility of activity duration monitoring [28]. The eighth article evaluated suggests a method supported with simulation results, in which the design is based on the integration of six modules: uncertainty and defuzzification module, using fuzzy set theory; schedule calculations module and the integration of the linear programming method (LSM) and CCPM; cost calculations module, which considers direct and indirect costs, penalty for delay, and expense of work interruptions; multi-objective optimization module, using a genetic algorithm (GA) as software; module for identifying multiple critical sequences and schedule buffers; and reporting module. The simulation results indicate that, for duration optimization using fuzzy inputs without interruptions or the addition of buffers, the duration and cost generated by the method developed are found in 90% of other studies, and, for project lead time, they present results better than 93% of those reported in the literature [29]. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline  & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Study Objective**} \\ \cline{2-4}
**Application** & **Cost Reduction** & **Reduction in** & **Risk Reduction** \\  & & **Project Time** & **and Monitoring** \\ \hline Construction & 1 & 6 & 3 \\ Road construction & - & - & 1 \\ Energy industry & - & 1 & 2 \\ IT projects & - & 3 & 1 \\ Manufacturing industry & - & 5 & - \\ No application & 1 & 10 & 17 \\ Aircraft maintenance & - & 1 & - \\ Oil and gas projects & - & 1 & - \\ Sustainable projects & - & - & 1 \\ Aircraft manufacturing & - & 1 & - \\ Total & 3 & 29 & 30 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: Relationship between the application area and study objective. The next research highlights a multi-objective optimization method for minimizing time, cost, and work interruptions in repetitive programming, while considering uncertainties associated with different input parameters, and applies it to information technology projects. Using Critical Chain and strategic buffers with the application of empirical data, the model generated a reduction in lead time from 80 to 76.5 days [17]. In the study developed with modeling and simulation support, different priority levels of activities were used to define the Critical Chain of events in projects. The main results of the computational experiments include the non-negligible impact of different Critical Chain sequences on project robustness measures; the appropriate level of feed buffer sizes; and the trade-off between different reactive responses regarding cost factors or management preferences [30]. The conference paper proposes a change in concept to fragment the buffer at the end of the project within the chain. The model was simulated with empirical data and represented a reduction in lead time from 209 to 185 days (11.5%) [31]. In the twelfth study evaluated, modeling and simulation were applied, and resource availability was treated as a random variable, incorporating reliability into resources and variability into buffers.