# Large Language Models in Computer Science Classrooms: Ethical Challenges and Strategic Solutions
## 5 Tools and Strategies for Ensuring Academic Integrity
### Practical Methods to Encourage Original Work  
In this section, we propose practical suggestions for exercises and challenges designed to incentivize students to work independently and originally. These methods include strategies for exercise formulation, monitoring the problem-solving process, and innovative assessment techniques to ensure originality and discourage reliance on external assistance. **Unique Assignment Design:** In order to reduce the option to rely on AI content in programming, tasks on extremely unique and uncommon topics with highly specific requirements may be assigned. In such instances, as ChatGPT relies on information available on the Internet--which may be limited regarding this particular topic--it may provide the wrong solution or, alternatively, provide one uniform response. Consequently, multiple responses that exhibit a high level of uniformity strongly suggest a high probability of copied content. **Multimedia Integration:** Another approach, as suggested in several studies [26; 47; 58; 65], is to incorporate multiple forms of media in the exercise definition, such as images and voice. This can make it difficult for students to cheat and for ChatGPT to generate accurate responses. **Logical Questions:** One approach is to leverage the relative weakness of AI tools in understanding written code logically, including the code they generate. As has been highlighted in previous studies [17; 26; 30; 43; 78], AI often struggles with accurately responding to such questions and can exhibit errors or logical contradictions. Through the integration of logical questions that emphasize analysis over mere techniques, educators can evaluate students' understanding of their submitted code. Given AI's inconsistent proficiency in this area, accurate responses might indicate that students have genuinely understood and worked on their assignments, even if they have made some use of AI tools. The following examples can be added to the programming assignment in order to assess the students' comprehension:Describe the flow of execution or control flow within the code;
2. Identify any potential errors or bugs in the code and propose solutions;
3. Explain the algorithm or logic behind a particular section of the code;
4. Discuss the efficiency or complexity of the code and suggest possible optimizations;
5. Provide conclusions based on the programming code;
6. Describe any challenges encountered during the coding process, specifically highlighting functions or concepts that posed difficulties, and explain the reasons behind those challenges;
7. Modify or extend the code to achieve a specific outcome and explain the changes made;
8. Compare the given code with alternative approaches and explain the advantages or disadvantages. Through the incorporation of such comprehension-based questions into programming assignments, one can effectively assess the students' understanding of the code and identify any potential instances of plagiarism or undue reliance on artificial intelligence-generated code. **Emphasizing the Holistic Learning and Programming Process:** To increase students' motivation and involvement, teachers can emphasize the work process, rather than solely focusing on the final outcome. In order to reach this goal, using dedicated editors that trace and monitor the students' activity may be useful to ensure integrity. In addition, The following strategies can be employed to fulfill this requirement:  
1. Ask the students to program using a dedicated tracing and monitoring editor, ensuring an independent work process;
2. Ask the students to highlight any errors encountered, subsequent modifications made to rectify them, the initial algorithm, the initial code functions written, and more;
3. Request a video clip in which the students articulate and describe their work process [62];
4. Ask for screenshots that capture the entire programming process, accompanied by written explanations and descriptions.