## 1 Introduction  
The first reports of implantology were recorded in ancient Egypt, where two teeth were connected by a gold wire passed through holes. This discovery was made by the Egyptologist [PERSON] in 1914, and it is still the best-known proof of advanced dentistry that thrived from those times [1]. Currently, implantology is an ever-growing branch of dentistry, and is a contemporary part of human and veterinary medicine. In order to implant a tooth prosthesis, an implant site in the bone must be prepared. This must be done using special drilling systems. The mentioned procedure destroys the surrounding tissues mechanically and by the heat generated by the rotating drill. During osteointegration, the bone temperature may not exceed the temperature of 47 \({}^{\circ}\)C to prevent thermal osteonecrosis [2]. Earlier study showed that the temperature development and its influence on the bone tissue is proportional to the time of exposure to the friction during the drilling procedure [3]. Excessive destruction of the surrounding tissues like crushed bone, necrosis, or bone architecture annihilation influences the possibility of achieving good osteointegration, which is mandatory for dental implant success [4; 5]. This bone change can vary according to the drill's design, parameters, and cooling system utilized. The ideal method of drilling is difficult to define due to the anisotropic structure of bone, which connects organic and inorganic components [6]. Swine rib has a similar micro- and macrostructure to human mandible and maxilla and it can be an adequate in vitro model for biological studies [3]. The process of bone remodeling seems to be similar in human and other animals (pigs) including trabecular and intra-cortical based remodeling as well as cortical mineralization rate [7].  
The expression of \"osteointegration\" describes a rigid, clinically asymptomatic connection between a bone tissue and implant, which has an integrity, allowing it to fulfil its function. The process of osseointegration is divided into primary and secondary phases. The primary phase is the connection between the implant and surrounding tissue, whilst, the second phase is based on the biologic activity of bone cells causing local inflammation, which enables healing and intensifies the contact of bone and implant [8]. In vitro, the bone damage surrounding the implant can be estimated microscopically (size and morphology of destruction zone around drilled hole).  
The aim of the study was to describe the damage zone caused by drilling using pig ribs as a model for human bones of the splanchnocranium. Accessible literature lack larger studies comparing the changes of bone tissues surrounding implantation site with regard to the drilling system used, diameter of the drill, drilling temperature, and cooling system.  
Optimal elaboration method of the bone bed before implantation determines the achievement of proper implant osteointegration. A crucial element of the preparation procedure of the bed is to minimize therm and mechanical injuries of the bone. Increase in temperature during preparation over 47 \({}^{\circ}\)C (over 1 min) leads to complete denaturation of the organic component in bone cell matrix, which can negatively affect the osteointegration process [9; 10; 11]. The main cause of this phenomenon is the disturbance of the collagen fibers' structure and their cracking, thus implant bone connection stiffness changes and also increases vulnerability for bone tissue compression. [PERSON] et al. and [PERSON] et al. proved the local thermal necrosis occurrence within the bone tissue after crossing the limit of temperature (over 50 \({}^{\circ}\)C) and prolonging procedure time during bone bed preparation [12; 13].