# Non-Real-Time Wireless System for Lightning Effect Measurements
## 6 Discussion  
The operation of a prototype measuring system for recording lightning current effects, both natural and simulated using impulse generators, was presented in the paper. The main advantage of the presented device is to save the data in the place where measurements are made, and then, to transmit the stored data via the radio channel just after the electromagnetic interference propagating in the environment reaches the acceptable level. The results of the study can be summarized as:  
1. This solution is resistant to induced overvoltage, LEMP, and it provides galvanic separation, which results in greater convenience of use compared to the systems using coaxial cables or optical fibers. 2. The voltage/current measurement accuracy compared to the oscilloscope (reference device) is 85%. This value provides a good representation of the recorded mileage (work on improving this value is ongoing). 3. It was possible to develop a measurement system with a very good representation of the signal value (16 bits of resolution) with a sampling rate of 16 MS/s. This device was designed to work with lightning generators where waveforms up to 500 kHz are used. 4. This is a very specific application that allows you to quickly change the measurement site (without cables in which interference propagates) and the joint operation of many measurement probes without the need for power supply. 5. There are many applications of the proposed solution: working in the open space, measuring objects in motion, the possibility of mounting the device on a drone or a weather balloon. The device can be used for measurements in aviation, construction, automotive, wind farms, telecommunication masts and many others. 6. There is the possibility to select the measuring range by using an appropriate divider at the device input. 7. The most important aspect is to protect the life and health of researchers. The prototype also protects expensive measuring equipment against unexpected surges. Note that the cost of the proposed device is a small part of the entire registration system. Consequently, in the developed device, it was decided to use independent integrated circuits performing specific tasks. This required designing a device consisting of many interdependent elements. As shown, the length of the paths and the control of information flow across the parallel data line were important. It was a difficult design task, completely different from FPGA programmable single-chip structures. The choice  
Figure 11: Fading sine wave measured by prototype and reference oscilloscope (2.5 MHz) to show system features. of a device made of many components allowed for easier repair and diagnostics in the event of failure. The presented measurement data recorded with the developed device showed how important are the proper shielding and earthing of the measuring probe. The presented registration results showed the need for further work on improving the device in order to increase the accuracy of the measurements. The performed analyses will allow for the development of even more functional recording systems in the near future, which can be used to study the effects of lightning current on both avionics systems and electrical installations in ground facilities. In fact, the tested system should be suitable for quick verification of initial measurements, when the course of the experiment is not yet fully known and controlled. The narrow practical application of the proposed device can be successfully extended by using other analog-to-digital converters. Measurements in motion can enable the device to work where it has been impossible so far (enabling new forms of research). Conceptualization, T.K. and L.M. ; methodology, T.K. and L.M. ; software, T.K. ; validation, T.K. ; formal analysis, T.K. and L.M. ; investigation, T.K. and L.M. ; resources, T.K. and L.M. ; data curation, T.K. ; writing--original draft preparation, T.K. ; writing--review and editing, T.K. and L.M. ; visualization, T.K. ; supervision, T.K. and L.M. ; project administration, T.K.