## 1 Introduction  
Cellulose, a fundamental constituent of plant cell walls [1], serves as a crucial raw material across diverse industries, including paper production [2], textiles [3], food packaging [4], and biomedical materials [5]. In recent years, there has been a surge in efforts to develop efficient methods for cellulose production from renewable sources such as plant waste and biomass [6]. This trend reflects a broader commitment to sustainable and environmentally friendly manufacturing practices. Paper, an ancient product deeply woven into human history, continues to play a vital role in modern society. However, contemporary challenges, such as dwindling wood resources and associated environmental issues, underscore the urgency to identify alternative cellulose sources. Grass clippings, considered a form of municipal waste, offer a promising alternative to traditional wood-derived pulp. In response to this need, many countries facing wood shortages and surplus plant biomass have introduced technologies for cellulose production from herbaceous plants. Recent research efforts have focused on investigating various non-wood materials for cellulose production [7; 8; 9; 10; 11; 12; 13]. Regarding the potential of valorizing herbal waste, one study [14] highlights the environmental benefits of cellulose extraction from this abundant resource. Furthermore, studies such as that by [15] have demonstrated the feasibility of cellulose production from specific grass species, such as _Megathyrsus maximums_, achieving a remarkable alpha-cellulose content of 98.50% through delignification and bleaching methods. Grasses inherently possess lower lignin content than wood, making them an attractive cellulose source with robust lignin-carbohydrate bonds. Notably, fibers derived from Napier grass exhibit high cellulose content and minimal lignin and extractives content, rendering them suitable for pulp production [16; 17; 18; 19; 20]. In annual plants, libriform cells do not exceed 2 mm in length, while parenchyma cells usually have a round or ellipsoidal morphology with miniature sizes and thin walls [21; 22; 23]. Parenchyma cells are notably characterized by their elevated resin content [24]. Plant raw materials include cellulose, lignin, hemicellulose, pectin, resins, fats, and minerals [25]. Lignin is located in the middle lamella of cells, with the main role of adhesion, and cellulose is the majority of the secondary layer of cell walls, providing resistance. Lignin, an undesirable component in paper production, contributes to the rigidity and fragility of fibers, consequently diminishing the whiteness and durability of resulting paper products [26]. Throughout the chemical-thermal treatment processes applied to grass clippings, such as alkaline treatment or bleaching, many chemical reactions occur, resulting in significant alterations in its chemical composition and structural integrity. A well-documented consequence of such treatments is delignification, wherein the action of sodium hydroxide facilitates a reduction in lignin content within the biomass, achieved through the disruption of bonds between lignin and hemicellulose and within lignin units [27]. Research indicates [28; 29] that adding minerals to paper production can significantly enhance its barrier properties, thermomechanical characteristics, and flame resistance. Additionally, the use of mineral fillers can save expensive cellulose, reduce the cost of paper, increase its weight, and improve its whiteness and printability. Barrier properties, including resistance to steam and oxygen, are crucial for maintaining the quality of paper products, particularly in food and pharmaceutical packaging. Commonly used mineral fillers in the paper industry include calcium carbonate [30; 31], modified diatomaceous earth [32; 33], talc [34], kaolin [35], and titanium dioxide [36]. These minerals are available in both natural and synthetic forms, differing in characteristics such as shape, size, and surface properties.