# A Review of Industry 4.0 Assessment Instruments for Digital Transformation
###### Abstract
[12], some digital transformation models do not have solid theoretical bases or structures, since many are just empirical studies. Another issue is that many maturity models regarding Industry 4.0 focus on technological aspects and fail to include more comprehensive dimensions, e.g., culture and leadership, which contribute to the strategic components like workforce skills and new product and service development [13; 14]. Due to the new market demands and technology usage increase, Industry 4.0 maturity models must be updated [15]. Hence, it is essential to create instruments and methods that (1) identify the organizational and technological needs, (2) assess the maturity toward digital transformation, and (3) support organizations in the transformation process. When implementing Industry 4.0, organizations commonly deal with the absence of strategic tools, lack of managerial and organizational support, misunderstanding of Industry 4.0 notion, and unknown results and benefits of conducting Industry 4.0 projects. Also, the financial factors are considered a barrier to Industry 4.0 performance. Additionally, organizations are still determining the transformation's investment costs and possible outcomes [11; 16]. Notwithstanding the roadblocks, research contributions in numerous interdisciplinary areas where digitization and sustainability perspectives are present have helped the evolution of industries through time. Industry 4.0 is a shared framework for faster development where all these contributions come together to build the manufacturing system for the factories of the future. It is vital, then, to carry out the transformation with a clear path and Industry 4.0 deployment guidance. Some companies are actively looking for instruments (maturity models, frameworks, roadmaps, and readiness assessments) to assess their current state (maturity level) and support digital transformation. Also, companies need to both identify the technologies or strategies that should be implemented and develop an appropriate investment plan. This study diverges from the conventional use of the Technology Readiness Level (TRL) in evaluating technology maturity within new product development or innovation research [17]. Rather, it concentrates on tools that evaluate management implementation capabilities, like the well-regarded RAMI 4.0, which is a comprehensive framework of standards, practices, and references intended for the development of Industry 4.0 readiness assessment methods [18]. This research paper aims to analyze the assessment instruments available in the literature and identify the key Industry 4.0 components and models through a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) methodology. The goal is to build a robust assessment instrument, considering the main contributions found in the key papers. Therefore, the specific objectives of this research are (i) to synthesize the main findings of the literature by including the most relevant elements for the research; (ii) to perform an SLR following the PRISMA methodology to meet previous models, frameworks, roadmaps, questionnaires, or other instruments developed over the years; and (iii) to provide theoretical guidelines to elaborate a comprehensive assessment instrument for Industry 4.0. The remainder of this paper is organized as follows. Section 2, defines the PRISMA methodology used to conduct this study. Section 3 presents the main findings of the study. We discuss the different implications identified in terms of assessment instruments for Industry 4.0 in Section 4. Finally, Section 5 presents the conclusions, limitations, and agenda for further research.