# Study on the Influence of Collision Scene on the Energy Dissipation Process for Train Collision
## 5 Conclusions  
In this paper, based on the analysis of train collision accidents and the collision scenarios in the existing train collision standard EN 15227, four kinds of train collision scenarios are formulated, and a dynamic model of train longitudinal collision based on experimental verification is established. The effects of different collision scenarios on the energy dissipation process, energy absorption and maximum average acceleration of each interface of the train are studied. The main conclusions are as follows:  
(1) The longitudinal collision dynamics model of the train can better characterize the train collision process. Considering the longitudinal energy absorption characteristics of the multi-level crashworthiness structure of the train and the collision mass of the main \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline  & \multicolumn{5}{c}{**Scenario**} \\ \cline{2-5}
**Difference\%** & **1** & **2** & **3** & **4** \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{8} & 30 ms & / & 0.24 & 3.57 & 4.77 \\  & 120 ms & / & 0.96 & 2.89 & 3.85 \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{16} & 30 ms & / & 0.71 & 0.71 & 1.18 \\  & 120 ms & / & 0.98 & 1.47 & 1.47 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 7: Differences in maximum mean acceleration for different collision scenarios. Figure 11: Maximum average acceleration of the train in different collision scenarios. structure, the longitudinal collision dynamics model of the train is established by combining the finite element method. Through the comparison and correlation analysis with the speed and displacement results of the train line collision test, the accuracy of the train longitudinal collision dynamics modeling method is verified. The model based on train longitudinal collision dynamics can better characterize the collision process of the train. The maximum difference in the speed of each vehicle after the collision is 4.91%. (2) When the trains are possessed of consistent marshaling and relative collision speed, the differences in collision energy dissipation process, energy absorption and maximum average acceleration are relatively small under various collision scenarios. Based on the train longitudinal collision dynamics model, the scenarios of a moving train colliding with a stationary train, a moving train rear-end moving train, a moving train colliding with a moving train on the head and so on are simulated to analyze the train's overall energy dissipation process, energy absorption of interface and change of maximum average acceleration. The energy absorption rate under the train rear-end collision scenario is the most minor, not more than 36%. In comparison, the energy absorption rate under the head-on collision scenario at an equal speed is the largest, close to 100%. Moreover, the maximum energy absorption difference by interface 0 of the EMU train (8 units) reaches 0.64%, and the maximum energy absorption difference by interface 0 of the EMU train (16 units) arrives at 1.54%. The maximum average acceleration difference between the scenario of a moving train colliding with a stationary train and the scenario of a train rear-end collision is the largest, but the difference is still less than 1%. Conceptualization, Investigation, Data curation, Modeling, Writing--original draft, Funding acquisition, L.G. ; Supervision, Project administration, Funding acquisition, Writing--review and editing, J.Z. ; Modeling, Writing--review and editing, Funding acquisition, T.Z. ; Conceptualization, Supervision, S.X. ; Test data analysis and modeling, Y.L. ; Supervision, Test data analysis and modeling, B.L. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. Not applicable. The raw data supporting the conclusions of this article will be made available by the authors upon request. Author [PERSON] was employed by the company Locomotive & Car Research Institute, China Academy of Railway Sciences Corporation Limited. Authors [PERSON] and [PERSON] were employed by the company Changchun Railway Vehicles Co., Ltd.