# Metal Bioaccumulation by Carp and Catfish Cultured in Lake Chapala, and Weekly Intake Assessment
## 5 Conclusions  
Observations from this study indicate that metal accumulation in fish varies markedly among different tissues and metals, but not between species, with the sole exception of Cu. Fish aquaculture in Lake Chapala is thus a viable option for producing fish with a low \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Metal** & **Fish** & **Origin** & **Country** & **Mean** & **EWI \({}^{*}\)** & **\% PTWI** & **Reference** \\ \hline \multirow{7}{*}{Cd} & Carp & \multirow{2}{*}{Lake Chapala} & \multirow{2}{*}{Mexico} & 2.23 & 0.006 & 0.11 & \multirow{7}{*}{Present Study} \\ \cline{2-6}  & Catfish & & & 1.23 & 0.004 & 0.06 & \\ \cline{2-6}  & Catfish & El Rejon Dam & & 148.00 & 0.395 & 6.58 & [12] \\ \cline{2-6}  & Cultured Carp & \multirow{2}{*}{Lake} & \multirow{2}{*}{Japan} & 7.40 & 0.021 & 0.35 & \multirow{2}{*}{[30]} \\ \cline{2-6}  & Wild Carp & & 9.00 & 0.026 & 0.43 & \\ \cline{2-6}  & Crucian carp & \multirow{2}{*}{Honghu Lake} & \multirow{2}{*}{China} & 8.70 & 0.028 & 0.47 & \multirow{2}{*}{[37]} \\ \cline{2-6}  & Yellow Catfish & & 5.60 & 0.018 & 0.30 & \\ \cline{2-6}  & Silver Carp & \multirow{2}{*}{Lake} & \multirow{2}{*}{Iran} & 31.20\({}^{\ddagger}\) & 0.096 & 1.60 & \\ \cline{2-6}  & Carp & & 260.00 & 0.743 & 12.38 & [38] \\ \hline \multirow{7}{*}{Pb} & Carp & \multirow{2}{*}{Lake Chapala} & \multirow{2}{*}{Mexico} & 11.97 & 0.034 & 0.14 & \multirow{7}{*}{Present Study} \\ \cline{2-6}  & Catfish & & & 13.03 & 0.037 & 0.15 & \\ \cline{2-6}  & Catfish & El Rejon Dam & & 2740.00 & 7.307 & 29.23 & [12] \\ \cline{2-6}  & Crucian carp & \multirow{2}{*}{Honghu Lake} & \multirow{2}{*}{China} & 93.80 & 0.305 & 1.22 & \multirow{2}{*}{[37]} \\ \cline{2-6}  & Yellow catfish & & & 124.20 & 0.403 & 1.61 & \\ \cline{2-6}  & Silver carp & \multirow{2}{*}{Lake} & \multirow{2}{*}{Iran} & 47.84\({}^{\ddagger}\) & 0.47 & 0.59 & [43] \\ \cline{2-6}  & Carp & & 430.00 & 1.229 & 4.91 & [38] \\ \hline \multirow{7}{*}{As} & Carp & \multirow{2}{*}{Lake Chapala} & \multirow{2}{*}{Mexico} & 57.01 & 0.163 & 1.09 & \multirow{7}{*}{Present Study} \\ \cline{2-6}  & Catfish & & & 32.39 & 0.093 & 0.62 & \\ \cline{2-6}  & Catfish & El Rejon Dam & & 66.00\({}^{\ddagger}\) & 0.189 & 1.26 & [9] \\ \cline{2-6}  & Cultured Carp & \multirow{2}{*}{Lake} & \multirow{2}{*}{Japan} & 178.90 & 0.511 & 3.41 & \multirow{7}{*}{[30]} \\ \cline{2-6}  & Wild carp & & 95.00 & 0.271 & 1.81 & \\ \cline{2-6}  & Yellow catfish & & & 4.00 & 0.013 & 0.09 & [37] \\ \hline \multirow{7}{*}{Hg} & Carp & \multirow{7}{*}{Lake Chapala} & \multirow{7}{*}{Mexico} & 3.44 & 0.010 & 0.61 & \multirow{7}{*}{Present Study} \\ \cline{2-6}  & Catfish & & & 27.46 & 0.078 & 4.90 & \\ \cline{2-6}  & Carp & & 870.00 & 2.486 & 155.36 & [41] \\ \cline{2-6}  & Carp & \multirow{2}{*}{Mexico} & 390.00 & 1.114 & 69.64 & [10] \\ \cline{2-6}  & Carp & & & 229.00 & 0.654 & 40.89 & \\ \cline{2-6}  & Carp & \multirow{2}{*}{San Antonio Dam} & \multirow{2}{*}{72.50} & 0.207 & 12.95 & \multirow{2}{*}{[11]} \\ \cline{2-6}  & Catfish & El Rejon Dam & & 46.50 & 0.124 & 7.75 & [12] \\ \cline{2-6}  & Roach & Olsztyn Lake & Poland & 140.00 & 0.467 & 29.17 & [42] \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}  
* Estimated weekly intake for an adult of 70 kg or according to author, and fish consumption of 200 g. \({}^{\ddagger}\) Mean concentration adjusted to www, 70% humidity assumed.  
\end{table} 
Table 6: Mean concentration (\(\mu\)g/kg ww), estimated weekly intake (\(\mu\)g/kg bw/week), and contribution to PTWI from native or cultured freshwater fish reported in previous works, compared with the present study. risk of heavy metal consumption by humans. Nonetheless, maintaining strict monitoring of metals in fish muscle is crucial because this lake is characterized by highly dynamic activity that causes frequent variations in volume and pH that affect the concentrations of metals in its waters. Finally, Hg in catfish showed the highest risk in terms of their PTWI, though even in this case, the % PTWI was below 5 %. Conceptualization, C.A. ; methodology, C.A.