## 4 State of Art and Discussion
### Related Work
AGAPE, on the other hand, focuses on the specific needs of older adults through personalized interventions and profiling, which might provide more targeted and effective solutions for individuals with varying levels of digital literacy. [PERSON] et al. [42] developed an IoT-based health promotion system for seniors that includes three subsystems: physiological information, context awareness service, and elderly nutrition and health promotion. Unlike AGAPE, which focuses heavily on digital literacy and personalized interventions based on user profiles, [PERSON]'s system integrates health promotion modules directly addressing diet and exercise. AGAPE could benefit from this comprehensive approach by incorporating similar nutritional and exercise recommendations, thus enhancing the overall health promotion aspect. [PERSON] et al. [43] investigated the use of mHealth devices to promote independent physical activity among older adults. Their study emphasized participant perceptions of privacy, data management, and usability. While their mHealth intervention successfully increased physical activity, they identified challenges related to device usability and privacy concerns. The vINCI project, detailed by [PERSON] et al. (2023) [44], includes wearable sensors, RGB-depth cameras, and smart insoles, within a cloud-based microservices architecture. This project emphasizes personalized user profiles created through machine learning models analysing health-related quality of life data, similar to AGAPE's user profiling based on digital literacy and technology adoption. However, vINCI employs blockchain technology for secure data management, an advanced security measure that AGAPE might consider adopting. Both projects prioritize promoting social interactions and physical activity, but vINCI's comprehensive monitoring through RGB-depth cameras offers a more detailed activity tracking capability compared to AGAPE's wearable sensors. [PERSON] et al. [45] explored the adoption of mobile and wearable technology for physical activity among older adults. The study revealed a stage-wise model of technology adoption, emphasizing the importance of awareness, attitudes, appraisals, and initial use in determining long-term adoption. The findings underscored the need for age-specific interventions and highlighted barriers such as established habits and lack of understanding of technology's benefits, which align with the challenges identified in the AGAPE framework. However, unlike the AGAPE project, [PERSON]'s study primarily focused on the initial phases of technology adoption without integrating a comprehensive intervention strategy to sustain engagement. [PERSON] et al. [46] introduced the SHAPES smart mirror approach, which uses a smart mirror and associated wearable devices to monitor health metrics and promote physical activity among older adults. While the smart mirror provided real-time feedback and motivation, the study pointed out challenges in user interface design and data integration, similar to those addressed by the AGAPE platform. However, the SHAPES approach focused more on the technological interface rather than a holistic intervention framework that includes personalized care and social interaction. [PERSON] et al. [47] examined the benefits of wearable activity trackers for older adults, noting improvements in physical activity levels and health outcomes. The study emphasized the role of continuous monitoring and feedback in encouraging activity. Whilethis aligns with the AGAPE platform's use of wearables for physical activity tracking, [PERSON]'s research did not incorporate a multi-stakeholder approach involving formal caregivers for personalized intervention planning, which is a distinctive feature of the AGAPE framework. [PERSON] et al. [48] propose a model that examines both enablers and inhibitors affecting the continued use intention of wearable health technologies (WHTs) among the elderly.