## 3 Results
### Expression of Apoptosis-Related Proteins in the Livers of Mice Fed APAP and EtnGpl  
Continuous oral APAP administration significantly decreased the expression of p53 and claspin, which play central roles as checkpoint proteins in the cell cycle in the liver (Figure 1). Additionally, it significantly increased the expression of HSP27. Dietary PlsEtn or PtdEtn significantly suppressed the expression of ten proteins, including antiapoptotic proteins (Bcl-2, Bcl-x, claspin, and MCL-1) and other proteins (HIF-1\(\alpha\), HO-1, and HO-2) as well as apoptosis-promoting proteins (cleaved caspase-3, an effector caspase of apoptosis, TRAIL-R2, and cyt c), compared to the APAP group. Dietary PlsEtn showed greater suppressive effects on the expression of Bcl-2, HIF-1a, and HSP27 than dietary PtdEtn. Moreover, dietary PlsEtn increased the expression level of XIAP and reduced the expression levels of Bad, p53, catalase, and p27/Kip1 compared to those in the APAP group. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Ctrl**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**APAP**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**AM + APAP**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**PL + APAP**} \\ \hline  & \multicolumn{8}{c}{nmol/mg protein} \\ \hline
16:0 & 111.9 & \(\pm\) & 11.0* & 61.5 & \(\pm\) & 4.2 b & 81.3 & \(\pm\) & 2.1 a & 79.3 & \(\pm\) & 7.1 a \\
16:1n-7 & 9.4 & \(\pm\) & 1.3* & 4.3 & \(\pm\) & 0.6 a & 5.9 & \(\pm\) & 0.6 a & 4.9 & \(\pm\) & 0.9 a \\
18:0 & 21.9 & \(\pm\) & 1.3* & 17.9 & \(\pm\) & 1.2 a & 18.9 & \(\pm\) & 0.6 a & 18.9 & \(\pm\) & 0.8 a \\
18:1n-9 & 96.9 & \(\pm\) & 13.7* & 38.5 & \(\pm\) & 4.5 a & 53.3 & \(\pm\) & 2.6 a & 40.1 & \(\pm\) & 51.a \\
18:1n-7 & 10.0 & \(\pm\) & 1.3 & 3.8 & \(\pm\) & 0.4 a & 5.1 & \(\pm\) & 0.5 a & 3.5 & \(\pm\) & 0.4 b \\
18:2n-6 & 61.9 & \(\pm\) & 3.9* & 50.0 & \(\pm\) & 2.3 a & 59.1 & \(\pm\) & 2.6 a & 62.1 & \(\pm\) & 61.a \\
18:3n-3 & 3.5 & \(\pm\) & 0.4 & 2.6 & \(\pm\) & 0.2 a & 4.9 & \(\pm\) & 1.9 a & 3.0 & \(\pm\) & 0.4 a \\
20:3n-6 & 3.0 & \(\pm\) & 0.1* & 2.3 & \(\pm\) & 0.1 ab & 2.7 & \(\pm\) & 0.2 a & 1.9 & \(\pm\) & 0.2 b \\
20:4n-6 & 11.7 & \(\pm\) & 0.3 & 10.7 & \(\pm\) & 0.5 a & 10.1 & \(\pm\) & 0.4 a & 10.9 & \(\pm\) & 0.6 a \\
20:5n-3 & 3.5 & \(\pm\) & 0.1* & 2.7 & \(\pm\) & 0.3 a & 3.3 & \(\pm\) & 0.2 a & 2.9 & \(\pm\) & 0.4 a \\
22:5n-3 & 1.6 & \(\pm\) & 0.3 & 1.3 & \(\pm\) & 0.1 b & 2.1 & \(\pm\) & 0.2 a & 1.8 & \(\pm\) & 0.3 a \\
22:6n-3 & 19.7 & \(\pm\) & 1.2 & 17.9 & \(\pm\) & 0.6 b & 27.6 & \(\pm\) & 0.7 a & 20.1 & \(\pm\) & 1.7 a \\ Total & 354.7 & \(\pm\) & 29.3* & 213.3 & \(\pm\) & 12.7 b & 269.2 & \(\pm\) & 7.8 a & 249.3 & \(\pm\) & 227.ab \\ DHA/ARA ratio & 1.7 & \(\pm\) & 0.1 & 1.7 & \(\pm\) & 0.1 b & 2.3 & \(\pm\) & 0.1 a & 1.8 & \(\pm\) & 0.1 b \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} All values are presented as mean \(\pm\) standard error of the mean (\(n=12\)). Different letters indicate significant differences among groups treated with APAP at \(p<0.05\), as determined using a one-way analysis of variance by [PERSON]’s test. Asterisks indicate significant differences between the Ctrl and APAP groups at \(p<0.05\), as determined using the \(f\)-test. AM, ascidian muscle; APAP, acetaminophen; ARA, arachidonic acid; Ctrl, control; DHA, docosahexaenoic acid; EtnGpl, ethanolamine glycerophospholipid; PL, porcine liver.  
\end{table} 
Table 4: Impacts of APAP and EtnGpl administration on fatty acid contents in mice livers. Figure 1: Expression of apoptosis-related proteins in the livers of mice fed diets containing APAP and EtnGpl. (**A**) Proapoptotic proteins. (**B**) Caspase and catalase. (**C**) Death receptors. (**D**) Antiapoptotic  
proteins. (**E**) Other apoptosis-related proteins. All values are presented as the mean \(\pm\) standard error of the mean (\(n=4\); pooled mouse livers). Different letters indicate significant differences among groups treated with APAP at \(p<0.05\), as determined using a one-way analysis of variance by [PERSON]'s test.