# Experiential Transformation in Privacy Behavior: A New Framework for Privacy Behavior Enhancement
## 2 The Literature Review
### Privacy Behavior Determinant Factors  
Previous studies have explored the determinants of privacy behavior, often employing pertinent theoretical frameworks, such as the protection motivation theory [19]. Other studies have investigated the variables that influence individuals' privacy behavior and developed relevant research models.  
Many studies propose that gender significantly influences privacy behavior [20; 21; 22; 23; 24]. Their research indicated that gender significantly influences the extent to which individuals disclose personal information on the internet, with age being a contributing factor. As an illustration, women usually display a higher frequency of posting on their preferred social network and impose less limitations on privacy compared to men. The aforementioned studies are also incorporated into the research conducted by [PERSON] et al. [13], who consolidated all of the factors determining privacy behavior into a single study. Other studies verify that age is also a contributing factor [8; 20; 21; 25; 26]. For example, it has been shown that as they grow older, adolescent males prefer to decrease the amount of information they share on online social networks (OSNs) and remove tags from their earlier photographs [27]. Further, relevant works have asserted that the perception of privacy risks [27; 28; 29] and their privacy concerns [30; 31; 32; 33; 34; 35; 36; 37] also have a noteworthy impact on privacy-related behaviors. Another factor that appears to influence privacy behavior is the potential financial benefits or exchanges that individuals can obtain through the sharing of their personal data with providers. Previous research shows that individuals who state that they wish to protect their personal data are willing to disclose personal information in contrast to those statements in case of financial or other non-financial exchanges [38; 39; 25; 30; 33; 38; 40; 41]. Financial and non-financial transactions (such as a monetary transaction involving personal data disclosure is the provision of a 10-euro advance or, additionally, the usage of a mobile application game that advertises to be free of advertisements but necessitates the reveal of personal data) have the potential to influence individuals to overcome their concerns and willingly disclose their personal information to third parties, as well as agree to the terms and conditions presented to them [31; 38; 41; 42; 43; 44; 45]. The literature has also demonstrated that privacy behavior is influenced by the necessary disclosure of information to complete tasks or fulfill practical needs. For example, users are requested to present identification documents to an aviation company when traveling [30; 46] or to provide medical records, such as a COVID-19 vaccination certificate, for medical purposes [47]. The same may happen for psychological needs, such as psychological charging [35; 46; 48], for example when downloading a mobile application for entertainment purposes [49].  
Furthermore, socialization needs (e.g., social media) may also drive personal information disclosure [34, 35]. Other studies have examined the impact of education [45, 50], the allocation of time for making privacy behavior choices [51, 52], and the use of visualization techniques [53, 36, 51] on privacy behavior.  
Further to these works, previous research has attempted to aggregate the identified factors that affect privacy behavior in the literature [13, 54]. Factors that were found to determine privacy behavior include privacy concerns, privacy awareness, trust, demographics, and others. Additionally, previous research showed that some factors seem to affect privacy behavior more than others [13] while some factors affect privacy behavior directly or indirectly or with positive or negative way.