## 3 Results and Discussion
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Mode** & \multicolumn{6}{c}{**Reactions in Constraints, N**} \\ \hline  & G & H & I & J & K & L \\
2-10g-L & 16,395 & 22,513 & 13,789 & 28,723 & 20,050 & 31,477 \\
2-10g-R & 10,810 & 23,341 & 21353 & 31,564 & 17,888 & 30,898 \\
2-12g-F & 20,861 & 26,844 & 28,777 & 44,779 & 47,062 & 50,675 \\
2-12g-B & 39,291 & 43,739 & 41,239 & 18,306 & 22,410 & 21,897 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Total reactions in the fixed supports. There are at least two reasons for such behaviour: the transients cause the \(\sigma_{max}\) locations to migrate during the experiment; plastic deformations change the model at each of the 300 substeps (threshold applied in Ansys). The processes stabilise from 0.05 s, since the acceleration does not change, and after 0.07 s it drops to zero. However, in some modes, this did not cause stress. This indicates the presence of residual stresses, which also turned out to be maximum during the experiment at some modes: \"1-10g-L\", \"3-12g-F\", and \"3-12g-B\" showed \(\sigma_{max}\) exactly at 0.1 s. The average stress \(\sigma_{ave}\) behaviour is similar for all modes; therefore, it is enough to demonstrate a typical graph based on model #1 (Figure 5d) as an example--it echoes the regulative graph of acceleration according to R100 (Figure 2). Objective 2: to analyse Safety Factor (SF) along with the level of deformations and validate whether the model remains within safe limits defined by the manufacturer and regulatory criteria. To establish a comprehensive assessment of the stress state, it is recommended to refer to the Safety Factor (SF), which is a ratio of \(\sigma_{\text{max}}\) to \(\sigma_{y}\). A zero value means no safety margin in red spots (model #3 in Figure 6). Their locations and surface area determine the final deformations of the model (Table 2 and Figure 7), for example, 58.13 and 58.77 mm, which are almost the same for both longitudinal and transverse modes (\"1-10g-L\" and \"1-12g-F\" in Figure 7). Interestingly, this is a positive coincidence because it indicates the equal strength of the structure in both load directions. The maximum deformations during the experiment are 63.04 mm--they were recorded in the \"2-12g-B\" mode, where the highest average stress \(\sigma_{ave}\) = 83.18 MPa was found. At the same time, the value of \(\sigma_{max}\) was even lower than in other modes (390.23 MPa). This confirms the theory that it is practically more important to check the average rather than the maximum stresses of the model to establish its safety. The minimal deformations (6.95 and 7.95 mm) were recorded in the \"3-10g-L\" and \"3-10g-R\" modes. Accordingly, the stresses \(\sigma_{max}\) are minimal precisely in them: 40.90 and 43.02 MPa, respectively. Two criteria determine the upper limit of permissible deformation: (a) requirements of the battery  
Figure 5: Graphs of the dynamics of stress changes during the loading process: (**a–c**) max von Mises stress of battery units #1,2,3, respectively; (**d**) average stress of unit #1.  
manufacturer regarding the relative displacement of the units, considering their power supply and mounting; (b) lack of contact with elements of the body and interior (inner lining, etc.). In this case, deformations higher than 45-50 mm are not recommended (according to the customer's requirements and the specifics of the interior equipment), so those modes that showed higher values should be locally investigated and reinforced, which is the subject of further research. In cases of deformations exceeding the recommended ones, it is advisable to conduct full-scale tests, the results of which may lead to recommendations such as equipping structures with dampers to absorb impact energy. The graphs (Figure 5) demonstrate the change in stresses over time, which indirectly hints at the need to assess the accelerations that can act on batteries. This is a possible future study to compare the acceleration results with those permissible according to the battery manufacturer's data.