## 3 Results
### At the Peasant Household Level: Increasing Scale of Agricultural Operation  
Although the fragmentation of land parcels can be observed objectively, the operation scale of peasant households is still likely to expand at the level of peasant households. First, the number of peasant households is decreasing; and second, the total amount of cultivated land that land use right transfer has occurred is increasing. From 1996 to 2016, the number of agricultural operating households in the suburbs of Shanghai decreased by 48.61%, the number of large-scale agricultural production operating households increased from 2900 to 7900, and the number of agricultural production and operating units increased from 3200 to 5700 (Table 14). This finding shows that the farmland management of the suburbs of Shanghai is transferred to the agricultural scale operation households. Specialized farmer cooperatives and family farms are the main bodies of farmers' large-scale operations. From 2013 to 2018, the average number of specialized farmer cooperatives was approximately 3080, with an average number of 65,400 members, driving 127,500 nonmember farmers (Table 15). In 2019, due to the impact of economic slowdown, the total size of the three showed a shrinking phenomenon. Family farms have gradually become the normal operation of large-scale agricultural production households. In 2017, there were 4516 family farms in the suburbs of Shanghai, with an average of 2.5 people per family. Among them, 800 family farms had contracted farmland of less than 6.67 ha, 2219 family farms had contracted farmland of 6.67-10 ha, and 1497 family farms had contracted farmland of more than 10 ha. In recent years, the total number of family farms has decreased, but the number of family farms with an average operating size of more than 10 ha has steadily increased (Table 16), thus reflecting a growth trend of large-scale operation of farmers. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Region** & **District** & **Index** & **1990** & **2000** & **2010** & **2018** \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{The outer suburbs} & \multirow{2}{*}{Jinshan} & AI/\% & 97.7809 & 97.6022 & 96.7475 & 96.6099 \\  & & SPLIT & 2.1016 & 2.2157 & 4.3963 & 6.4727 \\  & & AI/\% & 97.3644 & 97.1567 & 96.3653 & 96.2195 \\  & & SPLIT & 1.4752 & 1.4998 & 1.9266 & 1.9759 \\  & & AI/\% & 98.6777 & 98.6347 & 97.9361 & 97.9239 \\  & & SPLIT & 1.5076 & 1.5072 & 1.5622 & 1.5795 \\  & & AI/\% & 98.7278 & 98.7127 & 98.1589 & 98.0094 \\  & & SPLIT & 1.9420 & 1.9374 & 1.9377 & 1.9431 \\  & & AI/\% & 98.5509 & 98.2718 & 98.1202 & 98.1202 \\  & & SPLIT & 1.2697 & 1.2769 & 1.2599 & 1.2516 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 13: _Cont._At the City or Regional Level: Driving Factors Analysis of the Change of Landscape Aggregation Degree of Farmland  
The results showed that the total power of agricultural machinery (X41) was positively correlated with the cultivated land aggregation index; that is, the larger the index value was, the higher the cultivated land aggregation index was. In fact, the improvement of agricultural mechanization level helps to reduce the number of agricultural labor force, promote the moderate scale of agricultural land management and farmland aggregation degree in the suburbs of Shanghai. The other nine indexes were negatively correlated with the cultivated land aggregation index; that is, the larger the indexes were, the lower the degree of cultivated land aggregation was. In other words, in the suburbs of big cities, the more developed the economy, the more advanced the industrial structure and the higher the urbanization level, the more unfavorable the improvement of the degree of farmland aggregation.