## 3 Methods
### Data Collection  
3.1.1. Measured Data  
Measured data were taken from the industrial partner plant as well as from the reverse engineering analyses and measurements conducted off site in the product design lab at our research institution. Examples of the collected data were: bill of material, material composition, weights, dimension, manual and powered equipment, power consumption, etc. 3.1.2. Calculated Data  
Data were calculated or directly collected from the published literature or public databases. 3.1.3. Estimated Data  
Whenever data cannot be measured or calculated, an expert estimation was sought from the subject matter specialists  
4. Results and Discussion  
The implementation of the method demonstrated in Section 3 led to the results below. 4.1. Collection Phase  
The EOL ACs were collected from a drop off point (collection centers) that covers the whole of the geographical area of the studied country. The collection process uses a road transportation method to deliver the collected items to the remanufacturing plant. The remanufacturer has the choice to select specific locations to be covered by its collection network; this decision could be either economically or environmentally driven. Collection from a distant location could lead to an increase in the environmental impacts due to long distances between the collection center and remanufacturing plant. Figure 1: The life cycle phases of the remanufactured AC. This phase also includes preliminary inspection and testing. The product goes through three inspection stages before it is accepted for remanufacturing. The three different inspection stages are as follows: (1) Visual inspection; (2) leaks and rust inspection; and (3) operation inspection. In the first stage, a visual inspection is conducted where the units are examined visually. All of the initial observations are noted and written down. In this procedure, the decision of whether the unit is sound enough for remanufacturing or not is based on the opinion of the inspector. Units with the least damage are selected for further remanufacturing processes. In the second stage, the inspection is more specific, as it looks for specific defects that are leaks and/or rust. The check for leaks in this phase is conducted through visual inspection. Finally, in the third stage, units are put under usual operational conditions where they are actually plugged in a power source and put to work. In this phase, the soundness of the unit is judged by the inspector based on how well the unit is functioning. When considering the design parameters and assumptions, there must be a determination of the process parameters and of the collected data. Collection of the units is conducted using trucks that run on diesel from major cities in KSA, where there are the largest numbers of AC users in the country. The remanufacturing plant is assumed to be in Dammam city, where new ACs are currently manufactured. Table 1 shows the transportation distances between major cities from which the ACs are collected to where they would be delivered at the remanufacturing plant. Distances were obtained from Google Maps. The number of the expected EOL AC units was estimated based on the population density of each city. The number was calculated by taking the city's population times as a ratio defined as:  
Ratio = Number of AC unit in use/KSA population  
= 3.3 million/27 million = 0.122  
The weighted average was used to calculate the average distance travelled by a unit of collected ACs. This was found to be 845.3 km per collected unit. In a life cycle inventory, the collection phase consists of two major processes: transport and inspection. Since inspection is conducted visually, no inventory is associated with this process. Transportation requires a diesel refinery. This process should be included in this phase's inventory, in addition to the transportation of an AC unit for a distance of 845.3 km.