### Characterizing Renewable Generation Across Climate Zones  
The Koppen-Geiger climate classification system has long served as a foundational framework for categorizing global climates based on temperature and precipitation patterns [26]. Integrating Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems (HRES) across diverse Koppen-Geiger climate zones presents a significant opportunity to optimize technoeconomic performance in standalone and grid-connected applications. The methodology for mapping and optimizing these systems involves a comprehensive analysis of local climatic conditions, resource availability, and economic factors, which can vary dramatically across different geographical regions. [PERSON] et al. [27] studied the energy reliability and economic profitability of optimal PV-wind HRES in standalone and grid-connected systems considering 48 different locations from the Koppen-Geiger climate zones. However, this classification only considers temperature and precipitation, while the second and third-letter classifications provide limited relevance for photovoltaic (PV) applications. However, as the classification is based on temperature and precipitations is not well suited for energetic purposes. Recently, this classification has been adapted to better serve the photovoltaic (PV) sector by developing the Koppen-Geiger-photovoltaic (KGPV) classification. This innovative approach integrates solar irradiance as a critical factor influencing PV system performance, thereby enhancing the utility of the Koppen-Geiger framework for assessing solar energy potential across different climatic zones [28]. Finally, large-scale renewable energy projects can raise environmental and land-planning issues, particularly in ecologically sensitive areas or locales with competing land-use priorities [10]. Addressing these concerns necessitates a comprehensive and judicious approach to project development and environmental stewardship. In summary, although highly advantageous in sustainability and mitigating environmental impacts, adopting renewable energy sources presents a complex array of challenges linked to the variability of energy generation and its implications for effective energy management. Solving these multifaceted challenges necessitates innovative solutions across various domains, including energy storage, grid orchestration, transmission infrastructure enhancement, and establishing policy frameworks that underpin a dependable and resilient transition to renewable energy sources. Remarkably, the location-specific nature of these challenges emphasizes the importance of context-aware strategies to harness the potential of renewable resources efficiently. A pivotal factor in this context is the influence of latitude, which substantially dictates the availability and characteristics of solar and wind resources within a given geographical region. The energy derived from solar and wind sources arises from the intricate interactions involving the Earth, the sun, and the atmosphere, and these interactions exhibit latitude-dependent variations due to the Earth's axial tilt and its rotational dynamics [29]. Solar energy experiences notable variations in its availability dictated by latitude, driven primarily by the angle at which sunlight strikes the Earth's surface. Therefore, several aspects affecting this resource need to be considered:  
* Solar Insolation: Lower latitudes receive higher solar insolation due to direct sunlight, whereas higher latitudes experience reduced insolation as sunlight strikes at shallower angles. * Daylight Duration: High-latitude regions have extended daylight in summer but shorter daylight in winter, impacting solar energy generation. * Seasonal Variation: Seasonal fluctuations in solar energy are more pronounced at higher latitudes due to the Earth's axial tilt, while equatorial regions experience minimal variation.