## 3 Results
### Effect of R. chalepensis Ethanolic Extract and Fenofibrrate on Plasma Lipid Profile  
In the current study, Figure 2A-D illustrate the effects of _R. chalepensis_ ethanolic extract (RCEE) at different doses (20 mg/kg, 40 mg/kg) and fenofibrrate (FF) on the plasma levels of total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglycerides (TGs) in treated rats after 20 h.  
**Total Cholesterol (TC)**: The most significant reduction in TC levels was observed in the RCEE 40 mg/kg group, showing a remarkable 72.1% decrease compared to the high-cholesterol diet (HCG) control. This was followed by the RCEE 20 mg/kg group, which exhibited a substantial 67.6% reduction. The fenofibrrate (FF) group demonstrated a 39.6% decrease. All changes were statistically significant, with the RCEE 40 mg/kg group showing the highest significance (\(p<0.001\)), followed by the RCEE 20 mg/kg group (\(p<0.001\)) and the FF group (\(p<0.01\)) (Figure 2A).  
**High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C)**: Regarding HDL-C levels, the RCEE 40 mg/kg group again showed the most pronounced effect, with a significant reduction of 68.8% compared to the HCG control. The RCEE 20 mg/kg and FF groups also demonstrated significant decreases of 58.6% and 58.1%, respectively. The differences for all treatment groups were statistically significant, with the RCEE 40 mg/kg group having the highest significance (\(p<0.01\)) (Figure 2B).  
**Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)**: The RCEE 40 mg/kg group also led to the most significant reduction in LDL levels, with a 67.3% decrease compared to the HCG control. The RCEE 20 mg/kg group showed a 60.4% reduction, while the FF group exhibited a 47.7% decrease. All reductions were statistically significant, with the RCEE 40 mg/kg group demonstrating the highest significance (\(p<0.001\)), followed by the RCEE 20 mg/kg and FF groups at (\(p<0.01\)) (Figure 2C).  
**Triglycerides (TGs)**: Lastly, for TG levels, the RCEE 40 mg/kg group had the most substantial impact, resulting in a 90.6% decrease compared to the HCG control. The RCEE 20 mg/kg group showed an 86.7% reduction, while the FF group exhibited an 84.6% decrease. All reductions were statistically significant, with the RCEE 40 mg/kg group again showing the most pronounced effect (\(p<0.001\)), followed closely by the RCEE 20 mg/kg and FF groups (\(p<0.001\)) (Figure 2D).  
Notably, no adverse effects related to intraperitoneal injections of Triton WR-1339 or the administration of _R. chalepensis_ ethanolic extract or fenofibrrate were observed.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline  & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**(Mean \(\pm\) SD)**} \\ \hline
**Lipid Parameter** & **NCG (Control)** & **HCG (Triton)** \\ \hline Total Cholesterol (TC) (mg/dL) & 87.6 \(\pm\) 13.3 & 385.25 \(\pm\) 96.8 ** \\ \hline High-Density lipoprotein (HDL-C) (mg/dL) & 37.2 \(\pm\) 7.0 & 28 \(\pm\) 2.8 * \\ \hline Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL-C) (mg/dL) & 9.0 \(\pm\) 1.6 & 183 \(\pm\) 51.3 ** \\ \hline Triglycerides (TGs) (mg/dL) & 65.2 \(\pm\) 9.4 & 3421 \(\pm\) 1114.2 ** \\ \hline \end{tabular} Values are presented as means \(\pm\) SD from five animals per group. NCG: normal control group, HCG: hyperlipidemic control group. TC: total cholesterol, HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, TGs: triglycerides (* \(p<0.05\), ** \(p<0.01\)).  
\end{table}
Table 3: Plasma lipid levels after 20 h of Triton WR-1339 administration.