## 3 General Spatial Pattern and Meta-Pattern Model
### Spatial Pattern Formalization Model  
The aim of this section is to explain the general model of SPDIAM [2] that is used for SP identification algorithm and let us identify SP in the vector data of the spatial entities. In the scope of this article, the SP model will be used to describe and identify spatial meta-pattern defined in Section 4. The general assumption of SPDIAM is that there is SP formed by the existing distribution of variables across space [14]. Out of these distributions, certain aggregate quantities can be calculated, such as densities and accessibilities, which form part of the basis for ongoing decisions that will generate changes in CSS, as the whole [6]. SP is a recurring form of a complex physical entity that has spatial structure and can be presented as geometrical \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt}} \hline \hline
**Question** & **Component of Problem** & **Solution** & **Concept** \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{1. How to describe CSS?} & & (a) partially comprehensive model & \multirow{4}{*}{Spatial Entity (CSS model)} \\  & & (b) bottom-up model & \\ \cline{2-4}  & 1.2. How to describe CSS & (a) classify and assign solution & \multirow{4}{*}{Problem} \\  & analytical problems? & (SP) to the problem & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{2. How to structure SP properties and values?} & 2.1. How to structure SP properties and values? & (a) create SP (b) create SP values & \multirow{4}{*}{Pattern, Pattern Attribute} \\  & 2.2. How to create user defined and reusable SP? & (a) create SP based on previously defined meta-patterns and SP & \multirow{4}{*}{Pattern Type Pattern Attribute} \\  & 2.3. How to make SP configurable and extendable? & (a) use SP value measures & \multirow{4}{*}{Pattern Value, Measure, Measure Attribute} \\  & & (b) create new measures with new measure attributes & \multirow{4}{*}{Measure Attribute} \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{3. How to identify SP automatically?} & & (a) define quantifiable and scientifically based CSS measures & \multirow{4}{*}{Spatial Entity Attribute, Measure, Measure Attribute, Pattern Value} \\  & 3.1. How to describe CSS properties? & (a) use whole CSS information & \multirow{4}{*}{Method, Operation} \\  & 3.2. How to measure CSS properties? & (a) use generic and specific spatial tools & \multirow{4}{*}{Form, Structure} \\  & & (d) make constructs created by method simple and understandable & \\ \cline{2-4}  & 3.3. How to evaluate identified SP? & (a) use statistical indicators & \multirow{4}{*}{Indicator} \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{4. How to apply SP?} & & (a) assess CSS at different size and level & \multirow{4}{*}{Method, Operation} \\  & & (b) compare different CSS & \multirow{4}{*}{Form, Structure} \\  & & (c) use SP with CSS statistical data & \\ \cline{1-1}  & 4.1. How to analyze present CSS model? & (d) use different dimensions & \multirow{4}{*}{Method, Measure, Indicator, Pattern Attribute} \\ \cline{1-1}  & & (e) associate SP with other patterns and models & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & (f) use quantitative methods & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & instead of qualitative ones & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & (g) manage consequences of interdependence & \\ \cline{1-1}  & 4.2. How to indicate directions of CSS future transformation? & (a) use CSS measures & Operation \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Composition of SPDIAM problems and solutions. or topological primitives in a map [2; 29]. A structure is a set composed of relations between its elements [12]. SP could be approached on the basis of the theory of urban capitals by [PERSON] [7] as the four capitals (spatial, economic, ecological, social) are forming the functional background of a city and interacting constantly. The spatial capital is formed by spatial configurations that can significantly affect economic, social, and ecological processes [3]. Therefore, [PERSON] spatial capital approach could be seen as an expansion and additional explanation to the idea of pattern language by [PERSON] and makes a background for SP modeling and analysis.