# Artificial Intelligence of Things as New Paradigm in Aviation Health Monitoring Systems
## 3 Results
### Next-Generation AIoT in Aviation: FMDE, G-FMDE, and Satcom Integration  
The aircraft communication architecture depicted in Figure 7 represents the pinnacle of AIoT implementation in aviation health monitoring systems. This cutting-edge architecture incorporates three key components: the FMDE unit, the ground-based G-FMDE system, and satellite communication (Satcom) [66]. Together, these elements create an unparalleled framework for data collection, transmission, and analyses that fully realizes the potential of AIoT in modern aviation. The core components of this architecture are as follows:  
1. The FMDE--an optional unit that combines full AID capabilities into a single hardware, software, and connectivity solution;
2. The G-FMDE--a ground-based component that interconnects the external analytical IT system with the airline's analytical system;
3. Satcom--a satellite communication system that enables continuous, global data transmission. This integrated system creates a robust AIoT ecosystem that significantly enhances the depth, breadth, and efficiency of aircraft health monitoring capabilities while overcoming previous limitations. The FMDE enables the collection of over 40,000 parameters from various aircraft systems, doubling the data points from previous architectures. This massive increase in data collection exemplifies the Internet of Things aspect of AIoT, with tens of thousands of sensors continuously reporting their status. The communication infrastructure supporting this data collection is advanced and flexible:  
1. A 4G channel is used by the FMDE for fast data transmission when the aircraft is on the ground. 2. Satcom provides continuous, global data transmission capabilities, both on the ground and in-flight. This dual approach ensures robust and uninterrupted data transmission, crucial for real-time monitoring and analyses. The integration of Satcom is particularly significant as it eliminates dependency on ground-based infrastructure and airport location, enabling truly global, real-time health monitoring. The collected data are transmitted to three interconnected analytical systems:  
1. The airline analytical system handles immediate operational needs and airline-specific analyses. 2. The external analytical its system provides advanced or specialized analyses, potentially leveraging cloud computing or shared industry resources. 3. The G-FMDE as already noted in Section 3.5 acts as a bridge between the external and airline systems, facilitating seamless data integration and analyses. The inclusion of both airline-specific and external analytical systems, connected through the G-FMDE, allows for comprehensive data analyses that can leverage both proprietary airline knowledge and industry-wide expertise. In this architecture, there are the next AIoT advantages for aviation:  
* With over 40,000 parameters being monitored, the system can detect even the most subtle precursors to equipment failure or performance issues with unprecedented accuracy. * The integration of Satcom enables continuous data transmission regardless of the aircraft's location, allowing for true real-time monitoring and analyses. * The vast amount of data collected, combined with the interconnected analytical systems, allows for highly sophisticated AI models, leading to more accurate and earlier predictions of maintenance needs or potential failures. * With more data points and continuous transmission, airlines can make informed decisions about flight operations, maintenance scheduling, and resource allocation in real-time, potentially even mid-flight. Figure 7: Next-generation AIoT in aviation. * The comprehensive, real-time monitoring and analyses enabled by this system can lead to immediate detection of potential safety issues, allowing for proactive interventions regardless of the aircraft's location. * The use of Satcom significantly reduces reliance on variable ground-based infrastructure, ensuring consistent performance across different regions and airports.