# The Effect of Nerolidol on Renal Dysfunction following Bilateral Ureteral Obstruction
###### Abstract  
Background/Objectives: Obstructive uropathy is a common cause of renal impairment. Recently, there has been a burgeoning interest in exploring natural products as potential alternative remedies for many conditions due to their low toxicity, affordability and wide availability. **Methods:** We investigated the effect of nerolidol in a rat model of bilateral ureteral obstruction (BUO) injury. Nerolidol, dissolved in a vehicle, was administered orally as a single daily dose of 200 mg/kg to Wistar rats. Sham group (n = 12) underwent sham surgery, whereas the BUO (n = 12) and BUO/NR groups (n = 12) underwent reversible 24-h BUO and received the vehicle or nerolidol, respectively. The treatment started 9 days prior to the BUO/sham surgery and continued for 3 days after reversal. Renal functions were assessed before starting the treatment, just prior to the intervention and 3 days after BUO reversal. **Results:** Neither nerolidol nor the vehicle affected the basal renal functions. Nerolidol resulted in a significant attenuation in the BUO-induced alterations in renal functional parameters such as serum creatinine and urea, creatinine clearance and urinary albumin-creatinine ratio. Nerolidol also attenuated the changes in several markers associated with renal injury, inflammation, apoptosis and oxidative stress and mitigated the histological alterations. **Conclusions:** The findings of this study demonstrated the potent reno-protective effects of nerolidol in mitigating the adverse renal effects of bilateral ureteral obstruction. This is attributed to its anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic, anti-apoptotic and anti-oxidant properties. These effects were reflected in the partial recovery of renal functions and histological features. These findings may have potential therapeutic implications. bilateral ureteral obstruction; nerolidol; acute kidney injury 202412228520241222852024122285202412  
plants, such as _Piper claussenianum_[9; 10]. It plays an important role in the defense mechanisms of many plants [11]. Nerolidol has been gaining a lot of attention lately because it has been proven to be effective in several conditions in various organs. For instance, nerolidol has been shown to exhibit neuroprotective effects in mouse hippocampus, as it mitigated the neurological damage induced by oxidative stress [12]. It has also been proven to have a cardioprotective effect in rats with myocardial infarction [13]. In addition, nerolidol has an antimicrobial effect against several microbial organisms including _Staphylococcus aureus_, _Escherichia coli_, and _Candida albicans_[14]. Owing to its pharmacological and biological activities, nerolidol has shown promise in treating various conditions affecting the kidney. For instance, nerolidol demonstrated therapeutic potential against lipopolysaccharide-induced acute kidney injury in rats [15]. The administration of nerolidol led to a reduction in kidney tissue injury markers and mitigation of the alterations in the pro-inflammatory cytokines, and ultimately resulted in an improvement in renal functions. In another in vivo and in vitro study, nerolidol exhibited potent protective effects against cyclophosphamide-induced renal toxicity [16]. It effectively mitigated changes in oxidative stress and apoptotic, inflammatory, and fibrotic markers. In addition, in a rat model, we have recently investigated the effect of nerolidol on renal ischemia-reperfusion injury [17]. The findings suggested that a daily dose of 200 mg/kg of nerolidol had significantly attenuated the ischemia-reperfusion injury-induced changes in the level of serum creatinine and urea, creatinine clearance, and urine albumin-creatinine ratio. Additionally, nerolidol reduced the expression of several kidney injury, pro-inflammatory, profibrotic, proapoptotic, and oxidative stress markers, as well as histological alterations. In view of this evidence, it is possible that nerolidol has a protective effect on ureteral obstruction. However, this effect has not been investigated yet.