## 6 Results
### Total RE Installed Capacity/Technology vs. the Total No. of Patents/Technologies  
Tables 17-20 show the relationships between the hydro, wind, solar, and bio installed capacities and the corresponding patents for each technology. The solar energy results (Table 19) in Brazil \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Country** & **Coefficients** & **Adjusted \(\text{R}^{2}\)** & **F Stats** & **Correlations** \\ \hline China & 0.002686 & 0.985 & 1035.536 & 0.993 \\ \hline Brazil & 0.006503 & 0.897 & 140.649 & 0.951 \\ \hline USA & 0.001058 & 0.968 & 480.42 & 0.985 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 16: Relationship between the total RE installed capacity and the total no. of patents. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline  & **Coefficients** & **Standardized Coefficients** & **Correlation** & **F stats** & **Adjusted \(\text{R}^{2}\)** \\ \hline Constant & 128.413 * & - & - & \\ \hline EI + RD& 7.487 * & 1.627 & 0.814 * & \\ \hline IE + VA & \(-\)39.515 ** & \(-\)1.581 & 0.723 * & 17.513 * & 0.889 \\ \hline PS + RI & 6.831 *** & 0.766 & 0.795 * & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}  
* \(p\) value \(<\) 0.01, **\(p\) value \(<\) 0.05, and ***\(p\) value \(<\) 0.1. Dependent variable: total RE capacity; independent variables: EI + RD&D, IE + VA, and PS + RI.  
\end{table} 
Table 15: Statistics of the model of the United States. are excluded because all the data are reported to be zero in the IRENA database during the period 2000-2016. The correlations between the dependent and independent variables are positive and large, which emphasizes the existence of strong positive relations between them. The models satisfied all the statistical tests, which proved to be perfect. The following remarks are drawn from the tables:  
1. The total hydro installed capacity in Brazil increases by 40.221 GW for one thousand additional hydro patents against 24.044 GW in China and 1.073 GW in the USA. 2. Table 18 depicts that the wind capacity increases in China by 4.225 GW for 1000 added wind patents against 3.918 and 3.614 GW in the USA and Brazil. 3. The solar capacity increases in China by 496 MW/1000 solar patents versus 392 MW in the USA. 4. Table 20 illustrates that the bio energy patents have a strong effect on the bio energy capacity in Brazil, while weak effects are detected for China and the USA. The increase in Brazil's bio energy capacity is found to be 4011 MW/1000 patents against 297 MW in China and 18 MW in the USA. * The installed solar and wind capacities are greatly enhanced by the RE policies taken in China. On the other hand, Brazil has the largest capacity per policy ratio in hydro and bio sources. Therefore, countries that want to improve their solar and wind energy capacities should be aware of the policies that China has adopted in those fields. Similarly, countries may benefit from the hydro and bio policies adopted in Brazil. * There are strong positive relationships between the RE installed capacity and the different policies in China, but the PS + RI policies have the strongest impact on the total RE capacity, followed by the EI + RD&D policies. This is attributed to the dependence of the Chinese government on time-limited strategic plans and legislations in promoting advanced renewable technology applications (such as the RE law, 2009; the plan of the Ministry of Industry, 2012; and the 13 th 5-year plan, 2016-2020). In addition, China has used EI policies via introducing subsidies and FITs to renewables. * In the USA, the EI+RD&D and PS+ RI policies have had positive effects on the total installed RE capacity, while the IE+VA policies have had a negative effect on the total installed RE capacity. On the other hand, the major focus in the USA was on EI policies such as giving subsidies, grants, tax exemptions, and incentives to RE projects (such as the subsidies and grants given to RE projects to produce 188 MW from concentrated solar power and 95 MW from hydropower).