# An Emergency Alert Broadcast Based on the Convergence of 5G and ATSC 3.0
## 5 Conclusions  
We propose a novel emergency alert broadcast method in mobile environments, which considerably enhances the service qualities of emergency alert broadcast: lower delivery latency, more abundant emergency information, and higher accessibility of illiterate persons or foreigners. The presented broadcast approach is based on the convergence of the 5G cellular network and the ATSC 3.0 network. In this paper, we suggest a new architecture for the convergence. The convergence architecture exploits the N3 IWF (an element of the 5G SBA) for interworking between ATSC 3.0 network and 5G core network. In order to associate the AEA message with the corresponding CBS message in the convergence architecture, we propose a modified AEAT, which includes CBS ID for the association of the AEA message with the corresponding CBS message. We also present a novel scenario for the emergency alert service on the convergence network. The scenario highlights the role of the N3 IWF for the broadcast of CBS and AEA messages on the convergence network. For the simultaneous delivery of CBS message and AEA message on the convergence network, the scenario also specifies the relations among the CBS paging, the CBS message broadcast, and the AEA message broadcast. Since the convergence network takes the advantages of the 5G and the ATSC 3.0 systems, the proposed approach can afford to offer abundant emergency information to mobile phone users, including illiterate persons or foreigners. Furthermore, the presented method significantly lowers transmission latency, since the users can receive the CBS message and/or the AEA message from the 5G and the ATSC 3.0 networks, respectively. Simulation results confirm the validity of the proposed emergency alert broadcast approach. The simulation evaluation exhibits that the presented method profoundly outperforms the 5G CBS and the ATSC 3.0 AEA methods in terms of latency. This reveals that the proposed approach is more suitable for urgent emergency cases. The results also indicate that the presented method can offer more abundant emergency information in addition to text-based information to mobile phone users including illiterate persons or foreigners. The simulation results also show that various emergency information (from abundant multimedia information to limited text information) is available according to the decoding state. This guarantees that the proposed approach is more reliable and flexible than the 5G CBS and the ATSC 3.0 AEA methods. Figure 11: _Cont._Figure 11: The comparison of terminal displays in the cases of success decoding of both 5G CBS and AEA messages, success decoding of only 5G CBS message, and success decoding of only AEA message for the proposed broadcast approach. We implemented the illustration of Figure 11 using HTML5. Therefore, the illustration of Figure 11 can be displayed on the screens of various platforms including smartphones. (**a**) shows the terminal display in the case of success decoding of both 5G CBS and AEA messages. As illustrated in (**a**), the terminal display includes the long text such as guideline, the image, the multimedia content of the AEA message as well as the short text of the CBS message. Therefore, even illiterate or foreign persons can easily recognize the emergency type such as earthquake or hurricane. (**b**) illustrates the case that the receiver failed in decoding the CBS message. As shown in (**b**), the sub-window for CBS text is blank. However, users can still achieve abundant emergency information from the AEA message. (**c**) illustrates the case that the receiver failed in decoding the AEA message. The sub-windows for AEA message are blank in (**e**). In this case, users can just achieve a limited emergency information from the CBS message. However, the information is still useful for most users. In order to further enhance the latency performance for the emergency alert broadcast approach, a cooperation scheme can be considered.