## 3 Results and Discussion
### Enzyme Inhibitory Properties  
Current pharmacological approach to treat Alzheimer's disease includes cholinesterase inhibitors administration in order to maintain normal level of acetylcholine [33]. Both acetyl (AChE) and butylryl (BChE) cholinesterase catalyze the hydrolysis of acetylcholine thereby terminating cholinergic signals in the nervous system. In the current investigation, the root extract of _C. officinalis_ obtained by maceration \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Parts**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Methods**} & **DPPH (mg** & **ABTS (mg** & **CUPRAC (mg** & **FRAP (mg** & **Metal Chelating (mg** \\  & **TE/g extract)** & **TE/g extract)** & **TE/g extract)** & **TE/g extract)** & **EDTA/g extract)** \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Flowers} & HAE & 35.90 \(\pm\) 0.06 \({}^{\text{b,c}}\) & 46.11 \(\pm\) 0.59 \({}^{\text{b}}\) & 107.53 \(\pm\) 2.97 \({}^{\text{a,b}}\) & 55.94 \(\pm\) 0.41 \({}^{\text{c}}\) & 12.58 \(\pm\) 0.24 \({}^{\text{d,e}}\) \\  & MAC & 34.75 \(\pm\) 0.24 \({}^{\text{c}}\) & 48.15 \(\pm\) 1.49 \({}^{\text{b}}\) & 109.68 \(\pm\) 2.70 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 58.96 \(\pm\) 1.57 \({}^{\text{b}}\) & 13.59 \(\pm\) 0.74 \({}^{\text{d}}\) \\  & UAE & 32.18 \(\pm\) 0.31 \({}^{\text{d}}\) & 46.61 \(\pm\) 0.27 \({}^{\text{b}}\) & 103.11 \(\pm\) 1.29 \({}^{\text{b}}\) & 52.75 \(\pm\) 1.21 \({}^{\text{d}}\) & 10.79 \(\pm\) 0.17 \({}^{\text{e}}\) \\  & SOX & 37.58 \(\pm\) 0.69 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 57.69 \(\pm\) 0.64 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 106.21 \(\pm\) 0.19 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 63.43 \(\pm\) 1.41 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 16.95 \(\pm\) 0.47 \({}^{\text{c}}\) \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Leaves} & HAE & 27.40 \(\pm\) 0.31 \({}^{\text{d}}\) & 35.53 \(\pm\) 0.43 \({}^{\text{d}}\) & 80.91 \(\pm\) 0.47 \({}^{\text{d}}\) & 47.75 \(\pm\) 0.92 \({}^{\text{f}}\) & 22.26 \(\pm\) 2.23 \({}^{\text{b}}\) \\  & MAC & 30.38 \(\pm\) 0.92 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 35.96 \(\pm\) 0.61 \({}^{\text{d}}\) & 75.32 \(\pm\) 1.63 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 49.02 \(\pm\) 0.29 \({}^{\text{e}}\) & 20.11 \(\pm\) 0.06 \({}^{\text{b}}\) \\  & UAE & 28.07 \(\pm\) 0.19 \({}^{\text{f}}\) & 35.37 \(\pm\) 0.73 \({}^{\text{d}}\) & 83.69 \(\pm\) 1.18 \({}^{\text{d}}\) & 44.91 \(\pm\) 0.71 \({}^{\text{d}}\) & 21.65 \(\pm\) 0.87 \({}^{\text{b}}\) \\  & SOX & 36.78 \(\pm\) 0.21 \({}^{\text{a,b}}\) & 47.16 \(\pm\) 0.81 \({}^{\text{b}}\) & 89.74 \(\pm\) 1.63 \({}^{\text{c}}\) & 51.63 \(\pm\) 0.36 \({}^{\text{d,e}}\) & 26.11 \(\pm\) 0.40 \({}^{\text{a}}\) \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Roots} & HAE & 24.02 \(\pm\) 0.37 \({}^{\text{b}}\) & 30.95 \(\pm\) 1.02 \({}^{\text{e}}\) & 57.65 \(\pm\) 0.37 \({}^{\text{f}}\) & 35.37 \(\pm\) 0.04 \({}^{\text{h}}\) & 13.02 \(\pm\) 0.32 \({}^{\text{d,e}}\) \\  & MAC & 20.57 \(\pm\) 0.25 \({}^{\text{h}}\) & 32.60 \(\pm\) 0.07 \({}^{\text{e}}\) & 57.91 \(\pm\) 0.75 \({}^{\text{f}}\) & 35.37 \(\pm\) 0.97 \({}^{\text{h}}\) & 13.04 \(\pm\) 1.14 \({}^{\text{d,e}}\) \\ \cline{1-1}  & UAE & 21.29 \(\pm\) 0.11 \({}^{\text{h}}\) & 30.53 \(\pm\) 0.95 \({}^{\text{e}}\) & 56.36 \(\pm\) 0.83 \({}^{\text{f}}\) & 30.55 \(\pm\) 1.70 \({}^{\text{i}}\) & 11.01 \(\pm\) 0.73 \({}^{\text{e}}\) \\ \cline{1-1}  & SOX & 21.84 \(\pm\) 0.95 \({}^{\text{h}}\) & 37.70 \(\pm\) 0.80 \({}^{\text{c}}\) & 57.33 \(\pm\) 0.82 \({}^{\text{f}}\) & 36.02 \(\pm\) 0.28 \({}^{\text{h}}\) & 16.51 \(\pm\) 0.34 \({}^{\text{c}}\) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} Values are reported as mean \(\pm\)5.D. HAE: Homogenizer assisted extraction; MAC: Maceration; UAE: Ultrasound assisted extraction; SOX: Soxhlet. TE: Trolox equivalent: EDTAE: EDTA equivalent. Different superscripts (a–i) in the same column indicate significantly differences among the tested extracts (\(p<0.05\), by ANOVA assay).  
\end{table} 
Table 3: Antioxidant properties of the tested extracts. showed highest inhibition against AChE (2.54 mg GALAE/g extract) while the homogenizer assisted extract showed highest inhibition against BChE (6.08 mg GALAE/g extract).