## 4 Data Description
### Model Formulation
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l l l l} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Variable Category**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Variable**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Variable Description**} & **Mean** & **Standard** \\  & & & **Value** & **Deviation** \\  & & & **(All Vehicles)** & \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{Location-related variables of the following vehicle _i_} & \multirow{2}{*}{\(L_{\text{INIT}}\)} & The initial lane of the following vehicle, \(L_{\text{INIT}}\) (1–4) is numbered from left to right of vehicles’ driving direction. & 1.909 & 0.943 \\  & & An indicator variable for lane-marking features of the sub-segment, 0 if non-lane marked, 1 if lane marked. & 0.101 & 0.301 \\  & & The average width of the sub-segment where the vehicle is & 37.769 & 15.236 \\  & & & Inclatorator variable for the number of lanes vehicle changes to the left, \(N_{\text{ILLC}}=1\) for less than two lanes, & 2.031 & 1.532 \\  & & & \(N_{\text{ILLC}}=2\) for more than two lanes. & & \\  & & & An indicator variable for the number of lanes vehicle changes to & & \\  & & & the right, \(N_{\text{ILLC}}=1\) for less than two lanes, & 2.892 & 1.673 \\  & & & \(N_{\text{ILLC}}=2\) for more than two lanes. & & \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{Speed-related variables of the following vehicle _i_} & \multirow{2}{*}{\(V_{\text{MEAN}}\)} & Average speed in whole toll plaza diverging area, \(\text{m}/\text{s}^{2}\). & 17.150 & 4.275 \\  & & \(V_{\text{MEAN}}\) & Average acceleration in whole toll plaza diverging area, \(\text{m}/\text{s}^{2}\). & 0.429 & 0.387 \\  & & \(V_{\text{MEAN}}\) & Average deceleration in whole toll plaza diverging area, \(\text{m}/\text{s}^{2}\). & \(-\)0.390 & 0.533 \\  & & & The standard deviation of vehicle acceleration in whole toll plaza diverging area, \(\text{m}/\text{s}^{2}\). & 0.755 & 0.497 \\  & & & The maximum vehicle acceleration in whole toll plaza diverging & & \\  & & & area, \(\text{m}/\text{s}^{2}\). & 2.474 & 1.917 \\  & & \(TV_{\text{MEAN}}\) & The average speed within 3 s. & 17.248 & 4.250 \\  & & \(TV_{\text{STD}}\) & 3 s, \(\text{m}/\text{s}\). & 0.422 & 0.370 \\  & & \(TA_{\text{MEAN}}\) & The average acceleration within 3 s. & \(-\)0.388 & 0.541 \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{Traffic condition variables related to the area around the following vehicle _i_} & \multirow{2}{*}{\(Z_{\text{VOL}}\)} & The average traffic volume of the sub-segments, vph. & 6389.150 & 2926.179 \\  & & \(Z_{\text{VMEAN}}\) & The average speed of all vehicles in sub-segments. & 17.030 & 2.676 \\  & & \(Z_{\text{VSTD}}\) & The standard deviation of speed of all vehicles in sub-segments. & 3.475 & 1.619 \\  & & \(Z_{\text{MEAN}}\) & Average deceleration of all vehicles in sub-segments, \(\text{m}/\text{s}^{2}\). & 3.154 & 0.970 \\  & & \(Z_{\text{NETTC}}\) & The number of vehicles with ETTC less than 4 s in sub-segments. & 1.114 & 1.109 \\  & & \(Z_{\text{NETTC}}\) & The percentage of vehicles with ETTC less than 4 s in & 0.343 & 0.301 \\  & & \(Z_{\text{MEAN}}\) & The average ETTC value of all vehicles in sub-segments. & 1.556 & 1.296 \\  & & \(Z_{\text{STD}}\) & The standard deviation of ETTC of all vehicles in sub-segments. & 1.195 & 0.479 \\  & & \(Z_{\text{TET}}\) & The time exposed to collision of the following vehicle, s. & 1.195 & 0.478 \\  & & \(Z_{\text{PETC}}\) & The percentage of ETC vehicles in sub-segments. & 0.441 & 0.355 \\  & & \(Z_{\text{MIX}}\) & The mix measure of MTC and ETC vehicles in sub-segments. & 0.491 & 0.468 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Statistics of candidate variables. Figure 5: Layout of diverging area segments.