## 1 Introduction
Systems engineering (SE) is defined as a methodical, multi-disciplinary approach for the design, realization, technical management, operation, and retirement of a system [20]. SE is a discipline of knowledge that can help businesses to provide significant social, environmental, and economical global benefits by turning the policy intentions into requirements for consistent delivery through enterprises and practical systems [21]. SE has been an active supporting discipline for the implementation of the SDGs through providing effective approaches and toolsets to reframe the SDGs [22]. The International Council on Systems Engineering (INCOSE) introduced its Vision 2025 for Systems Engineering, in which they promote the role of systems engineers in approaching the world's complicated challenges of sustainability and the growing stress on natural resources. Vision 2025 resulted from multidisciplinary work by leaders from industry, academia, and government. Vision 2025 reaffirmed the SE concepts of a multidisciplinary approach and stakeholders' expectations as a driver for a system's transition, a product's full life-cycle management, and data management [23]. Norwegian salmon value chain (NSVC). For several years Norway has been the world's second-largest seafood exporter. Seafood is the second-largest export product category in the Norwegian economy [24]. In Norway, the salmon industry is widely perceived as an economic success story [25; 26]. Seafood value chains are not limited to the entities or activities of wild fisheries, aquaculture, and seafood processing, but also encompass and influence other industries [27]. The Norwegian salmon value chain includes aquaculture production, the salmon-feed industry, and postharvest processing [28]. Farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in Norway is a significant contributor to the Norwegian economy and in 2019 it recorded a total revenue of about seven billion USD [29]. The world's largest salmon producers are Norwegian [30]. NSVC earns most of its revenue by exporting more than 90% of its production. The salmon industry in Norway employs thousands of people, and the numbers continue to increase [31]. NSVC represents all the activities necessary to transform primary input raw material into the output food product. The central activity of growing the salmon takes place in sea-cages at farming sites in the Norwegian marine environment. The salmon-feed industry is an important part of the NSVC; the feed is made using imported ingredients mainly from South America [32]. The salmon product is exported to the global market, including Japan, China, Europe, the Middle East, North America, and more. Because the NSVC imports raw feed ingredients from several countriesand most of the final product is exported to countries all over the world, the NSVC can be described as a global value chain. The major sustainability challenges facing the NSVC, as frequently reported in the literature, are the following: sea lice parasites [33], fish escapees from the sea-cages in the farming sites to the surrounding marine environment [34; 35], and the environmental footprint of the imported feed ingredients [36; 37; 38; 39; 40]. The efficiency in nutrient utilization management, starting from feed production all the way to postharvest byproducts, receives steady focus in NSVC sustainable development research [32; 41; 42; 43]. This study's main purpose is to develop a systems engineering-based framework for gaining insight into the SDG integration process within the Norwegian salmon value chain. The proposed framework will be applied and its outcomes will be discussed.