# Efficacy of Four In Vitro Fungicides for Control of Wilting of Strawberry Crops in Puebla-Mexico
## 3 Results
### In Vitro Sensitivity Bioassay and Mycelial-Growth Inhibition  
The treatments under study showed highly significant differences (\(p=0.0001\)) in colony diameter, growth rate, and percentage inhibition, as well as interaction of the active ingredient of the different fungicide concentrations, at a 95% confidence level (Table 4). Figure 1: Morphology of the MA-FC120 strain: (**A**) Appearance of colony on PDA culture medium; (**B**) False heads of microconidia held in monophialides seen at 40\(\times\) and 1000\(\times\); (**C**) Chlamydomonaspora seen at 1000\(\times\); (**D**,**E**) microconidia and macroconidia seen at 400\(\times\) and 100\(\times\), respectively; (**F**) Colony reverse staining on PDA. Figure 3: Pathogenicity tests on strawberry plants (var. Camino Real): (**A**) healthy control plant without symptoms of drying, (**B**) plant with wilting and death of foliage, (**C**) cross-section of strawberry root showing ascending root rot. Table 5 shows the summary of the MULTIVARIATE ANOVA analysis for the quadratic response surface model, finding highly significant statistical differences. Model value for F = 523.500 (Treatments), 0.310 (Rate of Development), and 330.807 (Growth Rate), which implies a highly significant model for the percentage inhibition of mycelial growth (1%) in vitro. All fungicides inhibited the growth rate of strain MA-FC120 compared to the control. However, systemic fungicide Benomyl 50\({}^{\text{\textregistered}}\) was the most effective product, presenting highly significant statistical differences with the protectant fungicides, inhibiting 100% of fungal development from the first days of incubation in the three doses applied (Figure 3). The growth rate in the negative control group was 6.7104 mm d\({}^{-1}\). It was observed that, with the different concentrations of fungicides, it decreased considerably; however,  
Figure 2: The optimal tree with the sum of branch length = 0.1818 is shown. The tree is drawn to scale, with branch lengths in the same units as those of the evolutionary distances used to infer the phylogenetic tree generated from concatenated ITS/EF-1\(\alpha\) sequences. _Fusarium oxysporum_ was used as the outgroup. The MA-FC120 strains obtained in this study are shown in bold black. the systemic fungicide Benomyl 50(r) did not show growth after 10 days of incubation in the three doses applied (Table 4). The protective fungicide Taloni175(r) at double the commercial dose (1350 mg L\({}^{-1}\)) showed an inhibition percentage of 75.70% (Table 4) on mycelial growth and development. However, the protective fungicides Captan 50(r) and Mancosol 80(r) showed an inhibition percentage of 50% on the mycelial growth and development of strain MA-FC120 under in vitro conditions after ten days of incubation. It is worth mentioning that the fungicide Mancosol 80(r) at the lowest dose of 600 mg L\({}^{-1}\) showed a harmless effect on mycelial growth and development, obtaining 10.73%. Inhibition percentage (Table 4). In general, as the dose of the fungicides increased, an increase in the percentage of inhibition was observed.