# Green Public Procurement for Accelerating the Transition towards Sustainable Freight Transport
## 4 Results
### The Perspective of Municipalities  
The results are cross tabulated with the size of municipalities to see if there are any differences that may depend on the number of inhabitants in each municipality. Observing the statistics in Table 6 reveals a relationship between adoption of strategies and number of inhabitants in the municipality. Municipalities with a large population are more probable to have an implemented strategy for promoting green public procurement (GPP). Political decisions seem to be more important than the Public Procurement Act from 2017. An important insight from the interviews is that in smaller municipalities, both political will and personal interest in the administrations play more important roles in success with GPP for freight transport. Municipalities were also asked what kind of commodities and services they included as requirements related to sustainable transport. The responses show that requirements apply \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & \multicolumn{6}{c}{**Municipalities by Population Size**} \\ \hline
**Does Your Organisation Have a** & & & & & & & \\
**Strategy to Increase Share of** & & & & & & & \\
**Environmentally Friendly Transport** & & & & & & & \\
**in Procurement?** & & & & & & & \\ \hline Yes, as a result of a political decision & 25\% & 18\% & 46\% & 50\% & 36\% & 78\% & 40\% \\ Yes, according to the legislation for & & & & & & & \\ Public Procurements from 2017 & & & & & & & \\ Yes, of other reasons & 13\% & 12\% & 8\% & 20\% & 27\% & 11\% & 15\% \\ No, the organization missing such a strategy & & & & & & & \\ Don’t know & & & & & & & \\ N of respondents & & 8 & 17 & 13 & 10 & 11 & 9 & 68 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 6: Which municipalities has a strategy and why. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & \multicolumn{6}{c}{**Municipalities by Population Size**} \\ \hline
**Are Environmental Requirements for** & & & & & & & & \\
**Transport Included in Your** & & & & & & & \\
**Provement Processes?** & & & & & & & \\ \hline Yes, always & 13\% & 6\% & 31\% & 40\% & 36\% & 33\% & 25\% \\ Yes, for purchases over 100,000 NOK & 0\% & 17\% & 15\% & 30\% & 18\% & 44\% & 20\% \\ Yes, for purchases over 500,000 NOK & 13\% & 22\% & 15\% & 0\% & 9\% & 11\% & 13\% \\ Yes, for purchases over 1 million NOK & 0\% & 6\% & 0\% & 10\% & 18\% & 11\% & 7\% \\ No, never & 75\% & 50\% & 38\% & 20\% & 18\% & 0\% & 35\% \\ N of respondents & 8 & 18 & 13 & 10 & 11 & 9 & 71 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 5: Municipalities practice in terms of threshold values for applying of requirements. for all kind of goods, but are more common for office supplies, furniture, consumables, and food. As shown in Table 7, dialogue with freight service providers is the most common way to gain knowledge about low emission solutions or delivery alternatives. Responses summarised in Table 7 are based on a multiple-response question, therefore the total sum of responses is higher than the number of respondents. Percentages show the share of the respondents choosing each of the alternative responses. The technological maturity for low and zero emission vehicles varies between large and small vehicles [46]. The technology for small vehicles is mature enough to compete with conventional vehicles regarding range and payload. For heavy vehicles, however, the new technologies could currently only be competitive within urban areas. Considering the significantly higher purchase price compared to vehicles with internal combustion engines, it is reasonable to expect that requirements for low or zero emission vehicles would negatively affect the tender price. Results presented in Table 8, however, show that the municipalities do not clearly acknowledge this. A large share of the respondents from municipalities state that they do not know the effect on prices, and the share stating that the price remains unchanged is almost the same the share stating that the price increases due to environmental requirements in tenders.