## 2 Literature Review
### Review of the Literature on Ecological and Environmental Development
However, there are a few differences in their research emphasis. Some experts are focused on studying the bidirectional influence between the two. There are two main factors at play here. First, scientific and technological innovation impacts the ecological environment, and second, the evolution of ecological conditions influences the possibilities of scientific and technological innovation. (1) Science and technological advancement have a positive role in promoting the ecological environment. [PERSON] and [PERSON] proposed the concept of \"eco-innovation\", emphasizing the improvement in production efficiency through new technologies, new processes, and new methods brought about by scientific and technological innovation [31]. Scientific and technological innovation can further alleviate the negative impact of economic production activities on the ecological environment. [PERSON] et al. and [PERSON] et al. pointed out that technological innovation can be used as a tool to alleviate severe environmental crises [32; 33]. Technological innovation can reduce carbon emission levels,promote environmentally sustainable development in various countries, and improve environmental quality [34; 35]. [PERSON] et al. developed an evaluation index system to measure the overall efficiency of advances in the technological and ecological environment. They used an output-oriented relational two-stage data-envelopment examination model to assess the impact of technical advancements on environmental sustainability [36]. In their study, [PERSON] et al. employed experimental geographic data analysis techniques and spatial econometric models to investigate the spatial correlation and influence of technological innovation on the ecological environment at both global and local levels [37]. Their findings indicate that technological innovation exerts varying impacts on the ecological environment across different regions. Furthermore, differences and relevant policy suggestions were put forward in response to local conditions. In addition, several academics believe that the extent of environmental contamination is intricately linked to degrees in technological advancement and development. Consequently, it is imperative to enhance efficiency and optimize the ecological environment by technical and scientific means [38]. (2) Ecological environment development impacts on technological and scientific creativity. The famous theory \"Porter Hypothesis\" proposes that in the short term, corporate production costs may tend to rise under strict environmental protection regulations, but in the long term, it can promote the upgrading of corporate structures and stimulate innovation vitality [39]. [PERSON] and [PERSON] proposed that moderate environmental regulations will encourage enterprises to engage in technological innovation [40; 41]. With the advent of the Industry 4.0 era, sustainable development has entered the agenda of many countries, pushing governments to adopt green technology innovation measures, affecting regional innovation and ecological efficiency. In addition, some scholars emphasize that environmental regulation is an essential means to promote regional green development, and various environmental rules can have diverse impacts on technology innovation [42]. The research direction of another group of scholars lies in the synergistic influence between two or more systems. They have conducted relevant research and discussions on the synergy and coupling coordination relationships between dual systems or multiple systems. (1) Investigations on the potential correlation between technological innovation and ecological environmental systems have been carried out. [PERSON] and [PERSON] explored the interplay between advances in technology and the ecological setting [5]. They achieved this by developing a dual-system evaluation index system and integrating it with the coupling coordination degree model. [PERSON] et al.