## 7 Conclusions  
In the present study, a CFD code was established and validated against measured data to analyse the thermal-comfort levels in a historical office building. Four different summer scenarios were studied by considering two inlet flow rates of the fan coil, with and without solar irradiation, and two scenarios varying the inlet air-flow rate during winter. Different local discomfort indices, in addition to the predicted mean vote (\(PMV\)) and predicted percentage of dissatisfied (\(PPD\)), were evaluated for each case study to identify the occupants' thermal perception at different zones. The obtained results allowed for finding discomfort zones due to the studied building characteristics and cooling system, and working places in which better thermal comfort could be obtained. The findings of the present study provide insights into achieving better thermal comfort condition inside offices located in buildings with historical value. According to the results of the numerical simulations, the following conclusions were reached:  
* Solar irradiation was the most influential parameter in terms of thermal comfort inside the office in summer-cooling conditions. It was important to weaken its effects by adopting a tent or by employing more efficient windows. As was observed for winter, working stations should be rearranged, so that enough space is left from the windows to avoid direct solar radiation to the desks.
* In summer, in the absence of solar radiation, the higher inlet air-flow rate of fan coil caused a significant increase in the percentage of discomfort due to the draught rate. Therefore, it is reasonable to use a low and at the same time reduce energy consumption.
* Among different summer case studies, the case with a higher inlet flow rate of fan coil in the presence of solar radiation had the lowest values of \(PPD\) inside the room. Moreover, Station 2 was directly intercepted by the discharged air flow, and a high value of \(DR\) was found.
* During winter, the distribution of the thermal comfort parameters was much more uniform. A high inlet air-flow rate improved the \(PMV\) values, but the values of \(PD_{v}\) associated with vertical temperature gradients increased with respect to the minimal discharged air velocity. Enough space should be left between the working stations and external walls to avoid possible local discomfort due to floor temperature.  
The results show that the low energy efficiency of historical buildings results in the intensive asymmetry of indoor air velocity and temperature distribution, especially during summer, so different degrees of comfort were found in different working places within the room. The findings of this study allow for identifying and rearranging the optimal position of working stations in terms of the thermal comfort during both heating and cooling seasons. The adopted multiobjective optimisation is a low-cost solution for the improvement of thermal comfort in buildings with historical value where the energy demand is immense and there is no possibility to modify the energy characteristics of the envelope.  
Conceptualisation, B.P., G.S., A.J., P.G. and E.P.B.d.V.; methodology, E.P.B.d.V., A.J., and B.P.; software, E.P.B.d.V.; validation, E.P.B.d.V. and P.G.; formal analysis, E.P.B.d.V. and B.P.; investigation, E.P.B.d.V.; data curation, E.P.B.d.V.; writing--original draft preparation, E.P.B.d.V., A.J., and B.P.; writing--review and editing, E.P.B.d.V., A.J., and B.P.; supervision, A.J., B.P., G.S., and P.G. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
This research received no external funding.  
This study does not require ethical approval.