## 3 Results and Discussion
### Nutritional Composition of Prunus dulcis Blossoms (PDBs) and Prunus dulcis Blossom Oil (PDBO)
Moreover, the PUFA: SFA ratio is the most commonly used indicator for assessing the nutritional value of dietary foods; the higher the value, the higher the nutritional value of the food. PDBO has a value of 1.31, while the most consumed meats have a PUFA:SFA ratio between 0.13 and 0.48. The PUFA:SFA ratio in fish ranges from 0.8 to 1.6 [55]. In addition, the COX (calculated oxidizability) value is a high priority since the lower its value, the better the oxidative stability and therefore the longer the shelf life of the oil. The COX value of sunflower oil is close to 6, and it is one of the most used oils, both in domestic and industrial use. In the present study, the COX value is 4.05, \(\sim\)32.5% less than sunflower oil [32]. Finally, a balanced \(\omega\)-6:3 ratio has great benefits to human health, whereas regular intake of imbalanced dietary essential fatty acids has detrimental effects on health. Depending on its value, this ratio can cause various immune-mediated diseases such as cardiovascular disease (4/1), colon cancer (2.5/1), and rheumatoid arthritis (2-3/1) [56]. Hence, it becomes clear that PDBO is a nutritious and valuable edible oil. The problem, however, arises from the fact that it is difficult to isolate in a large quantity. Total Polyphenol Content (TPC) and Total Carotenoid Content (TCC) of Prunus dulcis Blossom Oil (PDBO)  
Incorporating polyphenols into diets contributes significantly to reducing blood pressure, insulin resistance, and systemic inflammation. Furthermore, polyphenols exert a discernible influence on the gut microbiome composition, fostering improved human health [57]. Unlike almond oil, PDBO has not been studied before. According to the results, it was found that PDBO contains 51.86 \(\pm\) 3.97 mg GAE/kg TPC. The oil extracted from the \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c} \hline \hline
**Fatty Acid** & _Prunus dulcis_ Blossom Oil (\%) \\ \hline Lauric (C12:0) & 1.36 \(\pm\) 0.09 \\ Myristic (C14:0) & 1.82 \(\pm\) 0.13 \\ Palmitic (C16:0) & 14.88 \(\pm\) 1.09 \\ Arachidic (C20:0) & 14.38 \(\pm\) 0.4 \\ \(\sum\)_Saturated (SFA)_ & 32.44 \(\pm\) 1.71 \\ Oleic (C18:1) & 25.17 \(\pm\) 1.26 \\ \(\sum\)_Monousaturated (MULFA)_ & 25.17 \(\pm\) 1.26 \\ Linoleic (C18:2, \(\omega\)-6) & 15.64 \(\pm\) 0.61 \\ Linolenic (C18:3, \(\omega\)-3) & 10.15 \(\pm\) 0.55 \\ \(\alpha\)-Eleostearic (C18:3, \(\omega\)-3 isomer) & 16.6 \(\pm\) 0.68 \\ \(\sum\)_Polynunsaturated (PULFA)_ & 42.39 \(\pm\) 1.84 \\ \(\sum\)_Unsaturated (UIFA)_ 1 & 67.56 \(\pm\) 3.1 \\ _PULFA:SFA ratio_ & 1.31 \(\pm\) 0.01 \\ _MULFA:PULFA ratio_ & 0.59 \(\pm\) 0 \\ _\(\omega\)-6:3 ratio_ & 0.58 \(\pm\) 0 \\ COX 2 & 4.05 \(\pm\) 0.19 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} \({}^{1}\) UFAs, sum of MUFAs and PUFAs. 2 COX, calculated oxidizability value.  
\end{table} 
Table 2: Fatty acid (%) content in _Prunus dulcis_ blossom oil determined using GC-FID. almond nut of _Prunus dulcis_ contains 85.33-141.66 mg/kg TPC [58], while almond as a nut contains 392.00-11,030.50 mg/kg TPC [59]. Noteworthy is that almond polyphenols are mostly found in the skin, with values ranging from 9100.00 to 32,100.00 mg/kg TPC [60]. Although blossom oil does not contain such high TPC, it does contains a high amount. In fact, it could be compared with the TPC of olive oil which, depending on the variety and the area of cultivation and production, can vary from 50 to 800 mg/kg [61]. This outcome is quite promising as it seems that the oil extracted from PDBO not only has a high fatty acid content and low oxidation rate but also a high TPC. Carotenoids are well known for their antioxidant properties since they have beneficial effects on human health by reducing the risk of certain types of cancers and eye conditions [62]. Commonly, vegetable oils contain low levels of carotenoids [63]; however, in the present study, PDBO appears to have significant amounts of TCC (i.e., 62.19 mg/kg). Since PDBO appears to be a promising edible oil, a comparison with other common edible oils was deemed interesting.