## 1 Introduction  
The Hindukush-Karakoram-Himalaya (HKH) region is frequently called the \"water towers of Asia\" and are at the forefront of the change in the climate. Furthermore, from the beginning of the 1990s, global glacier loss might be as high as 70% due to anthropogenic sources [1]. [PERSON] et al. [2] indicated that despite the spatial differences, the loss of the HKH glacier mass appears to be related or somewhat lower than that of other glacial areas. Generally, monsoon in the southeast and westerlies in the northwest, the mass balance patterns from the southeast to the northwest of HKH are contrasted. Nevertheless, the processes affecting Himalayan glaciers are still not well known. [PERSON] et al. [3] suggested that the variations in HKH glacial mass impacting main rivers flow in the HKH that ultimately support more than 1.3 billion inhabitants. The HKH comprises around 52,000 glaciers and covers an area of approximately 60,000 km\({}^{2}\). The glacier altitude ranges from 2409 mean above sea level (mask). The highest seasonal snowpack in the HKH area can surpass 1.79 million km\({}^{2}\), or 42.9% of the entire area of land [4]. The atmospheric temperature has a rise of approximately between 0.8 and 1.2 \({}^{\circ}\)C due to greenhouse gases [5] and the world is at the edge of reaching the threshold of hazardous climate change which implies that study of all possible agents and pollutants is crucial. Apart from long-lived gases, short-lived agents including tropospheric ozone and black carbon are also responsible for climate warming [6]. Tropospheric ozone is formed by the reaction of nitrous oxides and volatile organic compounds which are released from fossil fuels and organic chemicals, respectively [7]. The BC influence on the cryosphere has garnered a lot of interest, according to [PERSON] and [PERSON] [8], BC can accelerate melting through a variety of mechanisms, including climatic warming that lower albedo due to its deposition on snow surfaces. The HKH is located close to some of the most significant sources of black carbon, and the proximity to identified transit routes makes it particularly vulnerable [9]. According to the World Resources Institute (WRI), black carbon is the second most significant climate pollutant after carbon dioxide, with total annual global emissions of 7500 Gg yr\({}^{-1}\) (with an uncertainty range of 2000-29,000 Gg yr\({}^{-1}\)) and total annual global climate forcing of approximately 1.1 W m\({}^{-2}\) (high uncertainty range 0.17-2.1 W m\({}^{-2}\)) [5]. Black carbon is a unique carbonaceous material that greatly absorbs forthcoming solar radiations and is produced primarily through incomplete combustion of fuels such as petroleum, biomass, coal, and biofuels. BC is extensively present in the atmosphere, including snow, rain, air, soil, and sediments [10]. BC concentration in the air is the main driver of rapid glacial retreat and major climatic radiative forcing along with the decrease in participation and rise in temperature. BC is mainly characterized by the absorbance of solar radiation and resistance to chemical modification. In the atmosphere, black carbon does not let the trapped solar energy emit back. Consequently, that raises the temperature and timing of glacial runoff. Black carbon has potentially strong impacts on snow cover and glacier melt that leads to positive climate forcing. By depositing onto the snow and ice surface, BC darkens the surface of glaciers and snowpack by reducing their albedo [10]. However, there is a noticeable lack of field measurements concerning spatial and temporal distribution of BC on inland glaciers of HKH Pakistan with the degree of change in albedo caused by the BC that leads to the accelerated snow and glacier melt. The complexity and susceptibility of mountain habitats to climate change are well understood [11,12]. HKH are among the mountain systems designated as \"critical zones\" [12,13].