###### Abstract  
The rapid growth of the human population in recent decades has resulted in the intensive development of various industries, the development of urban agglomerations and increased production of medicines for animals and humans, plant protection products and fertilizers on an unprecedented scale. Intensive agriculture, expanding urban areas and newly established industrial plants release huge amounts of pollutants into the environment, which, in nature, are very slowly degraded or not decomposed, which leads to their accumulation in water and terrestrial ecosystems. Researchers are scouring extremely contaminated environments to identify organisms that have the ability to degrade resistant xenobiotics, such as PAHs, some pharmaceuticals, plasticizers and dyes. These organisms are a potential source of enzymes that could be used in the bioremediation of industrial and municipal wastewater. Great hopes are pinned on oxidoreductase, including lacase, called by some a green biocatalyst because the end product of the oxidation of a wide range of substrates by this enzyme is water and other compounds, most often including dimers, trimers and polymers. Lacase immobilization techniques and their use in systems together with adsorption or separation have found application in the enzymatic bioremediation of wastewater. l acase; xenobiotics; protein engineering +
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drinking water, range from trace amounts expressed in ng/L in treated drinking water to as much as about 140 mg/L in untreated drinking water, especially in poor countries with deficiently developed systems of treatment plants and treatment plant water [12]. Another important group of xenobiotics is pharmaceuticals, which include about 10,000 different pharmaceuticals containing about 3000-4000 different active ingredients. Every year, hundreds of tonnes of pharmaceutical compounds are used worldwide [13], which are released into the environment unchanged or after metabolic changes in living organisms [14]. In ecosystems contaminated with pharmaceuticals, such as amoxicillin, azithromycin or erythromycin, populations of microorganisms with antibiotic resistance genes often develop. In addition, especially under the influence of EDCs, which include, e.g., hormones and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents, endocrine, neurological or metabolic disorders occur in both invertebrates and vertebrates [13; 15]. The occurrence of pharmaceuticals and their metabolites in surface water, groundwater, coastal seawater, drinking water and sediments has been reported [9]. Biodegradation of xenobiotics is most often a multistage process and consists of the decomposition of organic substances by microorganisms and the enzymes produced by them. The scope and speed of biodegradation changes are conditioned by a number of factors, among which the most important are considered to be the availability of the xenobiotic, metabolic and degradation potential of the microorganism, the oxygenation conditions and the presence of easily assimilable energy and building substrates in the environment [16]. Enzymes are an essential part of the metabolic pathways of all living cells and can be secreted outside cells, as is the case with microorganisms. Bacteria and fungi, depending on the species and even the strain, produce different classes of enzymes in variable amounts. This is closely related to their adaptation to life in various environments with different abiotic conditions (e.g., temperature, pH, pressure and oxygenation) and biotic conditions (including the availability of nutrients and sources of C, N and P). Enzymes enable microorganisms to use organic and inorganic substances, such as carbon and energy sources, by catalyzing the degradation of specific substances [17], which was used in the biodegradation of environmental xenobiotics. Lacases are currently being intensively researched for potential use in the biodegradation of xenobiotic compounds, such as pharmaceuticals, dyes or plasticizers [18].