# Novel Fuzzy Logic Scheme for Push-Based Critical Data Broadcast Mitigation in VNDN
## 6 Conclusions  
In VNDN, pull-based communication is basically supported. When a consumer requires content, it generates an interest packet (request) and broadcasts it to neighboring vehicles. The intermediate vehicles (routers) receive the interest, check the content in their CS, add the content to PIT along with its interface number, and broadcast it to their  
Figure 10: Total number of data packets broadcast with respect to the increasing number of vehicles.  
Figure 9: Total number of data packets broadcast with respect to the vehicle density; i.e., (\(\lambda=20\)).  
neighboring vehicles until it reaches the producer. The producer provides the content to the requested consumers using the same route. On the other hand, in push-based forwarding in VNDN, the producer generates critical content and broadcasts it to all the neighboring vehicles without any request; however, this creates a broadcast storm effect in the network. Therefore, we proposed the use of a fuzzy logic scheme to mitigate the broadcast storm effect in push-based data forwarding in VNDN. In our proposed scheme, fuzzy logic was designed to reduce the broadcast storm effect that could occur during the critical data packet broadcast in push-based data forwarding in VNDN. Critical circumstances were considered when a producer broadcast useful information to the rest of the vehicles. We employed the K-means clustering algorithm to divide the vehicles into groups. An Elbow algorithm was used to determine the optimum number of clusters. Then, the CH was selected using fuzzy logic. After the CH selection process, the producer would only forward the critical data packet to the CH. The CH would then exclusively broadcast it to all the member vehicles inside the cluster. In addition, the GW vehicles were responsible for the forwarding of the data packet to the GW vehicles of the neighboring clusters. As a result, the transmitted critical data packets were mitigated efficiently. The results show that the proposed scheme transmitted fewer data packets and reduced the chances of broadcast storms in the VNDN environment. It was also observed that as the number of vehicles increased, the total number of transmitted critical data packets also increased. For instance, if there are 50 vehicles, the total number of transmitted data packets is 1700 and 250 for the naive scheme and the proposed scheme, respectively. In terms of efficiency, the proposed scheme achieved more than 30% efficiency, while the naive method achieved less than 10% efficiency. In future work, we will consider both pull-based and push-based VNDN environments to obtain better results. In addition, efficient Radio Resource Management (RRM) in the VNDN environment is a hot topic to consider for future research.  
Both authors have contributed equally. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. This work was sponsored by the Korean Government (Ministry of Science and ICT) through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) under Grant Number 2021R1A2C1010481.  
Not applicable.  
This research work was carried out at the Department of Computer Engineering, Hoseo University, Asan-si, South Korea. The authors would like to thank the University administration for providing the facilities during this research work. The authors declare no conflict of interest.