# Functionality of the Search and Rescue Transponder (SART) in Maritime Search and Rescue Actions
## 4 Discussion  
The maritime industry is a specific field focused on the practical use of equipment. Multiple studies are necessary to improve its performance and reduce errors.  
Research conducted at sea, far from shore, carries certain risks. Its execution requires the involvement of various forces and resources. First, a surface vessel, properly equipped and manned, is necessary. Second, it is necessary to place a SART device in the water area. For this purpose, another assistance boat, also properly equipped and manned, is required.  
Figure 14: Assessment of image clarity.  
Figure 13: Amount of radar image interference depending on the distance of the SART device.  
It is crucial to establish proper procedures, especially for communication, regarding the conduct of the exercise and possible interruptions in the event of an emergency.  
Sea experiments are highly influenced by environmental conditions. The objects under study are on the surface and are subjected to external forces such as waves, wind, and currents. It is challenging to ensure the repeatability of conditions. Usually, these conditions change frequently, making it difficult to collect a large amount of data or test results. Typically, marine research on such a scale is conducted with only a small number of samples (ranging from one to a dozen).  
The purpose of the experiment was to verify the changes in the radar image and the level of SART signal detection due to distance, radar settings, and possibly the presence of the radar reflector. All the objectives of the study were achieved. The study, conducted using a real-world experimental method under the adopted conditions, successfully met these objectives. The qualitative evaluation of the radar image reflected the natural use of the radar function, just as it would be used in daily operations. The evaluation scales adopted by the authors allowed for the precise identification of the observed changes.  
The number of trials performed also enabled a quantitative evaluation. The determined performance indicators clearly showed that the SART device is relatively reliable. At greater distances, the radar indicates the bearing and distance to the object, allowing for a precise approach. However, difficulties arise when finalizing the location of the object once the ship is close. Due to the technical limitations of the SART, which result in errors in determining its position, and the unreadability of the radar image in the vicinity of the device, it may not be possible to accurately approach the survivor. In such cases, it becomes necessary to initiate the search planning procedure and implement it. A prolonged search operation reduces the chances of saving the lives of survivors, as the greatest danger to humans in the water is hypothermia. Additionally, a survivor who has sustained injuries cannot wait long for assistance to be provided.  
Research by other authors, presented in [22], also highlights the problem of detecting the SART device and selecting appropriate radar settings. In their experiment, the device was tested at different heights and orientations. A test with various radar gain and clutter settings was also performed. The results of the study indicate that an incorrect range setting led to the non-detection of the SART device, and the choice of tuning had a significant impact on the radar image and the amount of interference.  
This type of real-world research is conducted relatively rarely. Therefore, its results are valuable. In order to improve maritime safety and protect human life, such studies should be carried out on a larger scale. This would make it possible to establish standardization.