## 5 Results
### Verification of the Hypotheses
#### 5.2.2 Research Hypothesis 2 Verification Result
Figure 4: Comparison of the boxplots for the flow, vividness, and presence variables of the group of study participants who played the fire safety education VR game with cutaneous sensation and the group that played the basic fire safety education VR game. Figure 5: Comparison of the boxplots for the flow, vividness, and presence variables of the high-anxiety group while playing the fire safety education VR game with cutaneous sensation and the group that played the basic fire safety education VR game. On the other hand, as shown in Table 8, there were no significant differences in all the variables, including the flow (_Mann-Whitney U_ = 70.50; _Wilcoxon_ = 161.50; \(p\) > 0.05), that were measured from the low-anxiety group among the study participants who played the fire safety education VR game with cutaneous sensation and the group that played the basic fire safety education VR game. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Variable** & **Anxiety** & **N** & \begin{tabular}{c} **Mean** \\ **Rank** \\ \end{tabular} & **Sum of** & \
\begin{tabular}{c} _Mann-_ \\ **Rank** \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} _Wilcoxon_ \\ _Whitney U_ \\ \end{tabular} & **Z** & \(p\) \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Flow} & VR game with & & & & & & & \\ \cline{2-9}  & cutaneous sensation & 13 & 16.85 & 219.00 & 41.00 & 132.50 & \(-\)2.31 & 0.02 * \\  & (high anxiety) & & & & & & & \\ \cline{2-9}  & Basic VR game & 13 & 10.15 & 132.00 & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Vvidness} & VR game with & & & & & & & \\ \cline{2-9}  & cutaneous sensation & 13 & 18.19 & 236.50 & 23.50 & 114.50 & \(-\)3.22 & 0.00 ** \\  & (high anxiety) & & & & & & & \\ \cline{2-9}  & Basic VR game & 13 & 8.81 & 114.50 & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Tactile} & VR game with & & & & & & & \\ \cline{2-9}  & cutaneous sensation & 13 & 14.58 & 189.50 & 70.50 & 161.50 & \(-\)0.76 & 0.45 \\ \cline{2-9}  & Basic VR game & 13 & 12.42 & 161.50 & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Locomotive} & VR game with & & & & & & & \\ \cline{2-9}  & cutaneous sensation & 13 & 16.23 & 211.00 & 49.00 & 140.00 & \(-\)1.87 & 0.06 \\ \cline{2-9}  & Basic VR game & 13 & 10.77 & 140.00 & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Presence} & VR game with & & & & & & & \\ \cline{2-9}  & cutaneous sensation & 13 & 17.00 & 221.00 & 39.00 & 130.00 & \(-\)2.36 & 0.02 * \\ \cline{2-9}  & Basic VR game & 13 & 10.00 & 130.00 & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Experientiality} & VR game with & & & & & & & \\ \cline{2-9}  & cutaneous sensation & 13 & 15.35 & 199.50 & 60.50 & 151.50 & \(-\)1.46 & 0.14 \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{2-9}  & Basic VR game & 13 & 11.65 & 151.50 & & & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 7: Results of the Mann–Whitney U test analysis for the variables of the high-anxiety group while playing the fire safety education VR game with cutaneous sensation and the group that played the basic fire safety education VR game. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Variable** & **Anxiety** & **N** & \
\begin{tabular}{c} **Mean** \\ **Rank** \\ \end{tabular} & **Sum of** &
\begin{tabular}{c} _[PERSON]-_ \\ **Whitney U** \\ \end{tabular} & **Wilcoxon_ & **Z** & \(p\) \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Flow} & VR game with & & & & & & & \\ \cline{2-9}  & cutaneous sensation & 13 & 14.58 & 189.50 & 70.50 & 161.50 & \(-\)0.73 & 0.46 \\ \cline{2-9}  & Basic VR game & 13 & 12.42 & 161.50 & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Vvidness} & VR game with & & & & & & & \\ \cline{2-9}  & cutaneous sensation & 13 & 16.27 & 211.50 & 48.50 & 139.50 & \(-\)1.89 & 0.06 \\ \cline{2-9}  & Basic VR game & 13 & 10.73 & 139.50 & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Tactile} & VR game with & & & & & & & \\ \cline{2-9}  & cutaneous sensation & 13 & 12.38 & 161.00 & 70.00 & 161.00 & \(-\)0.79 & 0.43 \\ \cline{2-9}  & Basic VR game & 13 & 14.62 & 190.00 & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Locomotive} & VR game with & & & & & & & \\ \cline{2-9}  & cutaneous sensation & 13 & 13.81 & 179.50 & & & & \\ \cline{2-9}  & Basic VR game & 13 & 13.19 & 171.50 & & & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}