## 4 Results
The application of the L18 array to the study of the scanning parameters for the analysis of the three objects is summarized in Table 2.  
Table 3 presents a comparative analysis of the main characteristics of three free state-of-the-art LiDAR applications: Polycam ([[https://poly.cam/](https://poly.cam/)]([https://poly.cam/](https://poly.cam/)), accessed on 3 December 2024), Scaniverse ([[https://scaniverse.com/](https://scaniverse.com/)]([https://scaniverse.com/](https://scaniverse.com/)), accessed on 3 December 2024), and 3D Scanner App ([https://3 dscannerapp.com/](https://3 dscannerapp.com/), accessed on 3 December 2024). The table outlines their pros, cons, suitable use cases, and supported platforms, based on authors' experience. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Experiment Number** & **Distance [m]** & **Speed** & **Sensor Angle [deg]** & **Lighting** & **Number of Passes** \\ \hline
1 & 0.5 & Slow & 0 & Natural & 1 \\ \hline
2 & 0.5 & Medium & 30 & Artificial Low & 2 \\ \hline
3 & 0.5 & Fast & Variable & Artificial High & 4 \\ \hline
4 & 1 & Slow & 0 & Artificial Low & 2 \\ \hline
5 & 1 & Medium & 30 & Artificial High & 4 \\ \hline
6 & 1 & Fast & Variable & Natural & 1 \\ \hline
7 & 4 & Slow & 30 & Natural & 4 \\ \hline
8 & 4 & Medium & Variable & Artificial Low & 1 \\ \hline
9 & 4 & Fast & 0 & Artificial High & 2 \\ \hline
10 & 0.5 & Slow & Variable & Artificial High & 2 \\ \hline
11 & 0.5 & Medium & 0 & Natural & 4 \\ \hline
12 & 0.5 & Fast & 30 & Artificial Low & 1 \\ \hline
13 & 1 & Slow & 30 & Artificial 2 & 1 \\ \hline
14 & 1 & Medium & Variable & Natural & 2 \\ \hline
15 & 1 & Fast & 0 & Artificial 1 & 4 \\ \hline
16 & 4 & Slow & Variable & Artificial 1 & 4 \\ \hline
17 & 4 & Medium & 0 & Artificial 2 & 1 \\ \hline
18 & 4 & Fast & 30 & Natural & 2 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Application of the L18 array to the study of the scanning parameters. Figure 3: Artificial light with low **(a)** and high light **(b)**. Polycam was selected over Scaniverse and 3D Scanner App due to its versatility, high-quality output, and suitability for professional applications [37]. It offers both LiDAR scanning and photogrammetry, providing a broader range of scanning options and ensuring high-resolution 3D models with detailed textures, which are essential for architectural and engineering studies. Polycam's advanced editing and cloud processing features allow for efficient model sharing and collaboration, a crucial aspect for research workflows. Additionally, it is compatible with iOS, Android, and web platforms, offering greater flexibility compared to the iOS-only Scaniverse and 3D Scanner App. While Scaniverse is user-friendly and free, it lacks the advanced features required for the study, and 3D Scanner App, although precise, has a steeper learning curve and is limited to LiDAR functionality. Thus, Polycam's comprehensive feature set and proven performance in professional settings made it the most suitable choice for this research. Each of the three objects was scanned using the 18 parameter configurations defined in Table 2. In each experiment, a mesh of the scanned object was generated to measure both its targeted dimensions and its volume as a solid. The chosen software for this purpose was iTwin Capture Modeler Master [38], and the scanned objects were exported in the '.PLY' format. To measure the dimensions and the volume of the scanned objects, the scanned mesh was first converted into a solid. This involved importing the mesh into a block that could be imported into the iTwin Capture Desktop Viewer for measurement. An example of the use of this software for the measurement of the length, and the volume in the analyzed objects is presented in Figures 3(a) and 3(b), respectively. Issues arose during the volume measurement of the mesh, leading to concerns about the accuracy of the data. The measurement process was not conducted in a well-defined manner, making the resulting data unrepresentative. As a result, it was decided to work exclusively with the length data.