## 3 Results and Discussion
### Analysis of Apoptosis Using the Muse(r) Flow Cytometer
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline  & **UC** & **STS** & **ys d + a** & **ys\%** & **mv d + a** & **mv\%** \\ \hline
**live** & 94.58 \({}^{\text{e}}\) \(\pm\) 0.27 & 64.57 \({}^{\text{d}}\) \(\pm\) 1.64 & 42.4 \({}^{\text{a}}\)\(\pm\) 1.00 & 55.34 \({}^{\text{c}}\)\(\pm\) 1.67 & 51.25 \({}^{\text{b}}\)\(\pm\) 2.85 & 62.93 \({}^{\text{d}}\)\(\pm\) 0.60 \\
**early apoptotic** & 4.18 \({}^{\text{a}}\)\(\pm\) 0.43 & 30.17 \({}^{\text{c}}\)\(\pm\) 1.77 & 22.4 \({}^{\text{b}}\)\(\pm\) 2.87 & 33.53 \({}^{\text{c}}\)\(\pm\) 1.40 & 29.45 \({}^{\text{c}}\)\(\pm\) 6.00 & 27.33 \({}^{\text{b}}\)\(\pm\) 0.20 \\
**late apoptotic** & 0.88 \({}^{\text{a}}\)\(\pm\) 0.08 & 5.03 \({}^{\text{a}}\)\(\pm\) 0.23 & 32.97 \({}^{\text{d}}\)\(\pm\) 2.30 & 10.96 \({}^{\text{b}}\)\(\pm\) 0.23 & 19.05 \({}^{\text{c}}\)\(\pm\) 8.65 & 9.6 \({}^{\text{b}}\)\(\pm\) 0.87 \\
**dead** & 0.1 \({}^{\text{a}}\)\(\pm\) 0.05 & 0.23 \({}^{\text{a}}\)\(\pm\) 0.11 & 2.24 \({}^{\text{b}}\)\(\pm\) 0.43 & 0.17 \({}^{\text{a}}\)\(\pm\) 0.04 & 0.25 \({}^{\text{a}}\)\(\pm\) 0.20 & 0.14 \({}^{\text{a}}\)\(\pm\) 0.07 \\
**total apoptotic** & 5.33 \({}^{\text{a}}\)\(\pm\) 0.23 & 35.20 \({}^{\text{b}}\)\(\pm\) 1.54 & 55.37 \({}^{\text{e}}\)\(\pm\) 0.57 & 44.5 \({}^{\text{c}}\)\(\pm\) 1.63 & 48.5 \({}^{\text{d}}\)\(\pm\) 2.65 & 36.94 \({}^{\text{b}}\)\(\pm\) 0.66 \\ \hline \end{tabular} 
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c} \hline  & **UC** & **STS** & **ys d + a** & **ys\%** & **mv d + a** & **mv\%** \\ \hline
**live** & 94.90 \({}^{\text{d}}\)\(\pm\) 0.30 & 67.18 \({}^{\text{c}}\)\(\pm\) 0.38 & 54.44 \({}^{\text{a}}\)\(\pm\) 2.84 & 61.50 \({}^{\text{b}}\)\(\pm\) 0.37 & 55.69 \({}^{\text{a  
Mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis, which is triggered by several non-receptor mediated stimuli causing changes in the internal mitochondrial membrane. It results in the opening of a permeability transition pore complex, loss of mitochondrial potential, and release of pro-apoptotic molecules (e.g., cytochrome c, Smac/Diablo, and HtrA2/Omi) [31]. The Bcl-2 family proteins are major regulators of this pathway of apoptosis. The Muse(r) Bcl-2 Activation Dual Detection Assay Kit determines the content of activated and non-activated Bcl-2 in cells, a protein on which the survival of cancer cells depends. All examined juices induced in DU145 and LNCaP cells the inactivation of the Bcl-2 protein (Figure 2). A higher percentage of cells with the inactivation of the above-mentioned protein, in comparison to untreated control, was observed. Highly significant (\(p\leq 0.05\)) changes in the phosphorylation of the studied protein in both cell lines were shown after incubation with the juice of young shoots subjected to in vitro gastrointestinal digestion and absorption; a decrease in Bcl-2 phosphorylation to about 83% compared to the control was shown (Figure 2). It was also observed that the juice of young shoots inactivated the Bcl-2 protein more effectively than that of the mature cabbage's juice (Figure 2). mRNA Expression of Genes and Western Blot Analysis of Protein Levels Associated with Proliferation and Apoptosis  
Anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins mainly prevent the release of apoptotic molecules from mitochondria to the cytosol by forming heterodimer with proapoptotic proteins [31]. Figure 2: Cell apoptosis results of DU145 (**A**) and LNCaPP (**B**) prostate cancer cells treated with experimental juices. Bcl-2 activation were obtained using flow cytometry (Muse® Cell Analyzer) and the Muse® Bcl-2 Activation Dual Detection Assay Kit. UC, untreated control. STS, staurosporine. ys d + a, juice of young shoots subjected to in vitro gastrointestinal digestion and absorption. ys%, fresh, 5% juice of young shoots. mv d + a, juice of the mature vegetable subjected to in vitro gastrointestinal digestion and absorption. mv%, fresh, 5% juice of the mature vegetable. Results are expressed as mean \(\pm\) SD (\(n=3\)). Statistical significance was based on ANOVA and Duncan’s a posteriori test. * \(p\leq 0.05\) compared to untreated control.