# 5G Support for Industrial IoT Applications--Challenges, Solutions, and Research Gaps
## 11 Discussion on Private Campus Networks
### Private Campus Network--New Possibilities for Industry 4.0  
The arrival and development of Industry 4.0 represent a revival similar to previous industrial revolutions in history [134]. The revolution in Industry 1.0 was the using complex machines to make work easier and faster instead of manual efforts. The main invention of the first industrial revolution of 1784 was steam, and chain-driven equipment such as the weaving machine. The second industrial revolution took place in the 1870s when mass production first appeared, developing techniques for mass production and enabler functions, such as assembly on a conveyor belt, or whether a workflow is always done by one person or a small group of the same people. The third industrial revolution dates back to 1969, when microelectronics brought a new phase of technology. Based on the program code, a robot/machine was able to perform several operations and work phases replacing complex manual work. The program was loaded only once and was executed, based on various incoming information very precisely. The fourth industrial revolution is underway, with production lines and robots becoming more intelligent. We are able to create robots that download and use the program, which means that the same production line can adapt to an industrial need very quickly [4]. As a high-level example, at one minute, the workstation produces a Type A car, and in the other one it can create a Type B car. To accomplish this, all equipment needs to be involved in the reconfiguration of the manufacturing process and must be connected as cyberphysical systems. To fulfill the requirements of Industry 4.0 criteria and use-cases, there is a need for a unique network, which may be a cellular network with strict service guarantees [3; 5], either part of the global/national infrastructure, or a private campus network for enterprise purposes. As the use-cases evolve, there is a need for system evolution and continuous improvement. Continuous feedback on how well the developed service meets the expectations and user-needs is also valuable. Based on these considerations, the network solution could have the following characteristics:  
* A solution based on recent standards: The new 5G standards and architectures provide the opportunity to build a highly flexible network. Some services can run on a small portion of network elements. Therefore, we are able to utilize merely a small percentage of network resources in order to provide elementary service needs. This allows to design services and implementations to individual customer needs. With the interoperability of standards and interfaces, systems will be able to co-operate and provide high-quality experience. * Unlimited data consumption: Industrial equipment will have no other connection to the IP services world than 5G, so they need to have an unlimited data subscription package. Of course, these resources will be available at a limited data rate, uniquely for every use-case. * Dedicated Radio, Core, IP resources for a given use-case: For these needs, it is clear that dedicated radio, core network elements, and IP resources will be required. Dedicated items mean, among other things, that the services can be used exclusively by those devices that authorized on this network. * QoS for service separation with Service Level Agreement: Guaranteed SLAs for use-cases must be provided in order to receive the appropriate QoS. It is expected that a robot communicates continuously. Therefore, the Busy-Hour interpretation, which is based on the daily routines of human cycles, is unlikely to be present in case of machine type communication. Thus, when calculating SLA, QoS and capacity management, it must be taken into consideration that all devices are continuously using the allocated resources. * Goals: A planned private campus network can be considered complete if it fulfills the goals set by the use-cases and can ensure them continuously.