## 1 Introduction  
The Internet serves as the primary and extensive hub of information, encompassing diverse sources that cover every aspect of human existence. It offers a wide range of data, including weather forecasts, travel deals, local and global events, and much more. This vast pool of information is accessible through the World Wide Web and various Web services [1]. In fact, the amount of information generated on the Web is growing exponentially and is predicted to surpass the collective cognitive capacity of humanity by 2025. To put it into perspective, the current measurement of Web information stands at 1018 exabytes and 1021 zettabytes [2; 3]. Despite its rapid growth, the World Wide Web (WWW) is inherently fragile, which poses a significant challenge. The fragility of information on the Web leads to the unfortunate disappearance and inaccessibility of valuable scholarly, cultural, and scientific resources for future generations. Consequently, it becomes imperative to prioritize the preservation of this diverse and valuable information, which exists in various forms. For hundreds of years, newspapers have served as the primary source of information, covering a wide range of topics that encompass various aspects of human life. They provide valuable insights into local and global events, including parliamentary activities, politically significant occurrences, court proceedings, births, deaths, marriages, sports, science, technology, and more. Newspapers reflect societal life, capturing social dynamics, behaviors, and cultural values, thus serving as essential scholarly information for individuals and communities. Given the significance of preserving such information for future generations, efforts have been made to ensure its availability. For example, historical manuscripts now hold immense value, just as addresses made by prime ministers after election victories or announcements related to imminent foreign invasions. The UNESCO Declaration on Archives emphasizes the crucial role played by archives in societal development by safeguarding the contributions of individuals and communities [4]. The preservation and accessibility of published information are essential for safeguarding valuable resources. Various initiatives have been implemented to achieve this goal, leading to the creation of numerous newspaper archives. Curators and their organizations play a significant role in preserving newspapers and maintaining the digital collections of these publications. Typically, newspapers are digitized either internally, i.e., in-house, or with the assistance of external vendors. Additionally, some newspapers are preserved as born-digital content obtained directly from publishers or by harvesting from the web [5]. A literature review of newspaper archives reveals that diverse approaches are employed for the preservation of newspapers, with the majority being digitized as a single digital record. Typically, curated digitized records are created by scanning microfilm, which is a compact photograph that can be stored and enlarged for reading, then saved in formats such as pdf, gif, jpg, or other graphical formats. Newspaper archives can be categorized into two main types: old and newer archives. Old newspaper archives pose challenges for optical character recognition (OCR) technology in indexing them into a full-text corpus. As a result, these archives are primarily available in graphical format, requiring visual inspection to access the content. Conversely, the newer newspaper archives have been extensively indexed, allowing for efficient full-text searching mechanisms to retrieve specific information. The digital news story preservation (DNSP) framework was introduced to establish a digital archive of news articles interconnected based on specific criteria with the purpose of future utilization [6]. Recently, this framework was enhanced to include a multilingual and multisource digital news stories archive aimed at preserving digital news articles for the long term and for the benefit of future generations.