# Detection and Mitigation of RPL Rank and Version Number Attacks in the Internet of Things: SRPL-RP
## 6 Conclusions  
Data packets addressing and routing among IoT-constrained devices are issues due to the necessity of developing integrated protocols for data packet routing across different RPL networks. Several RPL attacks occur through the activities of malicious nodes during data packet routing among devices. This research studied the latest literature that focused on rank attacks and version number attacks. Considering the research gap, we found that the recent studies did not support multiple attacks in RPL networks for measuring the effectiveness of their proposals. They did not detect and mitigate the effects of both attacks in the RPL networks.  
This research provided a proposal and implementation of the SRPL-RPL protocol, which can address the current flaws in the existing studies by limiting the impact of these attacks. According to the simulation results in the analysis, the proposed SRPL-RP is more secure and more efficient in terms of the network performance and accuracy. SRPL-RP was shown to provide a higher PDR and a lower  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Study/Parameters**} & **Support** & **Support** & \multirow{2}{*}{**PDR**} & **Control** & **Average** & \multirow{2}{*}{**AR**} \\  & **Multiple** & **Multiple** & & **Message** & **Energy** & \\  & **Attacks** & **Topologies** & & **Overhead** & **Consumption** & \\ \hline SRPL [18] & Yes & No & 83\% & 1550 & 4320 joules & - \\ \hline SecTrust-RPL [19] & Yes & No & 80\% & - & - & - \\ \hline Specification-Based IDS [20] & Yes & No & - & - & - & - \\ \hline Secure Parent Node & \multirow{2}{*}{No} & \multirow{2}{*}{No} & \multirow{2}{*}{-} & \multirow{2}{*}{-} & \multirow{2}{*}{-} & \multirow{2}{*}{-} \\ Selection Scheme [21] & & & & & & \\ \hline ARM [22] & No & No & - & - & \begin{tabular}{c} 3560.796 \\ joules \\ \end{tabular} & 60\% \\ \hline SBIDS [13] & No & No & 95.99\% & 1479 & \begin{tabular}{c} 1276.162 \\ joules \\ \end{tabular} & 90.40\% \\ \hline VeRA [26] & Yes & No & - & - & - & - \\ \hline TRAIL [27] & No & No & - & - & - & - \\ \hline Distributed and Cooperative Verification & \multirow{2}{*}{No} & \multirow{2}{*}{No} & \multirow{2}{*}{97\%} & \multirow{2}{*}{1500} & \multirow{2}{*}{-} & \multirow{2}{*}{-} \\ Mechanism [28] & & & & & \\ \hline Lightweight Defense & \multirow{2}{*}{Yes} & \multirow{2}{*}{No} & \multirow{2}{*}{-} & \multirow{2}{*}{-} & \multirow{2}{*}{-} & \multirow{2}{*}{-} \\ Approach [29] & & & & & \\ \hline Lightweight Mitigation & \multirow{2}{*}{No} & \multirow{2}{*}{Yes} & \multirow{2}{*}{92.68\%} & \multirow{2}{*}{5045} & \
\begin{tabular}{c} 1314.884 \\ joules \\ \end{tabular} & 92.93\% \\ Techniques [14] & & & & & \\ \hline Distributed Monitoring & \multirow{2}{*}{No} & \multirow{2}{*}{No} & \multirow{2}{*}{-} & \multirow{2}{*}{-} & \multirow{2}{*}{-} \\ Strategy [30] & & & & & \\ \hline Our Proposed SRPL-RP & Yes & Yes & 98.48\% & 991 packets/s &
\begin{tabular}{c} 1231.778 \\ joules \\ \end{tabular} & 98.30\% \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 15: Comparison among Studies in Literature Review and our Proposed Protocol.  
control message value compared with the existing countermeasures in all types of network topologies. In addition, this protocol demonstrated more than a 95% accuracy in all kinds of network topologies.