# Analysis of the Effect of Temperature on the Sound Transmission Loss of a Curved Plate
## 1 Introduction  
Curved-plate structures are increasingly used in various engineering applications, including aircraft, submarines, and construction equipment [1; 2; 3]. However, the working environments of these devices are often accompanied by high or low temperatures, which leads to changes in the functional properties of the structure [4; 5]. With increasing sensitivity to the acoustic environment, increasing attention is paid to the acoustic properties of curved panels. Therefore, it is paramount to investigate the sound transmission loss (STL) of a curved plate under the influence of temperature gradients. Many theoretical, experimental, and simulation analyses have been performed on the acoustic vibration characteristics of curved plates [6; 7; 8; 9]. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [10] modeled the STL of double and triple shells based on [PERSON]'s shell theory and compared the results with those obtained using [PERSON]'s theory. The results showed that [PERSON]'s theory produces higher accuracy in the high-frequency region. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [11] analyzed the effect of a pressure difference on the STL according to the Donnell-Mushtari column and shell theory. The theoretical results showed that increasing the pressure decreases the STL of the entire frequency band while leading to a lower critical frequency. Based on the harmonic expansion method and the principle of virtual work, [PERSON] and [PERSON] [12] developed a theoretical model of STL for a composite structure that was coupled with a curve shell sandwich structure and acoustic metamaterials, and the effects of geometric and material parameters on the STL were discussed. [PERSON] et al. [13] used the impedance method to investigate the effect of ribs and beams on the STL of curved plates. The authorsverified the correctness of the theory through experiments. The results showed that for plates with large curvature, the influence of the ring reinforcement method on the STL was minimal. [PERSON] et al. [14] proposed a transfer matrix method for calculating the STL of multilayered cylindrical shells, which was capable of dealing with anisotropic, poroelastic, and heterogeneous cylinders and avoided the need for a homogeneous equivalent model. [PERSON] et al. [15] developed a theoretical model for the STL of multilayer cylindrical shells made of composite materials under plane-wave incidence and analyzed the effects of the Mach number, aircraft flight altitude, and stacking order of materials on the STL. Based on the first-order shear deformation theory (FSDT), [PERSON] et al. [16] developed a vibroacoustic coupling equation for a sandwiched cylindrical shell using [PERSON]'s principle, and the effects of the external flow and the honeycomb sandwich parameters on the STL were analyzed. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [17] established a theoretical model for the STL of a double-layered curved-plate cavity structure based on the fluctuation theory, analyzed the effects of different radii on the STL, and provided guidance for the optimal design of Maglev portholes using the model. Moreover, numerous researchers have studied the effects of temperature on the acoustic and vibration characteristics of structures [18; 19; 20; 21; 22]. Based on the fluctuation and temperature field theories, [PERSON] and [PERSON] [23] investigated the modal frequencies and acoustic radiation of curved plates under simply supported boundary conditions using the modal superposition method. The authors studied the effects of temperature on various modal frequencies and radiation efficiency. [PERSON] et al. [24] established a model for the STL of a sandwich plate in a thermal environment based on [PERSON]'s principle; the accuracy of the model was verified by experiments, and the analysis of the results showed that the STL was more sensitive to temperature in the low-frequency range. [PERSON] et al.