## 3 Results
### Components of Fatty Acids in Non-Dairy Creamer used for Animal Diet
During the 8 weeks, the blood glucose concentration was more rapidly elevated in the NDC group than in the NDCA group, whereas plasma TG level was significantly lower in the NDCA group (Figure 4a,b). There was no change in plasma or fecal total cholesterol concentration (Figures 3c and 4c). After 8 weeks, the levels of plasma glucose, TG, and glutamate pyruvate transaminase were significantly higher in the NDC compared with the NDCA group (Table 2). Figure 3: Effect of supplementation of a non-dairy creamer-enriched high-fat diet with D-allulose on fecal lipid excretion and small intestine RT-PCR in C57 BL/6 mice fed the diet for 8 weeks: (**a**) fecal fatty acid; (**b**) fecal triglyceride; (**c**) fecal cholesterol; (**d**) small intestinal mRNA expression. Data are mean \(\pm\) SE. Significant differences between the 5% D-allulose group and without D-allulose group are indicated; \({}^{*}\)\(p<0.05\), \({}^{***}\)\(p<0.001\). NDCA, high-fat diet with non-dairy creamer +5% D-allulose; NDC, high-fat diet with non-dairy creamer. CD36, cluster of differentiation 36; SRB1, scavenger receptor class B member 1; ABCA1, ATP-binding cassette transporter; NPC1L1, Niemann–Pick C1-Like 1; FAS, fatty acid synthase. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline  & **NDC** & **NDCA** \\ \hline Glucose (mM) & 16.31 \(\pm\) 1.04 * & 11.93 \(\pm\) 1.23 \\ Free fatty acids (mM) & 1.03 \(\pm\) 0.19 & 0.98 \(\pm\) 0.25 \\ Triglycerides (mM) & 1.21 \(\pm\) 0.035 *** & 0.66 \(\pm\) 0.089 \\ Total C (mM) & 5.09 \(\pm\) 0.13 & 4.88 \(\pm\) 0.28 \\ HDL C (mM) & 2.84 \(\pm\) 0.60 & 2.69 \(\pm\) 0.18 \\ Non-HDL C (mM) & 2.27 \(\pm\) 0.14 & 2.19 \(\pm\) 0.12 \\ HTR (\%) & 55.44 \(\pm\) 1.78 & 54.99 \(\pm\) 1.44 \\ AI & 0.81 \(\pm\) 0.058 & 0.82 \(\pm\) 0.048 \\ Apo A-I (mg/dL) & 35.93 \(\pm\) 1.36 & 38.42 \(\pm\) 0.39 \\ Apo B (mg/dL) & 1.80 \(\pm\) 0.20 & 1.43 \(\pm\) 0.23 \\ Apo B/Apo A-I & 0.050 \(\pm\) 0.0055 & 0.037 \(\pm\) 0.0060 \\ GOT (IU/L) & 37.18 \(\pm\) 3.16 & 35.78 \(\pm\) 3.58 \\ GPT (IU/L) & 23.85 \(\pm\) 2.83 * & 16.43 \(\pm\) 1.48 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} Data are mean \(\pm\) SE. Significant differences between the 5% D-allulose group and without D-allulose group are indicated; * \(p<\) 0.05, ** \(p<\) 0.01, *** \(p<\) 0.001. NDCA, high-fat diet with non-dairy creamer +5% D-allulose; NDC, high-fat diet with non-dairy creamer. HDL, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HTR, (HDL cholesterol/total cholesterol) \(\times\) 100; AI, atherogenic index, [(total cholesterol)] - (HDL cholesterol)/HDL cholesterol; Apo A-I, apolipoprotein A-I; Apo B, apolipoprotein B; GOT, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase; GPT, glutamate transaminase.  
\end{table} 
Table 2: Effect of supplementation of a non-dairy creamer-enriched high-fat diet with D-allulose on plasma lipid profiles and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) and glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) levels in C57 BL/6] mice fed the diet for 8 weeks. Figure 4: Effect of supplementation of a non-dairy creamer-enriched high-fat diet with D-allulose on time course changes in fasting blood glucose, plasma triglyceride, and total cholesterol in C57 BL/6] mice fed high-fat diet for 8 weeks: (**a**) fasting blood glucose; (**b**) plasma triglyceride; (**c**) plasma total cholesterol. Data are mean \(\pm\) SE. Significant differences between the 5% D-allulose group and without D-allulose group are indicated; * \(p<\) 0.05, ** \(p<\) 0.01, *** \(p<\) 0.001. NDCA, high-fat diet with non-dairy creamer +5% D-allulose; NDC, high-fat diet with non-dairy creamer.