###### Abstract
A requirement of double voltage input for response realization;
6. Low output impedance in the case of VM and TIM filters;
7. High output impedance in the case of CM and TAM filters;
8. Mode of operation;
9. Independent tunability of quality factor and filter frequency;
10. Can realize all five filter responses;
11. Test frequency;
12. Power dissipation;
13. Supply voltage;
14. Total harmonic distortion (THD). Reported VDBA-based universal biquadratic filters have three major limitations that severely curtail their application spectrum, which are: (a) non-availability of all five filter responses, (b) the employment of floating passive components, and (c) passive component matching constraints. It can be inferred from the comparative study that out of the 30 designs available in the literature; only 15 can provide all five filter responses in either VM and CM mode [23; 26; 34; 35; 36; 39; 41; 42; 43; 44; 45; 46; 47; 48; 49; 52]. Most importantly, none of the VDU-based filter structures can operate in mixed-mode configuration. In this research, a first-of-a-kind VDBA-based MISO type mixed-mode universal filter is proposed that can work in all four modes of operation, providing all five filter responses. The proposed structure without any change in the core topology can also function as a SIMO filter providing CM output. The validation of the VDBA and filter is carried out in Cadence design software using 0.18 \(\upmu\)m Silterra Malaysia PDK. Both simulation and experimental results are in close agreement with the theoretical findings. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**References** & **(0)** & **(0)** & **(0)** & **(0)** & **(0)** & **(0)** & **(0)** & **(0)** & **(0)** & **(0)** & **(0)** & **(0)** & **(0)** & **(0)** & **(0)** \\ \hline
[25] & 2-FR-VDBA & 2C + 48 & Yes & NA & NA & Yes & NA & VM/CM & No & No & 1 & – & \(\pm\)0.9 & \(\pm\)1.8\% \(\pm\) 0.40 & – \\ \hline
[28] & 2-FR-VDBA & 2C + 48 & Yes & NA & NA & Yes & NA & VM & No & 7.9 & \(\pm\)0.9 & \(\pm\)0.4 & – \\ \hline
[29] & 2-VDDBA & 2C & No & NA & No & No & NA & VM & No & 0.19 & – & \(\pm\)5 & 0.7\% \(\pm\) 0.107 (or MF VM modo) \\ \hline
[33] & 1-2C-VDBA & 2C & No & NA & NA & No & CM & No & No & 10 & – & \(\pm\)0.9 & \(\leq\)10\% \(\pm\) 0.25 \(\mu\)M (or LF VM modo) \\ \hline
[38] & 1-VDDA & 2C + 38 & No & NA & NA & Yes & NA & VM & No & 1.99 & – & \(\pm\)0.9 & – \\ \hline
[39] & 1-VDDA & 2C + 28 & No & NA & NA & NA & No & CM & No & Yes & 0.78 & – & \(\pm\)1.2 & – \\ \hline
[40] & 3-VDDA & 2C & No & NA & NA & Yes & NA & VM & No & 0.0469 & – & – & – \\ \hline
[53] & 2-VDDBA & 2C + 28 & No & NA & No & NA & VM & Yes & No & 0.1 & – & \(\pm\)0.9 & \(\geq\)1.8\% \(\pm\) 0.40 \(\mu\)V (or LF VM modo) \\ \hline This work & 3-VDBA & 2C & No & NA & NA & Yes except (HP) & CM/TM & Yes & Yes & 16.32 & 5.482 nm & \(\pm\)1.25 & \(\leq\)4\% \(\pm\) 0.300 mV (or LF VM modo) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Comparative study of various VDU-based SIMO-type biqand filter designs with the proposed filter (Note: NA—not applicable). \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**References** & **(0)** & **(0)** & **(0)** & **(0)** & **(0)** & **(0)** & **(0)** & **(0)** & **(0)** & **(0)** & **(0)** & **(0)** & **(0)** & **(0)** \\ \hline
[23] & 2-VDBA & 2C &