# Analysis of the Severity of Heavy Truck Traffic Accidents Under Different Road Conditions
## 6 Preventive Measures and Suggestions  
Considering the significant differences in the causes of heavy truck traffic accident severity under different road types, traffic management departments should adopt differentiated control measures to effectively reduce the severity of heavy truck traffic accidents. For urban roads, the key factors include drivers over 50 years old, straight driving status, road hazards, and nighttime with street lighting. Measures can include enhancing education and regular medical check-ups for drivers over 50, restricting truck access on certain sections, addressing poor sight distance, unclear traffic markings, improper sign placement, road surface defects, and intensifying enforcement against speeding and red-light violations by heavy trucks at night. For highways, the key factors include straight driving status, side collisions between vehicles, lack of roadside protection measures, road hazards, and visibility below 50 m. Measures can include implementing separate lanes for passenger and freight vehicles, adding speed limit and distance warning signs on accident-prone sections, installing stop and yield signs, speed bumps, consolidating closely spaced small entrances, adding guardrails where roadside clear zones are insufficient, and addressing various road safety hazards. Additionally, visibility-related traffic control measures such as speed limits, traffic flow control, and guidance have been crucial in reducing the severity of heavy truck traffic accidents on expressways, and it is recommended that such measures be actively implemented for highways as well. For expressways, key factors include speeding, traffic signal violations, non-compliance with vehicle technical standards, curved or sloped road sections, vehicle-pedestrian collisions, and visibility of 100-200 m. Measures should include enhancing the detection and warning of driver violations and conducting source supervision starting from the heavy truck companies. For sharp curves, install stepwise speed reduction and rumble strips in advance, and strengthen enforcement against speeding. For long downhill sections, implement enhanced speed control measures for heavy trucks, scientifically set up escape lanes, and use variable message boards to inform passing vehicles of driving precautions. For vehicle-pedestrian collisions, advanced equipment such as drones can be used to quickly identify and remind pedestrians illegally on the expressway and drivers and passengers of broken-down vehicles who have not yet left the area. For visibility, traffic management departments should further strengthen the enforcement of control measures for visibility levels of 100-200 m. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Influencing Factors** & \(\beta\) & **Standard Error** & **Wald** & **df** & **Significance** & **Exp (\(\beta\))** \\ \hline
7 = Illegal Overtaking, Reversing, & & & & & & \\ Meeting, U-turning & \(-\)0.262 & 0.866 & 0.092 & 1 & 0.762 & 0.769 \\
8 = Speeding & 0.949 & 1.301 & 0.531 & 1 & 0.466 & 2.582 \\
9 = Overload & 0.031 & 0.759 & 0.002 & 1 & 0.968 & 1.031 \\
10 = Drunk Driving & \(-\)0.618 & 0.739 & 0.699 & 1 & 0.403 & 0.539 \\
11 = Unqualified Driver & \(-\)1.043 & 1.137 & 0.843 & 1 & 0.359 & 0.352 \\
12 = Pedestrian or Non-motor Vehicle Violation & \(-\)1.038 & 0.901 & 1.328 & 1 & 0.249 & 0.354 \\
13 = Distracted Driving & \(-\)0.051 & 0.686 & 0.005 & 1 & 0.941 & 0.951 \\
**Visibility** & & & 12.183 & 3 & 0.007 & \\
1 = 50–100 m & 1.014 & 0.341 & 8.861 & 1 & 0.003 & 2.756 \\
2 = 100–200 m & 1.192 & 0.372 & 10.260 & 1 & 0.001 & 3.292 \\
3 = 200+ meters & 0.728 & 0.338 & 4.648 & 1 & 0.031 & 2.070 \\
**Road Alignment** (1 = Curved) & 1.654 & 0.748 & 4.888 & 1 & 0.027 & 5.228 \\
**Constant** & & 0.971 & 0.773 & 1.579 & 1 & 0.209 & 2.641 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 8: _Cont._The above measures targeting the three types of roads can yield the following benefits.