## 3 Results and Discussion
### Factor Analysis
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c l c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Item**} & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**Component**} \\ \cline{2-5}  & **1** & **2** & **3** \\ \hline
**Q9** & I get angry or irritated when someone bothers me while I’m using my smartphone. & **0.784** & 0.039 & 0.186 \\ \hline
**Q15** & I feel nervous if I do not receive messages, calls, and notifications from social networks on & **0.783** & 0.146 & 0.201 \\ \hline
**Q10** & If my smartphone is with me, I can’t stop using it. & **0.678** & 0.264 & 0.206 \\ \hline
**Q16** & If I didn’t have my smartphone with me, I would feel bad because I wouldn’t be able to & **0.666** & 0.271 & 0.302 \\ \hline
**Q14** & Right now, I would grab my smartphone and send a message, make a call, or check social networks. & **0.658** & 0.339 & 0.074 \\ \hline
**Q8** & I need to use my smartphone more often. & **0.585** & 0.243 & 0.212 \\ \hline
**Q12** & As soon as I wake up in the morning, the first thing I do is see who called me or whether & & & \\  & someone has sent me a message. & & & & \\ \hline
**Q6** & I go to bed later or have slept less to use my smartphone. & 0.090 & **0.684** & 0.215 \\ \hline
**Q13** & When I feel lonely, I use my smartphone to make calls, send messages, etc. & & & 0.191 & **0.667** & 0.100 \\ \hline
**Q5** & I spend more time than I should talking on my smartphone, sending messages, and using & & & & \\  & other apps. & & & & & \\ \hline
**Q11** & Ever since I have had smartphone, I have increased sent messages. & & & & \\ \hline  & I use my smartphone (for calls, reading, or sending messages and using WhatsApp, among & & & & \\  & other things), in situations that may not be dangerous but are not appropriate for smartphone & 0.326 & **0.495** & 0.007 \\  & use (such as while others are talking to me, etc.). & & & & \\ \hline
**Q1** & If my smartphone wasn’t working for a long time and it would take a long time to fix it, I & & & \\  & would feel very bad & & & & \\ \hline
**Q2** & If I don’t have my smartphone, I feel bad. & & & & \\ \hline
**Q3** & I don’t think I could handle a week without my smartphone. & & & & \\ \hline
**Q4** & If I couldn’t check my smartphone for a while, I would want to check it. & & & 0.166 & 0.461 & **0.570** \\ \hline  & Extraction method: analysis of main components. Rotation method: Varimax with Kaiser standardization. & & & \\  & a: The rotation converged in six iterations. & & & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 10: Rotated component matrix and its associated indicators. The symptomatic nomophobia factors obtained in our research with engineering, sciences, and architecture students in Peru are very similar to those obtained in other studies cited by literature nomophobia with other students. For example, we mentioned some studies:  
First, in [28], they found the following factors: problematic internet use, social appearance anxiety, and social media use. Second, in [16], they found the following factors: giving up convenience, fear due to running out of battery, nervousness due to disconnection from online identity, being uncomfortable when unable to stay up-to-date with social media, and anxious when unable to check e-mails. Third, in [23], they found the following factors: losing connectedness and giving up convenience. Then, in [14], they found the following factors: not being able to communicate, losing connectedness, not being able to access information, and giving up convenience. After that, in [42], they found the following factors: anxiety and depression. Finally, in [30], they found the following factors: abstinence, abuse and interference with other activities, tolerance, and lack of control. This indicates that characteristic personality problems are common, regardless of the studies that are carried out and the region of the world where it occurs, because they are characteristic of human addiction. In university students of engineering, sciences, and architecture, the use of new technologies favors the academic training, the smartphone being one of them.