# The Future of Healthcare with Industry 5.0: Preliminary Interview-Based Qualitative Analysis
## 2 Theoretical Background  
### 15.0 in Healthcare  
#### 2.1.1 Industry 1.0 to Industry 5.0  
The journey from Industry 1.0 to 5.0 marks the remarkable evolution of our manufacturing systems and the role of labor within them. The First Industrial Revolution, denoted as Industry 1.0, sparked a significant shift from agarian societies to industrial powerhouses, beginning in the 18 th century. With pioneering technologies like the steam engine, sewing machines, steelmaking, and railroads, this era catalyzed the move from agriculture to industrialization. These innovations not only redefined the production landscape but also paved the way for societal transformation, setting the foundations for subsequent industrial revolutions that would continue to leverage new energy sources and technological advancements to further reshape the economic and social fabric of societies [19]. The Second Industrial Revolution, also known as the Technological Revolution, marked a period of major industrial expansion, especially in the late 19 th century. It was characterized by significant advancements in steel production, the widespread use of electric power, and the invention of the assembly line, which transformed manufacturing processes. The introduction of electricity not only enabled more extensive work hours but also led to the development of new industries and technologies, knitting disparate regions into interconnected economic units, a step toward globalization [19; 20; 21]. The Third Industrial Revolution, occurring in the late 20 th century, brought about the digital age, heralding the rise of electronics and information technology. This revolution transformed industries with automation and computerization, shifting the focus from analog to digital technologies. It introduced a new era of digital communication, changing the nature of work and leading to the development of the Internet, which has had a profound impact on global communication and information sharing [19; 20; 21]. The use of computers and robots began to replace more repetitive and manual tasks, heralding an era of digital manufacturing. This digital revolution continued to evolve into Industry 4.0, which integrated cyber-physical systems and the IoT, leading to smart factories with decentralized decision-making processes. Industry 4.0 was presented for the first time at the Hannover Fair in 2011, being the symbol of the Fourth Industrial Revolution [22]. This concept is not only widely used to increase the company's level of productivity but also to help organizations create innovation to stay competitive in the market [23] by using digital technologies to connect the physical and cybernetic environments [24]. Now, as we transition into I5.0, the focus shifts toward a human-centric model of production. According to [PERSON] et al. [25], I5.0 represents a significant departure from its predecessors by prioritizing societal goals and the well-being of workers. It acknowledges the value of human skills and seeks to enhance, rather than replace, these capabilities with smart automation. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [4] emphasize that I5.0 merges the technical efficiencies of Industry 4.0 with the creativity and problem-solving abilities of humans, aiming to foster symbiotic relationships between workers and machines. But, as [PERSON]. [PERSON] et al. [25] mentioned, \"I5.0 is not a chronological continuation of, or an alternative to, the existing Industry 4.0 paradigm\". Additionally, I5.0 promises to transform various sectors beyond health, including education, manufacturing, agriculture, and services. In education, I5.0 promotes an educational transformation, emphasizing the need for a transdisciplinary approach, preparingstudents for advanced human-machine interactions, addressing the pillars of sustainability, and focusing on the development of human-centered solutions. In addition, technology encourages personalized and interactive teaching [26].