# Integrating IP Mobility Management Protocols and MANET: A Survey
## 4 IP Mobility Management in MANET and Comparative Summary
### Reactive Gateway Discovery-Based Mobility Management Solutions
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l l l l l l} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Scheme**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Features**} & **Mobility Scheme** & **MANET Routing** & **Handoff Metrics** & **Gateways** & **Evaluation\(\backslash\)Simulation** \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{\begin{tabular}{l} MEWLANAN \\ -TD [46] \\ \end{tabular} } & Dynamic beaconing & \multirow{6}{*}{MIP} & \multirow{6}{*}{DSDV} & \multirow{6}{*}{Hop count} & \multirow{6}{*}{Not specified} & \multirow{6}{*}{\begin{tabular}{l} Simulated in NS2, 4, 8, 32, 64 and 128 having 1-10 traffic sources. Both were compared to \\ MIPMANET. \\ \end{tabular} } \\  & \begin{tabular}{l} Dynamic beaconing \\ (MIP initiates \\ beaconing if there is \\ a node joining a network). \\ \end{tabular} & \multirow{2}{*}{MIP} & \multirow{2}{*}{DSDV} & \multirow{2}{*}{Hop count} & \multirow{2}{*}{Not specified} & \multirow{2}{*}{\begin{tabular}{l} Simulated in NS2, 4, 8, 32, 64 and 128 having 1-10 traffic sources. Both were compared to \\ MIPMANET. \\ \end{tabular} } \\  & \begin{tabular}{l} Dynamic beaconing \\ (MIP initiates \\ beaconing if there is \\ a node joining a network). \\ \end{tabular} & \multirow{2}{*}{MIP} & \multirow{2}{*}{TBBR} & \multirow{2}{*}{Depth level number} & \multirow{2}{*}{Not specified.} \\  & \begin{tabular}{l} Registration is \\ required after each \\ beacon. \\ Uses tunneling. \\ \end{tabular} & \multirow{2}{*}{MIP} & \multirow{2}{*}{TBBR} & \multirow{2}{*}{Depth level number} & \multirow{2}{*}{Not specified.} \\  & \begin{tabular}{l} Access point acts as \\ FA. \\ \end{tabular} & & & & \\ \begin{tabular}{l} Broadcast \\ advertisement every \\ Ss. \\ \end{tabular} & MIP & AODV & \multirow{2}{*}{2 foreign agents} & \multirow{2}{*}{\
\begin{tabular}{l} Simulated in NS2, 15 mobile nodes. Compared \\ to another version that \\ does not broadcast \\ advertisement message. \\ \end{tabular} } \\  &
\begin{tabular}{l} FA is used as a \\ default route. \\ \end{tabular} & & & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Cont. _Adaptive discovery of internet gateways in mobile ad Hoc networks with mobile IP-based internet connectivity_[51] designed a Mobile IP based access scheme that provides internet connectivity for MANETs. The designed system is based on the AODV routing protocol. Mobile IP foreign agents are used as gateways and run the AODV protocol to forward traffic inside and outside MANET, although they are proposed not to broadcast agent advertisement messages so as to reduce overhead. Mobile nodes therefore have to discover the routes to gateways. This is done via modifying AODV to broadcast a route request message to find all available gateways. The proposed system also introduces a dynamic gateway algorithm according to which a mobile node can calculate the value for each gateway and then select the optimal gateway. The formula includes the hop count between a mobile node and a gateway as well as the number of registered mobile nodes with that gateway. The system does not provide any further information on mobility management or reregistration with gateway nodes. The handover procedure and the ability of mobile nodes to detect other gateways while moving are not considered. _[PERSON]_[52] proposed a system that uses Mobile IP to connect MANET to the internet. The proposed system eliminates the use of gateway registration and focuses on the process of selecting a route towards the gateway to the internet. It claims that the determining factor in obtaining a quick connection to the internet is the MANET routing protocol itself. The paper therefore proposed a routing protocol for MANET that follows a tree-based structure rooted to the gateway node. A hierarchical routing is used to deliver internet traffic from a mobile node to the gateway. The proposed routing protocol uses cross-layering between the link layer and network layer to enhance congestion-awareness and determine congestion along the path to the gateway.