## 3 Results and Discussion
### The Antimicrobial Activity of Medicinal Plant Extracts
It was highlighted the correlation between antimicrobial activities of flavonoids and their polarities or lipid-water partition coefficients [55]. Some authors have observed that the lipophilic substituents or the hydroxylation process of the flavonoid ring increase the antibacterial activity, but the other groups, such as acetyl, methoxy, or fluoride, have the opposite effect [56]. Some infusion extracts of _Rosmarinus officinalis_ showed good results against _S. oralis_, _S. aureus_, and _P. aeruginosa_, and the ultrasound process has a positive effect against the mentioned bacteria and _E. coli_[57]. The effectiveness of _Origanum syriacum_ was tested against _P. aeruginosa_, _E. coli_, _and S. aureus_. The results showed a MIC value of 780 \(\upmu\)g/mL using a concentration of 100 mg/mL [58]. According to other literature studies, _A. millefolium_ extracts have MIC concentrations ranging from a few mg/mL to 250 mg/mL, depending on the extraction technology, the solvent polarity, the part of the plant, and the cultivation area [59]. The study of [PERSON] et al. reported a MIC value of 10% against _E. coli_, _S. aureus_, and _P. aeruginosa_ when 80% ethanolic extract of _Achillea millefolium_ was used and a MIC value of 8% against _C. albicans_[60]. Regarding _A. millefolium_ and _C. officinalis_ extracts, it was reported that they displayed significant antimicrobial effects, with MIC values ranging from 0.25 to 0.5 mg/mL against _E. coli_ and _S. aureus_[61]. _Salvia officinalis_ ethanolic extract had a MIC of 12 \(\upmu\)L/mL against _S. aureus_, 80 \(\upmu\)L/mL against _E. coli_, 60 \(\upmu\)L/mL against _P. aeruginosa_, and 40 \(\upmu\)L/mL _Candidia albicans_ respectively [62]. [PERSON] et al. reported for _T. seryplum_ ultrasound extract the MIC between 1.25-2.5 mg/mL against _S. aureus_, 2.5-5 mg/mL against _S. pyogenes_, 5-10 mg/mL against _E. coli_, 5 mg/mL against _P. aeruginosa_, and between 2.5-10 mg/mL against _C. albicans_[54]. Ethanolic extract of _Origanum vulgare_ inhibited _S. aureus_ and _E. coli_ standard strains with MIC values between 1.56-3.12 mg/mL [63]. The antimicrobial effect of extracts is assigned to the flavonoids and phenolic acids, although other minor compounds might play a role in the overall activity [64]. The antimicrobial effect of EP tested against _E. coli_, _S. aureus_, _P. aeruginosa_, and _C. albicans_ highlighted that, for both extraction techniques (CES/UAE), the ethanolic extract showed activity against almost all of the tested microorganisms [50]. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \begin{tabular}{c} **Plant Extract/** \\ **Strains** \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} _S. aureus_ \\ _pyogenes_ \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} _S. aureus_ \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} _S. flexneri_ \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} _P. aeruginosa_ \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} _E. coli_ \\ _arginism_ \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} _E. coli_ \\ _plumurium_ \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} _S. ty-_ \\ _infbenzene_ \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} _H._ \\ _infbenzene_ \\ \end{tabular} & \
\begin{tabular}{c} _C. albicans_ \\ _sillopsis_ \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} _C. para-_ \\ _sillopsis_ \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline MP & 15 & 15 & 15 & - & 15 & 15 & 15 & 15 \\ TS & 45 & 15 & 15 & 15 & 15 & 15 & 15 \\ SO1 & 15 & 15 & 15 & 60 & 15 & 15 & 15 & 15 \\ AM & 15 & 15 & 15 & 15 & 15 & 15 & 15 & 15 \\ OV & - & 15 & 15 & 60 & 15 & 15 & 15 & 15 \\ EP & 15 & 15 & 15 & 30 & 15 & 15 & 15 & 15 \\ HO & 45 & 15 & 15 & 15 & 15 & 15 & 15 & 15 \\ SO2 & 60 & 15 & 15 & 60 & 15 & 15 & 15 & 15 \\ LA & 15 & 30 & 30 & 60 & 15 & 15 & 15 & 15 \\ MO & - & 15 & 15 & 30 & 15 & 15 & 15 & 15 \\ HP & 60 & 30 & 30 & - & 30 & 15 & 15 & 15 & 30 \\ CO & 15 & 15 & 30 & - & 15 & 15 & 15 & 15 & 15 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 5: The MIC values (mg/mL) for plant extracts against tested strains. The antibacterial activity of methanolic extracts of _H. perforatum_ against gram-positive (_S. epidermidis, S. aureus_, and _E.