## 1 Aquaculture Production
### Aquaculture Production in Italy: An Evolving Scenario  
In the last decade, the Italian aquaculture sector has been dynamic from an economic point of view, as well as profitable [6]. In 2020, national fish production was 180,000 t, and the turnover was EUR 500 million. The production of rainbow trout was 36,000 t. Fifteen percent of the best companies realised fifty-four percent of the total turnover of the sector.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Nation** & **2000** & **2005** & **2010** & **2015** & **2018** \\ \hline EU & 1402 & 1272 & 1263 & 1270 & 1318 \\ Italy & 330 & 350 & 310 & 350 & 350 \\ Denmark & 330 & 310 & 310 & 310 & 330 \\ France & 350 & 310 & 290 & 260 & 260 \\ Spain & 170 & 160 & 150 & 170 & 170 \\ Norway & 491 & 661 & 1019 & 1380 & 1354 \\ Others & 158 & 203 & 243 & 304 & 363 \\ Total & 2052 & 2137 & 2527 & 2948 & 3082 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} Source: FAO, 2022 [1].  
\end{table}
Table 6: Main rainbow trout producing nations in Europe (\(\times\)100 t).  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Country** & **Import** & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Export**} \\ \hline  & **Fresh** & **Frozen** & **Fresh** & **Frozen** \\ \hline Italy & 1128 & 968 & 4273 & 119 \\ Poland & 9957 & 2021 & 1021 & 87 \\ Germany & 4610 & 6627 & 770 & 744 \\ France & 2191 & 793 & 158 & 721 \\ Denmark & 1565 & 383 & 5877 & 7526 \\ United Kingdom & 388 & 176 & 2626 & 89 \\ Spain & 2168 & 286 & 3472 & 713 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} Source: FAO, 2022 [1].  
\end{table}
Table 7: Main exporting and importing countries of rainbow trout in the European Union (\(\times\)1000 t).  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & **2010** & **2012** & **2014** & **2016** & **2018** & **\% Total** \\ \hline Atlantic salmon & 1437 & 2074 & 2348 & 2247 & 2435 & 4.5 \\ Rainbow trout & 752 & 882 & 794 & 832 & 848 & 1.6 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} Source: FAO, 2022 [1].  
\end{table}
Table 5: World production of the main salmonid species (\(\times\)1000 t).  
The family business is the most common enterprise form (66% of the total). Most of the farms are concentrated in the northeast regions (50% of the total) and the islands (19% of the total). In recent years, there has been a slight increase in the number of employees per company, which has reached 7.7 units. Italian companies represent 7.8% of the EU, accounting for 16% of production by volume and 13% by value.  
Rainbow trout is the most widely farmed species in Italy [7]. The production of rainbow trout contributes approximately 25.5% of the total value and 69.9% of the volume of farmed fish production. Over the past ten years, trout production has increased by 8.5% with an average annual growth rate of 2.5%. Rainbow trout production is mainly carried out in 360 farms located in the northern part of Italy (70% of total production and EUR 120 million in turnover). The organic production system is a growing sector in the aquaculture supply chain. According to data published by the National Information System on Organic Agriculture (SINAB), there were 45 organic fish farms in Italy in 2020 across 11 regions [8]. Almost 75% of them are concentrated in two regions (Emilia-Romagna and Veneto).