# A Method for 5G-ICN Seamless Mobility Support Based on Router Buffered Data
## 2 Related Work
### 5G-ICN Network Convergence  
The advantages of ICN are very consistent with the goals of 5G, so ICN has become one of the ideal architectures for 5G. Researchers generally focus on introducing ICN technology into the 5G network architecture to define a new solution that breaks through the limitations of traditional solutions. For the research on the integration of ICN with 5G, [PERSON] et al. [7] extended the 5 GC's control plane and user plane to support Protocol Data Unit (PDU) sessions of endpoints in ICN, and provides an example of using ICN-enabled 5 GC to handle session mobility. Existing research has shown that the integration of the ICN paradigm with Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) brings new opportunities and challenges to realize the 5G vision [23]. The great potential of ICN in 5G MEC, Software-Defined Network (SDN) and Network Function Virtualization (NFV) is discussed in [24]. The application of MEC, SDN and NFV can ensure mobile users' QoE [25]. Internet Service Providers (ISPs) can provide customized multimedia streaming services to customers through SDN and NFV in future networks, and provide QoE that meets customer needs through intelligent QoE control and management methods [26]. In [27], the authors introduce a common QoE provisioning ecosystem and provide use case scenarios for emerging multimedia streaming services in software-based networks of 5G/6G and beyond. [PERSON] et al. [28] considered integrating SDN with ICN and proposed an enhanced programmable data plane that supports ICN mobility to reduce handover latency. [PERSON] et al. [29] proposed a time period-based hybrid caching (TSBC) strategy based on 5G-ICN bearer network infrastructure. Researchers have tried using ICN-enabled forwarding equipment between the base station and the core network [30; 31]. In [32], such equipment is used to enable ICN and adopt device-to-device communication in 5G.  
Referring to the LTE architecture [33] and related research [34], 5G and ICN deployment solutions have been explored. Through research and analysis, the current deployment solutions mainly have three models, namely overlay model, integrated model and flat model. In the overlay model, ICN operates as a supplementary service layered atop the existing IP infrastructure. Even in overlay configurations, ICN can act as a managed services platform under operator control, delivering caching and computing benefits through edge and core cloud infrastructure. In the integrated model, there exists a distinct control management plane that serves as a relay for Protocol Data Units (PDUs) transmitted via 5G as a carrier from the UE to the gateway hosting the ICN functionality. This model offers the advantage of utilizing the signaling and control layer infrastructure already established in LTE networks, while also enabling cache distribution within the core infrastructure situated closer to the UE. In the flat model, 5G-ICN is integrated into the network to incorporate key control functions such as Mobility Management Entity (MME), Home Subscriber Service (HSS), and Policy and Charging Rules Function (PCRF) by enabling ICN functions. The above three deployment solutions of 5G and ICN converged networks, namely overlay, integrated and flat, are summarized here in terms of ease of deployment, economic cost and implemented functions, as shown in Table 1. It can be seen that the three models have their own advantages and disadvantages. The overlay model has the simplest architecture and the most flexible deployment. However, this model can only implement basic forwarding control separation and caching functions. Because the flat model takes advantage of the slicing function of the 5G network, it is relatively cost-effective and functionally complete, so it is widely used in the current 5G and ICN converged networks. Due to the completeness of its ICN function, the integrated model has also been applied by companies such as Cisco to study 5G and ICN converged networks in specific scenarios. In overlay model, this article considers the UPF sinking scenario.