## 4 Results and Discussion  
The computations and extrapolative graphical display of the results are implemented and highlighted briefly in this section. During rainfall incidents, the depth of rainfall, strength, and amount can continually change from very heavy to light or vice versa. The amount of rain that falls per unit of time can sometimes be light and for a long duration. Sometimes, it can be moderate, with a very long duration, and moderate or long in duration and heavy. It can also be short in duration and very heavy, or long in duration and heavy. When long-lasting and heavy rainfall, it can lead to rapid attenuations and total degradation of radio and microwave signals, which is usually very unpleasant at the user equipment  
Figure 4: Mean yearly percentage of cloud and humidity of the study location. Figure 3: Mean yearly rainfall depths of study location. terminal. Rainfall rate value plots in Figure 5 reveal the quantity of rain that has fallen in depth levels per the duration of fall in mm/h in the study location from 2008 to 2020. The rain rate values were classified as light, moderate and very heavy based on the acquired depths of the rainfall data. As expected, the plots show a one-to-one relationship as greater rain depths result in greater rain rates. Greater rain depths mean greater rain rate intensities due to larger shower droplets. The moderate and heavy rain intensities are recorded for the wetter and wettest months, between April to June and July to September. The displayed results of Figure 6 show that rain attenuation levels increase in correspondence with an increase in the frequency values. This result reveals that the most severe attenuation effects during rainfall are at a higher percentage at higher frequencies. The attenuation levels are seen in each graph. Additionally, results reveal that rain depth due to different water droplets during fall is a significant factor. While moderate and heavy rain depths achieved a mean of 3 dB and 4 dB attenuations, respectively, the attenuation due to light rainfall attained a 2.5 dB level. Figure 5: Classified rain rates values based on rainfall depth levels. Figure 6: Rain attenuation plot versus frequency based on rainfall depth levels. The signal propagation degradation versus path elevation angle for light, moderate and heavy rain rates are shown in Figure 7. The graphical plot discloses higher attenuations at lower path elevation angles, but particularly for heavy rain rates compared to others. This trend implies that the attained attenuation intensities from the atmospheric impairment effects due to rain are directly proportional to the signal quality degradation, especially as the depth of rainwater droplets increases. Still, there is an exception to the angle of elevation, which is inversely proportional. Figure 8 shows the various attenuation intensities achieved owing to the respective acquired mean rain rates of 29.27, 73.71, and 105.39 mm/h versus varied tilt angles. The tilt angle expresses the polarization ellipse between the \(x\)-axis and semi-major axes. It is observed that a 0.35 dB attenuation loss is obtained for 29.27 mm/h rain rates at the range of \(-90^{\circ}\) to \(-61^{\circ}\) tilt angles. For rain rates of 73.71 and 105.39 mm/h, the attenuation values increased to 0.5.6 and 0.58, respectively, at the same tilt angle range. The highest attenuations value attainment can be for mean rain rates of 29.27, 73.71, and 105.39 mm/h at a \(0^{\circ}\) tilt angle. However, the attenuation level decreases drastically as the tilt angle increases from \(0^{\circ}\) to higher values. The specific attenuation values resulting from atmospheric gases and cloud impairment effects versus carrier transmission in the range of 1 GHz to 4 GHz are shown in Figures 9 and 10. The plotted results were achieved by employing the following atmospheric parameters: T = 293 K, P = 101.300 kPa, water vapour density = 3, and \(p\) = 7.5/gm. An increasing attenuation loss trend can be seen in each figure at higher frequencies.