## 3 Methods
### Detection Performance  
As indicated in Figure 6 and Table 3, the inference results for female dogs are as follows. Yolov3-Tiny (Figure 6a) obtained confidence scores of 0.9994 for the head, 0.9858 for the body, 0.9941 for the surgical position, and 0.9869 for the surgical organs. Yolov3 (Figure 6b) obtained confidence scores of 0.9999 for the head, 1.0000 for the body, 1.0000 for the surgical position, and 0.9959 for the surgical organs. Yolov4 (Figure 6c) obtained confidence scores of 0.9997 for the head,  
As displayed in Figure 7 and Table 4, the results of inference for male dogs are as follows. Yolov3-Tiny (Figure 7a) obtained confidence scores of 0.8001 and 0.4046 for the head and body, respectively. Yolov3 (Figure 7b) obtained confidence scores of 0.9948, 0.9993, 0.9995, and 0.9835 for the head, body, surgical position, and surgical organs, respectively. Yolov4 (Figure 7c) obtained confidence scores of 0.9996, 0.9979, 0.9974, and 0.8059/0.9804 for the head, body, surgical position, and surgical organs, respectively. The Yolov4 algorithm has a good ability to recognize small areas, and it can identify the areas of surgical organs of the male dog. The associated two confidence scores are 0.8059 and 0.9804, respectively. This is because Yolov4 can determine two separate images (two balls) from the surgical organs of the male dog, whereas the female dog's organs are connected and lumped together. The body of the female dog was misjudged by Yolov3-Tiny. Moreover, the confidence score for the body of the male dog was low according to the Yolov3-Tiny, with recognition of only half of the score obtained via the Yolov4, as the architecture for the deep learning model of Yolov3-Tiny is smaller than the Yolov4. These simulations show that Yolov4 performed optimally for small areas and correctly identified the surgical organs of the male dog. Second best in terms of performance was Yolov3. Yolov3-Tiny did not meet the expectations. As displayed in Figure 8 and Table 5, the inference results for female cats are as follows. Yolov3-Tiny (Figure 8a) obtained confidence scores of 0.9996 for the head, 0.9997 for the body, 0.9914 for the surgical position, and 0.8308 for surgical organs. Yolov3 (Figure 8b) obtained confidence scores of 1.0000 for the head, 0.9997 for the body, 0.9998 for the surgical position, and 0.9961 for surgical organs. Yolov4 (Figure 8c) obtained confidence scores of 0.9991 for the head, 0.9998 for the body, 0.9988 for the surgical position, and 0.8912 and 0.5778 for the surgical organs. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline  & **Yolov3-Tiny** & **Yolov3** & **Yolov4** \\ \hline Head of male dog & 0.8001 & 0.9948 & 0.9996 \\ Body of male dog & 0.4046 & 0.9993 & 0.9979 \\ Surgical position of male dog & Null & 0.9995 & 0.9974 \\ Surgical organs of male dog & Null & 0.9835 & 0.8059/0.9804 \\ Body of female dog & 0.3417 & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: Detection performance for male dog. Figure 7: Pictures of the Yolov3-Tiny (**a**), Yolov3 (**b**) and Yolov4/s (**c**) detection performance for Male Dog. As displayed in Figure 9 and Table 6, the results of inference for male cats are as follows. Yolov3-Tiny (Figure 9a) obtained confidence scores of 0.9998 for the head, 0.9993 for the body, 0.9539 for the surgical position, and 0.9487 and 0.9135 for the surgical organs. Yolov3 (Figure 9b) obtained confidence scores of 1.0000 for the head, 0.9995 for the body, 1.0000 for the surgical position, and 1.0000 and 0.9999 for the surgical organs. Yolov4 (Figure 9c) obtained confidence scores of 0.9963 for the head, 0.9999 for the body, 0.9961 for the surgical position, and 0.9964 and 0.9966 for the surgical organs. Since the training number of the female cat in Table 2 is 373, the overall confidence score is higher than the confidence score of female dogs, in any case using Yolov3-Tiny, Yolov3, and Yolov4.