# Creation of One- and Two-Dimensional Copper and Zinc Oxides Semiconductor Structures
## 5 Conclusions  
One-dimensional/quasi-one-dimensional and two-dimensional structures of oxide semiconductor materials exhibit enhanced surface activity and high surface area, leading to unique catalytic and sensing properties, as well as modulating electronic and optical properties, making them promising for a wide range of electronic, optoelectronic, and energy applications. The most effective methods for the synthesis of nanostructuredcopper (CuO) and zinc (ZnO) oxides, which have unique properties that make them highly attractive for applications in various fields, were investigated. Various methods, including hydrothermal synthesis, chemical bath deposition, atomic layer deposition, thermal oxidation, and laser-based techniques, are employed to create one- and two-dimensional structures of zinc oxide (ZnO) and copper oxide (CuO). These methods offer precise control over size, shape, and other properties, making them valuable for nanotechnology research and applications. However, they also require careful consideration of factors such as temperature and growth conditions to achieve the desired structural and electronic characteristics in the synthesized materials. Laser-based methods for synthesizing ZnO and CuO nanostructures involve techniques such as pulsed laser ablation, laser-assisted chemical bath deposition, laser-induced hydrothermal growth, and more. In their implementation, the distribution of power density within the laser spot typically plays a crucial role in influencing the quality, morphology, and properties of the synthesized nanomaterials, highlighting the need for precise control of this parameter to achieve the desired material characteristics. The use of wavefront shaping techniques is important for controlling laser-initiated processes because it provides the opportunity to precisely control the phase and amplitude of light waves to achieve desired results in optics and the laser-assisted formation of one- and two-dimensional structures of oxide semiconductor materials. The key concept here is the significance of precise spatial control of laser intensity through the utilization of beam parameter transformation systems to regulate laser-matter interactions. Researchers are actively advancing optical systems to efficiently distribute energy over the surfaces of non-transparent materials, addressing optical forward and inverse problems to attain predefined intensity distributions and precise focusing within specific areas. These efforts consider diffraction processes and offer versatile solutions for a wide range of applications. Diffractive computer optics is presented as a powerful tool for precise beam control and has found applications in laser materials processing and high-resolution imaging, emphasizing the versatility and precision of these techniques in optics and photonics. Laser thermochemical oxidation is used for the formation of ZnO and CuO-based nanostructures. Laser irradiation, when applied to metallic materials, leads to chemical reactions by generating heat within the substances, which can result in the formation of oxide films on the material's surface. This oxidation process can be controlled by manipulating the absorbed energy, thereby preventing thermochemical instability and allowing for the precise regulation of temperature and energy distribution within the material, influencing the oxidation reaction. The study of laser-thermochemical processes for oxidizing metal surfaces is essential for developing advanced technologies in high-tech sectors, particularly in photonics, by precisely controlling laser beam parameters to achieve desired outcomes. With a particular emphasis on understanding the thermochemical processes occurring on metal surfaces in oxygen-rich environments, these processes can profoundly impact heating dynamics and absorption capacity, making laser irradiation a valuable tool for controlling chemical processes influenced by the thermal effect of the laser beam.