## 3 Results
### Interactive Effect between Growth Condition and Species on Nutritional Composition
#### 3.3.2 Amino Acid Composition  
The total of 16 free amino acids were quantified in the three Amaranth species grown under OMET and non-OMET system (Table 7). The results revealed that Amaranth species contained both essential and non-essential amino acids. There was a significant difference (\(p\leq 0.05\)) between amino acid concentration among the same Amaranth species grown under OMET and non-OMET. Essential amino acids threonine, lysine, valine, isoleucine, leucine, and phenylalanine were detected in all Amaranth species grown under both OMET and non-OMET system. The levels of phenylalanine in OMET grown _A. cruentus_ (2.54 mg/kg) (Table 7) were higher than the amount reported in the leaves of _A. cruentus_ (0.66 mg/kg) [20]. The OMET grown _A. cruentus_ also showed a slightly higher amount of leucine (2.21 mg/kg) than the amount reported in _A. cruentus_ (1.55 mg/kg) [20]. The highest concentration of valine (1.45 mg/kg) detected in OMET grown _A. cruentus_ was shown to be lower than the amount reported in _A. cruentus_ (1.51 mg/kg) [20]. Moreover, the highest quantity of isoleucine (1.29 mg/kg) and threonine (1.15 mg/kg) detected in OMET grown _A. cruentus_ showed to be both higher than the amount reported in leaves of _A. cruentus_ (isoleucine (0.83 mg/kg) and threonine (0.85 mg/kg) [20]. The lysine concentration was 2.37 and 2.25 mg/kg in OMET grown _A. cruentus_ and OMET grown _A. caudatus_, respectively (Table 7); this was higher than the concentration reported in the leaves of _A. cruentus_ (1.73 mg/kg) [20]. Nonessential amino acids, serine, arginine, glycine, aspartate, and glutamate were detected in three Amaranth species. The glycine, aspartate, and glutamate were identi  
\begin{table} \begin{tabular}{l l l l l l l l} \hline \hline  & & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Essential Amino Acids**} \\ \cline{2-7}  & & **Threonine** & **Valine** & **Isooleucine** & **Lysine** & **Leucine** & **Phenylalanine** \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{_A. caudatus_} & OMET & 0.92 \(\pm\) 0.024 b & 1.09 \(\pm\) 0.043 c & 0.97 \(\pm\) 0.031 b & 2.25 \(\pm\) 0.05 a & 1.66 \(\pm\) 0.044 b & 2.36 \(\pm\) 0.05 a \\ \cline{2-7}  & non-OMET & 0.66 \(\pm\) 0.025 d & 0.84 \(\pm\) 0.027 d & 0.76 \(\pm\) 0.026 c & 1.3 \(\pm\) 0.034 b & 1.25 \(\pm\) 0.038 c & 1.14 \(\pm\) 0.035 c \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{_A. cruentus_} & OMET & 1.15 \(\pm\) 0.034 a & 1.45 \(\pm\) 0.041 a & 1.29 \(\pm\) 0.027 a & 2.37 \(\pm\) 0.05 a & 2.21 \(\pm\) 0.042 a & 2.54 \(\pm\) 0.051 a \\ \cline{2-7}  & non-OMET & 0.93 \(\pm\) 0.036 b & 1.22 \(\pm\) 0.042 b & 1.12 \(\pm\) 0.039 a & 2.19 \(\pm\) 0.050 a & 1.92 \(\pm\) 0.051 b & 1.95 \(\pm\) 0.043 b \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{_A. tricolor_} & OMET & 0.88 \(\pm\) 0.021 c & 1.08 \(\pm\) 0.034 c & 0.98 \(\pm\) 0.028 b & 1.62 \(\pm\) 0.036 b & 1.66 \(\pm\) 0.041 b & 1.47 \(\pm\) 0.038 c \\ \cline{2-7}  & non-OMET & 0.43 \(\pm\) 0.021 e & 0.52 \(\pm\) 0.026 d & 0.46 \(\pm\) 0.022 d & 0.8 \(\pm\) 0.012 c & 0.74 \(\pm\) 0.024 d & 0.71 \(\pm\) 0.023 d \\ \hline \multicolumn{7}{c}{Non-essential amino acids} \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{_A. caudatus_} & OMET & 1.12 \(\pm\) 0.047 b & 0.97 \(\pm\) 0.034 b & 1.37 \(\pm\) 0.05 b & 1.2 \(\pm\) 0.041 c & 1.52 \(\pm\) 0.05 c & \\ \cline{2-7}  & non-OMET & 0.86 \(\pm\) 0.031 c & 0.7 \(\pm\) 0.030 c & 0.95 \(\pm\) 0.041 c & 0.96 \(\pm\) 0.042 c & 1.29 \(\pm\) 0.049 c \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{_A. cruentus_} & OMET & 1.37 \(\pm\) 0.048 a & 0.98 \(\pm\) 0.036 b & 1.33 \(\pm\) 0.044 b & 1.33 \(\pm\) 0.044 b & 1.75 \(\pm\) 0.05 b \\ \cline{2-7}  & non-OMET & 1.54 \(\pm\) 0.05 a & 1.16 \(\pm\) 0.045 a & 1.46 \(\pm\) 0.048 a & 2.02 \(\pm\) 0.05 a & 2.55 \(\pm\) 0.05 a \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{_A. tricolor_} & OMET & 1.12 \(\pm\) 0.049 b & 0.91 \(\pm\) 0.042 b & 1.21 \(\pm\) 0.047 b & 1.53 \(\pm\) 0.049 b & 1.95 \(\pm\) 0.05 b \\ \cline{2-7}  & non-OMET & 0.53 \(\pm\) 0.028 d & 0.46 \(\pm\) 0.022 c & 0.59 \(\pm\) 0.029 d & 0.6 \(\pm\) 0.030 d & 0.73 \(\pm\) 0.032 d \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}