## 3 Conceptual Framework and Hypotheses
### On-Site Co-Creation of Experience  
Location-based AR games are mainly used to encourage more on-site engagement and enhance the visitor's on-site experience at a destination in a more interesting and informative way. Real-time co-creation and instant services are mainly referred to during the traveling period phase [60]. Mobile technologies can lead to real-time interaction channels that co-create value with visitors and develop genuine engagement [61; 62]. Location-based triggers provide highly relevant instantaneous dynamics and real-time inputs, bringing contextualized personalization. In [PERSON] [63] and [PERSON] [64] studies, it was shown that the combination of tourists' personal preferences and external factors such as cultural heritage buildings and artifacts provide the contextual information needed for location-based augmented reality games to co-create real-time value, opening up a new special form that complements the face-to-face experience. Stoytelling has been recognized as a key component of tourism experience design [65]. Digital technologies for tourism in cultural heritage destinations are co-creative tools for engaging tourists to deliver memorable experiences through storytelling that facilitates enhanced visitor engagement, entertains, and provokes emotional interactions. Previous research explains storytelling and creation in heritage environments [66]. However, to meet the needs of experiential tourists and enhance the competitiveness of cultural heritage sites, storytelling in location-based AR games emphasizes how tourists co-create and negotiate the meanings of the past as well as the ways in which cultural narratives and values are connected. Often, location-based pathways are navigated with specific types of cultural and historical stories, such as characters, narrators, and co-created storylines that tend to activate the imagination by connecting with visitors' experiences and emotions [67]. The result is a co-created experience that effectively engages visitors in a personally meaningful creative and storytelling experience in a heritage augmented reality environment. Interaction refers to the creation of intelligent environments responsive to human presence at cultural heritage sites, dynamically adapting and exploring tangible and intangible heritage through mobile technology access pathways. Location-based AR games are described as a spatially engaging live experience that can inspire visitors to explore, play, and learn [68]. For example, visitors can choose a semi-customized path through a heritage conservation space based on their interests [69]. By providing task-related content, unique experiences can allow visitors to engage and play a role in creating interactions, emphasizing the importance of co-creation in which visitors engage in self-development as well as reflexive visitor interactions. Some of the interactions occurred with other tourists, locals, or staff on site, and some were with artifacts in the augmented reality space. Regardless of the type, these are all part of the co-creation of the experience. Such interactions bring subjectivities face to face with other subjectivities, creating a common space where emotions, values, and choices converge, emphasizing the social properties of interactions in co-creation tourism experiences [70; 71]. Location-based AR games expand the ways in which cultural heritage sites can be visited, for example, by using simulations and systems to enable interactive or immersive experiences. By giving visitors the freedom to choose a historical period through immersive mechanics, the historical environment set up by the game is accurately revealed, immersing the visitor in a more realistic environment [72; 73]. Lecce AR does so by including the AR information as a stream of video in this museum program to put an immersive experience into it [74].