# Applied Engineering Using Schumann Resonance for Earthquakes Monitoring
## 3 Results and Discussion
Currently, there are no ELF observatories in these zones, which make the prediction of seismic events possible and thus they are considered as vulnerable areas. So, in Africa, there is no evidence of significant seismic events recorded and therefore installing ELF observatories would not be a priority, although it would be recommended. However, there are other areas of the world with high earthquake intensity and risk to human life as consequence to the high population density [86]. The low atmospheric attenuation with some latitude dependence of ELF signals (with an average of 0.64 dB/km at 40 Hz) allows for wave propagations at global scale [87]. Despite the global character of these signals, the signals anomalies related to the occurrence of seismic events cannot be detected whenever the magnitude is less than 6 (M \(<\) 6). It should be considered that seismic phenomena of such magnitudes can also cause disasters and should be taken into account for their early detection [25]. This is one of the reasons behind the necessity of establishing new ELF stations in the potentially active regions, such as the Asian zone or the south of America. The development of new ELF stations in areas of frequent seismic activity could be considered as a very useful tool for the possible detection of seismic phenomena. There are researchers with great \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline ID & Geographical Area & Lat(\({}^{\circ}\)N) & Lon(\({}^{\circ}\)E) \\ \hline AS-1 & Philippines & 13.723 & 121.153 \\ AS-2 & Asia—Basey (Western Samar)—Philippines & 6.413 & 126.161 \\ OC-1 & Indonesia & 0.389 & 120.841 \\ OC-2 & Indonesia & \(-\)0.808 & 132.751 \\ OC-3 & Oceania—Papua New Guinea & \(-\)4.8817 & 144.243 \\ OC-4 & Oceania—Papua New Guinea & \(-\)5.8344 & 153.886 \\ OC-5 & Indonesia & \(-\)6.493 & 126.073 \\ OC-6 & Indonesia & \(-\)8.569 & 115.741 \\ SA-2 & South America—Peru & \(-\)10.500 & \(-\)77.000 \\ OC-7 & Oceania—Salomon Islands & \(-\)11.127 & 162.771 \\ SA-3 & South America—Peru & \(-\)17.000 & \(-\)72.000 \\ OC-8 & Oceania—Nüue & \(-\)18.027 & \(-\)170.00 \\ OC-9 & Oceania—Malo Island (Vanuatu) & \(-\)18.421 & 168.411 \\ SA-1 & South America—Ecuador & \(-\)22.185 & \(-\)79.902 \\ SA-4 & South America—Chile & \(-\)24.537 & \(-\)70.707 \\ SA-5 & South America—Chile & \(-\)33.235 & \(-\)71.726 \\ OC-10 & Oceania—Tonga & \(-\)26.547 & \(-\)180.00 \\ OC-11 & Oceania—New Zealand & \(-\)41.25 & 175.00 \\ SA-6 & South America—Chile & \(-\)41.497 & \(-\)72.986 \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Proposed ELF Observatories (500 km). experience in the correlation of seismograms with previous anomalies of the natural patterns of ELF signals. The author [PERSON] is one of the main advocates of this theory, as indicated by the large number of articles he has developed in this topic, although the list of researchers is rather extensive. Table 4 shows some of the precursor phenomena of seismic events, which have been observed in different earthquakes in recent years. The table above shows that the number of earthquake precursor electromagnetic phenomena is high, and that the majority are due to anomalies in the signals that were captured in different ELF stations. Such anomalies comprise from the increase or decrease of the usual intensity of the signal, a shift in the frequency of some of its modes of resonance or the existence of signals considered as ELF noise, signals not usually be in this band. It should be also considered that there is no exact methodology for the temporary detection of these precursory phenomena. Some have been observed for several minutes before an earthquake, others a few days before or even weeks. Therefore, it is an empirical methodology that depends on several factors, such as the magnitude of the seismic event, the proximity to the ELF station, its instrumentation, and even the existing environment.