## 3 Results  
The patients in the study were divided into control- and OSA-groups based on the results of the sleep study performed; 36 patients were confirmed not to have OSA, and as a result, formed the control group. OSA group patients were divided into mild OSA (32 patients) and moderately severe-severe OSA groups (32 patients), given the small number of elements in each subgroup.  
General Demographic and Anthropometric Characteristics of the Patient Population and the Results of the Berlin and Epworth Questionnaires  
The distribution of age, gender, BMI, anthropometric parameters and questionnaire result values in various patient groups is presented in Table 1.  
Male dominance was observed in both the control, mild and moderately severe-severe OSA groups. OSA patients were mostly above 40 years, whereas the ages of the patients in the control group were predominantly below 40 years. A significant difference was proven between the age of the control and mild OSA groups. Patients in the control group were in the normal BMI group while patients in the OSA groups were predominantly in the overweight and obese group. In cases of BMI, significant differences emerged between the control and the mild, and the control and the moderately severe-severe OSA groups. A significant difference was observed between the neck, abdomen and hip circumferences of patients in the control and OSA subgroups. In the results of the Berlin questionnaire, significant differences could be observed between the control and mild OSA, and the control  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Indicators**} & \multirow{2}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} **Control Group,** \\ **n = 36 (A)** \\ \end{tabular} } & \multirow{2}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} **Mild OSA,** \\ **n = 32 (B)** \\ \end{tabular} } & \multirow{2}{*}{\
\begin{tabular}{c} **Moderately Severe +** \\ **Severe OSA, n = 32 (C)** \\ \end{tabular} } & \multirow{2}{*}{
\begin{tabular}{c} **\(p\)-Value** \\ **\end{tabular} } & \multirow{2}{*}{**Differences**} \\ \hline Age (years) & 38.42 \(\pm\) 12.13 & 45.34 \(\pm\) 11.17 & 43.16 \(\pm\) 10.9 & 0.042 ** & A–B \\ \hline \(\leq\)40 years & 24 (67\%) & 9 (28\%) & 12 (37\%) & & \\ \  
and the moderately severe-severe OSA groups. The results of the Epworth questionnaire, however, presented no significant difference between the study groups.  
The distribution of the Berlin questionnaire scores in each OSA subgroup is presented in Table 2.  
Based on the results of the Berlin questionnaire, patients in the non-OSA group were mainly in the low and uncertain OSA probability group. The mild OSA group was dominated by total questionnaire scores below 6 points, i.e., the questionnaire results showed a low probability of OSA. Conversely, in the moderately severe-severe OSA group, 44% of the scores were dominated by low OSA probability and 34% were dominated by high OSA probability.  
A contingency table, consisting of AHI-based OSA categorization and probabilities of OSA, based on the Epworth total score, is presented in Table 3.  
The Epworth questionnaire did not detect daytime sleepiness in 77% of patients in the non-OSA group, while mild to moderate daytime sleepiness was observed in 11% and 12% of patients. In the mild OSA group, 40% of patients had no daytime sleepiness, while mild sleepiness was present in 19% and moderate in 28%. The moderately severe-severe OSA group was characterized by moderate (44%) and severe daytime sleepiness (28%).