## 1 Introduction  
While earthquake prediction studies continue worldwide, a growing focus is on reducing the damage caused by earthquakes. Loss of life and damage caused by destructive earthquakes can be reduced by using early warning systems. The United Nations [1] urged countries vulnerable to earthquakes to expand their efforts to establish, develop, and operate such systems. In consequence of recent advances in technology and a better understanding of the physical processes involved in earthquakes, Earthquake Early Warning Systems (EEWS) are rapidly improving [2]. They are now in operation in many countries around the world, including Japan [3], the USA [4], China [5, 6], Mexico [7], Taiwan [8], South Korea [9], Italy [10], Israel [11], and Chile [12]. EEWS are the most effective way for reducing hazards of earthquakes. These systems cannot predict earthquakes but try to detect them to generate warnings. The EEWS infrastructures and algorithms use the propagation velocity difference between the P and S-waves. When an earthquake is detected, the system generates a real-time warning signal that is quickly transmitted to affected areas. This allows for timely actions, such as opening exit doors in buildings, ensuring escalators run towards exits, bringing elevators to the nearest floor, cutting off or controlling electricity, and slowing or stopping activities in facilities, such as factories, nuclear power plants, refineries, high-speed trains, subways, trams, and hospitals performing micro-surgery operations. Regional EEWS rely on seismic stations established in locations closest to the earthquake source to generate warnings, and the automatic transmission of alerts to areas in need. Turkiye is located in the seismically highly active Alpine-Himalayan tectonic belt. One of the most seismically active fault zones in Turkiye is the North Anatolian Fault Zone (NAFZ). It often produces destructive and damaging earthquakes. Bursa province, along with its surrounding areas, is located in this active zone and has been exposed to numerous destructive earthquakes [13; 14; 15; 16; 17; 18]. The study area is at high risk of earthquakes. The earthquake occurred on 28 February 1855, (I\({}_{0}\) = IX and Ms = 7.1) caused heavy damage, loss of life, and property in Bursa and its surroundings during the pre-instrumental period (\(<\)1900) [13; 19; 20]. During the instrumental period (\(>\)1900), important earthquakes that occurred in Bursa and its surroundings include the 15 April 1905 earthquake (Ms = 5.6), 3 August 1939 earthquake (Ms = 5.5), 15 September 1939 earthquake (Ms = 5.8), 13 November 1948 earthquake (Ms = 5.6), and 6 October 1964 earthquake (Ms = 6.8) [17] (Figure 1). The Izmit earthquake occurred on 17 August 1999 (Mw = 7.6) and caused severe loss of life and property and was also strongly felt in Bursa [21]. After the Izmit earthquake, some geo-scientists suggested that the next major earthquake would be on active faults located at the southwest end of the 1999 earthquake rupture [22; 23; 24; 25]. [PERSON] et al. [26] reported that based on slip-deficit and historical observations, three segments in the Marmara Sea could produce major earthquakes (\(M>7\)). Bursa, the fourth largest city in Turkiye located in the Marmara region, is a bustling hub of more than 3 million people and host to many heavy industries and historical structures. As an active player of the country's economic growth and development, it is crucial to minimize the effects stemming from the seismic hazards. One of the most effective precautions in this regard is the establishment of an EBW system. In this study, an EEWS has been set up by gathering the data where the stations located in and around study area into a single software of the seismometers and accelerometers belongs to Kocaeli University Earth and Space Sciences Research and Application  
Figure 1: Tectonic elements of the Bursa province and its surroundings and location of significant historical and instrumental earthquakes. Faults shown are from [PERSON] et al. [27].