## 6 Suggested Measures to Reduce Energy Consumption and/or Energy Costs
### Implementation of an Energy Management System  
The company did not have an energy consumption monitoring system. This fact made it impossible to break down the consumption of all the machines. The simultaneity of its operation also made this disaggregation difficult. According to ISO 50001:2018, the implementation of an energy management system (EnMS) allows for the creation of conditions that improve energy efficiency, but it does not, by itself, guarantee energy efficiency. The implementation of a monitoring system does not directly result in a reduction in energy consumption. However, if well-designed, it can facilitate the identification of less efficient sources and enable the correction of these inefficiencies, leading to energy savings. Organizations can seek certification if they implement an EnMS in accordance with the ISO 50001:2018 standard and find it suitable for their needs. However, regardless of certification, the advantages of implementing this type of system are as follows [30]:  
* Preservation of natural resources;
* Decrease in environmental pollution;
* Reduction in energy costs;
* Greater energy efficiency;
* Compliance with legal requirements;
* Standing out in relation to the competition that still does not consider this cause;
* Improvement of the organization's image reveals a concern with environmental issues. In general, and according to [PERSON] [31], typical savings acquired exclusively from monitoring and controlling energy consumption can be 3% in the case of electrical consumption and 5% for other forms of energy. Now, to assess the hypothetical annual savings that the adoption of an EnMS would bring to the company, energy consumption for the year 2021 was considered, with potential savings of 3% for electricity consumption and 5% for natural gas. Thus, in 2021, the factory consumed 380 toe of electricity and 938 toe of natural gas. Such consumption would represent a total savings of $16,173 ($5522 in electricity and $10,651 in natural gas). With an initial investment of around $20,510, according to the study carried out by [PERSON] [32], the estimated return can be obtained in 1.27 years. This value is within acceptable values according to the Intensive Energy Consumption Management System [20]. The IECMS states that the implementation of this measure has an average payback of 3 years, and the financial return value can vary between 1.2 years and 3.2 years. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline  & **Financial Feasibility** & \\ \hline IRR before fees-own capital & \% & negative \\ \hline IRR before fees-assets & \% & negative \\ \hline IRR after fees-own capital & \% & negative \\ \hline IRR after fees-assets & \% & negative \\ \hline Simple payback & year & \\ \hline Own capital payback & year & \textgreater{}project \\ \hline Net present value (NPL) & \(\hat{\epsilon}\) & \textasci{-}789,912 \\ \hline Economic Life cycle & \(\hat{\epsilon}\)/year & \textasci{-}39,496 \\ \hline Cost-Benefit Ratio & & 0.00 \\ \hline Energy generation cost & \(\hat{\epsilon}\)/MWh & \textasci{-}335,544.32 \\ \hline GHG reduction cost & \(\hat{\epsilon}\)/CO2 & Without reduction \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 19: Financial feasibility of the project. Nevertheless, the energy management system must be considered a management tool for the factory and not a control tool. The implementation of this type of system allows instantaneous energy radiographs, that is, at the moment they are taken. Furthermore, it allows for the regular collection of information with the expectation of eliminating energy waste both at the behavioral and activity levels. However, energy management systems must be supported by energy audits and different consumption reduction interventions [18]. Still, in the context of an energy management system, increasing efficiency in energy consumption depends a lot on the individual responsibility of each employee at their workstations.