# A Review on Bioactive Compounds and Pharmacological Activities of _Citrus unshiu_
## 4 Pharmacological Activities of Satsuma Mandarin
### Anticancer
Sci._**2025**, _15_, 4475  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Cancers**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Model Type**} & \multirow{2}{*}{ \begin{tabular}{c} **Bioactive** \\ **Compounds** \\ \end{tabular}  } & \multirow{2}{*}{ \begin{tabular}{c} **Extraction Techniques** \\ **and Application in** \\ **Treatment** \\ \end{tabular}  } & \multirow{2}{*}{\ \begin{tabular}{c} **Anticancer** \\ **Activity/** \\ **Mechanisms** \\ \end{tabular}  } & \multirow{2}{*}{ \begin{tabular}{c} **Target** \\ **Genes/Signaling** \\ **Pathways** \\ \end{tabular}  } \\ \hline Breast & \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Cancers** & **Model Type** & **Bioactive** & **Extraction Techniques** & **Anticancer** & **Target** & **Ref.** \\  & **Compounds** & **and Application in** & **Activity/** & **Genes/Signaling** & **Ref.** \\  & & **Compounds** & **Treatment** & **Mechanisms** & **Pathways** & **Ref.** \\ \hline  & & & PaC cells were treated & & & \\  & & & with hesperetin and & & & \\  & & & naringenin isolated from & & & \\  & & & _C. unshin_ peel at different & & & \\  & & & concentrations (0, 1, 5, 10, & & \\  & & & and 20 uM) for 48 and & & & \\  & & & & 72 h. The extraction was & & \\  & & & performed in sodium & & \\  & & & acetate buffer. The & & & \\  & & & extracts were added to & & \\  & Panc-1, & & buffer and incubated with & & \\  & Detroit551, & & \(\beta\)-glucosidase (90 U/g), & & & \\  & & Miapaca-2, & & cellulase (54 U/g), & & \\ Pancreatic & and SNU-213 & & & pectinase (120 U/g) at & & \\  & PaC cells; & & naringenin & 45 \({}^{\circ}\)C, and with ferminin & & \\  & BALB/c & & at 30 \({}^{\circ}\)C. The extracts & & & \\  & nude mice & & were analyzed using & & \\  & & & high-performance liquid & & \\  & & & chromatography. & & \\  & & & Mice were randomized & & \\  & & & to receive & & \\  & & & phosphate-buffered saline, & & \\  & & & and 10/30 mg/kg & & \\  & & & naringenin/hesperetin & & \\  & & & mixture. & & \\ \hline  & & & Mice were supplemented & & \\  & & & with a standard diet and & & \\  & & & then randomized & & \\  & & & to receive & & \\  & & & phosphate-buffered saline & & \\  & & & plus water, or C. _unshitu_ & & \\  & & & peel extracts (3 and & \\  & & & 30 mg/kg) for 32 days, & & \\ Renal & & & plus phosphate-buffered & & \\  & & & saline injection of Renca & & \\  & Renal cancer & & & cells. The extracts were & & \\  & cell line Renca & & naritutin & concentrated using a & \\  & & & rotary evaporator and & & \\  & & & dried in a freeze-dry, & & \\  & & & then dissolved in 400 mL & & \\  & & & of distilled water for 24 h & & \\  & & & at 4 \({}^{\circ}\)C and filtered. & & \\  & & & High-performance liquid & & \\  & & & chromatography- & & \\  & & & ultraviolet method was & & \\  & & & used for the detection & & \\  & & & of extracts. & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: _Cont._  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Cancers**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Model Type**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Bioactive Compounds**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Extraction Techniques**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Anticancer Activity/**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Target**} \\  & & & **and Application in Treatment** & **Mechanisms** & **Genes/Signaling Pathways** & **Ref. ** \\ \hline Liver & HepG2 & Hesperidin, & HepG2 cells were treated with _C. unshiu_ pulp juice extracts at different concentrations up to 200 \(\mathrm{\SIUnitSymbolMicro g}\)/mL for 24 h. The pulp juice was filtered, concentrated using an evaporator at 60 \(\mathrm{\SIUnitSymbolMicro C}\), and then freeze-dried at \(-52\,\mathrm{\SIUnitSymbolMicro C}\). & Antioxidants & HO-1 \(\uparrow\); ROS, GSH \(\downarrow\) & [61] \\  & HepG2 & Hesperidin, & Pulju juice was filtered, concentrated using an evaporator at 60 \(\mathrm{\SIUnitSymbolMicro C}\), and then freeze-dried at \(-52\,\mathrm{\SIUnitSymbolMicro C}\).