## 5 Discussion  
The primary purpose of this study was to explore passengers' satisfaction with Demand-Responsive transport (DRT) in Lahore, Pakistan. Two DRT services are currently operating in Lahore, namely SWVL (choice A) and Airlift (choice B). A questionnaire was prepared for both services and data were collected using personal interview and a web-based approach. A total of 440 samples were collected. It is to be noted that there is no universal consensus among the research community on the threshold for minimum sample size. Correct factor structure can be obtained for sample sizes even less than 50 given that communalities are high, number of variables per factor are high, and the number of extracted factors is small [47]. The descriptive analysis indicated that most of the DRT users are young, single, and students. Factor analysis was performed on the collected data, which yielded two underlying factors, namely service-attributes and ambience for both choice A and choice B. [48] also found similar underlying constructs. Overall, demographic factors except motorcycle ownership and education level were found to have no effect on the underlying constructs obtained through factor analysis. Those who owned a motorcycle reported to be more satisfied with service-attributes and ambiance of choice B bus service. A possible explanation for this is the amount of safety risk involved with riding a motorcycle in a big city of Pakistan [49]. Also, a weak negative correlation was found between education level and service-attributes as well as between education and ambience of choice B service. [50] also found education to be negatively correlated with the perceived quality of public transport. Other studies have also found education level to affect passengers' travel choices [26; 51]. In addition, the fact that this study did not find a difference between male and female passengers' satisfaction levels is in line with the results reported by [52]. Ordinal regression was performed to model the relationship between overall satisfaction and the continuous and binary predictors. The model fitted the data well for choice A. Factors underlying the service quality were found to be significant predictors for overall satisfaction. The coefficients indicated that an increase in satisfaction with service-attributes and ambience of the bus service is likely to increase overall satisfaction with the services. Furthermore, improvement in service-attributes is likely to bring more of an increase in overall satisfaction than improvement in ambience of these services. It implies that the items loading on service-attributes such as travel time saving, accessibility, equity, speed, incentive system, and information system can be improved to obtain a positive change in overall satisfaction. Passengers in the lower income groups were found to be more satisfied with choice A. It could be attributed to the fact that the low-income passengers are likely to be captive users as they might not be able to afford their own private vehicles for travelling, whereas, those in the higher income category can afford to use their own private vehicles and, therefore, appear to be less satisfied with choice A. The passengers in the younger age groups have a lower likelihood of overall satisfaction with choice A. This is in line with the results reported by [53]. Ref. [54] also reported that frequent users' satisfaction \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**Item Name** & **Regression Coefficient** & **Sig.** \\ \hline
[Overall satisfaction = 3.00] & 0.888 & 0.599 \\
[Overall satisfaction = 4.00] & 3.766 & 0.028 * \\ Service Attributes & 0.129 & 0.684 \\ Ambiance of the Bus & 0.068 & 0.838 \\
[age \textless{} 30 years] & 1.465 & 0.303 \\
[age = 30–50 years] & 1.98 & 0.177 \\
[age \textgreater{} 50 years] & 0* & \\
[monthly income \textless{} 30,000 PKR] & 0.336 & 0.52 \\
[monthly income = 30,000–60,000 PKR] & 0.803 & 0.035 * \\
[income \textgreater{} 60,000 PKR] & 0* & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}