# The Interaction of Cytokines in Orthodontics: A Systematic Review
## 3 Results  
After eliminating duplicates (480), a total of 1478 papers were obtained from the databases ScienceDirect (652), PubMed (701), and Scopus (125). This resulted in 998 articles. A total of 846 entries were eliminated after their titles and abstracts were examined. The writers were able to successfully obtain the remaining 152 papers and confirm their eligibility. A total of 111 items were eliminated in this process because they were off-topic. The qualitative analysis of the 18 final articles is included in this study (Figure 3). Each study's findings are presented in Table 2.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Authors (Year)** & **Type of the Study** & **Aim of the Study** & **Materials** & **Results** \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} [PERSON] et al. \\ (2017) [85] \\ \end{tabular} } & \multirow{8}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} Controlled \\ Longitudinal study \\ \end{tabular} } & \multirow{8}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} The study sample included 15 \\ healthy patients, undergoing OT at \\ the Orthodontic Clinic of the \\ Faculty of Depnistry of the State \\ University of Rio de Janeiro. \\ Periodonal monitoring was \\ performed at each stage of the OT, \\ with assessments of visible plaque \\ and of bleeding on palpation. \\ Furthermore, GCF samples were \\ collected from specific teeth at \\ different stages of OT, using \\ Luminex technology for cytokine \\ quantification. \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} [PERSON] al. \\ (2012) [18] \\ \end{tabular} } & \multirow{8}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} Controlled \\ longitudinal \\ intervention study \\ \end{tabular} } & \multirow{8}{*}{\
\begin{tabular}{c} This study investigates on \\ changes in cytokines and \\ biomarkers of bone and tissue \\ metabolism within GCF from \\ patients undergoing OT. \\ \end{tabular} } & \multirow{8}{*}{
\begin{tabular}{c} The results showed that \\ total cytokine levels in the \\ between 17 and 28 undergoing OT. \\ \end{tabular} } \\  & & & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & &  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Authors (Year)** & **Type of the Study** & **Aim of the Study** & **Materials** & **Results** \\ \hline \multirow{9}{*}{
\begin{tabular}{c} [PERSON] et al. \\ (2022) [88] \\ \end{tabular} } & \multirow{3}{*}{Controlled clinical trial} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of oral irrigators with interdental brushes in patients with fixed} & There were two groups of patients with fixed OT. Furthermore, biochemical data, particularly on IL-1\(\upbeta\) concentrations in GCF, are presented, showing results favorable to the oral irrigator group. & The text suggests that the use of oral irrigators can have a positive impact on gum health, offering an effective alternative to interdental brushes. & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & \\ \cline{1-1}  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline
**Authors (Year)** & **Type of the Study** & **Aim of the Study** & **Materials** & **Results** \\ \hline  & & & & IL-8 concentration \\  & & & & significantly decreased \\  & & & & one day after treatment, \\  & & & followed by an increase at \\  & & & & one and four weeks but \\  & & & & did not reach baseline. \\  & & & & \\  & & & & \\  & & & & \\  & & & & \\  & & & & \\  & & & & \\  & & & & \\  & & & & \\  & & & & \\  & & & & \\  & & & & \\ \end{tabular}
\begin{tabular}{c} [PERSON] \\ et al. (2021) \\ [92] \\ \end{tabular} & Descriptive- & To investigate the dynamics of & & & times: before OT, 24 h, 7 days, and \\  & analytical study & & 28 days after treatment. IL-8 levels & & significant difference in \\  & & & measured using ELISA. & IL-8 concentration on the \\  & & & first day of treatment, with \\  & & & adults having lower IL-8 levels. No significant \\  & & & difference between sexes \\  & & & during the treatment \\  & & & period. \\ \[PERSON]. [PERSON] et al. & Prospective clinical \\ (2018) & study & & & \\  & study & & & \\  & & & & \\  & & & & \\  
Figure 3: PRISMA flowchart of the literature search and article inclusion process.