## 2 Literature Review  
In addition, the research gaps of such previous studies are provided in this portion and are described below. The author of [16] suggested a technique for wave complaint augmentation to transmit safety messages in VANET. To reduce channel congestion and wasteful bandwidth consumption, the first part of the strategy depends on dynamic beacon creation. Additionally, the clustering technique in the proposed work prioritizes the mobility of vehicles and executes clustering based on beaconing frequencies and varied data transmission rates. The simulation results show that the performance of the suggested strategy improves service quality across two distinct ranges. The author of [17] suggested a broadcast strategy to spread the emergency warning across the developed Internet of Vehicles (IoV). The weighted node, which is a relay candidate and is determined by a mix of distance, connection availability, and packet reception ratio, denotes the first protocol selection advice for a relaying node. Additionally, the relay packet's highest priority node is chosen by the node with the highest weighted probability. The other node will transmit the emergency messages if the chosen node cannot transfer the messages. By doing this, a high packet delivery ratio, low delivery delay, and reliable transmission of emergent messages are all assured. Here, the routing was performed directly where the lack of vehicle clustering led to ineffective routing due to high mobility, resulting in high packet loss. In [18], the author introduced a novel message broadcast strategy based on VANET clustering and effective communication. The clustering plan can be adapted to any environment to include a hierarchy-based cluster selection strategy that prioritizes tasks to minimize media latency. Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) cluster-based multicast communication and unmanned ground vehicles (UGV) dynamic mobility cannot compromise the effectiveness of mobile device management (MDM) distribution. The suggested approach is also flexible since a significant amount of devastation might result from any message delivery failure. For VANET, a suggested density-based clustering method using the Cauchy density algorithm was devised. In [19], a centralized clustering approach was used to construct a Cauchy density model to address the VANET issue in a 3D road environment. According to factors, such as mobility, traffic, driving style, and road curvature, this model groups vehicles together. Additionally, the Cauchy density model's clustering methods establish the mobility vector to enable the addition of vehicles to each cluster. The findings show that this approach improves clustering efficiency, cluster head selection, and cluster member duration. However, vehicles directly communicate with the base station, leading to high power consumption due to the direct transmission of requests and demands for service, leading to high latency. This study suggested using VANET to send emergency messages on bend roads. Additionally, the message may spread concurrently in two directions. Relay node selection, however, is determined by the length of the road's neighbor node coverage. The neighboring nodes are then provided with various waiting times to cover the road's capacity in case the messages are not received. Lastly, the results show that the suggested approach outperformed the contention latency and the propagation velocity. The routing decisions are only based on neighbor direction [20]. The authors of [21] suggested that trust management can be implemented by distributing emergency notifications across a vehicle network. First, 6G can facilitate significant interconnectivity in vehicle networks, catering to a variety of service requirements, with high throughput and low-latency wireless communication capabilities for vehicular networks. Next, it can optimize the vehicular network's performance to meet device service needs.