# On the Evaluation of the NB-IoT Random Access Procedure in Monitoring Infrastructures
## 2 State of the Art
### NB-IoT in Smart Monitoring Infrastructures
On the other hand, in (2019), NB-IoT has been identified as one of the most suitable wireless communication technologies for Smart Agriculture applications because of its key features (low power consumption, long communication range, and relatively easy network implementation). Specifically, NB-IoT sensors collect environmental and soil data, which include ambient temperature, atmospheric humidity, luminance, and soil moisture and temperature, every half an hour and transmit them to the application server. Data are then analyzed by artificial intelligence systems, which impart the corresponding methodologies to actuators to satisfy the specific conditions for crop growths. Similarly, [PERSON] et al. (2019) presented a system for monitoring greenhouses of high-cost crop in the suburb. Temperature and humidity data, as well as lighting parameters, are regularly collected from the remote field and then synchronized with servers using NB-IoT. Experimental results further demonstrate the feasibility and stability of data collecting using such a system. Industry 4.0. was targeted by [PERSON] et al. (2019), who proposed a smart solution for identification, assessment, and tracking of industrial assets. After a comprehensive comparative study between the existing communication technologies, NB-IoT is recognized as a key technology for achieving the requirements of the 4.0 paradigm. In the context of the intelligent fishery, the authors of (2019) designed a fully-automatic and intelligent monitoring system for dissolved Oxygen of aquaculture water, in order to reduce the mortality of bred animals. NB-IoT modules, along with optical and polarographic sensors, and controllers are used to maintain the oxygen level of the aquaculture water in the typical range. As for the Smart Grid, [PERSON] et al. (2019) demonstrated that NB-IoT work well in four typical communication scenarios, after performing a comprehensive investigation on their requirements. The authors claimed that the needs for field trips of personnel for meter reading, manual outage reporting, and most restoration operations, especially for harsh environments that are difficult for people to access, can be easily eliminated through the employment of NB-IoT. [PERSON] et al. (2019) formalized an architecture using NB-IoT to connect all intelligent things in smart hospitals and introduce edge computing to deal with the requirement of latency in medical processes. Furthermore, the authors designed an infusion monitoring system based on infrared sensors to monitor the real-time drop rate and remaining drug volume during the intravenous infusion. [PERSON] et al. (2019) delivered a comprehensive study of NB-IoT, extensively elaborating resource allocation and energy efficiency techniques. Moreover, the proposed two novel application specific energy efficient approaches for Smart Agriculture and Smart Health. Specifically, in the first scenario, NB-IoT soil moisture sensors deployed in a farm field send data that are then processed usingdeep learning to meticulously divide the field into different zones. As for Smart Health scenario, a novel approach for adaptively distributing the transmission power required to monitor the patient is proposed, in order to perform power optimization and greatly improve the lifetime and performance of the monitoring systems.