## 5 Treatment Methods for Psoriasis
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt}} \hline \hline
**Treatment Method** & **Therapeutic Effect** & **Reference** \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Biologics} & IL-17, TNF-\(\alpha\), IL-12, IL-23 inhibitors (e.g., infliximab, izekizumab, seckuinumab, appremilast) & Significant improvement in psoriasis severity (PASI 100 response) and long-term control of symptoms, including sustained inhibition of radiographic progression in psoriatic arthritis patients. & [79; 80; 82; 91] \\  & IL-17 + TNF-\(\alpha\) combination therapy & Enhanced reduction in skin lesions and better control of systemic inflammation compared to monotherapy with either inhibitor. & [79] \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Systemic therapy} & Corticosteroid injections & Directly reduces inflammation and controls severe flare-ups, but may cause localized side effects such as atrophy. & [92] \\  & Oral therapy: acitretin, cyclosporine, methotrexate & Reduces general symptoms of psoriasis, can replace other methods that were restricted. & [81] \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Topical therapy} & Topical corticosteroids & Significant reduction in inflammation, plaque thickness, and erythema. Long-term use may lead to skin thinning and other side effects. & [93] \\  & Ointments, vitamin D analogues (e.g., calcipotriene, calcitriol) & Slows down skin cell proliferation, reduces plaque formation, and is often used in combination with corticosteroids for enhanced effect. & [84] \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Photo-therapy} & Narrowband ultraviolet B (NB-UVB) & Reduces inflammation and slows the rapid growth of skin cells. Effective in treating moderate to severe plaque psoriasis with fewer side effects compared to broadband UVB. & [85] \\  & & Effective for treating severe psoriasis, especially in cases resistant to other treatments. PUVA slows skin cell turnover and reduces scaling and inflammation. & [85] \\  & Excimer laser (Targeted UVB) & Specific targeting of psoriasis plaques with minimal off-target effects. Particularly useful for localized psoriasis, including scalp and nails. & [95] \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Cell therapy} & MSCs & MSCs have been shown to reduce inflammation and modulate immune responses in psoriasis, leading to improved skin healing, reduced symptoms, and increased damaged tissue regeneration. & [88] \\  & & AD-MSCs exhibit immunomodulatory properties, suppressing inflammatory cytokines such as IL-17 and TNF-\(\alpha\), leading to the improvement of psoriatic lesions and a reduction in disease severity. & [87] \\  & & hUC-MSCs have shown efficacy in reducing inflammation and promoting tissue repair, specifically by reducing IL-17-producing \(\gamma\)6 T cells and modulating the immune response to alleviate psoriasis symptoms. & [86] \\  & MSC-Exo & & \\  & & MSC-Exo & regeneration by modulating immune responses through decreasing proinflammatory cytokines like TNF-\(\alpha\) and IL-17. & [89] \\  & & ASC-Exo reduces psoriatic lesions and improves skin barrier function. ASC-Exo have shown efficacy in reducing hyperpigmentation and improving overall skin health. & [90] \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Other} & Changing diet manner & Choosing a specific form of balanced diet (plant-based) could help to reduce overweight in patients with psoriasis and their severity. & [79] \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Treatment methods for psoriasis. auricular acupuncture [46]. However, the success of their application in patients is subject to questions. Depending on the treatment type, patients may experience a wide range of side effects. For instance, those who receive topical medications experience minimal side effects, such as skin thinning and irritation. Phototherapy often brings about more side effects, including dry, wrinkled, and inflamed skin, with some even developing an increased risk of skin cancer. People administered biologics and oral medications experience common side effects, including muscle sorens, an upset stomach, and loss of appetite, and extending to a suppressed immune system [82] (Figure 1).