# Realizing Efficient Security and Privacy in IoT Networks
## 3 Related Works  
In a wireless network, jammers intentionally introduce radio frequency (RF) interference to distort wireless communications. This is achieved by occupying the transmitting channel and keeping it busy, thereby triggering the transmitter to withdraw each time it senses a busy wireless channel, or a tainted signal acknowledged at the receiver's end. In this section, in an attempt to understand the jamming attack on wireless networks, different kinds of jamming in wireless communications as proposed by several researchers are explored. Primarily, network jamming can occur in different ways based on the type of jammer. Therefore, different kinds of jammers and their jamming mechanisms are reviewed in this section. The established secrecy capacity rate principle by [PERSON] in [8] preceded several other theoretical proposals by different researchers. So far, the wireless channels rate of secrecy has been explored from several perspectives like in [9; 10]. The different perspectives explored are as follows, the fading channels secrecy [9; 10; 11], the analysis of Gaussian wiretap channels secrecy of [11], the multiple antenna systems secrecy [13; 14; 15], the broadcast channels secrecy [16], the analysis of secure degrees of freedom [17; 18; 19; 20; 21], and the secrecy of cooperative jamming techniques coupled with helpers or relays [22; 23; 24; 25; 26; 27; 28; 29]. Additionally, the theoretical information [30] forms guarantees defined by secrecy capacity of the communication channel; the nodes that legitimate can also assume active approaches to improve their communication secrecy. One important approach for improving the secrecy of wireless communication was developed in [31]. The approach proposes that the transmitter ([PERSON]) injects artificial noise into legitimate channels null-space together with the data signal. This scheme is intended to actively reduce the reception quality of any [PERSON]'s presence without altering the quality of legitimate receivers (Bobs) channel. Several other works [32; 33] have also investigated this approach. Equipping [PERSON] with the capacities of full-duplex radio aptitude, which enables him broadcast jamming noise counter to [PERSON], while both [PERSON] and [PERSON] attempt to acquire information from [PERSON] [34; 35] is another approach. The combination of the aforementioned two jamming approaches is investigated in most part of this study to attain secrecy at higher levels. Moreover, this combination was examined in [36], as it proposed a cooperative optimization algorithm to generate decent parameters for the transmission. Separately, two different sets of antennas are considered for broadcasting and for full-duplex reception. Meanwhile, the research did not fully consider the residual self-interference at Bob. Further, several other works were interested with comparable systems in [37; 38]. The system proposed in [39] presents a scenario with [PERSON] and [PERSON] communicating simultaneously and are furnished with full-duplex radio with full consideration of residual self-interference. The study target was to discover the maximum beamforming transmit trajectories for artificial noise and signal considering some constraints of quality of service (QoS) with Eve's CSI recognizable to users. With Eve's exact CSI unrecognizable to the user in [40], a closed-form lower bound on the ergodic rate of secrecy is realized. The authors of [41; 42] considered a case of a single-antenna Bob and multiple antenna base station coupled with a colluding and non-colluding single-antenna Eves. As an alternative to beamforming, an antenna selection scheme is used by the study and it is of the research assumption that Eves are dispersed in accordance to the process of Poisson point. For cooperative relaying networks, several authors have also investigated different techniques for the security of systems physical layers [43]. In cooperative relaying networks, even destinations or relays are used as assistants to offer jamming signals to complicate the eavesdropper's transmission.