# Effectiveness of Collagen Membrane in the Treatment of Schneiderian Membrane Perforation
## 3 Results  
One hundred and ninety cases were identified, resulting in a total of 250 lateral window sinus augmentations, of which 23 SMPs (9.2%) were noted. There were 15 cases (6%) where there was no perforation of the sinus membranes but they were weakened. Among patients with perforations, 11 sinuses (47.8%) had small-to-medium SMPs, and 12 sinuses (52.2%) had large SMPs. Demographic characteristics of each group are described in Table 1. All patients with small-to-medium perforations received simultaneous bone grafting, and 43 implants were inserted. Only one complication (periimplantitis) was observed. In patients with large perforations, one patient had received an additional sinus lift on the same operative site, while other patients were able to receive implant placement without additional bone grafting. All patients with sinus membranes that were not perforated but weakened were treated with simultaneous bone grafting after reinforcement with a CM. A total of 83 dental implants were placed in augmented sinuses with perforated or weakened sinus membranes. The overall implant survival rate was 100% for implants placed in perforated or weakened sinuses, and four periimplantitis cases (4.8%) were observed during follow-up periods (Table 2). \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Characters** & **-** & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Group 1**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Group 2**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Group 3**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Control**} \\ \hline  & & **n (\%)** & **Average \(\pm\) SD** & **n (\%)** & **Average \(\pm\) SD** & **n (\%)** & **Average \(\pm\) SD** & **n (\%)** & **Average \(\pm\) SD** \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Gender} & F & 11 (73.3) & & 4 (36.4) & & 4 (33.3) & & 18 (48.6) & \\  & M & 4 (26.7) & & 7 (63.6) & & 8 (66.7) & & 19 (51.4) & \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Age} & \textless{}65 & 13 (86.7) & 55.8 \(\pm\) & 9 (81.8) & 51.18 \(\pm\) & 8 (66.7) & 57.916 \(\pm\) & 29 (78.4) & 57.378 \(\pm\) \\  & \textgreater{}65 & 2 (13.3) & 12.946 & 2 (18.2) & 9.042 & 4 (33.3) & 14.368 & 8 (21.6) & 10.034 \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Sinus septum} & Yes & 3 (20) & & 6 (54.5) & & 5 (41.7) & & 7 (18.9) & \\  & No & 12 (80) & & 5 (45.5) & & 7 (58.3) & & 30 (81.1) & \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Residual Bone} & \textless{}4.0 & 13 (86.7) & 2.037 \(\pm\) & 10 (90.9) & 2.036 \(\pm\) & 10 (83.3) & 2.200 \(\pm\) & 29 (78.4) & 2.270 \(\pm\) \\  & Height & \textgreater{}4.0 & 2 (13.3) & 1.436 & 1 (9.1) & 1.415 & 2 (16.7) & 1.351 & 6 (22.2) & 1.441 \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Alveolar Width} & 1–2 teeth & \multirow{2}{*}{8 (53.3)} & \multirow{2}{*}{2.6 \(\pm\) 0.910} & \multirow{2}{*}{4 (36.4)} & 3.000 \(\pm\) & \multirow{2}{*}{5 (41.7)} & 2.916 \(\pm\) & \multirow{2}{*}{30 (81.1)} & 2.000 \(\pm\) \\  & gap & & 0.910 & & & & 1.083 & & 0.707 \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Alveolar Width} & \textless{}4.0 & \multirow{2}{*}{7 (46.7)} & \multirow{2}{*}{7 (63.6)} & \multirow{2}{*}{7 (58.3)} & \multirow{2}{*}{7 (18.9)} & \multirow{2}{*}{7 (18.9)} & \multirow{2}{*}{7 (18.9)} & \multirow{2}{*}{7 (18.9)} \\  & gap & & & & & & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Demographic characteristics of patients. Figure 4: Bone height measured from the crestal bone of group 3. **(A)** Pre op. **(B)** Post op. **(C)** Follow-up. On orthopantomographic images, the preoperative mean height of residual bone varied from 3.88 to 5.53 mm in all groups, but there was no significant difference between groups. In post op and follow-up time, there was a statistically significant difference between group 3 and all other groups. The bone height of group 2 was significantly lower than the control group in post op time. There was no significant difference between the groups except for group 3 in follow-up time (Tables 3 and 4). See Figure 5 and visualize Tables 3 and 4.