## 3 Case Studies and Results
### Case Study 2: Lateral Frame
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l} \hline \hline
**Component Model** & **Features** \\ \hline \hline \multicolumn{2}{c}{ID: W002} \\ \multicolumn{2}{c}{Type of feature: _Weld beam 02\_HE 180 A_ vs. _Plate 2_} \\ \multicolumn{2}{c}{Coordinates of the welded parts involved in feature in reference with origin:} \\ \(\bullet\) & HE 180 coordinates: [0;0,0]: \\ \(\bullet\) & Plates coordinates: [500;0]; [3834;0,0] \\ \multicolumn{2}{c}{Coordinates of the welding in reference with origin (only for first plate):} \\ \(\bullet\) & Welding 1: [500;0,0]: \\ \(\bullet\) & Welding 2: [50;5,0,0]: \\ \(\bullet\) & Welding 3: [500;76;90]; \\ \(\bullet\) & Welding 4: [500;\(-\)76;90]; \\ \(\bullet\) & Welding 5: [509,5,\(-\)76;90]; \\ \(\bullet\) & Welding 6: [509,5,\(-\)76;90]; \\ \multicolumn{2}{c}{Properties of the feature:} \\ \(\bullet\) & Welding thickness: 4 mm \\ \(\bullet\) & Welding length (1–6) (total): 2 \(\times\) 251,67 mm \\ \hline \multicolumn{2}{c}{ID: W003} \\ \multicolumn{2}{c}{Type of feature: _Weld beam 03\_HE 180 A_ vs. _Plate 3_} \\ \multicolumn{2}{c}{Coordinates of the welded parts involved in feature in reference with origin:} \\ \(\bullet\) & HE 180 coordinates: [0;0,0]: \\ \(\bullet\) & Plates coordinates: [1124;0,0;0]: [1374;0]: [2299;0]: [2419;0]: [2329;0]: [3459;0;0] \\ \multicolumn{2}{c}{Coordinates of the welding in reference with origin (only for first plate):} \\ \(\bullet\) & Welding 1: [1124;0,0]: \\ \(\bullet\) & Welding 2: [1130;0,0]: \\ \(\bullet\) & Welding 3: [1124;76;90]: \\ \(\bullet\) & Welding 4: [1124;\(-\)76;90]: \\ \(\bullet\) & Welding 5: [1130;\(-\)76;90]: \\ \(\bullet\) & Welding 6: [1130;\(-\)76;90]: \\ \multicolumn{2}{c}{Properties of the feature:} \\ \(\bullet\) & Welding thickness: 4 mm \\ \(\bullet\) & Welding length (total): 6 \(\times\) 521,25 mm \\ \hline \hline \multicolumn{2}{c}{ID: W004} \\ \multicolumn{2}{c}{Type of feature: _Weld beam 04\_HE180 A_ vs. _Crane eye Part 1_} \\ \multicolumn{2}{c}{Coordinates of the welded parts involved in feature in reference with origin:} \\ \(\bullet\) & HE 180 coordinates: [0;0,0]: \\ \(\bullet\) & Crane eye coordinates: [608;\(-\)85,5;23]: [652;\(-\)85,5;23] \\ \multicolumn{2}{c}{Coordinates of the welding in reference with origin:} \\ \(\bullet\) & Welding 1: [608;\(-\)85,5;23]; \\ \(\bullet\) & Welding 2: [652;\(-\)85,5;23]; \\ \multicolumn{2}{c}{Properties of the feature:} \\ \(\bullet\) & Welding thickness: 6 mm \\ \(\bullet\) & Welding length (total): 92 mm \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 6: _Cont._DFW rule are checked to the features identified in the feature recognition phase. Thus, explicit knowledge characterizing each DFW rule is checked with the feature identified in the feature recognition phase. Within the rule analysis phase, three design issues (non-validated DFW rules) were highlighted regarding the lateral frame. The non-validated rules identified within this welded assembly are different than the previous example. The first rule (W041) is a \"critical\" rule type and it refers to the use of different materials that need to be welded. Indeed, the material used for the C001 component (the HE-180-A section bar) is carbon steel, while the material used for component C005 (crane eye) is an aluminum alloy. This could be a mistake from the technical department in the selection of commercial components from the company repository. Indeed, it is well known that dissimilar materials cannot be welded. However, the use of this system is able to catch also mistakes that come from repetitive, routine work. The second non-validated rule (W043) is a \"warning\" rule type and it refers to possible distortions of the final assembly when components with different thicknesses are welded. In the original design, the component C001 (the HE-180-A section bar) and the component C004 (plate) show different thicknesses, respectively 9.5 mm vs. 6 mm.