## 4 IoT-Cloud-Based EWS  
This section will highlight the significant significance that the IoT-Cloud technology plays in EEWS. In point of fact, the application of IoT-Cloud strategies has been of assistance to EEWS before and after disasters. The IoT has revolutionized the way we interact with the physical world, and one of its most promising applications is in the detection and prediction of natural disasters such as earthquakes. The basic idea behind using IoT for earthquake detection is to deploy a network of sensors that can detect seismic activity and transmit the data to a central server for analysis. These sensors can be embedded in buildings, bridges, and other structures, as well as in the ground itself. By analyzing the data from these sensors, it is possible to detect the onset of an earthquake and predict its magnitude and location. One of the key advantages of using IoT for earthquake detection is that it allows for real-time monitoring of seismic activity. Traditional methods of earthquake detection rely on seismometers, which are expensive and require a lot of maintenance. They also typically only provide data after an earthquake has already occurred. In contrast, IoT sensors can provide continuous data in real-time, allowing for EWS to be put in place [162; 163; 164]. This can be particularly useful in areas prone to earthquakes, where early warning can save lives and reduce damage. Another advantage of using IoT for earthquake detection is that it can provide more denser data network than traditional methods. IoT sensors can be placed in a wider variety of locations, such as inside buildings or underground, allowing for a more comprehensive picture of seismic activity. They can also provide data on other factors that can affect the impact of an earthquake, such as soil conditions and building materials. This information can be used to develop better models for earthquake prediction and to design buildings and infrastructure that are more resistant to seismic activity. The use of IoT for earthquake detection has the potential to revolutionize the way we prepare for and respond to earthquakes. By providing real-time data and more comprehensive information on seismic activity, IoT sensors can improve our ability to predict earthquakes and minimize their impact. As the technology continues to develop, we can expect to see more widespread deployment of IoT sensors and more sophisticated analysis techniques, leading to even better earthquake detection and prediction capabilities. A generic EEWS architecture typically consists of three main components: the seismic network, the processing center, and the alert distribution system [165]. The seismic network comprises a set of sensors deployed across a region of interest, which detect and record seismic waves generated by earthquakes. The sensor data is transmitted to the processing center, where it is analyzed in real-time using algorithms and models to estimate the location, magnitude, and other characteristics of the earthquake [166]. The alert distribution system then disseminates the earthquake alert to end-users through various channels, such as mobile devices, sirens, and public announcements [167]. The underlying infrastructure of the EEWS includes a variety of hardware and software components, including seismometers, communication networks, computing systems, and databases [168]. The seismometers are typically deployed in a dense network to ensure high spatial resolution and coverage, and they are connected to a communication network that transmits the sensor data to the processing center [169]. The processing center comprises a set of computing systems that perform real-time data analysis, using a variety of algorithms and models to estimate the earthquake parameters [170]. The alert distribution system includes a set of communication channels and protocols that disseminate the alert to end-users, as well as a database that stores historical and real-time earthquake data [171].