# ChatGPT in Education: A Systematic Review on Opportunities, Challenges, and Future Directions
## 3 Related Works
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Ref.** & **Year** & **Methods** & **Dataset** & **Findings** & **Limitations** \\ \hline \multirow{9}{*}{[24]} & \multirow{3}{*}{2023} & \multirow{3}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} Narrative \\ review, \\ thematic \\ analysis \\ \end{tabular} } & 40 peer-reviewed empirical studies & The review identifies key factors influencing ChatGPT adoption in higher education, including hedonic motivation, usability, perceived benefits, and system responsiveness. It emphasizes the need for deeper exploration of contextual and psychological factors beyond traditional technology adoption models. \\ \hline \multirow{9}{*}{[25]} & \multirow{3}{*}{2023} & \multirow{3}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} Literature \\ review, \\ historical \\ analysis \\ \end{tabular} } & \multirow{3}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} Open AI’s \\ ChatGPT, the \\ literature on AI \\ history and uses \\ in education \\ \end{tabular} } & The paper outlines the rapid success of ChatGPT and generative AI (GAI) technologies, examining their advantages and disadvantages, particularly regarding human agency versus machine agency. It discusses strategies to avoid current problems and emphasizes how humans can maintain autonomy while using GAL The paper proposes revised “Laws of Generative Artificial Intelligence” to guide education in the GAI era. \\ \hline \multirow{9}{*}{[26]} & \multirow{3}{*}{2023} & \multirow{3}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} Slk \\ \end{tabular} } & \multirow{3}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} Multiple journal \\ databases, \\ filtered by \\ specific criteria \\ \end{tabular} } & ChatGPT has the potential to enhance both academic and librarian-related processes in higher education. However, it raises ethical concerns and challenges related to critical thinking development. The study highlights the importance of the responsible use of ChatGPT and the need for further assessment of its use in academic contexts. \\ \hline \multirow{9}{*}{[27]} & \multirow{3}{*}{2021} & \multirow{3}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} Extensive \\ literature \\ review \\ \end{tabular} } & \multirow{3}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} 67 relevant \\ studies selected \\ \end{tabular} } & \multirow{3}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} AI chatbots in education offer significant \\ benefits, such as providing homework and \\ study assistance, creating personalized \\ learning experiences, and supporting skill \\ development. Educators benefit from \\ time-saving assistance and improved \\ pedagogy. However, challenges such as concerns about reliability, accuracy, and \\ ethical issues are highlighted. \\ \hline \multirow{9}{*}{[28]} & \multirow{3}{*}{2023} & \multirow{3}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} Systematic \\ review \\ \end{tabular} } & \multirow{3}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} 53 articles from \\ recognized \\ digital \\ databases \\ \end{tabular} } & The study provides a comprehensive understanding of previous research on the use of chatbots in education. It identifies the benefits and challenges of chatbots technology, as well as future research areas for its implementation in education. \\ \hline \multirow{9}{*}{[29]} & \multirow{3}{*}{2023} & \multirow{3}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} Slk using \\ the PRISMA \\ framework \\ \end{tabular} } & \multirow{3}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} Journal articles \\ from Scopus \\ (published in \\ English in the \\ last five years) \\ \end{tabular} } & The review investigates the support chatbots provide to educational institutions and students, emphasizing their roles as teaching assistants, their capabilities, and usage recommendations. It also identifies students’ desires and challenges in chatbots use. \\ \hline \multirow{9}{*}{[30]} & \multirow{3}{*}{2023} & \multirow{3}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} Exploratory \\ study, \\ literature \\ synthesis \\ \end{tabular} } & \multirow{3}{*}{\
\begin{tabular}{c} Recent literature \\ on ChatGPT in \\ education \\ \end{tabular} } & \multirow{3}{*}{
\begin{tabular}{c} ChatGPT promotes personalized and \\ interactive learning and aids in generating \\ formative assessment prompts with \\ ongoing feedback, but also generates \\ wrong information, biases, and privacy \\ training, and privacy concerns. \\ \end{tabular} } & Potential drawbacks include ChatGPT generating wrong information, biases in data training, and privacy concerns. ChatGPT to maximize its benefits. \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}