# Health Care Accessibility Analysis Considering Behavioral Preferences for Hospital Choice
## 1 Introduction  
The word \"Accessibility\" indicates the quality of being easy to reach, enter or use. In discussions of the health care systems, it specifies a multidimensional concept which includes the meanings of affordability, acceptability, availability and spatial accessibility [1]. It is closely related to our daily life and work, and research on it has continued for a long time [2]. The accessibility of medical services is an important measure of the equity of medical care for the population, which guarantees the rights and interests of citizens. At the same time, it helps to optimize the allocation of medical resources, promotes the equitable development of medical services, and improves the overall level of medical services. Often, it is used to identify lower (or higher) access rates from some areas to others, such as in public policies for planning and providing services [3, 4]. Since health care is one of the most basic necessities needed to maintain a civilized society and a normal quality of life [5], experts have studied methods for measuring the geographical accessibility of the services and facilities in residential areas, typically such as health care services [5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]. The accessibility of health facility services has been divided into two categories: explicit accessibility, which focuses on the actual use of health services, and potential accessibility [11, 12], which emphasizes the total supply of available health resources. The geographical accessibility of urban resources has received increasing attention in urban health research, reflecting the ease with which residents of a given area can reach services and facilities [13]. Various methods to measure accessibility have been proposed, such as location-based and population-based methods [14, 15], space-based andtime-based methods [16; 17]. All these methods can be used to study the accessibility of healthcare facility services. The two-step floating catchment area (2 SFCA) approach is gaining prominence, especially for measuring the accessibility of basic health services [18; 19]. Travel impedance (distance or time), gravity models, and supply-to-population ratios have been introduced for the construction of 2 SFCA [20; 21; 22; 23; 24]. [PERSON] introduced the Gaussian distance decay function into 2 SFCA [25] and proposed the Gaussian two-step floating catchment area (Ga2 SFCA) method, which further considers that the supply capacity of the supply site decreases with increasing distance. The distance decay is also optimized by applying different weights to different travel time periods, which in turn improves the 2 SFCA [26], known as the enhanced two-step floating catchment area (E2 SFCA), and solves the uniform access problem within the catchment. Based on this, the three-step floating catchment Area (3 SFCA) was proposed, where the ratio of the spatial access index (SPAI, sum of the ratio of physician-to-population in the corresponding service sites) of a single census tract to the average SPAI of all census tracts was calculated to overcome the uncertainty problem of the E2 SFCA approach [27; 28]. To moderate the over- or underestimation of the residents' demands, a new approach was proposed to adjust the residents' demands for health care services by a selection probability based on the Huff model that reflects the effects of distance cost and service capacity and retains continuous distance weights [28]. More granular data, such as demographic data and real-time traffic data, have been used in accessibility studies [29; 30; 31], and the use of these data can effectively improve the analysis results. These previous methods have not taken into account the uncertainty of actual travel time and residents' habits in choosing hospitals to visit, which often lead to overly idealized analysis results that are far from the actual feelings of the residents.