# A Review on Standardizing Electric Vehicles Community Charging Service Operator Infrastructure
###### Abstract  
The deployment of charging infrastructure is one of the main challenges that need to be tackled due to the increasing demand for electric vehicles (EVs). Moreover, EVs associated with different charging standards can face compatibility issues while charging via public or private infrastructure. Many solutions were surveyed by researchers on EVs, but they were not focused on addressing the issue of charging infrastructure standardization. Motivated by this, we present a comprehensive survey on standardizing EV charging infrastructure. We also present a taxonomy on various aspects such as charging levels, charging modes, charging standards, charging technologies (based on the different charging types such as conductive charging and wireless charging), and types of vehicle (i.e., 2-wheeeler (2W), 3-wheeeler (3W), and 4-wheeeler (4W)). Furthermore, we target the benefits associated with community EV charging operated by the community charging service operator. Furthermore, we propose an architecture for standardized EV community charging infrastructure to provide adaptability for EVs with different charging standards. Finally, the research challenges and opportunities of the proposed survey have been discussed for efficient EV charging. electric vehicle; community charging service operator; standardized; charging standards; conductive charging; wireless charging +
Footnote †: journal: Applied Sciences  
for longer routes with easy accessibility, whereas private charging infrastructure is utilized for shorter routes. However, public charging infrastructure owned by the government can be quiet costly for consumers. To overcome the cost issues of public charging infrastructure, private charging infrastructure at a low cost might be a better option for consumers. However, it is not practically possible for consumers to deploy and install CS infrastructure at their home or private garage. Additionally, charging EVs using private charging infrastructure can take several hours due to low electricity voltages at homes/garages [9; 10; 11]. As per the literature, numerous surveys focusing on public and private charging infrastructure have been reviewed to deal with the cost, charging time, and infrastructure deployment issues to ensure charging is beneficial and efficient for consumers [12; 13; 14; 15]. In relation to EV charging, the authors in [16] conducted an exhaustive survey on consumer preferences for EV charging infrastructure. They also provided an overview of charging modes, charging levels, charging price, charging management, interoperability, and the number of required charging points. [PERSON] et al. [17] presented a survey on the need for charging infrastructure across different countries. They reviewed the nation-wise benefits of public and private charging infrastructures and their demands. [PERSON] et al. [12] studied the approaches for EV charging demand management. They mainly focused on infrastructure planning with siting, sizing, and co-planning of charging infrastructures. The authors in [18] also presented a survey on the siting and sizing of charging infrastructure and the optimal placement of CS based on the optimization algorithms. Then, based on communication technologies, [PERSON] et al. [19] reviewed EV charging management and coordination; they extended the survey in [12] in which they discuss the communication requirements and technologies for EV charging infrastructure. [PERSON] et al. [20] conducted a comprehensive survey on designing fast CSs to address the challenges and issues arising in the EV charging time for social welfare. Existing surveys provide insights on charging time, infrastructure installation, and charging cost-related challenges while deploying the EV charging infrastructure. However, most researchers focus on the isolated aspects while ignoring discussions on various charging standards, charging modes/levels, and the standardization of charging infrastructure for compatible EV charging.