## 6 Conceptual Framework
BIM provides workers with more intuitive information about the installation of components, which helps to improve the workers' operation skills and work efficiency [67]. Meanwhile, the 3D modeling function of BIM helps to better plan the construction site and optimize the use of materials and human resources. Such optimization improves the smoothness of site operations and reduces conflicts between materials and personnel,  
Figure 3: The conceptual framework for BIM and prefabricated building supply chain resilience. Note: The blue color highlights the influencing factors that are related to BIM use. thus improving overall site management [68]. This is essential to keep the supply chain functioning properly. BIM and collaboration. BIM applications provide an efficient and trustworthy communication channel between the participants of a prefabricated building project, which has a facilitating effect on the collaborative relationship between the project participants [18,69]. By sharing models and data, participants can work more closely together in planning and decision making [70]. BIM should be deployed beyond the design and construction phases of a project, and effective collaboration in BIM can lead to more efficient buildings and better management. As a result, BIM presents some important changes in the traditional build and delivery process [71]. This technology can integrate the needs of stakeholders in a project, work together to solve problems, and ultimately promote greater efficiency and cooperation between participants [72]. BIM and information sharing: The application of BIM in prefabricated building supply chain information management has changed the phenomenon of \"information islands\" caused by backward information sharing, scattered information storage, and serious information loss. BIM provides a collaborative platform for storing, transmitting, and sharing information and runs through the whole process of the building supply chain [73]. Each participant provides data that can be compatible based on a unified interaction platform, making the information flow smoother [67]. BIM provides highly transparent information, allowing real-time access, reducing information asymmetry, and enhancing the visualization of supply chain status [74]. BIM facilitates the exchange and sharing of information among various participants, which plays an important role in speeding up the decision-making process for managers [75]. BIM and coordination: BIM can improve coordination in the organization of prefabricated building projects [76]. The relative fragmentation of the various segments and processes in the prefabricated building supply chain hinders the effective integration of materials, components, and on-site services [77]. BIM communication is seen as central to enhance operational planning through visualization and virtual modeling [78]. This motivates participating entities to utilize BIM to coordinate with each other to ensure the proper functioning of the supply chain. BIM and trust: BIM-based management is beneficial for building trusting relationships among project participants, thus enhancing the integration efficiency of the project [79]. BIM enables project participants to interact with resources on the same digital platform. All parties can access and understand comprehensive information about the project on the same platform, which helps to build consensus among the participants, reduces disputes that may arise from information asymmetry, and maintains the trust relationship among the participants in the supply chain [18]. When organizations in a supply chain trust each other, they can help each other in times of need, increasing the resilience of the supply chain. To sum up, the conceptual framework provides an integrated view to link BIM use and supply chain resilience, establishing the relationship between the impact of BIM technology on prefabricated building supply chain resilience.