# Real-Time, Content-Based Communication Load Reduction in the Internet of Multimedia Things
## 4 Results
### Evaluation Parameters
#### 4.2.1 Data Sent  
The amounts of data sent computed in kB for the test video sequences are shown in the graphs of Figure 7. The first 200 hundred frames were chosen to compare the results, that is, between the proposed method, plotted in yellow, and that of sending all frame data (plotted in blue). The x-axes in the graphs of Figure 7 indexes the video frame number and the y-axes show the amount of data sent in kB. For ease of representation sample frames are plotted. Thus, starting from frame 1 every seventh frame's data point is plotted. All the frames in both scenarios are JPEG encoded before transmission. Thus, these results are computed for the encoded buffer created when images are compressed. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c l} \hline \hline
**Video Sequence** & **Frame No.** & **Size of Extracted ROM** & **Size of Buffer (JPEG Encoded Region)** \\ \hline Walk\_384 \(\times\) 288 & 28 & 267 \(\times\) 286 \(\times\) 3 & 31,596 \(\times\) 1 \\ Ground\_1280 \(\times\) 720 & 185 & 1127 \(\times\) 497 \(\times\) 3 & 150,475 \(\times\) 1 \\ Exercise\_352 \(\times\) 240 & 7 & 11 \(\times\) 35 \(\times\) 3 & 1222 \(\times\) 1 \\ Duval Street\_946 \(\times\) 360 & 90 & 815 \(\times\) 360 \(\times\) 3 & 65,689 \(\times\) 1 \\ Football\_352 \(\times\) 288 & 233 & 309 \(\times\) 257 \(\times\) 3 & 35,876 \(\times\) 1 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Comparison between the sizes of the extracted Region of Motion and the consequent encoded buffer (in bytes). Figure 6: ROM identification in tested video sequences given in **(A–E)**: video sequences: with (a) Original frame from the video sequence, (b) Identification of a ROM, (c) Cropped image of a ROM. By studying the graph in Figure 7a, Walk, a noticeable cyclical pattern can be seen in the graph. For consecutive sample frames of video, blue markers are plotted lower than the previous one, but again after a few sample frames a blue marker can be seen at a higher value, showing that consecutive sample frames are almost the same for most of the video unless an abrupt change is detected as motion. The same pattern follows for the rest of this particular video sample. The ROM area is comparatively large, limiting the gains from the proposed method. The minimum and maximum data sent for the proposed method were \(\approx\)0.003 kB and \(\approx\)39.66 kB. On the contrary, for JPEG encoded complete frames data sent was \(\approx\)33.98 kB at a minimum and \(\approx\)39.66 kB at a maximum. Clearly, overall, less data were sent with the proposed method. Figure 7b shows a plot for the second video, Ground, which illustrates that periodically, the amount of data reaches a maximum value (for both compared methods). This happens when a single byte, signifying an empty frame, is sent consecutively 11 times when no significant change occurs. On receiving an empty byte, the receiver repeats the display of the previous frame. Therefore, to avoid a still video, a way is opted for that involves sending a full frame every 12 th occurrence of an empty byte. Figure 7b shows peaks mostly at regular intervals because, for this test video, the difference between each two consecutive frames is found to be less than the threshold most of the time (though not for the example of Figure 6). The proposed method reached its highest peak at \(\approx\)224.91 kB and a minimum value at \(\approx\)0.003 kB. On the other hand, byte size values are almost always consistently higher for the complete frames method. Similarly, Figure 7c, for Exercise, is another illustration of how the amount of data transmitted is controlled and reduced for a video. This plot shows varying values for the data transmitted after applying the proposed method, which can be easily  
Figure 7: Comparison between the Proposed Method and All Frames in terms of data sent in kB against the first 200 frames of (**a**) Walk (**b**) Ground (**c**) Exercise (**d**) Duval Street (**e**) Football. distinguished from the method when full frames are always sent.