## 6 Comparison of the Developed Viscous Plane Damper with Other Damper Devices  
In this section, an attempt has been made to compare the performance of the developed viscous plane damper with some of the conventional vibration-damping devices that are reported in the literature. Therefore, a few different types of damper devices, including viscous dampers [37; 38], fluid viscous dampers [22; 39], rubber bracing damper systems [23], and Volumetric Compression Restrainers [40] were considered, and their performance was compared in terms of damping force and effective damping stiffness. Also, the required space for the installation of various damping devices was compared to highlight the advantage of the proposed viscous plane damper device for implementation in very limited space. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Movement of Piston**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Diameter (mm)**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Difference (\%)**} \\ \cline{2-3} \cline{5-5}  & **2** & & **1** \\ \cline{2-3} \cline{5-5}  & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**Force (kN)**} \\ \hline
10 & 21.05 & 30.47 & 44.75 \\ \hline
20 & 87.69 & 104.83 & 19.55 \\ \hline
30 & 104.50 & 166.53 & 59.36 \\ \hline
40 & 112.92 & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 7: Load produced on Configuration C.  
Figure 27: (a) Damping ratio for Configuration B, (b) damping ration for Configuration C.  
The comparison results are presented in Table 8 and indicate that the newly developed viscous plane damper demonstrates significant advantages in both space efficiency and performance when compared to other damping systems. Traditional dampers, such as fluid viscous dampers and rubber bracing damper systems, require substantially more installation space. For example, the fluid viscous damper [24] occupies a space of 1.90 m\({}^{2}\), and the rubber bracing damper system [34] needs as much as 5.12 m\({}^{2}\). In contrast, the viscous plane damper requires only 0.045 m\({}^{2}\) of space--over 97% smaller than the fluid viscous damper and 99% smaller than the rubber bracing damper system. This makes the viscous plane damper particularly well-suited for installation in confined spaces, such as structural gaps or joints, where larger devices are impractical. When it comes to performance, the viscous plane damper's compact size does not compromise its effectiveness. It produces a damping force of 184 kN, which is 63% of the force generated by a conventional fluid viscous damper (300 kN). Although slightly lower, this is still a highly efficient output, considering its much smaller size. Additionally, the viscous plane damper has an effective damping capacity of 4090 N.s/mm, which is 85% higher than the fluid viscous damper's effective damping of 2203 N.s/mm, demonstrating its ability to dissipate significant amounts of energy despite its reduced size. The effective stiffness of the viscous plane damper is 5000 N/mm, representing a 50% increase over the fluid viscous damper's stiffness of 3333 N/mm. In summary, the viscous plane damper offers exceptional space-saving benefits with a 96-99% reduction in required space compared to traditional dampers while still delivering comparable and, in some cases, superior performance in terms of damping force and energy dissipation. These attributes make it an ideal choice for structures with space constraints without sacrificing structural protection and vibration control. This device is specifically designed for gaps within structures that have limited space, where it is impractical to use conventional viscous dampers as diagonal members or bracing systems. These include gaps between two structures, joints in adjacent buildings, or within jetty platforms. The design has been optimized through experimental testing on a prototype of the viscous plane damper using various orifice numbers and diameters to achieve optimal performance. Since the device relies on viscous material for energy dissipation, its functionality and the generated damping force are velocity-dependent.