## 3 Methods
### Case Study Description  
The FB urban renewal precinct was selected as the case study for the demonstration of the approach that was developed in this study and is described in this section. FB is a district within the City of Melbourne and the City of Port Phillip, which is located near Melbourne's Central Business District (CBD). FB was traditionally dominated by low-scale industrial and warehousing buildings but is now Australia's largest urban renewal project and covers approximately 480 hectares, which is more than twice the size of Melbourne's current CBD [53]. By 2050, FB is expected to house 80,000 residents and host 80,000 jobs, distributed across five linked precincts: Montague, Lorimer, Sandridge, Wirraway and the employment precinct. Whereas the former four precincts are destined for medium- to high-density mixed-use commercial and residential development, it is planned for the \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Bottom Line** & **Inputs** & **Outputs** & **Assumptions/Limitations** \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{Economic} & & & An assumption was made that capital costs were a one-off and that installed technologies do not require replacement before \\  & & Annual maintenance costs (AUD/kW/year): the O\&M costs divided by the capacity of the technology (kW) & Net cash, though not assessed as an indicator, takes the factor mentioned above into account, based on the input of an estimated lifecycle of the technology; it also incorporates input costs and profits from the generated electricity for a wholistic value \\ \cline{2-3}  & & & Limitation of accuracy: any cost inputs were not adjusted for inflation, particularly for projects proposed in the future \\ \hline \hline \multirow{6}{*}{Environment} & Capacity of technology energy savings (kW) & Embodied carbon (kgCO\({}_{2}\)e/kWh) & For cases where energy savings were measured, an assumption was made that average apartment households of today are representative of those in the future \\  & Capacity factor (\%): the percentage of the theoretical installed capacity (rated capacity) multiplied such that the average capacity is obtained & EHOG (kgCO\({}_{2}\)e/kWh): & For energy efficiency technologies, only the effects of installing wall/ceiling insulation and the resulting energy savings in heating and cooling were studied \\  & GHG emissions of technology per kWh (kgCO\({}_{2}\)e/kWh): the amount of GHG emissions based on current average for Australia, used as reference for comparison & & There was a limitation in the measurement of social acceptability as it is an objective indicator that was used for the purpose of comparison between specified technologies \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: The 3 BL inputs, outputs and assumption/limitations. latter to become a National Employment and Innovation Cluster (NEIC) that can host up to 40,000 jobs in the design, engineering and manufacturing sectors. The Victorian State Government has launched the FB Framework [53], which sets out the long-term strategic plan for the development of FB up to 2050. The following eight sustainability goals have been set for FB:  
* A connected and liveable community;
* A prosperous community;
* An inclusive and healthy community;
* A climate resilient community;
* A water sensitive community;
* A biodiverse community;
* A low-carbon community;
* A low-waste community. Each of these goals unfolds into several objectives for FB's development, totalling 43 objectives, from which the following stand out as relevant for this EMP:  
* Achieve net-zero GHG emissions by 2050 (Note 1);
* Maximise renewable energy generation, storage and distribution;
* Requirement for all new buildings to meet a minimum Green Star--Design & As Built (or equivalent) rating standard of five stars for buildings over 5000 m\({}^{2}\) and four stars for smaller buildings (Note 2);
* Be a climate resilient community, with engineered resilience to changing climate events, such as heatwaves, storms and sea level rise;
* Facilitate job growth, hosting 80,000 jobs by 2050.