## 4 Discussion
### Model Applicability Analysis  
The analysis of the model's applicability is an analysis to determine whether the efficiency measurement model of the commercialization of higher education research results can be applied to a real system or not. Based on data processing carried out in measuring the efficiency of TTO commercialization performance at ITB, the model was developed by the characterization of the case study used. The model also tested for reliability and validity, and the results obtained show that the developed model is valid and reliable. The developed model has also revealed in more detail the influence of process inputs and outputs. The results obtained are the relative efficiency values of each incubation process in TTO and their detailed descriptions. The developed model has also been able to integrate the concept approach to the performance of technology commercialization by simultaneously considering multiple inputs and one output in a single unit based on the DMU so that the model can be used as an alternative for selecting commercialization performance policies and predicting how to accelerate commercialization in universities. Whereas the DEA model for measuring the efficiency of TTO performance in the incubation process has been  
Figure 6: Analysis of DMU Z efficiency value. successfully formed, this measurement framework can be used to evaluate the performance of a TTO to accelerate the commercialization of research results in universities. Proposed TTO Performance Strategy Recommendations in Accelerating Commercialization Technology in Universities  
The proposed TTO performance strategy recommendations in accelerating the commercialization of higher education research results are analyzed based on the stages of the incubation process. At the pre-incubation process stage, in accelerating prospective tenants to become tenants, the focus is on two main priorities, namely, product-prototyping programs and business ideas and processes. These two things become important in the incubation process stage to produce a tenant and produce mature business ideas, and the resulting product has a TRL of \(\geq\)7. Then, in the incubation stage, accelerating tenant graduates and being ready to build a business and products/services that have been accepted in the market are paramount and accomplished by focusing on three main priorities, namely, the tenant and team formation program, coaching and mentoring program, and investment design. These three features are important to accelerate the commercialization of research results to achieve minimal time to market and minimum investment costs. The next stage is the post-incubation stage. The post-incubation stage in accelerating tenant graduates to establish a startup/Technology-Based Startup Company (PPBT) focuses on three main priorities, namely, product/service sales, technology accessibility, capital and market, and further business development training. The final output of a post-incubation process is mass production readiness and business acceleration. The readiness for mass production is related to the readiness of funding (investment costs) and business acceleration related to the time to market. In the end, this incubation process is a process to accelerate the commercialization of research results by accelerating time to market and minimizing investment costs. This research is a continuation of research conducted by [35], where the results obtained are recommendations for the commercialization strategy of higher education research results. The development of this research is added to the final goal of accelerating the commercialization of research results measured in the incubation process. This explains that there is a deepening of problem solutions to achieve a more specific final goal. There are no previous studies that have specifically discussed the development of this measuring instrument model. Additionally, in general, this measuring tool can be used to measure the efficiency level of TTO performance at other universities with prior adjustments.