## 1 Introduction
investigated the correlation between PGV and intensity; however, they used peak ground acceleration (PGA) in association with PGV to derive a correlation to intensity. This correlation is used when making earthquake maps [39]. [PERSON] and [PERSON] created a new correlation to map earthquakes in eastern North America. They found the equation used by [PERSON] et al. to be incompatible with the application of their study. This occurred as a result of different ground motion properties, where the frequency is much higher in stablecontinental regions such as eastern North America. As such, they modified the equation to use PGV to estimate high and low intensities [34; 39]. [PERSON] et al. (2005) then used the equations created by [PERSON] and [PERSON] as well as [PERSON] et al. to investigate a similar case [40]. The current design methods employed for seismic activities allow structures to undergo plastic deformation during large earthquakes while remaining elastic during small and medium earthquakes. The design of a structural damper must generally fulfil requirements for both wind and earthquake actions [2; 41; 42; 43; 44]. However, the calculations behind designing for the effects of wind forces and earthquakes differ. For instance, structural designs for wind loads use force as a consistent basis as the pressure on the exposed surface area tends to hit a building directly. This is called force-type loading. In structural designs for earthquake loads, building structures are more likely to experience random movements and vibrations from the ground floor. This causes an inertial force within the building and results in stress. This is called displacement-type loading [45; 46; 47; 48]. Another way of expressing this difference is through the load-deformation curve of the building; i.e., the demand on a building is the type of force imposed by the displacement-type wind pressure imposed by random earthquake shocks. Another distinguishing feature between force-type loading and displacement-type loading is the load-deformation curve of a building. The demand on a building structure is the type of force imposed by the pressure displacement-type loading due to random shocks [44]. Shakes from an earthquake are time-variant and have very random waves and accelerations. On the other hand, most of the designs represent the inertial force due to the earthquake as a definite effect of random vibrations [2; 49; 50]. The ground motion that occurs during the earthquake process is cyclic to the neutral position of the structure. Therefore, in a seismic action, there are many complete references and the time duration of the earthquake tends to be small, thereby causing stress on the building [45; 49]. Several studies on the statistical equations of seismicity have been carried out without separating the use of ground motion data sets in terms of distances to the nearest fault line [51; 52; 53; 54; 55]. The engineering field has extensively investigated and developed algorithms and control systems. In this case, they are algorithms and control systems for mitigating natural disasters, particularly earthquakes [54; 55; 56]. Over the last few decades, the field of structural engineering has extensively investigated the development of smart structure technologies for structural seismic response controls. This is because smart structures are considered to be effective at handling earthquakes. Rather than rebuilding a structure, some studies have used a large number of innovative devices and systems to protect buildings from earthquakes [56]. However, as earthquakes have several kinds of waves, they may still damage a building. Therefore, several technological devices, such as friction dampers (FDs), tuned mass dampers (TMDs), and viscous dampers (VDs), that purport to adapt to seismic activity are considered capable of adequately handling earthquakes. Recently, smart materials, such as shape memory alloys and magnetorheological (MR) fluids, have been combined with devices to absorb seismic energy.