## 3 Traditional Calculations
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c} \hline \hline
**Material** & **Coefficient \(k\), W/(m\(\cdot\)K)** \\ \hline concrete & 1.70 \\ concrete overlay & 1.00 \\ foam concrete & 0.14 \\ expanded clay concrete & 0.90 \\ steel reinforcement & 58 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 7: Calculation values of conductivity coefficients adopted for individual materials occurring in the analyzed ceilings. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Parameter** & **Unit** & **Teriva Panel 160** & **Teriva Panel 180** & **Teriva Panel 200** \\ \hline resistance \(R_{T}\) & (m\({}^{2}\)\(\cdot\)K)/W & 0.190 & 0.209 & 0.227 \\ resistance \(R_{U}\) flow upwards & (m\({}^{2}\)\(\cdot\)K)/W & 0.390 & 0.409 & 0.427 \\ resistance \(R_{U}\) flow downwards & (m\({}^{2}\)\(\cdot\)K)/W & 0.530 & 0.549 & 0.567 \\ coefficient \(U\) flow upwards & W/(m\({}^{2}\)\(\cdot\)K) & 2.564 & 2.445 & 2.342 \\ coefficient \(U\) flow downwards & W/(m\({}^{2}\)\(\cdot\)K) & 1.887 & 1.821 & 1.764 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 8: Values of thermal parameters of various Teriva Panel ceiling variants. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Parameter** & **Unit** & **Smart** & **Teriva Base** & **Teriva Plus** & **Teriva Termo** \\ \hline resistance \(R_{T}\) & (m\({}^{2}\)\(\cdot\)K)/W & 0.119 & 0.280 & 0.370 & 0.534 \\ resistance \(R_{U}\) flow upwards & (m\({}^{2}\)\(\cdot\)K)/W & 0.319 & 0.480 & 0.570 & 0.734 \\ resistance \(R_{U}\) flow downwards & (m\({}^{2}\)\(\cdot\)K)/W & 0.459 & 0.620 & 0.710 & 0.874 \\ coefficient \(U\) flow upwards & W/(m\({}^{2}\)\(\cdot\)K) & 3.205 & 2.083 & 1.754 & 1.362 \\ coefficient \(U\) flow downwards & W/(m\({}^{2}\)\(\cdot\)K) & 2.179 & 1.613 & 1.408 & 1.144 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 9: Values of thermal parameters of the Smart and Teriva ceilings: Base, Plus and Termo. where \(R_{x}\)--heat transfer resistance of the analyzed ceiling, \(R_{0}\)--heat transfer resistance of the Smart ceiling. The results of calculations of the parameter \(\delta R\) obtained for both directions of the heat flow are summarized in Table 10. As can be seen, the higher value of the surplus occurs at the upward heat flow. This result should be explained by the relatively large proportion of air convection in free spaces of the Smart panel, which reduces its insulation. In the case of the downward heat flow, the phenomenon of convection in the air chambers does not take place. In this situation, the resistance to heat transfer of this ceiling is much higher. For the downward flow of heat, the percentage surplus for individual ceilings is between 15% (Teriva Panel 160) and 90% (Teriva Termo). This means that the Teriva Termo ceiling has almost twice the thermal insulation compared to the Smart ceiling. For the upward flow, this parameter in turn varies from 25% to 131%. Larger values in this case are caused by a greater effect of convection on the thermal resistance of the Smart ceiling. Building partitions, including ceilings, which are elements of the outer casing or elements separating rooms with different microclimatic parameters, must meet specific requirements for thermal insulation. The relevant regulation [12] is required to do so. According to this document, the values of the heat transfer coefficient of walls, ceilings and roofs cannot be higher than the \(U_{max}\) value. For residential, collective housing and public buildings, the requirements for ceilings are as follows:  
* ceilings under unheated attics or over passages when the internal temperature of the rooms is higher than 16 \({}^{\circ}\)C \(U_{max}\) = 0.25 W/(m\({}^{2}\cdot\)K),
* ceilings under unheated attics or over passages when the internal temperature of the rooms is less than or equal to 16 \({}^{\circ}\)C \(U_{max}\) = 0.50 W/(m\({}^{2}\cdot\)K),
* ceilings over unheated basements and closed floor spaces \(U_{max}\) = 0.45 W/(m\({}^{2}\cdot\)K). As can be see, all analyzed ceilings without an additional insulating layer do not meet the requirements.