## 3 Results and Discussion
### Antioxidant Activity  
Peroxide value (PV) is widely accepted as a parameter to determine the primary lipid oxidation, indicating the amount of peroxides formed in fats and oils throughout oxidation [29]. PV evolution of the samples treated with NEO, BHA, and BHT recorded during 24 days of the storage period is presented in Figure 1a. The experimental data are not normally distributed (\(p<\alpha=0.05\)), according to the Shapiro-Wilcoxon test. Consequently, three different non-parametrical tests, Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis, and Friedman tests, were run to observed differences that can be considered statistically significant. The Kruskal-Wallis test was performed to observe the statistical differences between tested samples during 24 days of the storage period. After the initial day, extremely significant differences between the mean values of the tested samples were observed. Thus, the Mann-Whitney test performed at each storage period in this interval (from day 4 to 16) reveals significantly different PVs (\(p<0.001\)) between the samples treated with NEO and those treated with the antioxidants BHA and BHT. During the storage period of 24 days, the PV of the sample treated with NEO increased from 1.89 meq/kg to 10.32 meq/kg, smaller than the sample containing BHT, except for days 20 and 24, with statistically significant differences after day sixteen (\(p<0.05\)). For BHA, the same tendency was recorded, with insignificant differences (\(p=0.136>0.05\)) for day zero, extremely significant differences (\(p<0.001\)) for days 4 to 16, and significant differences (\(p<0.05\)) after this time point. [PERSON]'s test reveals extremely significant differences between the mean values of our data in all tested moments (\(p<0.001\)). Peroxides, primary products of lipid oxidation, play a central role in lipid auto-oxidation by their decomposition into carbonyls and other compounds that may catalyze further oxidation [15]. One of the most important products of peroxide decomposition is malondialdehydehyde (MDA), which reacts with thiobarbituric acid (TBA) at low pH and high temperature and produces a pink fluorescent MDA-TBA complex with an absorption maximum between 530 and 540 nm [30]. TBA values are widely accepted as an indicator for assessing the degree of secondary lipid oxidation [31]. The evolution of TBA values of the samples treated with NEO, BHA, and BHT recorded during 24 days of the storage period is presented in Figure 1b. The data distribution tested by Shapiro-Wilcoxon does not reveal a normal distribution (\(p<\alpha=0.05\)), which suggests the usage of non-parametrical tests, Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis, and Friedman tests to observed differences that can be considered statistically significant. Kruskal-Wallis test was run for each time point and showed significant differences (\(p<0.05\)) for day zero and extremely significant differences (\(p<0.001\)) in the other six moments. The Mann-Whitney test was performed at each time point of the storage period to compare the TBA values of the samples treated with NEO and BHA, respectively, as well as BHT. During the storage period of 24 days, TBA values ranged from 2.70 to 15.01 malonaldehyde equivalents/kg for the sample treated with NEO, which is significantly smaller (\(p<0.001\)) than the samples containing BHA from day 8 to day 12. However, the TBA values for the BHT sample are significantly (\(p<0.001\)) better after day 4. [PERSON]'s test was performed with significant differences (\(p<0.001\)) in data dynamics for all-time points of storage period and for all samples. The antioxidant activity in the DPPH test is due either to the hydrogen-donating ability or the radical scavenging activity of the analyzed compound. The NEO exhibited strong activity to reduce the stable radical DPPH into yellow-colored diphenylcylhydrazarine, with an IC50 value of 0.032 \(\pm\) 0.005 mg/mL (Table 2).