# Evaluation of Subway Emergency Evacuation Based on Combined Theoretical and Simulation Methods
## 3 Methodology
### Modeling of Internal Subway Space  
The internal configuration of Wulukou station is illustrated in Figures 2-4. The station features two platforms and a concourse, along with seven exits. The arrangement of the two platforms is approximately cross-shaped, ultimately leading to a public concourse located at the underground level. Notably, Exit #7 has a width of 5.3 m, while the other six exits each measure 5.6 m in width. As depicted in Figure 2, the station hall contains four sets of staircases that share identical specifications and dimensions. Each set includes one ascending and one descending elevator on either side, with dimensions of 11.52 m by 2.1 m. Furthermore, a central escalator measuring 8.8 m by 1.9 m is also present. The concourse is equipped with multiple fare gates which delineate the paid and unpaid areas. This study does not extend to an examination of the equipment areas. Figure 1: Surrounding environment map of Wulukou station. Figure 2: Concourse layout structure of Wulukou subway station. Regarding the structural characteristics of Wulukou metro station, the platform configuration is characterized by a three-level island platform design. The station experiences fluctuations in passenger flow, with distinct peak and off-peak periods; detailed passenger flow rates will be discussed in the subsequent section. The station's smoke control and exhaust systems adhere to established regulatory standards. It is important to note that this simulation does not account for variations between the station's platforms and concourse. As illustrated in Figure 3, the platform for Line #4 is designated as a rectangular area measuring 161.56 m by 14.0 m. Similarly, Figure 4 depicts the platform for Line #1 as a rectangular area measuring 113.21 m by 13.552 m, with the total area of the main building amounting to 10,048.70 square meters. The total architectural footprint of the station is 14,714.93 square meters; however, after excluding non-functional passage areas such as stairs and escalators, the effective evacuation area available for personnel within the station is 2261.84 square meters. The evacuation facilities at this station adhere to the applicable design specifications. Notably, the connection between the platform and the concourse features two symmetrical staircases, each equipped with a 2.1 m wide escalator and a 1.9 m wide pedestrian staircase, as illustrated in Figure 2. In emergency situations, to mitigate the risk of secondary injuries, the escalators are generally rendered inactive. During such instances, their evacuation capacity is comparable to that of standard pedestrian staircases, allowing them to be regarded as conventional staircases for the purposes of analysis. Given that elevators typically become non-operational during emergency situations, they have been excluded from the model. The station features a total of seven entrances and exits, designated as A, B, C, D, E, F, and G, as illustrated in Figure 2. The widths of these exits are uniformly set at 5.6 m for six of them, while one exit is slightly narrower at 5.3 m. In conjunction with these exits, two sets of security inspection equipment for entry and exit have been implemented. The station is equipped with two ticket counters and eight automatic ticket machines, with plans to expand this number to twelve in a future development phase. Additionally, there is one automatic ticket-checking machine currently in operation, with a total of eight entry ticket-checking machines planned for construction, which will increase to ten as new lines are introduced. Furthermore, the station has eight exit ticket-checking machines, with the intention to expand this number to fifteen during the subsequent expansion phase in anticipation of emergency evacuations during periods of high passenger volume. The station includes two standard bidirectional gates. In scenarios involving emergency evacuations during periods of high passenger traffic, the gate passages will be configured to remain unobstructed.