# Secure Monitoring System for IoT Healthcare Data in the Cloud
## 4 Technological Challenges in Microbiology  
Previous works [14; 15; 16; 17] have demonstrated that the rapid development of wired and mobile networks has resulted in a rapid growth in data. Therefore, managing, analyzing, and transferring these kinds of data presents us with significant hurdles. These challenges regarding the vast amount of data are related to their representation, expendability, existing redundancy, quality and variety, storage, knowledge exported from them, the management of their life cycle, energy management, heterogeneity, speed and accuracy, security and privacy, confidentiality, the generation or development of tools, methods, and algorithms for analysis, and the overall performance of them [18]. The most recent research shows that there are \"gaps\" in the way that such data are managed, analyzed, and transported at various levels, as well as issues that arise from their use. As a result, it is necessary to optimize them by applying new techniques and algorithms [16]. Moreover, state mechanisms of many countries, mainly the ones of third countries, are not ready to apply cutting-edge technologies to their population. Technological Challenges in Microbiology Addressed by IoTIoTIoTInternet of Thingsand associated technologies can be very helpful in addressing several technological issues in the microbiology sector. The study of microorganisms, such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and other tiny organisms, is known as microbiology [9; 12; 19]. The IoT can assist in overcoming the following technological issues in microbiology [11; 13]:  
Real-time monitoring of microbial growthTraditional techniques for keeping track of microbial development in cultures can be labor-intensive and time-consuming. Researchers can remotely monitor and control environmental conditions thanks to the ability of IoT-enabled sensors to offer real-time data on variables like temperature, pH, and oxygen levels. Remote data collection from field samplesIt can be logistically difficult to gather field samples for microbiological investigation and transfer them to the lab. Researchers may track microbial activity on-site using IoT-based remote sensing devices to collect data from varied environments and communicate it instantaneously to labs. Data-intensive microbiome analysisMicrobiome analysis, which examines microbial communities and their interactions throughout various ecosystems, produces significant data. High-throughput sequencing technology and IoT-based sensors can speed up data gathering and processing, which will improve our understanding of complex microbiomes. Early detection of infectious diseasesFor the sake of public health, rapid and early detection of infectious diseases is essential. IoT devices can identify specific microbiological indicators, facilitating quicker diagnosis and intervention. Examples include wearable biosensors and point-of-care diagnostic tools. Environmental monitoring for outbreaksIt might be difficult to monitor environmental conditions that cause illness epidemics, like air pollution and water quality. In order to identify potential outbreak hazards, the IoT sensors may continuously monitor these elements and give real-time data. Laboratory automation and efficiencyMicrobiology laboratory processes can be labor and time-intensive. Lab automation and IoT-connected hardware can automate sample processing, data collection, and analysis, increasing accuracy and efficiency. Remote collaboration and data sharingThe requirement for physical presence in the lab can make it difficult for researchers to work together on microbiology projects in various places. The IoT technologies make it possible for researchers to access and exchange data online, facilitating remote collaboration securely. Patient monitoring and managementIn medical microbiology, it is important to keep an eye on individuals who have infections.