## 2 Related Works  
This section discusses some of the existing works related to the concepts of electromagnetic interference (EMI) reduction with different types of DC-DC converter topologies. Also, it investigates the advantages and disadvantages of each work based on its operating steps and functionalities. [PERSON], et al. [18] utilized a deterministic random modulation technique for reducing the EMI with the help of two identical DC-DC converter topologies. The main intention of this work was to analyze the comprehend behavior of low-frequency signals based on the knowledge of DetM and RanM. Moreover, the EMI highly depends on the interferences of the sources, testing components, and measurement models. Also, the short-term Fourier transform (STFT) technique was deployed along with the Hamming window for suppressing the switching noise contents. [PERSON], et al. [19] suggested a periodic dithering technique with an interleaved DC-DC converter topology for efficiently reducing the EMI. The key factor of using this technique was to maintain the switching frequency at a constant level with respect to the amplitude of the modulated signal. Moreover, different types of parameters, such as bandwidth, sweep, and contrast, have been estimated for generating the switching pulses. The advantages of this work were simple to design topology and a reduced current spectrum. [PERSON], et al. [20] employed a T-type isolated bidirectional DC-DC converter topology for reducing the noisy contents with increased efficiency. Typically, the high-frequency switching activities could generate the EMI, which degrades the performance of the circuit with increased errors. Moreover, various techniques have been developed in the existing works for reducing the EMI, in which the random and modulated PWM techniques were more suitable for EMI reduction. In this work, the T-type switch has been modeled by considering the gain parameters of input voltage, output power level, reliability, and cost. [PERSON], et al. [21] conducted a review on various methodologies used for reducing the EMI, which includes the following: Random modulation,  
* EMI filtering;
* EMI shielding;
* chaotic PWM controlling;
* soft switching. This work stated that the random modulation was one of the most suitable techniques used for suppressing the EMI, in which the switching frequency could vary with respect to the given random signal. In this model, the PWM technique was mainly utilized to generate the switching pulses according to the switching activities of DC-DC converter. Moreover, the other EMI reduction techniques are limited by the major problems of increased cost consumption, high complexity in design, and requiring some high-speed digital processors. [PERSON], et al. [22] suggested a new EMI filtering technique for suppressing the EMI content, where the impedance analyzed was used to estimate the accurate impedance value of testing components. [PERSON], et al. [23] suggested a DC-DC buck converter topology for avoiding the switching losses and suppressing the EMI with ensured operating performance. The main purpose of this work was to increase the reliability and revamp the performance of the converter design. [PERSON], et al. [24] demonstrated the ability of an accurate common mode choke (CMC) model in a 3D simulation environment. This enables in situ performance adjustments between minutes and hours as well as parametric assessments on parasitic behavior. [PERSON], et al. [25] suggested the dual controller topology incorporated with an FPGA element for efficiently reducing the EMI. Here, the PWM generator has been utilized to control the signals and ensure smooth transitions. [PERSON], et al. [26] designed an efficient spectrum aggregation methodology for improving the performance of power converters with reduced EMI. The major factor of this work was to incorporate the benefits of the random modeling technique for providing opportunities to update the spectrum parameters during the analysis of data. [PERSON], et al.