## 1 Introduction
For both indoor and outdoor activities, breathability and water resistance are crucial. Nanofiber (NF) fabrics effectively wick moisture away from the skin, benefiting disabled individuals, babies, and older people, who might have difficulty with personal care duties because of trembling or poor muscle control. The selection of materials is vital, especially for protective clothes, such as nappies or bibs, to prevent staining from food and drink spills, which can irritate the skin and are challenging to remove. Membrane hydrophilicity is a crucial requirement for the effective use of nanofibrous membranes in fabrics. In the field of bio-mediated textiles that fight bacteria, water-loving surfaces promote interaction between cells and the membrane interface. Similarly, for optimal antibacterial performance, hydrophilic surfaces improve the membrane's antimicrobial properties by permitting aqueous solutions to wet and subsequently infiltrate the fabrics. However, PLA, a hydrophobic polymer with a contact angle exceeding 120\({}^{\circ}\), needs modification or functionalization to enhance its wettability (reducing the contact angle to below 90\({}^{\circ}\)) while maintaining water stability. The development of hydrophilic characteristics in PLA-based nanofibrous textiles involves two main approaches: pre- and post-electrospinning. Prior to electrospinning, hydrophilic polymers, such as polyethylene glycol (PEG), chitosan, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and polyethylene oxide (PEO), are blended into the PLA mixture. In contrast, post-electrospinning approaches focus on the surface modification of electrospun PLA membranes using various wet chemical functionalization procedures. These techniques include coating, plasma treatment, grafting, hydrolysis, and multi-layered construction. The fundamental goal of these post-electrospinning approaches is to improve the hydrophilic characteristics of the nanofiber surface after electrospinning, thereby increasing the overall hydrophilicity of the PLA-based nanofibers [17; 18; 19; 20]. Post-electrospinning techniques preserve the final characteristics of the scaffolds by just altering the fiber surface [21]. For example, the research conducted by [PERSON] et al. [22] employed both pre- and post-electrospinning techniques to enhance the antimicrobial activity in wound dressing applications. They first incorporated essential oils and then applied a chitosan coating to transform a hydrophobic PLA into a water-loving hydrophilic one. This hydrophilic surface not only amplified the antimicrobial efficacy of the essential oils but also promoted cell adhesion and growth. In contrast, pre-electrospinning methods can alter hydrophilicity and improve additional features by adding other polymers, medications, and nanoparticles. [PERSON] et al. [23] created curcumin-loaded PLA nanofibers for drug release in wound dressings. They achieved hydrophilicity by blending several percentages of PEG, which allowed faster drug release. Similarly, [PERSON] et al. [24] developed PLA-based nanofibrous scaffolds that incorporated PEG and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) to transport anticancer medicines. PEG modified the PLA nanofiber properties, while MWCNT controlled the drug release. Another study focused on improving the hydrophilicity of PLA nanofibers using poly (lactic acid)-block-poly(ethylene glycol) (PLA-b-PEG) copolymers and biotin functionalization to enhance biosensor properties. The biotin availability on the PLA surface increased from 11% to 60% because of the PLA-b-PEG copolymers. This modification also improved the water stability of the PLA, making it suitable for short-term sensing applications in aqueous solutions [25]. In a separate study, low-molecular-weight Pluronic (a copolymer based on PEO) was combined with PLA to enhance its surface hydrophilicity. However, after 24 h in water, the membrane surface showed distortion and numerous holes due to PEO leaching from the fibers [26].