## 3 Results and Discussion
### Morphological Comparison
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Morphological Characteristics** & **Corte** & **Oletta** & **Patrimonio** & **Ajaccio** \\ \hline
**Main shoot: anthocyanin coloration** & **Strong** & Absent & Absent & Absent \\ \hline
**Leaf: size of blade** & **Medium** & Large & **Medium** & Large \\ \hline Leaf: blistering of upper side of blade & Absent & Absent & Absent & Absent \\ \hline Leaf: color of upper side of blade & Green & Green & Green & Green \\ \hline
**Leaf: if green, intensity of green color of the upper side of blade** & **Dark** & Light & **Dark** & Dark \\ \hline
**Time of flowering** & Late & Late & **Medium** & Late \\ \hline Plant: Growth type & Normal & Normal & Normal & Normal \\ \hline
**Side shoot from the middle third of the plants: length** & **Long** & Short & Short & Short \\ \hline
**Side shoot from the upper third of the plants: Length** & **Long** & Short & Short & Short \\ \hline
**Side shoot from the middle third of the plants: density of foliage** & **Dense** & **Dense** & Medium & Medium \\ \hline Side shoot from the middle third of the plants: number of cones per node & Many & Few & Medium & Few \\ \hline
**Side shoot from the middle third of the plants: total number of cones** & **Many** & Few & Few & Few \\ \hline
**Side shoot from the upper third of the plants: total number of cones** & **Many** & Medium & Medium & **Few** \\ \hline
**Time of picking maturity of cones** & **Medium** & Late & **Medium** & Late \\ \hline
**Cone: size** & **Large** & **Large** & Medium & Medium \\ \hline
**Cone: shape** & **Broad ovate** & **Medium ovate** & Cylindric & Cylindric \\ \hline
**Cone: degree of opening of bracts** & **Clearly open** & Just open & Just open & **Closed** \\ \hline
**Cone: intensity of green color** & Light & **Medium** & Light & Light \\ \hline
**Bract: size** & Large & **Small** & Large & **Medium** \\ \hline
**Bract: ratio length/width** & Medium & **Small** & Medium & Medium \\ \hline
**Bract: length of tip** & Short & Short & **Medium** & Short \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: Morphological description of wild hops from Corsica. In bold, the differences are highlighted. of a strong anthocyanin coloration of the main shoot (Table 4). This humid microclimate is perfect for the growth of powdery and downy mildew. Anthocyanins are supposed to have a role in the plant resistance to pathogens and herbivores, but their biosynthesis requires energy [42] at the expense of the biosynthesis of prenylated compounds, such as xanthohumol [45]; this theory is supported by the anthocyanin coloration of the main shoots of wild hops from Corte. In the same way, the major length of the side shoots and the higher number of cones in wild hops from Corte compared to the other wild hops (Table 4) prove that these characteristics can be influenced by water stress (less present in Corte area), as a response to preserve the vital parts of the plant [43]. These observations seem to corroborate the previously enounced fact that the peculiar growing conditions of the Corte accessions lead to differentiations, both genetic and morphological. The morphological comparison between the Tettnang cultivars of hops and their cuttings planted in Corsica is described in Table 5. It is possible to observe that in the first year after planting, the morphological characters of the cultivars remain the same in Corsica and in Tettnang. It is instead very interesting to observe that morphological modifications occurred from the year +1 after planting. The first important change occurred to the main shoots of all cultivars (Table 5), which lost their anthocyanin coloration. The presence of _Tetranychus urticae Koch_, downy mildew, and powdery mildew in the Tettnang area [46] could explain the coloration of the main shoot in Tettnang samples as a result of the synthesis of anthocyanins responding to stress (Table 5) [47]. Therefore, the absence of these attacks on the coastal areas of Corsica could explain the anthocyanins disappearing a year after transplantation.