## 3 Results and Discussions
### Study of Dispersed Systems Used in Cleaning
#### 3.1.2 Evaluation of the Extraction Capacity  
To evaluate the extraction capacity by activating the dispersion involving ultrasound, microwave, boiling, and room temperature conditions, the absorbance graphs of the evolution were compared according to the wavelength for each sample.  
_St John's Wort samples._ For the supernatant obtained from the St. John's Wort dispersion, the absorption spectrum in Figure 3 shows a maximum at \(\lambda_{\text{max}}\) = 330 nm. The differences between the \(\lambda_{\text{max}}\) absorbance for the St. John's Wort samples extracted at room temperature and the microwave-activated ones is relatively small of about 0.080 (0.503 vs. 0.583), whereas, by ultrasound and boiling, higher values were obtained (0.874 vs. 0.655), the difference between them is 0.219, and compared to the first one ranging from 0.291 to 0.371. The evolution of the absorption curves according to the wavelength does not correlate with the pH of supernatant, the range of variation being between 4.46 and 4.57.  
In relation to these samples it can be stated that ultrasound and boiling allow efficient extractions to be obtained in active components.  
_Sage samples._ In the case of the sage supernatant, from the UV-Vis spectrum (Figure 4) it can be observed that it absorbs at the absorbance values at \(\lambda_{\text{max}}\) = 270 nm and is similar to the first case, in the evolution of the four extraction conditions: ultrasound (0.876), boiling (0.649), at room temperature (0.515), and microwave (0.434). Although the level of absorbance values derive for the four extraction conditions, conformant to the same laws as in the case of the St. John's Wort, in this case, too, the supernatant obtained by ultrasound proved to be the most efficient (almost double, compared to the one obtained with microwaves). In this case, the evolution of the absorption curves according to the wavelength also does not correlate with the pH of the supernatant, but the range of variation is smaller, between 5.99 and 6.25.  
_Licorice roots samples._ From Figure 5 it is observed that the most efficient extraction process for licorice roots is the ultrasound process. If we report at the absorption maximum at 270 nm, from the UV-Vis absorption spectrum it can be seen that the ultrasound supernatant is more efficient compared to the one obtained with microwaves (0.973 vs. 0.459). Although the four supernatants have the same action for the activation processes, however, it can be seen that the microwave supernatant inhibits the extraction of active ingredients from licorice roots, the absorbance being much lower than the supernatant obtained at room temperature (0.459 vs. 0.603). For this case, the evolution of the absorption curves according to the wavelength correlates with the pH of the supernatant, the range of variation is wider, between 5.29 and 6.50.  
Figure 3: Evolution of absorption curves according to the wavelength and comparison of the absorption levels from \(\lambda_{\text{max}}\) for the St. John’s Wort supernatants activated by the four conditions.  
The supernatant with the active principles in the highest concentration was obtained for the licorice roots under the ultrasound conditions, and the lowest for the sage through microwaving. For all supernatants, ultrasounding, followed by boiling and room temperature, is more efficient than those with microwave extracts.