## 4 Discussion
The content of cannabinoids in industrial hemp plants varies significantly based on the variety and cultivation location, as evidenced by [PERSON] et al. [57], who reported CBD contents ranging from 0.0254% to 0.814% in six varieties of hemp (_Cannabis sativa_ L.) of European and Asian origin. The conducted research on cannabinoid contents in extracts indicates a relatively low total content in the tested extract (0.12%). [PERSON] et al. [58] reported the potent activity of Indian hemp against select Grampositive bacteria (_Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Salmonella newington_) and Gram-negative bacteria (_Pseudomonas aeruginosa_, _Helicobacter pylori, Escherichia coli_), highlighting the potential use of cannabis-derived molecules in human disease therapies. Additionally, Indian hemp extracts exhibited antifungal potential against foot fungus pathogens (_Trichophyta interdigitale_ and _Trichophyta rubrum_) as well as _Candida albicans_[59]. The antifungal attributes of hemp arise not only from the presence of cannabinoids but also from other phenolic compounds, a prevalent group of plant constituents known for their robust antimicrobial properties. Numerous authors have confirmed the biocidal properties of hemp extracts, particularly in the medical field [43,60,61]. While contemporary studies on the antimicrobial properties of hemp are limited, a few have focused on the isolated compounds, especially those with low THC content, and fewer still have delved into the antifungal properties of hemp extracts [57, 58, 59]. Literature data emphasize the varied effectiveness of plant extracts contingent upon the plant material and the extraction methodology [62,63]. Our research underscores that a 20% hemp extract proves most effective in inhibiting the growth of fungi on plants, including pathogenic species such as _B. cinerea_, _C. cocodes_, _A. alternata_, or _Fusarium_ spp. Comparable studies involving extracts from industrial hemp leaves [64,65] demonstrated the effectiveness of water extracts in inhibiting the growth of _A. solani_ (As) and _F. oxysporum_ (Fo) by 31.01-53.53% (As) and 23.47-47.96% (Fo), depending on the extract concentration. Our study, focusing on extracts from industrial hemp lateral inflorescences, revealed greater efficacy in inhibiting fungal growth compared to leaf extracts. The efficacy reached up to 73.57% for a 10% extract concentration and 76.46% for a 20% extract concentration (in the case of _A. alternata_). Similarly, high efficacy of hemp inflorescences extracts was observed against _F. oxysporum_, surpassing that of leaf extracts, as reported by [PERSON] et al. [65]. Several studies have indicated the inhibitory effects of hemp extracts on toxigenic fungi like _Aspergillus_ spp. and their mycotoxins [62,63]. Despite their broad-spectrum action, the antifungal and mycotoxin inhibitory effectiveness of hemp extracts has not been extensively explored,especially compared to their antioxidant properties. This study contributes valuable data on the fungistatic action of biodegradable hemp extracts. Further investigations are necessary to confirm their effectiveness under field conditions, evaluate their biological stability, selectivity, phytotoxicity, and explore their potential as a properly formulated mixture of plant extracts, which could exhibit enhanced fungistatic effectiveness. This research represents a crucial step and may serve as a foundation for developing a biofungicide for controlling plant diseases.