# Exploring the Potential of Microextraction in the Survey of Food Fruits and Vegetable Safety
## 2 Extraction Approaches Used to Assess Food Safety
### Conventional Extraction Approaches
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l l l l l} \hline \hline
**Extraction Method** & **Description/Analytical Technique** & **Contaminants/LODs** & **Matrix** & **Ref.** \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{SLE/SPE} & 15 g of sample; 15 mL of 0.1\% ac ANC; & & & \\  & 2 min vortex; addition of MgSO\({}_{4}\), NaCl, & & & \\  & CH\({}_{3}\)NaO\({}_{2}\); 2 min vortex; 5 min & 30 pesticides/ & & \\  & centrifugation; 400 mg activated charcoal; & 0.019–0.5 mg kg\({}^{-1}\) & & \\  & 600 mg PSA; evaporation; reconstitution & & & \\  & (1 mL n-hexane)/GC-MS & & & \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{SLE/LLE-SPE} & A 150 g sample; 300 mL ACN and 25 g & & & \\  & celle; 120 mL PE; shaking; 12 mL NaCl & & & \\  & saturated solution and H\({}_{2}\)O; upper layer & & & \\  & extraction. & & & \\  & Preconcentration: Florisil cartridge; & & & \\  & 200 mL PE and DEE (50:50; \(v/v\)) & & & \\  & elution/UPLC-MS/MS & & & \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{SLE/SPE-MTMOS-CPTES} & A 0.5 g sample; 2 mL MeOH + acetone & & & \\  & (1:1, \(v/v\)); 1 mL NaCl (10\%; \(w/v\)); H\({}_{2}\)O; 1 mL of sample through the cartridge; & & & \\  & elution (1 mL EtAc); dry; reconstitution & 0.01–0.07 \(\mu\)g mL\({}^{-1}\) & & \\  & (100 \(\mu\)L ACN)/GC-MS & & & \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{SLE/SPE} & A 50 g sample; centrifugation 10 min; mix & & & \\  & the precipitate with 5 mL ACN; vortex & & & \\  & 5 min; centrifugate; supernatant collection & & & \\  & and dilution (H\({}_{2}\)O); 150 mL through SPE & & & \\  & cartridge; elution (0.9 mL & & \\  & & ACN)/HPLC-DAD & & \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{SLE/ILPR-SPE} & A 20 g sample; centrifugation 15 min; & & & \\  & acetate solution; supernatant freeze-dried & & & \\  & overnight; redissolved (20 mL MeOH); & & & \\  & dry; redissolved (20 mL H\({}_{2}\)O); 1 mL & & & \\  & sample through ILPR cartridge; elution & & & \\  & (9:1 \(v/v\), 1.5 mL); dry; redissolved (0.5 mL & & \\  & MP)/HPLC-UV & & & \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{SLE/LTP} & A 4 g sample; 4 mL ACN; agitation & Azoxystrobin, & & \\  & (10 min); centrifugation (3 min); freezer & & & \\  & (6 h); organic liquid phase collection; & chlorothalonil/ & & \\  & spike/GC-ECD & & 1.1–3.5 \(\mu\)g kg\({}^{-1}\) & & \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{SFE} & A 0.3 g sample; 1.5 g Na\({}_{2}\)SO\({}_{4}\); 25% (\(v/v\)) & & & \\  & MeOH/SC-CO\({}_{2}\) at 80 \({}^{\circ}\)C; 25 MPa for & & & \\  & 5 min for dynamic extraction; ODS & & & \\  & column; elution (5 mL acetone); dry; & & & \\  & resuspension (1 mL MeOH, and 3 mL & & \\  & ACN/toluene (3:1, \(v/v\)))/LC-MS & & & \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{UAE-DES/MSPE} & A 0.2 g sample; 2 mL DES (proline and propylene glycol at 1:3 M ratio); 50 min & & & \\  & US; 5 min centrifugation; 10 mL dilution & & & \\  & (H\({}_{2}\)O); pH 8.0; 25 mg of MWCNTs & & & \\  & addition; dried; ACN & & & \\  & resuspension/HPLC-UV & & & \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{UAE-DES/LLE} & A 0.5 g sample; DES (glycerol-proline 5 at 9:4 ratio); 1 min vortex; 20 min US; 5 min & & \\  & centrifugation; supernatant collection; & & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & 1 mL PE; 20 s vortex; 3 min centrifugation; & & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & PE elimination; re-extraction (DCM); & & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & DCM layer collection; dry; resuspended in & & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & MeOH/HPLC-DAD & & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: _Cont._