# A 5G-Based VR Application for Efficient Port Management
## 3 Application of 5G + VR in Smart Ports
### System Architecture
Autonomous driving can improve operational efficiency and safety, and reduce human labor costs and human involvement. However, in the current port development, the coverage of intelligent road facilities is still very limited. It lacks network facilities such as road-side communication systems to support the interconnection of vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-pedestrian. The road condition cannot meet the requirements of autonomous driving. Figure 5: System architecture. For the relatively closed scenario of the smart port, it is easy to virtualize the scene, which makes remote controlling an autonomous truck possible. The autonomous truck is based on 5G + VR technology to drive on a specific road in a closed industrial park [16; 27; 28]. Specific routes are planned in smart terminals remotely by human manipulators, and autonomous trucks can load and deliver goods by themselves, which greatly reduces the flow of personnel and improves operational efficiency. As the information of each module of the port can be stored and visualized in the reconstructed VR environment, it is more convenient and faster to help the manipulator to learn and carry out technical route planning. Data collected by multiple sensors deployed in real-world road facilities can be mapped in a VR environment using the MQTT network interface through an industrial 5G network that achieves real-time communication between vehicles, people, and roads. The specific display interface is shown in Figure 6 below. The remote manipulator can monitor the movement of the truck through the driver's perspective and supports the real-time retrieval and visual reading of the information of each part of the smart port, thereby greatly improving the work efficiency. Port environmental information is collected and sent to VR systems from warehouses, trucks, cranes, etc., which can make the remote working principle more comprehensive. Such information can also support overall planning and task orchestration for smart ports, which can greatly improve the working efficiency of port tasks. 5G networks' high speed, large capacity, and low latency features can enable smart port autonomous driving with timely and high reliability of the transmission of remote-control commands for driving trucks. This supports the need for manual remote control of autonomous driving trucks under abnormal conditions and achieves L3 or L4 automatic driving, automatic guidance, precise parking, automatic loading, and other functions in various port scenarios. Autonomous trucks are seamlessly connected with the remote control of quay cranes and quay bridge mechanical equipment. Figure 6: Visual interface for smart ports. By integrating with the information for intelligent port machinery and equipment, material, and environment, autonomous driving can better understand the scenario where it resides and make better decisions. Remote manipulators can make decisions based on the feedback in the port and the vehicle condition of the autonomous driving truck to complete a series of tasks, thereby supporting the fully automated operation of the terminal. The remote-control scheme of autonomous driving trucks is shown in Figure 7.  
* Remote Control of Mechanical Equipment  
Controlling quay cranes and yard bridges remotely can greatly reduce human labor, improve operational efficiency and safety, and improve working conditions for the operators in a smart port. This requires the remote-control communication system for quay cranes and yard bridges to satisfy the synchronization and reliable transmission of control data. The communication system for remote control of quay cranes in traditional ports can only rely on an optical fiber network, which is not only at the risk of a single point of failure, but also hard to deploy for remote-control cranes.