## 3 Results  
### Test-Retest Reliability  
All the implanted ears (n = 19) and impaired-hearing non-implanted ears (n = 15) were tested sequentially twice and included in this analysis. Between the measurements, the probe was removed and reinserted again. In the normal-hearing group, due to technical problems, only 35 out of the 48 ears had a second sequential test available that could be included for the test-retest reliability comparisons. Repeated measurements were evaluated using repeated-measures ANOVA, including pressure settings (ambient, peak), measurement order (first vs. second measurement), and frequency, as intra-subject variables. Significant effects were found for frequency (F(15,510) = 144.697, \(p\) < 0.001) and pressure settings (F(2,68) = 73.193, \(p\) < 0.001) but not for measurement order (F(1,34) = 1.762,\(p\) = 0.193). The interactions between pressure settings and measurement order and between pressure settings, measurement order, and frequency were also not statistically significant (F(2,68) = 2.808, \(p\) = 0.067, and F(30,1020) = 1.313, \(p\) = 0.122, respectively). The interaction between pressure settings and frequency after the Greenhouse-Geisser correction was not significant (F(2.495,84.823) = 2.003, \(p\) = 0.130). Similarly, the test-retest comparisons in the implanted (n = 19) and non-implanted (n = 15) groups and for all pressure settings showed no significant differences, thus demonstrating acceptable measurement reliability. Figure 2 illustrates the repeated absorbance measurements per frequency in the three groups. Absorbance was compared between the right and the left ears of each participant in the 24 normal-hearing participants. For these measurements, repeated-measures ANOVA was used, with pressure setting (ambient, peak) and frequency as intra-subject variables and laterality (right, left) as an inter-subject variable. Frequency and pressure settings showed significant effects (F(15,690) = 200.011, \(p\) < 0.001 and F(2,92) = 117.628, \(p\) < 0.001, respectively). Ear side had no significant effect (F(1,46) = 0.021, \(p\) = 0.886). No significant interactions were found between pressure settings and ear-side (F(2,92) = 0.152, \(p\) = 0.859) or between pressure settings, ear-side, and frequency (F(30,1380) = 0.437, \(p\) = 0.997). Figure 3 demonstrates the mean absorbance per frequency for right and left normal-hearing ears across pressure settings. Figure 2: Comparison between first and second wideband tympanometry measurements for: (**A**) normal-hearing ears (n = 35); (**B**) implanted ears (n = 19); (**C**) impaired-hearing non-implanted ears (n = 15). The bars reflect the 95% confidence intervals. Effects of cochlear implantation and SNHL Standard tympanometry (226 Hz)  
Table 2 details standard tympanometry results in implanted and non-implanted ears, including the equivalent ear canal volume (ECV), tympanometric peak pressure (TPP), peak compensated static acoustic admittance, and the tympanometric type in each ear. In implanted ears (n = 19), 18 had normal (type A) tympanometry, with one having normal peak compensated static acoustic admittance but negative tympanometric peak pressure (type C; less than \(-\)50 daPa). In non-implanted impaired-hearing ears, fourteen had normal (type A) tympanometry, and one had normal peak compensated static acoustic admittance with negative tympanometric peak pressure (type C; less than \(-\)50 daPa), similar to her contralateral implanted side. Clinically, there were no differences in standard tympanometry results between the normal, implanted, and non-implanted ears; they would all be considered to have normal middle-ear function based on the outcome of the conventional tympanometry, which is the standard practice in the clinic at this time.