## 3 Results
### Total Antioxidant Capacity  
The total antioxidant capacities of the ACE and its organic solvent fractions were determined using ABTS, DPPH, and FRAP assays (Table 1). The antioxidant capacity of ACE and the five different fractions of ACE observed a broad range. The highest total antioxidant capacity of the ABTS (highest 1144.48 \(\pm\) 25.76 and lowest 9.38 \(\pm\) 0.78 mg VCE/g dry weight), DPPH (highest 37.63 \(\pm\) 0.93 and lowest 1.97 \(\pm\) 0.19 mg VCE/g dry weight), and FRAP (highest 0.41 \(\pm\) 0.05 and lowest 0.02 \(\pm\) 0.00 mM FSE/g dry weight) assays was 122-, 19-, and 20-fold higher than the lowest total antioxidant capacity, respectively. ACE showed ABTS, DPPH, and FRAP radical scavenging capacities with 744.48 \(\pm\) 9.62 mg VCE/g dry weight, 18.70 \(\pm\) 0.24 mg VCE/g dry weight, and 0.26 \(\pm\) 0.01 mM FSE/g dry weight, respectively. ABTS radical scavenging activity was the highest for EtOAc  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c c c} \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Extract/Fractions**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Extraction Yield**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**TPC**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**ABTS**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**DPPH**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**FRAP**} \\ \cline{2-7}  & **\% (iv/iv)** & **g** & **(mg PGE/g)** & **(mg VCE/g)** & **(mg VCE/g)** & **(mM FSE/g)** \\ \hline ACE & 48.57 & 44.00 & 144.62 \(\pm\) 1033 c ** & 744.48 \(\pm\) 9.62 c  & 18.70 \(\pm\) 0.24 b  & 0.26 \(\pm\) 0.01 b  \\ Hex & 0.67 & 0.20 & 17.04 \(\pm\) 0.37 e  & 9.38 \(\pm\) 0.78 e  & 1.97 \(\pm\) 0.19 e  & 0.02 \(\pm\) 0.00 \\ CHCl\({}_{3}\) & 2.00 & 0.60 & 47.80 \(\pm\) 3.10 d  & 110.48 \(\pm\) 6.60 d  & 5.02 \(\pm\) 0.08 d  & 0.09 \(\pm\) 0.02 c  \\ EtOAc & 3.00 & 0.90 & 320.97 \(\pm\) 3.41 a  & 1144.48 \(\pm\) 25.76 a  & 37.63 \(\pm\) 0.93 a  & 37.63 \(\pm\) 0.93 a  & 0.441 \(\pm\) 0.05 a  \\ BuOH & 6.66 & 2.00 & 157.10 \(\pm\) 2.23 c  & 19.27 \(\pm\) 0.44 b  & 0.25 \(\pm\) 0.01 b  \\ H\({}_{2}\)O & 59.29 & 17.80 & 173.66 \(\pm\) 2.69 b  & 822.86 \(\pm\) 27.67 b  & 15.57 \(\pm\) 0.80 c  & 0.29 \(\pm\) 0.01 b  \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 1: Extraction yield, TPC, and total anti-oxidant capacity results of ACE and its fractions.  
(1144.48 \(\pm\) 25.76 mg VCE/g dry weight) among the five fractions of ACE, followed by H\({}_{2}\)O (822.86 \(\pm\) 27.67 mg VCE/g dry weight), BuOH (763.33 \(\pm\) 39.01 mg VCE/g dry weight), CHCl\({}_{3}\) (110.48 \(\pm\) 6.60 mg VCE/g dry weight), and Hex (9.38 \(\pm\) 0.78 mg VCE/g dry weight). In the case of DPPH activity, EtOAc (37.63 \(\pm\) 0.93 mg VCE/g dry weight), BuOH (19.27 \(\pm\) 0.44 mg VCE/g dry weight), H\({}_{2}\)O (15.57 \(\pm\) 0.80 mg VCE/g dry weight), CHCl\({}_{3}\) (5.02 \(\pm\) 0.08 mg VCE/g dry weight), and Hex (1.97 \(\pm\) 0.19 mg VCE/g dry weight) had the lowest DPPH radical scavenging activity. For FRAP activity, the EtOAc fraction also showed the highest FRAP activity among the five fractions of ACE, being 0.41 \(\pm\) 0.05 mM FSE/g dry weight, followed by H\({}_{2}\)O (0.29 \(\pm\) 0.01 mM FSE/g dry weight), BuOH (0.25 \(\pm\) 0.01 mM FSE/g dry weight), CHCl\({}_{3}\) (0.09 \(\pm\) 0.02 mM FSE/g dry weight), and Hex (0.02 \(\pm\) 0.00 mM FSE/g dry weight). Therefore, the EtOAc fraction of ACE showed the highest antioxidant activity in all assays evaluating total antioxidant activity.  
ACE and its fractions with high TPC showed superior results in total antioxidant activity, suggesting that TPC has a positive correlation with total antioxidant activity. Thus, we further performed Pearson correlation analysis to measure the relation between the TPC and three antioxidant assays (Table 2). The TPC assay was significantly positively correlated with the ABTS (\(r\) = 0.94, \(p\) < 0.01), DPPH (\(r\) = 0.98, \(p\) < 0.01), and FRAP (\(r\) = 0.96, \(p\) < 0.01) assays. In addition, the ABTS assay showed a significantly positive correlation between the DPPH (\(r\) = 0.97, \(p\) < 0.01) and FRAP (\(r\) = 0.99, \(p\) < 0.01) assays. This result indicated that polyphenol compounds in ACE and its fractions have strong total antioxidant activity.