## 3 Results
### Time-Activity Patterns among the Urban Adult Population
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Variable** & **Home** & **Work** & **Other Indoor** & **Outdoor** & **Walking** & **In Transit** \\ \hline
**Gender** & & & & & & \\ Men & 68.1 & 17.2 & 7.0 & 1.7 & 2.4 & 3.6 \\ Women & 70.9 & 14.2 & 8.4 & 1.4 & 2.6 & 2.5 \\ \hline
**\(p\) between groups** & 0.843 & 0.145 & 0.456 & 0.046 \({}^{*}\) & 0.363 & 0.001 \({}^{*}\) \\ \hline
**Age** & & & & & & \\ \textless{}45 & 71.9 & 12.1 & 8.4 & 1.8 & 2.8 & 3.0 \\
45–64 & 65.8 & 19.7 & 7.7 & 1.2 & 2.2 & 3.4 \\
65+ & 77.3 & 8.7 & 6.9 & 2.0 & 2.8 & 2.3 \\ \hline
**\(p\) between groups** & 0.012 \({}^{*}\) & 0.000 \({}^{*}\) & 0.609 & 0.472 & 0.049 \({}^{*}\) & 0.075 \\ \hline
**Occupational status** & & & & & & \\ Working full-time & 64.3 & 20.2 & 8.9 & 1.0 & 2.1 & 3.3 \\ Working part-time & 74.8 & 10.1 & 7.4 & 1.9 & 2.9 & 3.0 \\ Unemployed, retired, others & 83.4 & 0.0 & 8.4 & 2.1 & 3.0 & 3.1 \\ \hline
**\(p\) between groups** & 0.000 \({}^{*}\) & 0.000 \({}^{*}\) & 0.898 & 0.009 \({}^{*}\) & 0.037 \({}^{*}\) & 0.709 \\ \hline
**BMI** & & & & & & \\ \textless{}30 & 70.3 & 14.8 & 7.7 & 1.6 & 2.7 & 3.1 \\ \(\geq\)30 & 67.7 & 17.5 & 8.2 & 1.5 & 2.1 & 3.0 \\ \hline
**\(p\) between groups** & 0.443 & 0.786 & 0.743 & 0.942 & 0.296 & 0.982 \\ \hline
**Chronic diseases** & & & & & & \\ No & 70.1 & 14.5 & 8.5 & 1.6 & 2.5 & 2.8 \\ Yes & 69.2 & 16.5 & 7.1 & 1.5 & 2.5 & 3.2 \\ \hline
**\(p\) between groups** & 0.433 & 0.208 & 0.516 & 0.827 & 0.890 & 0.191 \\ \hline
**Walking in leisure time** & & & & & & \\ Yes & 70.8 & 14.2 & 7.7 & 1.6 & 2.8 & 2.9 \\ No & 67.6 & 18.3 & 7.4 & 1.4 & 1.9 & 3.5 \\ \hline
**\(p\) between groups** & 0.988 & 0.035 \({}^{*}\) & 0.863 & 0.335 & 0.004 \({}^{*}\) & 0.432 \\ \hline
**Bicycle use** & & & & & & \\ Often & 66.7 & 17.0 & 7.4 & 2.0 & 2.7 & 4.2 \\ Seldom & 70.6 & 14.9 & 7.9 & 1.4 & 2.5 & 2.7 \\ \hline
**\(p\) between groups** & 0.642 & 0.471 & 0.936 & 0.076 & 0.784 & 0.000 \({}^{*}\) \\ \hline
**Car disposal** & & & & & & \\ No & 70.6 & 13.5 & 8.9 & 1.4 & 3.0 & 2.5 \\ Yes & 69.5 & 16.2 & 7.2 & 1.6 & 2.2 & 3.3 \\ \(p\) between groups** & 0.295 & 0.273 & 0.399 & 0.929 & 0.003 \({}^{*}\) & 0.119 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} \({}^{*}p<0.05\)  
\end{table} 
Table 2: The average time (%) spent in microenvironments by individual characteristics. The use of active transport like walking in leisure time and bicycle use had a statistically significant impact on time-activity patterns and are important determinants for assessing exposure. Average time spent in microenvironments by environmental and other factors is presented in Table 3. A higher noise concentration was statistically significantly associated with less time spent outdoors and in transit (\(p<0.05\)). The day type was statistically significantly (\(p<0.05\)) associated with time spent at home. Table 4 shows the ORs for the time spent indoors by the different individual variables. A statistical analysis for each independent variable was done separately and adjusted for all statistically significant confounders. After adjustment, the time spent indoors was statistically significantly associated with walking in leisure time, bicycle use, and residential greenness. The highest odds of time spent indoors was found among those adults who did not or rarely engaged in physical activity, such as walking in leisure time (OR = 2.77; CI 1.09-7.05) and bicycle use (OR = 3.86; CI 1.28-11.66) and those who reported that in their living environment there is little or no greenerry (OR = 2.84; CI 1.33-6.05).