## 3 Methods and Materials
### User Satisfaction via IPA  
This study used the Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) method to evaluate user satisfaction and the perceived importance of the LoRA models in generating Chinese intangible cultural heritage (CICH) paper-cutting patterns. IPA, proposed by [PERSON] and [PERSON] in 1977, was initially used to analyze customer satisfaction with products or services [52]. This method helps identify service attributes that need improvement by demonstrating the relationship between perceived importance and actual performance, providing decision-makers with guidance on optimizing resource allocation and adjusting strategies [53] (The experiment process, recruitment of questionnaire participants, and the experiment environment are described, including the post-task questionnaire completion). 1. Experiment Process  
To verify the effectiveness of the developed paper-cutting LoRA model in generating intangible cultural heritage paper-cutting patterns, this study designed both in-person and remote experiments. A total of 321 professionals from fields such as design, fine arts, cultural communication, intangible cultural heritage preservation, and traditional crafts were recruited to participate in the survey. 1. In-Person Experiment  
The in-person experiment invited research participants to take part. Under the guidance of the researchers, participants used a provided PC to generate paper-cutting patterns. The experiment environment was set up with a PC equipped with an Intel i7 processor and an NVIDIA RTX 4060 8 GB graphics card. Each participant completed the paper-cutting generation task and immediately filled out a related questionnaire. This approach allowed the researchers to observe the participants' operations in real time, ensuring the accuracy of the experiment and the validity of the data. Figure 4: Training loss rate changes for “Spring Festival” (**a**), “Zodiac Animals” (**b**), “Flowers and Birds” (**c**), and “Women” (**d**) LoRA models on Stable Diffusion 1.5. (3) Remote Experiment  
For participants unable to attend the in-person experiment, a remote experiment option was provided. Since the LoRA model can run stably on ordinary PCs, the researchers shared a ComfyUI package containing the base models (FLUX.1 and Stable Diffusion 1.5) and their eight derived LoRA models, allowing participants to test them on their own PCs. Participants were required to install the software on their personal computers, complete the paper-cutting generation task, and then fill out a questionnaire. (4) Cloud-Based Experiment  
For some intangible cultural heritage practitioners or other participants unfamiliar with PC operations, the researchers simplified the process by providing cloud-based software. The software was pre-configured in a cloud-based environment, allowing participants to directly use the paper-cutting generation model by accessing the cloud through a shared link. The configuration of the cloud-based system was identical to that of the in-person experiment, with an Intel i7 processor and an NVIDIA RTX 4060 8 GB graphics card, ensuring consistency and comparability across different experimental methods. (5) Questionnaire Design  
To effectively evaluate user satisfaction and importance, the questionnaire design in this study incorporated the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). Proposed by [PERSON] in 1989, the TAM is used to explain users' acceptance and intentions to use information technology [46]. This model is widely applied to assess users' willingness to adopt new technologies and includes five variables: Perceived Usefulness (PU), Perceived Ease of Use (PE), Attitude Towards Using (AT), Behavioral Intention (BI), and external variables.