# The Progress of Cobalt-Based Anode Materials for Lithium Ion Batteries and Sodium Ion Batteries
## 4 Application of Cobalt-Based Anode Materials in LIBs/SIBs
### Other Cobalt-Based Anode Materials  
In addition to cobalt alloys, cobalt oxides, cobalt phosphide and cobalt chalcogenides, other cobalt-based anode materials like CoMn\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{4}\) have also been utilized in LIBs and SIBs [39; 50; 51; 52; 53; 54; 55; 56; 108; 109]. [PERSON]'s group synthesized CoMn\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{4}\) microspheres and evaluated them as anode materials for LIBs [51]. As displayed in Figure 14a, the CoMn\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{4}\) electrode exhibited high initial charge and discharge capacities of 1860 and 2296 mA h g\({}^{-1}\) at 100 mA g\({}^{-1}\), respectively. During the first 200 cycles, the capacity gradually declined owing to a severe structure degradation caused by the conversion reaction. Figure 13: Electrochemical performances of cobalt-based anode materials. (**a**) Li-ion storage and (**b**) Na-ion storage cyclic performance of the Co\({}_{0.85}\)Se nanosheets/graphene (NSs/G) at 0.5 A g\({}^{-1}\), in comparison with Co\({}_{0.85}\)Se NSs and Co\({}_{0.85}\)Se NSs without additives [160]. Rate performance of CoSe@PCP for (**c**) LIBs and (**d**) SIBs [68]. (**e**) Cyclic properties of CoSe\({}_{2}\) at 1 A g\({}^{-1}\)[190]. After 250 cycles, the reversible capacities increased, which can be ascribed to the gradual formation of the SEI and the degradation of the electrolyte. After 500 cycles, the CoMn\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{4}\) electrode delivered a capacity of 722 mA h g\({}^{-1}\), indicating the enhanced performance of the CoMn\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{4}\) electrode as an anode for LIBs. [PERSON] et al. prepared CoSnO\({}_{3}\)/GN/CNTs composite papers that delivered excellent electrochemical properties [109]. The rate performances of the CoSnO\({}_{3}\)/GN/CNTs composite with different structures are displayed in Figure 14b. The CoSnO\({}_{3}\) nanobox/GN/CNTs composite delivered the capacities of 1233.8, 1106.4, 894.7, 780.3 and 676.7 mA h g\({}^{-1}\) at the current densities of 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 1 and 2 A g\({}^{-1}\), respectively. Moreover, a high reversible capability of 992.8 mA h g\({}^{-1}\) could be retained when the current density returned to 0.1 A g\({}^{-1}\). The rate properties of CoSnO\({}_{3}\) nanocube/GN/CNTs were poorer than CoSnO\({}_{3}\) nanobox/GN/CNTs. [PERSON]'s group synthesized CoSnO\({}_{3}\)-NCs nanoboxes and employed them as anode materials for SIBs [52]. The cyclic performance of this sample was tested at a current density of 1 A g\({}^{-1}\), as shown in Figure 14c. The CoSnO\({}_{3}\)-NCs electrode exhibited a high capacity of 273.8 mA h g\({}^{-1}\) after 1000 cycles owing to the stable structure derived from the presence of the carbon layer. The electrochemical properties of typical cobalt-based anode materials for LIBs and SIBs are summarized in Table 3. Clearly, this cobalt-based active material delivered different levels of rate performances and cyclic stabilities owing to the differences between morphology and composition. Hence, a rational structure is vitally important for the electrochemical properties of cobalt-based anode materials. Furthermore, the combination with carbonaceous materials is also an effective method to enhance the electrochemical properties of cobalt-based anode materials for LIBs and SIBs. Figure 14: Electrochemical performances of cobalt-based anode materials. (**a**) Cyclic performance of CoMn\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{4}\) microspheres at 100 mA g\({}^{-1}\) in LIBs [51]. (**b**) Rate performance of CoSnO\({}_{3}\) nanobox/graphene (GN)/carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and CoSnO\({}_{3}\) nanocube/GN/CNTs as anode materials of LIBs [109]. (**c**) Cyclic properties of CoSnO\({}_{3}\)-N doped C (NC)-120 at 1 A g\({}^{-1}\)[52].