## 3 Results  
### Residue Contents in Austrian Must and Wine Samples  
250 Austrian wines, 45 Austrian musts in fermentation and 33 Austrian grape musts of different origin from 2012-2019 vintages were analyzed for the content of 23 common residues of the fungicides including botryticides, insecticides and herbicides classes. There are no legal limits for pesticide residues in must, fermenting must and wine in Austria. For this reason, the official wine control also uses the limit values for grapes listed in Table 1 for monitoring wine and wine products. These limits were not exceeded in any single sample. Concentrations of more than 0.100 mg/L residue were found in individual samples. With the exception of fluopyram, these exceedances were only related to botryticides (Table 4). In the organically or biodynamically produced samples, no residues were found in any single sample. Figure 1 shows the percentages of samples with detectable residues (>LOD). The residues of the fungicides penconazole, folpet, kresoxylin-methyl, cyflufenamid, benalaxyl and quinoxyfen, the herbicide napropamide and the insecticide chlorpyrifos were not detectable in any sample. The fungicides trifluorcystrobin and the insecticide cypermethrin were exclusively detectable in a few must samples, and the insecticide indoxacarb was solely detectable in a few must and fermenting must samples. All investigated botryticides, fungicides metalaxyl, fluopyram, mycobutanil and tebuconazole, as well as the insecticide \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Must (N = 33)**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Fermenting Must (N = 45)**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Wine (N = 250)**} \\  & **Rel. Share** & **Highest Conc.** & **Rel. Share** & **Highest Conc.** & **Rel. Share** & **Highest Conc.** \\ \hline Pyrimethanil & 9.1\% & 0.229 mg/L & & 1.2\% & 0.242 mg/L \\ Mepanipyrim & & & 0.4\% & 0.103 mg/L \\ Fenhexamid & 3.0\% & 0.212 mg/L & 2.2\% & 0.186 mg/L & 3.6\% & 0.192 mg/L \\ Fenpyrazamin & 6.1\% & 0.204 mg/L & 2.2\% & 0.137 mg/L & 0.8\% & 0.108 mg/L \\ Boscalid & 6.1\% & 0.562 mg/L & 8.9\% & 0.417 mg/L & 0.8\% & 0.559 mg/L \\ Fluopyram & & & & 0.4\% & 0.109 mg/L \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: Percentage of samples with concentrations above 100 \(\upmu\)g/L. chlorpyrifos-methyl, were detected in some must, fermenting must and wine samples. It is noticeable that botryticides were particularly detectable in many samples. However, depending on the active ingredient, 69 to 100% of the samples were free of detectable residues. Figure 2 shows the percentage of samples with quantifiable residues (>LOQ). In addition to the botryicidal active ingredients pyrimethanil, fenhexamid, fenpyrazamine and boscalid, fluopyram and the insecticide chlorpyrifos-methyl were also quantifiable in must, fermenting must and wine samples, while cyprodinil and trifoxystrobin were only quantifiable in must samples. Mepanipyrim and fluidoxonil were quantifiable in must wine samples, indoxycarb in must and fermenting must samples, and metalaxyl only in fermenting must samples. It is again conspicuous that botryiticides in particular were quantifiable in many samples, yet depending on the residues, 79 to 100% of the samples were free of quantifiable residues. This percentage is comparable to the study of [5] for botryticides, where depending on the residues, 81.4 to 97.6% of the samples showed no measurable residues in 791 tested samples. In both studies, the limits of quantification of the analytical methods were comparable. Reduction of Pesticide Residues through Wine Treatment with Various Fining Agents: The Effect on Botrytices Examined  
One white wine and one red wine were spiked with plant protection active substances (pesticides) and treated by means of different fining agents. Table 5 shows the concentrations of botryticide residues before and after treatment. Figure 1: Percentage of samples with detectable concentrations of residues. For identification of the samples Tables S1 and S2.