## 4 Case Studies
### Port of Felixstowe  
The Port of Felixstowe (www.portoffelixstowe.co.uk, accessed on 18 November 2023) is the largest container port in the UK. The port is owned and operated by Hutchison Ports UK. It handles over 4 million TEUs (twenty-foot equivalent units) each year. In terms of tonnage, the Port of Felixstowe moved over 22.20 million tonnes in 2022.  
Hutchison Ports has set targets to achieve global net zero emissions by 2050, and achieve net zero of scope 1 and scope 2 emissions by 2035 for three of its UK ports: Port of Felixstowe, Harwich International, and London Thamesport. Decarbonisation measures at the Port of Felixstowe include the following:  
* **Operational measures**: The Port of Felixstowe has been involved in various research projects to pursue optimisation for quayside operations, yardside operations, vehicle booking system, and rail terminal operations.
* **Electric cargo handling equipment**: In 2020, they implemented eight remote control semi-automated electric RTGs to replace conventional RTGs; in 2021, they ordered 48 battery-powered terminal tractors and 17 zero-emission remote-controlled electric RTG cranes to replace existing diesel-powered cargo handling equipment. The report in 2021 indicated that the carbon footprint had been reduced by 30% since 2015 through a range of measures including the first phase of the programme to phase out diesel-powered yard cranes. In 2023, the port ordered 100 battery-powered autonomous Q-Trucks. By 2030, the port will replace 216 diesel-powered internal tractors and 32 of 74 diesel-powered RTGs, targeting a further 20% reduction in CO\({}_{2}\).
* **Hydrogen-powered port equipment**: In 2021, Ryne Hydrogen initiated a project to supply the Port of Felixstowe with green hydrogen for its prototype port trucks.
* **Green hydrogen**: In 2022, ScottishPower, with Hutchison Ports, was planning to invest GBP 150 million to build a green hydrogen plant to bring in 100 megawatts of power by 2026 to supply hydrogen to the vehicles and machinery used by the port. It will also have the potential to be used for the production of green ammonia or ethanol.
* **Rail infrastructure**: In 2019, the Strategic Freight Network and Hutchinson Ports UK invested GBP 60.4 million to complete a new rail line connected to the Port of Felixstowe, which has the potential for an increase from 33 to 47 freight train services a day in each direction. Each additional train would take the equivalent of up to 76 lorries off the roads; currently, about 30% of containers are moved by rail services at Felixstowe.  
* **Electric infrastructure**: In 2022, the port started a 3-year project to upgrade the existing 11,000-volt electricity network to supply power to electric gantry cranes, electric yard cranes, and charging stations for battery-powered tractor units. In 2023, the port commissioned the setup of two new 11 kV high-voltage substations, which will primarily serve its conventional electric tractor fleet.
* **Digital technologies**: In 2022, the port became the 5G testbeds under a government funding project to deploy 5G technology and the Internet of Things (IoT). The project aims to make use of the real-time data from the IoT sensors and 5G network to detect anomalies in quay cranes and yard cranes to improve preventive maintenance. The port was also involved in a research project in 2022 to apply machine learning techniques to improve container storage allocation between quayside and yardside operations.
* **Green energy transition levy**: From 2022, each import-laden container through the port of Felixstowe is charged GBP 8.75 to the customs declarant (clearing agent) to contribute to the port's decarbonisation program.