# Complex Battery Storage Fire Propagation Translational Forensic Study Using Cellular Automata
## 4 Discussion
### CA Modeling for Battery Fire Translational Forensics  
The advancement of battery technology encompasses various aspects of modern life, driven by the widespread use of microelectronics and mechatronics, which form the foundation of most contemporary electronic devices. Notably, a global awareness of LIB fires first emerged from incidents involving cell phone and laptop batteries [41]. Therefore, translational research must engage a wide range of regulatory bodies, including fire protection agencies, building code committees, the electronic packaging and design industry, federal risk response organizations (such as FEMA and DHS), energy and transportation \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**Fire Event 1 (s)** & **Fire Event 2 (s)** & **Rate of Fire Spread (s)** \\ \hline
757 & 1061 & 304 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Fire event data collection. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**Probability** & **Timesteps** & **Burning Time (h)** \\ \hline
0 & 1 & 0.08433 \\ \hline
0.1 & 2.27 & 0.19144 \\ \hline
0.2 & 8.28 & 0.69828 \\ \hline
0.3 & 46.01 & 3.88018 \\ \hline
0.4 & 45.71 & 3.85488 \\ \hline
0.5 & 42.93 & 3.62044 \\ \hline
0.6 & 42.05 & 3.54622 \\ \hline
0.7 & 41.57 & 3.50574 \\ \hline
0.8 & 41.22 & 3.47623 \\ \hline
0.9 & 41.03 & 3.46020 \\ \hline
1 & 41.02 & 3.45936 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Actual time of burn in different probabilities. authorities, and medical emergency groups. Representation from the medical field is crucial, as battery-powered medical equipment and facilities housing such devices also face fire risk. The implications extend to additional federal and state agencies; for example, the US Naval Research Laboratory has published testing and mitigation guidelines for batteries intended for military use [42]. With further development in modeling techniques, the current CA-MC modeling can be extended to several other aspects of battery fire science and management studies. Drawing parallels from the forest fire literature, where CA has been applied to simulate fire propagation and fire prevention, this modeling technique applies to different aspects of LIB technologies. Figure 17 illustrates the different simulation parameters required for extending CA modeling to different aspects of battery fire research including cell chemistry, heat propagation, and factors affecting internal short-circuiting at the cell level, environmental factors and fire jump probabilities at the rack level, heat transfer rate and thermal properties when considering surrounding structures, fire detection and extinguishing, insulation material characteristics and site ventilation design for preventive measures, and residual material characteristics and storage site conditions for battery disposal. The incorporation of advanced analytical techniques such as machine learning can further enhance the capabilities of CA modeling, transforming it into a valuable tool for translational forensic applications. This potential has already been demonstrated by [PERSON] and [PERSON] [28], who integrated a Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) Gibbs sampler with an ordinal categorical CA modeler. [PERSON] further suggested the use of cellular automata within the framework of convolutional neural networks (CNNs), resulting in the concept of a learning cellular automaton [43]. As we progress along the translational forensic pathway, a clear interdependence emerges between battery packaging, firefighting technologies, and regulatory code development. Currently, suppressing LIB fires typically necessitates the prolonged application of water or other extinguishing agents directly to the affected cells. Therefore, battery modules must be designed with accessibility for firefighters in mind. Effective firefighting strategies must prioritize access to batteries, while battery packaging designs should incorporate safety access as a critical consideration.