## 3 Technical Overview  
### The Evolution of the ADAS System  
Advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) is a driver assistance technology designed to enhance a driver's ease of driving and enhance road safety. The difference between advanced driver assistance systems and traditional driver assistance systems lies in the level of automation provided and the sensor set used. Traditional driver assistance systems such as ABS (antilocking braking systems) measure the onboard vehicle parameters and actuate the control mechanism to improve driver safety and comfort. In this case of the antilock braking system, the wheel speed sensor measures the wheel speed and continuously actuates a brake valve to prevent locking of the wheels during braking. In the case of advanced driver assistance systems such as frontal collision avoidance systems, the surrounding environment is sensed using sensors to warn about driver hazards and perform automatic control or maneuvers to prevent mishaps. This enhances the safety and comfort of drivers. In this case, computer vision-based object detection identifies the hazard via a camera. A radar-based sensor is used to localize the hazard, i.e., estimate the distance of the hazard to perform corrective action (audio, visual, or haptic feedback warning). There are five levels of vehicle driving automation specified by SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers), from level 1 to level 5.
* Lane Departure Warning: This provides an audio and/or visual warning to the driver if the vehicle is accidentally deviating from the current lane. It is implemented with the help of a forward-facing camera.
- Night Vision: helps the driver with better visibility of the road in low light and dark conditions by using a camera feed and an IR illuminator.
- Blind Spot Detection: provides a visual and optionally auditory warning about obstacles present in the driver's rear-view blind spot using two short-range radars, which are fixed in the rear corners of the vehicle.
- Forward Collision Warning: makes use of a combination of mid-range RADAR as well as a front-facing camera to provide the driver with audio and visual warnings about an obstacle ahead that may collide with the vehicle.
* Level 1--Driver Assistance: these systems assist the driver in performing the driver's tasks by controlling a single specific driving function, but they leave the driver in complete control of the vehicle and require them to be alert at all times.
* Level 2--Partial Automation: it is similar to level 1 systems but provides additional automation in the form of combined automated intervention of various level 1 systems but requires the driver to be alert all the time.
* Level 3--Conditional Automation: these systems do not require the driver to be alert all the time, but the driver should be ready to take control of the vehicle at any time if the system determines that it cannot handle the situation and alerts the driver.
* Level 4--High Automation: This system is an extension of Level 3 automation, where the system can handle unknown situations based on its decision-making intelligencewithout the driver's intervention. It may still require a limited amount of driver intervention in certain conditions.
* Level 5--Full Automation: This level of automation is a scenario where the driver's intervention is never required for all scenarios. The system is fail-safe and fail-operational, i.e., it has the ability to handle unknown scenarios without the driver's intervention. The driver may still control the vehicle manually voluntarily ([PERSON] 2019).