## 4 Discussion  
The objective of this study was to assess the impact of rural streetscape enhancement on individuals' relaxation-arousal responses. This was achieved by measuring the cognitive stimulus responses obtained from the EEG in a virtual reality environment. Additionally, the study aimed to investigate the specific elements of streetscape modification that may have a beneficial effect. The findings of this study indicate that there were noticeable alterations in the subjective evaluation scale and \(\alpha/\beta\) values when participants were exposed to the rural streetscape. (1) Significant subjective cognitive differences existed between subjects' perceptions of current scenes and transformation scenes in the different groups. Furthermore, the transformation scenes exhibit enhancements in three subjective indices (\"Interest\", \"Comfort\", and \"Vitality\"). These findings suggest that the transformation scenes possess a greater capacity to elicit positive emotions. The transformation scenes were perceived as more aesthetically appealing in terms of overall perception, hence potentially eliciting more enjoyable and positive emotional responses. Based on the placement of the three subjective indexes on the two-dimensional emotion model, it was observed that the subjects' arousal responses in T1, T2, and T4 exhibited the most significant variation in their overall perception of the environment. Conversely, the subjects' relaxation responses in T3 and T5 constituted the predominant portion of their emotional experiences. (2) The multiple comparisons among T1-T5 confirmed our initial hypothesis that human relaxation levels were higher when exposed to the transformation scenes on the main street of the hamlet. (3) Through a longitudinal comparison of the Pz electrodes, we observe that the enhancement measures commonly implemented for the three categories of scenes primarily involved the augmentation of vegetation and the integration and synchronization of architectural facades along the street. The differences were the green area and the scale of the space the subjects were in. Neuropsychological research indicates that the parietal region of the brain is principally linked to spatial attention and spatial memory [40]. The Pz electrode in the parietal lobe exhibited a greater number of relaxation responses on T1. This implies that the augmentation of centralized green spaces and open spaces, as well as the integration of architectural components and shapes along the roadway, can potentially boost levels of visual attention and cognitive processing. Prior studies have demonstrated that the presence of plants in a street environment has a notable and favorable impact on several human emotions, such as feelings of comfort and vitality [41]. These findings align with the results of the present study. The Parietal zone Pz electrodes produced relaxation responses in both T2 and T3. These responses were characterized by the presence of various plant species, the creation of green parks, and the improvement of building facades as part of the remodeling process. Other studies have also demonstrated that a street scene that is more diverse and less fragmented leads to positive emotional experiences [16]. Furthermore, the observed variations in relaxation degree across the three groups further indicate that distinct street scales have an impact on individuals' pleasant moods, which is like previous research demonstrating that the scale of indoor spaces can elicit either good or negative physiological reactions in users [27]. Based on the longitudinal analysis of T8 electrodes inside the right temporal lobe region, both the second and fifth sets of scenes share a common characteristic in that they are situated at street intersection nodes. However, the restoration of the previous architectural form to the area is the most apparent visual alteration observed in the second set of scenes. This results in a cohesive and harmonized aesthetic along the facades of the street buildings.