## 3 Results and Discussion
### Higher Alcohol and Ester Analysis
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & & & & & & (a) & \\ \multirow{2}{*}{**Higher Alcohols**} & **RT** & \multirow{2}{*}{**Juice**} & **Day 2** & **Day 12** & **Day 22** & & \\  & **(min)** & & **Concentration** & **Concentration** & **Concentration** & **Odor Descriptor** & **PT (mg L\({}^{-1}\))** \\ \hline
1-butanol & 2.3 & 1.920 \(\pm\) 0.286 & 3.008 \(\pm\) 0.358 & 2.300 \(\pm\) 0.295 & 1.767 \(\pm\) 0.021 & Medicinal [b] & 150 [b] \\
1-pentanol [b] & 3.0 & 3.070 \(\pm\) 0.723 & 5.452 \(\pm\) 0.934 & 25.477 \(\pm\) 1.275 & 49.65 \(\pm\) 1.367 & Alcohol, fruity [c] & 0.030–45 [c] \\
1-hexanol & 6.6 & 40.533 \(\pm\) 6.665 & 92.153 \(\pm\) 1.417 & 53.733 \(\pm\) 3.387 & 49.433 \(\pm\) 1.037 & Flower, green [e] & 8 [d] \\
2-phenylethanol & 17.7 & - & - & 6.500 \(\pm\) 1.019 & 18.927 \(\pm\) 9.112 & Floral, rose [e] & 14 [d] \\ \hline
**Esters** & & & & & & & \\ \hline Ethyl butanoate & 4.3 & 0.028 \(\pm\) 0.017 & 0.039 \(\pm\) 0.008 & 0.038 \(\pm\) 0.006 & 0.031 \(\pm\) 0.002 & Fruity, sweet [e] & 0.4 [b] \\ Ethyl hexanoate & 12.3 & 0.031 \(\pm\) 0.018 & 0.027 \(\pm\) 0.007 & 0.050 \(\pm\) 0.001 & 0.224 \(\pm\) 0.021 & Fruity, apple [e] & 0.014 [d] \\ Hexyl acetate & 12.9 & - & - & 0.612 \(\pm\) 0.121 & 0.763 \(\pm\) 0.050 & Fruity, herb [e] & 0.67 [b] \\ Ethyl octanoate & 22.0 & - & 0.057 \(\pm\) 0.005 & 0.146 \(\pm\) 0.029 & 0.440 \(\pm\) 0.091 & Fruity, fatty [e] & 0.005 [d] \\ Ethyl decanoate & 30.8 & - & - & - & 0.044 \(\pm\) 0.013 & 0.170 \(\pm\) 0.094 & Fruity, grape [b] & 0.2 [b] \\  & & **Day 28** & **Day 40** & **Day 47** & **Day 135** & & \\ \multirow{2}{*}{**Higher Alcohols**} & **RT** & \multirow{2}{*}{**Concentration** [a]**} & **Concentration** & **Concentration** & **Concentration** & **Odor Descriptor** & **PT (mg L\({}^{-1}\))** \\
1-butanol & 2.3 & 2.030 \(\pm\) 0.135 & 1.953 \(\pm\) 0.132 & 2.870 \(\pm\) 0.305 & 0.930 \(\pm\) 0.268 & Medicinal [b] & 150 [b] \\
1-pentanol [b] & 3.0 & 57.923 \(\pm\) 1.207 & 57.350 \(\pm\) 1.084 & 71.967 \(\pm\) 2.764 & 75.452 \(\pm\) 7.844 & Alcohol, fruity [c] & 0.030–45 [c] \\
1-hexanol & 6.6 & 49.100 \(\pm\) 1.037 & 43.167 \(\pm\) 4.691 & 40.267 \(\pm\) 2.301 & 43.633 \(\pm\) 1.584 & Flower, green [e] & 8 [d] \\
2-phenylethanol & 17.7 & 21.670 \(\pm\) 4.229 & 17.000 \(\pm\) 6.318 & 22.700 \(\pm\) 6.239 & 22.857 \(\pm\) 19.067 & Floral, rose [e] & 14 [d] \\
**Esters** & & & & & & & \\ Ethyl butanoate & 4.3 & 0.021 \(\pm\) 0.011 & 0.012 \(\pm\) 0.002 & 0.013 \(\pm\) 0.003 & 0.020 \(\pm\) 0.003 & Fruity, sweet [e] & 0.4 [b] \\ Ethyl hexanoate & 12.3 & 0.218 \(\pm\) 0.078 & 0.157 \(\pm\) 0.025 & 0.149 \(\pm\) 0.034 & 0.270 \(\pm\) 0.028 & Fruity, apple [e] & 0.014 [d] \\ Hexyl acetate & 12.9 & 0.534 \(\pm\) 0.161 & 0.302 \(\pm\) 0.043 & 0.251 \(\pm\) 0.060 & 0.430 \(\pm\) 0.068 & Fruity, herb [e] & 0.67 [b] \\ Ethyl octanoate & 22.0 & 0.550 \(\pm\) 0.124 & 0.365 \(\pm\) 0.032 & 0.403 \(\pm\) 0.061 & 1.230 \(\pm\) 0.229 & Fruity, fatty [e] & 0.005 [d] \\ Ethyl decanoate & 30.8 & 2.39 \(\pm\) 0.018 & 0.069 \(\pm\) 0.001 & 0.079 \(\pm\) 0.023 & 0.270 \(\pm\) 0.102 & Fruity, grape [b] & 0.2 [b] \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}  
* All semi-quantified analyte concentrations are reported as \(\mp\) 1 \(\pm\) 1 s. \({}^{\rm b}\)[26] \({}^{\rm c}\) 1-pentanol (basalamic, fruity, PT = 0.47 mg L\({}^{-1}\)) covalently with 3-methyl-1-butanol (alcohol, PT = 45 mg L\({}^{-1}\)) and 2-methyl-1-butanol (banana, green, PT = 0.030 mg L\({}^{-1}\)) [24, 27, 28]. A sum of these three unresolved species is reported here. \({}^{\rm d}\)[29] \({}^{\rm e}\)[14].  
\end{table} 
Table 1: (a) Representative higher alcohol and ester concentrations (mg L\({}^{-1}\)) from pre-inoculation through racking. (b) Representative higher alcohol and ester concentrations (mg L\({}^{-1}\)) from racking to the end of maturation. Figure 4A depicts the ester development from juice to the end of maturation for the five esters described previously.