## 3 Results  
Quantitative assessment of _V. doniana_ and _P. macrophylla_ showed the presence of saponins, tannins, flavonoids, anthroquinones, and alkaloids, respectively. However, these phytochemicals were present at varying concentrations, and saponins were observed in higher measures than other constituents (Table 1). The quantities of secondary metabolites detected/quantified might have been predicated on the solvent of extraction, a position advanced on the premise that solvent polarity plays an integral role on the nature of phytochemical extracted. Nonetheless, ethanol served as the extraction solvent for the plant materials used for these studies due to the fact that locally brewed alcohol (ethanol) is used in folk practices for the preparations of the decoctions involving _V. doniana_ and _P. macrophylla_ administered in herbal remedies for disease conditions. Antibacterial susceptibility assay showed that _V. doniana_ inhibited the growth of the Gram-positive bacteria but not the Gram-negatives tested; inhibition zone diameters recorded against the type culture of _Staphylococcus aureus_ (ATCC 11775) and the clinical strain ranged from 15.5 \(\pm\) 2.12 to 7.0 \(\pm\) 0.0 (mm) against the leaf extracts and from 20.0 \(\pm\) 1.41 to 7.0 \(\pm\) 0.0 (mm) against the stem bark extracts (Table 2). Conversely, _P. macrophylla_ extracts showed activity against both Gram-positive and -negative test bacteria strains; leaf extract concentration of 50 mg/mL showed inhibition zone diameters (mm) of 20.0 \(\pm\) 1.41 (_S. aureus_ clinical strain), 18.5 \(\pm\) 0.71 (_P. aeruginosa_ clinical strain), 17.0 \(\pm\) 0 (_P. aeruginosa_ ATCC 10145), and 14.5 \(\pm\) 2.12 (_E. coli_ ATCC 11775), respectively. A similar pattern of activity was achieved with the stem bark extract, and the inhibition zone diameters ranged from 23.0 \(\pm\) 2.83 to 17.0 \(\pm\) 0 (mm) at 50 mg/mL (Table 2). Saponin extracts of both _V. doniana_ and _P. macrophylla_, respectively, exhibited activity across the divide of Gram status (Table 3). At 50 mg/mL, saponin extracted from _V. doniana_ yielded inhibition zone diameters (mm) of 20.0 \(\pm\) 1.41 (_E. coli_ clinical strain), 18.5 \(\pm\) 0.71 (_P. aeruginosa_ clinical strain), 17.0 \(\pm\) 0 (_E. coli_ ATCC 11775), and 13.0 \(\pm\) 1.41 (_S. aureus_ clinical strain), respectively, against the listed test bacteria. Similarly, the saponin extracts of _P. macrophylla_ showed activity against over 80% (5/6) of the test isolates, with inhibition zone diameters ranging from 18.5 \(\pm\) 0.71 against _P. aeruginosa_ to 10.5 \(\pm\) 0.71 against _S. aureus_ (both test bacteria are clinical strains). Consequently, saponin extracts from both _V. doniana_ and _P. macrophylla_, respectively, inhibited the growth of all bacterial strains tested, with the exception of _S. aureus_ ATCC 12600 (Table 3). The minimum inhibitory concentrations obtained from the results of the micro-broth dilution assay showed varying threshold concentrations for the growth inhibition of test bacteria; however, the MICs ranged from 0.12 to 0.78 (mg/mL), as is shown in Table 4. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Phyto-constituent**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{_Vitex doniana_} & _Pentaclethra macrophylla_ \\ \cline{2-5}  & **Leaves** & **Stem Bark** & **Leaves** & **Stem Bark** \\ \hline Tannins (CE/g) & 231 \(\pm\) 0.6 & 207 \(\pm\) 0.4 & 152 \(\pm\) 0.3 & 309 \(\pm\) 2.42 \\ Flavonoids (QE/g) & 0.21 \(\pm\) 0.01 & 0.39 \(\pm\) 0.05 & 0.41 \(\pm\) 0.06 & 69 \(\pm\) 1.33 \\ Anthroquinones (CE/g) & 23 \(\pm\) 0.21 & 19 \(\pm\) 0.11 & 27 \(\pm\) 0.21 & 55 \(\pm\) 1.71 \\ Alkaloids (\%) & 39 \(\pm\) 0.7 & 33 \(\pm\) 0.4 & 59 \(\pm\) 0.7 & 71 \(\pm\) 0.5 \\ Saponins (\%) & 54.2 \(\pm\) 0.58 & 81.2 \(\pm\) 0.29 & 61.2 \(\pm\) 0.17 & 87 \(\pm\) 3.4 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Quantitation of the phytochemical composition of ethanol extracts of _Vitex doniana_ and _Pentaclethra macrophylla_.