# Incorporating Drone and AI to Empower Smart Journalism via Optimizing a Propagation Model
## 4 Results and Discussion  
The simulation has considered 5G multiple-input and multiple-output (5G MIMO) antenna to improve diversity performance of the channel capacity, and thus enhance the reliability of wireless communication via the drone. Further, this consideration would not only contribute effectively to a heterogeneous connection, but also helps in reducing power consumption. Specification of the simulation using 5G MIMO are frequency band = 26 GHz, bandwidth = 20 MHz, Pt = 43 dBm, Gt with diversity = 22 dBi, Gt with diversity = 6 dBi, L = 3 dB, A = 10-70 m (5 m step), and \(\theta\) = 10\({}^{\circ}\). Clearly, this work considers a high frequency band onboard to give high-performance livestreaming, and multimedia transmission with a high level of data rate. This section provides a description and interpretation of the simulation results. Simulations have been done using MATLAB and 3D Remcom Wireless Insite tools. Figure 7 shows an aerial view of the simulation environment of Souq Okaz using the 3D Remcom Wireless Insite tool. In our simulation scenario, we have considered the 3D Remcom Wireless Insite tool to produce the initial predictions after entering the map of Souq Okaz. This consideration is based on real features, such as obstacles and other things that could affect signal propagation in different forms (e.g., multipath, shading, reflections, or scattering). This in turn would help the proposed NN-RBFN framework to operate under real conditions. The 3D Remcom Wireless Insite tool took about 41 min to attempt all altitudes from 10 m to 70 m (5 m step) across the five models and provide initial predictions of PL, RSS, SINR, Th, and R. Moreover, the obtained predictions were divided into three matrices for training, test, and validation datasets. To note, as the color moves towards the orange, that means the RSS gets lower, which can be translated as \(-\)70 dBm and above. Clearly, the overall RSS are green, which refer to a good level of RSS. Figure 8 shows the tuning of simulation and tuning parameters using 3D Remcom Wireless Insite tool. To note, eNodeB refers to the transmitter side, which represents the drone in our scenario; while UE refers to ground device or user, which represents the receiver side. Figure 6: Aerial photo of Souq Okaz at Taif city. Figure 8: Simulation setup using 3D Remcom Wireless Insite tool. Figure 7: Simulation environment of Souq Okaz using 3D Remcom Wireless Insite tool. Figures 9-11 show the predicted results of the PL, RSS, SINR, Th, and R of the five models, where M1, M2, M3, M4, and M5 are acronyms that refer to ITU-R P.529-3 model, Hata-Davidson model, Okumura model, ATG model, and Two-Ray model, respectively. To note, all the predictions in Figures 9-11 are considered at an altitude of 30 m based on the optimization step, where predictions have given best results at that altitude on real features of Souq Okaz. Figure 9 illustrates the RSS predicted results of the five models. As can be seen, the RSS mathematically depends on path loss, so predicted results have similar characteristics of predicting path loss. This parameter is seen as a vital element to monitor channel model performance and coverage range, so wireless signals get weaker as the receiver moves away from the transmitter (the drone in our case). All the five models across various altitudes have produced RSS within the acceptable range and below the threshold, which is 83 dBm, at 1 km coverage footprint. Clearly, these models vary in performance due to their correction factors. Another observation is that RSS rises with distance and/or geomorphology because of multipath. Near large obstacles, e.g., castle, in areas, different models show a clear effect of shadowing and reflection of signals, which is an added supplementary path loss and RSS value as distance is increasing. To enhance the RSS, various parameters such as altitude or transmission power should be increased. However, this could reduce the flight time by 31%. Thus, compromise should be applied.