## Materials and Methods
The data provided in Figure 2 shows the daily averaged (from 30-minute measurements) soil Volumetric Water Content (VWC), taken at a depth of 10 cm using a Time-domain Transmission probe. As expected, the Eastern site (Redmere) held the lowest VWC value 14.8% (2 September 2016) with a range of 26.6%, whilst the Western site (Tadham Moor) had a significantly larger VWC--49.5% (1 August 2016)--and a range of 33.9%, Figure 2. Therefore, some degree of surface deformation was expected in all study sites where clay soils, or soils which have significant volume change potential, are present. The Bristol and Bath study sites both have had an extensive history of coal mining dating back to 1223 (Bristol, 2017), as well as mineral mining which can be dated back further to 2000 years. Due to high likelihood of surface deformation, a previous PSI investigation using ERS and ENVISAT data has been undertaken over Bristol and Bath (Bristol, 2017) and despite the historic mining activity, compressible alluvium, and shrink swell soils being present, no surface deformation was observed using PSI in this study. This present study measures recent surface deformations over Bristol and Bath using Sentinel 1 data. However, our results can be compared with previous DinSAR investigations in the area, offering continuity of surface deformation data between previous and current satellite missions. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Study Site (Western or Eastern Area)** & **Area** & **Length of Minor** & **Length of Major** & **Length of** & **Historic Mining** & **Urban Coverage** \\
**or Eastern Area)** & **(km2)** & **Roads (km)** & **Roads (km)** & **Railways (km)** & **Present?** & **Density** \\ \hline Bristol (W) & 118 & 817 & 108 & 34 & Yes & Mostly Urban \\ Bath (W) & 165 & 265 & 76 & 31 & Yes & Urban/Rural \\ Bournemouth (W) & 284 & 1207 & 126 & 22 & No & Mostly Urban \\ Grantham (E) & 688 & 837 & 149 & 71 & No & Semi-Rural \\ Peterborough (E) & 539 & 907 & 144 & 55 & No & Urban/Rural \\ Kings Lynn (E) & 585 & 1261 & 190 & 130 & No & Semi-Rural \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Study area characteristics and infrastructure lengths for the study sites. The other sites were selected based on the high potential for infrastructure responses to shrink swell cycles of soil. Sites selected in Eastern England have the highest shrink-swell potential of soils in England, based on the largest annual Soil Moisture Deficit (SMD) [25]. [PERSON], [PERSON] et al. [25] notes that Eastern England has the highest SMD rates in the country, calculated from the daily precipitation, evapotranspiration and drainage of the soil, and describes the amount of water needed for the soil to return to field capacity (in mm). Furthermore, we include the response of railways to peat soils deformation in the Peterborough area, which is of importance given the significant peat wastage rates described in [26]. The predominant land use in Eastern England sites is agriculture. Bournemouth has been selected as a control site, with freely and quickly draining bedrock lithology (of chalk and gravels) and Podzolic soils which are not prone to soil deformation. To our knowledge, Bournemouth, Kings Lynn, Peterborough and Grantham have not been included in any previous PSI investigations. The sites selected all have different urban densities, which help in understanding the effectiveness of PSI for monitoring infrastructure across a range of landscapes. The study areas of Bristol and Bournemouth have the most-dense urban fabric, whilst Bath and Peterborough contain a mix of rural and urban areas. Grantham and Kings Lynn are mostly a rural (agricultural) landscape, with pockets of dense settlements allowing for the PSI process to be undertaken. A description of the lengths of infrastructure, study area extent, and a description of urban coverage is provided in Table 3.