# Applied Engineering Using Schumann Resonance for Earthquakes Monitoring
## Materials and Methods
### Worldwide Map of ELF Observatories and Seismic Events
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**ID (Reference)** & **Name** & **Country** & **Lat (\({}^{\circ}\)N)** & **Long (\({}^{\circ}\)E)** & **Range (km)** & **Year** \\ \hline HAS-(ARC) [68] & Hoursund & Arctic Pole & 77.8 & 20.7 & 500 & 2000 \\ KS(R) [69] & Kola & Russia & 68.8 & 34.5 & 7500 & 1999 \\ ES-(SW) [70] & Esrange & Sweden & 67.9 & 21.0 & 500 & 2000 \\ FS-(USA) [71] & Fairbanks & USA & 64.8 & \(-\)147.7 & 4000 & 1987 \\ LS-(R) [72] & Letha & Russia & 64.4 & 33.9 & 1000 & 2007 \\ GS-(R) [73] & Gakona & Russia & 62.7 & \(-\)143.9 & 5600 & 2012 \\ BS-(PO) [74] & Belsk & Poland & 51.8 & 20.7 & 550 & 1999 \\ NS-(H) [75] & Nagycenk & Hungryr & 47.6 & 16.7 & 4400 & 2006 \\ MS-(J) [57] & Moshiri & Japan & 44.4 & 142.2 & 6000 & 1998 \\ HYS-(PO) [76] & Hylaty & Poland & 42.2 & 22.5 & 320 & 1994 \\ RIS(USA) [75] & R. Island & USA & 41.7 & \(-\)71.6 & 4466 & 2007 \\ SS-(T) [77] & Sorköy & Turkey & 40.8 & 27.1 & 500 & 2007 \\ CAS-(SP) [60] & Calar Alto & Spain & 37.1 & \(-\)2.6 & 500 & 2012 \\ HS-(USA) [75] & Hollister & USA & 36.8 & \(-\)121.5 & 1500 & 1995 \\ KO-(D) [78] & Kakioka & Japan & 36.2 & 140.2 & 300 & 2006 \\ TO-(D) [75] & Tottori & Japan & 35.5 & 134.2 & 100 & 1973 \\ NO-(D) [48] & Nakatsugawa & Japan & 35.4 & 137.5 & 100 & 2000 \\ US-(J) [78] & Uchiura & Japan & 35.1 & 140.2 & 420 & 2012 \\ ISO-(D) [79] & Ibaraki & Japan & 34.8 & 135.6 & 200 & 1999 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Worldwide ELF (Extremely Low Frequency) Sensors. In order to build the worldwide map of seismic events, records were used from the Significant Earthquake Database of National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), containing information on destructive earthquakes from 2150 B.C. to the present day. All of the featured earthquakes meet at least one of the following: Moderate damage (at least 1 million dollars), 10 or more casualties, Magnitude 7.5 or greater, or the earthquake generated a tsunami [78]. More than 1400 earthquakes have been represented in this work, also considering those with tsunami associated. These particular earthquakes that are accompanied with tsunami occurrence were selected among all others due to the fact that these events have produced huge disasters throughout the history. Thus, their detection is of great interest. The presentation of other earthquakes in the map would have made it much complex and difficult to read due to the high number of seismic events that have occurred in the considered period of time (the last two centuries). They wouldn't add relevant information as well, since the seismic zones are still active. The previous data was laid out over a map, displaying recent seismic events of interest and the stations indicated in Table 1, with their corresponding detection range (as set by relevant literature). Figure 5 shows the final results. It is worth mentioning that annually, there are about one million earthquakes of M = 2.0 [83]. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline
**ID (Reference)** & **Name** & **Country** & **Lat (\({}^{\circ}\)N)** & **Long (\({}^{\circ}\)E)** & **Range (km)** & **Year** \\ \hline OTS-(D) [49] & O. Tsushima & Japan & 34.6 & 129.4 & 1000 & 1998 \\ KAO-(R) [50] & Kamchatka & Russia & 32.9 & 158.2 & 50 & 2001 \\ NS-(IS) [75] & Negev & Israel & 30.6 & 35.0 & 660 & 1998 \\ MS-(MX) [80] & Mexico & Mexico & 19.8 & \(-\)101.7 & 500 & 2014 \\ AS-(IND) [81] & Allahabad & India & 16.1 & 81.7 & 4000 & 2007 \\ BAS-(ANT) [82] & Bellinshausen & Antarctic Pole & \(-\)62.2 & \(-\)59.0 & 1625 & 2007 \\ SPS-(ANT) [75] & South Pole & Antarctic Pole & \(-\)89.0 & 134.0 & 4000 & 1997 \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: _Cont._  
Figure 5: Tsunami risk alerts worldwide through ELF Sensors. The WinkelTripel projection has been used to build the map. The name Tripel (German for \"triple\") is a reference to [PERSON]'s goal of reducing three kinds of distortion: area, direction, and distance. The WinkelTripel has the smallest skewness, so it is suited for mapping the entire world [84].