# Aging-Friendly Design Research: Knowledge Graph Construction for Elderly Advantage Applications
## 4 \"Elderly Advantages Knowledge Graph\" Construction
### Elderly Advantages and Design Application Case Studies
#### 4.1.2 Data Survey  
* User Behavior Survey  
According to [PERSON]'s classic theory, five participants are typically sufficient to identify 85% of the issues that emerge during the usage process in qualitative research [30]. The researchers observed the subway travel behavior of elderly individuals at a subway station in Wuhan, collected behavioral data, and organized the elderly individuals' subway travel process (Figure 8). * User Needs Survey  
Based on the elderly subway travel process, the researchers expanded the scope of this study. The researchers conducted unstructured interviews with elderly individuals across eight subway stations in Wuhan, involving 72 participants in total. During the interviews, the researchers appropriately guided the interviewees to reflect on their past experiences. This approach enriched the data related to their needs and enhanced the validity of the collected content. Table 3 presents a summary of the basic information of the interviewees, which can be incorporated into the knowledge graph as user attributes. Age classification was performed according to the general standards of the WHO, with 73 years old serving as the dividing line. Finally, all data were organized into SPO triples, with the following serving as an example: <user 1, age attribute, 65-73>. Figure 8: Subway travel process for the elderly. * Elderly Advantages Survey  
We employed the interview method to investigate elderly advantages. The target group comprised 72 elderly individuals aged 65 to 85, all of whom had independent mobility. The average interview duration was between 10 and 15 min. Raw data were collected through text and audio recordings obtained with the participants' consent. We adopted the ROPES (Resources, Opportunities, Possibilities, Exceptions, and Solutions) interview framework from strengths perspective theory [31], with resources, opportunities, and possibilities serving as the primary interview topics for exploring advantages. The interview outline and content are shown in Table 4.  
* Summary of research data  
The user journey map is a crucial tool in service design, providing a visual representation of users' experiences, subjective reactions, and emotions during their interactions with a product or service. This map enables designers to gain insights into user needs and expectations from the user's perspective [32]. In this study, redundant data were removed, and all collected user behavior data were summarized to create a user journey map. By analyzing the users' pain points and satisfaction in combination with the interview contents, we derived the needs of elderly users in subway travel. We also compared available options during the users' travel processes and, based on the interview results, pinpointed elderly advantages, categorizing them into capabilities and resources. The specific details are shown in Figure 9. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**ROPES**} & **Contents of the Assessment** & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Example Problem**} \\  & **Assessment** & **(Using Route Planning as An Example)** \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Resources} & Individuals and families & What are some methods of route planning? \\  & Community involvement & What kinds of people are available to help? \\  & Social context & What tools are available? \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Opportunities} & Present focus & How do you do route planning in your life? \\  & Emphasis on choice & What methods have not been tried? \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Possibilities} & Future focus & How would you like to carry out route planning in the future? \\  & Creativity & How can these goals be realized? \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: ROPES advantage evaluation framework (partial).