# Computational Flow Dynamic Analysis in Left Atrial Appendage Thrombus Formation Risk: A Review
## 2 CFD Simulation for Thrombs Formation Risk
### Works Selection
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Ref** & **Number of** & **Population** & **Summary** & **Outcomes Measured** \\ \hline
[35] & 4 & AF & A computational fluid dynamics approach is used to study the relationship between the shape of the LAA and the risk of thrombotic events. The “cauilflower” morphology is associated with a higher risk of thrombosis. & \(\bullet\) & Velocity \\ \hline
[36] & 4 & Non-valvular AF & The correlation between LAA morphological features and computational fluid dynamics analysis for non-valvular AF patients is studied. It finds that there is a hunger system, reduced motility for the callflower and cactus shapes, and lower velocity values from the CFD analysis. & \(\bullet\) & Location fluid dynamics. \\ \hline
[37] & 6 & & Computational fluid dynamics is used to study how LA anatomy and function impact LA and LAA hemodynamics. It found that the blood inside the LAA and patients with a history of transient ischemic attacks had marked alterations in residence time and kinetic energy. The LA conduit, reservoir, and booster functions distinctly affect LA and LAA hemodynamics. Fixed-wall and moving-wall simulations produced different LA hemodynamic and residence time predictions for each patient, with fixed-wall simulations risk-stratifying the cohort worse than moving-wall simulations. & \(\bullet\) & Location fluid dynamics. \\ \hline
[38] & — & Healthy and AF & Investigation of the effect of the changes in contractility and shape occurring in AF patients on the local hemodynamics that establishes into the LA appendage. & The essential role of the LAA wall contractility on the factors that may promote the formation thrombus and consequent ischemic complications \\ \hline
[39] & 20 & & Differences in morphological and hemodynamic parameters between AF patients with and without a stroke history of stroke. & \(\bullet\) & Location fluid dynamics. \\ \hline
[3] & 2 & AF patients with and without a history of stroke. & The residual burden in LAA was significantly smaller in the stroke group than in the non-stroke group. The residual particle ratio within LAA was considerably smaller in the stroke groups than in the non-stroke group. These parameters may be additional risk factors that can be used to better risk stratify gradients. & \(\bullet\) & Location fluid dynamics. \\ \hline
[3] & 2 & AF & CFD simulation framework for predicting treatment outcomes of LAA closure with atrial fibrillation is discussed. The CFD simulations with AF flow boundary conditions were performed to analyze flow characteristics within the LAp before and after LAA closure. The framework utilizes automated L/LAA images segmentation to reduce image processing. Results showed that the flow velocity magnitudes were significantly reduced by a maximum factor of 2.21, flow streamlines were considerably stabilized, and mitral regurgitation was reduced. & \(\bullet\) & Characteristics of this procedure. \\ \hline
[40] & 4 & & The hemodynamics of the left atrium, highlighting differences between healthy individuals and patients affected by atrial fibrillation, were analyzed. It uses patient-specific geometries of the left atria to simulate blood flow dynamics and introduces a novel procedure to compute the boundary data for the 3D hemodynamic simulations. It evaluates several fluid dynamics indicators for atrial hemodynamics and investigates the impact of geometric and clinical characteristics on the risk of thrombosis. & \(\bullet\) & \(\bullet\) \\ \hline
[41] & — & — & The LAA acquired configurations found after manipulation of device settings in the VIDAA platform were linked to a reduced risk of thrombus formation outside the implanted device, according to a qualitative analysis of blood flow streamlines and Endothelial Cell Activation Potential maps. & \(\bullet\) & \(\bullet\) \\ \hline
[42] & 4 & AF & The main goal of this work was to perform patient-specific hemodynamics simulations of the LA and LAA and jointly analyze the resulting blood flow configuration & LAA morphological descriptors such as costum characteristics and pulmonary configuration \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}