## 3 Results and Discussion  
The scaled model of the turbine is towed in the fluid at a specific range of flow speeds. Various sensors are utilized to gather comprehensive data during the towing process. These sensors include current and voltage sensors, which measure the electrical power generated by the scaled model of the turbine, a torque sensor to capture the rotational force applied to the scaled model, and temperature and humidity sensors for security purposes within the system. However, one might observe that a restriction exists in the testing facility which primarily comes from the length limitation of the towing tank. This may result in the turbine not having sufficient time to reach the chosen steady-state speed condition during the towing process, mainly due to this restriction. We apply a specific approach in order to overcome this towing tank restriction and ensure that our scaled model operates at the determinated speed during the towing tests. The PMDC motor serving as the prime actuator is initially powered to reach the steady-state speed before the carriage initiates towing of the turbine model. After reaching the steady-state speed, the carriage initiates towing the turbine model at the designated speed. The power consumption of the PMDC motor fluctuates in response to the dynamic force exerted by towing the turbine through the fluid throughout the towing process. The variation in power consumption observed by the PMDC motor from its initial steady-state operation to the towing stage characterizes the distinct energy exerted by inflow [62]. The dynamic energy is captured by the hydrokinetic turbine propeller and transformed into rotational kinetic energy [63]. Figure 5 presents the rotational speed of the PMDC motor, measured consistently at 500 rpm, while the system is towed at a speed of 6 feet per second. The plotted data, shown over time, reveal \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l} \hline \hline
**Blade Properties** & \\ \hline Rotor diameter & 0.25 m \\ Number of blades & 3 \\ Airfoil & FX-77-W \\ Material & Stratasys ABS-Based Carbon Fiber Filament \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: Blade properties of the scaled model under towing tank test conditions. Figure 4: Hydrokinetic scaled model turbine testing with essential operational components for performance evaluation. remarkably stable performance of the motor throughout the towing operation. The black line in the graph, which represents the rotational speed, remains mostly flat, indicating minimal fluctuation around the 500 rpm mark. A closer inspection of the data shows that the rotational speed exhibits a deviation of 5 rpm, underscoring the motor's consistency and reliability. This stability is crucial for applications requiring the precise control of rotational speed under varying load conditions. This consistent performance can be attributed to the motor's design and the control system's effectiveness in maintaining a steady rotational speed despite potential external disturbances. This characteristic is particularly important for our application, where maintaining a constant speed is essential for operational efficiency determination. Figure 6 displays a graph depicting the electrical current waveform recorded at a towing velocity of 6 ft/s over time. As the hydrokinetic turbine model is propelled through the fluid flow at this velocity, the motor current waveform reveals explicit characteristics throughout the towing process. A prominent feature of the waveform is the observed decrease in motor current values during the towing process. This decline can be attributed to the dynamic energy supplied by the water flow. As the water streams across the turbine propeller blades, it transfers energy to the turbine, inducing rotation and facilitating power generation. The hydrokinetic turbine effectively harvests this dynamic energy, converting it into rotational motor energy. Analyzing the data, we observe a significant reduction in motor current from an initial peak value of 2.71 amps to a steady-state value of 1.39 amps.