## 1 Introduction  
The digital transformation of the logistics industry, catalyzed by the pervasive application of IoT technology [1], has prompted swift evolutions within logistics companies, further conferring substantial benefits upon society [2]. However, concomitant with the development of the logistics industry, particularly in the realms of information privacy and security [3], escalating challenges pertaining to identity disclosure are encountered. For example, personnel within a logistics company exploited vulnerabilities in the organization's internal infrastructure to illicitly acquire and disseminate approximately 1.2 million units of civilian identity data, encompassing usernames, mobile numbers, domiciliary addresses, and other confidential particulars [4]. The reality is that logistics enterprises demonstrate inadequate data stewardship coupled with a glaring deficiency in identity management protocols and employees can easily obtain user data, which further exacerbates the risk of logistics privacy leaks. The proliferation of privacy infractions related to logistics identities has precipitated a myriad of proposed solutions to counter criminal activities engendered by these violations, which can be categorized into three predominant kinds: hiding critical information, decentralized storage, and digital identity. Hiding critical information is fundamentally a data desensitization technique, where sensitive data is substituted with arbitrary characters or symbols, thereby diminishing the risk of privacy breaches. Schemes [5; 6; 7; 8] utilize hiding critical information, and the customer's personal and logistics information is encapsulated in the QR code. However, the main limitation of hiding critical information is that the data are still stored in plaintext in the company database, which intensifies the susceptibility to breaches of user identity privacy. Decentralized storage employs distributed computing technology to mitigate the propensity for dataset vulnerabilities. Conventional logistics architectures, characterized by centralized data repositories, are inherently susceptible to data manipulation and vulnerable to single-point incursions, as delineated in [9]. Decentralized storage paradigms attenuate the perils concomitant with data centralization inherent in conventional logistics frameworks. Some schemes [10; 11; 12; 13; 14] advocate for the decentralization of data storage to bolster the security of distributed networks. Nonetheless, the salient limitation of decentralized storage is that it entails a logistics firm superfluously accumulating identity particulars, which are subsequently warehoused in the database, thereby amplifying both the likelihood and detrimental impact of informational breaches. Digital identity directly instantiates an identity management system on the blockchain, which enables users to exercise personal control over and maintain the logistics account particulars. Blockchain and privacy protection solutions are applied in more fields. According to a recent study on blockchain technology for smart grid applications, blockchain can be used to improve the security and efficiency of smart systems, and it has the potential to optimize energy management systems [15]. The adoption of IoT technology can improve the efficiency of energy distribution and enable real-time monitoring [16]. In a report investigating technical approaches to address privacy concerns associated with connected vehicle systems, a novel measurement scheme was proposed for collecting aggregate OD flow data without compromising the privacy of the motorists' identity [17]. Moreover, digital identity obviates the requirement for users to divulge extraneous data particulars, thereby attenuating the risk of identity information leakage and circumventing the limitations inherent in the preceding two kinds of solutions. Consequently, digital identity is incrementally gaining widespread adoption within the domain of privacy safeguarding.