## 3 Results
### Anthropometric Measurements, Biochemical Analysis, and MetS
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Women (\(n\) = 170)**} & & & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Men (\(n\) = 120)**} & \\ \cline{2-9}
**Variable** & & \begin{tabular}{c} **MetS 3** \\ **(\(n\) = 119)** \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} **MetS 4** \\ **(\(n\) = 33)** \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} **MetS 5** \\ **(\(n\) = 18)** \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} **\(p\)-Value** \\ **(\(n\) = 71)** \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} **MetS 4** \\ **(\(n\) = 37)** \\ \end{tabular} & \
\begin{tabular}{c} **MetS 5** \\ **(\(n\) = 12)** \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} **\(p\)-Value** \\ **(\(n\) = 12)** \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline Tea & 6.3 \(\pm\) 1.1 & 6.5 \(\pm\) 1.6 & 6.3 \(\pm\) 1.5 & 0.849 & 6.2 \(\pm\) 1.5 & 6.9 \(\pm\) 1.3 & 5.5 \(\pm\) 1.1 & 0.516 \\ Coffee & 5.4 \(\pm\) 1.5 & 4.8 \(\pm\) 1.5 & 5.2 \(\pm\) 1.9 & 0.302 & 4.8 \(\pm\) 1.0 & 3.9 \(\pm\) 0.9 & 4.1 \(\pm\) 1.2 & 0.174 \\ Milk & 3.8 \(\pm\) 1.9 & 3.2 \(\pm\) 1.0 & 3.9 \(\pm\) 1.1 & 0.524 & 3.2 \(\pm\) 0.8 & 3.6 \(\pm\) 0.7 & 1.9 \(\pm\) 0.2 & 0.199 \\ Natural fermented milk drinks & 3.6 \(\pm\) 1.3 & 3.9 \(\pm\) 1.2 & 4.6 \(\pm\) 1.1 & 0.238 & 3.5 \(\pm\) 0.9 & 3.7 \(\pm\) 0.7 & 2.9 \(\pm\) 0.4 & 0.662 \\ Flavoured fermented milk drinks & 1.1 \(\pm\) 0.5 & 0.6 \(\pm\) 0.2 & 0.9 \(\pm\) 0.4 & 0.275 & 0.7 \(\pm\) 0.4 & 0.5 \(\pm\) 0.2 & 0.8 \(\pm\) 0.4 & 0.824 \\ Carbonated mineral water & 2.0 \(\pm\) 0.6 & 1.9 \(\pm\) 0.3 & 2.1 \(\pm\) 0.4 & 0.964 & 3.6 \(\pm\) 0.7 & 3.5 \(\pm\) 0.8 & 3.3 \(\pm\) 0.6 & 0.986 \\ Non-carbonated mineral water & 5.8 \(\pm\) 1.2 & 5.2 \(\pm\) 1.5 & 2.9 \(\pm\) 1.7 & 0.313 & 4.8 \(\pm\) 1.6 & 4.9 \(\pm\) 1.7 & 5.5 \(\pm\) 1.4 & 0.811 \\ Fruit juices & 1.6 \(\pm\) 0.3 & 1.4 \(\pm\) 0.3 & 1.8 \(\pm\) 0.5 & 0.814 & 1.4 \(\pm\) 0.1 & 1.6 \(\pm\) 0.3 & 1.1 \(\pm\) 0.6 & 0.618 \\ Vegetable juices & 0.9 \(\pm\) 0.3 & 1.0 \(\pm\) 0.4 & 1.4 \(\pm\) 0.6 & 0.481 & 0.6 \(\pm\) 0.2 & 1.4 \(\pm\) 0.3 & 0.7 \(\pm\) 0.4 & 0.580 \\ Fruit and vegetable juices & 1.6 \(\pm\) 0.3 & 1.4 \(\pm\) 0.4 & 1.8 \(\pm\) 0.5 & 0.653 & 1.4 \(\pm\) 0.3 & 1.9 \(\pm\) 0.5 & 2.3 \(\pm\) 0.6 & 0.036 \\ Fruit nects & 0.5 \(\pm\) 0.2 & 0.5 \(\pm\) 0.3 & 0.2 \(\pm\) 0.1 & 0.823 & 0.4 \(\pm\) 0.2 & 0.6 \(\pm\) 0.3 & 0.2 \(\pm\) 0.1 & 0.517 \\ Non-carbonated fruit drinks & 0.6 \(\pm\) 0.4 & 0.3 \(\pm\) 0.1 & 0.2 \(\pm\) 0.1 & 0.552 & 0.3 \(\pm\) 0.1 & 0.7 \(\pm\) 0.4 & 1.1 \(\pm\) 0.7 & 0.316 \\ Sweetened carbonated drinks & 0.4 \(\pm\) 0.2 & 0.5 \(\pm\) 0.3 & 0.2 \(\pm\) 0.1 & 0.795 & 1.0 \(\pm\) 0.5 & 1.1 \(\pm\) 0.7 & 0.7 \(\pm\) 0.4 & 0.239 \\ Tea drinks & 1.3 \(\pm\) 0.1 & 1.8 \(\pm\) 0.3 & 1.2 \(\pm\) 0.1 & 0.048 & 0.6 \(\pm\) 0.4 & 0.5 \(\pm\) 0.2 & 0.3 \(\pm\) 0.2 & 0.930 \\ Cola drinks & 0.8 \(\pm\) 0.3 & 1.3 \(\pm\) 0.4 & 0.9 \(\pm\) 0.3 & 0.092 & 2.0 \(\pm\) 0.6 & 1.0 \(\pm\) 0.5 & 3.0 \(\pm\) 0.9 & 0.114 \\ Energy drinks & 0.2 \(\pm\) 0.1 & 0.3 \(\pm\) 0.1 & 0.2 \(\pm\) 0.1 & 0.402 & 0.7 \(\pm\) 0.4 & 0.3 \(\pm\) 0.1 & 0.6 \(\pm\) 0.3 & 0.608 \\ Isotonic drinks & 0.2 \(\pm\) 0.1 & 0.2 \(\pm\) 0.1 & 0.2 \(\pm\) 0.1 & 0.592 & 0.9 \(\pm\) 0.3 & 0.5 \(\pm\) 0.2 & 0.8 \(\pm\) 0.3 & 0.207 \\ \hline Dietary patterns (\%) & & & & & & & & \\ ProHealthy & 49 & 39 & 44 & & 24 & 30 & 17 & \\ High Sweet & 6 & 9 & 0 & 0.856 & 23 & 22 & 33 & 0.758 \\ Prudent & 19 & 21 & 22 & & 23 & 27 & 17 & \\ Low Sweet & 26 & 31 & 34 & & 30 & 21 & 33 & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}  
* MetS, metabolic syndrome; \(p\)-value, the Kruskal–Wallis test; significant difference \(p\)\(\leq\) 0.05.  
\end{table} 
Table 2: Frequency of consumption of selected non-alcoholic beverages and dietary patterns by sex and MetS components. analyses also revealed significant differences between women and men for the following parameters: HGS (\(p<0.001\)), TBW (\(p<0.001\)), HCT (\(p=0.001\)), uric acid (\(p<0.001\)), creatinine (\(p<0.001\)), and urea (\(p=0.014\)) with three MetS components.