# Automatic Creation of Heuristic-Based Truck Movement Paths for Construction Equipment Control
## 3 Construction Equipment (Truck) Movement Path Creation
### How to Create an Optimal Temporary Road in the Field
The calculation method is used by calculating the distance between the center coordinates of the cell where the structure is located at the center coordinates of each cell around the current cell. 5. Distance to the source of civil complaints: DC  
If there is an existing structure or building near the site, there is a possibility of complaints due to noise and vibration. Therefore, in order to minimize the occurrence of civil complaints, it is preferrable if the location of the temporary road is separated from the source of civil complaints, so that the standards stipulated by law can be satisfied. In this study, the calculation formula for predicting the noise and vibration generated during construction used the criteria suggested by the National Institute of Environmental Sciences, which is as follows:  
\[SPL_{t}=10\log\left(\sum_{i=1}^{n}10^{\frac{SP_{t}}{10}}\right),\hskip 28.452756 pt SPL_{1}=SPL_{0}-20\text{Log}\frac{r}{r_{0}} \tag{2}\]  
\(SPL_{t}\): Composite noise level of input equipment (dB(A));  
\(SPL_{t}\): Individual noise level of input equipment (dB(A));  
\(SPL_{1}\): Equipment noise level at the predicted point (dB(A));  
\(SPL_{0}\): Noise level (dB(A)) at a certain distance (7.5 m, 15 m) from the noise source;  
\(r\): Distance from the noise source to the predicted point;  
\(r_{0}\): Distance from the noise source to the reference measurement point. During construction, 65 dB(A) was applied as the standard for living noise and 65 dB(V) was applied for the standard for living vibration. According to the results predicting the noise and vibration for each separation distance, in the case of excavators, trucks, and dozens, when noise standards are satisfied, vibration standards are automatically satisfied, so only the noise standards are reflected in the cost. In the case of the target truck of this study, it was suggested that 65 dB, which is the standard value, can be generated at an 85 m separation distance when two vehicles alternate; a cost estimation table was prepared based on this. The cost model reflecting the above factors is as follows. The weight of each item was determined based on a questionnaire by experts, and detailed score assignment methods are mentioned in Table 3.  
\[\text{Moving Cost}=0.42\text{DE}+0.14\text{WV}+0.12\text{G}+0.15\text{DS}+0.1 7\text{DC} \tag{3}\] \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**Element** & **Case** & **Cost** \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{**DE**} & Max distance (MaxDE) from surrounding cells of the current cell to the & 1 \\  & & end cell \\  & & Others & _Distance from a selected cell to the end cell_ \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{**WV**} & Cut & Max cut volume (MCV) among surrounding cells & 1 \\  & & Others & _Cut volume of a selected cell_ \\ \cline{2-3}  & & _MCV_ \\ \cline{2-3}  & & (Max fill volume (MFV) among surrounding cells] \(\times\) & \\  & Fill & (1/C) & 1 \\  & & C: Soil shrink factor & \\  & & Others & _Fill volume of a selected cell_ \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{**WV**} & Max mixed volume (MMV) among surrounding cells & _MFV_ \\ \cline{2-3}  & Cut + Fill & Mixed volume = & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & \(\mid\)Cut vol—[Fill vol \(\times\)(1/C)] \(\mid\) & 1 \\ \cline{1-1}  & & C: Soil shrink factor & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & Others & _Mix volume of a selected cell_ \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{2-3}  & & _MMV_ \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Cost accounting by elements of the moving cost model. Some positional changes may occur in the initial temporary roads under the following circumstances. In these cases, temporary roads are re-established and limited to the section that needs to be changed:  
1. When the location of the entry/exit in the site is changed;
2. When the length of the temporary road can be shortened because the site is newly accommodated;
3. When the contract for the leased site has expired and the site cannot be used;
4. When the construction of the structure is completed and there is no need to enter the area;
5. In case the position of the temporary road needs to be adjusted due to a civil complaint;
6.