According to previous psychological studies, the issues above may be solved by using a free sensory channel liking tactile sense, for example, the multiple resource model of human information processing predicts no performance degradation when independent resources or information channels are used to present information (e.g., refer to [9; 10]). The advantage of touch is it neither blocks the visual nor the auditory sense [11]. Employing a tactile channel may release other heavily loaded sensory channels, therefore potentially providing a major safety enhancement [12]. Due to the convenience and real-timeliness for changing the pattern of tactile stimulation, vibratory stimuli have been widely adopted in haptic displays. Recently, favourable effects of vibrotactile displays on navigation performance, situational awareness, and workload reduction have been shown in many application, such as vehicle driving, guiding blind people, and particularly in the high workload group [13; 14; 15; 16; 17]. To date, very few studies have examined the implementation of vibrotactile displays for conveying flight attitude information of aircraft. The flight attitude is an important parameter for pilots to maintain their awareness of situation of aircraft [3; 18]. During the flight, the pilots should ascertain within about five degrees of pitch and roll information of aircraft. It is required that the vibrotactile display provide multiple tactile patterns to the pilots [3]. The TSAS (tactile situation awareness system) consisted of 8 \(\times\) 5 matrices of pneumatic factors, developed by [PERSON] and colleagues is perhaps the most fully implemented and tested system. The resolution of encoding flight attitude for this TSAS is high, at about five degrees in fine flight [3]. In their coding methods, vibrotactile patterns with different vibration intensity were employed to cue precise angle information. However, coding methods with intensity did not produce intuitive vibrotactile patterns mapping corresponding angles, and need long periods of training to master the vibrotactile commands conveyed by the TSAS in practice. The coding strategies for these vibrotactile displays have so far been rather basic [19]. An intuitive and well-perceivable coding method can reduce training time and increase user acceptance of a tactile device. According to previous work in enhancing pilots' spatial awareness with vibrotactile devices, the parameters that can be used to encode flight information include three basic dimensions: spatial location, temporal rhythm and intensity of vibration [20]. However, systematic investigations into coding strategies for conveying flight attitude information with a combination of multiple coding parameters are exceptional rare in reported work. A combination of multiple coding parameters are essential to improve the effectiveness of vibrotactile display, since we can determine the vibrotactile coding capacity of each vibration parameters and differences between the perceptions of vibrations with different parameters. The test results of the vibrotactile display designed by [21; 22] illustrated that the best way to encode information with tactile channel is using the coding parameter with as many dimensions as possible. For instance, spatiotemporal patterns will yield superior identification over spatial patterns and patterns encoded by a single motor's intensity for an area of skin [23]. The goal of this work is to investigate preferred coding methods with a combination of multiple coding parameters for cueing precise directional information through vibrotactile feedback, using well perceivable and easily comprehensible vibrotactile patterns. The torso provides an extensive haptic space for presenting tactile information, with approximately half the total surface area of the body. The skin covering the torso is capable of precisely encoding information since it contains hundreds of mechanoreceptors [24; 25]. In addition, a belt-type device can be worn under a coat without attract public attention.