# Is Digital Twin Technology Supporting Safety Management? A Bibliometric and Systematic Review
## 4 Results
### Cluster Content Results for the Intersection between the DT and Safety Research Fields  
As shown in Figure 12, VOSviewer uses colors to indicate the cluster to which a keyword has been assigned within the network visualization based on the methods explained in Section 3.2. The red cluster of keywords, called \"Decision making and offshore applications\", includes studies regarding DT solutions aimed at supporting decision-making processes. These studies identify the Digital Twin concept as a promising tool for decision makers and stakeholders alike, which is bound to benefit those who use it [53]. In particular, DTs solve big data problems in the field of offshore resources, letting workers spend less time looking for data and more time identifying trends and innovative ways to exploit the data, e.g., smarter drilling, greater field automation, or improved safety [54]. Based on in situ measurement information, DTs can support operational and maintenance decisions that will preserve the integrity, safety, and availability of assets [55]. Figure 12: Network visualization of the intersection of the DT and safety research fields. Figure 13: Overlay visualization of the intersection of the DT and safety research fields. The green cluster, called \"IoT and life-cycle approaches\", regards studies that consider that a DT should encompass and plan the entire life cycle of a physical asset, thus producing profound differences depending on the application domain [56]. Through the use of the IoT, the gap between the physical and virtual worlds is filled by bridging a physical component's sensors and actuators with its digital counterpart [57]. In the safety domain, a DT provides an opportunity to train employees in virtual environments, thus helping to achieve accident prevention and to reduce the probability of accidents that may occur during on-the-job training [58]. The blue cluster, called \"Industry 4.0: from manufacture to virtual reality\", groups the latest research related to Digital Twins and virtual reality environments for safety purposes within the Industry 4.0 paradigm. Over recent years, the concept of human-machine interaction has received wide attention, since it represents the basis for achieving automation in manufacturing. Conventional simulations do not allow us to experience future production systems as end-users in an immersive environment. For this reason, virtual reality has had technological development [59]. Cyber-physical systems, however, require operators' awareness of the situation in order to be able to adequately address potential issues in a timely manner. Detecting early symptoms may speed up the incident response process and mitigate the consequences of business interruption or safety hazards. Running parallel to their physical counterparts, DTs allow for the deep inspection of their behavior without the risk of disrupting operational technology processes [60]. The yellow cluster, called \"Machine learning support for DT and safety\", includes studies that use machine learning algorithms to rapidly ascertain optimal aircraft dynamics to maximize the fire-retardant release effectiveness [61], to create a digital representation of humans that focuses on their vital quantities, as well as on the surrounding environment, for health monitoring purposes [62], or to enable industrial robots to bypass obstacles or people in a workspace [63]. The purple cluster, called \"Safety engineering\", regards studies about the interactions among DT data acquisition, DT data processing, and safety issues [49], as well as research regarding advanced structural simulations combined with physics-based deterioration models in order to calculate structural performance [64]. The orange cluster, called \"Hazards and risk assessment\", groups studies about risk assessment and tools of risk prediction. By comparing the real data with those obtained by the simulation software, DTs can predict risks and/or anomalies and communicate with a server in order to generate a warning [65].