## 4 Results and Discussion
### Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and Hypothesis Testing  
Three structural equation models, including the United Kingdom data, Turkey data, and complete data, were tested. All the fit categories, which are absolute fit (GFI and RMSE), parsimonious fit (CMIN/df), and incremental fit (CIF), were measured. The SEM results for all datasets are below. Complete data: X\({}^{2}\) (138) = 324.781, \(p\) \(<\) 0.01, GFI = 0.94, RMSEA = 0.050, CFI = 0.979. United Kingdom: X\({}^{2}\) (138) = 265.549, \(p\) \(<\) 0.01, GFI = 0.91, RMSEA = 0.058, CFI = 0.973. Turkey: X\({}^{2}\) (139) = 342.294, \(p\) \(<\) 0.01, GFI = 0.89, RMSEA = 0.073, CFI = 0.951. In Turkey's dataset, the absolute fit index GIF value (0.89) is slightly less than the acceptable value of 0.90. The other fit indexes are greater than the acceptable values, which are shown in Table 10.  
This study assessed the impact of performance expectancy (PE), effort expectancy (EE), social influence (SI), and perceived sociability (PS) on behavioral intention (BI) to use the robot as a co-worker. Two countries' data and total data hypothesis results are presented in Table 11.  
For the intention to work with robots, the squared multiple correlation for the complete data was 0.56, for UK data 0.67, and for the Turkey data 0.47. This means that the variables PE, EE, SI, and PS account for 67% of the variance in behavior intention (BI) in the UK data, 47% of the variance in behavior intention (BI) in Turkey, and 56% of the variance in behavior intention (BI) complete data. The relationship between performance expectancy (PE) and behavioral intention (BI) to use the robot as a co-worker was positive and significant for each data group. The results for complete data were (\(\beta\) = 0.477, t = 5.195, \(p\) \(<\) 0.001), for the United Kingdom were (\(\beta\) = 0.434, t = 3.700, \(p\) \(<\) 0.001), and for Turkey were (\(\beta\) = 0.372, t = 5.929, \(p\) \(<\) 0.001). Therefore, H1 was supported. The relationship between effort expectancy (EE) and performance expectancy (PE) while working with the robot was positive and significant for each data group. The results for complete data were (\(\beta\) = 0.853, t = 17.734, \(p\) \(<\) 0.001), for the United Kingdom were (\(\beta\) = 0.863, t = 13.507, \(p\) \(<\) 0.001), and for Turkey were (\(\beta\) = 0.620, t = 9.872, \(p\) \(<\) 0.001). Therefore, H2a was supported. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline
**Measurement** & **CMIN** & **df** & **CMIN/df** & **GFI** & **RMSEA** & **CFI** \\
**Indicators** & 324.781 & 138 & 2.353 & 0.942 & 0.050 & 0.979 \\
**United Kingdom** & 265.549 & 138 & 1.924 & 0.908 & 0.058 & 0.973 \\
**Turkey** & 342.294 & 139 & 2.463 & 0.887 & 0.073 & 0.951 \\
**Reference Standards** & – & – & \(\leq\)3.00 & \(\geq\)0.90 & \(\leq\)0.08 & \(\geq\)0.95 \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 10: Complete data for the United Kingdom and Turkey—model fit indexes. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline
**Measurement** & **CMIN** & **df** & **CMIN/df** & **GFI** & **RMSEA** & **CFI** \\
**Indicators** & 364.886 & 139 & 2.625 & 0.936 & 0.055 & 0.974 \\
**United Kingdom** & 280.436 & 138 & 2.032 & 0.905 & 0.062 & 0.970 \\
**Turkey** & 282.006 & 137 & 2.058 & 0.904 & 0.062 & 0.965 \\
**Reference Standards** & – & – & \(\leq\)3.00 & \(\geq\)0.90 & \(\leq\)0.08 & \(\geq\)0.95 \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 9: Complete data for the United Kingdom and Turkey—CFA. The relationship between effort expectancy (EE) and behavioral intention (BI) to use the robot as a co-worker was negative and non-significant for complete data and those from the United Kingdom. The results for complete data were (\(\beta=-0.214\), t = \(-1.621\), \(p=0.105\)) and for the United Kingdom were (\(\beta=-0.202\), t = \(-1.142\), \(p=0.254\)). Turkey has a positive and non-significant relationship between effort expectancy (EE) and behavioral intention (BI) to use the robot as a co-worker (\(\beta=0.001\), t = \(0.018\), \(p=0.986\)). Therefore, H2b was not supported.