## 1 Introduction  
Virtual reality (VR) uses sight and hearing stimuli to provide users with immersive, stimulating, and interactive experiences [1]. It has been increasingly used in elder care settings, including long-term care [2]. It has been used to facilitate mobility exercises [3; 4; 5], cognitive stimulation [6; 7], and social engagement [8], which were found to enhance older adults' physical health (e.g., improving balance and mobility), cognitive functioning (e.g., enhancing memories and attention span), and psychosocial well-being (e.g., reducing the sense of loneliness).  
VR provides sight and hearing stimuli. Sometimes, VR is used with different therapies to provide users with other stimuli, which is called multisensory VR. One type of therapy used with VR is aromatherapy, which provides olfactory stimuli.  
Aromatherapy is a complementary therapy that uses smell or fragrance [9], usually from essential oils [10] extracted from plants [11], to provide olfactory stimuli to users. It has been used in elder care and has been found to improve sleeping [12], physical pain [13], mental health [13; 14], and cognition and memories [15] in older adults. Aromatherapy is less applied among older adults living with dementia, and studies show inconclusive findings on its impacts on this population [16].  
Using aromatherapy with VR gives users a multisensory experience [17]. The experience of using VR becomes more immersive when aromatherapy matches VR [18]. For instance, users feel like they are in a real forest when they see a VR forest and smell the scent of pine [19]. Integrating aromatherapy into VR has been found to enhance older adults' physical health (e.g., improving blood pressure, heart rate, and sleeping quality) and mental health (e.g., alleviating stress, increasing positive emotions, decreasing negative emotions, and increasing life satisfaction) [19; 20; 21].  
Previous systematic reviews have been conducted to examine evidence on the impacts of VR [2; 5; 7; 22] or aromatherapy [12; 16; 23] on older adults [2; 5; 12; 22; 23] or people living with dementia [7; 16]. [PERSON] et al. [16] looked into the outcomes and outcome measures of aromatherapy for people living with dementia. Some outcome measures include the Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory (CMAI), the Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia (CSDD), and Blau Quality of Life. One primary outcome found was that aromatherapy could improve the mental health of users living with dementia, such as reducing their agitation and behavioral issues.  
Among these systematic reviews, only the one by [PERSON] et al. [24] examines studies integrating complementary therapies (e.g., meditation, Taichi) into VR. In their review, only one study by [PERSON] et al. [21] explored integrating aromatherapy into VR. The study by [PERSON] et al. [21] found the combination of aromatherapy and VR enhances older adults' life satisfaction, happiness, sleep quality, and stress.  
Considering the benefits VR and aromatherapy bring to older adults and the limited literature examining their integration into elder care, we conducted this scoping review. The questions of this scoping review are as follows:How have VR programs for older adults been supported by aromatherapy?
* What outcomes measures and outcomes of VR programs for older adults supported by aromatherapy have been reported in the literature?  
Contributions
* Filling a Knowledge Gap: This review presents a unique synthesis of evidence on integrating VR and aromatherapy for older adults, addressing an understudied area in the literature.
* Innovative Approach: This review showcases the potential of combining VR and aromatherapy as a non-pharmacological innovative approach to improve the well-being and quality of life of older adults.
* Informing for Future Research and Practice: This review provides useful insights to guide the development and implementation of future VR studies.