## 3 Results and Discussion
### Atmospheric Deposition
#### 3.2.4 Metals  
The atmospheric depositions collected with the deposimeters in the Roccaccia, S. Agostino, Allumiere and Roccarespampani stations were analyzed to determine the deposition rates of the following metals and metalloids which are toxic for human exposure: As, Ba, Be, Cd, Cu, Cr, Mn, Ni, Hg, Pb, Sb, Sr, Sn, Te, Tl, V, and Zn. Even with regard to metals and metalloids in depositions, the Italian and European regulations do not provide any \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**Locations** & **Benzo[a]Pyrene** & **Ref.** \\ \hline Aosta & urban site: 28 & [57, 73] \\ (North-West Italy) & reference site: 5.0 & [57, 73] \\ \hline Venice & urban site: 30 & \\ (North-East Italy) & rural area: 6–9 & [21] \\ \hline Perugia & & \\ (Central Italy) & urban site: 5.0-14 & [74] \\ \hline Terni & urban sites: 10–11 & \\ (Central Italy) & industrial sites: 18–27 & [74] \\ \hline Melfi & urban sites: 3.2–4.1 & \\ (South Italy) & industrial sites: 4.6–6.9 & \\ rural site: 140 & [22, 32] \\ remote/reference sites: 1.9–5.7 & \\ \hline Taranto & urban sites: 2.0–182 & \\ (South Italy) & industrial site: 57–555 & [59] \\ rural area: 5.6–42 & \\ \hline Finlanda & remote sites: 51–280 & [17] \\ rural area: 2–10 & [75] \\ \hline Rorvik & rural area: 5–17 & [75] \\ (Sweden) & rural area: 1.4–3.9 & \\ \hline Paris & & \\ (France) & urban site: 25 & [18, 19] \\ \hline Cardiff, Manchester a & \\ (UK) & urban area: 219–300 & [33] \\ \hline North Latium & & \\ (Central Italy) & industrial site: 1.4–4.6 & This study \\ rural area: 1.4–3.9 & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 7: Levels of B[a]P in other studies in different Italian and European locations (ng m\({}^{-2}\)d\({}^{-1}\)). reference and it is therefore necessary to take into account the reference values adopted by other European countries. The atmospheric deposition rates measured in the Roccaccia, S. Agostino, Allumiere and Rocca Respampani stations all year long (Table 8 for the annual average whereas Table S9 of the Supplementary Material for each season) show a small variability among seasons with the exception of the Sn in Allumiere and S. Agostino (autumn/spring and winter/summer seasons) and Zn in Roccaccia (autumn/winter season), whose atmospheric deposition rates are significantly higher than in Rocca Respampani. This small seasonal variability shows a different pattern among the sampling sites. The typical concentrations of metals, detected in different European areas, using bulk deposimeters, are summarized below, considering diverse types of areas [32,76]. The legislations of several European countries establish limit values expressed as an annual average for As, Cd, Hg, Ni, Pb, Tl, Zn and sedimentable dusts [32]. Table 9 resumes such limit values present in the related various legislations. The comparison of the atmospheric depositions rates observed in this study with the limit values shown in Table 9[32] describes an area in the lower ranges of the atmospheric deposition values as expected in the different countries. Using the intervals rates suggested by the European Commission, the monitored sites of this study would be classified as rural areas for Ni and Cd, and urban for As.