## 2 Results and Discussions
### NMR Data of Osthole
papularia_ differed from those from leaves, fruits, and umbels with regard to predominance of sesquiterpenes and monoterepenes. In 2016, [PERSON] and co-authors reported that suberosin (1.8%) was identified in the essential oil obtained from fruits of _P. papularia_. In present work, 5-pentylcyclohexa-1,3-diene (44.6%), menthone (12.6%), 1-tridecyne (10.9%), and osthole (6%) (an isomer of suberosin) were identified as the dominant constituents of the volatile oil of the roots of _P. papularia_. These major volatile compounds were not identified from the other _Prangos_ species (Table 2). Therefore, it confirms the different chemical composition from _P. papularia_. Recently, we reported that osthole was isolated from the chloroform extract of the roots of _P. papularia_, and its structure was elucidated by spectroscopic means, namely, high resolution electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (HR-ESIMS) and one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy [22]. In addition, osthole was isolated from the hexane extract of the fruits of _P. asperula_[30]. Both osthole and suberosin were found in _Arracacia tulareis_ var. _multifida_ volatile oil [45]. The essential oil with the high coumarin content showed moderate in-vitro antibacterial activity against representative Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria [45]. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline _Prangos_ **Species** & **Plant Part** & **Major Components of the Essential Oil** & **Ref.** \\ \hline _P. ferulacea_ & aerial parts & \(\beta\)-caryophyllene (48.2%), \(\alpha\)-humulene (10.3%) and spathulenol (9.4%) & [36] \\ \hline _P. ferulacea_ & aerial parts & \(\alpha\)-pinene (36.6%) and \(\beta\)-pinene (31.1%) & [37] \\ \hline _P. ferulacea_ & roots & \(\beta\)-phellandrene (32.1%), \(m\)-tolualdehyde (26.2%), and \(\delta\)-3-carene (25.8%) & [18] \\ \hline _P. ferulaceae_ & fruits and umbels & \(\alpha\)-pinene and (\(Z\))-\(\beta\)-ocimene & [38] \\ \hline _P. heyniae_ & fruits & \(\beta\)-bisabolenal (18.0–53.3%), \(\beta\)-bisabolenol (2.3–14.6%) and \(\beta\)-bisabolene & [39] \\ \hline _P. heyniae_ & aerial parts & \(\beta\)-bisabolenal (1.4–70.7%), (8.2%), elemol (3.4–46.9%), kessane (26.9%), & \\ \(\beta\)-bisabolene (14.4%), germacrene D (10.3–12.1%), germacrene B & [20] \\  & 3,7(11)-eudesmadien-2-one (16.1%) and \(\beta\)-bisabolenol (8.4%) & \\ \hline _P. latiloba_ & aerial parts & gerani (26.8%) & [31] \\ \hline _P. pabularia_ & flowering & \(\alpha\)-pinene (32.4%), \(\delta\)-3-carene (12.4%), germacrene D (8.1%), limonene (6.4%) and bicyclogermacrene (6.2%) & [40] \\ \hline _P. pabularia_ & fruit & bicyclogermacrene (21%), (\(Z\))-\(\beta\)-ocimene (19%), \(\alpha\)-humulene (8%), \(\alpha\)-pinene & [24] \\ \hline _P. pequcalanifolia_ & flowering & \(\alpha\)-pinene (38.1%), bicyclogermacrene (11.3%) and \(\delta\)-3-carene (9.2%) & [40] \\ \hline _P. uloptera_ & aerial parts & \(\delta\)-3-carene (26.3%), \(\alpha\)-pinene (15.4%), \(\beta\)-myrcene (9.0%), \(p\)-cymene (8.6%) & [41] \\ \hline _P. uloptera_ & aerial parts & \(\beta\)-caryophyllene (18.2%), germacrene D (17.2%) and limonene (8.7%) & [42] \\ \hline _P. uloptera_ & seed & \(\alpha\)-pinene (41.9%) and \(\beta\)-cedrene (4.0%) & [42] \\ \hline _P. uloptera_ & aerial parts & \(\alpha\)-pinene (20.3%), (\(E\))-\(\beta\)-ocimene (19.6%), \(\beta\)-caryophyllene in fresh aerial parts; \(\beta\)-caryophyllene (13.9%), \(\alpha\)-pinene (13.6%), caryophyllene-oxide & \\  & aerial parts & (11.6%) in dried aerial parts; (9.9%), \(\delta\)-3-carene (8.0%), germacrene D (6.0%) & [43] \\  & & in fresh aerial parts; spathulenol (7.8%) and germacrene D (4.7%) in dried aerial parts & \\ \hline _P. uloptera_ & fruits & germacrene D (17.6%), acorenone (16.9%), \(\alpha\)-pinene (14.9%), and \(\alpha\)-humulene & [44] \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: _Cont._