# Effect of Augmented Reality Support on Quality Inspection of Welded Structures
## 4 Results
### Usability  
To conclude the statistical analysis, the level of usability of the proposed solution was also examined. Testing was conducted using a standardised questionnaire called the System Usability Scale (SUS). The SUS is a widely used tool for measuring subjective perceptions of the usability of a system, methodology or tool. The overall mean SUS score in the experiment was 94.69, indicating a high level of applicability of the proposed solution and high satisfaction with the probands (Table 1). When focusing attention on each group, the mean SUS score for G1 was 95.5, and for G2, it was 93.88. The standard deviation was 4.94 overall, 4.97 for G1, and 4.67 for G2. These results indicate that both groups of users rated the proposed solution as highly usable. G1 achieved a slightly higher SUS score than group G2, which may indicate that experienced workers reached a higher level of satisfaction and rated the usability of the system positively. Although most of the participants involved in the experimental study had no or minimal practical experience with augmented reality, after familiarising themselves with \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**Group** & **SUS Score Average** & **Standard Deviation** \\ \hline G1 & 95.50 & 4.97 \\ G2 & 93.88 & 4.67 \\ G1 + G2 & 94.69 & 4.94 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: SUS questionnaire results. the proposed AR approach, there was a positive attitude towards its potential use in the context of weldment quality inspection in industrial processes. In particular, participants highlighted the good availability of AR solutions to assist inspectors in the field. According to the participants involved in the study, AR, as a flexible tool, can help workers focus more directly on the product under investigation. They rate it as a useful way to obtain relevant information directly on the object under investigation. AR available in this manner can support users in different ways. Users positively evaluated the possibility of the immediate availability of relevant data, including its visual interpretation, which eliminates the need to first manipulate printed documentation to initiate inspection operations. Another participant mentioned support for part identification, where automated recognition of the part being inspected makes it impossible to confuse the part with other very similar products. At the same time, probands noted the high potential of using AR in complex inspection processes in industrial applications. According to their comments, AR could become a highly effective tool to support task solving. Specifically, one participant commented on the benefits in the case of repeatedly alternating inspection of very similar parts in rapid succession and mentioned that AR could be used as a powerful tool for interactive visualisation and support for even less skilled or inexperienced users. In several cases, participants also mentioned the fact that for inspectors with less experience or expertise, the proposed approach could help to push the boundary of tasks that these inspectors can assess and decide independently, as opposed to conventional methods where the decision-making process in these cases is beyond their capabilities and they have to seek support from a more experienced supervisor. Most probands agreed that AR could be very beneficial for solving inspection tasks due to its interactive visualisation capability. Several probands would welcome the use of the AR approach not only as a final inspection but also as a tool for continuous self-control of the welder during operation preparation, weld interpretation, weld layout on a real piece, and continuous checking of the fulfilment of the prescribed characteristics. One of the limitations was the ease of use. Some participants pointed out a concern about inspecting larger and more complex products. The set of parts for the experimental study was relatively easy to handle and easily accessible in terms of dimensions.