## 1 Introduction
### Literature Review
#### 1.1.2. Over the years lean has evolved both as a toolkit and strategy for application in many different industries and types of organization. For example, possibilities of implementing lean in public sector, as well as its specificity are described in [20]. That research presented a case study of lean implementation in the Brazilian regulatory agency and revealed two decisive aspects in public environment; human and legal. Many times, these kinds of initiatives are dealing with legal aspects which involves slow bureaucratic processes; thus, these initiatives have to be supported by awareness and support of more decision makers other than managers willing to improve processes [20]. An interesting case study was presented by [PERSON], [PERSON] et al. The authors developed procurement value stream mapping as a tool of improving procurement process in manufacturing warehouse [21]. They showed improvement by this method in reducing business inventories, shortening the plan-making cycle, billing cycle, information cycle, logistics cycle a procurement cycle. Another application of values stream mapping, but in retail sector was presented in case study by [PERSON] and [PERSON] [22]. The authors presented that the methodology could improve supply chain management efficiency and customer satisfaction. Of lean implementations in public sectors the implementation in healthcare is the best explored. Implementation of lean in healthcare is well described in paper [23]. Authors described the successful implementation of lean tools in a French public hospital which has improved the quality of health services delivered to the patient. Another case study of lean implementation in healthcare is presented in paper by [PERSON] et al. [24]. They showed successful application of Value stream mapping (VSM), one of the widely used lean tools. Another application of VSM in healthcare system is presented in work of [PERSON] [25]. The case study is undertaken in emergency care. The goal was to show the utilization of VSM for detecting wastes and improvement points. The result of proposed improvements implementation was shorter lead time. An interesting research regarding lean implementation in healthcare, but in outpatient departments was carried out by [PERSON], [PERSON] and [PERSON], [26]. They have developed the framework to guide Lean transformation and solve the issues in outpatient's department through identifying demand, coordinating resources, levelling schedules, and controlling wait times. Research [27] presented a literature review of implementation of lean in healthcare. The authors have reported the increase of papers dealing with lean in healthcare, however they found that the lack of continuous improvement throughout the whole organization exists, while most of the articles describe isolated implementation in different areas of organization. Thus, they suggested, there are more possibilities in spreading isolated initiatives on the whole organization and promotion of cultural changes in context of lean. As lean evolved as a philosophy, its application became wider. One example of the successful application of lean is in the pharmaceutical industry, especially in the laboratory as presented in the article [28], which showed the success of the use of lean in this area. The authors have found three types of waste; transport, waiting and defects to comprise almost 51.4% of the problem regarding lean assessment of the laboratory. Interesting case study, also in pharmaceutical industry was presented by [PERSON] et al [29]. The goal of the study was to reduce downtimes by applying Lean Six Sigma tools. The results of application of lean and six sigma tools were elimination of downtime, improvement of production flow, higher productivity as well as reduced backlog and elimination of product wastage. Lean research in automotive industry is still valuable and up to date.