## 5 Concluding Remarks  
An analytical framework was introduced in this study to standardize the turbulent wind characteristics, namely turbulence intensity, integral scale, peak factor and gust factor for various terrain conditions, heights, and averaging times in tropical cyclones. This analytical framework is based on the equilibrium boundary-layer theory and the assumption that the lower tropical cyclone boundary layer is neutrally stable. Field-measured data of the four typhoons and three hurricanes were standardized to the reference exposure with roughness length of 0.03 m, height of 10 m, and averaging time of 10 min, and then utilized for the extraction of wind characteristics under standard exposure. The differences of obtained wind characteristics between typhoons and hurricanes were highlighted, which may be attributed to the basins and latitudes of the genesis of hurricanes and typhoons, the influence of local topography and sea-land transition zone and the differences in turbulent flow structures of typhoons and hurricanes that need further investigations. More specifically, the wind characteristics of these observed typhoons typically present larger values compared to those of observed hurricanes, except for the turbulence integral scale. The turbulence integral lengths of typhoons have a wider distribution compared with those of hurricanes. The obtained turbulent wind characteristics based on the unified analysis framework were comparatively investigated together with the recommendations in ASCE7-10 and AJI-RLB-2004. The difference between the standardized turbulent characteristics and the corresponding suggested values in the standards (ASCE7-10 and AIJ-RLB-2004) indicates that the tropical cyclone-induced wind loads need be taken into consideration in standards for tropical cyclone-prone regions. It is noted that the ASCE7-10 presents good estimations of the longitudinal turbulence intensity and integral scale for both typhoons and hurricanes, while the peak factor was slightly overestimated and the gust factor was underestimated. The AIJ-RLB-2004 makes a slightly higher estimation of the longitudinal turbulence intensity and a lower estimation of the longitudinal integral scale for both typhoons and hurricanes. The potential reason may be ascribed to the limitation of datasets which used to specify the wind characteristics, although it includes both tropical and extratropical winds. As noted in the AIJ-RLB-2004, the integral scale was treated to be terrain independent. However, the scales of wind eddies are strongly affected by the local roughness.  
Conceptualization, L.L. and T.W.; methodology, L.L. and H.Z.; software, Y.Z. and H.W.; validation, T.W. and H.W.; formal analysis, Y.Z.; investigation, Y.Z. and H.W.; resources, X.H.; data curation, Y.Z.; writing--original draft preparation, L.L. and T.W.; writing--review and editing, L.L., X.H. and T.W.; visualization, Y.Z.; supervision, L.L., H.Z., X.H. and T.W.; project administration, L.L.; funding acquisition, L.L. and T.W.  
This research was funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51778373), the Knowledge Innovation Project of Shenzhen (Grant No. JCYJ20170302143625006), Natural Science Foundation of SZU (Grant no. 082017), Natural Science Foundation Grant # CMMI 15-37431 and National Key Research and Development Program of China (2017 YFB1201204).  
The authors gratefully acknowledge [PERSON]. [PERSON] of the University of Florida for providing the hurricane data and [PERSON] of China Meteorological Administration for providing the typhoon data for this study.  
The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results.