## 3 Results  
The SEM images of the TRG, TRGSE, and TRGCE were shown in Figure 3. As can be seen, without surfactant intercalation, TRG would tend to agglomerate into graphite-like large particles. In contrast, the TRGSE and TRGCE seem to appear more curved and crumbly in their primary structures, with more irregular wrinkled edges, implying the intercalation of the surfactants/ionic liquid complex that efficiently separates the TRG into a few layers structures. Figure 4 plots the Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer (FTIR) spectroscopy for neat TRG, TRGS, TRGSE, TRGC, and TRGCE in the wavenumber region of 4000-400 cm\({}^{-1}\). In the existing literature, several characteristic vibration modes corresponding to GO's specific functional groups are often reported, including those in a lower frequency region, with bands at 1033 cm\({}^{-1}\) and 1154 cm\({}^{-1}\), representing the stretching modes of C-O, and C-OH, respectively. While in a higher frequency region, the bands at 3430 cm\({}^{-1}\), 1716 cm\({}^{-1}\) and 1635 cm\({}^{-1}\) correspond to the stretching mode of O-H, C=O, and C=C, respectively. As shown in Figure 4a, for the TRG sample, most of the oxygen-related groups were markedly removed, leaving two small broad peaks at 1154 cm\({}^{-1}\) and 3430 cm\({}^{-1}\), which corresponded to some residual C-OH and O-H groups, respectively. In the TRGSE spectrum, the bands related to the C-H vibration of the intercalated SDS at bands 2955 cm\({}^{-1}\),2917 cm\({}^{-1}\) and 2849 cm\({}^{-1}\) were not affected by EMI-FSI. However, the bands at 1219 cm\({}^{-1}\) and 1249 cm\({}^{-1}\), which corresponded to the SO\({}_{2}\) asymmetric vibration [19; 20], were found to have shifted to 1226 cm\({}^{-1}\) and disappeared, respectively. These strong shifts may imply the Coulombic force or the ion exchange interaction between the intercalated SDS and the EMI-TFSI in the TRGSE samples. Similarly, in the TRGCE spectrum, the bands related to the C-H bond vibration of the intercalated CTAB at 2917 cm\({}^{-1}\) and 2849 cm\({}^{-1}\) were not affected by the EMI-FSI. Nevertheless, the band at 2958 cm\({}^{-1}\), which represented the symmetric stretching of the N-CH\({}_{3}\) vibration [19; 20], was found to have dramatically shifted to 2969 cm\({}^{-1}\). This substantial shift in the head group of intercalated CTAB may prove a Coulombic interaction or ion exchange between intercalated CTAB and EMI-TFSI. Figure 3: The SEM (scanning electron microscope) image of (**a**) TRG, (**b**) TRGSE, and (**c**) TRGCE. Figure 5 plots the thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) results, showing the retained weight vs. temperature of the neat TRG, TRGSE and TRGCE composites. It appears that all the composites showed a little mass loss at around 100 \({}^{\circ}\)C due to moisture content. The TRG displayed a smooth weight loss from 100 to 500 \({}^{\circ}\)C with an 8% total weight loss at 500 \({}^{\circ}\)C, followed by a steep weight loss due to the quick decomposition of TRG. On the other hand, TRGSE and TRGCE show steep weight losses at around 200 \({}^{\circ}\)C due to the decomposition of SDS, CTAB, and EMI-TFSI between the TRG sheets. The weight losses of 17% and 28% at 500 \({}^{\circ}\)C were observed for the TRGCE and the TRGSE samples, respectively. Compared to TRG, the additional weight loss of the TRGCE and TRGSE might be due to the intercalated CTAB/EMI-TFSI and SDS/EMI-TFSI complexes, accordingly. The specific feature structures of TRG, TRGCE, and TRGSE were revealed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) measurements. Figure 6a displays the X-ray intensity versus the scattering angle 2\(\uptheta\). As can be seen, the XRD pattern for TRG shows (001) reflection peak at 24.6 degrees, corresponding to the average interlayer distance of 0.36 nm, which is consistent with the reported results [15]. TRGCE shows the (001) main peak at 21.5 degrees and a minor peak at 12.4, corresponding to interlayer distances of 0.41 nm and 0.71 nm, respectively.