# GIS-Based Wind and Solar Power Assessment in Central Mexico
## 4 Conclusions  
According to the data presented in this work, wind and photovoltaic energy are emerging to be the REs that will have the most dominant role in the coming decades in generating energy from renewable sources. In Mexico, the SEN needs to increase its capacity in the coming years due to the increase in demand from the country. However, \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Resource**} & \multicolumn{8}{c}{**State**} \\ \cline{2-10}  & **Mexico City** & **Morelos** & **Hidalgo** & **Puebla** & **Queretaro** & **Gunajuato** & **Aguascalientes** & **San Luis** & **Zacatecas** \\ \hline Solar (kWh/m\({}^{2}\)/day) & 5.89 & 5.89 & 5.89 & 5.39 & 5.60 & 5.59 & 5.40 & 5.39 & 5.40 \\ Wind (W/m\({}^{2}\)) & 4.00 & 4.00 & 134 & 517 & 135 & 261 & 72 & 135 & 135 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: Solar and wind results. Figure 17: Annual WPD in Central Mexico. according to the new energy policies and regulations in Mexico, the country will meet global commitments to reduce emissions and ensuring universal access to electricity for its population. It has been demonstrated that Central Mexico has great wind and solar potential, and by 2030, up to 46% of its installed capacity could come from renewable sources. However, due to the intermittent nature of wind and sun, it is essential to study the most suitable location for these systems and explore a range of possible alternatives to find the best solution for all the related criteria. The interpolations used with the ordinary kriging model to determine the areas with the greatest potential for global solar irradiation and wind had very interesting results; it was determined that the states with the greatest potential for solar irradiation are Guanajuato, Queretaro, Hidalgo, Mexico City, Morelos, Aguascalientes, Zacatecas. In these states, enough electrical energy could be produced to satisfy the population, as they have energy of up to 5.89 kWh/m\({}^{2}\)/day. The month with the highest irradiance is May, with 7.17 kWh/m\({}^{2}\)/day. It is essential to evaluate the wind resource in layers, starting with the orography and roughness, and ending with the atmosphere; this analysis is known as climate generalization. With a GIS, the layers are represented on a map, and from these layers 12 maps were produced, one per month and an annual one. For the development of wind farms or for the design of wind turbines, knowing the type of wind and its power density is essential. On these maps, annually, in some areas we can observe up to 1200 W/m\({}^{2}\), which means that if a wind turbine of 70 m diameter is installed, about 2 MW of power would be extracted. The states with the highest wind power density are Mexico State and Guanajuato. It was observed that with only the stations within the states, it was not possible to interpolate correctly; 128 more AWSs were used to avoid the effect of cutting the interpolation. They were interpolated with AWSs of the states adjacent to those of central Mexico. Obtaining these maps benefits several factors in the country of Mexico, such as investors; they can observe the areas with the greatest solar and wind potential and thus identify the necessary resources to develop plans for the installation of solar farms and wind farms. The government, which is the promoter of the use of renewable energies in Mexico--since the Energy Transition Law establishes goals such as that by 2024, 35% of the total electricity generation in the country will be supplied by renewable energies--and academia--which is the pillar of education and will be able to have maps of the solar and wind resources with which they can develop research and development (R&D) projects--will also benefit. Conceptualization, Q.H.-E., J.A.F. and A.-J.P.-M.; methodology, Q.H.-E., J.A.F. and A.-J.P.-M.; writing--original draft preparation, Q.H.-E., J.A.F. and A.-J.P.-M.; writing--review and editing, Q.H.-E., J.A.F. and A.-J.P.-M. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.