# Seismic Performance Assessment of Wide Pile-Supported
## 4 Conclusions  
The PSW seismic design practice often neglects the effect of ground displacement at mild soil slope. Thus, only the framed structural element has been generally modeled. Our study used a 2D soil-structure system FEA to examine a wide PSW's seismic performance associated with soil-structure dynamic interaction. Additionally, two waveforms of different durations were employed as motion inputs to investigate the impact of seismic duration on the PSW's seismic response.  
The main conclusions drawn from this study are as follows:  
1. The 2D soil-structure system FEA provides a reliable tool for PSW's seismic performance assessment and is effective for taking into account the effect of ground displacement and waveform durations.
2. Seismic codes generally stipulate only SA as seismic load; however, various time history waveforms can be realized for the same SA. Different waveforms left significantly different maximum PSW displacement and bending moment of the pile. Therefore, various time-history waveforms should be considered when conducting seismic design while paying attention to the phase characteristics.
3. Different FEA modeling conditions (i.e., with/without considering the soil slope) resulted in different bending moments in the piles and residual displacements of PSWs. Even in cases of mild soil slope under the PSW, the effect of the ground displacement is significant. Therefore, ground displacement in soil slope should be given special attention in design practice.
4. Different FEA modeling conditions (i.e., with/without considering the soil slope) show different vibration characteristics of the PSWs. When considering the soil slope, the natural period of the PSW becomes shorter because the free length of the pile in the soil slope becomes shorter. Therefore, attention should be paid to determining the correct natural period of the PSW.
5. In the case where the soil slope is considered, a relatively significant bending moment occurs at the boundary between soil layers. Therefore, attention shall be paid to the comparatively sizeable bending moment generated in the boundary of soil layers with significant impedance contrast.  
Conceptualization, C.B. and T.N.; methodology, C.B. and T.N.; software, C.B.; validation, C.B. and T.N.; formal analysis, C.B. and T.N.; investigation, C.B. and T.N.; resources, C.B. and T.N.; data curation, C.B.; writing--original draft preparation, C.B.; writing--review and editing, T.N.; visualization, C.B.; supervision, T.N.; project administration, C.B.; funding acquisition, C.B. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
This research was funded by PT. Inti Teknik Solusi Cemerlang (PT. ITSC), grant number: 036/ADM.ITSC/VIII/2019 and the APC were funded by PT. ITSC.  
Not applicable.  
The datasets generated during and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.  
The authors would like to express their gratitude to the PT. Inti Teknik Solusi Cemerlang (PT. ITSC) for providing PLAXIS 2D Software.  
The authors declare no conflict of interest.