# Perceptions and Resistance to Accept Smart Clothing:
## 2 Literature Review  
### Smart Clothing  
Smart clothing is a type of wearable device, which can be defined as electronic devices with built-in sensors that can receive data about wearers or their surroundings. These devices work wirelessly or through other devices such as smartphones and tablets. Wearable devices are subdivided into applications or forms, depending on the organization. The IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission), an organization that adjusts national standards in electricity, electronics, telecommunications, and nuclear power, defines electronic fibers as a category of wearable smart devices [2]. Gartner, an information technology research and advisory company in the United States, also classifies smart clothing as a type of wearable smart device in consideration of the location where it is worn and the use and shape of the device. In Korea, smart clothing is defined as clothing that combines IT technology with cutting-edge textiles, materials, and technologies, and is a textile product that applies a detection and response system to the stimulus of the surrounding environment or human body [3], or as a new concept of high-function, high-performance, multi-functional clothing that can express various functions complexly or express new functions while maintaining the emotional and functional properties inherent in clothing [4]. Such smart clothing is used together with terms such as wearable computers, digital clothing, and intelligent clothing [5].  
According to Cientifica [6], smart clothing has now entered the fourth generation. Smart clothing has evolved from the initial form of attaching electronic devices to clothes to the second-generation smart clothing with built-in sensors and to the third-generation with sensor functions in the fabric itself. Fourth-generation smart clothing, which is currently being developed, intends to use devices that are not noticeable because they are as natural as possible. Experts predict that smart clothing growth will be the highest among wearable smart devices in the future [7] based on a sluggish fitness tracker, excessive supply of smart watches, and global companies such as Google, Adidas, and Under Armour's participation in the market.  
According to GMI APC's wearable technology survey, only 20% of respondents said they knew about smart clothing [8], indicating that consumers' perceptions of electronic textiles or smart clothing are not as high as other wearable products. Additionally, according to NPD's research on the performance required for smart clothing, more than half of the respondents are aware of the stain-resistant and waterproof properties of smart clothing and are interested in sweat-absorbing, quick-drying, UV protection, and cooling fabrics [9]. This indicates that many consumers still confuse functional clothing and smart clothing. Smart clothing is a concept that is differentiated from existing functional clothing. While clothing designed from the time of manufacture for a certain purpose is called functional clothing, there is a difference in that smart clothing performs a certain function by determining the clothing itself for the user [10].  
Prior studies on wearable devices and smart clothing have focused mainly on functional aspects such as usability, ease of use, and convenience based on [PERSON] Technology Acceptance Models (TAM). However, existing studies have not shown why smart clothing is slow to spread among consumers, contrary to current expectations. Furthermore, inconsistent research results have made it difficult to obtain sufficient answers to the acceptance and resistance of smart clothing. In this study, we define smart clothing as clothing that can interact with wearers, surroundings or situations, clothing that can detect and respond to human stimuli, and identify factors that affect innovation resistance to smart clothing.