## 4 Methods
### Limitations  
This study has three main limitations, which should be taken into account when drawing conclusions based on our findings. First, our results relate to a specific case study, undertaken at a medium-sized Chilean university. Educational trajectories correspond to specific curricula and policies, both institutional and national, in force during the period under review. In particular, the flexibility for students to re-enroll in a different institution or academic program is very low in Chile, with little chance of recognizing partially completed studies [29]. For that reason, transfer students were not identified in the RETAKE-STOPOUT model. Furthermore, although it might be useful to distinguish between expelled and voluntary dropout, this criterion was not considered in the RETAKE-STOPOUT model, because the institutional rules that define expelled dropout changed several times in the considered time window. Second, analysis has been limited to data extracted from the curriculum dimension and, in particular, the final grades obtained on a semester-by-semester basis in high-failure rate courses. Partial grades with their timestamps were not available for the entire time window and therefore a more detailed analysis was not possible. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Analysis** & **Node Type** & **Transition Type** & **Filters** & **Finding** & **Figure or Table** \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} \# students; \\ \% students \\ \end{tabular} } & \multirow{8}{*}{\% students} & Final states: LATE-DROPOUT; \\  & & & LATE-GRAD \\  & & & Includes transitions \\  & & & MUST-RETAKE-COURSES \textgreater{} \\  & & & STOPOUT \\  & & & Does not include transitions \\  & & & NO-RETAKE-COURSES \textgreater{} \\  & & & STOPOUT \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} \# students; \\ \% students \\ \end{tabular} } & \multirow{8}{*}{\% students} & \multirow{8}{*}{\% students} & Final states: LATE-DROPOUT; \\  & & & LATE-GRAD \\  & & & Includes transitions \\  & & & MUST-RETAKE-COURSES \textgreater{} \\  & & & STOPOUT \\  & & & Does not include transitions \\  & & & NO-RETAKE-COURSES \textgreater{} \\  & & & STOPOUT \\  & & & ISCED Field: Agriculture; \\  & & & Science; Social Sciences, \\  & & & Business and Law; \\  & & & Engineering, Manufacturing \\  & & & and Construction \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} \# students; \\ \% students \\ \end{tabular} } & \multirow{8}{*}{\% students} & \multirow{8}{*}{\% students} & Final states: LATE-DROPOUT; \\  & & & LATE-GRAD \\  & & & Includes transitions \\  & & & & STOPOUT \\  & & & Does not include transitions \\  & & & NO-RETAKE-COURSES \textgreater{} \\  & & & STOPOUT \\  & & & ISCED Field: Education; Arts \\  & & & and Humanities; and Health \\  & & & and Welfare \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{\
\begin{tabular}{c} \% students \\ \% students \\ \end{tabular} } & \multirow{8}{*}{\% students} & \multirow{8}{*}{\% students} & Final states: LATE-DROPOUT, \\  & & & LATE-GRAD \\  & & & Includes transitions \\  & & & NO-RETAKE-COURSES \textgreater{} \\  & & & STOPOUT \\  & & & Does not include transitions \\  & & & MUST-RETAKE-COURSES \textgreater{} \\  & & & STOPOUT \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{
\begin{tabular}{c} Analysis of last \\ event before \\ LATE-DROPOUT \\ \end{tabular} } & \multirow{8}{*}{\% students} & \multirow{8}{*}{\% students} & Final state: LATE-DROPOUT \\  & & & Includes transitions \\  & & & NO-RETAKE-COURSES \textgreater{} \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & LATE-DROPOUT \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{2-5}  & & & & LATE-DROPOUT \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{2-5}  & & & & \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{2-5}  & & & & \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{2-5}  & & & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: Filters and properties applied to the event logs to perform each analysis for answering the research question. Third, the conclusions drawn from Process Mining depend to a large extent on the accuracy and completeness of the information used [44].