## 4 Phenolic Compounds
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Plant Species** & **Solvent** & **Method** & **Concentration** & **Ref.** \\ \hline _Artentisa santonicum_ & Methanol & & 212.71 \(\pm\) 0.68 & [49] \\ \hline _Arthroncenum macrostachyum_ & Water & & \(10.24\pm 0.01\) & [31] \\ \cline{2-4}  & Ethyl acetate & & \(29.54\pm 0.78\) & [52] \\ \hline _Aster triploium_ & Acetone (80\%) & & \(223\pm 2.63\) & [3] \\ \cline{2-4}  & Methanol & & \(144.75\pm 0.59\) & [49] \\ \hline _Cladium mariscus_ & Acetone (80\%) & & \(254\pm 2.26\) & [3] \\ \hline _Carpobrotus edulis_ & Ethanol & & \(272.82\pm 5.59\) & [33] \\ \hline _Crithmun maritimum_ & Acetone (80\%) & & \(7.9\) & [39] \\ \cline{2-4}  & Water & & \(35.3\pm 2.98\) & [51] \\ \cline{2-4}  & Halimone portulacoides & Ethyl acetate & \\ \hline _Inula crithmoides_ & Acetone (80\%) & & \(14.59\pm 0.21\) & [52] \\ \hline _Ipomoea pes-caprae_ & Methanol (80\%) & & \(14.1\) & [39] \\ \hline _Limoniastrum monopelatum_ & Methanol & & \(54.21\pm 2.31\) & [34] \\ \cline{2-4}  & & \(15.85\) & [55] \\ \cline{2-4}  & & \(228\pm 2\) & [50] \\ \cline{2-4}  & & \(92.9\pm 1.45\) & [40] \\ \cline{2-4}  & & \(56.18\pm 0.92\) & [56] \\ \cline{2-4}  & & \(52.72\pm 3.17\) & [53] \\ \hline _Limoniastrum monopelatum_ & Water & & \(212.2\pm 4.8\) & [28] \\ \cline{2-4}  & & \(68.75\pm 1.07\) & [4] \\ \cline{2-4}  & & \(68.75\pm 1.07\) & [4] \\ \cline{2-4}  & & \(70.07\) & [10] \\ \cline{2-4}  & & \(6.75\pm 0.08\) & [32] \\ \cline{2-4}  & & \(42.28\pm 3.58\) & [34] \\ \cline{2-4}  & & \(117.12\pm 3.31\) & [41] \\ \cline{2-4}  & & \(137.0\) & [42] \\ \cline{2-4}  & & \(28.54\pm 1.13\) & [53] \\ \cline{2-4}  & & \(24.46\pm 0.16\) & [52] \\ \cline{2-4}  & & \(\sim\)-11 & [57] \\ \cline{2-4}  & & \(58.20\pm 0.44\) & [49] \\ \hline _Salicornia ramossissima_ & Acetone (80\%) & & \(74.1\pm 2.49\) & [3] \\ \cline{2-4}  & & \(12.9\pm 1.9\) & [5] \\ \cline{2-4}  & & \(15.02\pm 2.01\) & [58] \\ \hline _Salsola kali_ & Methanol & & \(17.23\pm 1.0\) & [43] \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Total phenolics measured from halophyte extracts with the Folin–Ciocalteu method. [PERSON] et al. [31] [PERSON] et al. [49], [PERSON] et al. [26], [PERSON] et al. [3], [PERSON] et al. [50], [PERSON] et al. [5], [PERSON] et al. [51], [PERSON] et al. [52], and [PERSON] et al. [32] used method by [PERSON] and [PERSON] [47]. [PERSON] et al. [53] used the method by [PERSON] et al. [54]. Other studies use the protocol by [PERSON] et al. [48]. Several different protocols have been established to determine the phenolic profile of plant extracts and measure the concentration of single bioactive compounds using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The analytical procedure used depends on the compounds of interest; this study presents procedures used in some of the reviewed studies and the main separated compounds detected. Various HPLC methods and phenolic profiles of halophyte extracts has previously been reviewed by [PERSON] et al. [61]. [PERSON] et al. [50] determined the concentration of phenolic compounds in _Limonium algarvense_ extract with a \"Mediterranean sea 18\" column, a mixture of methanol and aqueous acetic acid as mobile phase, and a diode array detector (DAD),. The targeted compounds with the highest concentrations were gallic acid (3.37 mg/gDM), catechin (2.87 mg/gDM), and salicylic acid (1.89 mg/gDM). However, [PERSON] et al. [32] identified phenolic acids from the closely related _Limonium delicatum_ by means of reverse-phase HPLC with an RPC18 column, aqueous a trifluoroacetic acid and acetonitrile mobile phase, and a DAD, finding the major compounds to be coumaric acid and chlorogenic acid; however, the compounds were not quantified. [PERSON] et al. [32] determined phenolic profile using the same method as [PERSON] et al. [50] and found the dry matter from _Mesembrumentum nodiforum_ extract to be rich in ferulic acid (15.3 ug/mgDW) and caffe acid (3.85 ug/mgDW).