# Facilitators and Barriers in Applying Building Information Modeling (BIM) for Construction Industry
## 3 Results
### The Utilization of BIM
When respondents were asked about the biggest obstacles in using BIM for construction, the answers show little variances. Each of the answer shares similar portion. A lack of experienced professionals and vague standards for production guidelines are two biggest obstacles in BIM for construction. Another factors prohibiting BIM is in a lack of necessity among construction professionals (20.51%) and increased costs of using BIM (10.26%). However, unlike BIM in design survey results, the difference between answers are not very significant. It seems like there are more various reasons for adopting BIM in construction than during design stage. For the level of expertise in BIM for construction, the dominant answer was a combination of modeler and coordinator. Similar pattern was observed in design and based on this observation, more experienced BIM experts are in demand for both design and construction processes. More detailed questions were given to understand how BIM is acknowledged for railway professionals. As seen in Figure 6, when railway professionals were asked about what are needed for railway designing using BIM, about 21% have answered that there should clearer and more specific work standards. This is similar to the previous answers and it could be regarded that many experts are requiring for more specific working standards for procurements and public job orders. The second answer shows that there should be more BIM education available, especially for rail industry, and people were expecting a proper compensation for BIM utilizations. Similar notions could be found for BIM in construction stage. The largest portion of the answer indicates that there should be clear job identifications and specific work standards and there should be a proper compensation system for using BIM in a rail project. An interesting answer can be found in a dedicated BIM professional in the field. About 16% answered that there should be a dedicated BIM expert for field operation and this is the second most request from the respondents. Figure 5: Preferences on BIM during Construction Stage. From the government's perspective, the authors have asked what are the most necessary part of using BIM in project contract and procurement process. The majority of the respondents have answered that design errors are the biggest asset in job ordering (38.2%). In addition, database creation and management is the key to successful contract management and system operation for a better maintenance (30.9%). On the other hand, the respondents answered that the biggest obstacle for government to use BIM is in its lack of understanding about BIM. Similar to working experts, the government professionals also have showed that more specifications should be prepared for BIM project delivery. The last part of the survey was designed to accommodate respondents' opinion on compensation system. The majority of the respondents have shown interests on a proper compensation for using BIM. About 80% of the answers have showed that there should be compensation for adopting BIM experts, such as a modeler or a coordinator. About the compensation rate, however, the answers showed a diverse range. About 27.7% have revealed that the rate for BIM experts should be negotiable with a fixed range and 23.4% have answered that it should be on actual usage-basis, closer to a man-hour basis. Other answers showed interests on 10 to 20% increase in total design fee (19.15%) and about 12.77% have answered that the entire design fee needs 20 to 30% increase for using BIM. As seen in Figure 7, construction experts think the compensation for using BIM needs to be based on actual costs associated with BIM implementation (41.03%). About 23.1% have answered that BIM for construction needs to be adjusted based on the percentage to the total construction fee. Although the system for paying BIM implementation showed a slightly different notion between design and construction, there is a strong demand for a proper compensation system when adopting BIM in AEC industry.