# A Literature Review on the Charging Behaviour of Private Electric Vehicles
## 2 Literature Review and Method
### Analysis of Users' Preferences and Needs
#### 2.2.1 Survey-Based Papers
Users' anxiety about charge opportunities strongly affects this value, which varies according to the type of user and their activities [51]. Based on a revealed preferences survey [52], the factors influencing the charging mode choice are battery capacity and SOC, the possibility of charging overnight, and the number of past fast-charge events. In addition, the interval of days between the current charge and the next trip has a positive effect on slow charging at home/workplace. Using a survey of BEV owners, [PERSON] et al. [53] identified three basic types of charging behavior: triggered by price and need; replenish whenever the opportunity arises; and based on a wider range of factors, including charging power, dwell time, and the cost of home charging. It also emerged that the majority of respondents were willing to pay more for fast charging compared to slow charging. The preferences expressed on some social media platforms by consumers highlight that direct current (DC) fast charging is popular with consumers for reducing charging times; that vehicle range is a concern when traveling long distances or using air conditioners; and that private charging is particularly appreciated by consumers but is hampered by the lack of dedicated parking spaces, especially in large cities [54]. From a questionnaire administered in Germany to owners and potential users of electric cars [13], it was found that motorway service stations, shops, and traditional filling stations are optimal candidates for fast-charging stations. A survey conducted by [PERSON] et al. [55] suggests that it is more important to build a fast charging network than to strengthen a slow one. Socio-Demographic and Psychological Aspects  
Demographic and social attributes impact travel patterns and influence daily EV load profiles [56]. In [57], a charging demand simulation method is proposed that considers people's demographics and social characteristics, e.g., gender, age, and education level, as well as travel-related spatiotemporal variables, which appear to have a considerable effect on the shape of the EV load profile, particularly for working days and workplaces. Males and workers are generally more likely to charge away from home, while owning an ICEV alongside an EV appears to increase the likelihood of only using home charging; age does not appear to have a statistically significant effect on the choice of charging location [58]. Those who claim to have travel flexibility and those who perceive mobility as a necessity tend to charge on the go. Drivers who plan their travels less tend to charge at home instead [58]. Users who choose public charging have a high-income level, tolerate waiting in line, and travel long distances; conversely, consumers who prefer to charge home at night are sensitive to charging prices [59]. [PERSON] et al. [60] showed that the choice of charging is significantly influenced by socio-demographic variables such as gender and risk aversion as well as by structural factors such as travel chain, the coverage of recharging facilities, travel distance, and perception of SOC. The choice of CP is affected by destination type, parking duration, charge price, next travel distance, travel chain, SOC, and risk aversion [60]. The aspects related to the charging experience are increasingly arousing the interest of researchers. [PERSON] et al. [61] analyzed user reviews collected online for public and private charging stations. The results show that nearly half of users reported having a negative experience at charging stations. The judgments of other users on EVSE quality of service and their attitudes toward risk influence the choice of infrastructure, especially for younger and higher-income users [62]. An approach combining survey and EV data is presented in [63]. The charging choice is influenced by sociodemographic characteristics, such as the type of home, income, and age but also the availability of domestic charging or free charging in the workplace.