esa-sceva/satcom-chunk-collection huggingface dataset:
# Experimental Study and Parameter Optimization of a Magnetic Coupled Piezoelectric Energy Harvester
## 4 Results and Discussion
### Experimental Results
#### 4.1.4 Optimal Results Analysis  
Based on the above parameter optimization, the comparison of linear conventional configuration and magnetic coupled configuration are shown in Figure 10. The frequency sweeping of simulation is at a 0.1 Hz interval in the 10-20 Hz range. In the processes of upward sweep in the experiment, 0.1 Hz interval is used in the fast-changing range and 0.5 Hz interval is used in the other ranges.  
The experimental results are basically matched with the simulation results, and there is within 6% error in the peak amplitude. In terms of frequency prediction, the nonlinear magnetic coupled beam has an error of 0.1 Hz. Compared with the linear configuration, the nonlinear results show that there is a significant increase in amplitude. The peak output voltage is increased by 16.7% in the simulation and 16.2% in the experiment. If the output power is used as a standard for comparison, which is the square of the voltage, the simulation is increased by 36.2% and the experiment is increased by 35.0%. The bandwidth is evaluated to 5V as the standard, which is a relatively commonly used voltage. The bandwidth increased by 33.3% from 2.1 (13.7-15.8) Hz to 2.8 (14.0-16.8) Hz in simulation and increased by 66.7% from 2.1 (13.8-15.9) Hz to 3.5 (14.0-17.5) Hz in experiment. In summary, a high performance harvester is achieved by magnetic coupling, improved in both amplitude and bandwidth after parameter optimization.  
Time series for the output voltage, acceleration in experiment and corresponding phase portraits curve in simulation are shown in Figure 11. In Figure 11g-i, the system enters large-scale periodic state to achieve the optimal amplitude in 15.3 Hz.  
Figure 10: Optimal output voltage: (**a**) Linear configuration; (**b**) Magnetic coupled configuration.  
Figure 9: Output voltage at different \(D\) with \(B_{r}=0.12\) T based on simulation and experiment.
## 3 Results and Analysis  
### Analysis of XRD Test Results  
Firstly, the XRD test is conducted on the test soil. The impact of incorporating UFC on the cement soil components is analyzed by accurately comparing the XRD test's results. Figure 6 shows the test results, and the major constituents of the test soil are (1) primary minerals: quartz (SiO\({}_{2}\)) (ICDD-PDF:79-1906), mica (KAl\({}_{2}\)(AlSi\({}_{3}\)O\({}_{10}\)) (OH)\({}_{2}\)) (ICDD-PDF:82-0576); (2) secondary minerals: kaolinite (Al\({}_{2}\)Si\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{5}\)(OH)\({}_{4}\)) (ICDD-PDF:78-1996). In addition  
Figure 5: Test procedure.  
to the above minerals, there are Goethite (FeO (OH)) (ICDD-PDF:81-0462) and Anatase (TiO\({}_{2}\)) (ICDD-PDF:21-1272).  
(a-f) in Figure 7 show the specimen's XRD patterns. (20% cement mixing ratio, 15% HA acid reagent content, pH = 6 FA solution, 90 d immersion time, 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50% different UFC proportion). Its main components are primary minerals: quartz (SiO\({}_{2}\)); secondary minerals: kaolinite (Al\({}_{2}\)Si\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{5}\)(OH)\({}_{4}\)), oxide (TiO\({}_{2}\)); hydration product: calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) (ICDD-PDF:34-0002).  
(a-f) in Figure 7 present the following phases by analysis. The related scholars' research results show that the cement's hydration product is mainly C-S-H. The diffraction angles 20 corresponding to the XRD pattern are generally 29.1\({}^{\circ}\), 31.8\({}^{\circ}\), 49.8\({}^{\circ}\), and 54.9\({}^{\circ}\)[35, 36, 37, 38]. (a-c) in Figure 7 indicate that the XRD patterns show the presence of C-S-H, C-A-S-H(ICDD-PDF:18-0276), and C-A-H(ICDD-PDF:12-0408). As the UFC proportion increases, the present phases do not transform into other phases.  
Figure 6: XRD pattern of the test soil (cohesive soil).  
Figure 7: X-ray diffraction patterns of specimens with various UFC proportions (HA 15%, pH = 6.0, 90 d).
###### Abstract  
During emergencies LTE/5G-based public mobile land networks (PLMNs) restrict network access by normal users, which means a lack of service reliability which limits application of LTE/5G for machine-type communication (MTC) in critical applications, such as power systems This paper shows how existing LTE/5G features can be used to differentiate MTC of devices in a microgrid from other MTC or human-to-human (H2H) communication and ensure that these microgrid devices have service during emergencies, which enables use of LTE/5G communication to co-ordinate the use of distributed energy resources (DER) in microgrids, so that they can autarkically perform blackout recovery of an islanded microgrid. It is shown that this method allows the blackout recovery 100 times faster than with a conventional black start. The microgrid blackout recovery is demonstrated using the LTE/5G PLMN Access Barring feature. The disadvantage of using PLMN-based Access Barring is the need to define two separate PLMNs in one radio cell, which is an inefficient use of radio spectrum. However, this can be avoided by using the Extended Access Class Barring (EAB) override or application-specific congestion control (ACDC) features of the CAT-M1 low-power wide-area MTC technology, which are included in LTE and 5G standards.  
5G; machine-type communication; microgrids; black start; emergency +
Footnote †: journal: Accepted: 28 September 2020; Published: 10 October 2020
# A Comprehensive Review of Mechanisms, Predictive Techniques, and Control Strategies of Rockburst
## 4 Rockburst Mechanisms
### Influence of Rock Materials  
Rockburst is generally more likely to occur in hard and brittle rock formations. An increase in coarse-grained columnar minerals and a decrease in fine-grained flake minerals can increase rock rigidity, thus increasing the likelihood of rockbursts [131]. [PERSON] investigated and compared the rockburst behavior of six types of intact hard and brittle rocks using a one-free-face true triaxial loading test [132]. The study discovered that tensile splitting near the free face accompanied granodiorite, granite, and marble strainbursts, resulting in higher rockburst intensity, whereas basalt, sandstone, and limestone primarily experienced shear rupture as the dominant failure mechanism. The primary factors that contribute to varying rockburst behavior in different rock types were identified as differences in inherent microstructures and fracture evolution under loading. The presence of structural planes influences rockburst phenomena in addition to inherent rock characteristics such as strength, stiffness, and fragmentation. The influence of structural planes on rockbursts can be divided into two categories. The first type is rockburst caused by local failure or sliding of structural planes, also known as fault- or structural-slip rockburst. The direct shear test is commonly used to investigate the mechanism of fault sliding and gain a better understanding of the occurrence of this type of rockburst [71].  
Shear failure of faults or discontinuities and the resulting dynamic disturbance wave are major triggering mechanisms for rockbursts in mining engineering [2,17,133]. Small-scale structural planes around the tunnel may also contribute to rockbursts in tunnel engineering. Interlocked sawteeth and asperity rupture can cause tensile failure in the hanging wall or footwall, resulting in rockbursts [134,135]. Bedding is the second most studied group of structural planes. Through UC testing on coal samples with varying dip angles, rockburst proneness was found to be strongest at 90\({}^{\circ}\), followed by 0\({}^{\circ}\), and weakest at 45\({}^{\circ}\)[136]. Rockbursts were less likely to occur when the dip angle was small but they could be more intense, based on a series of strainburst tests on bedded sandstone [137,138].
# Influence of Soil Characteristics on Wood Biodeterioration by Brown Rot Fungi
## 3 Results
### Long Term Exposition Test of Wood Pole Segments  
According to visual inspection, the untreated wood segments and the CC treated segments showed similar decay symptoms with large decay pockets, deep cracks and checks (Figure 3). This type of decay was induced by fungal mycelium that can easily access all treated and untreated parts of the wood. However, wood segments treated with CCB and ACQ did not show any external damage even if the fungi had colonised central parts of the pole into which the preservative does not readily penetrate. Pole segments treated with Cu-HDO showed early symptoms of decay such as small decay pockets and signs of incipient decay in central parts. The quantification of fungal decay by means of weight losses were in good agreement with visual observations. Weight losses of Cu-impregnated wood pole segments caused by brown rot fungi is illustrated in Table 3. Significant weight losses were recorded from control samples (29.9% \(\pm\) 7.9) and CC-treated wood (20.4% \(\pm\) 3.5) when compared with the other treatments. Wood treated with CCB and ACQ showed the highest durability against the mixture of brown rot fungi with low weight loss (0.0% \(\pm\) 4.7 for CCB and 5.3% \(\pm\) 1.1 for ACQ treated wood) after 24 months of incubation. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c} \hline \hline
**Wood Pole Treatment** & **Weight Loss (\%)** & **Moisture Content (\%)** \\ \hline Controls & 29.9 (a) \(\pm\) 7.9 & 101.3 (a) \(\pm\) 4.6 \\ CC & 20.4 (ab) \(\pm\) 3.5 & 113.7 (ab) \(\pm\) 4.1 \\ ACQ & 5.3 (c) \(\pm\) 1.1 & 113.4 (ab) \(\pm\) 2.3 \\ CCB & 0.0 (c) \(\pm\) 4.7 & 133.2 (ac) \(\pm\) 7.3 \\ Cu-HDO & 10.8 (cb) \(\pm\) 1.8 & 122.9 (ab) \(\pm\) 10.9 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}  
* Lowercase letters denote significant differences between weight losses in wood treated specimens after 24 months incubation. Data represented as mean \(\pm\) SD of three replicates (\(p<0.05\)).  
\end{table} 
Table 3: Weight losses of treated wood pole segments by brown rot fungi after 24 months.
## 2 Results and Discussion
### Targeted Analysis of Aroma-Related Volatile Compounds
#### 2.1.4 Predicted Aroma Difference between Regular and Decaffeinated Coffee  
As discussed previously, the reduced content of pyrazines was caused by the significantly reduced content of sucrose during the decaffeination process. Overall, 8 pyrazines out of 13 in the targeted aroma-related volatile list (Table 2) were found significantly different between R-R and D-R, between R-F and D-F, and between R-VO and D-VO, by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with a threshold of \(p<0.05\) (Figure 4). They were identified by the NIST library spectral similarity of 700/1000 and linear retention indices (LRIs) \(\pm\) 20. The 8 pyrazines are pyrazine, 3-ethyl-2,5-dimethyl-; pyrazine, 2,5-dimethyl-; pyrazine, methyl-; pyrazine, 2-ethenyl-5-methyl-; pyrazine, ethenyl-; pyrazine, 2,3-dimethyl-; pyrazine, 2-ethyl-6-methyl-; and pyrazine, 2-ethyl-5-methyl-. These pyrazines contribute to the nutty, roasted, chocolate, earthy, and musty aroma of the coffee [26; 27; 28; 29] (Table 2). Therefore, in this aspect, the decaffeinated coffees D-R, D-F, and D-VO would exhibit a relatively thinner aroma. (Figure 5).  
The amount of 2-furancarboxayaldehyde, 5-methyl- was higher in the decaffeinated coffee than in the regular coffee in all three pairs (Figure 5). This difference added more spice, caramel, and maple aroma in the decaffeinated coffee. Acetone and acetaldehyde were observed to be more concentrated in D-R and D-F than R-R and R-F. The fruity, ethereal, and wine aroma should be presented more intensively in the decaffeinated coffee.
## 4 Conclusions  
Concentrated NRL-based binders cannot compete with synthetic polymer-based binders such as PVAc in terms of resistance to scrubbing and wet abrasion. The performance of paint samples using a concentrated NRL binder is only half that of PVAc in various binder levels. However, NRL grafting monomer styrene or MMA showed much better resistance to wet scrub and abrasion than PVAc at monomer concentrations of 20% for styrene (sample NgSt20-4) and 30% for MMA (sample NgMMA30-4) with respective washability values reaching 11 and 12 cycles at a binder concentration of 4%. NgSt20-4 and NgMMA30-4 binders' ability to overcome wet scrub and abrasion increased with increasing paint binder concentrations, reaching 22 and 23 cycles at 10% binder concentration.  
Meanwhile, the combination of NRL grafted with styrene monomer (St) and methyl methacrylate (MMA) with 30% PVAc showed satisfactory performance. The combination of NRL grafted with monomer and PVAc showed the best washability performance. The combination sample of NRL grafted with monomer MMA and 30% PVAc (sample NgMMA30/PVAc-10) showed a value of 23 cycles at 10% binder content with a drying time of 80 min. Overall, the combination of NRL grafted with MMA monomer and 30% PVAc showed better performance and could compete with commercial binders such as PVAc. Adding methyl methacrylate monomer increases the adhesion and cohesion properties of the binder and increases the binder's resistance to scrubbing and wet abrasion. However, the combination of NRL grafted MMA and 30% PVAc showed the same effectiveness as NRL grafted MMA without PVAc, with a more economical production cost complex.  
Conceptualization, B.I. and Z.H.; methodology, I.F.; validation, B.I., Z.H., N. and A.W.; formal analysis, A.W., I.F. and J.M.; investigation, A.W., N., I.F. and J.M.; resources, J.M.; data curation, A.W. and J.M.; writing--original draft preparation, B.I. and Z.H.; writing--review and editing, B.I., A.W. and I.F.; visualization, N. and I.F.; supervision, B.I., N. and Z.H.; project administration, B.I.; funding acquisition, B.I. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
This research was funded by DRTPM Kemdikbudristek, Government of the Republic of Indonesia.  
**Acknowledgments:** The author thanks the DRTPM Kendikbudristek, the Government of the Republic of Indonesia, for funding this research. The author also thanks PT Warna Indah Tirta Asia (WITA), Pekanbaru, Indonesia, for providing the materials for the experiments.  
**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest.
# A Lightweight Chaotic Map-Based Key Agreement Scheme for the Advanced Metering Infrastructure
## 6 Performance Evaluation
### Computation Cost
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Scheme** & **SM Execution Time (ms)** & **DC Execution Time (ms)** & **Communication Cost (Bits)** \\ \hline Ref. [13] & \(4T_{m}+2T_{a}+4T_{H}\) & \(4 nT_{m}+2 nT_{a}+4 nT_{H}\) & \(896\) + \(896\) =\(1792\) \\ Ref. [2] & \(3T_{m}+T_{a}+4T_{H}\) & \(3 nT_{m}+nT_{a}+4 nT_{H}\) & \(736\) + \(736\) + \(1472\) \\ Ref. [17] & \(3T_{m}+2T_{s}+4T_{H}\) & \(4 nT_{m}+2 nT_{s}+6 nT_{H}\) & \(768\) + \(768\) = \(1536\) \\ Ref. [20] & \(2T_{m}+7T_{H}\) & \(2 nT_{m}+4 nT_{H}\) & \(704\) + \(672\) = \(1376\) \\ Ref. [18] & \(2T_{m}+5T_{H}\) & \(2 nT_{m}+11 nT_{H}\) & \(864\) + \(832\) = \(1696\) \\ Ours & \(3T_{C}+10T_{H}\) & \(3 nT_{C}+8 nT_{H}\) & \(560\) + \(496\) = \(1056\) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Comparison of computation cost and communication cost.
## 2 Engineering Materials and Methods
### Regional Hydrology
#### 2.3.1 Groundwater Flow Field  
During the excavation of the tunnel, groundwater flows into the tunnel, and the water level falls, causing a decrease in the surface water level and depletion of springs and wells. This problem can be solved by determining the boundary position of the seepage field, especially the boundary of the seepage-free surface. The tailwater tunnel of the Wuyue pumped storage power station is at the tail of the Wuyue Reservoir, and the hydrogeological conditions are complex.  
A hydrogeological investigation was carried out around the axis of the tailwater tunnel using a radiation method to determine the boundary position of the groundwater flow field and the boundary of the seepage-free surface. The northern and southern sides of the survey area were bounded by ridges, the western side was bounded by Laoshanzhai, and the eastern side was bounded by the Wuyue Reservoir, and the survey area covered approximately 70 km\({}^{2}\). The survey included 349 wells, 225 ponds, and 6 reservoirs. After the survey data were summarized, collated, and analyzed, the regional water level contour map was drawn with the Surfer software package (Figure 4). The results from the hydrogeological investigation and borehole exposure showed that the groundwater types in the engineering area were controlled by the characteristics of the stratigraphic lithology and geological structure. There were two main types of groundwater in the engineering area, namely bedrock fissure water and phreatic pore water in the upper soil. There was also a small amount of fissure-confined water in the deeply weathered rock mass or in thicker parts of the Quaternary system.  
Figure 5 shows the groundwater level along the A-A' transect (Figure 4), the elevation information of the area, and the location and elevation of the tailwater tunnel section.
# Wind Loads on Overhead Sign Structures: A Comparative Study
## 4 Results
### Turbulence Intensity in the Wake  
Figure 8 shows the porous cases having a significant reduction in turbulence intensity, reducing the turbulence in the zones near the top and bottom wake of the standard panel. The curved panel has results similar to the standard sign panel with a slight reduction in turbulence intensity. The wake of the 200 holes panel exhibits a region of low turbulence intensity. This fact is because of the nature of the opening that the flow tends to be more uniform behind the body, but later these horizontal jets of air tend to meet, mix, and increase turbulence.  
Figure 9 shows that the airflow passing through the porous holes is deviated and sheds downwind in the wake. However, the panels with porous holes develop a buffer region of low velocity and low turbulence and move the vorticity region downstream. The buffer region would end where it meets the moved vorticity, and the airflow is either allowed to flow through the center or forced to above or below and shed downwind with a minor contribution. This buffer region can be easily seen in the turbulence intensity around the panel with 200 holes (Figure 8c). The curved panel exhibits less resistance and permits air to flow over the top and bottom edges with less effort, lowering the amount of airflow over the sides. This curved sign panel, even with such a large radius, has very similar characteristics to that of a streamlined body.  
The current study examined panels with a 1:2 height-to-width ratio. The extended width of the sign panel provides a flow path with immense resistance, resulting in an increased flow traveling over the top and bottom edges. This faster flow around the edges of the panel results in more entrainment from the wake into the shear layers, thus lowering the pressure on the leeward face and a higher drag [(20)].  
Figure 8: Contours of turbulence intensity around: (**a**) standard panel, (**b**) 28 staggered holes, (**c**) 200 uniform square holes, (**d**) 10 rectangular slots, and (**e**) curved.
# A Novel Top-Down Fabrication Process for Vertically-Stacked Silicon-Nanowire Array
## 1 Introduction
The fabrication method developed herein is based on a number of processes: UV lithography, silicon dry-etching, anisotropic wet-etching, and thermal oxidation. The UV lithography has an advantage in terms of cost and wafer-level process rather than E-beam lithography. In addition, this process has advantages in terms of the substrate transfer process for manufacturing flexible electronic devices, as shown in our previous papers. The width of the silicon nanowire is defined according to the precisely-controlled wet-oxidation time. Figure 1 shows the fabrication of a laterally aligned silicon-nanowire array in a single layer. However, for sensors that use silicon-nanowire structures, both sensitivity and dynamic range depend on the number and dimension of silicon nanowires. Indeed, according to the aforementioned methods, increasing the number of silicon nanowires to improve overall performance inevitably increases the size of the device in question. In this paper, a novel top-down method for fabricating vertically-stacked silicon-nanowire array is presented. Compared to previous results, this method enables the fabrication of lateral silicon-nanowire arrays in a vertical direction, thereby enabling an increased number of silicon nanowires on a finite dimension, which, in turn, results in increased sensitivity and dynamic range. The proposed fabrication process uses a single UV lithography process, multiple deep reactive-ion etching (DRIE) processes, and a wet-oxidation process. The number and dimensions of the silicon nanowires are determined according to the DRIE-process conditions and the wet-oxidation process times; moreover, it is possible to fabricate multiple silicon nanowires at a single location by UV lithography. The remainder of this paper explains the detailed monolithic-fabrication process of vertically-stacked silicon-nanowire arrays. This is followed by a dimensional and structural analysis of the fabrication results in relation to the specific process steps. The manuscript concludes with a discussion on the implications of the method as well as the applicable areas.
### Background
#### 1.1.1 Fragmentation and End Repair  
In this step, samples are fragmented into constant pieces to make them compliant with sequencing. This fragmentation occurs because short-read sequencing technologies such as Illumina's cannot analyze the very lengthy DNA strands.  
After applying fragmentation, the DNA fragments are then end repaired. A single adenine base is added to formulate an overhang through an A-tailing reaction. The A-overhang permits the adapters to have a single thymine overhanging base to pair with DNA fragments [14].