# Urban Flood Risk Assessment Based on a Combination of Subjective and Objective Multi-Weight Methods
## 4 Conclusions  
This study took Liaocheng City as its research area on the basis of analyzing the characteristics of spatial and temporal changes in precipitation and the causes of disaster risk. We utilized the theory of disaster science and analyzed flood risk from three aspects: disaster-causing factors, disaster-prone environments, and disaster-bearing bodies. Considering different return periods, we adopted the subjective-objective combination assignment method for the risk of disaster-causing factors. For assessing the exposure to disaster-prone environments and the vulnerability of affected populations, we utilized the CRITIC-entropy weight objective empowerment method. Additionally, we employed the AHP subjective empowerment method for the criterion layer in order to set up the risk evaluation index system for Liaocheng City's flood disaster and make use of GIS spatial analysis technology to assess the flood disaster risk and risk area zoning. The results indicate the following:  
1. This regional flood risk assessment model based on a combination of subjective and objective multi-weight methods fully considers the role of expert experience and objective data, makes up for the shortcomings of single-weighting and machine learning models, and can simultaneously avoid the subjectivity of results and uncertainty of parameters, thus obtaining more accurate decision-making results and evaluating urban flood disaster risks more scientifically. This study represents important basic work for disaster prevention and mitigation in plain cities and is of great significance for improving the flood prevention capacity of urban areas, decreasing the risk level, and promoting economic development. 2. The spatial distribution of flood risk in Liaocheng City is characterized by a higher severity in the western and central parts and a lower severity in the south and north. With the change in return periods, the medium-to-very-high-risk area gradually moves southward in the central part and gradually expands in the western part. Among them, the high-risk area is concentrated in Dongchangfu District. The distribution of flood exposure is scattered and generally at a low level, but flood exposure is higher in the central and southwestern parts. The area of very high exposure is mainly concentrated in Dongchangfu District and Shenxian County. The spatial distribution trend of flood vulnerability shows a gradually weakening trend from the southwest to the northeast, with high vulnerability overall. Very-high-vulnerability areas are concentrated in Dongchangfu District, Shenxian County, Guanxian County, and Linqing City. 3. The spatial distribution of the comprehensive risk of flooding in Liaocheng City indicates high risk in the central and western parts of the city and relatively low risk in the south and north. Comprehensive risk was dominated by medium and low risk, with medium-risk and low-risk areas mainly being distributed in Linqing City, Chiping District, and Shenxian County. Very-low-risk areas are mainly distributed in Gaotang County. With the gradual increase in return periods, the overall spatial distribution of medium-to-very-high-risk areas in risk zoning gradually shrinks, and the spatial distribution of very-high-risk areas gradually moves south but maintains a stable distribution law. The high-risk areas of Liaocheng City, in terms of comprehensive flood risk, are mainly distributed in Guanxian County and tend to be concentrated with the increase in return periods. Very-high-risk areas increase with the increase in the recurrence period, expanding from 4.18% to 7.16%, which are concentrated in Dongchangfu District. 4. The research results can provide decision support for scientific and efficient flood risk management.