## 3 Results
### Determinants of Ways of Obtaining/Purchasing Honey  
Most respondents received honey from family and friends (49.0%) and bought it at a marketplace (40.3%). More than a third of the respondents indicated that they bought honey from an apiary, and nearly one in four respondents did so at a supermarket. Less-popular places of purchase included online shopping sites = (16.4%) and neighbourhood stores (11.3%). The respondents were least likely to buy honey at organic (8.5%) and fruit and vegetable (5.1%) stores (Figure 6).  
Figure 4: Factors determining the choice of honey (\(n\) = 434, average on a scale: (1—unimportant, 2—rather not important, 3—moderately important, 4—rather important, 5—very important).  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Specification**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Women vs. Men**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Younger vs. Older**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Lower vs. Higher Education**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Lover vs. Higher**} \\  & & & & & \\ \hline Method of production of the honey & \(-\)0.47 & 4.30 * & \(-\)2.16 * & \(-\)4.12 * \\ Place of sale & 1.29 & 3.10 * & \(-\)2.66 * & \(-\)3.40 * \\ Price & 2.70 * & \(-\)3.85 * & 3.40 * & 3.92 * \\ Taste/type & \(-\)0.27 & \(-\)0.94 & 0.91 & 0.97 \\ Consistency & 3.11 * & \(-\)4.92 * & 1.66 & 3.08 * \\ Colour & 2.82 * & \(-\)2.11 * & 2.49 * & 1.92 \\ Pack size & 4.16 * & \(-\)4.92 * & 3.44 * & 2.63 * \\ Type of packaging & 1.25 & 2.63 * & \(-\)0.86 & \(-\)0.57 \\ Information on the label & 3.01 * & \(-\)0.94 & 2.37 * & 1.87 \\ The attractiveness of the label & 3.19 * & \(-\)3.17 * & 1.77 & 1.23 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}  
* \(p\) < 0.05.  
\end{table}
Table 3: Determinants of purchasing decisions regarding choice of honey (\(n\) = 434, Mann–Whitney test).  
Figure 5: Preferences in types of honey (\(n\) = 434, data in %).  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Specification** & **Women vs. Men** & **Younger vs. Older** & \
\begin{tabular}{c} **Lower vs. Higher** \\ **Education** \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} **Lower vs. Higher** \\ **Income** \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline Multifloral & \(-1.18\) & \(-0.27\) & \(1.69\) & \(0.52\) \\ Acacia & \(0.08\) & \(1.53\) & \(-1.47\) & \(-0.77\) \\ Honeydew & \(0.97\) & \(-1.56\) & \(-0.01\) & \(-2.04\) * \\ Buckwheat & \(0.68\) & \(0.40\) & \(-0.05\) & \(-0.72\) \\ Rapeseed & \(0.13\) & \(-0.63\) & \(0.84\) & \(-0.55\) \\ Lime & \(0.02\) & \(0.06\) & \(-0.99\) & \(-1.44\) \\ Heather & \(-0.44\) & \(1.92\) & \(-1.44\) & \(-2.87\) * \\ Forest & \(-3.31\) * & \(4.21\) * & \(-1.96\) & \(-3.35\) * \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 4: Determinants of respondents’ preference for honey type (\(n\) = 434, Mann–Whitney test).  
Figure 6: Ways of obtaining honey (\(n\) = 434, data in %).  
It follows from the analysis of the demographic-economic differentiation of the ways of obtaining and places of purchasing honey that men are statistically significantly more likely to buy honey from neighbourhood shops as well as fruit and vegetable shops, while women are more likely to obtain honey from friends and family. Younger people (18-46 years) are more likely to buy honey in markets and bazaars and online, while older people obtain honey from family and friends. People with lower education are more likely to buy honey in neighbourhood shops and supermarkets, while respondents with higher education tend to buy honey directly from apiaries and online. The level of income significantly differentiates the purchasing behaviour of respondents only in the case of online shopping being common among those better-off (Table 5).