# Geo-Spatial Context Provision for Digital Twin Generation
## 2 CPS-Based Vaccine Logistics  
The use case that we utilize throughout this article was inspired by issues concerning the distribution of vaccines in the context of COVID-19, with different types of vaccine requiring different transport and storage conditions. It pertains to supporting the handling and packaging of vaccines as part of the distribution process (during the \"last mile\", i.e., local redistribution) through automation and IoT technologies. The result is a CPS encompassing different components. To support the monitoring of transport conditions, transport boxes are dynamically equipped with sensors, depending on the specific requirements of the payload (i.e., the vaccine). Examples of potential sensors include temperature sensors for vaccines that require constant cooling to a certain temperature (as is the case with the COVID-19 vaccine of Pfizer-BioNTech), humidity sensors to detect potential spills, and shock sensors to indicate potential damage. Transport boxes equipped with such sensors can be used for real-time monitoring of conditions, with abnormalities triggering immediate interventions, such as notifications of the relevant stakeholders. They can similarly be used for auditing purposes, to showcase the integrity of transported payloads. The tasks necessary for preparing the boxes are automated and carried out by a robot. This robot is equipped with an arm unit for interaction with its environment and a scanner to sense and assess its surroundings. For showcasing the proposed digital twin architecture and the related concepts, the specific type of robot to be used is not important (due to the used abstraction mechanisms that will be detailed further below), as long as it can execute the required behavior and provide the required data. For a prototype set-up that is in the works at the time of writing this article, Boston Dynamic's robot dog Spot (see [[https://www.bostondynamics.com/products/spot](https://www.bostondynamics.com/products/spot)]([https://www.bostondynamics.com/products/spot](https://www.bostondynamics.com/products/spot)), retrieved 8 June 2022) is used, due to availability and since there exist options for the required periphery (see [[https://www.bostondynamics.com/sites/default/files/inline-files/spot-arm.pdf](https://www.bostondynamics.com/sites/default/files/inline-files/spot-arm.pdf)]([https://www.bostondynamics.com/sites/default/files/inline-files/spot-arm.pdf](https://www.bostondynamics.com/sites/default/files/inline-files/spot-arm.pdf)) and [[https://www.bostondynamics.com/sites/default/files/inline-files/spot-eap.pdf](https://www.bostondynamics.com/sites/default/files/inline-files/spot-eap.pdf)]([https://www.bostondynamics.com/sites/default/files/inline-files/spot-eap.pdf](https://www.bostondynamics.com/sites/default/files/inline-files/spot-eap.pdf)), retrieved 8 June 2022). It should be noted that in an industrial warehouse setting, there exist potentially cheaper options that can provide the necessary features for implementing such a set-up, such as various Automated Guided Vehicles (AGVs). The environment the robot operates in includes three types of shelves that, respectively, house vaccine packages, the transport boxes, and available sensors.