## 6 Conclusions and Future Work
The system can consider the drivers' backgrounds or other factors to estimate the reasonable hourly parking fee in the area. It can even further change the regional joint pricing to regional joint bidding to further achieve the purpose of parking space usage control. The system will not only achieve the purpose of pricing by quantity but also change the mentality of drivers who expect to find a cheap parking space by chance. By directly throwing the decision of parking price into the hands of the market, the actual supply and demand of parking spaces determines the market price. If it can cooperate with the automatic driving system, there may be more scheduling possibilities. Through the connection between the Internet of Vehicles system and the parking lot, the vehicle can drive to a nearby parking lot by itself and, when necessary, cooperate with the parking mechanism in the area to park in a suitable parking lot. The current parking fee or the distance of the parking lot from the car owner can be used as consideration for selecting adjacent parking lots. The driver only needs to provide an estimated departure time, and the system can automatically complete all the intermediate matching processes. The above is a brief description of the subsequent system development. In practical applications, shared parking spaces, car-hailing, ride-sharing, and autonomous driving systems can all be linked with the parking lot. As shown in Figures 17 and 18, each grid in the figure is a specific area within the city. If the parking fee in some areas is high, the driver will inevitably park the vehicle in a nearby location with a lower fee (the green squares in the figures). With the popularization of the Internet of Vehicles and the improvement of network speed in the future, it will not be a problem to obtain the parking fees of all nearby locations. For price-sensitive driving, the parking location will also be changed under the influence of the parking price difference. The parking behavior and parking difficulty of the whole city can also be changed under the implementation of such a system. This is what this research refers to, the dynamic parking fee system designed for shared parking lots. Such a system can involve both official and private parking operators. Of course, it is impossible for private operators alone to quickly grasp all parking information in the city. However, if the government provides suggested prices for private operators to follow up, it will be beneficial to both parties. Private operators can earn higher profits from it, and the  
Figure 18: Demonstrations of the price distribution (irregular areas). government can also relieve the parking pressure of parking hotspots with the assistance of private operators. As long as the available parking spaces of each parking lot in the area can be quickly and accurately estimated in real time, the subsequent systems will be developed on this basis. Of course, the most important thing is that the 5G Internet of Vehicles in the city must be popularized. The software and hardware of important parking lots must be upgraded together so that there is a chance to make such a smart city shared parking dynamic pricing system a reality. There are three main contributions of this study:  
* This study provides a new idea to quickly estimate the current available parking spaces in a large area. This method can be implemented in the absence of data, which is very conducive to field application. * This study sorts out the parking status of various fields, and discusses the possible real problems in various fields, as well as the possible impact on the estimation of available parking spaces. * This study proposes a thinking strategy for using parking prices to control parking behavior at the city level, trying to quickly alleviate parking demand in hot areas with rapidly changing dynamic parking fees. Writing--review and editing, W.-M.C. ; supervision, S.-M.W. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. This research received no external funding.