## 1 Introduction  
Monocarbon compounds such as multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), carbonized biomaterials and fullerite C\({}_{60}\) are widely used to produce new nanostructured materials. MWCNTs are chemically resistant to aggressive environments, and have large external surface area, exceptional resistance to mechanical stress and thermal conductivity due to their nanostructure, in which carbon atoms are strongly bonded with each other. This structural features make MWCNTs a promising material for a wide range of different applications. Fullerite C60 is a promising compound for creating new materials and nanostructures by hot isostatic pressing (HIP) in an inert medium. One of the popular applications of carbon nanotubes is their use as a substrate for the preparation of catalysts by depositing metal carbides and oxides on their outer surface. In this case, a large specific surface area of nanotubes turns out to be the most demanded parameter. An alternative to nanotubes are natural biomaterials, which have a branched architecture with a large external surface area. During high-temperature treatment in inert atmosphere, such objects undergo graphitization with retaining their volumetric structure.  
Modern technologies for the production of fullerites [1; 2; 3] and carbon nanotubes [4; 5] ensure their production in macroscopic quantities. Extreme biomimetics [6; 7; 8; 9; 10] remains to be one of the promising directions in the creation of composites based on thermostable and chemically resistant biopolymers with unique pre-existing three-dimensional (3D) architecture [11; 12]. Recently, it was shown [13; 14; 15; 16] that the use of natural marine sponge 3D spongin-based frameworks opens the window for special applications also with respect to carbonization. For example, the sponge-scaffold carbonization in argon at temperatures up to 1200 \({}^{\circ}\)C leads to the formation of a three-dimensional nanoporous structure of turbostatic graphite, which turned out to be promising for the formation of composite materials for the preparation of catalysts for chemical processes [13]. One of the important applications of MWCNTs and carbonized sponge scaffold (CSS) is the composite material synthesis by depositing metal compounds on their outer graphene-like surface. An important problem in the production of such materials is to determine the mechanism of the coating-layer adhesion to the chemically inert outer surface. This task requires knowledge of the atomic-chemical composition of compounds on the surface. The same problem arises for fullerite C\({}_{60}\) modified by HIP in an inert argon atmosphere. The conducted studies [17; 18; 19] have shown that the presence of oxygen-containing groups on the carbon material surface has a strong influence on the formation of metal-containing coating layers on the MWCNT and CSS outer surface as well as in fullerene C\({}_{60}\) HIP treatment. In particular, the presence of oxides on the outer surface of carbonized materials can provide good adhesion of metal coatings through the formation of carbon-oxygen-metal bridge bonds during deposition. The main purpose of this work is to determine the quantitative concentration of oxygen atoms and molecular compounds on the surfaces of CSS in comparison with ones on the surface of MWCNTs, highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) and C\({}_{60}\) powder.