###### Abstract
[PERSON] et al. [19; 20; 21] proposed an \"analogous hyperbola (hyperboloid)\" theoretical model for overburden movement. This model integrates the mechanical analysis of breaking patterns in different strata and similar simulation experiments. These studies have significantly enriched ground control theory in coal mining. Coal bursts in the roadway strongly correlate with the stress induced by mining operations and the energy evolution within the roadway surrounding rock [22; 23; 24; 25; 26]. Scholars have conducted extensive research grounded in theoretical modelling, physical experiments, numerical computations, and in situ measurements, laying the groundwork for analyzing the stability of roadway surrounding rock. [PERSON] et al. [27] measured the lateral abutment pressure distribution within coal pillars and, based on this, proposed a mechanical model validated through numerical simulation. To establish roof fracture criteria, [PERSON] et al. [28] developed a dynamic roof structure model through monitoring, analysis, and simulation. [PERSON] et al. [29] examined the stress evolution properties of GSRs through numerical simulation. They elucidated the load transfer mechanism of the surrounding rock and developed a model for it. [PERSON] et al. [30] conducted large-scale physical similar simulation experiments to study mining-induced stress evolution. Their results revealed an arch-shaped distribution for principal stress with high stress concentrations at the arch shoulders and varying vertical stress patterns in different areas. [PERSON] et al. [31; 32] conducted computational modelling analysis regarding the rotation characteristics of stress in deep mining. They proposed and field-tested a method to improve roof stability by controlling stress rotation. [PERSON] et al. [33] highlighted that the abrupt discharge of accumulated energy is the leading cause of coal bursts. The intensity of coal bursts correlates closely with the degree of energy accumulation. Previous research has focused on the roof structures of the working face and their mechanical analysis, examining the patterns of stress redistribution and energy accumulation in the roadway surrounding rock. However, few studies have quantitatively examined the relationship between roof structures and loads on GSRs at the initial weighting stage (IWS) and full mining stage (FMS) of GSWFs. This problem is particularly evident in thick and hard roofs in the Ordos region. The mechanism by which different roof structures load the GSR surrounding rock remains to be determined. Coal bursts in GSRs are closely linked to roof structure morphology and its loading effect on roadway surrounding rock. Addressing this problem, we develop roof structure models of DWFs for various stages of GSWFs and analyze the load sources of the GSR surrounding rock. A stress calculation method for the roadway surrounding rock is proposed which can quantitatively evaluate the load patterns in the roadway surrounding rock. Concurrently, we analyze the distribution of stress and energy in roadway surrounding rock through numerical simulation. This study provides a valuable framework to understand the underlying mechanisms and mitigate the risk of coal bursts in GSRs.