## 3 Results and Discussion
### Relevance of the Club Learning Experience to the Club Respondents' Learning Outcomes
* Student club committee members studying at the School of Medicine were positively relevant to \"intrinsic self-development\", \"interpersonal interaction skills\", and \"practical skills\". * Student club committee members with more \"years of experience\" were positively relevant to \"cognitive integration and critical thinking\". \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Club Learning**} & \multicolumn{5}{c}{**Club Learning Outcomes**} \\ \cline{2-6}  & **Knowledge** & **Intrinsic** & **Interpersonal** & **Cognitive** & **Social Care and** \\
**Experiences** & **Integration and** & **Self-Development** & **Interaction Skills** & **Critical Thinking** & **Civic Literacy** \\ \hline organizational & & & & & \\ operation & 0.634 * & 0.617 * & 0.568 * & 0.488 * & 0.376 * \\ experience & & & & & \\ \hline activity & & & & & \\ organization & 0.587 * & 0.624 * & 0.589 * & 0.550 * & 0.546 * \\ experience & & & & & \\ \hline club involvement & & & & & \\ experience & 0.709 * & 0.731 * & 0.658 * & 0.595 * & 0.477 * \\ experience & & & & & \\ attending & 0.602 * & 0.587 * & 0.571 * & 0.517 * & 0.480 * \\ training courses & & & & & \\ \hline experience & & & & & \\ participating & 0.467 * & 0.471 * & 0.445 * & 0.390 * & 0.428 * \\ in activities & & & & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}  
* Pearson’ s r, Significance (two-tailed tests).  
\end{table} 
Table 5: Relevance of the club learning experience to the club respondents’ learning outcomes. * Student club committee members who are club leaders were negatively relevant to \"knowledge integration and application\", \"intrinsic self-development\", and \"interpersonal interaction skills\". * \"Gender\", \"grade\", \"pre-college club experience\", and \"average time spent in the club per week\" of student club committee members had no significant impact on the self-assessment of their learning outcomes. * Learning outcomes were most influenced by \"club involvement experience\", followed by \"activity organization experience\", \"experience in attending training courses\", \"organizational operation experience\", and \"experience in participating in activities\". Learning experiences had a significant and positive impact on learning outcomes. These findings echo [PERSON] and [PERSON]'s study, which found that students believe they gain the least from their school experience concerning humanistic literacy [30; 31]. The US CAS highlights the importance of humanitarianism and civic engagement by emphasizing the ability to recognize multicultural and international perspectives as an essential learning outcome [13; 32; 33; 34]. The data showed that personal background of student club committee members in public schools was positively related to \"knowledge integration and application\", \"intrinsic self-development\", and \"interpersonal interaction skills\" and negatively related to \"social care and civic literacy\". The personal background of student club committee members in general schools was positively related to \"intrinsic self-development\". The personal background of student club committee members with more years of experience was positively related to \"cognitive integration and critical thinking\". The personal background of the student club leaders was negatively related to \"knowledge integration and application\", \"intrinsic self-development\", and \"interpersonal interaction skills\", likely because their years of experience as leaders were not enough for the self-assessment of their learning outcomes. \"Gender\", \"grade\", \"pre-college club experience\", and \"average time spent in the club per week\" did not affect the student club committee members' learning perceptions of learning outcomes. Overall, the learning experience of student club committee members significantly positively impacted learning outcomes.