## 3 Results
### RQ2: Communicative Competence  
To answer RQ2, both the intensity of the communication and its effectiveness in successfully agreeing on an appointment were analyzed. Table 2 shows the results obtained in the experimental test that help to answer this research question. With regard to the first aspect, an independent \(t\)-test showed that the number of messages sent (M) was much higher for the ExpGr than for the ContrGr. Hedges' g suggests that this is a large effect. [PERSON]'s test indicated unequal variances (F = 19.26, \(p\) < 0.001), so degrees of freedom were adjusted from 41 to 25. Similarly, the number of \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**ExpGr (Digital)**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**ContGr (Paper)**} & \\  & & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**n\({}_{1}\) = 21**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**n\({}_{2}\) = 22**} & \\
**Category** & **Variable** & **m** & **sd** & **m** & **sd** & **Hypothesis Testing** \\ \hline Messages & Total Messages (M) & 138.48 & 41.916 & 81.23 & 15.823 & **t (25) = 5.87, \(p\) < 0.001**, g = 1.774 ** \\ Turns & Total Turns (T) & 84.19 & 17.679 & 37.41 & 7.417 & **t (27) = 11.22, \(p\) < 0.001**, g = 3.387 ** \\ Activities (in pairs) & Total Activities in Pairs (AP) & 8.19 & 1.436 & 6.86 & 2.315 & **t (35) = 2.27, \(p\) = 0.029, g = 0.676 ** \\  & Pending Activities in Pairs (PAP) & 0.67 & 0.913 & 1.09 & 0.921 & **t = 16.9 = 0.095, \(r_{\rm th}\) = 0.281 ** \\  & Agreed Activities in Pairs (AAP) & 3.05 & 1.802 & 3.41 & 1.790 & **t = 205.5, \(p\) = 0.536, \(r_{\rm th}\) = 0.110 ** \\  & Not Correctly Agreed (NCAAP) & 4.48 & 2.015 & 2.36 & 1.432 & **t (41) = 3.98, \(p\) < 0.001, g = 1.191 * \\ Activities (in trio) & Total Activities in Groups of Three (AT) & 1.95 & 1.024 & 3.32 & 1.555 & **t = 104.5, \(p\) < 0.001**, \(r_{\rm th}\) = **-0.548 *** \\  & Pending Activities in Groups of Three (PAT) & 0.38 & 0.590 & 0.73 & 8.27 & **t = 180.5, \(p\) = 0.169, \(r_{\rm th}\) = \(-0.219\) *** \\  & Agreed Activities in Groups of Three (AAT) & 0.57 & 0.746 & 0.45 & 0.671 & **t = 249, \(p\) = 0.625, \(r_{\rm th}\) = 0.078 ** \\  & Not Correctly Agreed Activities in Groups of Three (NCAAT) & 1.00 & 0.949 & 2.14 & 1.424 & **t (41) = \(-306\), \(p\) = 0.004, g = \(-0.918\) * \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} Note. * Student \(t\)-test, ** Welch \(t\)-test, *** Mann–Whitney U test. Significant results are in bold. Note. For the U test, effect size is given by the rank biserial correlation. Note. For the \(t\)-test, effect size is given by Hedges’s g.  
\end{table} 
Table 2: Descriptive statistics and hypothesis testing results in order to answer RQ2. Figure 10: Descriptive plot showing significant differences between both groups regarding the number of sentences of a single word (S1W). Figure 9: Boxplots showing significant differences between both groups regarding the correct language use. turns (T) was greater for the ExpGr than for the ContrGr. Hedges' g suggests that this is a huge effect and [PERSON]'s test indicated unequal variances (F = 6.82, \(p\) = 0.013), so degrees of freedom were adjusted from 41 to 27. Figure 11 shows the differences between both groups regarding these variables. An independent \(t\)-test showed that the total number of activities negotiated in pairs (AP) was greater for the ExpGr than for the ContrGr. Hedges' g suggests that this is a medium effect. [PERSON]'s test indicated unequal variances (F = 6.84, \(p\) = 0.012), so degrees of freedom were adjusted from 41 to 35. Conversely, a Mann-Whitney test showed that the total number of activities negotiated in groups of three (AT) was higher for the ContrGr than for the ExpGr. A Mann-Whitney test showed that there was no statistically significant difference in the number of activities agreed upon in pairs (AAP) between the ExpGr and the ContrGr. There was also no significant difference regarding the number of activities agreed upon in groups of three (AAT) between the ExpGr and the ContrGr.