## 2 Materials and Methods
### Data Collection
#### 2.3.2 Satellite Imagery  
PRISMA is a satellite hyperspectral push-broom sensor with a GSD of 30 m, a swath of 30 km, and a spectral resolution better than 12 nm in the spectral range from 400 nm to 2500 nm. Sentinel-2 is an operational wide-swath (290 km), high-resolution (10 m), and multispectral (13 bands) imaging satellite constellation with a 5-day revisit frequency. Based on the crop calendar (Table 1) and crop ground truth occurrence maps (Table 2), the dataset used for this study was divided into three cultivations consisting of winter, summer, and perennial crops. This study applied PRISMA hyperspectral images for all the sites, and 12 images from Jolanda di Savoia, 11 images from Maccarese, and 15 images from MKK were available. Moreover, the closest (\(\pm\)6 days to each PRISMA acquisition) Sentinel-2 cloudy free images (11 bands resampled to the 30 m spatial resolution) were used for reference and for classification comparison. A summary of all the imagery used is reported in Table 3, where the PRISMA images used for Group A and Group B are shown in green and red color, respectively. For the cross-farm TR/ACC scenario, to cover all the relevant species cultivated exclusively in Group A or Group B, the images highlighted in bold were assumed as if they were acquired in the other group, as similarly indicated with \(\times\) in Table 2.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Cult.**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Species**} & \multicolumn{8}{c}{**Sites**} \\ \cline{3-10}  & & & **Grosseto** & **MKK** & & & **Maccarese** & & **Jolanda** \\ \cline{3-10}  & & & **2020** & **2021** & **2022** & **2023** & **2021** & **2022** & **2023** & **2021** & **2022** & **2023** \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{**C\({}^{*}\)**} & \multirow{2}{*}{
\begin{tabular}{c} Wheat \\ C \\ \end{tabular} } & D* & & & & & & & & & & \\ \cline{2-10}  & & & & & & & & & & & \\ \cline{2-10}  & & & & & & & & & & & \\ \cline{2-10}  & & & & & & & & & & & \\ \cline{2-10}  & & & & & & & & & & & \\ \cline{2-10}  & & & & & & & & & & & & \\ \cline{2-10}  & & & & & & & & & & & \\ \cline{2-10}  & & & & & & & & & & & \\ \cline{2-10}  & & & & & & & & & & & \\ \cline{2-10}  & & & & & & & & & & & \\ \cline{2-10}  & & & & & & & & & & & \\ \cline{2-10}  & & & & & & & & & & & \\ \cline{2-10}  & & & & & & & & & & & \\ \cline{2-10}  & & & & & & & & & & & \\ \cline{2-10}  & & & & & & & & & & & \\ \cline{2-10}  & & & & & & & & & & & \\ \cline{2-10}  & & & & & & & & & & & \\ \cline{2-10}  & & & & & & & & & & & \\ \cline{2-10}  & & & & & & & & & & & \\ \cline{2-10}  & & & & & & & & & & & \\ \cline{2-10}  & & & & & & & & & & & \\ \cline{2-10}  & & & & & & & & & & & \\ \cline{2-10}  & & & & & & & & & & & \\ \cline{2-10}  & & & & & & & & & & & \\ \cline{2-10}  & & & & & & & & & & & \\ \cline{2-10}  & & & & & & & & & & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} \({}^{*}\) D–durum, C–common.  
\end{table}
Table 2: Availability of ground truth crop data of MKK, Grosseto, Maccarese, and Jolanda di Savoia sites for 2021–2023 winter, summer, and perennial cultivations. Group A is shown in green color, Group B is shown in red color. Species not being cultivated annually in the other group are shown by diagonal borders (\(\times\)).