esa-sceva/satcom-chunk-collection huggingface dataset:
# AI-Powered Stroke Diagnosis System: Methodological Framework and Implementation
## 4 Methodology Development
### Technological Components
#### 4.1.1 Dataset Description and Tabular Preprocessing  
Our structured dataset consists of 51,176 unique ICU admissions from the eICU Collaborative Research Database, with 3291 categorized as stroke and 47,885 as non-stroke. The imaging dataset comprises 3770 images, categorized as 1259 stroke images and 2511 non-stroke images, pseudo-randomly associated with these stays. After merging by patient stay ID, numerical fields with absent entries were imputed to zero, indicatingunrecorded measurements. Categorical data (gender, ethnicity, and ICD-9 codes) were transformed into binary indicator columns by one-hot encoding, while other continuous characteristics were normalized to the \([0,1]\) range using min-max scaling. Due to stroke cases comprising less than 10% of the data, SMOTE oversampling was utilized on the training partition to synthetically enhance the minority class and avert tree-based models from disregarding infrequent, but nevertheless, significant stroke occurrences.
# Reconstruction and Measurement of Irregular Karst Caves Using BLST along the Shield Metro Line
## 3 Test Results
### Attenuation Law of Lasers with Different Wavelengths in the Same Suspended Media
#### 3.2.2 Silt Suspended Medium  
For silt, we compared lasers with wavelengths of 405 nm, 450 nm, 532 nm, 650 nm, and 808 nm. When the laser wavelength is 650 nm, the increasing rate of laser attenuation coefficient is the lowest with the increase of turbidity, as shown in Figure 4a. However, when the turbidity is relatively small, all the attenuation coefficients of the 450 nm laser are less than those of the 650 nm laser. With the increase of turbidity, the 650 nm laser is more advantageous. The cloud diagram of the laser attenuation coefficients with different wavelengths and turbidity grades in silt medium is shown in Figure 4b.  
When the laser wavelengths are 450 nm and 650 nm, there are two \"ravines\" with low attenuation coefficients. In order to compare the 450 nm and 650 nm attenuation characteristics, we adopted the above-mentioned fitting formula and solved the following two simultaneous equations:  
\[Y=0.2531X-1.2779 \tag{9}\]  
Figure 4: Attenuation coefficient—turbidity curve in silt dissolution medium: (a) Two dimension; (b) Three dimension  
Figure 3: Attenuation coefficient—turbidity curve in dissolution medium of CaCO\({}_{3}\): (a) Two dimension; (b) Three dimension  
\[Y=\ 0.1698Y+0.6587 \tag{10}\]  
When the turbidity is 225 NTU, the attenuation coefficients of the two are equal. Thus, when the turbidity is lower than 22.5 NTU, the 450 nm blue laser is suggested, and when the turbidity is higher than 22.5 NTU, the 650 nm near infrared laser is suggested. This is obviously different from the conventional marine water \"blue-green window\". In karst cave water environments with high turbidity, the near infrared wavelength laser suffers less attenuation and can achieve longer detection distances.
# Systematic Review on Individualized Versus Standardized Parental Nutrition in Preterm Infants
###### Abstract  
The need for high quality evidence is recognized for optimizing practices of parenteral nutrition (PN). The purpose of the present systematic review is to update the available evidence and investigate the effect of standardized PN (SPN) vs. individualized PN (IPN) on protein intake, immediate morbidities, growth, and long-term outcome in preterm infants. A literature search was performed on articles published in the period from 1/2015 to 11/2022 in PubMed and Cochrane database for trials on parenteral nutrition in preterm infants. Three new studies were identified. All new identified trials were nonrandomized observational trials using historical controls. SPN may increase weight and occipital frontal circumference gain and lower the value of maximum weight loss. More recent trials suggest that SPN may easily increase early protein intake. SPN may reduce the sepsis incidence, but overall, no significant effect was found. There was no significant effect of standardization of PN on mortality or stage \(\geq\)2 necrotizing enterocolite (NEC) incidence. In conclusion SPN may improve growth through higher nutrient (especially protein) intake and has no effect on sepsis, NEC, mortality, or days of PN.  
parenteral nutrition; preterm infant; individualized; standardized; safety; outcome; necrotizing enterocolitis; sepsis; mortality; growth; protein; nutrition
# A Framework for Assessing the Interference from NGSO Satellite Systems to a Radio Astronomy System
## 2 Model Description  
In this section, we present a model for the interference between an NGSO constellation and a RAS telescope. We first introduce the segmentation of the field of view for both the NGSO satellite and the RAS telescope, and then provide a detailed description of the models for the satellite and the RAS telescope. The aim of this model is to understand and quantify the potential interference between these two systems in order to ensure the protection of the RAS band.
## 7 Conclusions  
GLI-Split implements the Loc/ID split concept within today's IPv6 Internet, thereby solving the scalability problem for a future IPv6 Internet when prefixes of global GLI-addresses are adopted for core routing. Moreover, it provides many benefits to users in GLI-domains. They can change providers without internal renumbering, and multihoming is facilitated even for the smallest GLI-domains and can be exploited for multipath forwarding, in addition to traffic engineering, improved reliability, and mobility support. GLI-Split is incrementally deployable on a per-domain basis and, also within a single domain, the migration from non-upgraded GLI-nodes to upgraded GLI-nodes can be done gradually. We demonstrated the incremental deployability of GLI-Split by means of a proof-of-concept implementation in OMNeT++. GLI-gateways perform simple address rewriting without the need for session state. This also holds for interworking with the classic IPv6 Internet. In contrast to many other proposals, GLI-Split does not need triangle routing via extra devices for that purpose. Although the full set of benefits is available only for communications among GLI-nodes with upgraded networking stacks, GLI-Split provides advantages for upgraded GLI-nodes when communicating with the classic IPv6 Internet and even for classic IPv6 nodes in GLI-domains. These are important deployment incentives for early adopters and prerequisites for incremental deployment.
## 4 Proposed Approach
### Virtual Reality (VR)  
The usage of Virtual Reality (VR) in the area of healthcare has developed rapidly in recent years, enabling 3D visualization from many angles, without covering details, as is the case with 2D models. In our proposed scheme, VR can help rehabilitate patients with mobility problems, help reduce pain, treat phobias and post-traumatic stress, study various diseases in the study of viruses, and also assist in vaccine research. VR can also be used in medical science, in the training of doctors and other specialties related to health care, as well as in the execution of medical procedures.  
In addition, our proposed scheme can be integrated into other state-of-the-art systems used in robotic surgery and other necessary medical activities. For example, the use of VR and robotic surgery with the Da Vinci system can provide the possibility of a complete and integrated image of the patient before the operation and during it, diminishing the possibility of medical errors. In addition, virtual reality methods such as the \"Head Mounted Display\" device, CAREN (Computer Assisted Rehabilitation Environment), and Kinect programs, the Shark Punch game, various types of exoskeletons, and other media can also be used to rehabilitate patients with mobility, neurological, and mental problems.  
As it is known from previous literature, VR can be full or semi-immersive and has been used to create an immersive and interactive environment [7]. Full-immersive VR displays a virtual image while the real environment is excluded from the projection. Semi-immersive VR displays the virtual image while the real world is partially excluded from the projection [8]. Thus, based on these two types of VR, our proposed model can allow doctors to effectively connect with patients and increase the frequency of medical contact. Additionally, VR technology harnesses the power of user interaction and immersion. This makes our system easier and more intuitive to operate. This can be very important in facilitating the diagnosis, as the doctor can move around the system and visualize it in more detail. The application of VR technologies into our system contributes to better image quality and interactions, facilitating a correct and more accurate diagnosis. It applies to careful study of areas that are considered to be of greater interest for diagnosis [9].  
Moreover, VR aims to train in intensive care during the first critical hour, where the patient is delivered into the hands of nurses, which combines features developed in a real educational process with the possibility of using medical simulations. The virtual world is judged as a training tool for students and causes them to try their skills in various simulation permutations. Other relative benefits are considered to be the facilitation of distance learning and the tremendous flexibility in study hours. Since VR allows society to improve and facilitate their daily lives, virtual worlds are now widely used in the domain of healthcare and, in particular, in the training of doctors, aiming at the best use of resources and different learning options in a safe environment.
## 3 Empirical Analysis
### Topological Properties of the CATN  
The CATN contains all flights that took place within China, excluding Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan, during the year of 2018. Each flight was defined by a quadruplet \((i,j,t,\Delta t)\), where \(i\) and \(j\) indicate the departure and arrival airports, respectively, \(t\) denotes the departure time, and \(\Delta t\) stands for the elapsed time from arrival to departure. By aggregating data from all the flights during 2018, the CATN could be expressed as a temporal network that included 230 airport nodes (i.e., \(N=230\)) and a total of 3880 weighted edges that had time labels (i.e., \(|E|=3880\)). Figure 2 exhibits an intuitive illustration of the CATN's configuration.  
The presence of non-numerical time data stored at the edges of a temporal network makes it unsuitable for static network exploration. To avoid this situation, the authors used a snapshot-based temporal network model to investigate the topological features of dynamic networks. Our model partitioned time into hourly intervals, with a window of \(\omega\) at one hour, and an overall aggregating time span of \(T\) from 1 January 2018 at 4:00 a.m. to 31 December 2018 at 4:00 a.m., which resulted in the generation of 8760 snapshot networks. Our dynamic network model can thus be regarded as a sequence of static networks, in which each snapshot is analyzed to explore the topological and temporal characteristics of the CATN.  
Figure 2: The CATN was constructed solely based on domestic civil aviation transport within China in 2018. The node’s size and color stand for their respective degree, and the edges provide temporal information.
## 5 Microbiome Influence on Atopic Dermatitis
### The Role of S. aureus in Atopic Dermatitis  
AD has a known relation with altered skin microbiota, with a high prevalence of colonization by _S. aureus_ and secondary infections that were recognized long before the application of DNA sequencing approaches [129]. _S. aureus_ colonizes approximately 9 out of 10 patients with AD [119], and it can initiate or exacerbate skin diseases either through barrier defects or altered immunity [58].  
_S. aureus_ is detectable in more than 90% of AD skin, although it is less frequently detected in healthy skin [131]. AD has been associated with a notable rise in the prevalence of _S. aureus_ and a decline in anaerobic species [130], and it can act as a persistent allergen, stimulating the production of IgE antibodies, or as an irritant with inflammatory potential when colonizing atopic skin [128]. Beside the awareness of _S. aureus_'s capacity to induce inflammation and the occurrence of dysbiosis in different skin conditions, it remains uncertain whether these alterations are a result of the disease itself or if _S. aureus_ plays a role in initiating the disease [58].  
In AD, _S. aureus_ dominates the microbial landscape and negatively correlates with various skin commensals such as _Staphylococcus epidermidis_ and _Corynebacterium_ spp., thus potentially eliminating the regulatory or protective potential of these microorganisms [130]. The quantity of _Staphylococcus_ spp., particularly _S. aureus_ and _S. epidermidis_, is higher during the eruption period (episodic exacerbation) of AD compared to the post-eruption period. However, individuals with more-severe exacerbations are colonized with dominant strains of _S. aureus_. The correlation of _S. aureus_ with AD results in the exacerbation of the pathology [58]. It is important to note that _S. epidermidis_ may limit the growth of _S. aureus_, and the severity of the disease is inversely correlated with the abundance of _S. epidermidis_ versus the abundance of _S. aureus_[130].  
There is a sophisticated relationship between the host and _S. aureus_, where host factors, including the hostile environment created by the physical, chemical, and antimicrobial properties of healthy skin, may be altered in AD skin, facilitating colonization. Specific pathogen factors include highly evolved mechanisms that facilitate adhesion, epidermal invasion, and pro-inflammatory mechanisms, promoting or exacerbating the inflammatory component of AD [129].  
The prevalence of _S. aureus_ carriers in patients with AD is about 70% on regional skin compared to about 39% on non-lesional or healthy skin in the same patient [129]. There is a higher abundance of _Staphylococcus_ spp. at 2 months in newborns who do not develop AD by 1 year of age compared to those who do develop AD by 1 year. This suggests that exposure to _Staphylococcus_ spp. at an early age is beneficial for proper immune system education [58].  
_S. aureus_ plays a highly influential role in the pathogenesis of AD, is associated with severe disease flares, and significantly influences the disease phenotype [129].
## 3 Findings
### Impacting Data Management Processes

Table 2: Impact of ODK Scan on various processes of Data Management. Figure 6: Redesigned data management process in ODK Scan paper-to-digital system. records at the office is completely eliminated and data is sent to the server electronically through internet connectivity. The redesigned data management process offered flexibility to supervisors in reviewing digital data and enabled them to provide feedback immediately.
## 1 Introduction
### Quantitative and Qualitative Change in Sebum  
Human sebum, a product of the sebaceous gland, is a mixture of triglycerides and free fatty acids (that together account for the predominant proportion 57.5%), wax ester (26%), squalene (12%), and cholesterol (4.5%) [20].  
An increase in sebum production and alteration of its composition are among the factors involved in the etiopathogenesis of acne. Alteration in sebum composition has been reported in AFA with a reduction in the content of linoleic acid, an essential fatty acid, and an increase in peroxidase squalene [21]. The composition and content of skin surface lipids (SSLs) are essential for the normal physiological function of the skin barrier. However, acne patients have significantly reduced free sphingosine and total ceramides in their stratum corneum, which is indicative of a deficient intercellular lipid membrane and correlates with impairment of the stratum corneum permeability barrier. In general, patients with acne-prone skin have lower triglyceride (TG) levels than patients without acne. _C. acnes_produces enzymes that break down TGs in sebum, producing fatty acids (FAs) that induce skin inflammation and abnormal follicular keratinization.  
It is well known that C. acnes proliferates when sebum production increases and regional variation in C. _acnes_ density correlates with sebum secretion [22]. _C. acnes_ strains with high virulence express more triglyceride lipases, increasing sebum concentration of free palmitate and oleate. Alteration in sebum lipid composition (dyseborrhea) is a major player in the induction of inflammatory acne. The adherence, biofilm formation, and growth of C. _acnes_ are increased by free fatty acids (FFAs). Oxidized FFAs are also able to activate TLR-2 and TLR-4, which is a crucial event in the pathogenesis of acne [23].  
Adjuvant cosmetic skin care regimens are considered important for the management of this frequent skin condition. A cleanser gel composed of embollient, anti-irritation and anti-bacterial substances and a serum containing niacinamide, retinol, and exfoliating and keratolytic compounds (lactic and glycolic acids) have been recently developed. The serum was specifically formulated for the oily, acne-prone skin of adult women. So far, no clinical and instrumental data regarding efficacy and effect on sebum composition have been collected with these two products.
## 3 Field Investigations
### Geophysical Investigations
The modeler varies the layer thickness and velocities until the resulting dispersion curve matches the previously selected dispersion points (Figure 2B,C). Vertical variations of shear wave velocities on the upper 20 m of the sites are illustrated in Figure 3. For most of the sites, the shear wave velocity of the upper 20 m generally ranged from \(\sim\)100 m/s to \(\sim\)220 m/s, corresponding to SPT-N values typically ranging from 2-10. For sites with much stiffer strata, the Vs at some depths can reach up to \(\sim\)250 m/s to \(\sim\)500 m/s. This was in areas with higher recorded N-values, that ranged from 15 to 50. In terms of the average Vs of the upper 30 m of the sites (Vs30), most of the western portion of Metro Manila was classified into Site Class D, based on the scheme of the National Structural Code of the Philippines [48]. This indicates that the area is generally underlain by stiff soil material, with a Vs30 ranging from 180-360 m/s. This was also observed in the  
Figure 2: **(A)** Sample of a generated p-f image from the ReMi surveys and the identified dispersion curve and picks (black box) in the ReMi Vspect module. **(B)** Fitting of dispersion curve model into the dispersion picks in the ReMi Disper module. **(C)** Corresponding one-dimensional shear wave velocity profile from the dispersion curve model. data obtained from the refraction microtremor surveys, as the V\({}_{\text{s30}}\) of the sites mostly fell in the Site D range. Figure 3: Variation of shear wave velocity (V\({}_{\text{s}}\)) and penetration resistance (SPT-N) with depth for all twenty sites. Legend: blue lines for shear wave velocities; red lines for SPT-N values.
# Assessment of the Potential of High-Performance Buildings to Achieve Zero Energy: A Case Study
## 4 Results and Discussion
### Photovoltaic System  
The design capacity of the existing PV system is 185 MWh, which is far less than the 346 MWh requirement. Figure 10 shows the breakdown of the monthly electricity production of the existing PV  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Energy Efficient Measures**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Energy Savings**} \\ \cline{2-3}  & **EUI (kWh/(m\({}^{2}\)-yr))** & **Percentage (\%)** \\ \hline Set indoor temperature to 28 \({}^{\circ}\)C & 0.87 & 3.6 \\ Improve the chilled water system COP & 4.89 & 20.5 \\ Optimize HVAC operation & 0.73 & 3.0 \\
**Total** & **6.49** & **27.1** \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 8: Energy efficiency measures for the HVAC system. COP.  
system, among which 51% is from the rooftop PV system, 37% from the facade PV system, 10% from the rain canopy PV system, and 2% from the blind PV system.  
Additional 161 MWh capacity is needed to balance out the energy use. There is a parking lot on the south of the building with an area of approximately 1000 m\({}^{2}\). We would maximize the use of the parking lot and install 562 PV panels to cover the entire parking lot. The electricity generation can be calculated by:  
\[Q=P\times R\times\eta_{s}/R_{0} \tag{10}\]  
\[\eta_{s}=K_{1}\times K_{2}\times K_{3}\times K_{4}\times K_{5} \tag{11}\]  
Using the same type of rooftop PV system, the proposed parking plot PV system can produce 144 MWh electricity yearly (6.1 kWh/(m\({}^{2}\) a)). However, there is still a 17 MWh shortage of capacity. The existing rooftop PV panels used 52% of the rooftop area, which makes it possible to install more PV panels on the roof. Based on the calculation, installing PV panels on 15% of the rooftop area can produce 17 MWh electricity yearly, thus making it a zero-energy building. Table 9 summarizes the calculation of the additional PV system.
## 6 Discussion
### Separation Layer Analysis Based on Displacement Data of MPBXs  
The data obtained from six MPBXs inside the LC1 borehole was analyzed. To be specific, deviation calculation was conducted with the displacement data of two adjacent MPBXs. The curves of the separation layer between different MPBXs were obtained, as shown in Figure 11. When the displacement difference between two adjacent MPBXs is positive, the tensile deformation of the lower MPBX is greater than that of the upper one. Conversely, when the displacement difference between two adjacent MPBXs is negative, it indicates that the tensile deformation of the lower MPBXs is smaller than that of the upper one, or the original crack or the separation layer is closed, or the rock mass in this zone is in a state of compression as a whole. As can be seen from Figure 11a, the displacement difference between the 5#MPBXs at a depth of 388 m and the 6#MPBX at a depth of 324 m inside the LC1 borehole is the largest, indicating that the subsidence deformation between the two corresponding overlying strata in the borehole, namely KS5 and PKS, is not synchronized. Accordingly, it is inferred that the stratum with the largest development of the separation layer should be located within this area. Similarly, there is also a positive displacement difference between the 4#MPBX with a depth of 453 m and the 5#MPBX with a depth of 388 m. This indicates that the subsidence deformation between the two corresponding overlying strata in the drilling hole, namely, KS4 and KS5, is not synchronous, either. Thus, it can be inferred that there also exists a separation layer in this area. Although there is also a positive displacement difference between the 2#MPBX with a depth of 520 m and the 3#MPBX with a depth of 492 m, the value is not large. Since this area is already within the fracture zone, the difference is mainly manifested as vertical fracture deformation.  
As can be seen from the curve in Figure 11b, when the working face advances past the LC1 borehole by 240 m, even though coal extraction continues, the velocity of separation layer change tends to 0, indicating that the overlying strata reach a stable state at this time.  
Based on the results of the above analysis, the measured height of the water-conducting fracture zone in the overburden and the locations of the major separation can be obtained, as shown in Figure 12. According to Figure 12, the estimated height of the water-conducting fracture zone is about 164.42\(\sim\)173.95 m, and the measured height of the water-conducting fracture zone is about 186.1-207.9 m. The separation is mainly distributed under measuring points 5# and 6#, about 324\(\sim\)351.3 m and 388\(\sim\)390.4 m above from the coal seam.  
Figure 11: The curves of the separation layer between the MPBXsinsideLC1 borehole and its velocity change: (**a**) the curves of the separation layer between MPBXs; (**b**) the velocity change curves of separation layers between MPBXs.