## 4 Results and Analysis
### Experimental Analysis Based on Multi-Level Thresholding
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Level**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Image**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**COSGO**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**GWO**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**SCSO**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**WOA**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**AGWO\_CS**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**PSOGSA**} \\ \cline{3-14}  & & **[PERSON]** & **[PERSON]** & **Otsu** & **Kapur** & **Otsu** & **Kapur** & **Otsu** & **Kapur** & **Otsu** & **Kapur** & **Otsu** & **Kapur** \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{\(118031\)} & PSNR & 26.05 & 18.60 & 26.05 & 20.34 & 26.14 & 18.51 & 26.16 & 21.66 & 25.96 & 18.63 & 26.02 & 19.27 \\ \cline{2-14}  & MSE & 161.68 & 1008.74 & 161.58 & 648.90 & 158.23 & 1011.57 & 157.78 & 469.07 & 165.38 & 1037.91 & 162.54 & 865.14 \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{\(118072\)} & PSNR & 25.69 & 20.56 & 25.62 & 21.42 & 25.63 & 20.81 & 25.61 & 21.68 & 24.97 & 21.34 & 25.57 & 23.31 \\ \cline{2-14}  & MSE & 175.60 & 681.95 & 178.19 & 495.47 & 178.10 & 694.31 & 178.67 & 449.19 & 208.81 & 504.80 & 180.20 & 315.30 \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{\(326025\)} & PSNR & 27.63 & 19.80 & 27.63 & 22.53 & 27.63 & 18.87 & 27.61 & 22.49 & 27.39 & 20.11 & 27.64 & 22.14 \\ \cline{2-14}  & MSE & 112.25 & 1023.23 & 112.18 & 395.52 & 112.23 & 1243.14 & 112.68 & 403.09 & 118.59 & 651.54 & 111.92 & 460.49 \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{\(120003\)} & PSNR & 26.94 & 18.99 & 26.94 & 19.30 & 26.93 & 14.72 & 26.92 & 17.39 & 26.67 & 14.10 & 26.91 & 21.18 \\ \cline{2-14}  & MSE & 131.66 & 846.31 & 131.44 & 998.71 & 131.75 & 2343.70 & 132.24 & 1702.88 & 139.94 & 2545.59 & 132.34 & 541.65 \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{\(253092\)} & PSNR & 16.24 & 15.11 & 16.23 & 15.70 & 16.23 & 15.07 & 16.21 & 15.46 & 16.26 & 14.95 & 16.20 & 15.51 \\ \cline{2-14}  & MSE & 1544.16 & 2021.33 & 1550.36 & 1770.17 & 1547.55 & 2028.60 & 1554.61 & 1856.85 & 1537.96 & 2106.70 & 1561.64 & 1850.45 \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{\(58068\)} & PSNR & 16.62 & 11.69 & 16.62 & 14.12 & 16.62 & 13.98 & 16.61 & 12.71 & 16.63 & 10.85 & 16.63 & 13.34 \\ \cline{2-14}  & MSE & 1414.48 & 4476.09 & 1414.45 & 2726.31 & 1414.55 & 2954.99 & 1418.46 & 3795.22 & 1413.46 & 5740.31 & 1413.74 & 3287.62 \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{\(81095\)} & PSNR & 26.48 & 16.31 & 26.49 & 22.07 & 26.41 & 19.98 & 26.43 & 21.23 & 25.98 & 15.40 & 26.09 & 18.99 \\ \cline{2-14}  & MSE & 146.24 & 1534.75 & 145.93 & 428.28 & 148.49 & 779.80 & 148.11 & 630.37 & 164.10 & 1958.40 & 161.68 & 952.29 \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{\(92014\)} & PSNR & 10.15 & 9.72 & 10.14 & 9.87 & 10.15 & 9.81 & 10.14 & 9.94 & 10.15 & 9.94 & 10.15 & 9.82 \\ \cline{2-14}  & MSE & 6285.96 & 6942.66 & 6289.18 & 6701.73 & 6287.07 & 6793.33 & 6298.67 & 6598.72 & 6288.24 & 6592.38 & 6288.95 & 6727.64 \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{\(365072\)} & PSNR & 26.74 & 14.63 & 26.72 & 18.40 & 26.74 & 16.99 & 26.71 & 16.60 & 26.51 & 16.14 & 26.74 & 19.83 \\ \cline{2-14}  & MSE & 137.74 & 2659.72 & 138.39 & 1148.47 & 137.89 & 1879.41 & 138.57 & 1962.17 & 145.11 & 2454.43 & 137.72 & 747.78 \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{\(384022\)} & PSNR & 27.16 & 18.26 & 27.16 & 20.40 & 27.12 & 21.67 & 26.82 & 16.89 & 26.85 & 19.13 & 27.12 & 21.90 \\ \cline{2-14}  & MSE & 125.14 & 1058.45 & 125.01 & 655.66 & 126.19 & 502.82 & 136.74 & 1398.76 & 134.34 & 108.81 & 126.24 & 605.26 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}