## 4 Discussion  
Concepts referred to as the Internet of Things (IoT) and machine-to-machine (M2M) communications have attracted a lot of publicity and interested groups, as well as many face-to-face meetings. IoT refers to the increasing connectivity of objects of all kinds--from home appliances to devices used in industrial applications, either to the Internet or to an Internet-like structure. The general idea behind this effort is that any smart device should be able to communicate with each other or with human interfaces anywhere on the planet. Hence, driving improvements in M2M-Industrial-productivity networks is an intelligent decision and widely deployed. One can benefit from IoT technology if done correctly but could also suffer if done with a lack of planning and caution [85]. The IoT has certainly come a long way since [PERSON] created this term as the title of a presentation at Procter & Gamble Company in 1999 [86]. Quite a lot has been written about IoT over the past years ever since, with many researchers and analysts correctly predicting an almost exponential increase in connected devices. The industry, as expected, has also been following this trend. As the IoT has been evolving, the industry has also been developing new ways to tackle important issues like privacy, security, and how to deal with the enormous amount of data generated by connected devices. In addition to developing technology to address these issues is the added difficulty of developing solutions that fit the business needs of the served markets. The IoT crosses boundaries between enterprises, users, and consumers, further complicating the technical and business needs of solutions that will be accepted in the market. To differentiate the web-based efforts and call attention to industrial needs, [PERSON] et al. [85] called this application the Industrial Internet of Things (I2 oT). For the world of automation, I2 oT represents the opportunity for the convergence of industrial automation communication on a huge scale. It allows improvements in functionality, security, flexibility, ease of use, and cost savings. In the long run, it is good to increase operational efficiency. In the short run, it is a disruptive technology. Its adoption requires changes, consequently threatening entities that do not have the resources or leadership to implement the changes. The technology also crosses organizational borders because the challenges of noticing the benefits of this technology are naturally more organizational than technical [87]. The I2 oT, cyber-physical systems, and cloud computing are the basis for the smart factory concept. For this, we need to (a) monitor physical processes, create a virtual copy of the physical world, and make decentralized decisions; (b) communicate and cooperate in real-time among M2M and humans; (c) have internal and cross-organizational services covering all the participants of the value chain [88]. In the future, it is feasible to believe that all devices that can benefit from an Internet connection will be connected. Internet of Things (IoT) technology is a key facilitator for this concept, delivering machine-to-machine (M2M) and machine-to-person communication on a massive scale. The great advantage of IoT sensors is that they can provide transparency, trust, and collaboration, leading to a whole new set of data behaviors, although their security protocols have not yet been optimized and implemented. Online sensors cannot carry software encryption protocols due to energy saving and memory space requirements. Therefore, there is a predominant need for new architectures to keep costs down and, at the same time, preserve the efficiency of industries that use IoT technology. However, Internet connectivity can, in most cases, be associated with vulnerability to hackers, thus allowing data manipulation. In recent years, efforts have been made to standardize security protocols on IoT systems.