# Energy Management in Microgrids with Renewable Energy Sources: A Literature Review
## 3 Microgrid Energy Management with Renewable Energy Generation
### Modelling and Simulation Tools  
Table 5 presents a summary of the most popular simulation tools, wherein tools such as Matlab/Simulink (MathWorks, Natick, MA, USA) and MATPOWER have particular importance. Matlab is a numerical computing environment of 4 th generation programming language, it can interface with other languages such as C, C++, C#, Java, Fortran, and Python. MATPOWER is an open-source tool that is used to simulate optimal power flows, which uses Monte Carlo to evaluate the performance of MG. Alternately, other tools such as GAMS, which is an optimization language for linear, nonlinear, and mixed programming, have been used by many authors to solve the uncertainty problem in energy management and for optimal dimensioning of the microgrid. Other tools such as CPLEX have been employed, which is an optimizer based on the C language and is compatible with other languages like C++, Java, and Python.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**Reference** & **Microgrid Mode Operation** \\ \hline
[11,20,30,32,33,36–39,45,49,51–53,55,56,58,59,63,67–71, 74,77–81,83,85–87,91,93,94,96,99,100,103–114,117,118] & Grid-Connected \\ \hline
[9,31,34,40,42,44,47,48,50,54,57,60,62,65,66,72,73,75,76, 82,84,88–90,92,97,98,101,102,115,116,119,121] & Off-Grid \\ \hline
[8,15,19,35,43,46,61,64,95,120,122] & Grid-Connected/Off-Grid \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 4: Microgrid operating modes.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**References** & **Tools** & **Characteristics** \\ \hline
[61] & PSCAD/EMTDC & Simulation software power systems, power electronics, HVDC, FACTS, and control system. \\ \hline
[11,32,33,35,38,62,64,65, 67,70,77,93,97,104,109, 110,121] & MATLAB/Simulink & Matrix based programming language used by engineers in power systems, power electronics, telecommunications, and control, among others. Compatible with other programming languages (C++, Java, and fortran). \\ \hline
[30,76] & GAMS (GAMS Development Corp., Fairfax, VA, USA) & High level language for mathematical optimization of mixed integer linear and nonlinear. \\ \hline
[74] & C++ & Application development environment of C++ for Windows. \\ \hline
[40] & TRNSYS (Thermal Energy System Specialists, LLC, Madison, WI, USA) & Simulation software to model hybrid systems of energy generation. \\  & HOMER & Hybrid Optimization by Genetic Algorithms. \\ \hline
[75] & RSCAD (RTDS Technologies Inc., Winnipeg, MA, Canada) & Real time simulator for power systems. \\  & JADE (Jade, Christchurch, New Zealand) & Zealand \\ \hline
[67,68,71,72] & JADE & Java environment platform for multi-agents. \\ \hline
[30,118,122] & HOMER & Simulation software to model hybrid systems of energy generation. \\ \hline
[36,83,103] & CPLEX (IBM, Armonk, NY, USA) & Optimization software compatible with C, C++, Java, and Python languages. \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 5: Simulation software and tools used in the management of microgrids.  
The simulation and modeling of microgrids has been analyzed with programs such as Simulink and PSCAD/EMTDC (Manitoba Hydro International Ltd., Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada). Both tools are used for power control and energy management in microgrids.  
Software such as HOMER (Pro Version, HOMER Energy LLC, Boulder, CO, USA), HOGA (or its updated version iHOGA) (Pro+ Version, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain), or HYBRID2 (University of Massachusetts, NREL/NWTC, Golden, CO, USA) also deserve a mention, which can be used to optimize the operation and energy management of hybrid systems with renewable energies.