# Monitoring a Pre-Normative Multi-Family Housing Case-Study in a Mediterranean Climate
## 4 Results
### Indoor Temperature  
An indoor temperature analysis has been carried out that differentiates between each dwelling (A and B), as well as between the rooms analyzed in each housing unit: bedroom (DV) and living-room (SV). In this paper, results obtained in each monitored room of Dwelling A are shown: bedroom DVA  
Figure 8: Monitored and registered daily outdoor temperature and average outdoor temperature. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Room Unit**} & **Infiltration Rate at** & **Infiltration Rate at** & **Desired Ventilation Rate** \\  & **50 Pa (n50 *) (ACH)** & **Atmospheric Pressure (ACH)** & **According to CTE DB-HS3 (ACH)** \\ \hline Dwelling A & 6.9 & 0.36 & 0.84 \\ Living-room SVA & 3.8 & 0.23 & – \\ Bedroom DVA & 9.0 & 0.54 & – \\ Blinds DVA & 5.2 & 0.31 & – \\ Dwelling B & 8.6 & 0.48 & 0.68 \\ Living-room SVB & 5.4 & 0.30 & – \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}  
* n50 = Air-renovation rate (unit: h\({}^{-1}\)).  
\end{table} 
Table 3: Air-tightness test results. ACH, air change per hour. and living-room SVA. In order to ascertain how climate conditions within the dwelling are managed in each season of the year, a monthly record of indoor temperatures in the monitored rooms of Dwelling A is analyzed for the months of April (mid-season), July (summer) and January (winter), following the monitoring campaign's order (Figure 9). From the monthly records, it can be observed that indoor environmental behavior in each unit is largely homogeneous. In the B4 climate zone, mid-season months, such as March, April, May, October and, partly, November, show very stable indoor temperature values that stay between the comfort band limits most of the time, while outdoor temperature values may reach significant oscillations. In this case, in the mid-season record, values are between the comfort band limits for half the month. In contrast, winter and summer weather conditions directly affect indoor temperature values, leading to excessive cooling in the dwelling in the cold season and overheating situations in the hot season (Figure 9). In April, the differences between outdoor maximum and minimum temperature values fluctuated by up to 17.55 \({}^{\circ}\)C in the hottest day (17 April; T\({}_{\text{max}}\) 35.8 \({}^{\circ}\)C, at 14:00), which contrasts to indoor conditions in Dwelling A, with an average indoor temperature of 22.5 \({}^{\circ}\)C and a 2.4 \({}^{\circ}\)C oscillation in bedroom DVA, as well as an average indoor temperature of 23.5 \({}^{\circ}\)C and a 1.6 \({}^{\circ}\)C oscillation in living-room SVA. For the day when the lowest temperature was reached (29 April; T\({}_{\text{min}}\) 11 \({}^{\circ}\)C, at 11:00), outdoor temperature values fluctuated by up to 4 \({}^{\circ}\)C, with an average indoor temperature of 19.5 \({}^{\circ}\)C in bedroom DVA and a thermal variation of 1.3 \({}^{\circ}\)C, as well as an average indoor temperature of 21 \({}^{\circ}\)C in living-room SVA and a thermal variation of 3.5 \({}^{\circ}\)C (Figure 9a). In July, whereas outdoor thermal oscillations reached 17 \({}^{\circ}\)C on the hottest day (8 July; T\({}_{\text{max}}\) 43.1 \({}^{\circ}\)C, at 14:00), the indoor temperature only varied by up to 1.5 \({}^{\circ}\)C in bedroom DVA and up to 2.5 \({}^{\circ}\)C in living-room SVA, with a range of temperatures between 28 \({}^{\circ}\)C and 30 \({}^{\circ}\)C (Figure 9b). In the graph depicting the summer month, unusual jumps in the values are seen in the living-room SVA indoor conditions, especially when outdoor temperatures have been higher: on 5 July, when T\({}_{\text{max}}\) of 41.5 \({}^{\circ}\)C was registered; from 8 (the hottest day of the month, T\({}_{\text{max}}\) 43.1 \({}^{\circ}\)C) to 12 July; from 15-19 July, when a T\({}_{\text{max}}\) value of 39.3 \({}^{\circ}\)C was registered for 17 July; and finally, in the period between 23 and 26 July, when T\({}_{\text{max}}\) values went up to 38.2 \({}^{\circ}\)C on 24 July (Figure 9b).