## 3 Results and Discussion
### Physicochemical Parameter Values for Acacia Honeys
Thus, the samples are homogenous (Table 3). The results obtained for each sugar are presented in Figure 2A, B. Each identified and quantified sugar was individually discussed, as the values obtained are extremely important to determine and authenticate the botanical origin of the honey samples. Figure 2: Glucose and fructose content (**A**) and minor sugars (**B**) of the analyzed samples (mean value of three repetitions \(\pm\) SD). As far as the glucose content is concerned, the values obtained for the 50 analyzed samples ranged between 22.32% and 43.71%. The mean value obtained for every Zone was: 30.57 (Zone 1), 30.40 (Zone 2) and 30.37% (Zone 3). Generally, acacia honey has an average glucose content of 26.3% [40]. Romanian acacia honey has values ranging from 30.87% [41] and 32.58% [14]. The results obtained by analyzing these samples fell within these limits and proved to be very similar to other acacia honeys in Europe [42; 43]. The fructose content is a very important parameter in analyzing acacia honey. The fluid state of this type of honey is due to a high fructose content and implicitly to a higher than 1.2 fructose/glucose ratio. The results obtained following the HPLC analysis of fructose in the honey samples (Figure 2A) ranged between 33.80% and 48.16%. The mean value of the fructose content for each Zone was: 43.55 (Zone 1), 43.58 (Zone 2) and 43.15% (Zone 3). While determining this parameter, we could observe the fact that only 5 samples out of 50 had a lower than 40% fructose content. Similar values were obtained \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l l l} \hline \hline
**Parameter/Zone** & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Analysis of Variance Parameters**} \\ \hline
**Water Content (\%)** & & & \\ \hline Groups & Count & Average & Variance \\ \hline Zone 1 & 21 & 16.70476 & 1.789726 \\ Zone 2 & 12 & 17.41667 & 1.463333 \\ Zone 3 & 17 & 17.08824 & 2.327353 \\ ANOVA & F & \(p\)-value & F crit \\ \cline{2-4}  & 1.06635 & 0.352444 & 3.195056 \\ \hline
**Water activity (a\({}_{w}\))** & & & \\ \hline Groups & Count & Average & Variance \\ \hline Zone 1 & 21 & 0.585333 & 0.000510 \\ Zone 2 & 12 & 0.6000 & 0.001154 \\ Zone 3 & 17 & 0.591412 & 0.001423 \\ ANOVA & F & p-value & F crit \\ \cline{2-4}  & 0.848591 & 0.43447 & 3.195056 \\ \hline Groups & Count & Average & Variance \\ \hline Zone 1 & 21 & 59.31476 & 9.517026 \\ Zone 2 & 12 & 58.17667 & 12.29979 \\ Zone 3 & 17 & 59.06235 & 5.631544 \\ ANOVA & F & p-value & F crit \\ \cline{2-4}  & 0.575627 & 0.566267 & 3.195056 \\ \hline
**a\({}^{*}\)** & & & \\ \hline Groups & Count & Average & Variance \\ \hline Zone 1 & 21 & 0.118095 & 2.189636 \\ Zone 2 & 12 & 0.2425 & 0.72793 \\ Zone 3 & 17 & \(-\)0.08118 & 0.544336 \\ ANOVA & F & p-value & F crit \\ \cline{2-4}  & 0.306413 & 0.737542 & 3.195056 \\ \hline
**b\({}^{*}\)** & & & \\ \hline Groups & Count & Average & Variance \\ \hline Zone 1 & 21 & 15.16219 & 40.39225 \\ Zone 2 & 12 & 16.26417 & 32.77234 \\ Zone 3 & 17 & 15.96059 & 30.49048 \\ ANOVA & F & p-value & F crit \\ \cline{2-4}  & 0.156758 & 0.855356 & 3.195056 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Analysis of variance for water content, water activity and color (L, a\({}^{*}\), b\({}^{*}\)). in the case of other acacia honey samples from Romania [14; 41] or other acacia honey samples in Europe [42; 43]. As it has already been mentioned, the fructose/glucose ratio is very important in acacia honey analysis. [PERSON] et al. [40] found about a \(1.66\pm 0.14\) ratio in the case of acacia honey. The results obtained following the HPLC analysis of individual carbohydrates in the analyzed samples highlight (with three exceptions) the supraunitary values of this ratio, while 50% of the samples showed a \(>\) 1.5 ratio. Sucrose is a very important indicator of honey authenticity, as standards require a maximum of 5% in authentic honey. The samples analyzed have significantly lower values, under no suspicion of falsification. The values registered ranged between 0.0 and 5.51%, with an average value of 1.0% (mean of all zones) (Figure 2B).