# Usefulness of Digital Language Resources in Improving Native Language among Adults
## 4 Results and Findings  
RQ1: Relationship between Mode of Post-Institutional Language Training and Intention of Using Digital Language Resources  
A chi-square test was performed to inspect the effects of the modes of post-institutional language training and the intention of using digital language resources. As various modes were included, a statistical analysis was performed for each mode separately. (a) Self-initiative attendance at the workshop: The analysis revealed no significant differences between self-initiative attendance and non-attendance at the workshop for all five types of intention of using digital language resources, \(p>0.05\). (b) Attendance at the language workshops professionally: According to Table 1, the analysis demonstrated significant differences between attendance or non-attendance at the workshop professionally for entertainment, \(x^{2}\) (3) = 9.03, \(p<0.05\). The chi-square test revealed there were more of those who attended the language workshops professionally and rarely used digital language resources for entertainment (9.52%) compared to those who attended these workshops and used digital language resources regularly for fun (4.76%). Moreover, there were more of those who did not attend the language workshops professionally and never used digital language resources for fun (45.24%) compared to those who were using them at least rarely (33.33%). For other types of intention of using digital language resources, we found no significant results: \(p>0.05\). According to the semi-structural interview, using digital language resources for entertainment was found in only one case: \"Sometimes also for fun, when we talk with friends and someone does not know how to write something, and so a debate develops.\" (M, 20). (c) Self-initiative attendance at an online workshop: No significant relationship was found between the self-initiative attendance at the online workshop and any other type of intention of using digital language resources: \(p>0.05\). (d) Attendance at an online workshop professionally: Likewise, we found no significant relationship between attendance of an online workshop professionally and all five types of intention of using digital language resources: \(p>0.05\). (e) Self-initiative use of analogue language resources: Table 2 shows the results of the chi-square test, where significant relationships were found between the self-initiative use of analogue language resources and four types of intention of using digital language resources, except for entertainment. According to Table 2, there is an evident pattern in the relationship between both of the above-mentioned variables. There are more people who use analogue language resources on their own initiative, and concurrently use digital language resources for various types of intention, except for entertainment, than those who use digital language resources, but concurrently do not use analogue language resources. For instance, more of the respondents who use analogue language resources on their own initiative, also rarely, occasionally, or regularly, use digital language resources for seeking information and improving general and professional language use, than those who do not use analogue language resources. Moreover, when comparing the occasional and regular use of digital language resources among those who do not use analogue language resources, there are more people who use digital language resources regularly (14.29%) than occasionally (4.76%) for the intention of learning, study, or work. The same pattern is the case for using digital language resources among those who also use analogue language resources. On the contrary, among users of analogue language resources, there are more of those who use digital language resources occasionally than regularly for the intention of improving general and professional language use, while it cannot be stated for seeking information, where the proportions of those who use digital language resources occasionally and regularly are the same.