## 1 Introduction  
In the present social context, with people's increasing demand for a better quality of life, energy consumption is on the rise. Building energy consumption constitutes a significant portion of the total social energy consumption. Among the various components of building energy consumption, energy consumed by daily operations such as air conditioning, heating, lighting, and hot water accounts for more than 80%. Based on statistics from the International Energy Agency, terminal energy consumption in buildings accounts for 36% of social carbon emissions, with carbon emissions reaching 39%. Furthermore, during a building's operational phase, carbon emissions account for 70% to 80% of its entire life cycle [1]. Although building energy efficiency has received increasing attention, many countries have introduced the concepts of low-energy buildings, ultra-low-energy buildings, near-zero-energy buildings, and zero-energy buildings [2, 3]. It is crucial to control carbon emissions during the building operation stage to achieve the goal of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality. Achieving zero-energy and zero-carbon buildings is a general trend [4]. Although building energy consumption is increasing, it is important for building design to propose a reasonable carbon emission mechanism and reduce building energy consumption. A building energy conservation development model should be established as soon as possible, specifically targeting the existing domestic environment. [PERSON] et al. [5] investigated the realization of zero-energy buildings by studying buildings in a specific area of Egypt. The authors aimed to utilize natural cold heat to provide the necessary temperature control for the buildings under examination. They concluded that in certain areas with favorable natural conditions, the use of solar photovoltaic systems can significantly reduce the costs of transforming buildings into near-zero-energy consumption buildings by collecting and storing renewable energy through solar panels on the roof. [PERSON] et al. [6] conducted a field study on a building photovoltaic system. The study shows that the building's annual energy consumption was 104,602.4 kWh, and the power generation of the building's photovoltaic system was 105,266.6 kWh. This proves that the building meets the requirements of zero-energy buildings. [PERSON] et al. [7] analyzed the relationship between the body type coefficient and the energy consumption of building cooling and heating. The data indicate a positive linear correlation between the building size coefficient and total energy consumption. In other words, as the building size coefficient increases, so does the total energy consumption. However, this correlation is not as pronounced in mild and sunny areas during the heating period. [PERSON] et al. [8] investigated the use of photovoltaic glass in cold regions of China. They evaluated the energy-saving performance of photovoltaic glass by altering its orientation, visible light transmission ratio, and comprehensive heat transfer coefficient. When the photovoltaic system is arranged facing south, the energy-saving effect is as high as 60%. However, if the system is facing east, the energy-saving is reduced to about 13%. It is important to note that the orientation of the photovoltaic glass has a significant impact on the energy-saving effect. [PERSON] et al. [9] analyzed the impact of the perimeter structure and system equipment operation on the energy consumption of an office building in Denmark. They sorted the degree of impact of different variables through sensitivity analysis. [PERSON] et al. [10] conducted a study on a single-sided lighting office. They used computer software to evaluate various influencing factors, such as building size and the ratio of windows to walls. By analyzing the impact of different design variables on the total energy consumption of the building, they obtained the most energy-efficient combination design scheme of influencing factors. [PERSON] et al.