## 4 Preclinical Studies
### In Vivo Studies
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l l l l l} \hline \hline
**Ref.** & **Disease, Model** & **Animals** & **PDT Protocol** & **Main Results** \\ \hline
[95] & Bladder cancer, normal tissue & 9 Dogs & **PS: 5-ALA, 30–90 mg/kg, oral Light: Tunable dye laser with titanyl potassium phosphate, 635 nm, 1 session & \(\bullet\) & No hematological or biochemical alterations Side effects: submucosal oedema of the bladder wall, vomiting \\ \hline
[138] & Prostate cancer, normal tissue & 11 dogs & **PS: 5-ALA, 100–200 mg/kg, iv; 43**Pc, 1 mg/kg, iv Light: Diode laser, 100–1080 J, 630 nm, 1 session & \(\bullet\) & PDT with ALA does not look promising in the management of prostate cancer, but, using AlS\({}_{2}\)Pc, it is possible to necrotic zones up to 12 mm in diameter around from each treatment site with safe healing \\ \hline
[139] & Prostate cancer, normal tissue & 15 Dogs & **PS:** mTHPC, 0.3 mg/kg, iv 43**Pc, 10 mg/kg, iv Light:** KTP/532 and Argon laser, 100–200 J/cm, 650 nm, 1 session & \(\bullet\) & mTHPC was more powerful than AlS\({}_{2}\)Pc in terms of prostate lesions induced. \\ \hline
[140] & Prostate cancer, normal tissue & 9 Dogs & **PS:** mTHPC, 0.15 mg/kg, iv 120-20 J/cm\({}^{2}\), 652 nm, 1 session & \(\bullet\) & Prostate gland necrosis \\ \hline
[141] & Esophageal cancer, normal tissue & 24 Dog & **PS:** BPD-MA, 0.75 mg/kg, iv Light: Laser, 40–200 J/cm, 630 nm, 1 session & \(\bullet\) & Total mucosal ablation \\ \hline
[142] & Peritoneal carcinomas, normal tissue & 15 Dogs & **PS:** BPD-MA, 0.125–0.25 mg/kg, iv Light: Diode laser, 690 nm, 2–10 J/cm\({}^{2}\), 1 session & \(\bullet\) & Acceptable safety and toxicity of BPD-MA-PDT and cetuximab BPD-MA mostly accumulates in the small bowel \\ \hline
[143] & Esophageal cancer, normal tissue & 9 Dogs & **PS:** Talaporfin sodium, 20 mg/kg, iv Light: Diode laser, 25–100 J/cm\({}^{2}\), 664 nm, 1 session & \(\bullet\) & Deep tissue injuries (muscle and/or adventicious) Hematological or biochemical alterations. Loss of appetite, weight, and vomiting \\ \hline
[144] & Rectal cancer, normal tissue & 6 Dogs & **PS:** MoLut, 2.0 mg/kg, iv Light: Quartz tungsten halogen lamp, 0.5–10 J/cm\({}^{2}\), 730 nm, 1 session & \(\bullet\) & Acute moderate clinical effects \\ \hline
[145] & Peritoneal carcinomas and sarcomatosis, normal tissue & 11 Dogs & **PS:** MoLut, 0.2–2.0 mg/kg, iv Light: Diode laser, 0.5–2.0 J/cm\({}^{2}\), 730 nm, 1 session & \(\bullet\) & Mild transient effects \\ \hline
[146] & Prostate cancer, normal tissue & 25 Dogs & **PS:** MoLut, 2.0–6.0 mg/kg, iv Light: KTP/532 and Diode laser, 75–150 J/cm, 732 nm, 1 session & \(\bullet\) & Mild transient effects \\ \hline
[147] & Prostate cancer, normal tissue & 12 Dogs & **PS:** MoLut, 2.0–6.0 mg/kg, iv Light:** Diodes laser, 730 nm, 1 session & \(\bullet\) & G glomerular capillary wall thickening in some cases \\ \hline
[148] & Prostate cancer, normal tissue & 16 Dogs & **PS:** MoLut, 2.0–6.0 mg/kg, iv Light:** KTP/532 and Diode laser, 75–150 J/cm, 732 nm, 1 session & \(\bullet\) & Inflammation and necrosis of prostatic tissue, followed by fibrosis and gland atrophy \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 6: _Cont._