## 4 Results
This could involve increasing the capacity of solar and wind energy, improving the efficiency of renewable energy technologies, and expanding grid infrastructure to better integrate renewables. Such efforts would not only help meet India's \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Variables** & **Coefficient** & **T-Statistics** & **Prob.** \\ \hline GDP & 53.64 & 2.63 & 0.057 \({}^{*}\) \\ GDP2 & \(-\)7.31 & \(-\)2.53 & 0.064 \({}^{*}\) \\ GDP3 & 0.337 & 2.46 & 0.069 \({}^{*}\) \\ RENC & \(-\)1.04 & \(-\)8.46 & 0.001 \({}^{***}\) \\ ACEL & \(-\)0.76 & \(-\)2.72 & 0.052 \({}^{*}\) \\ FDI & \(-\)0.05 & \(-\)2.44 & 0.070 \({}^{*}\) \\ C & \(-\)125.5 & \(-\)2.67 & 0.055 \({}^{*}\) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} \({}^{*}\) and \({}^{***}\) indicate significance of the variables at 10% and 1% levels, respectively.  
\end{table} 
Table 7: Long-run ARDL (3, 2, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3) estimated results. growing energy demand, but also align with its commitments to reduce greenhouse gas emissions under international climate agreements. Beyond just reducing \(CO_{2}\) emissions, increasing renewable energy consumption also has other environmental benefits, such as reducing air pollution and conserving water resources (since renewable energy sources generally use less water than fossil fuel-based power plants). Economically, it can also create jobs in the renewable energy sector, reduce dependency on imported fossil fuels, and stabilize energy prices. A 1% increase in ACEL exerts a long-term 0.76% decrease in \(CO_{2}\) in India. In many developing regions of India, access to electricity has historically been limited, leading households and businesses to rely on traditional, highly polluting fuels such as biomass (wood, dung, crop residues) and kerosene for cooking, heating, and lighting. Expanding access to grid electricity can reduce reliance on these polluting energy sources, leading to lower overall \(CO_{2}\) emissions. As electricity access improves, particularly if the grid electricity comes from cleaner or more efficient energy sources (like renewables or natural gas rather than coal), \(CO_{2}\) emissions per unit of energy consumed can decrease. India's push towards increasing renewable energy capacity means that new connections to the grid are increasingly powered by cleaner energy sources, further supporting this reduction in emissions. Increased access to electricity is often accompanied by the adoption of more efficient electrical appliances which consume less energy for the same level of service, thus reducing \(CO_{2}\) emissions relative to older, less efficient technologies. Greater access to electricity can improve overall quality of life, leading to better health outcomes and reduced reliance on activities that are harmful to the environment, such as deforestation for fuelwood. A 1% increase in FDI leads to 0.05% long-term decrease in \(CO_{2}\) in India. FDI often brings advanced technologies and practices from more developed economies to India. These technologies are typically more energy-efficient and environmentally friendly compared to those traditionally used in India. For example, foreign investors might introduce cleaner production processes, better waste management practices, or more efficient energy systems that help reduce \(CO_{2}\) emissions. Over time, as these technologies become more integrated into the Indian economy, they contribute to a gradual reduction in emissions. Foreign companies are often subject to stricter environmental regulations in their home countries. When these companies invest in India, they may apply the same higher environmental standards to their operations, leading to reduced emissions. This might include the adoption of green building practices, renewable energy use, and other sustainability initiatives that contribute to lowering \(CO_{2}\) emissions. The modest reduction in \(CO_{2}\) emissions indicates room for enhancing the positive environmental impact of FDI.