## 5 Discussion  
As mentioned in Section 2.3, [PERSON] [36] and [PERSON] et al. [35] have applied BIM and wireless sensor IoT in fire information management, but their studies lacked verification of the ICS disaster relief response. [PERSON] et al. [38] and [PERSON] et al. [40] have used VR to simulate evacuation, but they did not incorporate the IoT into the simulation models. In addition to the aforementioned research contributions, this study contributed in terms of the following novel methods and breakthroughs:  
1. This study established an E-management system of the ICS, which provided (A) equipment health inspection and evaluation; (B) equipment early warning services; (C) disaster prevention and early warning services; (D) disaster assistance and reporting services; (E) disaster assistance and relief services; and (F) immediate post-disaster damage assessment services (Figure 15);
2. The intelligent disaster prevention system constructed in this study had complete system integration, including the fire-fighting radio dispatch system in the whole district, real-time multidirectional wireless calls, independent telephone lines, LINE and SMS push notifications, and real-time audiovisual internal and external disaster relief information reporting and contact. Furthermore, the system was fully integrated into the ICS;
3. One-click trigger method for reporting to relevant units: The entire system can be triggered to rapidly notify relevant internal units and fire brigade through the issuing of a single command. The system can also collect equipment information at the  
Figure 14: Post management: Recovery of follow-up inquiry. (Source: Research Data). (**a**) Generate number of casualties; (**b**) Follow up with incident control center; (**c**) Recover follow-up inquiry.  
disaster location and display the nearest exit and optimal rescue location for personnel at each location (Figure 16).
* A drill was conducted on National Disaster Prevention Day, simulating several emergency situations such as short circuits of billboard wires resulting from an earthquake, suppression of an indiscriminate violent attack by the military police, and disposal of an explosive by the Criminal Investigation Bureau. Figure 17 is the TV display during the drill simulation. Figure 18 shows the shows of some specific areas of drill on National Disaster Prevention Day in Taipei Main Station.  
This system has been conducted in a disaster prevention exercise on the National Disaster Prevention Day in 2020. The scene was (1) the fire in an advertising box caused by the earthquake caused a short circuit, and the firefighters carried out disaster relief drills; (2) the indiscriminate violent attack was subdued by the military police (on the (d) Drill simulation of Figure 6); (3) the explosives were dismantled by the Criminal Bureau's blast squad. It has been verified that the system has excellent function through actual exercises. This \"Taipei Main Station Intelligent Disaster Prevention System\" has won the Smart Transportation Award in 2020 (Figure 19) [54].  
Figure 15: E-system emergency response process. (Source: Research Data). (**a**) Condition inspection and repair module; (**b**) Monitoring and remote transmission module; (**c**) Real-time monitoring and security analysis module; (**d**) Early warning reporting and disaster relief support module.  
Figure 16: One-click trigger used to identify the nearest exit. (Source: Research Data).  
Figure 17: Television display at normal times. (Source: Taipei Main Station Intelligent Joint Disaster Prevention Center, 2021).  
Figure 18: Drill on national disaster prevention day in specific areas of Taipei Main Station. (Source: Taipei Main Station Intelligent Joint Disaster Prevention Center, 2021).