# Cognitive Radio Network Technology for IoT-Enabled Devices +
## 4 Cognitive Capabilities Operating in Combination IoT Communication Technologies  
It is predicted that additional forms of communication technologies will make it possible for IoT to incorporate cognitive elements. This study demonstrates why these reducing forms of communication are so crucial in the modern world.  
* CR with Cloud Services: We predict that the \"everything as a service\" model, based on cloud-based resource sharing, will become the common practice in the world in the near future. With an internet connection, people will be able to use any service at any time and from any location. Unfortunately, gaining access to these tools is extremely difficult. Service-based infrastructure, service-based platforms, and service-based software are the three primary service models in cloud computing. Sensing as a service is also advocated in addition to these options. Due to cloud technology's unique properties, communication, storage, setup, and management should be considered at the network edge, close to end users. Cloud computing and CRN's cognitive skills, including dynamic spectrum access, can enable IoT services.
* CR with WSN: Recently, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have shown their value in the real world. Because of their small size and low price, sensors have become an invaluable tool for collecting data. Their incorporation into IoT frameworks has been facilitated by the requirement for constant awareness everywhere. Spectrum availability and interference continue to hinder the gathering of information from these sensors in huge spatial deployments and domestic applications. In addition, sensors with limited resources generate and transmit unprocessed data instead of vast and valuable data streams. WSN data can be advantageous for localized applications, but may not be optimal for the internet of things. Consequently, WSNs and CRNs offer infrastructure-free, self-organized networks with intriguing IoT applications [37; 38].  
Figure 6: Security issues in cognitive radio.  
CR with Wireless Sensor and Actuator Networks (WSANs): WSANs take action based on environmental sensing. Their ad hoc nature results in minimal physical exertion and, typically, a single task. The integration of WSANs in the IoT requires a broader perspective. A significant obstacle is the timely and efficient transmission of actions to actuators. Near-field communication (NFC) and RFID have been primarily adapted for Wireless Sensor and Actuator Networks; however, a cognitive info communication perspective is also being researched for inclusion in the IoT framework [39].
* CR with M2M and D2D Communication: The increasing number of devices has shifted the focus from human-to-human (H2H) communication to machine-to-machine (M2M) communication. Several devices, including mobile phones, laptops, and sensors, are capable of exchanging data without human intervention. Machine-to-machine (M2M) communication is crucial to the development of future internet of things frameworks because of the significance of machine data. Increases in the number of connected devices are becoming more common each year. Another difficulty is that the current state of the internet does not allow for the efficient transport of massive amounts of data from these devices. The vision centers on the incorporation of intelligence into these devices, with the expectation that they will act independently to set up self-configuring networks. Because of their vulnerability to interference, the conventional wireless methods proposed for M2M communication have been largely abandoned [40]. The integration of CRNs is also necessary for the efficient sharing of network resources between M2M and conventional H2H communications. D2D communication, on the other hand, can be utilized with CRNs to facilitate the internet of things because it enables devices to interact directly with one another without the need for a relay node.