# Cumulative Impact of Testing Factors in Usability Tests for Human-Centered Web Design +
## 6 Results
### The Results of the Experiment and Their Interpretation
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Methods**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Metrics**} & \multicolumn{6}{c}{**Aesthetic Design**} \\ \cline{3-10}  & & & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Individual Testing**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Group Testing**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Mann-**} \\ \cline{3-10}  & & & **before** & **after Task** & **Delta (s)** & **before Task** & **after Task** & **Delta (s)** & **Whitney, \(\Delta\)** \\  & & & **Task** & **after Task** & **(s)** & **before Task** & **after Task** & **Delta (s)** & **\(p\)-Value** \\ \hline \multirow{9}{*}{**Methods**} & \multirow{2}{*}{Intellectual liability (A\({}_{\text{mean}}\))} & **187.05** & **182.93** & \(-\)**41.2** & \(186.9\) & \(185.14\) & \(-\)1.76 & \\  & & (1.057) & (1.128) & (1.504) & (3.478) & (8.230) & (6.401) & \\  & & Calmness/anxiety & 7 & 7 & 0 & 6.9 & 6.8 & \(-\)0.1 & \\  & & (0.471) & (0.480) & (0.667) & (1.286) & (1.135) & (0.316) & \\  & & Emotional stress & Energy/fatigue & **6.9** & 5.5 & \(-\)1.4 & 5.9 & 5.8 & \(-\)0.1 & \\  & & (1.197) & (0.527) & (1.505) & (0.737) & (0.788) & (0.568) & **0.035** \\  & & (10 to 1) & Excitement/depression & 6.9 & 6.9 & 0 & 7.2 & 6.9 & \(-\)0.3 & \\  & & (0.567) & (0.316) & (0.817) & (0.632) & (0.567) & (0.483) & \\  & & Self-conf./helplessness & 6.85 & 7.1 & 0.3 & 6.5 & 6.8 & 0.3 & \\  & & (1.475) & (1.100) & (1.767) & (1.080) & (0.918) & (1.059) & \\  & & **187.15** & **171.13** & \(-\)**16.02** & **186.96** & **159.2** & \(-\)**27.76** & \\  & & (1.285) & (0.367) & (**2.791) & (**1.028) & (**5.860) & (**5.977**) & **0.000** \\  & & & **7.1** & **6.1** & **–1** & **6.7** & **5.1** & **–1.6** & \\  & & (0.875) & (**0.800**) & **(0.471)** & **(1.330)** & **(1.286)** & **(0.699)** & **0.000** \\  & & & & & & & & \\ \multirow{9}{*}{**Methods**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Functional**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Energ/fatigue & 6.5 & 5.9 & \(-\)0.1 & 5.9 & 5.8 & \(-\)0.1 & \\  & & (0.670) & (0.737) & (0.568) & (0.737) & (0.788) & (0.568) & 1.000 \\  & & & 6.9 & 7 & 0.1 & 6.9 & 7 & 0.1 \\ \multirow{9}{*}{**Methods**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Efficient**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Energy/fatigue & 6.5 & \(-\)0.1 & 5.6 & \(-\)0.1 & 5.9 & \(-\)0.2 & \\  & & (0.670) & (0.737) & (0.568) & (0.737) & (0.788) & (0.568) & 1.000 \\  & & & 6.9 & 7 & 0.1 & 6.9 & 7 & 0.1 \\ \multirow{9}{*}{**The cumulative effects discovered in our work may in short be described as follows:  
**monotonous task + group work + non-aesthetic design**  
monotonous task + individual work + aesthetic design  
monotonous task + individual work + non-aesthetic design  
**anxiety task + group work + aesthetic design**  
anxiety task + group work + non-aesthetic design  
\(\geq\) anxiety effect  
anxiety task + individual work + aesthetic design  
anxiety task + individual work + non-aesthetic design  
\(\geq\) signs of hyperlability effect  
Thus, the worst options are, for monotony: non-aesthetic design + group work, and for anxiety: aesthetic design + group work. The best combinations are, for monotony: aesthetic design + group work, and for anxiety: non-aesthetic design + individual work. Given all stated above, we recommend individual task completion in real life if very good design is not guaranteed; however, the linkage of good design with task features still demands further investigation. As noted in Section 4, we have also tested the hypotheses found in the extant literature: H1 on intensification of formation of dysfunctional tasks in group work, H2 on bad effects of group testing combined with good design for both types of tasks, and H3 on combination of non-aesthetic design and group work leading to growth of task-related emotional states and decrease of intellectual ability. Our results show that, for both types of tasks, group work enhances the dysfunctional states associated with it. This allows us to claim the full manifestation of the cumulative effect for the combination of low-quality web design, tasks of both types, and the group testing environment.