# The Integration of AI and Metaverse in Education: A Systematic Literature Review
## 4 Results and Discussion
### Rq3: What AI Techniques Are Utilized Within the Metaverse for Education?
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c} \hline
**Technique** & **Definition** \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Supervised Learning} & This arises when tasks possess labeled data, and is a fundamental AI technique that supports pattern recognition and prediction. This method involves feeding datasets with known outcomes to AI systems to enable them to learn, with the chief objective being to identify patterns in the data to be utilized to translate input into the correct output. Speech recognition, recommendation systems, and picture classification are just a few of the fields in which supervised learning finds widespread use. \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Unsupervised Learning} & This differs from supervised learning due to the absence of labeled data. Thus, without any prior knowledge, AI systems examine unlabeled data to identify underlying structures or patterns. Unsupervised learning is frequently used in clustering and dimensionality reduction. \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Reinforcement Learning} & This is a branch of machine learning whose goal is the reinforcement of learning so as to maximize behavior in intricate settings. By using this method, AI systems acquire new skills by interacting with their surroundings and being rewarded or punished for their efforts. Reinforcement learning differs from supervised learning as it is based on experience rather than labeled data. \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Deep Learning} & This is a specific type of machine learning that models complex patterns and representations in the data using multi-layered neural networks. Applications such as speech recognition, picture identification, and natural language processing demonstrate the power of deep learning. \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Natural Language Processing} & NLP has made intuitive communication possible, revolutionizing human–computer interaction. It has enabled machines to comprehend, interpret, and produce human language and AI systems and to process, evaluate, and react to text or speech data in a manner that is similar to human language comprehension. \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Definitions of AI techniques tackled by researchers for the metaverse and education. (1 mention). Upon further evaluation, we chose to specifically investigate the AI algorithms integrated into the metaverse for education. According to [15; 80], it is useful to consider the following classification and projection of algorithms for AI techniques:  
* - Algorithms for Supervised Learning: Support vector machines (SVM), logistic regression, random forests, decision trees, linear regression, and fuzzy logic. * - Algorithms for Unsupervised Learning: Hierarchical clustering, principal component analysis (PCA), and K-means clustering. * - Algorithms for Reinforcement Learning: Q-learning, Deep Q network (DQN). * - Algorithms for Deep Learning: Long short-term memory (LSTM), recurrent neural networks (RNN), convolutional neural networks (CNN), and transformers. * - Natural Language Processing: Generative Pre-trained Transformer (GPT)  
In Table 4, we have included some definitions of most AI algorithms discussed in this investigation. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**Algorithm** & **Definition** & **Reference** \\ \hline Linear regression & Linear regression is a statistical method for modeling the relationship between a dependent variable and one or more independent variables by fitting a linear equation to the observed data. & [81] \\ Logistic regression & Logistic regression is a statistical method used for binary classification, predicting the probability that a given input point belongs to a particular category using the logistic function. & [82] \\ Support vector machines & Support vector machines are supervised learning models used for classification and regression that find the hyperplane that best separates different classes in the feature space. & [83] \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: Definitions of AI algorithms considered by researchers regarding the metaverse and education.