## 3 Results and Discussion
### Vertical (VFT) and Horizontal (HFT) Flammability Tests (UL-94)
The flame front exceeds the measuring range, and the combustion speed for the samples with a thickness of 3-13 mm is not greater than 40 mm/min [34]. Observations made in the course of the study proved that all the materials met at least one of the above criteria and can be given the HB flame class. The research carried out in the horizontal mode showed the total combustion of MMT-reinforced materials, although in this case, the flame also detached with the molten fragments of the nanocomposite. The list of the parameters obtained by the reference samples with all the compositions, on which 5-15 triple layers were deposited, presented a significant increase in the average burning rate and a reduced number of detached fragments of modified materials. Most likely, the compounds included in the polyelectrolyte solution and dispersions during their decomposition were combined with the free radicals formed during the decomposition process. The consequence of this reaction could be the dehydrogenation of the polymer, as a consequence of which a protective barrier of coke was formed on the surface of the sample [21]. The parameters obtained by the combustion of materials in a vertical position are presented in Table 4. The main criteria that allow giving the tested materials a specific combustibility class were the combustible properties of the sample, determined as the burning time of the material, as well as the \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Sample** & \begin{tabular}{c} **Buming** \\ **Time (s)** \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} **Length of the Burnt Sample** \\ **(mm)** \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} **Buming Rate** \\ **(mm/min)** \\ \end{tabular} & \
\begin{tabular}{c} **Number of** \\ **Drops** \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} **Type of** \\ **Standard Class** \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline REF & 441 \(\pm\) 2 & 100 & 14 \(\pm\) 1 & 280 & I \\
**5L** & - & Did not reach the starting line \({}^{*}\) & - & - & II \\
**10L** & 264 \(\pm\) 2 & 60 & 14 \(\pm\) 1 & 151 & III \\
**15L** & 271 \(\pm\) 2 & 100 & 22 \(\pm\) 1 & 179 & I \\ \hline REFMMT & 430 \(\pm\) 2 & 100 & 13 \(\pm\) 1 & 66 & IV \\
**5 LMMT** & 255 \(\pm\) 2 & 100 & 24 \(\pm\) 1 & 19 & V \\
**10 LMMT** & 266 \(\pm\) 2 & 100 & 23 \(\pm\) 1 & 11 & V \\
**15 LMMT** & 275 \(\pm\) 2 & 100 & 22 \(\pm\) 1 & 26 & V \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}  
* the flame did not exceed the 25 mm line (measuring start line) at which the measuring section began  
\end{table} 
Table 3: Results of the UL-94 combustion carried out in a horizontal position (HB) for the composites covered by using the LbL method. nature of the fragments of the burning material. In this case, the classes V0, V1, V2 were distinguished. The first and second of them refer to the materials whose falling parts of the polymer melt do not contribute to the ignition of the cotton sheet placed under the analyzed composite. These classes differed from each other by burning time. Due to the presented criteria, materials 10L and 15L were qualified for the best fire classes, because the molten fragments of these samples did not initiate the ignition set up under the cotton sheet under study. The shorter burning time of the 10L composite contributed to giving it the FV-0 class. Compositions marked REFMMT, 5 LMMT, 10 LMMT, 15 LMMT could not be characterized in the vertical test according to the standard ISO 1210: 1992, due to the fact that the flame reached the mounting bracket. The class of the reference materials REF qualified for the FV-2 group, because the first detached piece of material resulted in cotton ignition. The analysis of the combustion process showed a significant increase in the average burning rate of composites compared to the horizontal mode. In the case of the layer-by-layer method, the average burning time and the length of the burnt sample were reduced. Fittings, into which the matrix aluminosilicate was introduced in the form of MMT, with triple layers embedded in both methods, were completely burned.