# Moving Ad Hoc Networks--A Comparative Study
## 5 Sea Ad-Hoc Networks (SANET)
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**Reference** & **Major Contribution** & **Year** \\ \hline  & [64] & Investigates the existing MAC protocols for FANET, open issues, and research challenges & 2021 \\ \cline{2-4}  & & discussed and summarized & 2021 \\ \cline{2-4}  & [65] & A summary of the existing challenges in the design of a routing protocol in a UAV network & 2021 \\ \cline{2-4}  & & A survey on the state-of-the-art routing protocols proposed in recent years, propose some & 2020 \\ \cline{2-4}  & [66] & \
\begin{tabular}{c} The recent trends in the security and privacy issues that affect the Internet of Drones, \\ and open challenges. \\ \end{tabular} & 2021 \\ \cline{2-4} FANET & [67] &
\begin{tabular}{c} A comprehensive survey of the limited research work of routing schemes in FANETs. \\ Different aspects, including objectives, challenges, routing metrics, characteristics, \\ and performance measures. \\ \end{tabular} & 2020 \\ \cline{2-4}  & [68] & A literature review of UAVs, discuss the different types of UAVs, case studies, and military & 2021 \\ \cline{2-4}  & [69] & Review various applications of blockchain in UAV networks and discuss various challenges & 2020 \\ \cline{2-4}  & [51] & A comprehensive survey presented the architecture, the mobility models, the constraints, \\ \cline{2-4}  & the routing techniques, future challenge perspectives, and the simulation tools for FANETs. & 2019 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 5: Summary of the existing surveys on FANET. Short-distance sea is within the sea area (equivalent to the A1 sea area) about 30 nautical miles from the coast of the short-distance sea area and consists in general communication and distress/safety communication, search and rescue activities, and on-site use by digital selective calling devices (DSC) and radiotelephones using the frequency of the very high-frequency band. Middle distance sea is within the sea area (equivalent to the A2 sea area) about 150 nautical miles from the coast of the medium-distance sea area, and includes general communication, distress/safety communication, search and rescue by DSC, radiotelephone, and narrow-band direct printing telegraphs (NBDP) within which the frequency of the medium- and short-wave band communication of activities and field activities is carried out. The long-distance communication area is for ships located in the open sea area; terrestrial radio communication is carried out by DSC, radiotelephone, and NBDP in the short-wave band for general communication, distress/safety communication, and search and rescue activities. Communication in the short-wave band is an important wireless communication method, especially for vessels navigating in the sea area (equivalent to the A4 sea area) beyond the communication area (equivalent to the A3 sea area) of the Inmarsat satellite. The Broadcasting of Maritime Safety Information. Maritime safety information (MSI) such as navigation warnings, weather warnings, and urgent notifications necessary to prevent or minimize marine accidents is available in English Navtex (518 kHz) or Japanese Navtex (424 kHz) for ships. In addition, maritime safety information, which consists of the navigation information, search and rescue information, and weather information that make up maritime safety information is reported from the MSI Coordinating Agency to each ship station via the Coastal Bureau. Satellite wireless communication. Inmarsat satellite communication is a system that can always communicate worldwide except for station areas by the frequency band of 1.5 GHz/1.6 GHz, and the wireless telephone, facsimile, and data communication can be used. The Cospas Sirsat system is a search and rescue communication system that uses the 121.5 MHz and 406 MHz satellites EPIRB. The system uses several low-altitude polar-orbiting satellites of approximately 850 km. Distress signals:  
* Inmarsat Ship Earth Station Radio Equipment. * Inmarsat B, C, and F can send distress information from ships to land. * 406 MHz satellite EPIRB.