## 4 Mycotoxins in Food Commodities in Cameroon
### Feeds  
Cow and beef meat, poultry meat, pork meat, fish, eggs, and milk are among the most frequently consumed foods of animal origin in Cameroon [45]. A concentration of AFs in the range of 39-950 \(\upmu\)g/kg was reported in peanuts meal destined for poultry feeds [33]. The levels of mycotoxins in poultry feeds (generally made up to 80% of maize and sorghum) in Cameroon were assessed by [PERSON] et al. [46]. They collected 63 poultry feeds samples from 35 farms situated in areas at high intensity of animal breeding: western highlands (Bamenda, Bafoussam, and Bangante) and southern zone (Yaounde). All poultry feeds were contaminated by FBs (B1, B2, B3), DON, ZEN, and 20 other mycotoxins that are not yet regulated. With regard to fish farming, in a recent study, they revealed the situation in four regions of Cameroon [47]. Feeding practices are characterized by the use of locally formulated powdered feeds (31.7%), animal manure, chicken droppings (20.5%), and pig dung (18.7%). Feed for fish farming is mainly composed of local cotton seeds, groundnut flour, maize, fish flour, and animal manure.  
Hazard index is a proportion number indicating the level of contamination compared to the maximum level; this help to appreciate the possibility of risks. Table 3 provides an overview of dietary exposure to mycotoxins through the consumption of contaminated foods in Cameroon, as well as the expected intake compared to the health guidance available.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Food**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Contamination**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Estimated Daily Intake**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Total Daily Intake**} \\  & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Consumption**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**(Mean,**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**(\(\upmu\)g/kg)**} & & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**(\(\upmu\)g/kg bw/day)**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**(\(\upmu\)g/kgbw/day)**} \\
**Foodstuff** & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**kg/Person/Day**} & & & & & & & **(Average bw = 60 kg)** & & **\%TDI = (HUTD) \(\times\)** \\
**Agroecology** & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**FAO-FBS**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**TDS**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Min**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Mean**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Max**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Min**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Mean**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Max**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**TDI**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**TDS**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**TDS**} \\  & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**FBS (2018)**} & & & & & & & & & & **(Mean)** & **(Mean)** \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Maze} & \multirow{4}{*}{0.14} & \multirow{4}{*}{0.023} & AFB1: 0.8 & - & 20 & 0.0018 & 0.003 & - & - & 0.046 & 0.007 & NE & - & - \\  & & & FUL: 50 & 3684 & 26 & 0.12 & 0.02 & 8.6 & 1.4 & 60.6 & 9.96 & 2 & 430 & 70 \\  & & DON: 100 & - & 1300 & 14 & 2.3 & - & - & 182 & 29.9 & 1 & 1400 & 230 \\  & & & ZEA: 27 & 69 & 334 & 0.063 & 0.01 & 0.16 & 0.026 & 0.78 & 0.13 & 0.5 & 32 & 5.2 \\ Rice & 0.11123 & 0.201 & OTA: 0.2 & - & 0.3 & 0.0003 & 0.0007 & - & - & 0.0005 & 0.001 & 0.014 & 3.6 & 7.1 \\ Cassava & 0.265 & 0.73 & AFB1: 6 & - & 194 & 0.027 & 0.073 & - & - & 0.86 & 2.36 & NE & - & - \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 3: Dietary exposure to mycotoxins through the consumption of contaminated foods in Cameroon. Expected intake compared to health guidance available.