## 3 Results and Discussions
Therefore, the effects of thermal and solute capillary convection are weakened, resulting in a gradual decrease in flow velocity and amplitude as well as a weakening of oscillation. Figure 13a exhibits the longitudinal velocity oscillation of the upper monitoring point \"a\" under different heat loss conditions, and Figure 13b exhibits the PSD of longitudinal velocity. Figure 13a illustrates that the development processes of longitudinal and transverse velocities are different. After experiencing a stable development process, the longitudinal velocity will enter a pulsating oscillation, and the oscillation rule is not as obvious as the transverse velocity. Figure 13b shows that the monitoring point has two main frequencies under different heat losses, both of which are double-periodic oscillations. Additionally, the mean velocity, amplitude, and frequency all decrease as the \(Bi\) number increases. Meanwhile, the power of the longitudinal velocity is smaller than the power of the transverse velocity generally, indicating that the transverse velocity changes sharply at the active region of the hot corner. Figure 14a exhibits the transverse velocity oscillation distribution of the monitoring point \"b\" under different heat loss conditions, and Figure 14b shows the PSD of transverse velocity. Figure 14a exhibits that the transverse velocity of the monitoring point \"b\" also first undergoes a stable development process under different heat loss conditions and then begins to oscillate. Meanwhile, the amplitude will gradually increase and eventually enter the high-frequency stable oscillation stage. Figure 14b exhibits that the monitoring points  
Figure 3:0 (**a**) Oscillation of transverse velocity at monitoring point “a” under different heat loss conditions; (**b**) power spectrum density of transverse velocity (\(R=5\) mm, \(Ar=1.0\), \(Pr=5.54\), \(Le=25.8\), \(Ca_{C}=-0.021\), \(\rho_{1}/\rho_{g}=597.9\)). have only one main frequency and are all subject to single-periodic oscillation. Although the oscillation exhibits some pulsating characteristics, its pulsatility is not very strong, and this oscillation can still be considered as a stable oscillation. The average transverse velocity values under different heat loss conditions are 1.24 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-4}\), 6.85 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-5}\), and 8.43 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-6}\), respectively. The amplitudes are 8.8 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-5}\), 7.1 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-5}\), and 4.5 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-5}\), respectively. The oscillation frequencies are 0.053, 0.053, and 0.047, respectively. The transverse velocity value, amplitude, and frequency decrease as the \(Bi\) number increases. Figure 15a shows the longitudinal velocity oscillation of the monitoring point \"b\" under different heat loss conditions, and Figure 15b shows the PSD of longitudinal velocity. Figure 3:1 (**a**) Oscillation of transverse velocity at monitoring point “b” under different heat loss conditions; (**b**) power spectrum density of transverse velocity (\(R\) = 5 mm, \(Ar\) = 1.0, \(Pr\) = 5.54, \(Le\) = 25.8, \(Ca_{C}\) = -0.021, \(\rho_{1}/\rho_{g}\) = 597.9). Figure 3:2 (**a**) Oscillation of longitudinal velocity at monitoring point “a” under different heat loss conditions; (**b**) power spectrum density of longitudinal velocity (\(R\) = 5 mm, \(Ar\) = 1.0, \(Pr\) = 5.54, \(Le\) = 25.8, \(Ca_{C}\) = -0.021, \(\rho_{1}/\rho_{g}\) = 597.9). The longitudinal velocity also first undergoes a stable development process, and then begins to oscillate, and the amplitude gradually increases and finally enters the high-frequency stable oscillation phase. The longitudinal velocity value, amplitude, and frequency all decrease as the Bi number increases. Meanwhile, the average oscillation period increases with the increase in the _Bi_ number.