# Survey: Using Augmented Reality to Improve Learning Motivation in Cultural Heritage Studies
## 4 Questions Posed and Research Methodology
### Research Methodology  
For the exploration carried out into articles related to CH education, and based on the research questions mentioned above, the different kinds of techniques and examples described in the articles by [PERSON], [PERSON], and [PERSON] [47; 48; 49] were considered for the literature review. Figure 2 shows the methodology proposed, and below, the steps are explained in more detail. As the articles by [PERSON], [PERSON] and [PERSON] [47; 48; 49] mention, it is important to define the main research questions for a literature review. To do so, the aspects that the researchers want to answer must be taken into consideration. Here, as a **first step**, the research questions were generated based on the premise of identifying whether implementing AR technologies in CH education would enhance student motivation in the learning environments or not. Once the five research questions had been defined, the next step was to define the keywords, as stated in the article by [PERSON] [49]. The steps to identifying these keywords are as follows:  
1. Analyze the research questions and extract the keywords from them. 2. From the keywords extracted, use papers from the area of interest to find synonyms or new words. Based on the research questions, the initial keywords were heritage, augmented reality (AR), educational, and learning. Later, when searching through papers from the area of interest, articles mentioning the use of technologies (such as AR in heritage), also defined virtual heritage and that the learning process of heritage is known as Cultural Heritage (CH). With the steps mentioned above, the subsequent keywords were considered:  
* Cultural Heritage
* Augmented Reality
* Educational
* Learning  
Figure 2: Steps for article evaluation. * Virtual Heritage  
As a **second step**, the definition of the search string is important [47; 48; 49], i.e., separating each keyword and linking synonym words with the OR connector and using the connector AND to link those words that have some relationship to the research. The search string generated was:  
* Augmented reality AND (cultur* OR virtual*) AND heritage AND (educat* OR learn*)  
Next, as mentioned in the work by [PERSON], [PERSON], and [PERSON] [47; 48; 49], and using the search string, different scientific journals and databases related to computer science were selected. The journals and databases selected were:  
* Scopus
* Science Direct
* Web of Science (WOS)  
As a result, 209 articles from Scopus, 343 from Science Direct, and 109 from WOS were acquired. As a **third step**, the following exclusion criteria were applied to the results:  
* **Year of publication:** any articles not published between 2009 and 2019
* **Article area:** articles different from computer science
* **Document type:** articles that were not published in journals or did not come from conferences
* **Keywords:** articles that do not have keywords such as augmented reality and cultural heritage/virtual heritage  
After applying these exclusion criteria, there were 127 eligible articles from Scopus, 47 from Science Direct, and 47 from WOS. Next, the titles were analyzed and any repeated articles deleted, i.e., articles that appeared on more than one of the WOS, Scopus, or Science Direct platforms. This resulted in 61 repeated articles and 17 others being discarded as there were not accessible. In total, 143 articles were obtained. The **fourth step**, was to carry out a manual exclusion of articles. In other words, only articles that satisfied some of the following were considered:  
* The article mentions the advantages of AR. For instance, if AR improves motivation in CH education. * The article mentions the advantages, disadvantages, and challenges that AR has.