# The Evaluation of Industry 5.0 Concepts: Social Network Analysis Approach
## 4 Results and Discussion
### Social Network Analysis
According to degree score, HC4 was followed by HC8 (training and competence development of production employees to support the implementation and use of digital production technologies or digital assistance systems). Compared with the abovementioned parameters, this parameter had lower, but significant, closeness and eigenvector scores. Additionally, its betweenness score was low, meaning that it did not affect the achievement of other actors of the network. HC5 (training and competence development of production employees in data security and data compliance) was the fifth most significant human-centric indicator. Although this indicator did not influence other actors in the network, it was close to them, which was seen in both the closeness and eigenvector scores. HC7 (training and competence development of production employees with a cross-functional focus) was not crucial for establishing human-centricity in Serbian manufacturing firms; however, this indicator was close to the other indicators related to training and competence development, meaning that they partially influenced each other. When it comes to improved ways of working, HC3 (integration of tasks) showed that this indicator was not common among the firms that took part in this research, resulting in a low degree score. This also caused low closeness to other network actors, as well as low betweenness and eigenvector scores. HC3 was followed by HC10 (training and competence development of production employees towards creativity and innovation). This actor also had low degree, closeness, betweenness, and eigenvector scores since these kinds of training and competence development are not usually held. Next, HC2 (the use of internet/network connection in real time for automated data exchange) was not often implemented in Serbian manufacturing firms, which was followed by low degree, closeness, betweenness, and eigenvector scores. Finally, HC1 (the use of interactive interfaces with the operator) was rarely found, which impacts its betweenness score, meaning that it usually does not lie on the nodes of the network. Closeness and eigenvector values were also the lowest, when compared with other network actors. These data are visually presented in Figure 1.  
Table 4 gives information about the sustainability approach. The parameters, and the degree, closeness, betweenness, and eigenvector scores of the sustainability approach are given in Table 4. The most influential actor of the network was definitely S3 (implementation of measures for improving efficiency in material  
Figure 3: Social network for the resilience approach. consumption), meaning it was usually found in Serbian manufacturing firms. This indicator had a good connection to other actors in the network, as it lies on several network nodes, but it was not well connected to the other important actors of the same network. The second most important indicator for sustainability was S4 (implementation of measures for improving efficiency in energy use). Similar to S3, S4 had a relatively good closeness value, but its betweenness value was significantly lower. Its eigenvector value showed that this indicator does not have a good connection with the other important network actors. S1 (possession of a certified environmental management system) showed that this is one of the crucial indicators for achieving sustainability, which was also seen in its closeness and betweenness scores. However, even though its eigenvector score was higher when compared with the previously mentioned sustainability parameters, S1 also is not well connected to the important actors of the network. S8 (the use of technology, which resulted in a significantly more efficient use of materials when first implemented) was the fourth most important actor of the sustainability network. Its closeness and betweenness scores were relatively good, and its eigenvector value showed improvement when compared with S3, S2, and S1. S8 was followed by S5 (implementation of measures for improving efficiency in water use).