# The IoT/IoE Integrated Security & Safety System of Pompeii Archeological Park
## 11 The Monitoring Systems  
The set of projects that have been developed as part of this comprehensive initiative encompasses a wide array of advanced systems and technologies aimed at the continuous, multi-dimensional monitoring and management of the site and its surrounding environ ment. These include structural monitoring systems designed to track the integrity and behavior of buildings and archeological structures over time, as well as microclimatic and environmental monitoring networks that collect data on temperature, humidity, air quality, and other critical parameters that influence the preservation of cultural assets. In addition, the system uses the features of the sophisticated and integrated video surveillance infrastructure, augmented by the strategic deployment of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and the utilization of high-resolution satellite imagery and remote sensing data. These tools collectively allow for the acquisition of a vast and diverse dataset that encompasses structural, topographic, atmospheric, and human activity-related information. This comprehensive and multi-source data acquisition strategy is essential for capturing both the static and dynamic aspects of the site's conditions, ensuring the ability to respond not only to long-term trends but also to sudden, critical events in real time. The collected data, once acquired, is subjected to in-depth analysis using both traditional computational models and real-time data processing algorithms. This enables operators and researchers to gain timely and actionable insights into a wide range of issues, from routine operational management to the handling of emergency situations. Of particular importance is the capacity to monitor and address phenomena related to climate change, such as the increased frequency of extreme weather events, temperature anomalies, rising humidity, and soil instability, all of which can pose significant risks to cultural heritage sites. By effectively integrating all these data sources and analytical tools, the system greatly enhances the risk management capabilities of the considered site, enabling more effective planning, mitigation, and emergency response strategies. Crucially, this risk management capability is not confined solely to the core archeological site, but it is also extended to encompass a broader geographic scope, including the so-called peripheral sites, as well as the wider surrounding territorial context. This expansion ensures a more holistic approach to site management and conservation, recognizing that environmental, climatic, and anthropogenic pressures do not respect administrative boundaries and must be addressed through integrated, multi-scale strategies. Within the broader framework of the Smart@Pompeii development initiative, a key element has been the integration of satellite data derived from internationally recognized Earth Observation programs, specifically, the European Copernicus program and Italy's COSMO-SkyMed satellite constellation. The Copernicus Earth Observation Program, coordinated by the European Commission in collaboration with the European Space Agency (ESA), provides high-quality, timely, and freely accessible data and services. These include land surface monitoring, atmospheric composition analysis, climate change indicators, and emergency management tools. In the context of site preservation, security, and safety, Copernicus delivers accurate insights into land use changes, vegetation health, urban development pressures, and potential natural hazards, supporting informed decision making across a broad spectrum of disciplines. The COSMO-SkyMed (Constellation of Small Satellites for Mediterranean basin Observation), developed by the Italian Space Agency (ASI) and the Italian Ministry of Defense, is a dual-use (civil and military) satellite system composed of radar imaging satellites capable of capturing high-resolution images under all weather conditions, day and night.