# Formation of ZnO/CuO Heterostructures Based on Quasi-One-Dimensional Nanomaterials
## 5 Discussion of the Presented Results  
Semiconductor heterostructures are the basis for advanced electronic and optoelectronic devices; they form the core of constructions of field-effect transistors, quantum electronics devices, computing systems, lighting technology, and electronic equipment  
Figure 11: SEM image of ZnO nanowires formed on the surface of Cu-Zn alloy in the process of laser irradiation on the pre-etching material [38]. Figure 10: Re-established with PSV Presentation software, distribution of vibration rates over the sample at a frequency equal to the laser irradiation frequency of 100 Hz over the time 0.625 ms [38]. for communication and telecommunication systems. The combination of materials with different conductivity types is an effective approach to creating such heterostructures. The use of synergistic effects of heating and laser-induced vibrations has allowed a new approach to the formation of quasi-dimensional nanostructured metal oxides by laser-matter interaction. A new method of synthesis was developed and a number of nanomaterials ranging from nanoporous to layered metal-semiconductor based oxide-metal nanowires were synthesized by pulse-periodic laser irradiation. As a result of laser irradiation with a pulse duration in the micro- and millisecond range, the synthesis of ZnO nanowires on the surface of Cu-Zn alloy was carried out. The conditions of ZnO/CuO heterostructure formation under the laser-induced vibration were revealed and described in [38]. The possibility of synthesis of ZnO/CuO nanocomposite material by surface etching of copper-zinc substrate has been determined. Scanning electron microscopic and X-ray studies of samples after pulsed-periodic laser irradiation were performed. The method of X-ray diffraction, based on the ability of X-rays to reflect from the planes of the crystal lattice of the material, can determine in polycrystalline objects: the size of areas of coherent scattering; lattice parameters of the different fractions; the presence of chemical compounds. X-ray diffraction pattern analysis showed that oxidation during pulse-periodic laser treatment led to the formation of oxides on the surface of the becoming porous Cu-Zn alloy substrate: monoclinic CuO and wurtzite ZnO. It was found that there were differences in the structure of the surface layers of non-etching and dezincified after oxidation in the process of laser exposure. The products of oxidation in the process of pulse-periodic laser treatment depended on the initial surface composition. The laser irradiation of the non-etching material resulted in the formation of ZnO nanowires on the surface of the metallic material. On an unzincified surface, a network of ZnO nanowires and a CuO nanofilm on the surface of the metallic material was formed by laser irradiation [153]. By varying the processing regimes and the percentage of copper and zinc components in the initial brass, for example, by reducing the zinc content, integration of 1D/1D nanomaterials such as ZnO and CuO nanowires on an electrically conductive metallic material can be implemented. Integrated 1D/1D heterostructures can be used to create a wide range of functional devices such as light-emitting diodes, rectifier transistors and diodes [156]. The difficulty is that such nanowires synthesized by pulse-periodic laser irradiation typically have random directions on the metal substrate. Their direction and spatial location are still difficult to control, and regimes for oriented structuring of highly ordered nanowires are not yet feasible. Reliable methods for the synthesis of high-quality oxide heterostructures are still under development, the simplest fabrication method is the mechanical transfer of one 2D crystal to another using step-by-step manipulation. In [157], a method of creating 2D heterostructures is proposed where an oxide layer on a polished metal surface is deposited under controlled conditions and transferred to another substrate simply by pressing it against the target surface.