Investments to improve agricultural activities also benefit the employees of the country. In natural farming, farmers are required to visit fields to evaluate crop conditions. Moreover, 70% of farmers' time is spent in understanding the condition and monitoring of crops [7]. However, farming concerns can be overcome with smart agriculture, which aims to provide a sustainable solution with a low environmental effect. The recent advancements in communication and sensor technology allows the implementation of remote monitoring of crop fields from any location. At present, the Internet of Things (IoT) provides an opportunity to implement real-time monitoring of the agriculture field from any remote location [8]. The wide scope of the Internet provides an opportunity to effectively implement precision agriculture. For implementing the IoT in agriculture, the wireless communication protocol plays a crucial role in connecting the IoT server's agricultural fields. In addition, agricultural fields are generally located in areas with poor connectivity [9]. Thus, the IoT demands low power consumption and long-range transmission-based wireless communication protocols because the end devices are energy-constrained [10]. The evolution of the low power wide area network (LPWAN) is meeting the requirements of the IoT. Among LPWAN wireless technologies, long-range (LoRA) is delivering robust and advanced wireless connectivity for communicating data from sensor nodes to a cloud server with zero subscription charges [11; 12]. Additionally, in the agriculture field, the deployment of nodes plays a significant role because it provides information regarding the number of nodes required in the field. The nodes should be embedded with a localization mechanism to send the data to the sink node and gateway using the shortest path. The localization of the sensor nodes in agriculture is also an important factor for identifying a node located within the large area of an agricultural field. The contributions of the study are as follows:  
1. An overview of LoRa and distinct localization algorithms, namely range-free and range-based, is provided in this article. 2. The customization of sensor nodes and the gateway was designed and implemented for monitoring agriculture. 3. LoRa and Wi-Fi communication for agriculture is also proposed. 4. Implementation of a localization algorithm for agriculture is presented, and we conclude that hybrid range-based localization algorithms are more reliable, scalable, and easy to deploy in the field. 5. The energy harvesting mechanism for the sensor nodes is presented, and was evaluated using the Cisco packet tracer. 6. To characterize the behavior of LoRa, we undertook a simulation using MATLAB. 7. A real-time experiment was performed using the customized sensor node and gateway. The sensor node was able to communicate with the cloud server through the LoRa-based gateway. This paper is organized as follows: Section 2 provides the theoretical background with technical specifications of wireless communication protocols. Section 3 presents an overview of LoRa and localization algorithms. Section 4 discusses the customization of the sensor node and gateway, and the LoRa and Wi-Fi communication-enabled architecture for agriculture. Section 5 outlines the simulation of localization, energy harvesting, and MATLAB simulation. Section 6 describes the real-time experimental setup and discusses the results.