## 3 Results and Discussion
### Selectivity Studies  
The selectivity of the MIP was determined using Equations (7)-(9). Deionized water was spiked with 10 mg L\({}^{-1}\) of each target compound in the presence of equivalent quantities of acetaminophen, which was utilized as a competitor in a multi-component process. Acetaminophen is a popular analgesic drug with physicochemical properties and a size  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Polymer**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Compounds**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Pseudo-First-Order**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Pseudo-Second-Order**} \\ \cline{3-6}  & & \(\mathbf{R^{2}}\) & \(\mathbf{R^{2}}\) & \(\mathbf{K_{2}\left(\text{mg}\,\text{g}^{-1}\right)}\) & \(\mathbf{Q_{e}\left(\text{mg}\,\text{g}^{-1}\right)}\) \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{NIP} & Emtricitabine & 0.84 & 0.98 & 0.56 & 0.92 \\  & Tenofovir & 0.90 & 1.00 & 0.73 & 3.58 \\  & disoproxi & 0.75 & 0.99 & 0.43 & 2.91 \\  & Diclofenac & 0.63 & 1.00 & 0.65 & 3.75 \\  & Ibuprofen & 0.92 & 0.92 & 0.42 & 0.10 \\  & Efavirenz & 0.84 & 0.92 & 0.76 & 0.92 \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 4: _Cont._  
Figure 8: Swelling capacity of polymer as a function of time.  
similar to the target compounds [40]. It co-exists with all the mentioned target compounds in aquatic bodies. The competitor's molecular structure is similar to the target compounds in that they contain a carboxylic group. The hydrogen atom of the carboxylic group is predicted to interact with the nitrogen atom of 2-vinylpyridine, which is our functional monomer, as it should interact the same with acetaminophen. The MIP \(K^{\prime}\) values were compared to acetaminophen to determine the effect of imprinting on selectivity. The compounds' binding capabilities on the MIP were found to be greater than those on the NIP. Table 5 summarizes the compound \(K_{D}\), \(K\), and \(K^{\prime}\) values. EMI, TENO, NAP, DICLO, IBU, and EFV have \(K^{\prime}\) values of 1.08, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.06, and 1.05, respectively, which are graphically represented in Figure 5. In aqueous samples, the selectivity of the MIP and NIP towards ARVs and NSAIDs in the presence of acetaminophen demonstrated that MIP has a slightly better selectivity towards the target compounds than the NIP.  
The findings indicated that the MIP also shows significant adsorption efficiencies for five targeted compounds in the presence of the competitor. The order of the \(K_{d}\) values on the selectivity of MIP was EFV > TENO > DICLO > EMIJ > NAP, IBU than acetaminophen, which might imply that the imprinting cavities of the compounds were produced depending on the interplay of shape, size, quantity of hydrogen bonding, and functionality of the template. Some compounds are chosen over others, even in multi-template MIPs. The provided \(K_{d}\) values ranging from approximately 1.68 to 1.81 suggest a moderate affinity between the target molecule and the MIPs. These results are lower than those of [PERSON] et al. [30], whose \(K_{d}\) values ranged between 1.0 and 3.9 for bulk polymerization of NSAIDs. These values indicate that the MIPs exhibit a consistent and reasonably strong binding capability toward the target molecule across multiple measurements. While not exceptionally high, these \(K_{d}\) values signify significant and reliable binding interactions, making the MIPs promising candidates for various applications requiring selective binding, such as chemical sensing, separation, and purification processes. Further optimization and characterization may be pursued to enhance the binding affinity and specificity of these MIPs for targeted applications.