# Trends and Recommendations for Enhancing Maturity Models in Supply Chain Management and Logistics
## 2 Materials and Methods
### Bibliometric Analysis  
Bibliometric analysis is a research methodology that utilizes algorithms, arithmetic, and statistics to analyze large quantities of data [52]. It provides an objective representationof contributions and relationships between different factors. There are two main categories of bibliometric analysis: performance analysis and science mapping [53]. Performance analysis focuses on research contributions, such as publication metrics, citation metrics, and citation-and-publication metrics. Science mapping, on the other hand, examines relationships through citation analysis, co-citation analysis, bibliographic coupling, co-word analysis, and co-authorship analysis. Network metrics, clustering, and visualization techniques are commonly employed to enhance the analysis. Several authors have recently conducted this type of analysis [54; 55], highlighting its usefulness and contribution to research. The development of bibliometric analysis has been mainly facilitated by the availability of bibliometric software, including Bibliometrix [56], VOSviewer [57], and Gephi [58]. For this study, bibliometric analysis was conducted using the VOSviewer 1.6.17 and Bibliometrix 4.0 software, ResearchRabbit [59] tool, as well as a spreadsheet, to analyze the metadata from the 137 selected articles and answer to RQ1 and RQ2. The following analyses were performed:  
* Time series analysis: This analysis represents the trend of publications over time and the source types (articles, conference papers, reviews). A spreadsheet was used to analyze the total number of publications per year, which is visualized in a time histogram.
* Journal analysis: This analysis identifies the most relevant journals by examining the total number of publications, the total number of citations, and citations per publication per year per journal. Bibliometrix software was used for this analysis.
* Geographical distribution analysis: This analysis identifies the most active countries in terms of publishing MMs for SCML. The analysis used the geographical location of the research affiliations as a metric, and the results are presented on a geographical map.
* Authors analysis: This analysis identifies the most relevant and productive scholars. A spreadsheet was used to analyze the total number of publications, the total number of citations, and citations per publication per individual author (Equation (1)). The Qualitative Author's Relevance Assessment (QARA) visualization tool was utilized to present the results [55]. \[\text{CPP}=\frac{\text{Total number of citations}}{\text{Total number of publications}},\] (1)
* Keywords analysis: This analysis examines the relevance, evolution, and ranking of keywords used by authors [60]. The analysis was performed using Bibliometrix and VOSviewer software, and the results are presented through co-occurrence, co-citation, bibliographic coupling networks, trend topics, and thematic maps [61]. These analyses provide insights into the publication trends, key journals, active countries, influential authors, and important keywords related to MMs for SCML.