## 4 Data Analysis and Interpretation
### Study Scenario 1: Li-Ion Storage System with Moderate SoC Level  
Figure 9 presents an overview of the experimental findings from the MA method, showing various power profiles: the renewable PV production (in blue colored line), the  
Figure 8: Power response results without using V2G, baseline case: (**a**) PV power, (**b**) GD power, (**c**) generator frequency, and (**d**) generator line voltages. power response of BESS (in black line), and the compensated power delivered to the grid (in green colored line). The dynamic behavior of the thermal GD power is depicted in Figure 9a, emphasizing the MA method's effectiveness in stabilizing power fluctuations. Figure 9b demonstrates the improved smoothing of power output achieved by the MA method. Additionally, Figure 9c shows the enhanced frequency response of the GD, indicating improved stability, while Figure 9d illustrates the mitigated voltage fluctuations. These results underscore the MA method's effectiveness in enhancing both frequency and voltage responses, validating its utility in improving operational stability. The experimental outcomes of the RR method are depicted in Figure 10, showcasing various power profiles. Figure 10a displays the GD power response, highlighting the R-R method's relief in load tracking by the thermal unit. The effectiveness of power smoothing provided by the R-R method is evidenced in Figure 10b. Moreover, Figure 10c illustrates the improved frequency response of the GD, indicating enhanced stability, while Figure 10d presents the minimized voltage fluctuations at the GD. These findings emphasize how the  
Figure 9: Results of implementing the MA method for V2G aimed at smoothing PV power: (**a**) GD power, (**b**) PV power compensated with Psc, (**c**) Generator frequency, and (**d**) generator line voltages. RR method contributes to optimizing both frequency and voltage responses, validating its application in enhancing system performance. The experimental outcomes of the V2 GSUN method employing a variable time window size through FLC are summarized in Figure 11. This figure illustrates the emulated power profiles. Figure 11 presents the GD power response, where the impact of the V2 GSUN method on power stability is evident. Compared to previous approaches, Figure 11 demonstrates improved effectiveness In power smoothing tasks. Additionally, Figure 11 shows the improved GD frequency response, indicating significantly reduced frequency variability compared to the baseline case. Figure 11 displays the GD voltage response, illustrating minimized fluctuations. These results underscore the capability of the V2 GSUN method to enhance both frequency and voltage stability, affirming its suitability for optimizing grid-connected systems. Figure 10: Experimental outcomes of applying the R-R filter method for V2G to smooth PV power: (**a**) GD power, (**b**) PV power compensated with Psc, (**c**) generator frequency, and (**d**) generator line voltages. In the comparative analysis conducted so far, the proposed V2 GSUN method demonstrates superior performance in stabilizing power fluctuations and maintaining consistent voltage levels compared to the traditional MA and RR methods. Incorporating an FLC to adjust the time window size dynamically allows for more precise power smoothing, resulting in improved grid stability and efficiency. These findings underscore the potential benefits of implementing advanced control strategies in V2G systems to optimize renewable energy integration and enhance overall energy management in isolated MG. Figure 12 depicts the frequency variability after implementing the proposed method and compares it with the other two reference methods and the base case study. Figure 12 shows the frequency response using the MA, R-R, and MA methods enhanced with FLC (V2 GSUN). The V2 GSUN method demonstrates satisfactory performance by significantly reducing frequency variation, thereby maintaining system operation within safe frequency values and highlighting its effectiveness in this specific case.