## 3 Results
### MaMoRes Proposal
An alternative concept, adaptability, indicates adjusting the supply chain's design for market structural changes [73]. Strategies such as _dynamic redesign_ (S2.1) [74], _network strategies and flexible transport systems_ (S2.2) [72], and _product and process strategies_ (S2.3) [75] enhance resilience through agility, flexibility, and adaptability. These sub-dimensions are also aligned with previous works. For instance, [76] investigated the flexibility of transportation systems to achieve resilient supply chains. Redundancy involves proactive actions before a disruption [71], aiming to mitigate risks by maintaining reserved resources [1]. Similarly, robustness involves resisting accidental events and returning to a stable situation [72]. Strategies like _backup suppliers and supplier fortification_ (S3.1) contribute to achieving supply chain resilience [77; 78]. _Overcapacity and buffering_ (S3.2) are additional elements ensuring resilience [6; 71]. While backup supplier means adopting multiple backup sources, supplier fortification refers to enhancing strategic supplier [79]. Finally, resource redundancies may help maintain the same performance in the case of disruptive events [21]. Supply chain visibility refers to having high-quality information throughout supply chain activities, reducing the risks of negative events [80]. On the other hand, transparency is the ability to disclose relevant information to customers and consumers, or other stakeholders interested in supply chain products and operations [81]. _Information sharing and backup_ (S4.1) aid in achieving resilient systems [72]. _Digitalization_ (S4.2) via technologies like big data analytics and blockchain enables supply chain resilience [82]. Digitalization consists of adopting new digital technologies to improve supply chain performance [83]. These technologies allow access to the data from different sources [84], helping the decision-making and leading to the diffusion of new processes that were previously less considered [85]. Indeed, the digital transformation helps in improving organizational performance, such as organizational resilience [86]. Finally, collaboration and relationships are critical for establishing resilient systems [20]. Strategies like _intra- and inter-integration_ (S5.1) distinguish collaborations within or among organizations [87]. Extensive supply chain collaborations consider vertical, horizontal, and lateral relationships [88]. Collaborations are categorized based on objectives aligning via _coordination and cooperation_ (S5.2) [87]. Coordination and cooperation are essential to achieving inter-organizational collaborations [89], which may help during disruptive events. The former dimensions and sub-dimensions were qualitatively validated by the practitioners. They evaluated whether the definitions of the sub-dimensions were clear enough and whether it could have an impact on resilience, as in [90]. One expert highlighted that \"_the dimensions of the MaMoRes model are highly relevant, as they align closely with key factors affecting supply chain resilience_\". Another noted that \"_the sub-dimensions are well-defined and directly relevant to each dimension, providing practical value in real-world applications_\". The model employs a five-level maturity scale, which experts found intuitive and effective: \"_The scale, ranging from fully immature to fully mature, strikes a balance between simplicity and precision, making it user-friendly while maintaining a useful level of detail_\". Additionally, practitioners confirmed that \"_the dimensions and sub-dimensions are clearly distinct, which ensures a focused evaluation and minimizes potential confusion_\". Regarding its practical application, one expert remarked that \"_MaMoRes is a valuable tool for assessing an organization's maturity in supply chain resilience, providing clear insights into areas for improvement_\". Another expert concluded, \"_The model is well-suited for industrial use, offering a comprehensive yet practical framework for real-world application_\".