## 4 Comparative Results  
This section details the experiments conducted to assess the effectiveness of the proposed Octree-hiding technique. The tests involved embedding data into three distinct video segments with varying motion dynamics. The first video, \"Monitoring\", is sourced from a live feed captured by a monitoring system. The second, \"Documentary\", is a clip from a scientific documentary, while the third, \"Film\", is a segment from a feature film. Figure 6 provides a visual example of embedding the \"Baboon\" secret image into the \"Film\" video segment. The figure demonstrates that there is no noticeable visual difference between the original host frames and the carrier frames, with the quality of the extracted secret image being satisfactory. Table 2 displays the results of data embedding in both fast-motion and slow-motion video segments from the three selected host video sources. It is evident from Table 2 that the performance of the proposed Octree technique varies considerably depending on the motion characteristics of the video segment. The Octree method performs exceptionally well with slow-motion video segments. As previously discussed, the Octree technique is designed to leverage both spatial and temporal redundancies in video segments. Slow-motion video segments inherently contain a significant amount of temporal redundancy, providing an advantage for the proposed method. Table 3 provides a comparison between the proposed Octree steganography method and recent data-hiding techniques, evaluating both the embedding ratio and carrier quality. The embedding ratio is assessed using the bit-per-pixel (bpp) metric, while carrier quality is measured with the peak-signal-to-noise-ratio (PSNR) metric. Further details on bpp and PSNR are available in [28; 29]. Figure 6: Showing visually the secret, host, carrier, and the extracted images when hiding using the proposed Octree technique. Table 3 presents a comparison between the proposed Octree scheme and other recent steganography methods. It is evident from the table that the proposed Octree scheme surpasses other state-of-the-art techniques in both hiding capacity and carrier quality. Specifically, the Octree scheme outperforms the other video steganography methods listed in terms of payload capacity. Additionally, the carrier quality achieved by the Octree scheme is superior to several competing methods, even with a significantly higher payload capacity. For instance, while the proposed Octree scheme achieves a capacity rate of 17.65 bpp compared to 7.98 bpp of [PERSON] et al. [12], it also delivers better carrier quality, with an imperceptibility of 46.95 dB versus 44.34 dB. The proposed technique demonstrates superior performance, particularly in slow-motion segments, by effectively leveraging the compaction property of the discrete cosine transform (DCT). The DCT excels in representing a signal using a minimal number of concentrated coefficients, especially in scenarios with high spatial and temporal correlation, \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Motion** & **Hosting Video** & **Hiding Rate (/24)** & **Carrier Quality (dB)** \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Slow} & Monitoring & 23.16 & 28.57 \\ \cline{2-4}  & Documentary & 23.16 & 32.51 \\ \cline{2-4}  & Film & 23.16 & 32.74 \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Fast} & Monitoring & 17.65 & 31.76 \\ \cline{2-4}  & Documentary & 17.65 & 36.37 \\ \cline{2-4}  & Film & 17.65 & 46.95 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: The achieved rates for the embedded capacity and carrier quality metrics obtained by the suggested Octree concealment method for video segments with slow or fast motion.