## 2 Materials and Methods
### Device and Data Processing  
The measurements were made using DINABANG [19] to evaluate lower limb kinetics and kinematics in an open kinematics chain. The device includes a magneto-inertial measuring unit, strain gauge, and specific software to evaluate lower limbs during specific motor tasks [24].  
The torque measurements were made using an EB with one end tied to the ankle and the other held by the physiotherapist. The EB have both nonlinear and viscous properties, referred to as viscoelastic properties [16]. The magnitude of tension determines the deformation of the EB, with a linear range of up to 300% of the resting band length [25]. In this research, the deformation was assumed to be linear because the maximum stretching was 200%. We used Thera-Band(r) [10; 26] EB with middle to high elasticity.  
The instantaneous values of torque and velocity were saved as signals in function of time. The maximum isometric peak torque and the maximum velocity were detected for each recorded trial. After three trials were recorded, the mean of the three maximum values was calculated and named \"maximum isometric peak torque\" and \"maximum velocity\". Torque was normalized for body mass (Nm/kg) [27] to minimize the effect of athlete body size. Maximum velocity was measured in degrees per second (\({}^{\circ}\)/s).  
The sampling frequency of force and velocity signals used by DINABANG [28] is 100 Hz, so as to accurately track movement and detect peak velocity and peak force during motor tasks, as recommended by [PERSON] [29] and confirmed by [PERSON] et al. [24]. The torque values (Nm) were obtained using a calibrated conversion factor. The specific sensor FX1901 (maximum strength of 900 N) by Measurement Specialties(r) is an active part of the device [30]. The data were analyzed to determine the peak torque and maximum angular velocity using OCTAVE, a programming and numeric computing platform [31].  
Both motor tasks (Figure 2) involve a movement favored by gravity, which must be corrected to avoid attributing falsely magnified torque to the muscles. To correct for the gravity effect following the method described by [PERSON] [32], the DINABANG device subtracts the torque produced by the weight of the lower limb or the weight of the shank plus foot, concentrated at the respective centers of mass. Both values (weight and distance to a center of mass) are taken from the Dempster table [23] for the height and body mass of each individual. Implementing this correction for gravity, the maximum value of torque produced by the lower limb was determined. The maximum angular velocity was also measured using a 3-axis gyroscope sensor at a working range of \(\pm 1000^{\circ}\)/s [33].  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline  & **Male (_n = 13_)** & **Female (_n = 7_)** & **Difference (95\% CI)** \\ \hline Age (years) & 26.31 (5.89) & 24.43 (2.07) & 1.88 (\(-\)3.00; 6.76) \\ Height (cm) & 176.46 (5.33) & 163.71 (6.02) & 12.74 (7.26; 18.23) \\ Body mass (kg) & 74.85 (14.16) & 57.86 (5.76) & 16.98 (5.14; 28.8) \\ BMI (kg/m\({}^{2}\)) & 23.89 (3.60) & 21.60 (2.05) & 2.29 (\(-\)0.82; 5.42) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} Notes: Mean value (standard deviation). CI and (95% confidence interval of CI).  
\end{table}
Table 1: Demographic data.