## 3 Design and Experimental Setup  
As shown in Figure 2, a CP-PLUS analog camera model 850 tvl, a Wi-Fi- and Bluetooth-enabled customized hardware with 1 GB RAM and a 256 GB memory card, and a Samsung Grand mobile device were used. The camera was placed in each room of the smart home to protect the house from intruders equipped with smart gadgets. Nowadays, intruders often understand that the camera would be connected to a laptop/computer/tablet and can disconnect it to stop the system functioning. The customized hardware used in the system has Bluetooth and Wi-Fi capability, which allows placing the proposed system anywhere inside the smart home where Wi-Fi is available. Even in the case of power failure, the proposed system can still function if it is connected to a laptop/tablet with a hotspot internet connection. In addition, the customized hardware is covered by a plastic coating to protect it from the water inside the electricity conceal lines. As shown in Figure 3, the proposed system starts functioning when an intruder comes into the monitored area. The movement of an intruder is captured by a face detection module, as shown in Figure 4. The main function of the face detection module is to differentiate human objects from non-human objects. When any human action is detected, the camera is activated at a rate of 15 frames per second. After the initial frame has been captured, it is immediately sent to the house owner on a specialized mobile app. The video processing module continues to capture the rest of the frames at 45 frames per second for up to 40 seconds and stores them in mp4 video format. The captured 40 s mp4 video is then compressed to approximately 10 seconds of fast-forward format video. The reason behind converting and compressing the video from 15 frames per second to 45 frames per second is to enable the video to be received by a mobile phone with a slow internet connection. The compressed video is also sent to the homeowner. This step allows the house owners to make a rapid decision about whether to inform a neighbor or the police. The detailed technical properties of the core modules of the proposed system are explained in the following. 1. Functioning Module/Processing Module: Captures the presence of an intruder in the surveillance area as shown in Figure 3 at the rate of 15 frames per second. After detecting an intruder, the functioning module sends the captured frames to the identification module (M) for detection and intruder identification. 2. Identification Module: When an intruder enters the surveillance area, the identification module (M) detects the presence and identifies whether it is human or non-human by assessing various regions of the face of the captured intruder using the eye and face detection module (Me). The identification module (M) has four submodules, as shown in Figure 5. 1. Eye and Face Detection Module: Captures the face of the intruder by distinguishing between human and non-human objects. If an intruder has partially covered their face,  
Figure 4: Detailed workflow of the system. Figure 3: Projection area of the smart home anti-theft system. the module detects the brightest part of the intruder's face or the region of interest using the pixel processing module (Mp). Following this process, the eye and face detection module sends the captured images to the pixel processing module for further processing. 2. Pixel Processing Module: First, if the intruder has partially covered their face, this module detects the brightest region of the face such as the eyes, cheeks, or upper part of the head [28; 29]. Next, it detects the motion of the captured intruder using the motion detection module (Mm). This eliminates the risks of false alarms from photographs of humans printed on the walls, magazines or newspapers. 3.