# Communication Infrastructure Design for Reliable UAV Operations in Air Mobility Corridors
## 5 Conclusions  
This study introduced a systematic framework for designing reliable communication infrastructure to support UAV operations within structured UAM corridors. Recognizing the necessity of uninterrupted and redundant communication links for safe and coordinated UAV missions, four distinct deployment strategies for radio repeater stations were analyzed. Continuous-time Markov models were used to quantify communication availability and unavailability under varying traffic loads and station failure conditions.  
The analysis confirmed that increased redundancy, achieved through overlapping coverage and station duplication, substantially enhances communication reliability. Strategy 4, featuring complete duplication with full overlap, achieved near-perfect availability, while Strategy 3, based on alternating redundancy, demonstrated an optimal balance between infrastructure investment and performance. This makes Strategy 3 particularly suitable for urban applications that require high reliability with constrained resources.  
A practical application of the proposed framework was demonstrated through a case study in the Greenline district of Astana, Kazakhstan. The study area featured a hybrid UAV air corridor designed to support both infrastructure inspection and public safety monitoring. The zoning of the corridor into segments with differentiated reliability requirements enabled the effective allocation of communication resources. The deployment also integrated commercial-grade UAV platforms and repeater technologies, emphasizing the feasibility of real-world implementation.  
In addition to performance modeling and strategy assessment, a structured design methodology was outlined, suitable for both linear and non-linear air corridor geometries. This methodology facilitates adaptive deployment planning, taking into account urban complexity, environmental conditions, and operational priorities.  
The findings provide a foundational basis for developing scalable, resilient, and context-aware communication systems that not only enable safe UAV operations but also support smart city functions. Further research is recommended to incorporate dynamic traffic behavior, heterogeneous communication technologies, and large-scale experimental validation for enhanced applicability.  
Conceptualization, I.K.; methodology, I.K.; software, R.T. and G.T.; validation, D.I., T.S. and Z.S.; formal analysis, T.S. and Z.S.; investigation, I.K.; resources, D.I., R.T. and G.T.; data curation, D.I., R.T. and G.T.; writing--original draft preparation, I.K.; writing--review and editing, I.K., D.I., R.T., G.T., T.S. and Z.S.; visualization, I.K. and R.T.; supervision, I.K.; project administration, I.K.; funding acquisition, D.I. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
This research received no external funding.  
The original contributions presented in the study are included in the article, and further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding authors.  
Authors [PERSON], [PERSON], [PERSON], [PERSON], and [PERSON] were employed by the company Universal Tech Decisions. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as potential conflicts of interest.