## 3 Integrated Geophysical Exploration Techniques for Earth and Rock Dams
### Data Fusion Analysis System for GIS-Based Integrated Geophysical Exploration  
Through a large number of geophysical exploration examples, it is proven that the use of integrated geophysical exploration techniques for geophysical exploration is associated with a lower economic cost and a higher efficiency than the single geophysical exploration technology. Integrated geophysical exploration techniques have been widely used in geological hazards and water conservancy projects. However, in the processing and interpretation of physical exploration data, only a single physical parameter is employed. The advantages of integrated geophysical exploration techniques cannot be reflected when using a single method of analysis of the mapping results. Geographic Information System (GIS) is a computer-based technical system for comprehensive processing and spatial data analysis that developed rapidly in the 1960s [99]. GIS uses geological model analysis methods based on geospatial data to provide a variety of spatial and dynamic geological information for geological research and decision-making services. With the development of computer technology, GIS has produced great economic and social benefits in environmental protection, geophysical exploration, and natural disaster monitoring [100]. With the progress of computer technology, the GIS-based integrated geophysical exploration data fusion analysis system is further developed. In the data fusion and analysis system for GIS-based integrated geophysical exploration, the data processing system that comes with the GIS platform can be used to manage and analyze a variety of integrated geophysical exploration data. Exploration information of different physical parameters can be stored and analyzed through the GIS platform. The two-dimensional [99] and three-dimensional [100] modules of the GIS platform can help realize the display and integrated analysis of multiple geophysical exploration data. In terms of data output, the GIS platform supports various forms of image output, which can simultaneously output the exploration results of different geophysical exploration techniques into images. At the same time, it also has the function of mutual conversion of frequency domain and space domain of detection information. Its unique function of comprehensive spatial analysis of geophysical exploration data and geological data provides convenience for the development of integrated geophysical exploration [100]. [PERSON] et al. [101] standardized an attribute database for 20 geophysical exploration methods commonly used in geological hazard investigation. Based on the Arc View GIS 3.2 platform, a geophysical exploration data display module, a comprehensive geophysical exploration geological data interpretation module, and a physical prospecting attribute database management module were  
Figure 10: Process of integrated geophysical exploration techniques. developed. Finally, the software was tested and verified using the detection result data obtained from the gravity prospecting survey [101], which solved the technical problems in achieving a comprehensive display and interpretation of multiple geophysical exploration data in the construction of geological hazard exploration information technology projects. [PERSON] et al. [102] developed a powerful regional physical and chemical prospecting data processing system software based on the Arc GIS 9 Engine, which made up for the drawbacks of the GIS software in the data processing function for physical and chemical exploration. [PERSON] et al. [103] developed an automatic GIS multi-criteria analysis method, which simplifies the GIS-MCDA sensitivity modeling process and is capable of automatic standardization, grouping, weight coefficient assignment, and aggregation, and has a wide range of applications in sensitivity modeling. The GIS-integrated geophysical exploration data fusion analysis system still requires manual drawing of the anomalous areas in the detection result map and should be improved in terms of detection speed and early warning.