# Biomolecules from Microalgae and Cyanobacteria: Applications and Market Survey
## 2 Microalgae
### Properties, Taxonomy, and Habitats
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Phylum** & **Class** & **Pigments** & **Reserve** & **Flagellation** & **Reproduction** & **Cell Envelope** & **Habit** \\ \hline
**Haptophyta** & \begin{tabular}{c} Cocollithophyceaee \\ Pavlovophyceaee \\ Rappephyceae \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} Chl a, c, \(\beta\)-carot, \\ Pavlovophyceae \\ diadinoxanthin \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} Chrysolaminarin \\ Fuco-, Diato-, \\ Priorisfend{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} Two isokont \\ Flagella + \\ haptonema \\ \end{tabular} & \
\begin{tabular}{c} Zoospore, \\ statospore \\ the membrane \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} Less cellulose \\ with silicitation \\ Freshwater \\ Freshwater \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline
**Bacillariophyta** & \begin{tabular}{c} Bacillariophyceae \\ **(Diatoms)** \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} Becillariophyceaee \\ Bicallariophyceae \\ diadinoxanthin \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} Chl a, c, \(\beta\)-carot, \\ Fuco-, Diato-, \\ diadinoxanthin \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} Chrysolaminarin \\ Oil \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} Without \\ flagellum except \\ for male gametes \\ isogamy \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} Without \\ diatoms \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} Gilica + petic \\ compounds \\ \end{tabular} & \
\begin{tabular}{c} Silica + petic \\ compounds \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} Marine \\ Freshwater \\ Terrestrial \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline
**Crypophyta** & \begin{tabular}{c} Crypthycae \\ Crypthycae \\ Croco-, \\ Monado-xanthin \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} Chl a, c, \(\beta\)-carot, \\ Famin \\ Laminarin \\ Lipids \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} Two unequal \\ flagella except \\ for _Bjornipedia_ \\ and \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} Zoospores \\ and \\ _Tentagonifium_ \\ \end{tabular} & \
\begin{tabular}{c} Proteinaceous \\ peripheral \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} Marine \\ Freshwater \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline
**Heterokontophyta/** \\
**Ochrophyta** & \begin{tabular}{c} Phaeophyceae \\ Fuco-, \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} Chl a, c, \(\beta\)-carot, \\ violoxanthin \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} Mannitol \\ Laminarin \\ Limials \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} Two heterokont \\ flagella \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} Monospores, \\ tetraspaces, \\ anjanospores \\ \end{tabular} & \
\begin{tabular}{c} Cellulose + \\ alginic acid + \\ fucoidin \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} Marine \\ Freshwater \\ Terrestrial \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline
**Rhodophyta** & \begin{tabular}{c} Crypthyidophyceaee \\ Bangiophyceae \\ Florideophyceaeae \\ Bangiboyceae \\ Florideophyceaeae \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} APC, C-PC, \\ R-PC, B-PE, \\ R-P, \\ Phytochrome,a \\ and \(\beta\)carot, Chl \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} Starch, \\ Bridosidase, \\ mamployederate, \\ sulfated \\ polysaccharides \\ \end{tabular} & No flagella & \begin{tabular}{c} Oogamy \\ complex \\ \end{tabular} & \
\begin{tabular}{c} Carbohydrates \\ (cylose, cellulose, \\ galactane) \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} Marine \\ Freshwater \\ Terrestrial \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline
**Rhodophyta** & \begin{tabular}{c} Crypthyidophyceaee \\ Bangiophyceae \\ Florideophyceaeae \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} APC, C-PC, \\ R-PC, B-PE, \\ R-P, \\ Phytochrome,a \\ and \(\beta\)carot, Chl \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} APC, C-PC, \\ R-PC, B-PE, \\ Bariodiodside, \\ am and \(\beta\)carot, Chl \\ \end{tabular} & No flagella & \begin{tabular}{c} Oogamy \\ complex \\ polysaccharides \\ \end{tabular} & \
\begin{tabular}{c} Carbohydrates \\ (cylose, cellulose, \\ galactane) \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} Marine \\ Freshwater \\ Terrestrial \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Classification of microalgae and Cyanobacteria according to their phyla (based on data from [PERSON] et al. [47] and [[https://www.algeabase.org/](https://www.algeabase.org/)]([https://www.algeabase.org/](https://www.algeabase.org/)), accessed on 24 November 2020).