## 3 Results
### Subjective Cause Attribution  
A total of n = 1165 circumstances were registered for the occurrence of WMSDs. Specific movement execution was one of the most frequent causes among both men (22.4%) and women (17.2%) (Figure 5). There was a very small significant difference between the sexes (\(p\) = 0.041, r = 0.06). In second place for male DTs were both floor conditions (11.0%) and dance choreography (11.0%). These two circumstances were mentioned significantly less by the female DTs (floor: \(p\) = 0.002, \(\varphi\) = 0.09, choreography: \(p\) = 0.033, \(\varphi\) = 0.06). Women reported fatigue and overload (18.9%) as the most common cause. This circumstance was one of the largest sex-related differences (\(p\) < 0.001, \(\varphi\) = 0.16). In third place after specific movement execution, the women recorded stress in combination with expectations. There was no difference between women and men in this characteristic. The biggest sex difference was found for the role of the partner. This complaint was hardly relevant for female DTs (1.0%) and was reported significantly ((\(p\) < 0.001, \(\varphi\) = 0.19) more often by male DTs (8.0%). Other sex differences were seen in physical conditions (\(p\) = 0.002, \(\varphi\) = 0.09) and diet (\(p\) = 0.025, \(\varphi\) = 0.07). The dance style orientation showed no differences in the two most frequently mentioned causes of symptoms (specific movement execution and fatigue and overload states). In some other causal attributions, dance style-specific correlations could be found. Thus, the floor played a significantly more important role as a cause in classical dance than in the other two dance styles (p\({}_{\rm corr}\) = 0.001, V = 0.10). Footwear as a cause was mentioned significantly more often in classical dance (p\({}_{\rm corr}\) < 0.001) and significantly less often in contemporary dance (p\({}_{\rm corr}\) = 0.004), showing a small overall effect (V = 0.12). There was also a dance style-specific small correlation (V = 0.11) with stress in relation to expectations. Thus, the attributions were significantly lower in classical dance (p\({}_{\rm corr}\) = 0.004) and significantly higher in contemporary dance (p\({}_{\rm corr}\) < 0.001). Furthermore, in classical dance, the partner was registered as a significant (p\({}_{\rm corr}\) = 0.005, V = 0.09) cause. DTs in classical dance reported nutrition significantly more often (p\({}_{\rm corr}\) < 0.001, V = 0.10) as a cause than their colleagues in the other two dance styles. Similarly, drinking behaviour is mentioned significantly more  
Figure 4: Affected tissue by dance style. Note: The relative distributions (number of symptoms for the specific tissue in relation to the total number of symptoms) of WMSD (%) for the different tissue types among the three dance style categories: ballet, contemporary dance, and the combination of ballet and contemporary dance are illustrated. Significant differences are marked with an asterisk. often (p\({}_{\text{corr}}\) = 0.001) by DTs in classical dance and significantly less often (p\({}_{\text{corr}}\) < 0.001) by DTs with a dance style combination (V = 0.11). In the climate and lighting conditions, DTs from classical dance assumed a significant influencing factor (p\({}_{\text{corr}}\) = 0.007, V = 0.08). Props and equipment as influencing factors played a more significant role in contemporary dance (p\({}_{\text{corr}}\) < 0.001, V = 0.11) compared to the other two dance styles. For the other characteristics of cause attribution, no differences among dance styles could be found (Figure 6). Figure 5: Circumstances of WMSDs depending on the sex. Note: Shown are exogenous (on the left side) and endogenous (on the right side) factors as potential causes of WMSDs for men and women. Relative frequencies are based on the number of the specific factors in relation to the total number of all circumstances for the corresponding sex. Significant distribution differences are marked with an asterisk. Figure 6: Circumstances of WMSDs depending on the dance style.