# Remanufacturing Shoemaking Machine: Feasibility Study Using AHP and DEMATEL Approach
## 3 Methodology
### Limitation
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{p{142.3 pt} p{142.3 pt} p{142.3 pt}} \hline \hline
**Key Barriers** & **Content** & **References** \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{Market cannibalization} & Consumer preference for new products and the need for remanufactured goods to be demonstrably cheaper hinder their adoption. For remanufacturing to be truly sustainable, it must be both environmentally and economically sound, requiring enterprises to prioritize profitability throughout the process. & [36] \\ \cline{2-3}  & This study explores strategies to overcome challenges in selling remanufactured products. Targeting new market segments with lower price points, full warranties, and rebate systems is suggested. Developing new sales channels and strategic partnerships with receptive clients and public entities are also seen as crucial for success. & [37] \\ \cline{2-3}  & Remanufactured products challenge traditional demand management. Unlike products with distinct features, they compete directly with new versions, but are perceived as inferior. This “cannibalization” effect can lead to lost sales for both new and remanufactured goods. & [38] \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{Quality assurance} & This research proposes a blockchain-based certification tool to address consumer concerns about refurbished products. The tool provides transparent and traceable information on a product’s life cycle and components, along with verifiable certificates. This enhanced visibility and trust can promote a more widespread circular economy. & [39] \\ \cline{2-3}  & Consumer doubts about remanufactured product quality hinder market acceptance. Credible certifications set strict guidelines, mitigating these concerns and building trust, ultimately promoting wider adoption of remanufactured goods. & [40] \\ \cline{2-3}  & While remanufacturing offers a solution, consumer perception often views remanufactured products as inferior. The study explores the potential of a comprehensive, quality-focused labelling scheme for remanufactured products in Sweden to address the challenge and promote method adoption. & [41] \\ \hline End-user challenges & & \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{Price sensitivity} & This study examines optimal remanufacturing strategies for modular products. It considers offering new, partially remanufactured (combining new and used modules), and fully remanufactured products. The best strategy depends on production costs for remanufactured options and the prevalence of environmentally conscious consumers in the market. & [42] \\ \cline{2-3}  & The research focuses on optimizing pricing and remanufacturing decisions for manufacturers offering both new and remanufactured products, considering consumer perception of these products as distinct. The proposed model develops pricing strategies for both new and differentiated remanufactured products, addressing the challenge of demand cannibalization. & [43] \\ \cline{2-3}  & This study investigates optimal pricing for new and remanufactured products. Surprisingly, the research suggests that OEMs should raise prices on new products when remanufactured options enter the market. This strategy, based on a consumer preference model, can help mitigate lost sales (cannibalization) and potentially increase profits, even in competitive environments. & [44] \\ \cline{2-3}  & & \\ \cline{2-3}  & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: _Cont._Overcoming this limitation requires a collaborative effort from both OEMs and end users. OEMs must invest in developing robust remanufacturing processes and fostering trust in the quality of remanufactured machinery. Meanwhile, end users need to be open to adopting remanufactured options and incentivized through factors like cost savings and environmental benefits.