## 3 Results
### Data Synthesis  
Based on the findings in the publications from the past 10 years (2021-2011) (Figure 2), there were a high number of publications for the bioimpedance (n = 12) and laser scanning (n = 6) techniques compared to the other techniques, namely water displacement (n = 1), anthropometric measurement (n = 2), and optical scanning (n = 3). Also, there were no publications on the contact probe, SXCT, MRI, or ultrasound techniques for the past 10 years. According to the study by the authors, [PERSON] wrote a significant number of articles on bioimpedance techniques (10 out of 15 publications), even though laser scanning techniques garnered greater attention from different scholars. There were more scholarly publications, which increased the variety of study designs that were used in laser scanning techniques. In addition, from the analysis, the authors also discovered that the water displacement, anthropometric measurement, optical scanning, laser scanning, and bioimpedance techniques were still practical to use, as all the techniques were still being used by many researchers for the past three consecutive decades. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l} \hline
**Residual Limb Volume** & **Authors** \\
**Measuring Techniques** & **[PERSON] et al. (2016); [PERSON] (2017);** \\ Water Displacement & [PERSON] et al. (2011); [PERSON] et al. (2018); [PERSON] et al. (2019); [PERSON] (2019); [PERSON] (2018); [PERSON] et al. (2019) \\ \hline Anthropometric Measurement & [PERSON] et al. (2011); [PERSON] et al. (2018); [PERSON] (2018); [PERSON] et al. (2019); [PERSON] et al. (2019) \\ \hline Contact Probes & [PERSON] et al. (2018); [PERSON] et al. (2014); [PERSON] et al. (2015) \\ \hline Optical Scanning & [PERSON] (2016); [PERSON] et al. (2019); [PERSON] et al. (2019); [PERSON] and [PERSON] (2019); [PERSON] et al. (2019); [PERSON] and [PERSON] (2019); [PERSON] et al. (2019); [PERSON] et al. (2019); [PERSON] et al. (2019) \\ \hline Spiral X-Ray Computer & [PERSON] et al. (2019); [PERSON] et al. (2019) \\ Tomography (SXCT) & **Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)** & [PERSON] et al. (2011) \\ \hline Ultrasound & [PERSON] et al. (2012); [PERSON] et al. (2019) \\ \hline Laser Scanning & [PERSON] et al. (2013); [PERSON] et al. (2019); [PERSON] et al. (2019); [PERSON] et al. (2019); [PERSON] et al. (2019); [PERSON] et al. (2019); [PERSON] et al. (2019); [PERSON] et al. (2019); [PERSON] et al. (2019) \\ \hline Bioimpedance & [PERSON] et al. (2019); [PERSON] et al. (2019); [PERSON] et al. (2019); [PERSON] et al. (2019); [PERSON] et al. (2019); [PERSON] et al. (2019); [PERSON] et al. (2019); [PERSON] et al. (2019); [PERSON] et al. (2019) \\  & [PERSON] et al. (2019); [PERSON] et al. (2019); [PERSON] et al. (2019); [PERSON] et al. (2019); [PERSON] et al. (2019) \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Residual limb volume measuring techniques. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Study**} & \multicolumn{10}{c}{**Question Number**} & \multicolumn{10}{c}{*** Rating Score**} \\ \cline{2-13}  & **1** & **2** & **3** & **4** & **5** & **6** & **7** & **8** & **9** & **10** & **11** & **12** & **13** & \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [26] & \(\surd\) & X & X & X & \(\surd\) & X & X & X & X & \(\surd\) &? &? &? &? & 4.5 (c) \\ \hline [PERSON] [27] & \(\surd\) & X & X & X & \(\surd\) &? & X & \(\surd\) & X & \(\surd\) &? &? & X & 5.5 (b) \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [43] & \(\surd\) & X & X & \(\surd\) & X & X & X & X & \(\surd\) &? &? & X & 4 (c) \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [21] & \(\surd\) & \(\surd\) & X & X & \(\surd\) & \(\surd\) & \(\surd\) & \(\surd\) & \(\surd\) & \(\surd\) & \(\surd\) & \(\surd\) & 11 (a) \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [28] & \(\surd\) & X & X & \(\surd\) & \(\surd\) & X & X & \(\surd\) & \(\surd\) & \(\surd\) &? & X & 6.5 (b) \\ \[PERSON] et al. [44] & \(\surd\) & \(\surd\) & \(\surd\) & X & \(\surd\) & \(\surd\) & X & X & \(\surd\) &? & X & 6.5 (b) \\ \[PERSON] et al. [36] & \(\surd\) & \(\surd\) & X & X &? &? & \(\surd\) & \(\surd\) & X & \(\surd\) &?