## 3 Results and Discussion
### Evaluation of \(S_{\text{eff}}\) and Cloud Droplet Properties  
The cloud droplet concentration (\(N_{\text{CD}}\)) during the cloud-shrouded periods ranged from 1.6 to 389.1 cm\({}^{-3}\) (mean: 78.3 cm\({}^{-3}\)). By using Equation (7), the activation diameters (\(d_{\text{a, CD}}\)) under ambient \(SS\) conditions were calculated and they ranged from 31.6 to 379.6 nm. To estimate the \(SS_{\text{eff}}\) of the clouds observed at the MFRS, we used the regression curve of the relationship between mean \(d_{\text{a}}\) and SS obtained by the CCN measurements (Figure 5c):  
\[d_{\text{a,CD}}=46.32\times{SS_{\text{p}}}^{-0.65}. \tag{10}\] \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & & & \multicolumn{4}{c}{\(N_{\text{CCN}}\) (cm\({}^{-3}\))} \\ \cline{2-9}  & \(N\) & **25 th** & **Median** & **Mean** & **75 th** & **\(N\)** & **25 th** & **Median** & **Mean** & **75 th** \\ \hline
**Entire period** & 487 & 14.2 & 41.3 & 80.9 & 117.8 & 491 & 24.4 & 61.3 & 107.8 & 160.8 \\
**Continental** & 167 & 44.5 & 82.6 & 176.1 & 117.2 & 167 & 68.1 & 114.9 & 155.3 & 228.0 \\
**Pacific** & 179 & 7.6 & 12.8 & 22.4 & 24.8 & 184 & 14.1 & 22.9 & 34.0 & 39.4 \\
**Others** & 141 & 30.1 & 62.3 & 112.3 & 181.2 & 140 & 43.1 & 90.4 & 147.9 & 230.2 \\ \hline  & & & \multicolumn{4}{c}{\(N_{\text{CCN}}\) (cm\({}^{-3}\)) (0.36\% SS)} & & & \multicolumn{4}{c}{\(N_{\text{CCN}}\) (cm\({}^{-3}\)) (0.55\% SS)} \\ \cline{2-9}  & \(N\) & **25 th** & **Median** & **Mean** & **75 th** & **\(N\)** & **25 th** & **Median** & **Mean** & **75 th** \\ \hline
**Entire period** & 491 & 50.2 & 113.3 & 169.7 & 260.2 & 492 & 76.2 & 181.5 & 224.2 & 341.1 \\
**Continental** & 167 & 135.1 & 204.2 & 239.9 & 324.4 & 167 & 206.2 & 269.7 & 310.0 & 395.2 \\
**Pacific** & 185 & 27.9 & 46.2 & 64.4 & 73.3 & 185 & 37.8 & 64.6 & 92.5 & 103.0 \\
**Others** & 139 & 91.4 & 158.2 & 225.4 & 355.6 & 140 & 138.2 & 229.9 & 295.7 & 460.5 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: The 25 th percentile, median, mean and 75 th percentile values of \(N_{\text{CCN}}\) at each \(SS\). Number of data (\(N\)) for each air mass category is also indicated. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & & & & \multicolumn{4}{c}{\(N_{\text{CCN}}\) (cm\({}^{-3}\)) (0.16\% SS)} \\ \cline{2-9}  & \(N\) & **25 th** & **Median** & **Mean** & **75 th** & **\(N\)** & **25 th** & **Median** & **Mean** & **75 th** \\ \hline
**Entire period** & 487 & 14.2 & 41.3 & 80.9 & 117.8 & 491 & 24.4 & 61.3 & 107.8 & 160.8 \\
**Continental** & 167 & 44.5 & 82.6 & 176.1 & 117.2 & 167 & 68.1 & 114.9 & 155.3 & 228.0 \\
**Pacific** & 179 & 7.6 & 12.8 & 22.4 & 24.8 & 184 & 14.1 & 22.9 & 34.0 & 39.4 \\
**Others** & 141 & 30.1 & 62.3 & 112.3 & 181.2 & 140 & 43.1 & 90.4 & 147.9 & 230.2 \\ \hline  & & & \multicolumn{4}{c}{\(N_{\text{CCN}}\) (cm\({}^{-3}\)) (0.36\% SS)} & & & \multicolumn{4}{c}{\(N_{\text{CCN}}\) (cm\({}^{-3}\)) (0.55\% SS)} \\ \cline{2-9}  & \(N\) & **25 th** & **Median** & **Mean** & **75 th** & **\(N\)** & **25 th** & **Median** & **Mean** & **75 th** \\ \hline
**Entire period** & 491 & 50.2 & 113.3 & 169.7 & 260.2 & 492 & 76.2 & 181.5 & 224.2 & 341.1 \\
**Continental** & 167 & 135.1 & 204.2 & 239.9 & 324.4 & 167 & 206.2 & 269.7 & 310.0 & 395.2 \\
**Pacific** & 185 & 27.9 & 46.2 & 64.4 & 73.3 & 185 & 37.8 & 64.6 & 92.5 & 103.0 \\
**Others** & 139 & 91.4 & 158.2 & 225.4 & 355.6 & 140 & 138.2 & 229.9 & 295.7 & 460.5 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: The 25 th percentile, median, mean and 75 th percentile values of \(N_{\text{CNN}}\). Number of data (\(N\)) for each air mass category is also indicated. Figure 5: Relationship between water vapor supersaturation (%) and the median values of (**a**) number concentration of CCN (\(N_{\text{CCN}}\)) (**b**) activation ratio (\(N_{\text{CCN}}/N_{\text{CN}}\)) (**c**) activation diameter (\(d_{\text{a}}\)) and (**d**) hygroscopicity parameter (\(\kappa\)), classified according to air mass origins.