# An Eye-Tracking Study on Text Comprehension While Listening to Music: Preliminary Results
## 3 Results  
This section presents the results from the statistical analysis of the data obtained from the experiment regarding our hypotheses on visual patterns, reading performance, and reading attitudes. The mean values and the standard deviations of the examined variables, as well as the F-values and \(p\)-values of the ANOVA analyses, are presented in Table 2 below. For the visual patterns, ANOVA analysis results for the fixation duration (F(3,36) = 0.16, \(p\)-value = 0.924), fixations count (F(3,36) = 0.66, \(p\)-value = 0.585) and Kruskal-Wallis test for TTFF (X2(3) = 6.02, \(p\)-value = 0.110) and FFD (X2(3)= 3.60, \(p\)-value = 0.309) indicated, as shown in Figure 2, that there is no statistically significant difference in the variables' means across the four different study conditions. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Variable**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Measure (Unit)**} & **Preferred** & **Non-Preferred** & **Cafe** & **Silence** & **ANOVA** & **Kruskal–Wallis** \\  & & **(SD)** & **(SD)** & **(SD)** & **(SD)** & **(SD)** & **(SD)** \\ \hline \multirow{5}{*}{Visual patterns} & \multirow{5}{*}{Fixations Count} & 489.8 & 392.9 & 388.4 & 315.9 & 0.66 & \multirow{5}{*}{0.585} & \multirow{5}{*}{-} & \multirow{5}{*}{-} \\  & & (345.1) & (232.6) & (291.6) & (229.6) & (3.36) & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & & & & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & & & & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{5}{*}{Visual patterns} & \multirow{5}{*}{FTFF (ms)} & 156.2 & 160.9 & 155.6 & 153.4 & 0.16 & \multirow{5}{*}{-} & \multirow{5}{*}{-} \\  & & (24.5) & (26.4) & (24.2) & (24.9) & (3.36) & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & 489.8 & 392.9 & 388.4 & 315.9 & 0.66 & \multirow{5}{*}{0.585} & \multirow{5}{*}{-} \\  & & (345.1) & (232.6) & (291.6) & (229.6) & (3.36) & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & & & & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & & & & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & & & & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & & & & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & & & & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{5}{*}{Reading performance} & \multirow{5}{*}{Reading Comprehension (0–10 point scale)} & 220.9 & 170.5 & 189.6 & 154.4 & 2.25 & \multirow{5}{*}{0.099} & \multirow{5}{*}{-} & \multirow{5}{*}{-} \\  & & (79.0) & (46.8) & (49.5) & (60.5) & (3.36) & & \\ \hline \multirow{5}{*}{Reading Attitudes} & \multirow{5}{*}{Perceived Difficulty (0–4 point scale)} & 2.0 & 2.9 & 2.4 & 1.8 & \multirow{5}{*}{-} & \multirow{5}{*}{-} & \multirow{5}{*}{-} \\  & & (0.5) & (0.3) & (0.5) & (0.4) & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & & & & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & & & & & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & & & & & \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Mean values for visual patterns, reading performance, and reading attitudes across preferred music, non-preferred music, cafe noise, and silence conditions. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Variable**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Measure (Unit)**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Preferred Music**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Non-Preferred Music**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Café Noise**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Silence**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**ANOVA**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Kruskal–Wallis**} \\  & & **(SD)** & & **(SD)** & & & & & \\ \hline  & & & & & & & & & \\ \hline  & & & & & & & & & & \\ \hline  & Perceived & & & & & & & & & \\  & Confidence & 3.7 & 2.3 & 2.8 & 3.9 & - & - & 27.62 & 0.000 * \\  & (0–4 point scale) & (0.5) & (0.7) & (0.4) & (0.3) & - & - & (3) & 0.000 * \\ \cline{2-10} Reading & Perceived Fatigue & 1.7 & 2.3 & 1.6 & 1.6 & - & - & 8.80 & 0.032 * \\ (0–4 point scale) & (0.7) & (0.5) & (0.5) & (0.5) & (0.5) & - & - & (3) & 0.000 * \\ \cline{2-10}  & Perceived & 2.2 & 1.2 & 1.8 & 2.2 & - & - & 21.00 & 0.000 * \\  & Immersion & (0–4 point scale) & (0.3) & (0.2) & (0.5) & (0.4) & - & - & (3) & 0.000 * \\ \hline  & & & & & & & & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}  
* \(p\leq 0.05\).  
\end{table} 
Table 2: _Cont._  
Figure 2: Mean measures for visual patterns during the four reading conditions.