## 5 Discussion
### Development of Intelligent Identification Devices  
To apply the model for identifying gray brick damage in actual scenarios, this research team designed and developed an integrated intelligent detection device, as shown in Figure 15. The device consists of a portable box that serves as the basic unit and integrates essential components, including a high-resolution display, a camera with pan/tilt functionality, a keyboard and mouse input system, and a compartment for storing the charging cable. It has good structural compactness and functional integrity. The box is made of sturdy, shockproof materials and has a precision-structured nested module to fix various electronic components, effectively ensuring stability and durability during transportation and outdoor use. The overall size of the device is about 55 cm \(\times\) 35 cm \(\times\) 25 cm, and the weight is controlled within 8 kg. It is equipped with a retractable pull rod and roller casters, which make it easy to drag like a suitcase, significantly improving the convenience and maneuverability of field operations.  
During the specific research and development process, the team deployed the optimal model (Model 3), trained based on the YOLOv8 structure on an industrial-grade notebook system with independent image recognition and reasoning capabilities, and integrated it into the device. The camera module supports a maximum resolution of 4K and multi-angle adjustment, which can meet the acquisition requirements of different heights and different brick wall surface conditions. With the built-in light adaptation algorithm, it can also work stably under different lighting conditions. Users can quickly operate the detection process through touch or keyboard. The system supports core functions such as real-time image upload and analysis, heatmap display, damage-type annotation, and damage quantity statistics. It also supports saving results for subsequent data analysis or maintenance record archiving.  
The device has many advantages, as follows: (1) As a device customized for the maintenance needs of professional historical buildings, it is highly scalable. Based on its ability to identify current blue brick damage, it can also add features like 3D reconstruction, scoring of damage levels, and comparing historical images to handle a wider range of project needs. (2) Its portable design makes it particularly suitable for long-term outdoor inspection tasks, without being restricted by site and power supply, and is particularly suitable for field inspections in narrow spaces and complex facade environments in old city streets and alleys. (3) The selection of equipment hardware considers both performance and cost. Large-scale production will greatly reduce its overall cost, thereby laying the foundation for the popularization and promotion of technology. (4) The deployment and use of the equipment provide a realistic path for the routine physical examination mechanism of gray brick materials in historical buildings. It is expected to become an important tool for daily inspections, pre-restoration surveys, and cultural relic disease monitoring in Macau and other southern world heritage areas, providing scientific support for heritage protection decisions.