## 1 Introduction  
Common prosperity in China refers to a balanced distribution of income and wealth without severe polarization. This principle has been a cornerstone of governance since the establishment of the People's Republic of China. Initially introduced by Chairman [PERSON] in 1953 [1], the concept was characterized by an emphasis on equality, which unfortunately led to the exclusion of private ownership and market mechanisms, stifling economic efficiency. Post-1978 economic reforms under [PERSON] revived the goal, advocating a sequential prosperity wherein certain regions and groups would prosper first, thereby uplifting others. However, [PERSON] also emphasized that the policy would fail if it ultimately led to polarization. China has implemented various strategies to promote common prosperity. For example, China implemented a poverty alleviation program aimed at lifting approximately 50 million people out of absolute poverty from 2015 to 2020 [2]. Despite these efforts, substantial income disparities persist. As shown in Figure 1, the Gini coefficient for per capita disposable income, a measure of income inequality, rose from 0.479 in 2003 to a peak of 0.491 in 2008 and has since remained above the critical threshold of 0.46, surpassing the international warning line of 0.4. Some studies also have shown that China's wealth gap widened significantly from 2002 to 2013 and continued to grow, albeit at a slower pace, from 2013 to 2018 [3, 4]. From the comparison of the Gini coefficient between China and other countries, the level of inequality in China is at a moderate level among developing countries, but more severe than most developed countries(Figure 2). With rising living standards, the Chinese populace's tolerance for inequality has diminished, elevating the discourse on fairness and increasingly prioritizing the objective of common prosperity. Notably, President [PERSON]'s frequent references to common prosperity, which surged to 65 mentions in the first half of 2021 from 30 in the entire year of 2020, underscores the renewed focus on this goal [5]. What underpins public opinion regarding China's goal of common prosperity? Is this initiative widely supported by the majority, or is it endorsed only by a select few? How does the public feel about this ambition? Are they confident in its realization, or do they regard it as an unattainable dream? Which strategies do the Chinese public favor for achieving common prosperity, and in which areas do they most wish to see changes to overcome the current barriers to this goal? The responses to these questions are pivotal, as they reveal the degree of alignment or division between the Chinese government and its  
Figure 1: China’s Gini Coefficient for per capita disposable income (2003–2022). Data source: the official website of the National Bureau of Statistics of China. Figure 2: Gini coefficients of different countries from 2000 to 2023 (unit: %; some of the data for certain years are incomplete). Data source: the official website of the World Bank. citizens, and will also shape the government's future policy trajectory. Given that China identifies as a socialist country, the pursuit of common prosperity naturally raises concerns among some people. Will China maintain a market economy that favors capital, or will it shift towards wealth redistribution to aid the poor at the expense of the rich? Is there a risk that these efforts could catalyze a populist movement driven by wealth redistribution? Understanding these viewpoints is critical, as they will directly guide the strategic decisions and implementations that determine China's future. How can we effectively gauge the attitudes and emotions of the Chinese public towards common prosperity? Sina Weibo, a prominent social media platform in China, serves as a critical conduit for this purpose, boasting over a billion total users and 258 million daily active users. It provides a comprehensive view of public opinion, reflecting a wide array of perspectives on common prosperity.