## 3 Results and Discussion  
The performance of an electrocataly with loading 80% MnO2 utilized in the cathode, was evaluated to determine its electrocatalytic activity towards the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in a solution of 3.5% NaCl. This evaluation was conducted under room temperature conditions using CV measurements, with the solution saturated alternately with nitrogen and oxygen. The cyclic voltammogram revealed a significant peak indicative of oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity in an oxygen-saturated solution, occurring at \(-\)0.427 V vs. Ag/AgCl, which is depicted as a solid line in Figure 1. In contrast, the voltammogram obtained from the nitrogen-saturated solution exhibited a flat characteristic, suggesting the absence of ORR under these conditions. Consequently, the use of an electrocatalyst containing 80% MnO2 is validated for further investigation of battery performance, highlighting its effectiveness in facilitating ORR in environments saturated with oxygen. Pure aluminum and the aluminum alloy 6061 have been chosen as the materials for the anode. SEM images and the EDX mapping of their surfaces are presented in Figure 2. The analysis reveals that the predominant element in pure aluminum is aluminum itself, with trace elements not detected by EDX. The aluminum alloy 6061 is composed of 96% aluminum, 2% magnesium, 1% silica, and trace elements that are not identified by EDX. The elemental compositions of both pure aluminum and the aluminum alloy 6061 meet the product specifications described in Table 1.  
Figure 1: Voltammograms of CV for MnO2-acetylene black = 4:1 electrocataly in nitrogen-saturated (dashed line) and oxygen-saturated (solid line) 3.5% NaCl solution at a scan rate of 10 mV.s\({}^{-1}\). The SEM images and EDX analysis of the cross-sectional areas of pure aluminum and the 6061 aluminum alloy are presented in Figure 3. The cross-sectional structure is notably consistent across both the anode surfaces of pure aluminum and the aluminum alloy 6061. Furthermore, there is no evidence of film formation or any other type of separation on the anode surfaces that could be attributed to oxide formation. The elemental composition revealed by the EDX mapping in the cross-sectional areas aligns with the product specifications, despite a minor increase in the formation of oxides. The discharge performance of batteries using anodes made from pure aluminum and the 6061 aluminum alloy was evaluated via constant current discharge tests at 2 mA cm\({}^{-2}\) in a solution of 3.5% NaCl, as illustrated in Figure 3(a). The findings reveal that anodes made of pure aluminum exhibit a shorter discharge time compared to those made from the 6061 aluminum alloy. Specifically, Figure 3(a) shows that for pure aluminum anodes, the discharge performance is maintained. In contrast, the 6061 aluminum alloy demonstrated stable discharge performance, maintaining a relatively constant voltage of 0.55 V for 49 h, as shown in Figure 3(b). The use of the 6061 aluminum alloy as an anode material resulted in an increase in discharge energy compared to pure aluminum anodes. The presence of elements such as magnesium and silica in the 6061 aluminum alloy could contribute to its improved mechanical strength and corrosion resistance. Further investigations of the passivation and corrosion resistance properties of each anode material were conducted using linear polarization techniques. Figure 2: SEM images and EDX mapping at the surface of the anode: (**a**) pure aluminum and (**b**) aluminum alloy 6061. Figure 4: Discharge behavior of Al–air battery using **(a)** pure aluminum and **(b)** aluminum alloy 6061 at current densities of 2 mA cm\({}^{-2}\). Figure 3: SEM images and EDX mapping at the cross section surface of the anode: **(a)** pure aluminum and **(b)** aluminum Alloy 6061. The impact of zinc coating on pure aluminum and the aluminum alloy 6061, applied via the electrodeposition method for use as an anode in Al-air batteries, is also investigated.