esa-sceva/satcom-chunk-collection huggingface dataset:
_Int. J. Mol. Sci._**2015**, _16_, 23651-23667; doi:10.3390/ijms161023651  
International Journal of  
Molecular Sciences  
**ISSN 1422-0067**  
www.mdpi.com/journal/ijms  
_Review_  
**Long Non-Coding RNAs as Master Regulators in Cardiovascular Diseases**  
**[PERSON] 1, [PERSON] 2, [PERSON] 2, [PERSON] 2, [PERSON] 1, [PERSON] 1,2, [PERSON] 2 and [PERSON] 2,3,***  
1 Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; E-Mails: [PERSON]ADDRESS] (K.A.); [PERSON]ADDRESS] (A.D.); [PERSON]ADDRESS] (Y.T.)
2 Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; E-Mails: [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Z.B.); [PERSON]DDRESS] (A.S.B.); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (J.-p.T.); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (H.S.)
3 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: [EMAIL_ADDRESS]; Tel.: +1-706-721-9414; Fax: +1-706-721-9799.  
Academic Editor: [PERSON]  
_Received: 25 August 2015 / Accepted: 28 September 2015 / Published: 5 October 2015_  
**Abstract:** Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the United States, accounting for nearly one in every seven deaths. Over the last decade, various targeted therapeutics have been introduced, but there has been no corresponding improvement in patient survival. Since the mortality rate of cardiovascular disease has not been significantly decreased, efforts have been made to understand the link between heart disease and novel therapeutic targets such as non-coding RNAs. Among multiple non-coding RNAs, long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) has emerged as a novel therapeutic in cardiovascular medicine.lncRNAs are endogenous RNAs that contain over 200 nucleotides and regulate gene expression. Recent studies suggest critical roles of lncRNAs in modulating the initiation and progression of cardiovascular diseases. For example, aberrant lncRNA expression has been associated with the pathogenesis of ischemic heart failure. In this article, we present a synopsis of recent discoveries that link the roles and molecular interactions of lncRNAs to cardiovascular diseases. Moreover, we describe the prevalence of circulating lncRNAs and assess their potential utilities as biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis of heart disease.  
**Keywords:** chromatin; epigenetic regulation; gene regulation; heart disease; non-coding RNAs
## 4 Discussion and Conclusions
[68], studying the spatial pattern of dust storms in Iran, showed that the main source of dust is in southern and south-eastern parts of Iran, while [PERSON] et al. [69] identified the Arabian deserts and the country of Afghanistan as external dust sources into Iran. The dust phenomena in Iran, especially in the Central Plateau, is very important for its ecological, economic, and health impacts. The identification of dust sources and planning for their management is of particular importance. Additionally, for the cases analyzed in this study, we identified the Arabian deserts in Saudi Arabia as external dust sources. This illustrates that dust is an international phenomenon and requires international interactions to manage it. **Author Contributions:** Conceptualization, T.M. and A.S.; methodology, F.S.S. ; software, S.K. ; validation, A.R., M.M.M. and formal analysis, F.S.S. ; investigation, T.M. ; resources, G.Z. ; data curation, A.R. ; writing--original draft preparation, F.S.S. ; writing--review and editing, N.Y.K. and M.M.M. ; supervision, T.M. and A.S. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. **Funding:** This research received no external funding. **Acknowledgments:** We thank the personnel of the University of Tehran and the Iranian Meteorological Organization. The authors gratefully acknowledge the NOAA Air Resources Laboratory (ARL) for the provision of the HYSPLIT transport and dispersion model and READY website ([[http://www.ready.noaa.gov](http://www.ready.noaa.gov)]([http://www.ready.noaa.gov](http://www.ready.noaa.gov))) used in this publication. **Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest.
## 7 Discussion and Results of FE Simulation
### Hysterias Curve of FE Models  
Figure 13 shows the hysteresis curves of the FE models. The results indicate that connecting the cross_flexural plate led to the most effective behavior of the damper, increasing the ultimate strength and reducing the ultimate displacement for models with a stocky and moderate plate (\(\lambda>1.4\sqrt{K}\)). In dampers with slender plates, \(\lambda>1.4\sqrt{K}\), connecting the cross_flexural plate prevented fracture of the damper in the elastic zone. Moreover, it  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Model** & \(b\) **(mm)** & \(t\) **(mm)** & \(h\) **(mm)** & \(n\) & \(b_{f}\) **(mm)** & \(b\)/\(h\) & \(1.12\sqrt{K}\) & \(\lambda\) & \(1.4\sqrt{K}\) &
\begin{tabular}{c} **Buckling** \\ **Type** \\ \end{tabular} & **Mechanism** \\ \hline M\_E & 220 & 1 & 260 & 12 & — & 0.85 & 3.13 & 7.62 & 3.92 & Elastic & Flexural \\ M\_I & 220 & 2 & 260 & 6 & — & 0.85 & 3.13 & 3.81 & 3.92 & Inelastic & Flexural \\ M\_P & 220 & 3 & 260 & 4 & — & 0.85 & 3.13 & 2.54 & 3.92 & Plastic & Flexural \\ M\_P\_St & 220 & 1 & 220 & 12 & 70 & 1.00 & 3.42 & 7.62 & 4.28 & Elastic & Flexural \\ M\_I\_St & 220 & 1.5 & 220 & 8 & 70 & 1.00 & 3.42 & 5.08 & 4.28 & Inelastic & Flexural \\ M\_E\_St & 220 & 3 & 220 & 4 & 70 & 1.00 & 3.42 & 2.54 & 4.28 & Plastic & Flexural \\ S\_P\_St & 220 & 1 & 120 & 12 & 70 & 1.83 & 4.86 & 7.62 & 6.07 & Elastic & Shear_Flexural \\ S\_I\_St & 220 & 1.5 & 120 & 8 & 70 & 1.83 & 4.86 & 5.08 & 6.07 & Inelastic & Shear_Flexural \\ S\_E\_St & 220 & 3 & 120 & 4 & 70 & 1.83 & 4.86 & 2.54 & 6.07 & Plastic & Shear_Flexural \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 3: FE models properties.  
improved ultimate strength, stiffness, and energy dissipation. Therefore, slender plates can be used as seismic dampers only when connected to cross_flexural plates. In this state, the cross_flexural plate plays an important role in improving the behavior of the damper.
# A General Calibration Method for Dual-PTZ Cameras Based on Feedback Parameters
## 3 The Dual-PTZ Camera Model
### Extrinsic Parameter Variation Model and Meaning  
In Figure 3, \(p_{w}\) is the coordinate of an object in the world coordinate system, \(p_{l}\) and \(p_{r}\) are the coordinates of \(p_{w}\) in the left and right camera coordinate systems after imaging through optical center. Taking the variations in extrinsic parameters caused by horizontal rotation and zoom as an example, the optical center moves from the initial position \(o_{1}\) to position \(o_{2}\).  
In the initial position, \(o_{1}\), the extrinsic parameters between the left and right cameras can be described as follows: via rotation matrix \(\mathbf{R}_{l}\),\(\mathbf{R}_{r}\) and translation vectors \(\mathbf{T}_{l}\),\(\mathbf{T}_{r}\), we can get \(p_{l}\) and \(p_{r}\), the transformation process can be expressed as:  
\[\begin{array}{l}p_{l}=\mathbf{R}_{l}p_{w}+\mathbf{T}_{l}\\ p_{r}=\mathbf{R}_{r}p_{w}+\mathbf{T}_{r}\end{array} \tag{1}\]  
From Expression (1), we can obtain to following:  
\[p_{r}=\mathbf{R}_{r}\mathbf{R}_{l}^{-1}p_{l}+\mathbf{T}_{r}-\mathbf{R}_{r} \mathbf{R}_{l}^{-1}\mathbf{T}_{l} \tag{2}\]  
Figure 3: Schematic diagram of extrinsic parameter variations caused by camera rotation and zoom. Through the rotation and zoom, the optical centers move from the initial position, \(o_{1}\), to position \(o_{2}\).  
According to the definition, the rotation matrix between the cameras is \(\mathbf{R}_{0}^{l-r}=\mathbf{R}_{r}\mathbf{R}_{l}^{-1}\), and the translation vector is \(\mathbf{T}_{0}^{l-r}=\mathbf{T}_{r}-\mathbf{R}_{r}\mathbf{R}_{l}^{-1}\mathbf{T }_{l}\), which can be easily obtained with [PERSON]'s calibration method.  
From Expression (2), we know that the rotation matrix (\(\mathbf{R}^{l-r}\)) also represents the rotation transformation from point \(p_{l}\) in the left camera coordinate to point \(p_{r}\) in the right camera coordinate. This can also be explained as a transformation from the right camera coordinate system to the left camera coordinate system. The translation vector, \(\mathbf{T}^{l-r}\), describes the translation vector from the right camera's optical center to the left camera's optical center in the right camera coordinate system, \(O^{r}-xyz\). When the optical center reaches position \(o_{2}\), the derivation of the camera's extrinsic parameters can be derived from the above relationships as well.
## 4 Development of Decision-Making Support Method  
### Overview  
Based on the analysis of average complaint processing times by type, location, and required time intervals, this section proposes a method for prioritizing complaint processing. This study employs a data clustering technique, specifically the density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise (DBSCAN) [9] method, to organize and analyze the complaint data. The DBSCAN algorithm is a non-parametric technique for clustering spatial data with noise. The algorithm detects clusters of data points that are closely grouped together, using a predefined number of neighboring points. It also identifies any data points that are significantly different from the rest and located in locations with low density. This clustering approach is capable of effectively handling clusters with different forms and noise, unlike other methods such as K-means [13] and hierarchical clustering, which are more suitable for compact and well-separated spherical clusters. DBSCAN relies on two main parameters, including (1) neighborhood radius: a small value classifies more outliers, while a large value merges clusters; and (2) a minimum number of points within the neighborhood radius to form a cluster: at least one more than the number of dimensions in the dataset with a minimum dimension of 3. By subdividing the entire set of complaint processing times using the suggested methods, we constructed the dataset, applied the DBSCAN technique, and identified clusters with optimal priority. Initially, this study categorized the road type among complaint locations more finely, as road-related complaints constitute the majority of cases, approximately 81%. The characteristics of each sub-category within the road types are markedly distinct. As shown in Table 1, the current road type sub-categories include highways, general national roads, local roads, urban road, residential roads, residential streets, pedestrian roads, unclassified roads, farm/forest roads, and service roads. When prioritizing complaint processing within these sub-categories, issues arise, such as complaints concerning potholes on highways and service roads potentially being assigned the same priority. To preemptively address these potential discrepancies, we refined the subdivision of road types among complaint locations. Other location types, such as areas around buildings, neighborhood facilities, social
## 2 The Basic Theory
### Rolling Bearing Force Model  
In the process of rotation, the varying compliance vibration is caused by rolling bearing stiffness changing periodically. Based on the Hertzian contact theory [15], the supporting forces are given as:  
\[\left\{\begin{array}{l}F_{bx}=\sum\limits_{i=1}^{n}{C_{b}}[(x\cos\theta_{i}+ y\sin\theta_{i})\cos\alpha-\mu]^{3/2}\\ \cdot H[(x\cos\theta_{i}+y\sin\theta_{i})\cos\alpha-\mu]\cos\theta_{i}\\ F_{by}=\sum\limits_{i=1}^{n}{C_{b}}[(x\cos\theta_{i}+y\sin\theta_{i})\cos \alpha-\mu]^{3/2}\\ \cdot H[(x\cos\theta_{i}+y\sin\theta_{i})\cos\alpha-\mu]\sin\theta_{i}\\ \theta_{i}=\frac{2\pi}{n}(i-1)+\omega_{\mathrm{\textit{c}}age}t,\;\omega_{ \mathrm{\textit{c}}age}=(\frac{R_{i}}{R_{i}+R_{\mathrm{\textit{s}}}})\omega \end{array}\right., \tag{15}\]In the formula, \(F_{bx}\), \(F_{hy}\) are supported forces of rolling bearing in the \(X\) and \(Y\) directions respectively, \(C_{b}\) is the Hertz contact stiffness, \(n\) is the number of rolling element, \(\alpha\) is contact angle of rolling bearing, \(\theta_{i}\) is the position angle of the \(i\)th ball, \(\omega_{\text{cage}}\) is the angular velocity of the cage, \(R_{i}\), \(R_{o}\) are the radius of the inner and outer ring raceway respectively, \(\mu\) is the bearing clearance, \(H\) is the heaviside function.
# Repair Performance of Self-Healing Microcapsule/Epoxy Resin Insulating Composite to Physical Damage
## Materials and Methods
### Methods
#### 2.2.2 Electrical Damage Test  
The self-healing ability of composite to electrical damage was verified by electrical tree. The needle-plate electrode system was used to initiate electrical tree. The needle electrode was inserted into the sample during the preparation process, while the curvature radius of the needle tip was 5 \(\upmu\)m. The plate electrode was contacted the sample through conductive adhesive, and the distance between electrodes was 3 mm. Moreover, the sample was immersed in transformer oil to prevent the surface flashover. In the experiment, using the pressure platform in Section 2.2.1, the AC voltage of 10 kV/50 Hz was applied for 60 min at room temperature. The morphological characteristic of electrical tree was observed by OM.
## 2 Materials and Methods  
### High-Power Target System Development  
The high-power target system is the main device for medical isotope production. It must meet two requirements: (1) the target is sufficiently cooled to prevent overheating and melting, which could lead to vacuum device damage and radiation leakage; (2) target processing must be handled remotely due to high residual dose rate from the target and other surrounding components [12]. A prototype of the high-power target system was developed for \({}^{99}\)Tc production based on the IMP superconducting proton linac, as shown in Figure 1. The system provides a 24 MeV and 500 uA proton beam for continuous irradiation of a highly enriched \({}^{100}\)Mo target. The target system consists of three subsystems:  
1. Vacuum system: The vacuum system is mainly composed of a vacuum chamber made of SS316L and a Leybold turbomolecular pump unit. Ten different flange interfaces are reserved for beam diagnostics and vacuum control elements. A high-fluorine rubber ring seal is used between the target and the chamber. Considering the connection to the front-end superconducting linear accelerator, the ultimate vacuum of the chamber should reach a value of 1 mPa (~7.5 nTorr), and the leak rate lower than \(10^{-10}\) mbar\(\cdot\)L/s. The leak rate of the system is tested to be less than \(10^{-12}\) mbar\(\cdot\)L/s in the atmosphere and the ultimate pressure drops significantly faster, reaching 1 mPa (~7.5 nTorr) within 24 h after baking, both lower than the design parameters [13].
2. Target and cooling system: The target is composed of a substrate made of oxygen-free copper for its high thermal conductivity, and an enriched \({}^{100}\)Mo coating. The upper part of the substrate features six cooling fins inside to improve heat dissipation, as shown in Figure 2. The system can meet the target cooling requirement given a continuous irradiation with a 12 kW proton beam as per theoretical calculation with a one-dimensional heat equation and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation [13].  
3. Driving and autocontrol system: Mechanical components and electrical actuators are coordinated to realize the functions of manipulator driving, target locking, and safety interlock. The feedback and control of the system are realized through programmable logic controller (PLC) programming with Siemens S7-1200 controllers. The system has two controlling modes. The manual mode is used in offline tests, while the remote (automatic) mode is used during the online experiment to ensure personnel safety.  
The geometric model constructed in the following simulation is based on the as-built target system to ensure the evaluation accuracy of the dose equivalent rate distributions  
Figure 1: High-power target system developed by Lanzhou University.  
Figure 2: Inside view of the upper part of the target substrate, showing the six cooling fins.  
and residual activation. A partial shielding cover is designed and manufactured for the protection of stepper motors from prompt radiation, which is detailed in Section 3.4.
# Satellite Monitoring of Italian Vineyards and Spatio-Temporal Variability Assessment
## 4 Discussion  
The main outcomes are discussed in the following paragraphs. The first two subsections introduce the monitoring techniques performed in this research work, describing the detectable preliminary results across the three approaches. After that, the discussion focused on the evaluation of spatial variability, and each paragraph debated a specific topic connected to the three questions investigated in this paper.
# Energy Consumption Framework and Analysis of Post-Quantum Key-Generation on Embedded Devices
## 6 Conclusions
### Recommendations  
This paper experimentally analysed the energy characteristics of classical versus PQC key generation and evaluated the results obtained in this area. The author recommends that classical key generation techniques should no longer be considered for new implementations, as the energy efficiency results are clear. Non quantum-safe methods should be phased out of existing applications and deployments as feasible, especially given that the post-quantum alternatives were shown to match or exceed the energy efficiency performance in the tested environment--by significant margins in many instances. This becomes particularly apparent as security levels rise, as illustrated in Figure 4. Given that energy consumption directly translates to operational cost, it is crucial that, alongside the selection of a cryptography algorithm to meet the required protection level, equal consideration is given to energy optimisation. This approach can saves resource by minimising both the financial burden of energy used and the indirect environmental costs of additional cooling controls.
## 4 Experimental Validation and Parametric Study
### Experimental Results and Validation  
The fabricated mock circulatory platform can reproduce ventricular pressure waveforms and aortic pressure waveforms very similar to the Wiggers diagram, like the simulation model. Figure 8a shows  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**Comparison Factor** & **4-Element Windkessel Model** & **Mock Circulatory Platform** \\ \hline Control of individual component & No & Yes \\ Measurement of individual component & No & Yes \\ Delay after ventricle pressure & No & Yes \\ Dicrotic notch & Yes & No \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 4: Comparison of the mock circulatory platform and the 4-elements windkessel model.  
Figure 7: Parametric study of the mock circulatory platform simulation model: (**a**) simulated ventricular and aortic pressure waveforms; (**b**) normalized aortic pressure according to various peripheral resistance; (**c**) normalized aortic pressure according to various aortic compliance.  
the input volume waveform of the ventricular pump. In the early systolic period, it is compressed with a biased sine wave, and in the late diastolic period, it expands with constant velocity. Systolic is 30% of the total cycle period. Figure 8b shows the pressure waveforms measured from the fabricated mock circulatory platform. It can be seen that this matches well with the Wiggers diagram, a human standard blood pressure waveform of Figure 1a. The angle of the resistance valve knob is 45 degrees, and the compliance chamber is in the state where no additional pressure is applied. These blood pressure waveforms and parameter conditions are used as a control for parameter studies through experiments. Figure 8c shows a ventricular pressure \(\times\) 10--volume loop of the fabricated mock circulatory platform. This is similar to the pressure \(\times\) 10--volume loop calculated from the Wiggers diagram of Figure 1b.  
However, most of the aorta are made of acrylic for parameter control in the mock circulatory platform of this study. Therefore, the dicrotic notch is very small in the aortic pressure waveform because the overall compliance is very small compared to the human body. In addition, the dicrotic notch is covered because it is generated at the same time as the valve closing noise, and is rarely observed since it is removed together with the valve closing noise by a low pass filter. Moreover, since the ventricular pump is made of rigid acrylic, unlike the human body with high compliance, the stroke volume required for blood pressure generation is small, and isovolumic compression and relaxation are impossible.  
Figure 8: Baseline experiment result: (**a**) volume waveform; (**b**) pressure waveforms; (**c**) ventricular pressure \(\times\) 10—volume loop of mock circulatory platform.
# Physical Layer Definition for a Long-Haul HF Antarctica to Spain Radio Link
## 5 Physical Layer Proposal
### Frame Structure
#### 5.3.3 Nighttime  
The High Throughput Mode (HTM) is defined at night because it exhibits the best performance in terms of SNR and availability. The modulation schemes that present the best trade-off between bitrate against BER are SC-FDE and the clipped version of SC-FDMA. These schemes outperform the OFDM studied previously in [9]. SC-FDE and the clipped version of SC-FDMA tested in [10; 18] present similar results in terms of bitrate and BER. However, the computational cost of SC-FDMA is higher than SC-FDE due to the extra FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) and the IFFT (Inverse Fast Fourier Transform) required in both the transmitter and the receiver of SC-FDMA. For this reason, the proposed modulation scheme for high throughput mode is SC-FDE.  
The chosen configuration fits Figure 12d. Each frame contains a synchronization triplet of PN m-sequences of 255 chips with an upfactor of 6 samples/chip, using 16.6 kHz of bandwidth. An equalization sequence of 50 ms is included every 265 ms, _i.e._, the equalization sequence is followed of 4 data blocks. Every data block contains 20 PSK symbols. Both equalization and data blocks contain a Cyclic Prefix (CP) of 3 ms. This configuration lets us obtain a bitrate of 289.357 bps allowing us to transmit 1.0417 Mb in an hour, taking into account the synchronization, equalization and CP intervals.
# Reduced Overhead Routing in Short-Range Low-Power and Lossy Wireless Networks +
## 5 Performance Evaluation
### ERPL's P2P Routing and Data Forwarding Performance Evaluation
#### 5.1.1 Random Topology Results
Average MP2P and P2 MP route length is usually shorter in case the gateway is at the center of the network, thus showing better performance. However, shorter MP2P and P2 MP paths also imply that on average each node's DODAG has a lower number of nodes, therefore there is a strong probability that many P2P data packets go through the gateway due to relatively longer P2P forwarding paths. The longer paths negatively impact P2P communications performance. Similarly, a gateway at the edge of the network results in longer MP2P and P2 MP data forwarding paths, hence MP2P and P2 MP communication PDR is negatively impacted. Longer paths result in relatively bigger DODAGs at most nodes, hence a lower number of P2P packets go through the gateway. This results in better P2P communication PDR. The mean delay demonstrated by the protocols in different types of communication while the gateway was at the center of different random topologies is shown in Figure 6(b). Generally, the trends  
Figure 7: Protocols’ Performances with Different Random Topologies (Gateway at Network Center). present in Figure 6(b) and in Figure 5(b) are similar. However, there is one difference, i.e., due to shorter forwarding paths MP2P and P2 MP communication experience lower delay. The protocols' performances comparison with regard to the number of times P2P packets are relayed to reach their destination and the total number of retransmissions is shown in Figure 6(c,d), respectively. The trends shown in the figures are similar to the trends shown in Figure 5(c,d), respectively.