# Towards Understanding Driver Acceptance of C-ITS Services--A Multi-Use Case Field Study Approach
## 3 Results
### Questionnaire Results
#### 3.1.1 Demographic Data of Users  
In the ESRIUM project, the questionnaire results comprise answers from 27 male respondents. The 27 respondents include interviews of the 10 test drivers of the field test and 17 respondents of an online questionnaire (see Figure 5). The online survey was open from 21 August 2023 to 30 October 2023. The total sample was 157, net participation was 34, and the survey was completed by 27 people. The respondents were mainly aged above 35 years. Only 3 respondents were between 25 and 34 years old. 9 respondents were aged between 35 and 44 years old. 8 respondents were aged between 45 and 54 years old, and 9 respondents were aged 55 years and over (see Figure 6). Respondents also differed in terms of nationality. 16 Austrian, 6 Italian, 2 Hungarian, 1 Turkish, 1 Rumanian, and 1 Bulgarian truck drivers participated in the questionnaire. 14 respondents stated that to work as professional truck drivers and drive daily, \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline ID & Year & Affiliation Country & & & & & \\ \hline P01 & 2024 & GR, US & & x & & x & \\ P02 & 2024 & KR & & x & x & & \\ P03 & 2023 & AU & & x & x & & \\ P04 & 2023 & KR & & x & x & \\ P05 & 2023 & FR, UK & & & & x & \\ P06 & 2022 & DE, ES, IT, NL, FR & & & & & x \\ P07 & 2022 & PL & & & & & & x \\ P08 & 2022 & AT, DE & x & & & & \\ P09 & 2022 & QA, AU & & x & x & & \\ P10 & 2022 & US & & x & & x & \\ P11 & 2021 & MY & & & & & x \\ P12 & 2021 & NL & & x & & x & \\ P13 & 2020 & FR, UK & & & & x & \\ P14 & 2019 & AU & x & & & & x \\ P15 & 2017 & UK & & & x & & \\ P16 & 2016 & US & & x & x & & \\ P17 & 2015 & SW & x & & & & \\ P18 & 2014 & UK & x & & & & \\ P19 & 2013 & IT & x & x & x & x & \\ P20 & 2013 & TW & & x & & x & \\ P21 & 2012 & DE, AT & & & & & x \\ P22 & 2012 & DE & & x & x & x & \\ P23 & 2011 & DE, AT & & x & x & & \\ P24 & 2010 & SW & & x & & x & \\ P25 & 2008 & SW, US & & & & x & \\ P26 & 2004 & US & & x & & x & \\ \hline SUM & & & **5** & **15** & **9** & **11** & **5** \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 7: Literature list according to type of study. whereas the remaining 13 respondents occasionally drive trucks. 19 respondents drove more than 300,000 km since they obtained their driving license (see Figure 7). Only 4 out of 27 respondents indicated that they have not been involved in a traffic accident so far. 15 were involved as a driver, 1 as a passenger, and 7 as a driver as well as a passenger. Regarding the severity of the road accidents, 18 respondents stated that the accidents caused only limited material damage. 1 respondent stated that serious material damage, but no physical injuries, occurred. 2 respondents stated that serious material damage and limited physical injuries occurred. Another 2 respondents indicated serious injuries as a result of the accident. Figure 5: Number of participants in the test drives and the online questionnaire. Figure 6: Age of the participants in the test drives and online questionnaire. The ASFINAG study included eight participants in interviews conducted between 5 November 2024 and 7 November 2024 (see Figure 5). The participants were evenly split between males and females, all of whom were Austrian nationals. The age distribution was intentionally diverse, with 25% under 25 years, 12.5% between 25 to 34 years, 37.5% between 35 to 44 years, and 25% between 45 to 54 years (see Figure 6). Educational backgrounds were equally divided between secondary education and university level. All participants held a car driving license, with 50% also licensed to drive trucks and motorbikes. Driving habits varied, with half driving less than 10,000 km annually and the other half between 22,001 to 60,000 km. Most participants drove a car, with 37.5% driving almost daily and 50% a few times a week, primarily for various reasons, including leisure. Lifetime driving experience showed that 50% had driven more than 300,000 km (see Figure 7).