# GIS-Based Multi-Objective Routing Approach for Street-Based Sporting-Event Routing
## 1 Introduction
### Research Background
As a result, design changes were made throughout the track and competition overlays, and additional costs were incurred owing to renegotiations with the government, re-approval by the FIA, and urgent construction for the competition schedule. Figure 1 shows the initial and final track layouts. The red box is a section that has been deleted by the public road impact assessment, and the track inside the stadium has been lengthened owing to the deletion of that section. In other words, for street-based sports events, such as the Formula E World Championship, because of the nature of events that are held for a relatively short period of time, the evaluation of the impact on the downtown area is overlooked, and the manually conducted planning process requires significant time for route search and review and, sometimes, Elements that are not considered can cause errors. Moreover, research on digital-based processes for street-based sporting events has not been conducted on current routing and GIS fields. Therefore, a digital process that can route street-based events based on city data is needed. This should be accompanied by an analysis of how planned routes affect host cities. The data on cities required for the planning of street-based sporting events are provided extensively by geographic information systems (GIS). Based on these data, a race route can be searched by using an optimal-path-search algorithm. Building-information modeling (BIM) also supports decision making in the early stages of a project through clash reviews, quantity takeoffs, and visualization. Moreover, the generated BIM data can be utilized throughout the project's life cycle. In previous studies, the dyadic technological combination of GIS-routing/GIS-BIM was actively dealt with. However, there is a lack of research on decision making based on the technological integration of GIS-routing-BIM. In addition, previous GIS-based routing research focused on routing, and research on BIM-environment integration to explore the impact of derived routes on cities is lacking. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a decision-making model. The aim of the present study is to develop a data- and algorithm-based routing process for street-based events and to propose a framework to evaluate their impact on a given host city. We created a database of host cities in GIS and developed an algorithm to search for optimal event routes with a low impact on the city. Moreover, we integrated the data into a building-information model (BIM) to create and analyze models that assess urban effects. We proposed the present process to facilitate rapid decision making during the planning phases of street-based events. Additionally, if the process conforms to the GIS stipulated in this study, it can be applied to other cities. This paper includes four subsequent sections. In Section 1, we define the route-selection factor as a parameter and explain how we constructed the GIS-based optimal-routing algorithm. In Section 2, we describe the techniques used to collect and process GIS datasets and a framework for developing algorithms. We clarify the approaches to solving the multi-objective optimization problem in this section. In Section 3, we use the case study to show the results of applying the proposed process, with a focus on a specific region. We selected the Gwanghwamun area of Seoul as a case study. In Section 4, we examine the study's implications. Section 5 summarizes the study's findings and limitations and addresses future research.