# Comparison of Three Biological Control Models of _Pycnoporus__sanguineus_ on Phytopathogenic Fungi
###### Abstract  
The genus _Pycnoporus_ includes fungi with great potential for the production of antibiotic substances. It is necessary to develop new models to assess their effectiveness against microorganisms with an economic impact, such as phytopathogenice fungi. The objective of this study is to evaluate three models of _Pycnoporus__sanguineus_ for the growth inhibition of the phytopathogens _Botrytis cinerea_ and _Fusarium oxysporum_. Model 1 involves dual tests of the antagonistic activity of _P. sanguineus_ vs. phytopathogens, Model 2 involves antifungal effectiveness tests of cinnabarin, and Model 3 involves antifungal effectiveness tests of _P. sanguineus_ extract. Models 2 and 3 are contrasted with products containing benonyml and captain. The results show that Model 3 is the most effective in _B. cinero_, with an inhibition percentage of 74.34% (_p_ < 0.05) and a decrease in the growth rate (3.85 mm/day; \(p\) < 0.05); the same is true for _F. oxysporum_, with an inhibition percentage of 47.14% (_p_ < 0.05). In general, _F. oxysporum_ exhibits greater resistance (_p_ < 0.05). The results of this study indicate that _P. sanguineus_ extracts may be used as control agents for fungal species in the same way as other _Pycnoporus_ species. Although commercial products are very efficient at inhibiting phytopathogens, one must consider the disadvantages of their use. In the short term, new models involving _Pycnoporus_ for biological control in food production will be developed. fungal biotechnology; biological control; secondary metabolites 2024 14 8263 10.3390/app14188263 10.3390/app14188263 10.3390/app14188263 10.3390/app14188263 10.390/app14188263 10.  
secondary metabolites [5], thereby reducing the risks associated with the management of live organisms [6]. The secondary metabolites, enzymes, and pigments produced by fungi have generated considerable interest in recent decades due to their biotechnological potential [7]. In this regard, various compounds extracted from basidiomycete fungi have exhibited strong antifungal activity [8]. Particularly, the compounds found in some lignicolous fungal species can biologically control phytopathogens, largely because of their ability to produce substances like those used by plants to defend against these phytopathogenic agents [3; 9]. The genus _Pycnoporus_ is a Basidiomycota fungus with extensive research potential to produce antiviral, antifungal, and antibacterial substances. This has primarily been studied through the action of cinnabarin, an orange pigment that can be obtained from its liquid or solid cultivation [10]. Its effectiveness against various bacterial species, such as _Bacillus cereus_, _Enterococcus faecalis_, _Enterococcus faecium_, _Escherichia coli_, _Klebsiella pneumoniae_, _Listeria monocytogenes_, and _Lactobacillus plantarum_, among others, has been previously demonstrated [11; 12]. However, further research is still needed to delve into the mechanisms of action involved in interactions with these organisms [13; 14]. Additionally, it is crucial to evaluate the effectiveness of the other compounds present in _Pycnoporus_ with significant biotechnological potential [15; 16; 17]. Therefore, it is imperative to generate new models that incorporate a broader spectrum of components and evaluate them against other groups of economically impactful microorganisms such as phytopathogenic fungi [18; 19]. Studies that have evaluated the effectiveness of _Pycnoporus_ on these types of organisms have primarily focused on models involving the complete extraction of its fruiting bodies or on antagonistic interaction models assessing the interaction of the fungus against the growing pathogen [18; 20; 21]. Although the main component of interaction in these models is likely cinnabarin, models directly assessing the effect of this compound on the growth of phytopathogenic fungi are virtually non-existent. For this reason, the aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of three _P.