# Food Risk Entropy Model Based on Federated Learning
## 1 Introduction  
Although people around the world have paid more attention to food safety, it cannot be completely guaranteed [1], and countries around the world are working on various factors of food safety [2; 3; 4; 5; 6; 7]. [PERSON] [8] summarized a review of the food safety perspectives and practices of Nigerian consumers and suppliers. The future of food safety in Nigeria focused on traditional markets for fruits and vegetables and less on closed survey questions and self-reported data. [PERSON] et al. [9] introduced the current status, sources, and mitigation techniques of heavy metal pollution in agricultural soils in China. [PERSON] et al. [7] used the Delphi technique to investigate the main challenges to food security in rural Iran, which found eight categories as main challenges to food security: policy, economic, knowledge and information, infrastructural, cultural, access to food, climate conditions, and social challenges. In conclusion, many factors have an affect on food safety, and pesticide residues have received more and more attention as a huge threat to human health and the environment in recent years [10; 11; 12; 13; 14]. The problem of pesticide residues is a food safety and a major health issue for consumers [15; 16; 17; 18]. In [19], the extraction and analysis of pesticide residues in different types of food from Bangladesh showed that only a few fish and most vegetable samples detected pesticide residues exceeding the maximum limit. [PERSON] et al. [15] through the detection and analysis of pesticide residues of meat in some areas of Ghana, the result showed that most of the organochlorine detection was below the maximum limit, but the bioaccumulation of these pesticide residues may cause health problems. However, fruits and vegetables are an important part of our daily diet, so pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables have agreat impact on our lives. Therefore, the study of pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables is also a very critical part of food safety [20]. Research on pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables has always been a hot topic in food safety. [PERSON] [21] studied the common pesticide residues of three mango varieties collected in Multan, and the results showed that all samples were found to have a certain degree of variation in pesticide residues. [PERSON] et al. [22] studied the pesticide residues in 123 vegetables and 130 fruits in western China and used the food safety index and risk coefficient to measure the health hazards of pesticide residues to consumers. The study showed that some pesticide residues in vegetables needed continuous monitoring, [PERSON] [23] analyzed pesticide residue data in fruits and vegetables for 8 years in 32 major cities in my country shows that the problems of excessive pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables and banned pesticide residues are common in China. In China, food testing institutions have been established at the national and provincial levels, and the national standards are used to determine whether the food is qualified or not. But two flaws cannot be avoided as follows,  
* Data Silos: From the Figure 1, we can see that the data among various departments are private and cannot be exchanged. Hence, this has caused isolated data to form between different departments and regions. The isolated data has the significant impact on the macroscopic evaluation in food safety. The current work reflect only one aspect of risk in the area of food safety, while it is not comprehensive. Due to the protection of sampling data, the data is not fully used because that the isolation of data between various places. * Quantitative Evaluation Metrics: The food testing institutions take sample at the national, provincial, and local levels, which is only a qualitative summary of pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables. There is no quantitative indicator to analyze the risk of pesticide residues of the sample. The pass rate and residue rate are common indicators for evaluating the risk of pesticide residues in food safety.