# A Comparison of Households' Energy Balance in Residential Smart Grid Pilots in the Netherlands
## 2 Pilot Descriptions, Data and Processing Methods
### Pilot Descriptions  
Prior to the data analysis, in this section, we provide brief descriptions for the investigated pilots and the technologies employed within these pilots. Next to the pilots' descriptions, we provide an overview of the data that were used as that input for our analysis.  
Power Matching City (PMC): Phase 1 (2007-2011) of this pilot [40] consisted of 25 households in the city of Groningen equipped with distributed generators. These generators entail \(\upmu\)-CHP and PV panels. Furthermore, controllable loads were deployed, such as hybrid heat pumps (HP), and smart appliances, such as dishwashers and washing machines. Specific software to match demand and production was developed, i.e., the \"PowerMatcher\" [45]. In the second phase of the project (2012-2015), more households were incorporated, summing up to a total of 40, and a variable tariff scheme for electricity supply was implemented. For our study, data of 22 households were available. These households had with an average of 3.1 residents per household, with a living area of 150-199 m\({}^{2}\) per household. Typically these numbers are both above the Dutch average [23].  
Jouw Energie Moment (JEM): This smart grid pilot project also consisted of two phases. The first phase, JEM 1.0', was carried out from 2012 to 2015 [42]. It included 382 residential households in newly constructed buildings in Breda (Easy Street/Meulenspie) and Zwolle (MuziekWijk). All the participants received a smart meter connected to an energy management system (EMS, display in home), indicating dynamic prices, renewable output from rooftop PV, and (for the most part) smart washing machines. In the group of houses in Meulenspie-Breda (39 households), a heat pump was present. A second neighborhood in Breda, in which electricity consumption was monitored, was Easy Street (131 households). As data from Zwolle were not available to us, the number of households was limited to 170 (only Breda). The second phase started in 2017, with higher PV capacity and storage technologies installed. However, this will be the subject of future analyses; it is inappropriate to compare with the two other pilots, as the time period is significantly different [46].  
Rendement voor Iedereen (R&I): The Smart Grid: Rendement voor Iedereen (Profit for all) project ran from 2012 to 2014 in two central cities in the Netherlands: Utrecht and Amersfoort. The goal was to develop business cases focused on future smart grids and accompanying energy services. In both cities, smart meters were installed in 100 households that were equipped with solar panels. These meters measured grid power interaction at an unusual high time resolution of 10 s. For the Co-evolution of Smart Energy Products and Services (CESEPS) project, data were collected and analyzed from the Amersfoort pilot [43].  
Zornedael: A smart meter dataset was made available that contained consumption and production values of 70 households in an anonymized neighborhood called Zornedael in the Netherlands for the year 2013, at a 15 min resolution [44]. It contains a number of PV systems. However, the majority of the households are conventional end users, and no specific energy efficient technologies are included in these households. The dataset is taken as a reference because the energy demand patterns of the households in this dataset resemble those of average Dutch households for that year.  
In total, energy data of 287 households have been collected for our analysis.