# Design and Analysis of Pattern Reconfigurable Antenna Based on RF MEMS Switches
## 5 Conclusions  
This paper proposed a patch antenna with pattern reconfigurability using RF MEMS switches. The antenna has a compact and thin structure of 3.7 mm \(\times\) 5.2 mm \(\times\) 0.4 mm and can achieve three different radiation patterns (\(-8^{\circ}\), \(0^{\circ}\), and \(+8^{\circ}\)) at 35 GHz by controlling the states of the RF MEMS switches. The pattern analysis was based on the electric field vector addition method. Compared with other pattern reconfigurable antennas, the antenna  
Figure 15: The measured results of the directional pattern and gain of the reconfigurable antenna in three working modes. (**a**) Double up; (**b**) Only left switch up; (**c**) Only right switch up.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Literature** & **Means** & **Frequency** & **Reconfigurable Angles** & **Block Volume (mm\({}^{3}\))** \\ \hline
[20] & PIN diodes & 27.5 GHz & 45\({}^{\circ}\) & 5.1 \(\times\) 5.1 \(\times\) 1.274 \\
[13] & Varactor diode & 2.43 GHz & 80\({}^{\circ}\) & 80 \(\times\) 140 \(\times\) 1.6 \\
[14] & PIN diodes & 27 GHz & 60\({}^{\circ}\) & 9.5 \(\times\) 9.5 \(\times\) 1 \\
[15] & Varactor diode & 0.865 GHz & 48\({}^{\circ}\) & 150 \(\times\) 500 \(\times\) 3.18 \\
[16] & Tunable Graphene Superstrate & 30 GHz & 30\({}^{\circ}\) & 16 \(\times\) 16 \(\times\) 10.3 \\
[17] & PIN diodes & 2.5 GHz & 60\({}^{\circ}\) & - \\
[8] & MEMS switches & 2.5 GHz and 5.4 GHz & 0\({}^{\circ}\) & 40 \(\times\) 28 \(\times\) 0.1 \\
[9] & MEMS switches & 9.41 GHz & 60\({}^{\circ}\) & 50.8 \(\times\) 27.5 \(\times\) 3.68 \\
[10] & MEMS switches & 16.05\({-}\)15.75 GHz & - & 12.6 \(\times\) 8.6 \(\times\) 0.5 \\
[11] & MEMS switches & 1.8 GHz & - & 37 \(\times\) 72 \(\times\) 1.75 \\
[21] & PIN diodes & 1.3\({-}\)1.8 GHz & 270\({}^{\circ}\) & 24 \(\times\) 40 \(\times\) 1.57 \\
[12] & MEMS switches & 4.57 GHz and 4.88 GHz & - & 40 \(\times\) 40 \(\times\) 0.25 \\
[5] & MEMS switches & 2–3.2 GHz & - & 120 \(\times\) 100 \(\times\) 10 \\ This paper & MEMS switches & 35 GHz & 16\({}^{\circ}\) & 3.7 \(\times\) 5.2 \(\times\) 0.4 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 3: Performance comparison.  
design presented in this paper effectively reduces antenna size by over 50% while achieving multi radiation direction reconfigurability.  
At the same time, the antenna design presented in this paper also has some problems, such as the reconfigurable angle of the antenna not being large enough. A large reconfigurable angle is better for the reconfigurable antenna as it can cover a wider spatial area, improving the signal coverage and reliability. Future work needs to be undertaken in this respect.  
[PERSON] conceived and designed the study, performed the structure optimization, model simulation, data analysis, and wrote the manuscript. [PERSON] is the person in charge of the supporting project. [PERSON] assisted with the literature search and chart drawing. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
The project was supported by the Fund of State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications (Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications) (No. IPOC2022 ZT02), China.  
Not applicable.  
The authors declare no conflict of interest.