# Estimation of Stature from Tibia Length for Romanian Adult Population
## 4 Discussion
The objective initiated in this research was achieved, a regression formula being developed to predict the height of a person based on the length of the tibia. Thus, the present research is an important contribution in the field of forensic anthropology. The results from the analysis are impressive and have a good applicability in a forensic anthropological context. \begin{table}
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**Article** & **Material and Method** & **Results** \\ \hline [PERSON] & 86 cadavers (56 males and 30 females) measuring the humerus, femur, and tibia & R-square (males) for femur = 0.621, humerus = 0.687, and tibia = 0.732 humerus, femur, and tibia & R-square (females) for humerus = 0.577, femur = 0.673, and tibia = 0.502 \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. (2019) [10] & 249 Spanish Caucasian adult male participants (living subjects) measuring the tibial (the distance between tibial medial and sphyrion tibial) & The study lot was categorized in three sub-groups based on tibial length according to the fact the body proportions vary in short, medium and tall individuals as result, R-square varied between 0.22 and 0.57, respectively 0.36, and R-square for all participants was 0.77. \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. (2006) [12] & 50 Bosnian male cadavers measuring the femur, tibia, and fibula & In this study, the authors created seven formulas for stature estimation, one for each tibia, femur and fibula separately and other 2 using the sum between the femur and tibia, respectively fibula, and the last two using a multiplication between femur and tibia, respectively fibula. As a result, R was between 0.83–0.90, but we cannot see the R-square. \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. (2003) [13] & 121 Turkish males (living subjects) measuring the tibia length & The group study was categorized in three sub-group according to each type of stature (short, medium, and tall); as a result, the authors created four regression formulas, one for each group and the fourth as a general formula; the R-square was between 0.444–0.645 and the total R-square was 0.816 \\ \hline Our study & 137 Romanian adults represented by cadavers measuring the tibia length & As result, we created four formulas for stature estimation based on tibia length, one formula for the situation when the sex is known, the third one for when both (age and sex) are known, and the last regression formula in the situation when just the tibia length is known; the R-square was between 0.770 and 0.816. \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: Comparative aspects between the stature estimation. The statistical analysis indicated a normal distribution of the variables involved in this study: the person's height as well as the length of tibia. There was also a strong correlation between the length of the tibia and the height of the persons, which confirmed that the tibia, as a long bone, is an important indicator in the estimation of stature (height). At the same time, there were significant differences between the age of the participants and the height--the higher the age, the lower the height and between the sex of the participants and the stature--with males being taller than women. For a good highlight of the simple link between the stature (height) of the persons and the length of the tibia [28], as well as the link between the stature and the length of the tibia by controlling the sex and age of the participants, several regression formulas were developed. In the field of forensic anthropology, sex and age are two parameters involved in creating a biological profile of an individual with an unknown identity [28]. These parameters are still difficult to estimate, especially when dealing with disparate bones and not with the entire skeleton; even in the presence of an entire skeleton, age is difficult to estimate. In this context, we first developed a regression formula to estimate the height based on the tibia length, without taking into account the two predictive parameters (sex and age), the statistical analysis showing a strong correlation between tibia length and stature.