# Towards Flexible Distribution Systems: Future Adaptive Management Schemes
## 3 Future Adaptive Control and Management Methods
Partly based on the conclusions from the previous studies in [25; 80; 81], adaptive control and management methods evolution to enable increased TSO-DSO collaboration at different stages 1-3 is presented in Tables 2-5. In the following Sections 3.1-3.4, some chosen proposed future adaptive control and management methods at certain evolution stages (Tables 2-5) are presented in more detail. Figure 3: Future adaptive control and management methods to increase flexibility availability for provision of services (see Tables 1–5). \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline  & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Adaptive Control and Management Methods**} \\ \cline{3-4}  & **1. DER/P/-Control** & **II. DER/Q-Control (QU-Droop,** & **III. DER/P-Control (PUL-Droop,** & IV. DER/P-Control (**PUL-Droop**, & IV. DER/P-Control (**PUL-Saving**, & **Current Control based Congestion** \\  & **(Frequency Control)** & **Voltage Control based Congestion** & **Management**) & **Management**) \\ \hline Local (DSC)/System-wide (TSO) Service & TSO on the network & TSO on the network 2s-3 diffusive pressure frequency deviations) & DSO \\ Location-based prioritization & i.e., DCE closer to the DC network, will be used & network-connected DER unit/Q-loops should have larger dead-cons than directly MWT network or M/V-V-V-V-V-V-V-V- \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline \multicolumn{4}{c}{**Adaptive Control and Management Methods**} \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{**Stage**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{V. OLTC/CVR} & \multirow{4}{*}{**V. II. DER/Q-Control (\(\boldsymbol{PQ}\) Flow Management between**} \\  & **(Peak Shaving Current Control** & & **V.I. Adaptive OLTC** \\  & **based Centralised Congestion** & **(Voltage Control, DE \& EV Hosting Capacity)** & **Voltage Levels or at DERE, Household, Microgrid etc.** \\  & **Management by Voltage** & & **Connection Point)** \\  & **Reduction** & & \\ \hline
1 & Current dependent fixed setting 7  & Fixed or seasonally adaptive setting value & Yearly/sexonal PQ-target window \\  & & Monthly/weekly/daily adaptive OR & Monthly/Weekly PQ-target window, coordinated settings \\
2 & - & Real-time PQ-dependent (VII) setting value, & Monthly/Weekly PQ-target window, coordinated settings \\  & & coordinated settings with J. and II. and II. & with II. and VI. \\  & & Depending on the frequency level/range the setting value is & \\
3 & - & based on real-time PQ-(ISO) system’OR frequency level & Daily/Hourly PQ-target window, coordinated settings \\  & & (ISO service) (VII), coordinated settings with II. and III. & with II. and VI. \\ Local (DSO)/system-wide & \multirow{2}{*}{DSO} & DSO/TSO & DSO/TSO \\ (TSO) service & & & \\ location-based & & - & \\ prioritization & & & \\ \hline \multicolumn{4}{c}{At stage 1 for DSO needs (maximizing hosting capacity),} \\ \multicolumn{4}{c}{} \\ \multirow{2}{*}{DSO network state-based prioritization} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{At stage 2-3, frequency deviation-dependent operation, i.e.,} \\ \multicolumn{4}{c}{} \\ \multirow{2}{*}{DSO network state-based prioritization} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{during smaller frequency deviations use for DSO needs (maximizing hosting capacity) and during} \\  & & (maximizing hosting capacity) and during larger frequency & \\ \multicolumn{4}{c}{} \\ \multirow{2}{*}{DSO network state-based prioritization} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{during smaller frequency deviations use for DSO needs (maximizing hosting capacity) and during} \\  & & (maximizing hosting capacity) and during larger frequency & \\ \multicolumn{4}{c}{} \\ \multirow{2}{*}{priorization} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{during larger frequency deviations use for TSO needs (contralateral demand response)} \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 5: Adaptive control and management methods V.-VII. evolution during different stages 1–3 and related issues. (see Figure 3, Tables 3 and 4).