## 2 The \({}^{3}\)ColStar Satellite Mission
### Concept of Operations (ConOps)  
The \({}^{3}\)ColStar mission encompasses several key elements essential for its success, outlined here to provide a comprehensive understanding [57] (Figure 4):  
1. Users and Technology Transfer: This aspect involves various participating institutions facilitating technology transfer. Additionally, end-users will benefit from data generated by the space weather sensor and IoT information, particularly in remote areas for precision agriculture. 2. Primary and Secondary Payloads: The efficient operation entails the scheduled utilization of the space weather sensor as the primary payload, and the IoT module with store and forward process as the secondary payload. 3. Satellite Platform: The mission includes a 1U satellite with all necessary systems (Structure and Mechanical, Power System, Communication, Command and Data Handling (C&DH), ADCS, Thermal Control, and Onboard Computer and Software). 4. Ground Station: The communication infrastructure is established through a network of ground stations to facilitate efficient and continuous communication with the satellite. 5. Orbital Parameters: The satellite is expected to be launched from Kibo port of ISS to perform a LEO. Table 1 shows the environment orbit parameters. 6. Mission Operations: The mission is structured into four distinct stages to ensure systematic execution (Figure 4):Furthermore, the mission is structured into four distinct stages to ensure a systematic execution (Figure 5):  
1. Launch (Figure 5a) and Early Orbit Phase (LEOP) Operations (Figure 5b): Includes initial satellite operations post-launch, establishing contact with ground stations, and conducting Early Operation Tests. The ground stations of the participating universities and the COLAF located in different parts of Colombian territory are planned to be used for this mission. The first one is located at the Colombian Air Force Space Operations Center (Spo) in the city of Cali. Additionally, the other points of contact between the satellite and the ground will be the ground stations of the universities participating in the project, which are located in the city of Bogota (Universidad Distrial, Universidad Sergio Arboleda), Universidad de Antioquia (Medellin), and in the city of Sogamoso (Universidad Pedaggica y Tecnologica de Colombia). 2. Initial Operations (IOP) (Figure 5c): Starts after satellite stabilization, focusing on the initial operations of payloads. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c} \hline \hline Perigee height & 400–460 Km \\ \hline Eccentricity (e) & 0.0008103 \\ \hline Inclination (i) & 51.63\({}^{\circ}\) \\ \hline RAAN & 174.97\({}^{\circ}\) \\ \hline Orbital period & 91–94 min \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Environment orbit parameters. Figure 4: KiboCUBE Team Colombia \({}^{3}\)ColStar mission concept [57]. * Full Operations (FOP) (Figure 4(d)): The satellite enters in its nominal operational phase, executing payload activities and data download. * Decommissioning (DECO) (Figure 4(e)): The satellite is safely passivated and manages the end of its useful life through systematic shutdown procedures. Each stage is further defined by specific operational modes tailored to various scenarios. For each stage established, some modes of operation have been established, which are mentioned below:  
* Standby (Sb): Period before the satellite is turned on. All subsystems are inactive. * Released (R): After the standby period, the satellite is turned on, with the EPS and OBC as the only active subsystems. * Pre-detumbling (PD): UHF antennas are deployed, the EPS, OBC, COMMS and ADCS (only determination for telemetry) are active. The COMMS subsystem starts transmitting beacon. * Detumbling (D): Same as the pre-detumbling state, with the magnetorquers operating. * Detumbled (Dd): Once the satellite is detumbled, the ADCS is keeping the desired attitude. The COMMS subsystem is transmitting beacon. * Basic (Ba): The satellite transmits telemetry exclusively. * Nominal (N): Satellite is fully operational.