## 1 Introduction
Rice husk, electronic waste, fly coal ash and clay minerals such as smectite, sepiolite, kaolin, palygorskite, attapulgite, vermiculite and so on were all successfully applied to the synthesis of a wide variety of zeolitic materials. Other possibilities to be explored is the production of zeolite nanofibers [9]. Kaolin waste is a white material with a brown surface and a chemical composition of kaolinite (Al\({}_{2}\)Si\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{5}\)(OH)\({}_{4}\)). Its theoretical composition is 46% silica (SiO\({}_{2}\)), 39% alumina (Al\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{3}\)) and 14% water.Although the deposited and crystallographic properties are highly dependent on the source of extraction, one of the main configurations of kaolinite crystals is perfectly pseudohexagonal phases, but this can also occur in other phases, such as triclinic, pseudomonoclinic and polymorphic. The variation of Al amount from raw material allow the exploration of structures ranging its acidity [10]. The exploitation of kaolin generates a waste that--if not destined for an application--can cause great environmental damage, especially to water entities. In this context, there is the generation of two types of tailings, some rich in quartz and others formed by coarse kaolinite particles, occupying basins in large areas and with low toxicity, allowing their reuse as Longhi et al. [11] explored in production of geopolymers. During the transformation of raw kaolin into a commercial product, the first tailings are generated using high-iron-content kaolin obtained from mine exploration. Coal ash has been used in obtaining molecular zeolitic sieves due to the existing environmental appeal for the reduction in deposits of this residue in the world. As an example, India reached 90 million tons generated annually and 65,000 acres of land are occupied as deposits. The ashes are composed of inorganic oxides from coal combustion, mainly SiO\({}_{2}\) and Al\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{3}\), varying infinitely with the nature of the coal used. These materials have a composition similar to volcanic rocks. The Na-A zeolite was produced from this raw material [12]. The synthesis process of zeolitic structures from this precursor is similar to the natural process of formation of it from volcanic rocks. The ashes, which are rich in aluminosilicate, become zeolites naturally, due to the influence of the percolation of water present in the environment, which can be converted into analcine and feldspar. This process can last from ten to a thousand years under natural conditions. The potential of volcanic ashes for zeolite synthesis is helpful to reduce contamination of environment [13]. Clays of natural origin, such as perlite and diatomic, have been used to obtain zeolitic structures such as A, X, HS, ZSM-5, ofretite and mordenite. This process has the drawback of a low degree of purity with respect to the structure obtained from pure reagents. For example, the presence of transition metal impurities in natural precursor can precipitate it heterogeneously in alkaline conditions [14]. The mineral clay precursors form the group of phyllosilicates, which are distinguished from lamellar structures, formed by tetrahedra of SiO\({}_{4}\) units linked to octahedral units of Al, Mg or Fe (O, OH). The formation of zeolitic structures using natural clays, such as chabasite and phyllipsite, was reported in experiments carried out at 175 \({}^{\circ}\)C. The incorporation of heteroatoms such as Mg and Fe as reported is another possible way to produce metal heteroatom-containing molecular sieves [15]. The zeolitic material synthesized from silica aluminous residue has great use as an adsorbent of cations such as Ni\({}^{+2}\), Cu\({}^{+2}\), Cd\({}^{+2}\), Pb\({}^{+2}\), Zn\({}^{+2}\), Ba\({}^{+2}\) etc. This residue can be generated from the extraction of lithium from the mineral spodumene [16], oil shale ash [17] and paper sludge ash [18]. Recently, there has been an appeal to minimize waste, so those that contain a large amount of Si and Al represent a low-cost alternative for obtaining catalytic materials.