# Geographical Distribution of Global Radiation and Sunshine Duration over the Island of Cyprus
## 2 Materials and Methods  
Hourly data of global horizontal irradiance (G) were obtained from automatic weather stations located in different parts of the island, covering mainly the period 2019-2021. Most of the pyranometers were supplied by the Kipp & Zonen Company. For the sunshine duration data, Kipp & Zonen CSD3 sunshine duration sensors were used. The sensors faced south with a slope (\(\beta\)) of 35\({}^{\circ}\) (local latitude) from the horizontal plane. The sunshine duration sensor, at the same time, measures the direct normal irradiance (\(B_{n}\)) in W/m\({}^{2}\). The measured normal irradiance is less accurate than the value obtained by pyrhilometers, which are installed on a solar tracker system. The experimental error of CSD3 recorders for direct normal irradiance ranged between 5% and 10% (Kipp and Zonen, personal communication). The photosynthetic active radiation was measured by the PAR-LITE Quantum Sensor of Kipp & Zonen company in umol/s/m\({}^{2}\) with an experimental error of about 5%. This measurement represents the number of photons between 400 and 700 nm incidents on a square meter per second. The conversion factor of 4.57 umol/J proposed by [PERSON] [38] was used to convert the Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density (PPFD) into its energy alternative (PAR) in W/m\({}^{2}\). All sensors were factory calibrated. Additionally, the stations were equipped with air temperature and relative humidity sensors, which are installed at the screen level of 1.2 m above the surface. Also, wind speed and direction are measured at a height of 10 m. The coordinates of the stations, the type of the models of the radiation equipment and their calibration factors, as well as their period of measurements are presented in Table 1a, while the position of the stations is also shown in Figure 1. Table 1b shows the meteorological stations equipped with Campbell-Stokes sunshine recorders operated in different periods. Recently, no stations are operated with this type of sunshine recorder. The stations were classified into coastal, plain (0 to 300 m], semi-mountainous (300 to 800 m], and mountainous (800 to 1750 m). The geographical distribution of the stations was considered satisfactory. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{r r r r r r r r r r r r} \hline \hline  & & & & & & & & & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{**A/A**} & \multirow{4}{*}{**Station**} & \multirow{4}{*}{**Station**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Long. (B)**} & **Lat. (B)** & **Elevat. ** & \multirow{2}{*}{**Location 1**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Data in**} & \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{r c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**A/A** & **Station No.** & **Station Name** & **Long (E)** & **Lat (N)** & **Elve. (m)** & **Location** & **Period** & **Years** \\ \hline  & & & **(deg)** & **(deg)** & **(m)** & & & \\ \hline
1 & 731 & Larmaca Airport & 33.6333 & 34.8833 & 1 & C & 2012–2016 & 5 \\
2 & 20 & Pados Kato & 24.4000 & 34.7500 & 10 & C & 1970-1974 & 5 \\
3 & 82 & Palos Airport & 32.4833 & 34.7167 & 10 & C & 2012–2016 & 5 \\
4 & 41 & Polis & 32.4333 & 35.0050 & 20 & C & 1994–1997 & 4 \\
5 & 332 & Akroftin & 32.9633 & 34.8833 & 23 & C & 2012–2017 & 6 \\
6 & 81 & Achekin & 32.4833 & 34.7333 & 45 & C & 1985–1990 & 6 \\
7 & 800 & Akhana Forest & 33.7833 & 35.0050 & 50 & P & 1989–1993 & 5 \\
8 & 810 & Xylofapa & 33.8500 & 34.9667 & 49 & P & 1992–1996 & 5 \\
9 & 51 & Chryschou & 32.4333 & 35.0000 & 67 & P & 1982–1986 & 5 \\
10 & 63 & Evrton & 32.4667 & 34.9833 & 110 & P & 1988–1993 & 6 \\
11 & 686 & Memojía & 33.4333 & 34.8500 & 140 & P & 2012–2017 & 6 \\
12 & 640 & Nicolas & 33.3500 & 35.1667 & 155 & P & 1994–1998 & 5 \\
13 & 666 & Athalasa & 33.4000 & 35.1500 & 162 & P & 2012–2016 & 5 \\
14 & 560 & Gerolakos & 33.2559 & 35.1862 & 166 & P & 1959–1964 & 5 \\
15 & 320 & Saitras & 32.9167 & 34.8667 & 640 & SM & 1992–1996 & 5 \\
16 & 466 & Farmakas & 33.1333 & 34.9167 & 970 & M & 1988–1993 & 6 \\
17 & 377 & Agros & 33.0167 & 35.0833 & 1015 & M & 2011–2015 & 5 \\
18 & 225 & Prodoncos & 32.8333 & 34.9500 & 1380 & M & 1996–2001 & 6 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}