# Analysis of the Efficiency of Slope Evacuation for Dense Crowds in Urban Street-Type Public Spaces
## 5 Results
### Effect of Disability Type on Evacuation Time  
As can be seen from the data in Figure 11, evacuation times gradually increase as the percentage of people with disabilities increases, regardless of the type of disability. The linear fitting curves for each type of disability are obtained according to the equation \(y=ax+b\). The goodness-of-fit \(R^{2}\) values close to 1 for all curves indicate a strong linear relationship between the percentage of people with disabilities and evacuation time. From the fitting results, it can be seen that there is a significant difference in the effect of different disability types on pedestrian evacuation time.  
1. The most significant impact on evacuation efficiency is felt by people with mobility impairments (wheelchair users), the slope of the fitted curve for wheelchair users is 5.07915, which is the largest among the four types. Wheelchair users are dependent on assistive devices, move slower, and require more space or additional help in  
Figure 11: The effect of different disability types on evacuation times.  
evacuation, reducing the capacity of the aisles and increasing the complexity of evacuation. In addition, wheelchair users are at greater risk on sloped streets, where loss of control can lead to serious falls and injuries.
2. Visually impaired people have the second highest impact on evacuation efficiency, the slope of the fitted curve for visually impaired people is 2.62776. These people are highly dependent on the environment, have difficulty in recognizing directions, cannot see signs or exit directions, are prone to making mistakes or staying in the same place, and need to rely on other people's guidance or on auxiliary facilities (e.g., blind corridors) to complete evacuation.
3. Pedestrians using canes and hearing-impaired pedestrians had a relatively minor impact on evacuation times. The slopes of the fitted curve for these two types of disabled people are 1.09939 and 1.10182, respectively. Although the results of the study showed that the evacuation time of hearing-impaired pedestrians was lower than that of pedestrians using canes, the slope of the fitted curve for hearing-impaired pedestrians was slightly higher. This phenomenon is explained by the fact that hearing-impaired pedestrians have an information reception barrier and cannot hear critical evacuation information, such as sirens or voice announcements. As the percentage of hearing-impaired pedestrians in a crowd increases, the problem of miscommunication will become more pronounced, which will make coordinated evacuation more difficult. Pedestrians using canes, although limited in their mobility, have a greater advantage in accessing information and, therefore, have a relatively lower rate of increase in evacuation time.  
According to the degree of influence of different types of disabilities on evacuation efficiency, for high-impact groups (e.g., wheelchair users and visually impaired persons), focus should be placed on the design of assisted evacuation measures, including widening of evacuation corridors, optimization of evacuation path markings, and addition of assistive devices. For low-impact groups (e.g., hearing-impaired persons), multi-modal communication of evacuation information should be strengthened, such as adding visual warning signs and information bulletins to make up for the shortcomings in their information reception.