## 3 Metaverse Classroom: A Layered Architectural View
### Infrastructure Layer
#### 3.1.2 Network and Connectivity  
Virtual collaboration spaces in a Metaverse classroom create dynamic environments where students can engage in teamwork, group discussions, and collaborative projects, mirroring real-world interactions [61]. These spaces feature breakout rooms facilitating smaller group interactions, enabling focused collaboration on specific tasks or discussions [71]. For instance, during project-based learning activities, students can split into breakout rooms to work on different topics and later present their findings to the main class [72]. This structure promotes engagement and personalized teacher support within each group [73]. Shared whiteboards enhance collaboration by allowing students to brainstorm, solve problems, and visualize concepts collectively [74]. Digital whiteboards like Miro and Jamboard offer multi-user interaction across devices like VR headsets or tablets, making real-time collaboration more effective [75]. For example, during a science experiment simulation, students can outline hypotheses, document results, and analyze data together on the whiteboard [76]. Real-time communication tools, including voice and chat functions, are essential for creating a socially engaging virtual environment [77]. Voice functions enable natural conversations, while text chat provides an alternative for students who prefer written communication or face connectivity challenges [78]. These tools support diverse communication preferences and foster inclusivity [79]. Voice channels are particularly useful for debates and group discussions where real-time articulation of ideas is necessary [80]. Text chat can aid asynchronous interactions or bridge language barriers through built-in translation tools [81].  
Multiple communication modes ensure all students can participate meaningfully, regardless of their preferences or limitations. Document sharing and co-editing capabilities further enhance collaboration by allowing students to work on assignments and projects seamlessly [82]. Platforms like Google Workspace and Microsoft Teams can integrate into the Metaverse classroom, enabling real-time co-authoring of documents, presentations, and spreadsheets [83]. Students can brainstorm on whiteboards, discuss ideas via voice chat, and edit shared documents--all within the virtual environment [84]. This seamless integration mimics real-world collaborative tools, helping students develop essential digital teamwork skills [3]. By enabling students to edit, comment, and share resources, virtual collaboration spaces cultivate a sense of teamwork and prepare them for professional environments [85]. Lastly, teacher facilitation and monitoring tools are crucial for guiding and supervising student interactions [86]. Educators can enter and exit breakout rooms to provide support, offer feedback, and observe group dynamics [87]. These tools help teachers monitor participation, identify areas where students need help, and encourage constructive dialogue [88]. For example, during a debate, teachers can visit breakout rooms to coach students on debate techniques and stimulate critical thinking [89]. These interactions create richer learning experiences by providing tailored support to each group [90]. Ultimately, virtual collaboration spaces in a Metaverse classroom foster teamwork and prepare students for academic and professional success [91].