# Analysis of Driving Behavior of Micromobility Vehicle Users at Mini-Roundabouts
## 3 Results and Discussion
In contrast, the speed profiles of bicycles show a more uniform pattern compared to e-scooters, with less pronounced speed reductions during the entry phase and when driving around the central island. This behavior highlights the greater inherent stability of bicycles, which allows cyclists to maintain smoother and more predictable trajectories, even under geometrically complex conditions [35; 36]. During the exit phase, cyclists tend to increase their speed, which is consistent with the lower geometric complexity (larger exit radii) of this part of the maneuver compared to the circulation phase. This acceleration reflects cyclists' ability to quickly return to a comfortable speed once the turn is completed. Previous studies confirm that cyclists maintain higher and more stable speeds than e-scooters in all phases, which is due to the better control and stability of the vehicle [37; 38]. Based on the zones identified in Figure 3, the areas most frequently traveled by vehicles during the crossing trips were defined. The total number of vehicles for each zone and phase of the trajectory is shown in Table 2, distinguishing between e-scooters and bicycles. Figure 7 shows the percentage distribution of e-scooters and bicycles in the different zones in relation to the phases of the maneuver. A radar chart was used, where the radial axes represent the main variables (i.e., the three phases of the crossing maneuver), while the colored lines indicate the secondary variables (i.e., the zones). The vertices of these lines correspond to the percentage of vehicles occupying each zone. The diagram allows a direct comparison between the two types of micromobility and highlights their respective trends in the entry, circulation, and exit phases. In particular, Figure 7a, which refers to e-scooters, shows the following:  
* Entry phase: The majority of e-scooter users choose Zone 3 (58%), indicating an approach that favors wider trajectories to improve vehicle stability. Zone 2 is used by a significant proportion of users (37%), suggesting that some feel sufficiently safe to adopt an intermediate position (adopting trajectories that are neither too wide nor too narrow), which is likely to allow a quicker transition into traffic around the central island. This finding is consistent with studies showing that wider trajectories allow users to maintain better control over less stable vehicles, especially on sharp bends [31,37]. The presence in Zone 1 is extremely low (around 5%), reflecting a clear tendency to avoid trajectories that are too tight and could compromise stability or increase the risk of a crash. This is consistent with evidence suggesting that e-scooters require more space to maintain stability during transitions and avoid trajectories that increase the likelihood of instability [39,40]. * Circulation phase: E-scooter users predominantly stay in Zone 2 (47%), which provides a balance between proximity to the central island and sufficient space for vehicle control. Significant use of Zone 1 (34%) suggests that some users, who are likely to be more experienced or confident, approach the central island to ride narrower trajectories that are quicker to negotiate. However, 16% of users remain in Zone 3, suggesting that some participants continue to prefer external paths, possibly to reduce the need for sharp steering angles that could destabilize the vehicle. This behavior is supported by research showing that experienced users prefer narrower trajectories to minimize travel distance [41], while less confident users tend to prefer external trajectories to avoid sudden steering adjustments or control difficulties near sharp turns [42]. Zone 4 is occupied by only one user, suggesting that extremely external paths are uncommon in this phase. * Exit phase: Zone 2 is by far the most used (68%), suggesting that intermediate trajectories are predominantly chosen, striking a balance between proximity to the central island and the need to accelerate to exit.