## 4 Discussion
### Analysis of the Current Situation and Recommendations  
Based on the findings of this study, the comprehensive index system of urban green space focuses on the urban green space, the landscape pattern, and the service function of urban green space. Compared with the Urban Landscaping Evaluation Standards, we not only extracted and classified urban green space information by using deep learning models and traditional machine learning, but also applied a combination of hierarchical analysis and an expert scoring method to comprehensively evaluate urban green space information. Within the weight values assigned to the indicator layer, the service radius coverage of urban green zones exhibited the highest value, whereas the landscape fragmentation of urban green zones exhibited the second highest one (Table 4). This result suggests thatcontemporary urban green zone development should not only enhance the quality of green areas, ecological services, and social functions, but also place greater emphasis on the connectivity of urban green spaces. Among the basic quantitative characteristics, the green coverage rate is still that of the highest concern, but the proportion of blue-green space has also received significant attention. In the context of future green space development, it is imperative to not only prioritize the construction of green spaces themselves, but also consider the strategic integration of these spaces with other ecological elements within the urban environment. This approach can enhance the effective use of the ecological service value provided by urban green zones. The findings of the present study indicate that the green zone coverage areas in the parks within the five rings of Beijing are all at a high level, and the grids with high values of tree coverage are mostly concentrated in the southern part of Dongcheng District and the western part of Chaoyang District. Trees dominate the urban green space within the five rings, influencing the size of the overall green coverage values. The standardized results of the greening coverage rate and blue-green space occupation ratio within the five rings of Beijing and different ring belts were all greater than 0.6, and the evaluation grades all reached level II or above. Among them, the standardized results for the fourth-fifth rings were the highest, and that for greening coverage was 0.82, with an evaluation grade of I. The standardized result for the blue-green space ratio was 0.81, also with grade I. The standardized values of arbor irrigation coverage within the Fifth Ring Road and different ring belts were 1, with the evaluation grade reaching I. The proportion of blue-green space within the study area exhibited a resemblance to the distribution of green coverage. In this context, the allocation of parks significantly influences the overall ratio of blue-green space within the area. The overall assessment value of urban green zone information within the study area was 0.74, corresponding to a comprehensive evaluation classification of II. The analysis indicated that the green space within the fifth ring area is adequate, with a commendable level of service capacity and a well-structured landscape. However, several deficiencies persist. First, there is a notable lack of diversity in the region's green spaces, as evidenced by a diversity index of 0.44. Second, the fragmentation of green spaces within central urban areas is apparent. Third, the connectivity between green space patches is suboptimal, as reflected by a connectivity index of 0.64. Fourth, there is a service blind spot for park green spaces in the southeastern section of the fifth ring. These issues hinder the effective realization of the ecological functions and values associated with urban green spaces. To enhance the ecological functionality of green spaces, development of a green space system that aligns with the requirements of social development is essential, based on the principles of landscape ecology pertaining to green spaces.