# Antioxidant, Antibacterial, and Cosmeceutical Potential of Four Common Edible Mushrooms
## 3 Results and Discussion
### Cosmeceutical Properties of Mushroom Extracts  
The pursuit of ingredients of natural origin with bioactive effects is a constant in the cosmetic industry. In this regard, we evaluated the capacity of each mushroom extract to inhibit the activity of skin-related enzymes, namely, hyaluronidase and tyrosinase, which have direct implications in skin aging, one of the main targets of the cosmetic industry. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & & \multicolumn{2}{c}{_A. bisporus_} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{_B. edulis_} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{_L. edodes_} & _P. ostreatus_ & CN \\ \cline{3-10}
**Bacterial Isolates** & **Code** & **MIC** & **MRC** & **MIC** & **MRC** & **MIC** & **MRC** & **MIC** & **MRC** & **MIC** \\ \hline Gram-positive & & & & & & & & & & \\ \hline _Entracoccus facium_ & MMC 531-B & 20 & \textgreater{}20 & 20 & \textgreater{}20 & 10 & \textgreater{}20 & 10 & \textgreater{}20 & \textgreater{}156 \\ _MS Staphylococcus aureus_ & MMC 109 & 10 & 10 & 10 & 10 & 20 & 20 & 20 & \textgreater{}20 & \textgreater{}156 \\ MR _Staphylococcus aureus_ & MMC 534-B & 20 & 20 & 20 & 20 & 20 & 20 & NI & - & \textless{}0.156 \\ _Meta Staphylococcus aureus_ & MMC 565-A & 20 & 20 & 5 & 10 & NI & - & NI & - & \textless{}0.156 \\ _Staphylococcus aureus_ & ATCC 25923 & 20 & 20 & 20 & 20 & NI & - & NI & - & \textless{}0.156 \\ \hline Gram-negative & & & & & & & & & & \\ _Acinetobacter humanii_ & MMC 525 & 10 & 10 & 10 & 10 & 20 & 20 & NI & - & \textgreater{}20 \\ _Enterobacter aerogenes_ & MMC 534-A & 20 & 20 & 20 & 20 & 20 & \textgreater{}20 & 20 & \textgreater{}20 & \textgreater{}156 \\ _Klebsiella pneumoniae_ & MJH 513 & NI & - & 20 & 20 & NI & - & NI & - & \textless{}0.156 \\ _Pseudomonas aeruginosa_ & MJH 540 & NI & - & 20 & 20 & NI & - & NI & - & \textless{}0.156 \\ _Escherichia coli_ & ATCC 25922 & 20 & 20 & 10 & 10 & 20 & 20 & 20 & 20 & \textless{}0.156 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC; mg/mL) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC; mg/mL) for ethanolic extracts of four edible mushroom species. The anti-hyaluuronidase activity of mushroom extracts has been assessed to determine their potential as anti-aging and anti-inflammatory agents [57]. Table 4 shows the percentage of inhibition of the hyaluronidase enzyme of each mushroom species at three known extract concentrations (0.1, 1, and 10 mg DE/mL). Comparing the four species under analysis, the ethanolic extract of _A. bisporus_ demonstrated the most significant capacity to inhibit the enzyme hyaluronidase at 1 and 10 mg DE/mL, with values reaching 43.0 \(\pm\) 7.1% and 74.4 \(\pm\) 7.5%, respectively, and an IC\({}_{50}\) of 5.4 \(\pm\) 0.4 mg DE/mL. Recently, [PERSON] et al. [58] also assessed the hyaluronidase inhibitory activity of brown _A. bisporus_ extracts. The authors found that, at 1 mg/mL, the ethanolic and the aqueous extracts inhibited the hyaluronidase enzyme by 55.03 \(\pm\) 0.25 and 55.94 \(\pm\) 3.98%, respectively. At the same concentration, our results are only slightly lower. Nevertheless, at the higher concentration of the extract (10 mg DE/mL), the inhibition percentage reached was considerably higher. Thus, _A. bisporus_ extract could be considered a good candidate as a skin anti-aging agent. In our study, the extracts of _B. edulis, L. edodes_, and _P. ostreatus_ did not show anti-hyaluuronidase activity. Furthermore, these same extracts did not show a dose response; hence, the IC\({}_{50}\) values are not displayed. On the contrary, [PERSON] and co-workers [57] demonstrated that aqueous extracts of _P. ostreatus_, at 10 mg/mL, reached above 50% inhibition of hyaluronidase. In another study, carried out on a different species of _Pleutrotus_[59], no activity against the hyaluronidase enzyme was observed. Our results suggest that extracts of _A. bisporus_ could be incorporated into anti-aging natural formulations, since it displays excellent levels of hyaluronidase enzyme inhibition. Indeed, there are already commercial products that incorporate extracts of _A.