# Change of Competences in the Context of Industry 4.0 Implementation
## 1 Introduction  
In recent years, a new paradigm--the so-called fourth industrial revolution--has been defined with the potential to take industrial processes to higher level [1]. Industry 4.0 can be defined as an industrial vision that enables the interconnection of people, things, and machines in real time, thus interconnecting the necessary information between them. The new trend represented by the fourth industrial revolution of connecting digital and physical systems creates new challenges for organisations in their search for new ways of how to apply the concepts of Industry 4.0 and to prepare the workforce for it. Realising the full potential of Industry 4.0 is linked to companies' need to understand the new technologies and their opportunities [2]. Industry 4.0 generates notable benefits which lead to a rise in productivity and customer satisfaction, and an enhanced ability for innovation [3]. Industry 4.0 concentrates on intelligent processes within the industrial system, these processes being driven by technologies classified as digital such as IoT, Big Data, CPS and Cloud Computing (see Figure 1) provide continuous data capture and also, by utilisation of intelligent sensors, a real-time monitoring of individual processes. The entire system of process monitoring, data collection and data processing is mainly implemented by using the Internet and transferring this captured data to large storages within the organisation [4]. Industry 4.0 brings new solutions to achieve flexibility and high performance, allowing machines to communicate with each other and use all data inside and outside the industrial process. This allows machines and equipment to operate autonomously and efficiently. This also makes the communication between machines and humans easier, whatever their location, and enables the interaction of multiple devices [5]. Despite the fact that Industry 4.0 is still in its early stages, a lot of business leaders and digital visionaries are already looking ahead to Industry 5.0, which will involve autonomous manufacturing as well as human intelligence and personalisable autonomous manufacturing. Three billion more individuals are expected to access the Internet by 2025 due to the Internet's rapid growth and dispersion. Because change is inevitable, but success is not, we should put a lot of time and care into what we are doing and what we want to do [6]. **Internet of Things (IoT)**  
As we begin to move towards intelligent organisations in the fourth industrial revolution, communication and simultaneous access to information will take place within the organisation as a whole rather than just between individuals. The Internet of Things will be used by every object (human or machine), defined in a cyber-physical system for communication [7]. With the facilitation of any network or path, the Internet of Things (IoT) makes it possible to link people and things at anytime, anywhere, with anything and anybody. The term \"IIoT\" refers to the application of IoT in industrial organisations and describes how the technology is being integrated into the industry by connecting sensors, control systems, connected machines and devices, Big Data and security [8]. **Cloud Computing**  
In conjunction with IoT, cloud computing makes it possible to store, process, and analyse enormous amounts of data, which helps to execute large-scale simulations of numerous aspects of industrial organisations [9; 10]. According to [PERSON]'s research, one of the most popular technical approaches for data collection, processing and further usage in the corporate environment is Cloud computing [11]. **CPS**  
Cyber-physical systems integrate data, communications, the Internet, and services with the real world and the virtual world of IT and software. The implementation of CPS by conducting using of the IoT in industrial organisations contributes to the creation of enormous quantities of data that are both difficult to analyse and important.