## 1 Introduction
It was found that geometric discontinuities and bending at the FRP ring gap increased local strains, leading to earlier rupture. Additionally, the effects of adhesive properties, FRP stiffness, overlap geometry, and friction were examined, further elucidating the behavior of these materials. Further examining composite structures, [PERSON] et al. [11] investigated thick, \(\pm 55^{\circ}\) filament-wound glass/epoxy tubes for offshore applications using quasi-static tests. They developed a redesigned fixture system that reduced the edge stress concentration during split-disk tensile tests on pipes with an 86 mm diameter and a thickness of 6.2 mm. Testing both notched and unnotched specimens revealed that increased notch size and number reduced the yield stress and increased the yield strain, negatively impacting the structural integrity. Another paper [12] focused on stress and strain distribution in the longitudinal and circumferential directions of glass-polyester composite pipes under tensile testing, widely used in chemical and process industries. Tension tests on flat samples and rings from \(\pm 55^{\circ}\) filament-wound pipes determined the tensile strengths in both directions. A modified split-disk test (ASTM D 2290 [20]) was considered in [13] to assess the stress-strain behavior of two GFRP rings using a simple specimen preparation method. GFRP-confined glass fiber rings of 1.75 mm, 2.50 mm, and 3.25 mm thicknesses, wrapped with E-glass and S-glass fabrics, underwent uni-axial tensile testing. The results for the E-glass composites were compared to those of the S-glass composites. Finite element simulations of selected specimens were also conducted by the authors, yielding strain efficiency factors that align well with the experimental data for design applications. A significant focus of research in the specialized literature is the effect of environmental exposure on the degradation mechanisms of FRP materials. [PERSON] et al. [21] investigated the degradation of GFRP laminates under accelerated aging, highlighting the challenges in predicting long-term degradation, particularly under salt fog exposure. The authors of the paper [17] explored the impact of accelerated thermal and hydrothermal aging on E-glass fiber-reinforced epoxy resin composite pipes, emphasizing how hydrothermal conditions severely affect the mechanical properties. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [15] studied the effects of strong acids on glass-polyester GRP pipes, demonstrating the detrimental effects of acidic environments on mechanical performance. Additionally, research on the tensile properties of glass-polyester pipes exposed to various acidic and alkaline solutions [16] found that alkaline exposure led to a significant reduction in the tensile properties, particularly with higher alkalinity, while acid treatments improved properties such as the tensile strength and elasticity. The study also observed substantial changes in weight, impact resistance, flexural strength, and hardness in glass-polyester GRP pipes exposed to strong acids, with sulfuric acid causing the most significant loss in strength, as revealed by X-ray diffraction analysis. Similarly, [PERSON] et al. [22] used acoustic emission techniques to investigate aging damage in GFRP pipes subjected to acidic conditions and external mechanical loads, identifying matrix cracking and delamination as primary degradation mechanisms. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [23] applied molecular dynamics simulations to study GFRP degradation in seawater, showing reductions in the Young's modulus and interlaminar strength with increasing seawater content and temperature. The present study presents a significant advancement in understanding the mechanical properties of GFRP pipes by investigating their behavior in the circumferential direction using the split-disk method, particularly under aggressive environmental conditions.