# Review of Smart-Home Security Using the Internet of Things
## 2 Related Works
Despite the significant requirements for IDSs, the convenience that IoT systems provide for home security makes researchers persist in identifying solutions to the problems that IDSs face [23; 24; 25; 26; 27; 28]. Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology offers an important contribution to IDS security by facilitating the interfacing of smart devices in a smart home [33]. This article will delve into the security issues and technologies identified for smart homes, starting with an analysis of the architecture layers of an IoT system. The heterogeneity of smart-home devices is a major weakness of the IoT system [24; 34; 35]. A suggested solution for ensuring a safe home environment involves the use of a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) that utilizes IoT technology to provide various services [36; 37; 38]. The sensors in the network detect and track movements and interact with each other to provide useful information to the system. Researchers are studying WSN to ensure the privacy and security of the entire home environment, as there are threats and attacks that can be received by a smart home using IoT technology. The proposed solutions are categorized based on the threats and attacks that the system can face. However, the privacy and confidentiality of information remain a significant challenge for researchers. The rapid development of intelligent devices, particularly mobile devices, is not keeping pace with the development of protocols and security systems, which means that these devices are increasingly used in IoT technologies without the required security and protection of the system [39]. Therefore, the creation of smart devices supported by strong security protocols should be the first concern to ensure the security and privacy of the smart-home environment. In this environment, all smart devices interact with each other automatically, and the data managed by each device are sent to a central unit to process. The system should be able to detect potential malicious devices that attempt to gain access to it by pretending to be part of the legitimate system. The heterogeneity in the interface options of smart devices is a significant issue that needs to be solved by defining a sufficient architecture with strong protection protocols. This creates the need for research into security, integrity, confidentiality, and energy-efficient methods [27; 40]. The IoT mainly consists of devices that operate with low power and small memory, which requires the system to respond with the lowest possible computing power and energy consumption. However, sending data to the cloud or the fog layers can open a huge portal for the interception of this data, while natural disasters, such as a fire, can cause the system to collapse. The different security protocols and capabilities of different devices also pose a challenge to the cooperation and compatibility of the system. The system is susceptible to different type of attacks based on the related layers of the IoT architecture, which are analyzed in the following sections. Other surveys are examining not the smart-home environment itself, but specific types of devices. For example, [PERSON] et al. [41] studied the security of home assistants, [PERSON] et al. [42] examined smart TVs, and [PERSON] et al. [43] analyzed mixed-reality solutions. This study takes into account modern design approaches (e.g., [19]) that decompose the analysis of a smart-home system into four layers (application, perception, network, physical) and propose a unified architecture. Moreover, this research is not just an analyses of the generic IoT features and their security implications, but also examines a series of equipment and solutions that can be actually found in a home environment. This includes analysis of the security particularities of smart-home assistants, TVs, AR/VR glasses, vacuums, locks, sensors, etc. To our knowledge, this is the first paper that researches the security implications of a quite complete list of smart-home devices and follows the modern smart home and IoT architectures.