## 1 Introduction
Consequently, the current state of knowledge fails to offer comprehensive insights into predicting the curing efficacy of epoxy polymers, primarily attributed to the ongoing ambiguity surrounding the underlying mechanisms governing their curing behavior. The study on the solidification mechanism of epoxy polymers in sand endeavors to unveil the fundamental principles governing the solidification process, to facilitate the widespread adoption of soil solidification techniques utilizing epoxy polymers, and to furnish a robust theoretical foundation and technical guidance for practical implementation. Molecular dynamics simulation methods have established themselves as valuable research approaches for studying the formation mechanisms of materials at the nanoscale [26; 27; 28; 29]. The macroscopic properties of epoxy copolymer curing agents are intrinsically governed by their nanoscale. Molecular dynamics simulation enables the precise quantification of intermolecular interactions among diverse materials, facilitating a comprehensive molecular-level comprehension of the intricate mechanisms governing their interplay [30; 31; 32]. [PERSON] et al. [33] conduct a comprehensive molecular dynamics investigation on the adsorption and modification mechanisms of polymer curing agents, and the study crucially demonstrates the paramount importance of the functional groups of the polymers in the adsorption process. [PERSON] et al. [25] employ the molecular dynamics method to investigate the thermomechanical properties of molecular structures influenced by epoxy resin curing agents, and the findings reveal a direct relationship between the length of the molecular chain and the polarity of functional groups, indicating that longer chains and smaller polarity of functional groups diminish the thermomechanical properties of the curing process. Nevertheless, a comprehensive investigation utilizing molecular dynamics methods to delve into the nanoscale mechanisms governing the curing of epoxy polymers in sand remains noticeably absent in existing research. Moreover, the precise mechanisms governing the interaction between epoxy polymer curing agents and sand remain uncertain. Therefore, there is a compelling imperative to employ a molecular dynamics simulation to decipher the intricate mechanisms underlying the curing process of epoxy polymers in sand. The physical adsorption process stands as a pivotal stage during the material curing process, dictating the specific mode of bonding between the curing agent and the surface of the sand particles [34]. [PERSON] et al. [35] conduct a study on the adsorption mechanism of a branched quaternary ammonium salt gemini surfactant at the water-quartz-water interface, unveiling the underlying microscopic adsorption mechanism of the surfactant on the quartz surface. [PERSON] et al. [36] conduct a molecular dynamics study to examine the adsorption behavior of six polymers on quartz surfaces in different salinities. The findings reveal that the favorable or unfavorable adsorption of the polymers is predominantly governed by their electrical charge, highlighting the influential role of salinity in mediating this process. [PERSON] et al. [37] conduct a study on the adsorption mechanisms of 3-dodecyloxypropylamine, 3-tetradacyloxyppropylamine, and dodecylamine on the quartz (1 0 1) surface, employing a combination of micro-flotation experiments and an ab initio molecular dynamics simulation. The aforementioned studies on the adsorption mechanisms of polymers on quartz, based on molecular simulation, have yielded some preliminary results. Nevertheless, it is worth noting that the polymers investigated in these studies do not feature epoxy groups, making their research systems distinct from the epoxy polymer-soil systems employed in the solidification of sand. Consequently, the obtained findings are not directly transferrable to the solidification of epoxy polymers in sand. Therefore, it is imperative to undertake pertinent investigations regarding the adsorption of epoxy polymers on the surface of sand.