# Novel Processing Methods of Low-Clinker Multi-Component Cementitious Materials--A Review
## 5 Concluding Remarks and Future Perspectives  
A rising range of cementitious materials and concrete are being produced at the laboratory scale using non-ionizing radiation. Many of these materials can now be created by employing microwaves, sonication, and magnetic fields, as well as by moving beyond the restrictions of standard preparation procedures, as illustrated by the recent selection of innovative constituents and concrete mixture formulations. The following features of cementitious mixtures are affected by power ultrasound treatment US-T and Magnetic Field Treatment (MF-T):  
- Particle dispersion in the mixes,  
- Rheological properties of the mixes,  
- The setting time and the heat of hydration of cement,  
- The early and the late strength,  
- The capillary porosity,  
- Concrete durability indicators.  
On the other hand, the microwave treatment MW-T is found to be beneficial for recycled aggregate preparation and the effective curing of concrete. However, at present, the applicability of these techniques for low-clinker cement materials has not been demon  
Figure 15: Microwave modification and recovery of recycled aggregates (open access status) [153].  
strated convincingly. In particular, the effects of increased temperature during US-T have not been clearly distinguished from the actual effects of power during US-T. The semi-industrial trials are also lacking.  
The beneficiation of constituents and their more effective dispersion in concrete mixtures still need a better explanation. From the standpoint of material science, further research is needed to identify the specific effects of these novel preparation methods on the fundamental physicochemical processes determining the properties of early-age concrete. [PERSON] et al.'s model [56] identified the principal phenomena that control the early hydration kinetics of cement, including the dissolution of clinker phases, the initiation of the precipitation of solid products either homogeneously in solution or heterogeneously on a solid surface, the diffusion of solution components through the pore volume of cement paste, and the growth of hydration products. The identification of the diffusive properties of low-clinker cementitious materials, such as CEM II/C-M [6], developed utilizing innovative preparation procedures, will be intriguing. It is still important to create applicable, thorough hydration models for low-clinker cement types with high slag and limestone content. Then, the model's parameters could be discovered. Therefore, an empirical study can currently be undertaken to determine the benefits of the suggested material-preparation techniques for low-carbon-footprint materials. But this might also involve more advanced research on combining these techniques. It is anticipated that new improvements in advanced material preparation, which will eventually replace simple constituent mixing, will have a considerable impact on the creation of highly engineered concrete mixtures for the green construction industry.  
Conceptualization, P.L.; writing--original draft preparation, P.L.; data curation, P.L.; formal analysis, P.L.; investigation, P.L.; methodology, P.L.; validation, P.L.; visualization, P.L.; writing--review and editing, P.L. and M.A.G.; supervision, M.A.G. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
This research received no external funding.  
Not applicable.  
Data Availability Statement: Data are contained within the article.  
The authors declare no conflict of interest.