# Enhanced Routing Algorithm Based on Reinforcement Machine Learning--A Case of VoIP Service
## 5 Results and Discussions
The overhead results for scenario P considering AMR-WB Modes 2 and 8 are shown in Table 11.  
The overhead results presented in Table 11 show that the e-RLRP reduced the overhead in relation to the RLRP by approximately 7%, and also got better results than BATMAN and OLSR protocols. This happens because the e-RLRP reduced the frequency of sending Hello messages. Similarly, the same network performance parameters are evaluated in R scenario. The Throughput, _Ppl_ when nodes are shut down 3 times are presented in Tables 12 and 13, respectively. As can be observed in Tables 12 and 13, the OLSR had the worst performance considering _Ppl_ and Throughput, which is explained by the use of RL in e-RLRP and RLRP, and by the BATMAN OGM message mechanism. The e-RLRP reached similar throughput results to the other protocols, but in some scenarios, the Ppl had a significant reduction with e-RLRP. The overhead when nodes are shut down 3 times are presented in Table 14. The results presented in the Table 14 demonstrate that the overhead of e-RLRP is lower than that of RLRP, reaching in some scenarios a reduction close to 18%. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**AMR-WB Mode-8**} & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**AMR-WB Mode-2**} \\ \hline  & **T1** & **T2** & **T3** & **T4** & **T1** & **T2** & **T3** & **T4** \\ \hline e-RLRP & **1.00** & **0.73** & **0.64** & **0.58** & **1.01** & **0.72** & **0.65** & **0.63** \\ RLRP & 1.85 & 0.85 & 0.72 & 0.71 & 1.72 & 0.81 & 0.75 & 0.76 \\ Batman & 1.86 & 1.49 & 1.39 & 1.25 & 1.79 & 1.51 & 1.35 & 1.32 \\ OLSR & 5.60 & 3.25 & 1.78 & 1.65 & 5.40 & 3.02 & 1.71 & 1.67 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 13: _Ppl_ (%) Obtained in Scenario R with Three Drops considering AMR-WB Modes 2 and 8. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline  & **Mode 8 (kbps)** & **Mode 2 (kbps)** \\ \hline e-RLRP & **2.80** & **2.75** \\ RLRP & 2.90 & 2.84 \\ Batman & 6.90 & 6.50 \\ OLSR & 2.88 & 2.80 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 11: Overhead (kbps) Obtained in Scenario P considering AMR-WB Modes 2 and 8. The Throughput, _Ppl_ and Overhead when nodes are shut down 5 times are presented in Tables 15-17, respectively. According to the results obtained in a Five Drops scenario, the e-RLRP and RLRP algorithm performed better than BATMAN and OLSR. Also, the e-RLRP obtained an overhead reduction and _Ppl_ lower values in relation to RLRP. Similarly, the Throughput, _Ppl_ and overhead, when nodes are shut down 7 times, are presented in Tables 18-20, respectively. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**AMR-WB Mode-8**} & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**AMR-WB Mode-2**} \\ \hline  & **T1** & **T2** & **T3** & **T4** & **T1** & **T2** & **T3** & **T4** \\ \hline  & **(kbps)** & **(kbps)** & **(kbps)** & **(kbps)** & **(kbps)** & **(kbps)** & **(kbps)** & **(kbps)** \\ \hline e-RLRP & **38.98** & **39.11** & **39.28** & 39.28 & **28.06** & **28.20** & **28.23** & **28.21** \\ RLRP & 38.97 & 39.01 & 39.16 & 39.23 & 28.01 & 28.05 & 28.16 & 28.19 \\ Batman & 38.48 & 38.20 & 38.88 & 38.95 & 27.68 & 27.47 & _27.87_ & _27.99_ \\ OLSR & 38.03 & 38.38 & 38.60 & 38.64 & 27.32 & 27.59 & 27.73 & 27.74 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 15: Throughput (kbps) Obtained in Scenario R with Five Drops considering AMR-WB Modes 2 and 8. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**AMR-WB Mode-8**} & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**AMR-WB Mode-2**} \\ \hline  & **T1** & **T2** & **T3** & **T4** & **T1** & **T2** & **T3** & **T4** \\ \hline  & **(kbps)** & **(kbps)** & **(kbps)** & **(kbps)** & **(kbps)** & **(kbps)** & **(kbps)** & **(kbps)** \\ \hline e-RLRP & **2.90** & **2.98** & **3.01** & **3.03** & **2.86** & **2.94** & **2.98** & **3.02** \\ RLRP & 2.94 & 3.14 & 3.88 & 3.95 & 2.92 & 3.09 & 3.78 & 3.90 \\ Batman & 11.05 & 11.20 & 11.40 & 11.48 & 11.01 & 11.00 & 11.30 & 11.38 \\ OLSR & 3.16 & 3.70 & 4.67 & 4.72 & 3.12 & 3.75 & 4.52 & 4.61 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}