esa-sceva/satcom-chunk-collection huggingface dataset:
## 2 Methodology  
Microwave interferometry based on processing multiple observations from radio astronomy observatories over the Earth provides the highest angular resolution ever achieved [22]. It has also been successfully used for the formation of black hole images by means of the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) collaboration [23; 24]. Interferometric techniques can be used for deep-space probe tracking [25] and satellite navigation [26]. In addition, it is the most suitable technique in order to track signals of opportunity owing to other techniques, such as Doppler Orbitography and Radiopositioning Integrated by Satellite (DORIS), Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR), and GNSS navigation, require the spacecraft to be equipped with dedicated on-board instrumentation [27]. Since there are no Earth observation radars in GEO yet, current geostationary telecommunication satellites can be used as transmitters of opportunity to validate the proposed technique. The Astra 19.2\({}^{\circ}\)E constellation has been chosen due to its excellent coverage of DVB-S TV signals over Europe.
# Enhancing the 3 GPP V2X Architecture with Information-Centric Networking
## 2 V2X Communications in 3 GPP
### V2X Communications over the PC5 Interface  
In 3 GPP Release 14 [7], the PC5 interface has been initially customized to handle V2X communications, as discussed in the following.  
**Operation modes.** The access layer of the PC5 interface has been optimized to work in environments with high node mobility and under high-density conditions. Two schemes for the allocation of radio resources have been specified:  
* _Mode 3_ (or scheduled), according to which resource scheduling and interference management on the sidelink are assisted by the eNodeB, via control signaling over the LTE-Uu interface.
* _Mode 4_ (or autonomous), according to which resource scheduling and interference management on the sidelink are based on distributed algorithms implemented in vehicles. It is the only option for out-of-coverage conditions.  
**Broadcast communications.** V2X communications over the PC5 interface are inherently broadcast, typically targeting multiple (either unknown) nodes with a single transmission. They are also  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**Communication Modes** & **V2V, V2P, V2I** & **V2N** \\ \hline
**Radio interface** & PC5 & LTE-Uu \\
**Spectrum** & 5.9 GHz & 3.5 GHz \\
**Traffic primitive** & Multicast/Broadcast & Unicast, Multicast (eMBMS) \\
**Traffic type** & IPv6, non-IP & IPv6 \\
**Access mode** & Newly added Scheduled and Autonomous modes & Legacy mode \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 1: Main features of V2X communication modes.  
Figure 1: V2X communication modes and main 3 GPP V2X-related entities.  
connection_s: no signalling for connection establishment and neighbor discovery procedures is required on the sidelink [2]. This is to ensure that critical data (e.g., safety alerts) are promptly exchanged in a dynamic environment, where the topology rapidly changes and, consequently, connectivity is short lived.  
**Multiple networking protocols.** Both IP-based (IPv6) and non-IP based V2X messages are allowed in the 3 GPP V2X architecture [2]. The major case for non-IP protocol support is the IEEE 1609 WAVE Short Message Protocol (WSDP) [8] specified for V2X safety communications, which can run directly on top of layer 2 without the burden of the IP overhead.
# Simulation Study of Thermal-Mechanical Coupling Fretting Wear of Ti-6 Al-4V Alloy
## 3 Finite Element Model
### Loading History  
The loading procedure for the simulation test is broken down into two phases. The first analysis step type is a static analysis step, and the second analysis step type is a coupled temperature-displacement analysis step. The load is applied to the top surface of the cylinder specimen, so the multipoint constraint (MPC) is used to apply the load. The MPC constrains the degrees of freedom of the slave surface (upper surface) to the degrees of freedom of the master point (the reference point set in the middle of the upper surface). The loading process of the finite element model is shown in Figure 4.  
In Figure 4, the horizontal coordinates are the steps, and the vertical coordinates are the loads. Step 1 is the static analysis step, and Step 2 is the transient temperature-displacement coupling analysis step; the time step length of both steps is 1. Figure 4a shows the loading process with the constant normal load. In Step 1, the normal concentrated load F is applied to the top central reference point of the cylinder specimen to establish contact. The load F reached a maximum value of 185 N at the end of Step 1 and was kept constant in Step 2. In Step 2, the cyclic tangential displacement load S in the form of a triangle was also applied to the reference point to create slip. The magnitude of S was 25 \(\upmu\)m and was cycled 500 times in Step 2.  
Figure 4b,c shows the loading process of the normal load acting in sine and triangle forms, respectively. The initial value is the value of load F at the end of analysis Step 1, and the sine and triangle amplitudes are applied in analysis during Step 2. When the normal load is in a triangle or sine form, there is no phase difference between the normal load F and the tangential displacement load S.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline
**Parameter** & **Value** \\ \hline E\({}_{0}\) (MPa) & 114,582 \\ E\({}_{\text{s}}\) (MPa/\({}^{\circ}\)C) & \(-97.6\) \\ \(\alpha_{\text{y0}}\) (MPa) & 927.3 \\ \(\alpha_{\text{ys}}\) (MPa/\({}^{\circ}\)C) & \(-0.908\) \\ v & 0.34 \\ Coefficient of thermal expansion \(\alpha_{\text{T}}\) & \(8.7\times 10^{-6}\) \\ T\({}_{0}\) & 25 \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 1: Ti-6 Al-4V material parameters [35].  
Figure 4: Loading history. (**a**) Constant normal load; (**b**) sine normal load; (**c**) triangular normal load.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline
**Temperature (\({}^{\circ}\)C)** & **Thermal Conductivity (W/(m \({}^{\circ}\)C))** & **Specific Heat (J/kg \({}^{\circ}\)C)** & **Density (kg/m\({}^{3}\))** \\ \hline
25 & 7 & 546 & 4420 \\
100 & 7.45 & 562 & 4406 \\
200 & 8.75 & 584 & 4395 \\
300 & 10.15 & 606 & 4381 \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 2: Physical properties of Ti-6 Al-4V with temperature [36].
# A Framework for Attribute-Based Access Control in Processing Big Data with Multiple Sensitivities
## 4 Discussion
### Secure Data Analyst Notebook  
An easy-to-use, consistent, and secure tool that provides the sole data analyst interface for the cluster is needed. This can help ensure that the security settings are consistently enforced by users with multiple authorizations. Examples of currently used data analyst notebooks include Apache HUE and Zeppelin. These notebooks allow flexibility in executing a variety of searches and analytical programs by using the selected ecosystem tools. Areas for enhancement in this domain include ensuring that the tools of analysis are under configuration control and that the security policies are enforced in a verifiable manner. A challenge in current configurations of the Hadoop ecosystem, such as Apache Atlas, is a lack of security enforcement.  
Tools that can be configured to use SSL, HTTPS over REST API interfaces to protect data in transit, and Kerberos and LDAP for authentication and authorizations should be used. For example, Jupyter notebooks depend on a gateway-enabled notebook server, such as Apache Knox or Spark Magic with Livy, to support Kerberos. User impersonation  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Recommended** & **Weaknesses** & **Potential Development** & **Development** \\
**Enhancement** & **Addressed** & **Strategy** & **Difficulty** \\ \hline Secure Data Analysts & Improper Input, SQL Injection & Develop from Apache HUE, & \\ Notebook & (CWE-79 and 89) & Zeppelin or Jupyter Notebooks & Medium-Easy \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Data Security Service Layer} & Improper Authentication & Build upon Ranger plugins and & \\  & (CWE-287) Missing & Hadoop Secure Mode capabilities & Medium-Hard \\ \cline{1-1}  & Authorizations (CWE-862) & (in later versions) & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Management Console} & Improper Restriction of & & \\  & Operations (CWE-119) & Integrate Hadoop Ambari, Ranger, & \\ \cline{1-1}  & Concurrent Execution, Race & and computer-network & \\ \cline{1-1}  & Condition (CWE-362) & security-performance analysis tools & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 5: Implementation considerations were identified in the prototype experiment.  
is used to submit jobs to the cluster, resulting in complicated individual accountability. Unintentional damage can occur when users can take on the credentials of the superuser.
# Plant Extracellular Vesicles: Investigating Their Utilization as Beneficial Nutrients in Diet
## 1 Introduction
EXPO are double-membrane structures, similar to autophagosomes, that fuse with the plasma membrane and release vesicles into the apoplast. EXPO-derived vesicles have a size range of 200-500 nm and are characterized by the presence of the exocytosis complex EXO70E2 [14]. The passage of EVs through the plant cell wall is a key event in the release of P-EVs due to the composition of the cell wall consisting of lignin, pectin, and (hemi-)cellulose fibrils, which make up a dense network with spaces that are smaller than the EVs size. Both a passive and an active process occur in EV passage: the first is based on the dynamics of the cell wall, and the second relies on cell wall-degrading enzymes present in the cytoplasm. Moreover, the spherical structure of P-EVs can change into a tubular one, which could promote cell wall passage [15]. Other types of P-EVs include vesicles originating from vacuoles that the plants use to respond to environmental attacks. For example, the vacuolar content is released outside the cell membrane in vesicular form during pathogen infections, to counteract the dissemination of pathogens within the plant [16]. In Figure 1, a schematic representation of P-EVs biogenesis and release is reported. Besides their physiological functions in plants, it has been reported that P-EVs may provide beneficial effects on human health, by exerting anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory effects, thus gaining a growing interest in the field of biomedicine [17]. For instance, P-EVs from grapefruit, grapes, and ginger have been shown to contribute to gut barrier homeostasis, promoting the enterocytes renewal and alleviating inflammation [13]. In addition, citrus-derived vesicles, particularly those from lemon, have shown antineoplastic effects, by inhibiting cancer cell proliferation through the activation of the programmed cell death mechanisms, both in vitro and in vivo [4]. P-EVs have been reported to enhance the efficacy of phytochemicals by improving their bioavailability, primarily due to the biological protection that the lipid bilayer exerts on its content, thus preserving both stability and activity [18]. Moreover, plant vesicles show excellent biocompatibility, are minimally cytotoxic, and may be derived from any part of plants, especially the leaves and fruits, for application in large-scale production [19]. While mammal EVs are highly characterized, plant vesicles still remain poorly investigated. In this review, we summarize the recent knowledge about the type, nature, and composition of P-EVs, with particular consideration about the antioxidant properties of vesicles obtained from vegetables.
## 4 Simulation Results and Discussion
### Effect of Complexity and Size of Grid Map in Search Time of the Algorithms  
To test the effect of different complexities and sizes of grid maps in the search time of the proposed hybrid algorithm, two different complexity maps and two different area maps are selected for the simulation using the four algorithms mentioned above.  
Figure 9(a) shows a comparison of search times for the four algorithms in the test environments M2 and M5. The results were obtained by repeating the simulations 20 times independently. We can see from the figure that the complexity does not change the trend  
Figure 9: Path planning results with two random static obstacles in test environment M5.  
of the curves, nor change the superiority of APF-IRRT* algorithm over the other three algorithms. It indicates that the proposed APF-RRT* algorithm has a good ability to adapt to the complexity of the map.  
To test the effect of different sizes of grid maps for the proposed algorithm, the test environment M5 was enlarged to 300 m \(\times\) 500 m. The start point and the target point were reset to (10, 290) and (490, 10), and the coordinates of the obstacles were changed proportionally as (205, 135), (205, 170), (235, 215), (140, 185), and (140, 240), respectively. The comparison of the mean search time for 20 independent simulations of the four algorithms is shown in Figure 10b. We can see from the figure that the two curves, except for numerical differences, keep a similar trend. It indicates that the proposed algorithm has a good ability to adapt to the change of the size of the map.
# Data-Driven Voltage Control in Isolated AC Microgrids Subject to Sensor Saturation
## 3 The DAILC Algorithm of Voltage Control Subject to Sensor Saturation  
In this section, we first establish the dynamic linearization model of the DREGU, which lays the groundwork for subsequent controller design. Then, considering the sensor saturation and disturbances encountered in the actual operation of AC microgrids, we design a distributed model-free adaptive iterative learning secondary voltage control algorithm. Finally, through theoretical analysis, we demonstrate that the algorithm ensures that the voltage recovery error converges to a small neighborhood around the origin.
# Semi-Supervised GNSS Scintillations Detection Based on DeepInfomax
## 8 Conclusions  
In this paper, we propose a new semi-supervised architecture for GNSS scintillations detection based on the DeepInfomax approach. We showed that it is possible to reduce by a large amount the number of labeled datapoints to achieve a target performance, decreasing the amount of time human researcher must spend manually labelling datasets. Thanks to the considered architecture, it is possible to process temporal windows of features empowering the capabilities of the model. Furthermore, the overall accuracy and F-score are improved when compared to other machine learning techniques. Future directions include testing of the trained system on datasets as different as possible, in order to verify the generalization capabilities of the proposed method. Moreover, we will optimize the system to further reduce the amount of supervision in the view of switching to an almost fully unsupervised algorithm.  
Conceptualization, G.F., N.L. and F.D.; methodology, G.F., N.L. and F.D.; software, G.F., N.L. and F.D.; validation, G.F., N.L. and F.D.; formal analysis, G.F., N.L. and F.D.; investigation, G.F., N.L. and F.D.; resources, G.F., N.L. and F.D.; data curation, G.F., N.L. and F.D.; writing-original draft preparation, G.F., N.L. and F.D.; writing-review and editing, G.F., N.L. and F.D.; visualization, G.F., N.L. and F.D. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
This research received no external funding.  
The authors would like to thank [PERSON] for the technical help with the preprocessing of the dataset.  
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
## 3 Basic Theoretical Concepts
### Network Simulation  
There are several difficulties in implementing wireless protocols in the real world as they include a testable environment setting and can contain thousands of portable nodes. In addition, it is difficult to build different environments. A protocol is produced that simulates these difficulties, and thus the protocol is tested in several environments to be verified once, the simulation is performed, and the protocol is implemented [22].  
**Simulation**: This is a simple method used to evaluate a test environment and was created to simulate reality. The size of the internet is likely to change. In addition, the statistical results of the simulation provide the ability to evaluate the network performance and the implemented algorithm parts. Design errors in the simulation world are easily corrected rather than being corrected in real models. For this research, Riverbed Modeler v17.5 was used as a tool to simulate the inspection dedicated to the virtual network WLAN and to clarify how to improve performance by routing algorithms. The Riverbed Modeler provides a framework for all proposed studies, including model design, simulation, and analysis of all data, and accurately describes packets. In the simulation editor, configuring the network components and creating parameters are simple [23].
# Golgi Metal Ion Homeostasis in Human Health and Diseases
## 3 Zn\({}^{2+}\) Transporters
### Zn\({}^{2+}\) Transporters  
Zn\({}^{2+}\) homeostasis in the cell is maintained by two primary types of transporters. Depending on their subcellular location, the Zn\({}^{2+}\) transporters (ZnTs)/Solute carrier family 30 (SLC30A) member ZnT1-10 transports Zn\({}^{2+}\) from the cytoplasm into cellular organelles or out of the cell, reducing the cytosolic Zn\({}^{2+}\), whereas the Zrt- and Irr-like proteins (ZIPs)/ Solute carrier family 39 (SLC39A) member ZIP1-14 transports Zn\({}^{2+}\) from organelles or external environment into the cytoplasm. Among these, ZnT4, 5, 6, and 7 [112; 113; 114; 115], and ZIP7, 9, 11, and 13 [116; 117; 118; 119], are found in the ER and/or Golgi, and therefore may regulate Zn\({}^{2+}\) homeostasis in the early secretory pathway. However, the precise localization of some other Zn\({}^{2+}\) transporters is controversial. For example, overexpressed ZIP13 is localized to the Golgi but endogenous ZIP13 is not, although loss of ZIP13 decreases Zn\({}^{2+}\) in the secretory pathway [120].  
The most established function of ER and/or Golgi Zn\({}^{2+}\) transporters is to maintain Zn\({}^{2+}\) homeostasis and supply Zn\({}^{2+}\) to ectoenzymes in the early secretory pathway [121]. ZnT5 recruits ZnT6 to the ER and Golgi membranes to form ZnT5-ZnT6 heterodimers, which cooperates with ZnT7 homodimers to activate Zn\({}^{2+}\)-associated ectoenzymes, including alkaline phosphatases (ALPs) in the Golgi lumen [122]. In ZnT5-7 triple depleted cells, ALP is degraded by lysosomal and proteasomalomal pathways, possibly caused by protein misfolding [122]. ALP activity depends on the Zn\({}^{2+}\) level in the ER and/or Golgi and reflects Zn\({}^{2+}\) concentration in the early secretory pathway [123]. Therefore, ALP activity is commonly used as a Zn\({}^{2+}\) indicator in Zn\({}^{2+}\) homeostasis and transporter-related studies.
# Shock Wave Formation and Cloaking in Hyperelastic Rods
## 1 Introduction
### Problem Statement  
The current research is concerned with studying the propagation of an initially harmonic wave in a semi-infinite hyperelastic rod with a continuous dependence of elastic properties on strain, defined by the Yeoh potential; see Figure 1. The Yeoh potential is known for its almost perfect fit of experimental stress-strain data for a large number of elastomers [54]. It is widely used for modeling the stress-strain behavior of various cross-linked polymers, especially those used in vibration absorbers [55; 56], seismic isolation devices [57], and biological tissues [58].  
Figure 1: (**a**) Semi-infinite rod. (**b**) Harmonic load, applied at the left end.  
In the course of the analytical and numerical studies, it was observed, apparently for the first time, that (i) multiple shock wave fronts are formed and propagate; (ii) wave amplitudes decrease with distance from the edge of the rod; (iii) the specific strain energy decreases with distance with a simultaneous increase in thermal energy; (iv) the speed of propagating shock wave pulses satisfies Equation (1f); and (v) attenuation and, hence, heat generation is heavily dependent on the time-frequency and amplitude of the loading. The observed phenomena may result in a better understanding of the acoustic wave attenuation in various polymer materials, which is caused by the formation and propagation of shock wave fronts. In summary, the observed attenuation of harmonic waves results in a broadband cloaking of fairly remote regions.  
The performed analysis is based on a combination of Cauchy formalism for constructing a secular equation for travelling waves [59; 60; 61; 62] and the Lax-Wendroff explicit numerical scheme for numerical solution of the secular equation [63; 64].
## 2 Materials and Methods
### Satellite Products  
#### 2.3.1 Sentinel-3 OLCI Land Products  
There are three processing levels (i.e., level-0, level-1, and level-2) of OLCI with various data products. OLCI level-1 and 2 data products are freely available to the general public. Products are delivered in full resolution (FR, 300 m) and reduced resolution (RR, 1.2 km) for the same coverage area. The two OLCI level-2 land products of FAPAR and OTCI at FR were used in our study.  
OLCI FAPAR is essential for studying the plant photosynthetic process. The OLCI FAPAR algorithm consists of two steps. First, thebidirectional reflectance factors are \"rectified\", that is, angular effects are removed. Then, the information from the blue channel is used to decontaminate the red and near-infrared bands from any atmospheric influence. Such an approach does not require any assumption on the ambient atmospheric properties [56]. Seasonality comparisons against ground-based measurements have shown that OLCI FAPAR effectively describesthe seasonal changes over various types of crops, and more ground-truth is under collection for validation purposes.  
OTCI is an indicator of canopy chlorophyll content and is a continuation of the MTCI. The formula of OTCI is as follows:  
\[\text{OTCI}=\frac{\text{Band}_{12}-\text{Band}_{11}}{\text{Band}_{11}-\text{ Band}_{10}} \tag{1}\]  
where Band\({}_{12}\), Band\({}_{11}\), and Band\({}_{10}\) are the reflectance in the band centered respectively at 753, 709, and 681 nm of the OLCI sensor. OTCI is easily calculated and strongly correlated with the red-edge position (REP). It is more sensitive to the high chlorophyll content compared to REP [41]. Information on canopy chlorophyll content is an important indication of plant photosynthetic capacity. OTCI ranges from 1 to 6.5. Further validation work of OTCI with additional in situ data is currently performed.  
All of the Sentinel-3 OLCI products in this study were downloaded from the ESA ([[https://scihub.copernicus.eu](https://scihub.copernicus.eu)]([https://scihub.copernicus.eu](https://scihub.copernicus.eu))). The data preprocessing operations include reprojection, resampling and subset; these batch processing operations were accomplished through the ENVI Modeler tool in ENVI 5.5.