## 3 Results and Discussion
### DMTA Results for TPS Films Obtained via Thermocompression (Test 1)  
The values of the storage modulus (E') and the tangent of the loss angle (tan\(\delta\)), depending on the temperature, were determined via DMTA. Tan \(\delta\) curves for TPS/CCU (Figure 2A) and for the TPS/BaU films revealed three relaxation effects. The first, attained at the low temperature range (from \(-60\) to 0 \({}^{\circ}\)C), is related to \(\beta\)-relaxation of the movement of a small size-plasticizer that is bonded with the polysaccharide chains via hydrogen bonds. The second region (for TPS/CCU ca. 30 \({}^{\circ}\)C and for TPS/BaU for max tan \(\delta\) peak) is assigned to \(\alpha\)-relaxation of more mobile, thermally modified starch chains. Analyzing the TPS, the third \(\alpha^{\prime}\)-relaxation (ca. 120 \({}^{\circ}\)C for max tan \(\delta\) peak) is only observed for TPS films with the presence of dissolving plasticizers (DES based on U) so that it can be associated with a dissolved fraction of the polysaccharide by DES [5; 22; 41]. For CCU, the intensity of this peak increased with the increase in U content, and it also seems that \(\alpha\)-relaxation is shifted towards \(\alpha^{\prime}\)-relaxation. This could be related to increased dissolving activity of this DES \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Sample**} & **YM** & **TS** & **EB** & **Thickness** \\  & **[MPa]** & **[MPa]** & **[\%]** & **[mm]** \\ \hline TPS/CCU 1:2 & 32 (\(\pm\)1.6) & 2.2 (\(\pm\)0.1) & 119 (\(\pm\)2.2) & 0.62 (\(\pm\)0.01) \\ TPS/CCU 1:3 & 12 (\(\pm\)0.6) & 1.7 (\(\pm\)0.3) & 131 (\(\pm\)9.2) & 0.58 (\(\pm\)0.02) \\ TPS/CCU 1:4 & 15 (\(\pm\)4.0) & 1.6 (\(\pm\)0.2) & 125 (\(\pm\)8.4) & 0.60 (\(\pm\)0.02) \\ TPS/CCU 1:5 & 22 (\(\pm\)6.9) & 1.8 (\(\pm\)0.3) & 190 (\(\pm\)27.0) & 0.63 (\(\pm\)0.05) \\ \hline TPS/BHU 1:2 & 156 (\(\pm\)22.7) & 3.8 (\(\pm\)0.09) & 74 (\(\pm\)11.6) & 0.60 (\(\pm\)0.02) \\ TPS/BHU 1:3 & 80 (\(\pm\)22.3) & 3.2 (\(\pm\)0.29) & 80 (\(\pm\)9.8) & 0.57 (\(\pm\)0.01) \\ TPS/BHU 1:4 & 77 (\(\pm\)7.8) & 2.3 (\(\pm\)0.30) & 64 (\(\pm\)17.6) & 0.55 (\(\pm\)0.03) \\ TPS/BHU 1:5 & 74 (\(\pm\)22.6) & 2.0 (\(\pm\)0.28) & 49 (\(\pm\)9.3) & 0.57 (\(\pm\)0.00) \\ \hline TPS/BaU 1:2 & 70 (\(\pm\)15.8) & 3.3 (\(\pm\)0.20) & 117 (\(\pm\)2.8) & 0.56 (\(\pm\)0.06) \\ TPS/BaU 1:3 & 30 (\(\pm\)8.9) & 2.2 (\(\pm\)0.17) & 141 (\(\pm\)24.1) & 0.56 (\(\pm\)0.04) \\ TPS/BaU 1:4 & 40 (\(\pm\)9.8) & 2.5 (\(\pm\)0.21) & 159 (\(\pm\)5.0) & 0.54 (\(\pm\)0.02) \\ TPS/BaU 1:5 & 62 (\(\pm\)9.4) & 3.0 (\(\pm\)0.38) & 181 (\(\pm\)8.8) & 0.60 (\(\pm\)0.06) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Mechanical properties of TPS films obtained via thermocompression directly from the premixture (test 1) plasticized with U-based eutectics (YM—Young’s modulus, TS—tensile strength, EB—elongation at break). \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Sample**} & **Extrusion** & **YM** & **TS** & **EB** \\  & **Parameters** & **[MPa]** & **[MPa]** & **[\%]** \\ \hline eTPS/CCU 1:5 & 110/100 & 22 (\(\pm\)2.3) & 1.8 (\(\pm\)0.10) & 170 (\(\pm\)12.2) \\ eTPS/CCU 1:5 & 110/200 & 24 (\(\pm\)2.1) & 2.0 (\(\pm\)0.10) & 188 (\(\pm\)9.3) \\ eTPS/BaU 1:5 & 110/100 & 62 (\(\pm\)13.1) & 2.5 (\(\pm\)0.24) & 96 (\(\pm\)23.9) \\ eTPS/BaU 1:5 & 110/200 & 91 (\(\pm\)14.5) & 2.9 (\(\pm\)0.17) & 166 (\(\pm\)17.6) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Mechanical properties of TPS films obtained via extrusion and thermocompression (test 2). with higher U content [22]. In the case of TPS/CCU films, the temperature of \(\beta\)-relaxation increased with the increase in U content in the DES (peak maximum for TPS/CCU 1:2 is at ca. \(-\)39 \({}^{\circ}\)C and for TPS/CCU 1:5 at ca. \(-\)23 \({}^{\circ}\)C). This can be related to greater differences in T\({}_{\text{g}}\) for CCU than for BaU (Table 1). Comparing the storage modulus curves, there are also differences between TPS with different plasticizers, and they are more visible for samples with CCU.