## 6 SSNs Projects
CitySense targets to build an infrastructure to support a broad range of research projects, also to implement a web-based interface for scheduling, programming, and monitoring its platform in an easy way, and the developed software under CitySense will be released with an open source license, the hardware designs will be published with no restrictions on use and the simulation studies can be experimentally validated using CitySense. 8. **VITRO**[96]: Virtualized dIstrubed plaToRms of smart object, this projects aims to build a link between heterogeneous WSNs platform and cooperative smart objects. That is by developing the required architectures, algorithms and engineering methods, which will enable the realization of scalable, flexible, adaptive, energy-efficient, and trust-aware VSN platforms. To achieve this goal, VITRO platform provides:resource (HW&SW) discovery, allocation, and management of a great collection of heterogeneous smart objects wikk become more easier;
2. the collaboration between inter-objects should be dependable, virtualized, secure and scalable, to ensure energy-efficiency, trust-awareness, and seamless connectivity for good communication in large-scale heterogeneous WSNs; and,
3. expanding the network degree by enabling federated collaboration with external homogeneous objects. VITRO will produce tools that will be packed in a VITRO toolbox that contains middleware, advanced component for core communication and a user-friendly management tool, and it will facilitate the VSN application deployment, configuration, and instant support. 9. **Smart Santander**[97]: this project aims at the creation of an experimental test facility for the research and experimentation of architectures, key enabling technologies, services, and applications for the IoT in an urban landscape. The envisioned facility is conceived as an essential instrument to achieve European leadership on key enabling technologies for IoT, and to provide the European research community with a one and only platform of its characteristics, which is suitable for large scale experiments and an evaluation of the IoT concept under real-life conditions. Thus, smart standard facility is a large scale smart city that was deployed in the Spanish city of Santander, and its testbed supports two types of experiments: IoT native experimentation (WSN experiments) and service provision experiments (applications using real-time real-world generated sensor data). Smart Santander offers different services, like integral traffic management, environmental monitoring parks and garden irrigation, participatory sensing, and augmented reality. All of the gathered information is stored in a large database, which will be allowed for concurrent users once they are authenticated through the web-based interface. IoT infrastructure consists of an IoT node, which gathers required sensing information from the environment as (temperature, noise, light, etc. ), repeaters: which work as forwarding nodes for the gathered information, thus they are placed in a higher level, such as over street light, and the gateway node that is responsible for gathering the sensed data from sensor nodes and sending it through the internet to the project severs. 10. **iCore**[98]: this project is a coherent European approach that targets providing a cognitive management framework and associated functionalities to the IoT, thus it has two main issues, first one is the abstraction of diverse objects heterogeneity and the second is obtaining good reliability to ensure the provision of different applications for concurrent users while obtaining business integrity. This project proposed a cognitive framework that consists of virtual objects (VOs), composite virtual objects (CVOs), and functional blocks, and all are reusable for various applications. VOs are responsible for abstracting the heterogeneity of diverse of real world objects into virtual objects.