## 3 Methodology  
Details relating to the proposed methodology for continuous-variable quantum key distribution with parameter optimization and side channel attack detection based on the 2E-HRIO approach are provided. The key steps of the study technique are system parameter optimization, channel authentication, link failure prediction, channel equalization, and SCA detection. Figure 1 shows the block diagram for the proposed framework.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Authors Name** & **Approach/Focus** & **Key Results** & **Main Limitations** \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [15] & Optimization-based post-processing framework & Higher key-generation efficiency and security vs. standard methods & Failed to address the mitigation of channel loss or noise in quantum transmission. \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [16] & Systematic optimization of modulation variance and error-correction matrices & IR efficiency up to 91.34\% & Measurements of continuous quadrature require intricate, time-consuming error-correction techniques. \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [17] & Measurement-device-agnostic CV-QKD with Noiseless Linear Amplifier (NLA) & Increased key-generation rate and IR efficiency in experiments & Lack of quantum hardware authentication leaves devices open to manipulation. \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [18] & Using Direct Search to optimize parameters, non-Gaussian procedures for long-distance CV-QKD & Enhanced security during transmission; fidelity increases of 161–304\% & Absence of defenses against side-channel assaults \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [19] & Leakage-free modulation with RF heterodyne detection and a baseband IQ modulator & 0.962 frame error rate, indicating strong integrity & Inadequate for extremely long-distance lines, due to its limited transmission range \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [20] & Using Zero-Photon Catalysis (ZPC) quantum catalysis, CV-MDI-QKD & Superior secret-key rates and extended secure distances compared to traditional CV-MDI-QKD & Examined ZPC solely within a single CV-MDI-QKD framework; generalizability remained unverified. \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [21] & DNN-based framework for attack detection, enhanced through differential evolution & Enhanced detection precision compared to current methodologies & Residual security weaknesses not entirely resilient against all forms of attacks. \\ \hline [PERSON] and [PERSON] [22] & Transformation and binary conversion to obscure side-channel data & Improved resistance to side-channel attacks & Significant processing burden and loss of precision hindered real-time implementation. \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [23] & Analysis of noise sources in Gaussian-modulated coherent-state & Attained secure key rates of 3 Mbit/s across a distance of 30 km & Highly susceptible to jitter and excessive noise; performance deteriorated over extended or louder connections. \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [24] & CV-MDI-QKD utilizing Gaussian post-selection to mitigate noise and enhance states & Significantly enhanced security compared to previous CV-MDI-QKD techniques & Efficiency diminished as a result of knowledge loss during post-selection. \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 1: Comparative analysis of the literature survey.