## Project Profile  
### Introduction of the Test Site  
In a certain mine in Shandong, the depth of the coal seams that can be mined is generally between \(-400\) to \(-1500\) m. The main coal resources in the mine are mainly concentrated at the \(-1000\) m level or shallower. The average thickness of coal seams in the mine is 10.15 m, and the coal-bearing coefficient is 4.5%. Layer 3 coal is the main and first coal to be mined, with an average thickness of 6.87 m, accounting for 68% of the average total thickness of the coal seams. The thickness of layer 3 coal is 3.96 to 7.88 m, with an average thickness of 6.87 m, and a unidirectional compressive strength of \(\sigma_{c}\) = 15.82 MPa. The tendency index of rockburst is around WET = 4.58, and the coal seam structure is relatively simple.  
According to the exposure of the coal seam during the excavation of the roadway, it can be observed that there is a hard coal seam approximately 0.55 m thick at a distance of around 2.3 m from the floor of the coal seam. The coal seam and roof-to-floor at the working face are as follows: main roof, generally more than 10 m of fine sandstone; immediate roof, generally around 1 to 2 m of sandy mudstone; immediate floor, generally about 1 to 6 m of muddy sandstone or mudstone, fine sandstone, and muddy sandstone interbedded; main floor, generally more than 7 m of powder sandstone. It belongs to the structure of soft immediate roof-to-floor and hard main roof-to-floor.  
The initial mining face, designated as the 1300 working face, is the first working face located at the southern wing of the upper part of the primary mining area. The length of the working face measures 100 m, while the advance distance of mining operations spans 1263 m. The eastern part of the 1300 working face is the 1301 preparatory working face, and its belt transport down chute serves as the drainage alley for the 1300 face. This face mainly mines three coal seams, which greatly fluctuate along the trough due to structural influences. Both horizontal and inclined coal seams are present in the area. The three coal seams are irregular in direction, tending to the northeast and southeast with dips of 6-12\({}^{\circ}\). The 1301 working face starts opening construction from the south at the door mouth of the second contact tunnel on the east side of the 1300 working face drainage alley, with an opening azimuth of 169\({}^{\circ}\). The west side of the tunnel, 80 m from the 1300 working face, is an auxiliary transportation trough with a depth of 860-920 m. The trough is arranged along the coal seam floor and has a coal body with a thickness of 3-5 m.  
Numerous domestic and international experts have conducted extensive research on this topic, making progress in understanding the mechanisms behind rockburst occurrences, monitoring, early warning, and prevention methods. However, as technology advances, new challenges and complex problems arise, such as the emergence of increasingly novel coal and rock dynamic disasters, such as the rockburst events in the vicinity of the coal mine's fully mechanized longwall face. As a typical deep mine, this coal mine is seriously affected by rockburst and has suffered several rockburst accidents, as shown in Figure 1. In the period 2014-2015 alone, there were six rockburst accidents, of which the mining of the 1300 working face, induced by the 1301 working face belt transport down chute, caused four rockburst accidents, causing huge economic losses to the mine and seriously threatening the safety production of the mine.