# A Review of PCI Express Protocol-Based Systems in Response to 5G Application Demand
## 2 Market Analysis of the PC Industry
### Analysis of the Market for 5G Applications  
When 5G was introduced to the market in 2019, various services led to the increase of the number of physical types of equipment and the number of virtual services in the cloud. Devices and systems related to the PC industry benefited from using these applications, requiring the development of products and strategies for such changeable markets [7]. Gartner(tm) reviewed some technologies in 2021 that were already in the peak phase of inflated expectations. These technologies drove the market to generate expectations for the products and technologies [1; 8]. With cutting-edge requirements being produced in AI, graphs, and storage, these applications increased market demand in the PC industry.  
With respect to the FS_SMARTER service dimension, market perspectives and products involve five dimensions and related business scopes. These are enhanced mobile broadband, critical communications, network operations, massive machine-type communications, and enhancement of vehicle-to-everything, all of which have been deemed fit for service in the 5G environment, and involve high data throughput with high-performance computing systems in terms of AI, IoT, cloud computing, and storage. Each dimension has specific requirements for power and performance. Critical environments and processes specific to the service must deal with market demand for specific designs, as shown in Figure 1[7; 9].  
In 3 GPP, \"5G for industry 4.0\" provides 5G applications for the industrial IoT (Vertical_LAN in Release 16). 5G time-sensitive communications, 5G non-public networks, and 5G LAN-type services were introduced in this version release, which also included enhanced support for the industrial IoT in Release 17[10]. It is expected that the global IoT market, with the growth of 5G and service solution applications in the market, will increase the demand for these applications.  
For 5G applications, there should be a network environment to transition each network slice layer, which connects the infrastructure layer with the physical and virtual resources [5; 6]. For massive machine-type communications, there should be a field sensor with an IoT edge from the network to the backend service. For enhanced mobile broadband, there should be field services with high data throughput through the internet for backend service with data. The enhancement of vehicle-to-everything requires quality of service (QoS) with a trust network slice in 5G application demands [11].  
Software and service requirements enhance IoT business model cross-platform design structures to manage the dedicated IoT market [12]. AI features have produced three main market shares: computer vision, machine learning, and natural language processing. These technologies rely on cloud computing and cloud storage modules [13]. 5G and IoT with edge requirements extend the AI market size. With these demands, various applications and solutions are increasing the edge computing requirements. Azure(tm), AWSTM, HPETM, and Google(tm) deliver solutions for AI and IoT in cloud environments. Applications in edge services must consider data and the performance issues arising from communication [14]. In terms of the next-generation data storage market, it should continue to grow in the cloud environment. AI and IoT with edge data storage applications will also grow the market.  
Market Trends in the PC Industry in AI, IoT, Cloud Computing, and Storage  
The PC market has been influenced by handheld systems, AI, and IoT system usage in recent years. 3 GPP has classified these requirements into five categories: enhanced mobile broadband, critical communication, massive machine-type communications, network operation, and enhancement of vehicle-to-everything in TR 22.891 [9]. The market in each category is multidimensional.  
Over the last few years, there has been a dramatic increase in AI, IoT, and 5G applications, which has produced new markets [12; 14; 15; 16].  
Figure 1: FS_SMARTER service dimension [9].