## 4 Results
### Likert Scale Questionnaire Analysis  
Out of a total of 37 research volunteers, only 22 (13 male and 9 female) answered the optional Likert scale questionnaire after participating in the experiment. With the results, it is possible to perform a post hoc analysis of the internal consistency of the questionnaire. Cronbach's alpha was chosen to measure the consistency of the questionnaire prompts; we obtained a Cronbach's alpha of \(0.752\), with a \(95\%\) confidence interval of \([0.562,0.881]\). The internal consistency of the questionnaire is, thus, considered to be sufficient, and we can proceed with the analysis of the responses of the volunteers. Given that prompts \(P_{5}\) and \(P_{8}\) were worded negatively, the responses must be inverted before any analysis is performed. Prompt P3, although seemingly negatively worded, does not change its meaning when inverted, i.e., if it had been worded as \"Some randomly generated words are more pleasant than others\", it would not have changed participants' responses, since some words being less pleasant than others already implies that some are more pleasant. The same is not true for \(P_{5}\) and \(P_{8}\), which become \"Different random words had an impact on your enjoyment\" and \"The turn-based conversation felt natural\". To obtain the inverted responses \(IR\) from the actual responses \(AR\), the following calculation must be made: \(IR=MS-AR+1\), where \(MS\) is the maximum score of the highest level of agreement; in this paper, it is 5. To obtain the overall attitude toward a prompt, it is necessary to calculate the weighted average, where the value of a given item is multiplied by the number of respondents who chose that level of agreement, summed for each item, and divided by the total number of respondents in the questionnaire. Results of the analysis performed on all prompts can be seen in the box and whisker plots shown in Figures 18 and 19, and the bar plots of each response by male and female volunteers can be seen in Figures 20 and 21. The overall attitude towards the Talk to Kotaro experiment was mostly neutral or slightly negative. Such results were expected after the emotion estimation analysis performed in Section 4.2, since most of the average emotion shown by participants during the experiment had negative valence and low but positive arousal. Figure 17: Comparison between the actual impression and the impression predicted by \(GSIP\) for (**top left**) training data, (**top right**) validation data, and (**bottom**) test data. Figure 19: Male (blue), female (yellow), and everyone’s (green) responses to the optional Likert scale questionnaire’s prompts 6 to 10. The median value of the responses is highlighted in orange, outliers are represented by small circles. Figure 20: Bar plots of the male and female responses to prompts 1 to 5 of the optional Likert scale questionnaire. Figure 18: Male (blue), female (yellow), and everyone’s (green) responses to the optional Likert scale questionnaire’s prompts 1 to 5. The median value of the responses is highlighted in orange, outliers are represented by small circles. \(P_{1}\)--Talking with the robot avatar was interesting  
The general opinion is that talking to the robot avatar was just slightly above neutral, but it must be noted that the most common answer for male respondents was actually that they agreed that talking to [PERSON] was an interesting experience, while most women tied between finding it neutral or slightly interesting experience. There are many factors that could have contributed to such results, but in line with the opinions of participants in [27], talking to a gibberish-speaking robot does not lead to a very enjoyable conversation, even if it is more interesting than the nodding robot. However, it must be noted that the attitude towards the experience of talking to [PERSON] was worse than the attitude towards talking with the Hanamogera-speaking NAO robot in [27]. Such result suggests that GS that has phone distribution tends to perform better than GS that does not.