# Design and Implementation of an IoT-Based Smart Classroom Incubator
## 2 Materials and Methods  
In this study, the most significant variables that influenced smart classroom management were considered as light intensity, temperature, relative humidity rate, air cleanliness, sound intensity and distribution, the amount of dust and particulate matter. The analog and digital data regarding these parameters are monitored as mobile using software. Moreover, the control of parameters was individualized. For example, students can enter the desired temperature value simultaneously and instantly with a button on their desks. In the system, the temperature is not kept constant at ideal or standard values. Instead, the average values of individual differences are calculated and updated dynamically and continuously. Ambient variables and these calculated values are evaluated and controlled by an adaptive algorithm. For example, in addition to sensors, individual heating and cooling units were installed on the desk and table of each student. Because relative humidity rate and temperature are directly correlated with each other, they are controlled together using an additional fan. The level of light intensity needed can also change individually. Therefore, light intensity was kept at a certain value and controlled by taking into account its reflection in the classroom. Air quality is important in terms of the momentary mental efficiency and health of a person. Especially during the pandemic, the cleanliness and sterilization of the environment have gained more importance. These parameters, which affect the learning environment, were controlled. The sound intensity and distribution of the teacher in the classroom were measured, and a sound distribution map was obtained. Sound distribution was made more homogeneous by providing the necessary feedback. This study was conducted in Private Ankara Chamber of Industry Vocational and Technical Anatolian High School classrooms. First, the existing physical conditions of the classrooms in this educational institution were identified: 19 of the 24 classrooms in the school are located on the same facade. The average classroom areas are 51 m\({}^{2}\), and the height of the ceilings is 3.5 m. Class sizes are limited to 24 people. All classrooms have a blowing-type heating and cooling system, roller blinds, and smartboards. Before and after installing the automation system, the data on these variables in the environment were collected with the sensor systems, and their time-dependent web-based records were kept. To determine the increase in efficiency, the experimental group in the classroom with system installation and the control group in the classroom without system installation were lectured. For identical education, both groups were lectured by the same teachers from five different branches. Then, a test covering five different courses was applied to the subjects simultaneously. Afterward, the success of both groups was compared. Identical levels of readiness for education were ensured in both groups. To this end, the percentiles of the secondary education transition exam were taken into consideration. Confirmation was ensured by statistical methods by providing different groups with different education and applying the test a few times. Moreover, the students' satisfaction was measured through surveys. To increase the popularity of this system, hardware with the lowest cost was used. While designing the system, importance was given to ergonomics. Unlike other studies, all the system and measurement instruments were placed in a way that would not affect the learning environment. Thus, the motivation of students and the visual order were not disturbed. The manual control of the ambient conditions such as sound, light, etc., during the lesson can be distracting and affect classroom management. However, this negativity, which is often ignored, was eliminated with the automation in this study. Additionally, this automation system also increases energy efficiency by ensuring more efficient use of the school's heating and lighting resources.