## 4 Conclusions  
The volatilomic composition of spices obtained by volatiles extraction through HS-SPMEOVB/CAR/PDMS followed by GC-qMS analysis revealed a useful strategy for the quality and authenticity purposes of spices. For each investigated spice, the most dominant chemical classes (terpenoids, sesquiterpenoids and carbonyl compounds) and major VOMs (dihydrojuneol, #161, in saffron; cinnamaldehyde, #150, in cinnam; cuminaldehyde, #130, in cumin and curry; caryophyllene, #87, in black pepper; and \(p\)-cymene, #42, in sweet paprika), were determined and established. In addition, the VOMs common to all spices under study, and the VOMs identified only in one spice type were also determined. Even though all of the spices share the plant-related VOMs groups, the combination of both chromatography techniques and chemometrics analysis on the volatile analysis of the spices, resulted in a deep comprehensive characterization of the spices. This can be useful for the authentication analysis, helping with the detection of frauds and adulterations. In addition, some VOMs are part of biologically active compounds and have a high influence on the spice's bioactive potential. This helps in the prevention of certain diseases including cancer, inflammatory-related diseases, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. The following supporting information can be downloaded at: [[https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/molecules27196403/s1](https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/molecules27196403/s1)]([https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/molecules27196403/s1](https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/molecules27196403/s1)), Figure S1: Chromatogram of the volatile fraction of the spice samples obtained by HS-SPME-GC-qMS. The numbers above the peaks indicate the volatile organic metabolites (VOMs) identified in Table 1. Peak number identification: 15--a-pinene, 22--\(\beta\)-pinene, 23--sabniene, 25--a-carene, 27--\(\beta\)-myrcene, 28--a-phellandrene, 31--limonene, 33--eucalypt, 36--terpinene isomer, 39--terpinene isomer, 42--p-cymene, 43--terpinolene, 57--\(\delta\)-elemene, 62--copaene, 67--benzaldehyde, 68--linalool, 78--pinocamphone, 83--\(\delta\)-elemene, 86--terpinen-4-ol, 87--caryophyllene isomer, 104--epizonarene, 108--\(\gamma\)-muurolene, 114--bicyclogermacrene, 115--(-)-\(\delta\)-cadinene, 116--selinene isomer, 117--\(\beta\)-bisabolene, 118--a-muurolene, 119--selinene isomer, 126--\(\delta\)-cadniene, 128--\(\beta\)-sesquiphellandrene, 129--\(\alpha\)-curcumene, 130--cuminaldehyde, 135--geraniol, 138--calameneene, 142--\(\alpha\)-calacorene, 147--caryophyllene ox ide, 150--cinnamaldehyde, 153--y-eudesmol, 155--eugenol, 156--thymol, 161--dihydropanel. ; Table S1: Volatile organic metabolites (VOMs) identified only in a determined spice using HS-SPME\({}_{\text{DVB/CAR/PDMS}}\)/GC-qMS. Conceptualization, S.I., R.P., I.S. and J.S.C. ; methodology, S.I., R.P. and J.S.C. ; software, S.I. and R.P. ; validation, S.I., R.P. and J.S.C. ; formal analysis, S.I. and R.P. ; investigation, S.I. and R.P. ; resources, J.S.C. ; data curation, S.I., R.P. and J.S.C. ; writing--original draft preparation, S.I. and R.P. ; writing--review and editing, S.M.-Z., I.S. and J.S.C. ; visualization, S.M.-Z. ; supervision, I.S. and J.S.C. ; project administration, J.S.C. ; funding acquisition, J.S.C. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. This research was funded by the Comunidad of Madrid and European funding from FSE and FEDER programs (project S2018/ BAA-4393, AVANSECAL-II-CM). This work was also funded by FCT-Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia through the CQM Base Fund--UIDB/00674/2020, and Programmatic Fund--UIDP/00674/2020, and by ARDITI-Agencia Regional para o Desenvolvimento da Investigacao Tecnologia e Inovacao, through the project M1420-01-0145-FEDER-000005--Centro de Quimica da Madeira--CQM+ (Madeira 14-20 Program).