esa-sceva/satcom-chunk-collection huggingface dataset:
## 6 Conclusions
In addition, compliance with industry-specific standards such as ISA/IEC 62443 for industrial control systems' (ICSs) cybersecurity is crucial for ensuring the security of critical infrastructure and industrial operations. Additionally, other approaches such as continuous security monitoring with SIEM, IDS, and EDR systems help detect and respond to threats in real time. In addition, destructive testing in non-production environments can assess resiliency, without putting active systems at risk. In this sense, tools like OpenVAS, Nessus, and SQLmap help in detecting and testing for vulnerabilities. Additionally, implementing secure coding standards, robust code review processes, and security testing in the development lifecycle are also noted as approaches to address novice programming errors and vulnerabilities in AI-generated code. Automated tools like Burp Suite and SonarQube assist in security testing efforts. In this regard, ongoing security awareness and training programs educate developers on secure coding practices to improve organizational security. Regarding the limitations of this work, while the provided example illustrates potential vulnerabilities introduced by generative AI tools, a more thorough examination is needed, ideally with multiple scenarios beyond the current single example. Incorporating analyses that compare code generated by engineers and AI tools of varying expertise levels could provide statistical evidence. Furthermore, practical examples of mitigation strategies, such as modifying prompts to generate attack-resistant code, will be covered in future studies. Future work could focus on investigating additional approaches to address vulnerabilities in self-generated code, such as the development of static analysis tools specifically designed to detect and mitigate these types of security risks. Moreover, further exploration could be carried out into the ethical and social implications of the increasing reliance on AI in software development, as well as the legal and regulatory implications related to liability for self-generated code vulnerabilities. This research received no external funding. The original contributions presented in the study are included in the article, further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding author. I would like to express my very great appreciation to [PERSON] for his valuable and constructive work that helped to improve this research. The author declares no conflicts of interest.
# Condition Monitoring of Industrial Equipment Based on Multi-Variables State Estimate Technique
## 4 Modeling Description
### Incipient Failure Threshold Determination  
#### 4.4.1 Residual Threshold  
Residual threshold is determined for residuals between \(\mathbf{X}_{obs}\) and \(\mathbf{X}_{est}\), and it is a direct vibration monitoring parameter, information contained in vibration component of observation vector is applied. In order to reflect the long-term trend of vibration monitoring and eliminate the influence of measurement errors, residuals sequence is discussed and sliding window is applied. The threshold of average value \(T_{aver}\) is defined as,  
\[T_{aver}=|c_{1}\cdot AVER| \tag{19}\]  
where \(AVER\) is the average residual in a sliding window. The current residual is compared with \(T_{aver}\). The coefficient \(c_{1}\) is determined by operation experience and validation, in this paper, \(c_{1}\) = 2.5.
# Low-Temperature Plasma as an Approach for Inhibiting a Multi-Species Carigenic Biofilm
###### Abstract  
This study aimed to determine how low-temperature plasma (LTP) treatment affects single- and multi-species biofilms formed by _Streptococcus mutans_, _Streptococcus sanguinis_, and _Streptococcus sordoni_ formed on hydroxyapatite discs. LTP was produced by argon gas using the kIN-Pen09 TM (Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology, INP, Greifswald, Germany). Biofilms were treated at a 10 mm distance from the nozzle of the plasma device to the surface of the biofilm per 30 s, 60 s, and 120 s. A 0.89% saline solution and a 0.12% chlorokachine solution were used as negative and positive controls, respectively. Argon flow at three exposure times (30 s, 60 s, and 120 s) was also used as control. Biofilm viability was analyzed by colony-forming units (CFU) recovery and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Multispecies biofilms presented a reduction in viability (\(\log_{10}\) CFU/mL) for all plasma-treated samples when compared to both positive and negative controls (\(p<0.0001\)). In single-species biofilms formed by either _S. mutans_ or _S. sanguinis_, a significant reduction in all exposure times was observed when compared to both positive and negative controls (\(p<0.0001\)). For single-species biofilms formed by _S. sordoni_, the results indicate total elimination of _S. sordoni_ for all exposure times. Low exposure times of LTP affects single- and multi-species cariogenic biofilms, which indicates that the treatment is a promising source for the development of new protocols for the control of dental caries.  
annbacterial; dental caries; _Streptococcus mutans_; _Streptococcus sordoni_; _Streptococcus sanguinis_
## 2 Theoretical Model and Hypotheses
### Based on the Hypotheses of the Research Framework Model
PU increases an individual's sense of utility and performance through innovation, providing additional motivation to continue using the app due to the perceived benefits. Given that the study focuses on seniors, it is important to recognize that their acceptance of new technology may be limited, with PEU playing a crucial role in this process. [PERSON] [46] proposed that PEU is a precursor to PU, rather than being merely parallel to it. Therefore, the proposed relationship between PU and PEU is reasonable. TAM is able to reasonably describe the intent of Asian seniors to use fitness apps. A substantial body of research has been conducted to examine the effects of PEU and PU on behavioral intentions across a range of domains [47]. The existing literature suggests that PEU and PU positively and directly impact behavioral intentions [48]. Researchers like [PERSON] and [PERSON] [49] have found significant links between behavioral intentions and perceived usefulness. However, some studies have shown that while PU is a crucial predictor of attitudes and intentions, PEU may not be [50]. This discrepancy highlights the necessity for further investigation in the current study. Accordingly, the objective of this study is to examine the mediating influence of PEU and PU on behavioral intention, with the formulation of specific hypotheses. **H6:**: _The perceived ease of use of fitness apps by Asian seniors positively influences their perceived usefulness._
**H7:**: _The perceived ease of use of fitness apps by Asian seniors positively influences their behavioral intention to use._
**H8:**: _The perceived usefulness of fitness apps by Asian seniors positively influences their behavioral intention to use._  
The behavioral intention of use (BIU) refers to the intention of older adults to regularly use fitness apps. Behavior of use (BU) indicates the actual behavior of older adults who consistently engage with fitness apps. Behavioral intentions may be defined as self-instructions to perform specific actions in order to achieve a desired outcome [51]. Intention reflects both the level of the stated goal or behavior. A number of social psychological models, including the theory of reasoned action [52], the theory of planned behavior [53], attitude-behavior theory [54], and the protection motivation theory [55], posit that the most direct and significant predictor of an individual's behavior is their behavioral intention. In accordance with the technology acceptance model (TAM), both PEU and PU exert a direct influence on behavioral intention, which in turn affects actual use behavior. Behavioral intention is regarded as the most crucial determinant of actual use behavior [56]. In light of the above, the following hypothesis is proposed. **H9:**: _The behavioral intention of Asian seniors who use fitness apps positively influences their behavior of use._
# 3D Photoacoustic Tomography System Based on Full-View Illumination and Ultrasound Detection
## 3 Results
### Performance Test of the 3D-PACT
#### 3.1.4 Verification Experiment on Large-Scale Imaging  
In order to verify the large-scale imaging characteristics of the system, a photoacoustic tomography experiment was performed using a phantom (a hollow cylinder wrapped with black tape, the diameter is 52 mm), as shown in Figure 7a. Figure 7b shows a photoacoustic image of a cross section. It can be seen that the imaging range of the system could be up to 52 mm in diameter.  
To show the 3D photoacoustic imaging in a wide area, four black polyethylene tubes with large spatial distances were designed as imaging targets, as shown in Figure 8a. Figure 8b is a reconstructed photoacoustic image of the scanning section indicated by the dotted line in the real figure. Figure 8c is one of an A-line signal of the B-scan, in which the four signal peaks correspond to the four polyethylene tubes respectively, and the distance between the signal peaks matches the distance between actual tubes. Figure 8d is a 3D photoacoustic image of the imaging target, and the quantized spatial distance is consistent with those shown in Figure 8a,b. It can be seen that the 3D photoacoustic image could more accurately reflect the information of the phantom, such as shape, size, deformation, and so on. According to the photoacoustic images of this test experiment, it can be concluded that even if there was a large space distance, the target shown in Figure 8a could still be clearly imaged.
# An On-Demand Charging for Connected Target Coverage in WSRNs Using Fuzzy Logic and Q-Learning +
## 5 Performance Evaluation
### Impacts of Parameters  
This section studies the impacts of parameters \(\alpha\) and \(\gamma\) on our proposed algorithm's performance. Although we have conducted experiments with various settings, the results show similar trends. Therefore, we only present the results in a scenario with \(300\) sensors and \(200\) targets.
## 4 Denial of Service
### Overwhelm the Resources
#### 4.1.5 XML-DoS and HTTP-DoS  
Those attacks belong to the resource exhaustion attack category. EXtensible Markup Language (XML) (or JSON) and HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP) are heavily used in Cloud Computing web services and very little work has been done to ensure security related to these protocols as, most of the time, for example with XML (XML encryption, digital signatures, user tokens, etc.), the request is implicitly assumed to be necessarily legitimate. This puts XML-DoS and HTTP-DoS among the most destructive DoS and DDoS attacks in Cloud Computing.  
As [PERSON] et al. in [28] explain, web services rely on SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol) to send and receive messages. However, SOAP uses XML, which can be used to perpetrate XML-DoS attacks, based mainly on three strategies. The first uses an oversized payload to deplete the target system resources. The second is the External Entity DoS Attack. In this attack, the server is forced to resolve many large external entities (remote XML files) defined within the Document Type Definition (DTD). This means opening many TCP connections while making extensive use of the CPU to process the entities. Eventually, the third strategy, the XML Entity Expansion Attack, forces the server to recursively resolve entities defined within the DTD, which makes intensive usage of the CPU and the memory.  
The Coercive Parsing [29] attack is one such example of XML-DoS: it uses a continuous sequence of opened tags that primarily exhausts both the CPU and the memory. Other forms of coercive parsing include many namespace declarations, a large prefix, namespace URIs, or very deeply nested XML structures [30]. However, this attack can only be successful if the web service uses a Document Object Model (DOM) parser that creates a tree representation of the XML document.  
[PERSON] et al. [31] give an overview of the underlying issues behind XML and how this can lead to a DoS. They explain how SOAP allows to send and receive XML messages regardless of the underlying implementation of the application or the transport protocol (HTTP, SMTP, etc.).  
An HTTP-DoS consists of sending a lot of arbitrary HTTP requests. HTTP repeats requests and HTTP recursively attacks a particular web service [30]. A high rate of legitimate or invalid HTTP packets are sent to the server with the goal of overwhelming the web service resources. Processing all of the requests and the cost associated with each request (which may be quite significant for certain web services) eventually triggers the DoS.
## 1 Introduction  
The paper discusses the challenge of computing the mutual inductance of conventional coils, which has been a topic of research since the time of [PERSON] [1]. While analytical solutions in the form of elementary functions exist for linear coils, more complex configurations, such as circular and elliptical coils require solutions in terms of elliptic integrals, Bessel and Struve functions, and hypergeometric convergent series [2; 3; 4; 5; 6; 7; 8]. Numerical methods and commercial software packages are also available, but there is interest in developing analytical and semi-analytical methods for more efficient computations. Reviewing the corresponding literature in physics and electromagnetics, as well as in scientific papers in engineering, one cannot find the calculations of self-inductance and mutual-inductance of the coils of the conical form very often. Recently, in [9], the calculation of the self-inductance of a thin sheet inductor is obtained in the semi-analytical form. Using the same reasoning, in this paper, a semi-analytical formula for calculating the mutual inductance between a thin conical sheet and a filamentary circular loop is given. Coils are coaxial and placed in the air. The thin conical sheet inductor is made of a thin wire with a cross-section that is practically negligible. This assumption also applies to the circular loop.  
The new presented method is based on complete elliptical integrals of the first, second, and third kind, along with a term to be solved by numerical integration. As the special case of this new developed formula is the formula for calculating the mutual inductance between the cylindrical solenoid and the filamentary circular loop, the practical applications of the previous mentioned configuration could be interesting in many domains of electromagnetics such as the excitation coil used in electromagnetic-levitation melting, the production of magnetic field homogeneity and the high magnetic field under the cone, which can be used to magnetize a magnetic sheet [10; 11; 12; 13]. The calculation of the previously mentioned coils is useful for conical inductors which are of ideal form for ultra-broadband applications up to 40 GHz since the conical shapes limit the effects of stray capacitances and effectively substitute a series of narrow-band inductors, creating the high impedance over a very wide bandwidth and in wireless power transfer systems that utilize conical inductors [14; 15; 16; 17; 18; 19; 20; 21; 22; 23; 24]. In all cases, either the regular or the singular are explained with precise explications. The validation of the presented method is performed using the single and double integration as well as the semi-analytical formula. The Mathematica files with implemented formulas are available upon request.
Most previous research focuses on the stress caused by cold bending, but research on the coupling of cold bending and uniform load is relatively scarce. The deformation caused by cold bending could produce permanent cold-bending stress in the glass panels, and such stress could be affected by many other factors, including cold-bending curvature, interlayer thickness, and boundary conditions. The cold-bending stress exists even before the cold-bent glass panels bear a uniform load. After the uniform load is applied, the cold-bending stress in the glass panels will be coupled with a kind of new stress generated by the load, which can be considered a stress problem of a thin plate with initial stress [19]. The interlayer within laminated glass deforms and interacts with the glass during cold bending, resulting in difficult theoretical analysis and complex prediction of the overall stress [20]. As a result, practical experiments are needed to reveal cold-bending stress and its coupling effect with the uniform load in cold-bent SGP laminated glass panels. SGP laminated glass, a novel type of safety glass, is a composite structure manufactured by combining two or more pieces of glass together with one or more plies of SGP [21; 22]. It provides higher strength and rigidity than PVB laminated glass [23]. Therefore, in recent years SGP laminated glass has been extensively used in building curved glass curtain walls. In this paper, rectangular SGP laminated glass panels were taken as the research object, and eight sample panels were subject to single-corner cold-bending tests, uniform load tests, and ultimate capacity tests. The effects of different cold-bending curvatures and interlayer thicknesses on the cold-bending stress and its reverse-coupling effect with the uniform load were considered in this study. Reverse loading, which is defined as the situation where the directions of the uniform load and cold bending are opposite to each other, is the most unfavorable to the bearing capacity of cold-bent glass panels; however, such an unfavorable situation could be a promising pathway to accurate determinations of the bearing capacity of cold-bent SGP laminated glass panels. More importantly, single-corner cold bending of rectangular glass panels provides more free forms and greater architectural freedom to the panels, which could help fit most curved glass curtain walls into complex shapes.
# Panchromatic and Hyperspectral Image Fusion Using Ratio Residual Attention Networks
## 5 Discussion
Additionally, when dealing with noisy or low-quality images, the fusion performance may be affected, particularly in high-noise environments where the robustness of the method may be insufficient. To improve inference efficiency and adaptability in future work, three directions are worth exploring: (1) introducing lightweight attention mechanisms such as depthwise separable convolutions or grouped convolutions to reduce parameter count and computational load; (2) applying model compression techniques such as quantization or knowledge distillation to accelerate inference under controllable accuracy loss; and (3) leveraging deployment frameworks like TensorRT or ONNX with mixed-precision inference (e.g., FP16) to fully exploit GPU acceleration and enhance runtime performance in practical applications.
## 2 Materials and Methods
### Materials  
Participants wore a CORFOR(r) exoskeleton (Figure 3), which is a soft back-support exoskeleton (CORFOR(r)-V2, Villemus, France). It is composed of two elastic bands attached to the shoulders and to the knees thanks to pairs of straps. Hip and back flexion stretch the elastic bands, which assist passively in the extension of the hip and the back during manual material handling. Soft back exoskeletons have been described to reduce lumbar neuromuscular demand from 6% [21] to 14% [28; 29] depending on the model. In addition, its known effects during manual material handling [21], the CORFOR(r) presents the additional advantages of providing an exoskeleton solution for an affordable price and with ease of use, yielding a large use in different companies.  
Biomechanical recordings were completed during the SQUAT and STOOP tasks. Eight Qualisys cameras (MIQUS M5, Qualisys, Goteborg, Sweden; 2D resolution = 4 MP; 3D resolution = 0.07 mm) were placed around participants to track 25 reflective markers tapped to the skin (Figure 3). Marker trajectories were recorded at 150 Hz. The markerset [30; 31]  
Figure 3: A participant wearing the exoskeleton with the measurement’s setup.  
was composed of 16 markers placed on anatomical landmarks (left and right antero-superior iliac spines, left and right postero-superior iliac spines, right greater trochanter, right medial and lateral femoral epicondyles, right medial and lateral malleolus, sacral to cervical vertebrae at S1, L4, L2, T12, T12, T2, C7 levels, right radius styloid process) and 8 tracking markers (2 iliac crests, 3-markers cluster for the thigh, 3-markers cluster for the shank). Three other markers were taped on the corners of the box handled by the subjects. Participants stood on a triaxial force plate (Bertec Corp., Columbus, OH, USA; error due to linearity or hysteresis = 0.2%; Resolution of output signal = 0.02%) used to sample center of pressure (CoP) positions at a sampling rate of 1000 Hz. Surface electromyography (EMG, sampling rate of 2000 Hz) was used to record Gluteus Maximus (GM), Tensor Fascia Latae (TFL), Obliquus Externus (OE), Rectus Abdominis (RA), and Erector Spinae (ES) muscle activity on the right side (TrignoTM, Delsys, Natick, MA, USA; Figure 3). EMG signals were synchronized with all other data. The electrode placement and the skin preparation were conducted in accordance with SENIAM recommendations [32].  
Also, the Nasa Task Load Index (NASA-TLX) [33] was used to assess the global perceived workload. Participants had to answer the questionnaire at the end of each condition. Questions treated six factors: mental demand, physical demand, temporal demand, performance, effort, and frustration. Participants were asked to attribute a weight to each factor. The global score was the sum of the weighted scores of each factor. Moreover, Likert scales were proposed to the participants to evaluate their back muscles exertion and the perceived pressures due to the exoskeleton on the trapezius, armpits, buttocks, and knees. These scales ranged from 0 (nothing) to 10 (very, very hard).
# An Overview of the Public Health Challenges in Diagnosing and Controlling Human Foodborne Pathogens
## 4 Diagnostic Approaches of Foodborne Pathogens
### Methods Based on Nucleic Acids
#### 4.2.6 Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS)  
Introducing next-generation sequencing (NGS) methodologies may make detecting foodborne infections more accurate than the methods currently in use [215]. A major advantage of NGS is its ability to detect numerous potential agents of spoilage and disease, as well as identify species that are both culturable and non-culturable, without having to do any targeted analysis. [PERSON] et al. [216] demonstrated the potential of using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to detect non-targeted bacterial species. However, lack of standardization and lack of public databases restricts their use. Also, unlike NGS, these approaches cannot provide information on the strains and genomes of bacteria [217]. Food microbiology investigations are increasingly utilizing NGS, with most of them focusing on whole genome sequencing (WGS) of bacteria isolates and discovering microbiomes associated with certain commodities [218; 219].  
Several previous publications have discussed the benefits of using metagenomics to assess the food microbiome, such as their ability to identify multiple pathogens simultaneously. In addition, multiple pathways of the same pathogen are being identified as well as identification of genes of interest, including those associated with antibiotic resistance [220; 221]. NGS technologies, however, have inherent limitations. They are computationally expensive, produce short read lengths and generate errors. Assembly software cannot resolve large structural rearrangements (insertions, deletions, inversions) in de novo sequencing and disambiguate repeat regions [222].