## 2 Results and Discussion
### Qualitative and Semiquantitative Analysis of Area Nuts  
Analyses were performed using HS-SPME and SHDE. In total, 98 volatile compounds were identified in the areaa nut (8 alcohols, 2 alkanes, 25 carbonyl compounds, 10 esters, 13 fatty acids, 33 terpenes and terpenoids, and 7 other compounds, see Table 3). A total of 41 compounds were identified by HS-SPME/GC-MS and 76 compounds by SHDE/GC-MS. A Venn diagram (Figure 2, created using a web application by Bioinformatics and Systems Biology of Gent, URL: [[http://bioinformatics.psb.ugent.Be/webtools/Venn/](http://bioinformatics.psb.ugent.Be/webtools/Venn/)]([http://bioinformatics.psb.ugent.Be/webtools/Venn/](http://bioinformatics.psb.ugent.Be/webtools/Venn/)), accessed on 9 July 2021) clearly shows how many compounds are common to each sample treatment method and which compounds are unique. The diagram shows that 22, 47, 2, and 2 unique compounds were identified in the samples analyzed S1 (HS-SPME), S2 (SHDE), S3 (hydrolate), and S4 (distillation residue), respectively. On the contrary, only one compound was found in the four analyzed fractions, namely dodecanoic acid. The most common compounds were observed in samples S1 and S2 (15, of which nine were represented only in samples S1 and S2), and in all cases, they belong to the group of oxidized hydrocarbons. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**GROUP OF COMPOUNDS** & **Retention Index** & **CAS Number** & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**Relative \% of Peak Area**} \\ \cline{4-7}
**Volatile Compounds** & **Retention Index** & **CAS Number** & **HS-SPME** & **SHDE Extract** & **Distillation** & **Hydrolate** \\ \hline
**ALKANES** & & & & & \\ \hline Hexadecane & 1597 & 544-76-3 & 0.16 & - & - & - \\ Nonadecane & 1897 & 629-92-5 & 0.31 & - & - & - \\ \hline
**\(\Sigma\)ALKANES** & & & **0.47 (2)** & - & - & - \\ \hline
**ALCOHOLS** & & & & & & \\ \hline
1-Heptanol & 972 & 111-70-6 & - & 0.07 & - & - \\
1-Octen-3-ol & 981 & 3391-86-4 & - & 0.05 & - & - \\
3-Octenal & 998 & 599-89-0 & - & 0.01 & - & - \\ Benzenemethanol & 1004 & 100-51-6 & 0.56 & - & - & - \\
1-Octenal & 1073 & 111-87-5 & 0.18 & 0.13 & - & - \\ Benzenemethanol & 1111 & 60-12-8 & 0.31 & - & - & - \\
1-Methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-cis-2- & 1125 & 29803-82-5 & - & 0.01 & - & - \\ cyclohexment-1-ol & 1878 & 36653-82-4 & 0.34 & - & - & - \\ \hline \(\Sigma\)**ALCOHOLS** & & & **1.39 (4)** & **0.27 (5)** & - & - \\ \hline
**ALDEHYDES** & & & & & \\ \hline _trans_-2-Heprenal & 957 & 18829-55-5 & - & 0.01 & - & - \\ Benzaldehyde & 960 & 100-52-7 & 1.02 & 0.05 & - & 7.23 \\ Octanal & 1003 & 124-13-0 & - & 0.16 & - & - \\ Phenylycotaldehyde & 1042 & 122-78-1 & 0.56 & 0.01 & - & - \\ Nonanal & 1105 & 124-19-6 & 2.45 & 0.38 & - & - \\ trans-2-Nonneal & 1160 & 18829-56-6 & 0.37 & 0.09 & - & - \\ Decanal & 1205 & 112-31-2 & 0.40 & 0.07 & - & 2.16 \\ p-isopropylbenzaldehyde & 1241 & 122-03-2 & 0.23 & - & - & - \\ Anisaldehyde isomer & 1254 & & 0.17 & - & - & - \\ _trans_-2-Deconal & 1263 & 3913-81-3 & 0.24 & 0.15 & - & - \\ Undecanal & 1306 & 112-44-7 & 0.19 & - & - & - \\ _trans_-2-trans-4-Deconal & 1319 & 25152-84-5 & 0.17 & 0.14 & - & - \\
2-Undeconal & 1364 & 2463-77-6 & - & 0.04 & - & - \\
2-Butyl-2-ocrenal & 1371 & 13019-16-4 & - & 0.13 & - & - \\ Tradecanal & 1509 & 10486-19-8 & 0.22 & - & - & - \\ Tetradecanal (Myristaldehyde) & 1610 & 124-25-4 & 0.20 & - & - & - \\
1-Pentadecanal & 1712 & 2765-11-9 & 0.22 & - & - & - \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Identified compounds in analyzed samples obtained using HS-SPME and SHDE of area nuts.