# Intelligent Total Transportation Management System for Future Smart Cities
## 4 Discussion on the Possible Use and Preliminary Evaluation of the Concept
### Concept Comparative Evaluation  
The proposed total transportation management concept is developed for smart cities as a sub-system being integrated into the city operation management. The evaluation of the transportation system is a rather complex duty, as all stakeholders (policy makers and regulators, vehicle developers, system developers, system operators, users) have their own preferences. Therefore, hundreds of (performance) indicators can be defined [68, 69]. For the entire system evaluation, the transportation system must be classified into several comparable groups and overall indexes should be developed and applied. Because this paper deals with the ICT/IoT-based future transportation system, the transportation system classification is studied from the ICT point of view [70, 71]. By using this concept, the transportation system can be classified depending on its monitoring and management as  
* first generation--with minimal data from individual vehicles, interactions of infrastructure and vehicles through the traffic rules, control signals, and management based on empirical models  
Figure 10: The traffic management system architecture (NCV—non-cooperating vehicle, CV—cooperating vehicle). * second generation--early intelligent transportation system with some vehicles providing data; maintaining a balance between the supply and demand, using dynamic models and management
* third generation--rich data exchange, mixed human and automated driving, active management
* fourth generation--application of wireless technology with full monitoring and active communication between the infrastructure, vehicles, operation center, cloud computing, IoT, and pro-active management  
More complex investigations lead to the following alternative classification:
* transportation with serious limitations--existing in old cities or in cities with large historical centers that generate significant limitations on the transportation systems
* transportation with passive management--using traffic rules and traffic signals, only, including safe bus lanes, lanes for bicycles; this is a traditional transportation system
* transportation with semi-dynamic management--implementing dynamic management (as control of the traffic signals depending on real traffic, use of green lane concept, mass traffic control depending on the real passenger demand, changing in traffic direction depending on the traffic intensity, providing free routes for emergency transportation) in dedicated regions of the city; such a system uses remote sensing (like video, sensors being integrated into the infrastructure) and real-time data processing
* transportation with dynamic and/or semi-active management--at least partly is supported by a transportation system operational center using cloud computing; IoT; dynamic or active control of motion of semi-cooperating, connected, and cooperating vehicles (starting from simple smart parking up to active control on lane directions, multimodal transport hubs, district total transportation)
* transportation with active management (and partly intelligent)--requires harmonization with the city operation center
* intelligent total transportation management--as described above  
These different transportation systems can be compared by evaluating their performance and/or using indicators or transportation index(es). Based on the general KPIs of innovative transportation systems and the core indicators defined in transportation-related strategic documents/white papers, these indexes could cover the following major areas: (i) vehicle, infrastructure, and transport system performance; (ii) amount and nature of supporting systems; (iii) legal control; (iv) economy; (v) society; (vi) environment; (vii) cultural aspects; and (viii) future generation (future society needs). Table 1 shows a very simple quantitative comparative analysis of the chosen traditional (passively managed) transport, actively managed transport, and the proposed intelligent total transport management. All these areas are well investigated.