# An Efficient Dynamic Engineering Implementation Architecture for MIMO Radar System
## 4 Antenna Array Design and Scenario Analysis  
### MIMO Radar Antenna Array Design  
We constructed two RF boards, each equipped with distinct antenna arrays, to evaluate the proposed system. Each RF board incorporates four cascaded radar chips, supporting 12 transmitting antennas and 16 receiving antennas. These antennas are utilized to emit millimeter-wave signals and capture the return signals from targets. Every receiver channel on the radar chips is fitted with a high-performance digital sampler, which is responsible for converting the received analog signals into digital format. It is essential to highlight that all RF boards share identical hardware configurations, with the only variation being the arrangement of the antenna array.  
Figure 7a,b depict the physical diagram and the arrangement structure of the first antenna array, respectively. This configuration organizes the twelve transmitting antennas and the sixteen receiving antennas in a one-dimensional linear array. As illustrated in Figure 7c, the 192 virtual antenna receive channels are arranged in a one-dimensional linear configuration along the horizontal axis, with an equivalent virtual antenna aperture of 64 times the signal wavelength, which does not facilitate vertical detection capabilities. Taking the 77 GHz signal as an example, the signal wavelength is approximately 3.89 mm, which means the size of the virtual antenna aperture is 248.96 mm. In Figure 7c, receive channels with the same color represent those corresponding to the same transmitting antenna channels. A total of 12 colors are used, indicating that all virtual receiving antenna channels correspond to 12 transmitting antenna channels.  
Figure 8a,b illustrate the physical diagram of the second antenna array and the structure of the antenna physical arrangement, respectively. In this configuration, the transmitting and receiving antennas are organized in a two-dimensional planar layout, facilitating target detection across both vertical and horizontal dimensions. This arrangement enhances the system's capability to capture a more comprehensive spatial representation of the target area. As shown in Figure 8c, the 192 virtual antenna receive channels are arranged in a two-dimensional planar configuration along both the horizontal and vertical directions. The equivalent virtual antenna horizontal aperture is 70 times the signal wavelength, while the vertical aperture is 23.25 times the signal wavelength. Taking the 77 GHz signal as an example, the signal wavelength is approximately 3.89 mm, resulting in a virtual antenna horizontal aperture size of 272.3 mm and a vertical aperture size of 90.44 mm.  
In the figure, receive channels represented by the same color correspond to the same transmitting antenna channel. A total of 12 colors are used, indicating that all virtual receiving antenna channels correspond, respectively, to 12 transmitting antenna channels.  
The specific parameters of the two antenna arrays are detailed in Table 1. By utilizing these distinct antenna array configurations, we can comprehensively assess the performance of the efficient dynamic MIMO radar engineering implementation system. This approach enables a thorough evaluation of system adaptability and effectiveness across different spatial configurations.  
Figure 7: Antenna array I. (a) RF board. (b) Antenna array layout. (c) Virtual antenna RX channels.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline
**Antenna Array** & **Number of Effective** & **Antenna Aperture** & **Direction** \\
**Layout** & **Antennas** & **Size** & **Size** \\ \hline I & 94 & 248.96 mm & Horizontal \\  & - & - & Vertical \\ \hline II & 113 & 272.3 mm & Horizontal \\  & 32 & 90.44 mm & Vertical \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 1: Antenna array parameters.