## 2 Background and Related Works
(2020) [38] addressed the problem of how to predict whether the detection of a recognizer of two bird species that uses machine-learning methods is a true or false positive. By means of employing audio recordings, they used HMM, convolutional neural networks (CNN), and a training method with denominated boosted regression trees (BRT). The results for the two species studied (Chordeiles minor and Seirus aurocapilla) showed a reduction in the number of detections that required validation by 75.7% and 42.9%, respectively, while retaining at least 98% of the true-positive detections. [PERSON] et al. (2018) [39] developed a method for modeling acoustic scenes and for measuring the similarity between them. They used the bag-of-frame (BoF) approach for acoustic similarity, which models an audio recording using the statistics of short-term audio attributes based on MFCC. The performance of the BoF approach is successful for characterizing sound scenes with little variability in audio content but cannot accurately capture scenes with superimposed sound events. In the context of Chile, urban wetlands have a highly significant value for the inhabitants of the city of Valdivia, which have been increasing over time. Over the past two decades, wetlands legislation and policy have evolved significantly. There has been debate surrounding this issue, with citizen participation of the main social and environmental scientists from Chilean universities, different social actors, policy makers and private sector representatives [40]. These recent events demonstrate that the majority of the local community are willing to protect, use and plan these natural-urban habitats. In 2020, the Chilean Parliament approved a law that aims to protect urban wetlands declared by the Ministry of the Environment of Chile [41]. As highlighted by [PERSON] [42] (2018), this recognised high social value of urban wetlands enables inhabitants to gain a sense of belonging to nature even in their sonic dimension. [PERSON] notes that our sonic environment is an essential element of the cultural politics and of the urban identity that can help us to rethink how the natural-urban habitats are conceptualized and developed. In addition, as was noted by [PERSON] [12] (2016), for any urban identity, the sonic values that define the city connect people to their culture and their lands and relate them to their geographical location, climate and the everyday routine of a community or a region. For this reason, [PERSON] states methods for protecting the characteristic sounds of everyday life of the city (e.g., wind, water and market noises) from a sonic viewpoint in order to strengthen the cultural memory of the city. However, it is very important to understand that despite government efforts, debates and citizen participation, urban wetlands are ecosystems that are extreme fragile and particularly vulnerable to urban changes and anthropogenic pressure, as was mentioned by [PERSON] and [PERSON] (2021) [43] (2021). The authors note that severe habitat fragmentations are primary drivers of biodiversity loss, and that mammals are particularly vulnerable to this fragmentation.