## 2 Pomergnate Health-Promoting Properties
### Antioxidant Activity
addressed this issue from another perspective. Indeed, pomegranate peel powder was integrated into fish gelatin film-forming solution (FFS) with the aim to create an active packaging film. They found that the addition of 1% of pomegranate peel powder significantly increased the DPPH radical-scavenging activity to 59.74%, whereas the addition of 5% led to a percentage of 71.82%, and the fish gelatin film without pomegranate peel powder used as control achieved only the 53% [28]. Similarly, [PERSON] et al. aimed to incorporate PPE at different doses to chitosan/gelatin gels. As a consequence, the antioxidant activity of the generated mixture was significantly improved. Moreover, concerning the rheological properties, PPE extended linear viscoelastic range and enabled the samples to easily flow under the applied shear rate boosting, in this way, the functional characteristics of chitosan/gelatin-based materials were improved [29]. In agreement with all these studies are the findings reported by [PERSON] et al., whose intention was to compare antioxidant activity of pomegranate peel and seed powder extracts through both DPPH and ABTS methods. The two assays evidenced the higher antioxidant capacity in peel powder samples with respect to seed powder samples. Furthermore, the methanolic extracts achieved the best results compared to water extract [30]. [PERSON] et al. analyzed and compared the antioxidant activities of co-products from industrial pasteurized pomegranate nectar (PN), processing the peel (PP), press cake (PC), and precipitate after clarification (PAC) in comparison with raw material (arils) and final products (CON and PN) using DPPH, CUPRAC (Cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity), FRAP (Ferric Antioxidant Power), and ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothazoline-6-sulfonic acid)) methods. PP has shown to possess the greater antioxidant capacity in all the assays. This effect could be due to the presence of a rich amount of phenols, flavonoids, and tannins, compared with the other tested extracts. Consequently, it is plausible to think that discarding the peel would cause a decrease of antioxidant potential [31]. In 2019, deeper analyses were conducted on the principal antioxidants enzymes (peroxisomal catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) isozymes) and the NADPH-regenerating system of pomegranate and their possibility to vary for different cultivar and genotypes. In the reported study, there were analyzed seeds and juices from two pomegranate varieties (_Valenciana_ and _Mollar_) grown in two diverse Spanish locations. The evaluations of the isoenzymatic superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity pattern showed one Mn-SOD and five CuZn-SODs (I-V) whose richness depended on the variety while immunoblot assays exhibited at least one additional Fe-SOD with a subunit size of about 23 kDa in both varieties. Moreover, a strong metabolism of ROS could be due to the presence of the H\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{2}\)-scavenging peroxisomal catalase in seeds and juice [32]. The research works mentioned in this section have proven that the major factor responsible for pomegranate antioxidant activity is the presence of polyphenols and anthocyanins. In particular, it has been demonstrated that peel extract is the richest of these elements, which makes it suitable as a natural source of anti-free radicals.