# The IoT/IoE Integrated Security & Safety System of Pompeii Archeological Park
## 12 The New Technologies for Renewable Energies, Lighting, and Communications  
As part of the Smart@Pompeii initiative, significant emphasis was placed on the incorporation of renewable energy technologies with the goal of promoting environmental sustainability, energy autonomy, and technological innovation in the context of high historical and cultural value applications. In this way, not only was green energy properly utilized--enhancing the system's reliability and resilience from this perspective--but innovative components were also introduced, significantly contributing to the IoT/IoE functionalities. One of the most innovative and symbolic interventions involved the installation of photovoltaic roof tiles, a solution specifically chosen for its ability to seamlessly integrate into the delicate architectural and aesthetic context of the archeological site, particularly during restoration activities on the ancient domus. These specialized photovoltaic elements have been designed to replicate the appearance and texture of traditional Roman roofing materials, ensuring full compatibility with the visual identity of the structures, while also delivering the functionality of modern solar energy generation. The use of these solar roof tiles made it possible to establish localized energy production systems, effectively creating autonomous \"green energy islands\" within the archeological site. This decentralized approach to energy generation is particularly advantageous in an environment like Pompeii, where the underground infrastructure cannot be easily or extensively modified, and where the installation of conventional electrical cabling poses logistical challenges as well as potential risks to the integrity of ancient remains. Adopting a micro-grid model, these localized power systems are capable of supplying electricity to specific restoration zones, monitoring stations, and digital infrastructure nodes, without the need for invasive installation methods. Moreover, the photovoltaic tiles contribute not only to energy production but also to the preservation of the architectural heritage. By serving as protective elements against rain,wind, and UV radiation, they help mitigate the effects of weathering on the reconstructed domus. In this way, the intervention supports a dual objective as follows: fostering environmental sustainability and enhancing the physical protection and conservation of ancient structures. To complement this sustainable energy strategy, the Smart@Pompeii project also introduced a highly innovative communication infrastructure based on Li-Fi (Light Fidelity) technology. Unlike traditional Wi-Fi systems, which rely on radio waves, Li-Fi employs modulated LED lighting to transmit data at extremely high speeds, enabling ultra-broadband communication through light pulses that are imperceptible to the human eye. This technology has been implemented across various areas of the site and is in the process of further expansion to reach new sections. Li-Fi offers multiple advantages in the context of a cultural heritage site. Firstly, it allows for the provision of high-speed Internet connectivity in areas where electromagnetic interference needs to be minimized or where the use of radio frequency-based networks is either not feasible or not permitted due to conservation constraints. Secondly, the LED lighting fixtures used in the system have been carefully selected to feature low emission levels in the blue light spectrum, which is known to be particularly harmful to ancient frescoes, pigments, and organic materials. By reducing blue light exposure, the Li-Fi infrastructure not only provides digital connectivity but also contributes to the long-term protection of fragile archeological artworks and surfaces. In any case, the integrated technological system has been equipped with the advanced functionalities typically found in Building Management Systems (BMS), tailored specifically to support the diverse operational needs of the archeological park.