## 2 Materials and Methods
### Synthesis of CyP(Ph)4  
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra were recorded on the Bruker AV300 (1H 300 MHz, \({}^{31}\)P 121.5 MHz, \({}^{13}\)C NMR 75 MHz) and Bruker AV500 (\({}^{1}\)H 500 MHz, \({}^{31}\)P 202 MHz, \({}^{13}\)C NMR 126 MHz) spectrometers (Bruker; Billerica, MA, USA). All spectra were obtained in CDCl\({}_{3}\) solutions unless mentioned otherwise, and the chemical shifts (\(\delta\)) are expressed in ppm using the internal reference to TMS and external reference to 85% H\({}_{3}\)PO\({}_{4}\) in D\({}_{2}\)O for \({}^{31}\)P. Coupling constants (\(J\)) are expressed in Hz. The abbreviations of signal patterns are as follows: s--singlet, d--doublet, t--triplet, q--quartet, m--multiplet. Elemental analyses were performed on the PerkinElmer CHN 2400. The product was synthesized according to the modified literature procedure [(39)]. Dry CH\({}_{2}\)Cl\({}_{2}\) (30 mL) was added under the flow of argon into a Schlenk flask charged with PCI\({}_{5}\) (20.0 g, 96.0 mmol). The resulting suspension was cooled in a water bath and vigorously stirred, and then cyclohexanone (9.4 g, 96.0 mmol) was slowly added via a syringe. The reaction setup was refluxed in an argon atmosphere overnight. The resulting brownish solution was quenched by addition to ice (100 mL). After extraction of the water layer with diethyl ether (3 \(\times\) 20 mL), the combined organic phases were neutralized by the addition of K\({}_{2}\)CO\({}_{3}\) until no CO\({}_{2}\) evolution was observed. The neutralized organic extracts were dried over K\({}_{2}\)CO\({}_{3}\) and evaporated in vacuo. The residual brownish oil was distilled under reduced pressure to give the product in a clean state as a colorless oil (b.p. 141-145). Yield: 9.0 g, 80%. The physical and spectral data for 1-chlorocyclohexene 2 are in accordance with those previously reported [(39)]. 1,2-dibromocyclohexene 4  
A mixture of 20 g (0.172 mol) 1-chloro-cyclohexene 2 in 20 mL of CHCl\({}_{3}\) was placed in a flask fitted with a dropping funnel and reflux condenser. To the mixture was added  
Figure 3: Basic dyes’ characteristics. 9 mL (0.35 mol) of bromine in 10 mL of dry CH\({}_{3}\)Cl, keeping the temperature at 5-10 \({}^{\circ}\)C using an ice bath. Next, the solution was stirred at 5 \({}^{\circ}\)C for 2 h. The mixture was allowed to warm slowly to room temperature. The solution was next washed with saturated Na\({}_{2}\)SO\({}_{3}\) and the organic layer was dried with MgSO\({}_{4}\) and evaporated in vacuo. The residual oil was distilled under reduced pressure (b.p. 120-128 \({}^{\circ}\)C, 12 mm Hg) to give the product in a clean state as an oil, which crystalized after cooling in the ice bath to give 20.5 g of crude product **3** (yield 43%). Crude 1,2-dibromo-1-chloro-cyclohexane **3** (20 g, 0.072 mol) was placed in a flask fitted with a dropping funnel and reflux condenser. Next, 100 mL of 20% solution of KOH in ethanol was added to the reaction. The mixture was heated under reflux for 2-3 h (the reaction was monitored using the TLC technique). After completing the reaction, the product was separated by means of steam distillation, resulting in an oil crystallizing on cooling. Product **4** was recrystallized from ethanol. Yield: 12 g (69%). 1,2-dibromocyclohexene 4: Colorless solid, mp 42-43 \({}^{\circ}\)C, NMR \({}^{1}\)H NMR (CDCl3, 500 MHz): \(\delta\) 1.76-1.78 (m, 4H), 2.56-2.60 (m, 4H). \({}^{13}\)C NMR (CDCl\({}_{3}\), 126 MHz): \(\delta\) 24.0, 37.3, 122.9. Anal. Calcd.