# IoT OS Platform: Software Infrastructure for Next-Gen Industrial IoT
## 3 Theoretical Framework of the IoT OS Platform
### Core Design of the IoT Operating System Platform
#### 3.2.4 Security  
It should be recognized that integrating existing systems and devices is a common practice in achieving data-driven transformation in IIoT scenarios. However, when establishing connections with various systems, security considerations of the original systems, such as using fixed passwords or admin accounts, are often overlooked for efficiency and cost reasons. This increases the security risks in the process of increasingly complex business interactions and system connections, a problem difficult to solve with underlying security mechanisms such as network protocol encryption. This article does not discuss the application of traditional security technologies, but rather proposes some innovations from the overall perspective of constructing IIoT security scenarios.  
The IoT OS platform is positioned to integrate connections with various systems and devices. Constructing mechanisms to ensure business security based on the IoT OS platform can avoid the aforementioned issues. Based on traditional operating system implementations of multi-domain isolation, as shown in Figure 8, each upper-layer virtual machine is completely isolated from others in terms of processors, memory, and storage, communicating through the kernel.  
On the IoT OS platform, we designed a multi-domain isolation model divided by business, including the following security rules:  
* Business Independence: for a business constructed or integrated on the IoT OS platform, it is treated as an independent entity for management, with communication between businesses not arbitrarily allowed and only the minimal external interfaces opened.
* Connection Ownership: for individual permission accounts of accessed external systems or connections established with devices, the IoT operating system platform must attribute the permission of that connection to a specific business; it cannot be shared between businesses.
* Data Isolation: for data flowing through the IoT OS platform, it cannot be transmitted across businesses, with isolation implemented at both hardware and software levels.  
Figure 8: Multi-domain isolation of traditional OS.  
* Access Control: establishing role-based access control (RBAC) and policy control, determining the operations and data access scope for each business to minimize potential security risks.  
This business-divided multi-domain isolation model aims to build a framework that balances security, stability, and development efficiency. Considering the characteristic of existing digital transformations to integrate multiple existing systems and devices, viewing each business as an independent entity enables comprehensive isolation between businesses. This prevents potential threats and faults from spreading within a single business, thereby ensuring the security of the entire IIoT solution. By clearly attributing connection permissions to specific businesses, it facilitates responsibility tracing and system auditing, and prevents the misuse of connection permissions. Implementing data isolation, whether at the hardware or software level, helps prevent sensitive information leakage, ensuring data is not transmitted across businesses without authorization, thus enhancing privacy protection and the overall trustworthiness of the system. Moreover, the design of security mechanisms on the IoT operating system platform is independent of the underlying security technology stack, seamlessly integrating with security chips at the hardware level or encryption algorithms at the software level.