## 3 Review Results
### Technology Acceptance Model and Its Extensions
#### 3.1.1 Discussed Factors  
**Perceived Ease of Use (PEOU):**  
Multiple empirical studies have confirmed that perceived ease of use (PEOU) significantly predicts users' attitudes toward ChatGPT. When users find ChatGPT easy to use, they are more likely to develop a positive attitude towards its use, thereby increasing their intention to adopt the technology. For instance, students who perceive ChatGPT as user-friendly are more inclined to integrate it into their learning processes, utilizing it for various academic tasks such as writing assistance, research, and interactive learning. The intuitive \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l l} \hline \hline
**Confirmed Factors** & **Debatable Factors** & **Unconfirmed Factors** \\ \hline Network quality & Social influence & Demographics \\ \hline Accessibility & Perceived ease of use & Extrinsic motivation \\ \hline System responsiveness & Effort expectancy & Anxiety \\ \hline Satisfaction & Facilitating conditions & Technology readiness \\ \hline Organizational culture & Trust & Characteristics of ChatGPT \\ \hline Knowledge application & Privacy and Security & Reliability and accuracy concerns \\ \hline Feedback quality & Cost & Reduced human interaction \\ \hline Assessment quality & Personal Innovativeness & Lack of institutional support \\ \hline Hedonic motivation & Curiosity & Overreliance on ChatGPT \\ \hline Habit & Control & Institutional policy \\ \hline Intrinsic motivation & Perceived usefulness & Perceived technicality \\ \hline Relative advantage & Perceived enjoyment & Personal competency \\ \hline Compatibility & Perceived AI intelligence & \\ \hline Complexity & Subjective norm & \\ \hline Trialability & Self-efficacy & \\ \hline Observability & & \\ \hline Usability & & \\ \hline Perceived benefits & & \\ \hline Disconfirmation of expectations & & \\ \hline Relative risk perception & & \\ \hline Emotional factors & & \\ \hline Knowledge sharing & & \\ \hline Perceived system quality & & \\ \hline Online course design & & \\ \hline Perceived anthropomorphism & & \\ \hline Design novelty & & \\ \hline Metacognitive self-regulation learning & & \\ \hline Perceived credibility & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Summary of studied educational ChatGPT adoption and acceptance factors. design and straightforward functionality of ChatGPT reduce the learning curve, making it accessible even for those with limited technical expertise. This ease of use fosters a supportive learning environment where students can focus more on their educational goals rather than on navigating complex technological interfaces [17; 18; 19; 20]. However, a study found that perceived ease of use (PEOU) does not significantly influence users' intention to use ChatGPT in education. This finding prompts a deeper exploration of the construct's relevance, highlighting the need for further discussion and additional empirical evidence to validate its role [14]. **Perceived Usefulness (PU):**  
Perceived usefulness (PU) has consistently influenced users' attitudes and behavioral intentions to use ChatGPT positively. Users who believe that ChatGPT enhances their productivity and academic performance are more likely to adopt it. This factor has been particularly significant among educators who view ChatGPT as a valuable tool for facilitating teaching and providing additional student support. Educators recognize that ChatGPT can assist in creating engaging lesson plans, offering personalized feedback, and supporting students with diverse learning needs. By streamlining administrative tasks and enriching the educational experience, ChatGPT enables educators to focus more on interactive and meaningful teaching practices. This perceived benefit of improved efficiency and effectiveness in academic tasks strongly motivates both students and educators to embrace ChatGPT as an integral part of their educational toolkit [4; 13; 21].