# Boat-to-Grid Electrical Energy Storage Potentials around the
## 1 Introduction
### Hungarian Ambitions Related to the Energy Storage Sector  
Similarly to the international energy sector, that of Hungary has also been going through significant changes recently. As the strategy for decarbonization has come to the fore, the revision of Hungarian incentives has been started in order to renew the regulatory environment and to transform the production and purchase portfolios. It has become necessary to reformulate the National Energy Strategy of Hungary, which includes the sustainable and operational framework and the objectives, which also take the interests of state asset management policies into account and complies with EU law [48; 49].  
The changes in global temperatures resulting from the recent explosive growth in development and the consumption trends are predicted to radically change energy deployment, the capacities of energy generation and, as a consequence, those of energy storage. Increasing energy consumption has been an inevitable result of the development of the Hungarian society too. For the achievement of the medium- and long-term climate policy goals, the use of batteries seems indispensable in the field of electromobility as well as in the supply of electric energy, due to their short-term energy storage function. For dependable and continuous energy security, countries need energy storage technologies that are less dependent on depleted energy sources and whose manufacturing is as least harmful to the environment as possible. The increasing deployment of variable renewable energy (VRE) has led to the need for energy systems which are suitable for integrating the new technologies into the network. In energy systems utilizing VRE, certain periods are characterized by oversupply, exceeding consumer demand, while others by the lack of sufficient supply. Such situation can be dealt with by the interim storage of electrical energy.  
The National Battery Industry Strategy 2030 [49] of the Hungarian Ministry of Innovation and Technology puts forward goals and measures related to flexible energy generation and storage which will pave the way for the creation and spread of vehicle-to-grid concepts in Hungary [50].  
The number of battery energy storage systems of hybrid or completely electric water-craft is increasing worldwide. By their improved energy efficiency and saved fuel, these vessels have the potential to contribute to the effort of the protection of the local and global environment and the mitigation of air pollution, including CO\({}_{2}\) emissions. These vehicles represent a growing opportunity for certain countries, including Hungary, for the elaboration of even more complex vehicle-to-grid concepts, although the relevant information available is insufficient at present. This study explores the energy storage capacities of small electric boats in the context of Hungary's Lake Balaton, the largest lake of Central Europe, since, concerning this field, there is no available scientific information or analyses that consider small electric boats as potential energy storage capacities. Hungary's energy strategy for 2030 stipulates the promotion of virtual generation integration, local energy communities and micro-grid solutions. A great advantage of increasing EV (road as well as waterborne) penetration is that they could expand the range of new flexibility services in innovative ways. To this end, however, first of all, the energy storage capacity represented by these vehicles, including the small electric boats at Lake Balaton, needs to be determined as accurately as possible. This study is aimed at fulfilling this essential task.