# The Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification for the Rapid Detection of Porphromonas Gingivalis
## 1 Introduction  
Periodontitis is a widely spread disease across all of the population. It is considered to be the consequence of many factors affecting the periodontium. However, the most important factor is the influence of bacteria [1, 2]. The progression of the disease is strictly determined by the host's immune response to bacteria's antigens. The response can vary depending on the individual and is associated with genetic and environmental factors [3]. The possible consequences of generalised periodontitis include loss of teeth or increased risk of cardiovascular diseases [4]. Multiple studies indicate that only several out of a few hundred known bacteria species that can be found in the oral cavity have the ability to influence clinical attachment loss [3, 5]. Based on three transcriptomic studies, [PERSON] et al. concluded that germs previously not considered to be pathogenic can contribute to the development and intensity of periodontitis [3].  
In everyday practice, dentists face the after-effects of periodontitis. Empirical antibiotic therapy is very often used, but it causes many unwanted side effects. Alternative therapies have been recently proposed. The use of probiotics and natural compounds have been tested in periodontal patients showing promising results [6, 7]. However, antibiotic therapy is still considered the golden standard. In order to limit the potential danger resulting from antibiotics overuse, new diagnostic techniques are being developed [8, 9, 10]. These would allow us to detect various periodongens on an outpatient basis. In recently conducted studies, the loop mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) was used. It was pointed out as a technique allowing for fast, sensitive, and reliable detection of main pathogens responsible for acute and chronic periodontitis [11]. In order to verify the usefulnessof the LAMP technique in periodontitis studies, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Real-Time PCR (qPCR) was used. The latter is considered to be the golden standard in the diagnostics of periodontitis [12; 13]. Recently, isothermal methods such as LAMP are constantly gaining popularity. LAMP, similarly to qPCR, is known to be highly sensitive and specific but stands out as a method with a much shorter execution time and much simpler equipment used to conduct the reaction. Therefore, it is less expensive [14; 15; 16].  
Both types of polymerase chain reaction--PCR and qPCR--have been the main diagnostic tools for many years. PCR is a sensitive test, but it is prone to errors, which mainly result from the presence of inhibitors in the reaction environment [17]. Moreover, the necessity of owning highly advanced equipment often disqualifies it from being used on an outpatient basis [18]. QPCR is nowadays considered to be the basic method allowing for monitoring the reaction in a relatively short period of time by quantitative analysis of amplification products. Considering the diversity of qPCR reaction variants, this method can have different features. Using the nucleotide probes significantly increases the reaction's sensitivity, whereas the availability, affordability, and easy access to the non-specific fluorescent dyes aids researchers in speeding up the overall process. This also applies in outdoor settings. The variant of qPCR that uses the fluorescent dye SYBR carries a risk of non-specific products--a result of starters' dimerization appearing in higher quantities that can potentially decrease the credibility of the test [19]. Significant restrictions of the PCR and qPCR methods cause many scientific groups to seek alternative techniques.  
Our study aimed to determine and compare the sensitivity and specificity of some chosen period pathogens (_Porphylomonas gingivalis_, _Fusobacterium nucleatum_, _Tunarella forsythia_) using three different methods: LAMP, PCR, and qPCR.