# ML-Based 5G Network Slicing Security:
## 3 Network Slicing and Its Paradigms
#### Architecture  
Network Slicing architecture is mainly composed of two blocks: actual slice implementation and slice management and configuration. The first block is responsible for creating slices, allocating resources, and deploying at the end-user level. The other block manages and controls the functionalities and effective mutualism between the slices. Standard bodies provide numerous proposed architectures for network slicing in 5G. Table 3 represents state-of-art studies on various architectural standards by different authors. **3 GPP standardized architecture. ** [PERSON] et al. [54] proposed architecture for network slicing based on 3 GPP services and system aspects. The authors specified the current architecture is based on the 5G Core (5 GC) and described various technical specifications (TS). Some of the TS are as follows: TS 23.501 specifies stage 2 system architecture, TS  
Figure 4: Layers of network slicing. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**References** & **3 GPP** & **5G-PPP** & **SDN** & **NFV** & **ETSI** & **NGMN** \\ \hline
[17] & & Yes & & & Yes \\ \hline
[16] & & & Yes & Yes & Yes \\ \hline
[12] & Yes & & & & \\ \hline
[14] & Yes & & & & \\ \hline
[47] & & & & & Yes \\ \hline
[50] & & Yes & & & \\ \hline
[51] & Yes & & & Yes & \\ \hline
[52] & & Yes & & & \\ \hline
[53] & & & & Yes & Yes \\ \hline
[54] & Yes & & & & \\ \hline
[22] & Yes & Yes & Yes & & Yes \\ \hline
[55] & & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: The state-of-the-art studies by different authors on various architectural standards. 3 GPP—3 rd Generation Partnership Project, 5G-PPP—5G Infrastructure Public Private Partnership, SDN—Software Defined Networking, NFV—Network Function Virtualization, ETSI—European Telecommunication Standards Institute, NGMN—Next Generation Mobile Networks. 23.502 specifies the procedure, and TS 23.503 specifies policy and charging control for 5G network system. Additionally, we suggest that 3 GPP collaborates with ETSI and NFV to obtain effortless end-to-end network connectivity and smooth execution of slices in a virtual environment. **NGMN standardized architecture. ** Next Generation Mobile Network (NGMN) Alliance visualizes the 5G network as an end-to-end system with extreme productivity and feasibility. NGMN comprises both RAN and CN for E2E connectivity. NGMN justifies that the 5G network slicing system must be designed keeping in mind the current trends and principles such as dynamic radio topology and cost-effective deployment to create common composable cores, flexibilities, built-in security, and simplification of operations and management. [PERSON] et al. [17] break the overall architecture into three layers as shown in Figure 5.  
* Infrastructure resource layer--the pool of physical resources such as access nodes, cloud nodes, networking nodes, and 5G supportable devices are constituted at this layer. These resources are disclosed to the upper layers through virtualization. * Business enablement layer--the library of all modular network functions comprehended by software modules and value-enabling capabilities; a set of configuration parameters such as RAT config. These parameters and functions are called by orchestration entities via APIs. * Business application layer--comprises applications of the operators, enterprises, verticals, and third-party services that use 5G. **5G-PPP standardized architecture. ** 5G-PPP expands the roles of the 5G network to support virtualization and softwarization and to encourage slicing for diverse use cases. In comparison to the NGMN architectural proposal of layers, where both architectures are based on the network function and infrastructure layers, 5G-PPP divides the framework  
Figure 5: NGMN architecture. into five layers: infrastructure, network function, orchestration, business function and service layers. Orchestration or MANO is a separate layer and the business application layer of NGMN is separated into two different layers: the business function and service layer in 5G-PPP [17].