## 4 Discussion
### Potential Use of Bottle Gourd Accessions with Respect to VOC Profile in Health Care Industry  
Aliphatic aldehydes, being major contributors of the VOC profile among our tested accessions consists of compounds with important role in health care industry. Nonanal, also known as a C9 aldehyde, is a saturated fatty aldehyde which is involved in cancer studies and diagnostics and can be studied further to be potentially useful to treat cancer. It has a role as a human metabolite and a plant metabolite [5; 31]. Prominent VOCs belonging to the class of aldehydes are studied to be associated with five different types of cancers in humans. Nonanal has also been reported to be used as cancer biomarker for several types of cancers in humans [32]. Upregulation of nonanal in USVL10A and USVL10B suggests the potential of respective accessions to be deployed for human disease diagnostic and research studies. Experiments can be conducted in future to identify the potential use of extracted aldehydes from bottle gourd fruit to be deployed in cancer diagnostics. Similarly, the aliphatic alkane, 2-methoxy-2-methylpropane (upregulated in USVL10A and USVL10B) is also helpful to treat gallstones [33]. Because of its gastric acid neutralizing effect and its support of normal peristalsis, it has also been used for relief of heartburn and gastroesophageal reflux (GERD). D-limonene along with its potential domestic use, has been studied to play important role in chemo preventive activity against many types of cancer [33]. Evidence from a phase I clinical trial demonstrated a partial response in a patient with breast cancer and stable disease management for more than six months in three patients with colorectal cancer [34]. Similarly, \(\alpha\)-pinene (upregulated in USVL10A) is a well-known representative of the monoterpenes group and found in many plants derived essential oils [27]. The monoterpenoid, 1,8-cineol is also a natural plant-derived healing agent and has mucolytic, anti-inflammatory properties due to which is widely used to treat inflammatory diseases [35]. A wide range of pharmacological activities have been reported, including antibiotic resistance modulation, anticoagulant, antitumor, antimicrobial, antimalarial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-leishman, and analgesic effects [27]. Benzaldehyde an aromatic compound is well known for its anti-cancer effects, first reported in 1980 in Japan. A total of ninety patients with terminal stage cancer and other types of tumors were orally and rectally administered with benzaldehyde (beta-cyclodextrintrinbenzaldehyde inclusion compound (CDBA)) with four doses. Nineteen patients responded completely to the treatment while ten patients responded partially. Thus, further studies were needed to address the suitability of benzaldehyde for cancer treatment. Following the Japan study, recent study conducted by [PERSON] et al., (2016) confirmed the use of benzaldehyde as an anti-cancer agent showed that Benzaldehyde inhibits major signaling pathways in the activated cancer cells in pancreatic cancer ([PERSON] et al., 2016). Therefore, the identified VOCs in our tested bottle gourd lines can be used to study and explored to be used in health care sector to improve treatment to various ailments. Suitability of Tested Bottle Gourd Accessions as Important Modulators of Plant Health and Agriculture  
Apart from human health care uses, the use of VOCs has effectively been used in agriculture to tackle climate change issues and to ensure food availability to the growing world population. VOCs have prominently been involved as biological control of plant diseases, for management for biotic and abiotic stresses ([PERSON] et al., 2016), pre and post-harvest treatments of food and crops in recent years. 3-methyl-3-butten-1-ol- is an aliphatic alcohol, upregulated in USVL10A and USVL10B and found in moderate amount in USVL5 (Figure 3), is a secondary metabolite and has been shown to have an important role in plant defense and signaling mechanism.