## 3 Results
### Historical Mean Precipitation  
The average precipitation rate is about 0.21462 mm/year, with annual variability ranging from about 0.113004 mm/year to 0.299592 mm/year and a standard deviation (SD) of around 0.044676 mm/year. Future projections indicate an average precipitation rate of about 0.224256 mm/year, fluctuating with a high amplitude between 0.12264 mm/year and 0.309228 mm/year, while the dispersion from this mean is rather high at about 0.045552 mm/year. It is noted that the average precipitation rate changes, increasing at about 0.000964 mm/year historically compared to the future period (calculated as 0.000964 mm/year). Overall, these results suggest a slight increase in the average precipitation rate from the historical period to the future period. These future projections indicate a higher variability in precipitation rates compared to the historical period, with potentially higher maximum precipitation rates (Table 5). \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline
**Raster** & **Mean Prep** & **Min Prep** & **Max Prep** & **SD Prep** & **Prep Range** \\  & **(mm/year)** & **(mm/year)** & **(mm/year)** & **(mm/year)** & **(mm/year)** \\ \hline Mean Prep Change & 0.000964 & 0.000526 & 0.002190 & 0.000263 & 0.001664 \\ \hline Mean Prep Future & 0.224256 & 0.122640 & 0.309228 & 0.045552 & 0.186588 \\ \hline Mean Prep Historical & 0.214620 & 0.113004 & 0.299592 & 0.044676 & 0.185712 \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 5: Precipitation rate historically, for the future, and for change. Figure 6: Spatial distribution of (**a**) mean annual precipitation rate, (**b**) historical precipitation rate for the future, and (**c**) changes between historic and future rates. Historic and Future zonal Distribution of Precipitation  
The effects of climate change on food security, as well as an examination of zonal precipitation patterns, provide essential information about the study area. As depicted in Table 6 and Figure 7, the data indicate a steady rise in precipitation levels across different zones. For instance, the lowest recorded historical precipitation in Chamba is 0.139722 mm/year, which is projected to increase to 0.149094 mm/year in the future. This pattern holds true for maximum precipitation, which is expected to rise from 0.221102 mm/year historically to 0.23836 mm/year in the future. The study area's food security is influenced by the effects of climate change, and the analysis of zonal precipitation patterns is crucial. The data in Table 6 and Figure 7 reveal a consistent increase in precipitation across all zones, with the mean precipitation rate in Chamba projected to increase from its historical value of 0.192547 mm/year to a future mean of 0.205358 mm/year. Additionally, the future precipitation is anticipated to be more variable, as indicated by the rise in the SD. These findings are critical in the context of this research, which focuses on the implications of climatic changes for agricultural stability and food security. The anticipated increase in precipitation will have profound implications for water availability and crop production, potentially alleviating water stress and impacting crop yields positively. However, the increased variability and potential for extreme precipitation events could also pose new challenges, necessitating adaptive strategies for effective water resource management and resilient agricultural practices to safeguurd food security in the region.