## 1 Introduction  
Reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) is being broadly used as a component of asphalt mixture for new highway pavement. Many research studies indicate that there are plenty benefits of using RAP for the new asphalt mixture, including reduction of total cost in pavement construction, natural resource conservation, environment protection, and rutting resistance improvement [1; 2; 3; 4]. In the U.S., the National Asphalt Pavement Association (NAPA) has tracked the use of RAP through annual industry surveys since 2009 and found that the utilization of RAP materials was clearly increasing [5]. In 2012, contractors in 12 states used less than 15% of their total tonnage to produce the new asphalt mixture for paving purposes [6]. This represents a total tonnage increase of 22% with respect to asphalt mixtures in terms of RAP applications from 2009 to 2012 in the U.S. (from 56 to 68.3 million tons) [5]. [PERSON] et al. [7] indicated that the resistance to rutting of hot mix asphalt (HMA) with 35% RAP was better compared to only virgin asphalt due to the incorporation of aged binder. [PERSON] et al. [8] found that the high-temperature performance grade remains the same or increases only one grade for the various RAP percentages. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [9] found that the effect of moisture on RAP is similar to the effect of moisture on granular material. Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR) testing was used to evaluate recycled RAP and virgin asphalt and indicated that the shear modulus (G*) and the G*/sin \(\delta\) increased with the increasing percentage of RAP at both the high and intermediate test temperatures [10]. In addition, it also could be found that RAP sources were vital factors to determine the shear moduli and other DSR parameters [11]. Low-temperature cracking is predominant result of distress in asphalt pavements because of the thermal stress that builds up in pavements in extreme climates [12]. These low temperature cracks result in transverse cracks and other distresses along the pavement and ultimately accelerate the deterioration of the asphalt pavement structure. Some research studies indicated that the involvement of RAP material in new asphalt pavement might result in noticeable damage of pavement surface [13; 14; 15]. Therefore, the evaluation of fracture resistance for asphalt mixtures containing RAP is of interest to owners and agencies seeking better performing pavements in cold climates [12; 16]. Some articles reported that low temperature bending beam rheometer (BBR) stiffness increased with increasing RAP, the m-value decreased with the increasing percentage of RAP, and the magnitude of the changes were dependent on the RAP source [17]. In addition, it was reported that the critical low performance grade (PG) temperature increased with the increased RAP materials [10; 11; 18; 19]. [PERSON] et al. [3] found that the RAP mixtures performed similarly to their respective control mixture for all low-temperature cracking tests. These data suggest that plant-produced mixtures with up to 30% RAP may not be more susceptible to low temperature failures. [PERSON] et al. [2] reported that when using RAP, the low-temperature PG grade depended on fresh binder grade and source. Testing also showed that RAP source was not a significant factor for dynamic modulus at low temperatures, although it significantly affected the dynamic modulus at high temperatures. The addition of 40% RAP also significantly decreased the low-temperature fracture resistance [16]. However, the conventional methods of classifying aged asphalt binders from RAP materials requires initial extraction of the asphalt binder from the RAP, which involves the use of harmful chemical solvents such as trichloroethylene. In recent years, a new testing procedure has been developed to estimate the low temperature properties of the RAP binder without extraction or chemical treatments [20].