# Analysis of a Landscape Intensely Modified by Agriculture in the Tiete-Jacare Watershed, Brazil
## 3 Results
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Class**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Land Use in 2016**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Land Use in 2017**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Land Use in 2018**} \\ \cline{2-6}  & **Area (ha)** & **\%** & **Area (ha)** & **\%** & **Area (ha)** & **\%** \\ \hline Water & 18,756.00 & 1.59 & 16,325.19 & 1.38 & 16,443.45 & 1.39 \\ Sugar cane & 183,655.50 & 15.55 & 229,364.60 & 19.42 & 239,164.90 & 20.25 \\ Exposed soil & 214,901.40 & 18,0 & 241,243.10 & 20.43 & 267,116.60 & 22.62 \\ Urban area & 140,654.00 & 11.91 & 149,998.10 & 12.70 & 177,015.20 & 14.99 \\ Vegetation & 120,794.97 & 10.23 & 107,237.45 & 9.08 & 92,911.95 & 7.87 \\ Silviculture & 93,350.43 & 7.90 & 72,652.86 & 6.15 & 69,413.40 & 5.88 \\ Cirtirculture & 142,019.00 & 12.02 & 155,569.60 & 13.17 & 159,254.40 & 13.48 \\ Pasture & 266,958.70 & 22.60 & 208,699.10 & 17.67 & 159,770.10 & 13.53 \\ Total & 1,181,090.00 & 100.00 & 1,181,090.00 & 100.00 & 1,181,090.00 & 100.00 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Distribution of land use and land cover classes in the Tiete–Jacaré Watershed between 2016 and 2018. Figure 6: Land use and land cover of the Tiete–Jacaré Watershed between 2016 and 2018 (in hectares). process and was considered one of the main factors for the population's displacement from the rural to urban areas. This process also caused a change from an agrarian-exporting to urban-industrial model. Currently, more than 80% of the Brazilian population lives in urban areas, which is equivalent to the urbanization levels of developed countries. The vegetation areas occupied 120,795 ha in 2016, 107,237 ha in 2017, and 92,912 ha in 2018. These fragments are immersed in the agricultural matrix and are primarily associated with water bodies. This fact correlates with the reduction in the central water resources in the region, with a loss of 2431 ha. These natural fragments are located near the main rivers around the watershed: the Tiete-Jacare River, in the Bariri, Italy, Ibitinga, and Bocaina municipalities; the Jacare-Guacu River, in the Sao Carlos, Ribeira Bonito, Ibate, and Itirapina municipalities; the Jacare-Peira River, in the Dourado and Brotas municipalities; and the Jau River, in the Jau and Mineiros do Tiete municipalities. Figure 7 shows the land use and land cover transitions of the watershed region, where it is possible to observe some changes in all regions, mainly related to the growth of agricultural activities. Only urban and water areas remained without modifications. Sugar cane was the most significant vector of change. Figure 7: Land use and land cover transition areas in the Tiete–Jacaré Watershed between 2016 and 2018. The classification demonstrated low uncertainty when considering the validation process. In 2016, for instance, urban areas were classified as other land uses (766 pixels and 8.31%), exposed soil as pasture (77 pixels and 1.20%), and vegetation as silviculture (915 pixels and 8.93%) and citriculture (436 pixels and 4.02%). In 2017, 2075 pixels of urban areas were classified as exposed soil (19.66%), while 1349 pixels (11.26%) of citriculture belonged to the vegetation class. Finally, in 2018, 2493 pixels (29.10%) of pasture were included in the exposed soil class, whereas 1003 (11.98%) and 1005 pixels (11.981%) of vegetation were classified as silviculture and citriculture, respectively.