###### Abstract  
(1) In recent years, the economy of the Yellow River basin in China has developed rapidly, and a series of large bridges across the Yellow River have been built on both sides of the Yellow River, which has brought great convenience to regional socio-economic activities. However, risk events are prone to occur during the construction of bridges across the Yellow River, which affect the safety of the bridges' structure. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a new scientific risk assessment system for the construction safety of bridges across the Yellow River. (2) Methods: Firstly, based on the construction safety risk assessment index system of bridges across the Yellow River, the cloud AHP method and the cloud entropy weight method are used to determine the subjective weight and objective weight of risk indexes, and then the game theory combination weighting method is used to determine the comprehensive weight of each risk index, and then the digital characteristic values of the risk probability cloud and the consequence cloud are calculated and input into the forward cloud generator algorithm. MATLAB was used to generate a two-dimensional comprehensive cloud map, which was visually compared with the standard cloud map, and the probability level and consequence level of each risk index were preliminarily obtained. Finally, the risk assessment matrix was used for comprehensive risk evaluation. (3) Results: Applying the method to the construction safety risk assessment of the Jiaoping Expressway, the overall construction safety risk level of the Yellow River bridge was determined as level 4, and the risk levels of the four primary indicators were: personnel risk (level 3), material and equipment risk (level 4), construction technology risk (level 5), and construction environment risk (level 4). (4) Conclusions: The results of the risk evaluation are consistent with the actual construction state of the bridge, which shows that game theory's combination of empowerment with a two-dimensional cloud model is scientific and effective when applied to the construction safety risk evaluation of Yellow River bridges. Y 2023 2  
and equipment are encountered. The construction risk is greatly increased, which can easily lead to construction safety accidents and can affect the sustainable development of bridge structures [1]. During bridge construction, risk usually includes two aspects: on the one hand, the possibility of risk accidents, that is, the risk probability; on the other hand, the severity of losses caused by risk accidents, also known as risk losses [2]. If risks are not effectively managed and controlled during the bridge construction process, they can easily lead to extremely serious losses, mainly in the form of structural damage to bridges, casualties, and schedule delays, which bring extremely negative impacts [3]. So far, there have been occasional safety accidents in the field of bridge construction, such as the sudden collapse of the beam body of the main beam of the Baiqiaokeng Bridge in Guangdong Province and the sudden collapse of the bridge-erecting machine when the prefabricated box girder was assembled as part of Jiashao Bridge in Zhejiang Province. The reasons are numerous, involving various aspects such as design, construction, environment, and management factors [4]. In view of the current research on the safety risk assessment of the construction of bridges across the Yellow River, most of the research focuses on qualitative analysis, which is easily limited to the study of the direct risk factors of safety accidents and lacks in-depth analysis of the nature and mechanism of risks. In addition, during construction, bridges across the Yellow River are affected by many factors such as social environment, natural environment, construction personnel, management, construction technology, materials, and equipment, and these uncertain factors greatly increase the difficulty of construction control.