###### Abstract
[8] combined DEMATEL-ISM-MICMAC approaches to develop an interconnected framework of halsalsustainable supply chain management (HSSCM) indicators specifically designed for small and medium-sized enterprises. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [9] examined how industrial transformation could reduce fossil fuel dependence through correlation analysis. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [10] used data envelopment analysis (DEA) to study state-owned enterprises' role in industrial restructuring across Chinese provinces. In technology and innovation studies, [PERSON] [11] developed the LASIS model to analyze how technological innovation drives industrial upgrading, while [PERSON] and [PERSON] [12] employed panel models to assess marine technology's impact on industry development. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [13] demonstrated the positive effects of digital transformation on supply chain stability and industrial structure through statistical analysis. In aviation-specific research, [PERSON] [14] utilized Analytic Network Process (ANP) and DEMATEL methods to evaluate make-or-buy decisions for aviation products. Additional studies focused on manufacturing transformation include [PERSON] and [PERSON]'s [15] grounded theory approach, [PERSON] and [PERSON]'s [16] Bayesian analysis of innovation paths, and [PERSON] and [PERSON]'s [17] sensitivity analysis of aviation industry management strategies. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [18] combined SWOT analysis with AHP to develop strategic improvements for aviation maintenance operations. While the existing literature has extensively covered transformation strategies for traditional industries, there is a notable gap in research specifically addressing transitions into the aviation sector. Moreover, the combined application of DEMATEL and Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) methodologies remains underutilized in transformation studies. In particular, there has been no comprehensive research examining how traditional industrial enterprises can successfully transform into high-value-added firms within the aviation industry. Our study addresses these knowledge gaps through an integrated methodological approach, combining grey DEMATEL and ISM analysis to identify and examine the critical factors that enable successful entry into the aviation sector. DEMATEL serves as a graphical analysis tool widely used to study critical factors, distinguishing between cause-and-effect relationships [19; 20; 21]. Complementing this, ISM provides a hierarchical analysis of factors, revealing their upstream and downstream relationships. The integration of DEMATEL and ISM methodologies can provide a comprehensive analytical framework, revealing both the causal relationships and hierarchical structures among factors essential for traditional businesses seeking to enter the aviation industry. Furthermore, previous studies have mostly used crisp values for analysis, without considering the uncertainty that may arise from incomplete information available to decision-makers, as well as the inconsistencies that may occur due to differences in individual decision-makers' experiences. To address the inherent limitations of DEMATEL and ISM analyses, which heavily rely on expert judgment, this study employs two specialized methods. The grey number approach [22] helps manage uncertainty stemming from incomplete information, while the Aczel-Alsina function [23] provides a more sophisticated alternative to traditional averaging methods for synthesizing expert opinions. Unlike simple averaging, which can be skewed by extreme values and ignores expert credentials, the Aczel-Alsina function effectively accounts for varying levels of expertise and experience among decision-makers, resulting in more accurate weightings of expert judgments. The specific contributions of this paper include the following:  
1. Provides information on the factors critical to the transformation of traditional industries into aviation manufacturing;
2.