# Human Psychophysiological Activity Estimation Based on Smartphone Camera and Wearable Electronics
## 4 Meditation Estimation Approach  
### Patterns of Human Behavior Based on Wearable Electronics  
We determine four main patterns of human behavior that are related to the meditation process. Patterns require continuous measurement of the heart rate and acceleration parameters of the human body. The most affordable tools of measurement in this case are wearable electronics devices, which have risen in popularity in the last few years. We made measurements for verifying distinguished patterns. In the experiment, recipients performed various body movements, experienced emotions, and meditated. The measurements involved completely healthy people. Recipients did not have any diseases associated with the heart or vascular system. The main parameter was the heart rate and movements.  
The first pattern is a completely calm pattern. In the measurement for this pattern, a recipient was in a state of calm during meditation, and they were not affected by external and internal factors (see Figure 5). The linearity of the heartbeat and the minimum level of acceleration characterize the calmness of a human. However, not all recipients were able to achieve complete calm. The heart rate of Person 1 jumped briefly, which can be caused by a short exciting thought.  
Emotional patterns are related to significant increases in heart rate while human activity is minimal. Figure 6 shows that the heart rate depends also on the emotional state of a person: on his or her thoughts. The heart rate of some recipients increased and decreased smoothly, while the heart rates of others changed sharply. This feature is caused by the internal characteristics of an individual's thinking, which influence his/her body and will be taken into account in further studies.  
Figure 4: Reference model of the psychophysiological activity detection system.  
Figure 5: Heart rate and acceleration for the complete calm pattern estimated for five people.  
Figure 6: Heart rate and acceleration for the emotional pattern.  
The next considered pattern is a gesture pattern. In the measurement for this pattern, we asked a human to make some gestures. Gesture patterns are characterized by small body movements such as scratching or small movements of the hands. In these instances, the heart rate of the person is not increased. At the same time, the level of activity is spasmodic (Figure 7). Small gestures practically do not affect the heart rate. However, the heart rate of People 1, 2, and 3 was increasing. Probably, for some people, even small body movements cause a strain on the heart. Large single movements of body parts have a minor effect on the heart rate. During small body movements such as scratching or small movements of the hands, the heart rate of the recipients did not increase. At the same time, the level of activity was spasmodic.  
At the end, let us consider the situation in which a person moves during the meditation practice. During the movement pattern, the heart rate of a person rises in accordance with the level of physical activity when a person performs his/her daily activity or various physical exercises (see Figure 8). It is obvious that during meditation, a person should be in a practically motionless pose. This will allow him/her to focus on the process and achieve complete peace of mind. The heart rate of some people was increasing, while the hear rate of others was jumping during the movement. Different heartbeat behaviors are caused by different physical parameters of recipients and their activities.  
Figure 7: Heart rate and acceleration for the gesture pattern.