# Quantifying the Occurrence of Multi-Hazards Due to Climate Change
## 3 Results and Discussion
### Multi-Hazard Probability Maps  
Figure 7 depicts the spatial distribution of the probability of occurrence of the most dominant hazard calculated for the historical period and both future periods and scenarios. The dominant-hazard map for the historic period indicates the dominance of extreme TX over plains and coastal areas and the dominance of extreme TN at topographic heights higher than \(\sim\)500 m a.m.s.l (Figure 7a). Over the seas, the islands of the central Aegean and the southeastern corners of Evia and Peloponnese, the extreme winds become dominant. However, extreme temperatures preside in the islands of the Ionian and eastern Aegean Seas, while in the northern parts of some of them, the extremely low temperatures or extreme winds dominate. In the case of Crete in particular, we observe the dominance of the three hazards with extreme TX and TN over the plains and high mountainous regions, respectively, and windstorms over the remaining areas of the island. Moreover, the dominance of extreme rainfall is observed in parts of the eastern coasts of the central mainland and Peloponnese. The projected changes according to RCP4.5 in the near future yield a more extended dominance of extreme TX, particularly in the areas of Peloponnese, the central-eastern mainland and in the north of the country over the plains of central and eastern Macedonia and Thrace (Figure 7b). The same effect is observed in the central Aegean islands and northern parts of Crete. In addition, the extreme rainfall is seen to prevail more extensively in eastern coastal areas of the mainland. On the other hand, according to RCP8.5, the dominance of extreme TX becomes more profound in Thessaly and the plains areas of northern Greece (Figure 7c). Moreover, an interesting pattern of prevailing extreme winds is revealed in parts of the mainland and mostly in the Peloponnese where in the historical period the dominance of extreme temperatures was evident. Furthermore, RCP8.5 presents extremely windier conditions for the Ionian islands and Crete. This result agrees with the findings of [PERSON] et al. [56] that highlighted the reduction in the persisting anticyclonic activities over Greece and the Balkans in the near future, a change that denotes less frequent stagnant atmospheric conditions. The same study indicated a possible reduction in the passage of cyclones over Greece originating from the cyclogenesis region of the Central Mediterranean and the Adriatic Sea that could explain the reduced extreme-rainfall findings. In the far future, the projected changes due to RCP4.5 show the dominance of extreme TX in areas of low altitude and more vividly in western Greece, Peloponnese, Thessaly and the northern mainland (Figure 7d). Additionally, in Crete and the central Aegean islands the extreme winds become less dominant and extreme TX predominates. In addition, the extreme rainfall is noted to persist in the far future over coastal parts of the eastern mainland. All the same, the extreme TN dominates in the mountainous areas. The high occurrence of extreme-winter-cold events under high-emission scenarios agrees with other climate-model projections that estimated increases in mid-latitude westerlies and northerly cold-air flow due to the influence of the upper-tropospheric equator-to-pole temperature difference in the storm-track response to climate change [58]. Furthermore, the RCP8.5 projections of the far future showcase the extended dominance of extreme TX in the islands and mainland except for the highest altitudes (circa 1500 m a.m.s.l.) (Figure 7**e**). The future intensification of extreme-temperature events is in agreement with other studies due to non-linear interactions, which are presently not quantified, between Arctic teleconnections and other remote and regional feedback processes [59; 60]. Furthermore, the extreme winds remain the dominant hazard over the seas while the eastern coasts of the mainland would mostly experience extreme rainfall events that only persist locally in the far future.