## 3 Results
### VOC Profile of C. depressa Leaves of Different Origins  
In total, 63 VOCs were identified from the 100 chromatographic peaks detected in the leaves of the 23 accessions of _C. depressa_ (Supplementary Table S2). The average of the relative percentage of the identified VOCs in all accessions was 98.7% of total normalized intensity. The average of log\({}_{10}\) normalized intensity for the Kagoshima accessions was 1.80, with a maximum value of 1.91 in \"Kakeroma\" and a minimum value of 1.67 in \"Okinoerabu\" (Figure 3a). On the other hand, the average for the Okinawan accessions was 1.63, with a maximum value of 1.91 in \"Ogimi 1\" and a minimum value of 1.29 in \"Kabuchi-hybrid\". The average value for Taiwanese accessions in \"Taoyuan\" was 1.65, with a maximum value of 1.69 in \"Nantou\" and a minimum value of 1.61 in \"Taoyuan\". Figure 3: _Cont._  
Figure 2: Dendrogram of _C. depressa_ accessions generated by the UPGMA cluster analysis of CAPS markers. The accessions were categorized into four groups at the first and second branches as Groups A–D. The predominant VOCs in the leaves were monoterpenes, and the heat map visualized the normalized intensity of 16 VOCs derived from the top 10 predominant compounds in each accession (Figure 3b). p-Cymene, \(\gamma\)-terpinene, limonene, and linaloid were the main components of 23 accessions of _C. depressa_ leaves, while the VOCs in moderate amounts depending on the accessions were the following five compounds: thymol, thymol, methyl ether, carvacrol methyl ether, piperitone, and (Z)-\(\beta\)-ocimene. Kagoshima accessions except \"Tokunoshima 1\" were rich in thymol methyl ether, piperitone, and (Z)-\(\beta\)-ocimene. On the other hand, Okinawan \"Izumi kugani-like\", \"Kohama\", \"Ogimi 1\", and \"Sokhihdaai\", had higher amounts of thymol. Furthermore, Okinawan \"Ogimi 1\" contained the five moderate VOCs in much higher quantities, and Okinawan \"Izumi Kugani\" had a characteristic of containing greater amounts of carvacrol methyl ether. The PCA plot, which was created to represent the distinction between _C. depressa_ accessions based on chromatographic peaks, roughly elicited several groups of accessions distinguished from one another (Figure 3c,d). Five accessions from Kagoshima were plotted in a diagonal linear cluster, from the PC1-positive/PC2-negative quadrant to the PC1-positive/PC2-positive quadrant. Two Okinawan accessions, \"Tokashiki\" and \"Kohama\", were assembled distinctively from the others as they were plotted around the PC1 axis on its negative end (zero and near to ordinates on PC2). Moreover, Okinawan \"Kabuchi-hybrid\" was solely plotted on the farthest position of the PC1-negative/PC2-positive quadrant. Other Okinawan accessions and Taiwanese \"Nantou\" and \"Taoyuan\"  
Figure 3: Normalized intensities and multivariate statistical plots of VOCs in _C. depressa_ leaves: (**a**) normalized intensities of total compounds; (**b**) heat map of normalized intensities of major compounds; (**c**) PCA score plot; (**d**) PCA loading plot; (**e**) OPLS-DA score plot; (**f**) OPLS-DA loading plot. Accession numbers in (**a,b**) are as follows: (1) KGS-Amani Oshima, (2) KGS-Kakeroma, (3) KGS-Okinoerabu, (4) KGS-Tokunoshima 1, (5) KGS-Tokunoshima 2, (6) OKN-Hijakunibu, (7) OKN-Himonete, (8) OKN-Ishikunibu, (9) OKN-Izumi kugani, (10) OKN-Izumi kugani-like, (11) OKN-Kaachi, (12) OKN-Kabuchi-hybrid, (13) OKN-Katsuyama kugani, (14) OKN-Kohama, (15) OKN-Motobu, (16) OKN-Nakamoto seedless, (17) OKN-Ogimi 1, (18) OKN-Ogimi 2, (19) OKN-Ogimi kugani, (20) OKN-Sokhidai, (21) OKN-Tokashiki, (22) TWN-Nantou, and (23) TWN-Taoyuan. were intertwined with each other and have not separated themselves as a distinctive group. The positive direction of PC1 in the loading plot was dominated by monoterpenes, while the negative direction was occupied by sesquiterpenes (Figure 3d); it can be inferred that the monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes can be associated with the Kagoshima accessions and the group of \"Kohama\" and \"Tokashiki\", respectively.