## 1 Introduction
[PERSON] utilized fractal dimensions to analyze the architectural plans and continuous facade forms of Malin Village in Henan Province, providing valuable information for village planning [13]. [PERSON] et al. applied various methods including fractal dimensions to examine diverse spatial distribution characteristics of rural settlements in Liangjiang New Area, Chongqing City, correlating factors such as elevation and slope with settlement morphology indicators [14]. Additionally, there are instances where fractal geometry has been applied to analyze changes in natural environmental development [15]. However, current research within the field of fractal geometry concerning the spatial morphology of settlements primarily focuses on calculating and analyzing the fractal dimensions of overall planar layouts and facades. The effectiveness of related factors within individual villages remains inadequately explored. In contrast, [PERSON]'s study on Zhengzhou identified 158 unit grids as objects for analysis; this approach effectively examined how road networks and land use patterns influence fractal dimensions at a grid level [16]. These studies provide new insights into analyzing internal spatial morphologies within settlements. Through the establishment of regression models, it is possible to explore the impact of various factors on the spatial morphology within settlements [17; 18]. Given the significant spatial heterogeneity in the topographic and geographic characteristics of settlements, this study employs a Multiscale Geographically Weighted Regression (MGWR) model to enable dynamic regression analysis of variables across the spatial dimension, thereby more accurately revealing the differentiated mechanisms by which various factors influence set tlement spatial morphology [19]. Regarding the factors influencing the spatial morphology of mountainous settlements, scholars generally agree that slope, aspect, and elevation have the most direct effects on building and road configurations within these areas [20; 21; 22]. By referencing land use patterns [23], slope, aspect, and elevation are incorporated as factors in the regression analysis [24]. In summary, although scholars have applied fractal geometry to the study of urban and settlement morphology, research at the settlement level remains largely focused on holistic fractal analyses of villages. This approach does not significantly uncover the patterns and underlying logic of how various factors influence the internal spatial morphology. Furthermore, studies on mountainous settlements predominantly rely on qualitative analysis, with investigations into the impact of terrain on spatial morphology still in their infancy. Based on this context, this paper selects twelve traditional settlements within Jiexiu City in Jinzhong Prefecture, Shanxi Province as research subjects to explore the correlation between their spatial morphology and topography. Furthermore, a Multiscale Geographically Weighted Regression (MGWR) model is applied, using Xingdi Village in Jiexiu City as a case study, to deeply analyze the mechanisms by which terrain influences the internal spatial morphology of the settlement. This study aims to provide an initial analysis of the formation patterns of the planar spatial morphology of traditional mountainous settlements while investigating its underlying causes. The findings will offer a theoretical foundation for updating and protecting traditional settlements and hold certain guiding significance for rural planning efforts.