# Change of Competences in the Context of Industry 4.0 Implementation
## 3 Results
: _There is a significant difference in the perception of one's disadvantage as an employee in different job roles._  
The hypothesis was tested on the basis of job positions and the results are shown in Table 7. The hypothesis was tested by ChiSquare test and the strength of the correlation was determined by Cramer's V and the results are shown in Table 8.  
Significance was found to be greater than 0.05, which indicates that we do not reject H0 at the 0.05 level of significance and implies that there are no significant differences \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & **Production** & **Worker** & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Administrative Staff**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Employee Specialist**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Management**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Overall**} \\ \cline{2-11}  & **Absolute** & **Relative** & **Absolute** & **Relative** & **Frequency** & **Absolute** & **Relative** & **Absolute** & **Relative** & **Absolute** & **Relative** \\  & **Frequency** & **Frequency** & **Frequency** & **Frequency** & **Frequency** & **Frequency** & **Frequency** & **Frequency** & **Frequency** & **Frequency** & **Frequency** \\ \hline profession (some professions are more at risk) & 8 & 7\% & 5 & 4\% & 9 & 5\% & 4 & 5\% & 26 & 5\% \\ \hline skills (lack of skills or qualifications) & 15 & 13\% & 11 & 8\% & 17 & 10\% & 4 & 5\% & 47 & 10\% \\ \hline health restrictions & 7 & 6\% & 2 & 1\% & 6 & 3\% & 1 & 1\% & 16 & 3\% \\ \hline geographical (limited opportunities in the region) & 5 & 4\% & 13 & 10\% & 12 & 7\% & 6 & 8\% & 36 & 7\% \\ \hline life situation & 2 & 2\% & 5 & 4\% & 4 & 2\% & 3 & 4\% & 14 & 3\% \\ \hline age (low or high age may be a disadvantage) & 12 & 11\% & 15 & 11\% & 23 & 13\% & 5 & 7\% & **55** & **11\%** \\ \hline gender (more women or men may be disadvantaged) & 4 & 4\% & 8 & 6\% & 6 & 3\% & 1 & 1\% & 19 & 4\% \\ \hline lack of language skills (foreign language) & 21 & 19\% & 31 & 23\% & 34 & 20\% & 14 & 19\% & **100** & **20\%** \\ \hline insufficient work experience & 11 & 10\% & 16 & 12\% & 16 & 9\% & 4 & 5\% & 47 & 10\% \\ \hline work experience in one area only & 16 & 14\% & 15 & 11\% & 20 & 12\% & 9 & 12\% & **60** & **12\%** \\ \hline I don’t feel disadvantage & 12 & 11\% & 13 & 10\% & 26 & 15\% & 23 & 31\% & **74** & **15\%** \\ \hline
**overall** & 113 & 100\% & 134 & 100\% & 173 & 100\% & 74 & 100\% & 494 & 100\% \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 6: Responses to the question “In which aspect do you perceive your disadvantage as an employee, or when looking for a new job?” (Source: own processing, 2023). \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline  & **Value** & **df** & **Asymptotic Significance (2-Sided)** \\ \hline
**Pearson Chi-Square** & **29.722 a** & **24** & **0.194** \\ Likelihood Ratio & 27.938 & 24 & 0.263 \\ N of Valid Cases & 475 & & \\ \hline a. 2 cells (5.6\%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 4.00. & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 7: Results of Hypothesis 2 (Source: own processing, 2023). \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline  & **Value** & **Approximate Significance** \\ \hline Nominal by Nominal & **Phi** & **0.250** & **0.194** \\
**Cramer’s V** & **0.144** & 0.194 \\ Contingency Coefficient & 0.243 & 0.194 \\ N of Valid Cases & 475 & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 8: Results of Hypothesis 2—Cramer’s V (Source: own processing, 2023). between employees in their feelings of disadvantage. Since the value of Cramer's V is 0.144, the result is that the dependence between the variables is very weak. **RQ3: Which competences (skills) do you consider most important in the light of digitalisation and automation of work (0 don't know; 1 least important to 5 most important)? **  
In the following research question, we focused on the competencies (skills) that employees consider most important in the light of the digitalisation and automation of work.