## 3 Simulation Test Case  
The framework proposed in the previous section is evaluated regarding whether it can detect stator winding damage in induction motors. In practice, the experimental analysis of electromechanical systems under normal and damaged operation conditions is not always possible due to the need to damage the equipment. To address the above-mentioned problem, a 3-phase low-voltage squirrel-cage motor is simulated using MATLAB Simulink.  
The simulation model utilized a 4 kW, 3-phase squirrel-cage induction motor (IM) and a fault block to replicate faulty operations. Figure 5 displays the finalized model, while Table 1 outlines the key components, including the IM and fault block [22].  
Figure 4: Data acquisition procedure performed from Prisma SenseTM.  
The selection of the 3-phase squirrel-cage motor is based on its extensive use in various electromechanical systems, including maritime applications. The model is developed to simulate the operation of the induction motor alongside a damaged block specifically designed to emulate faults. The detailed specifications of both the induction motor and the damage block are outlined in Table 2, while Figure 2 illustrates the simulation setup within the MATLAB workspace. The focus of the damage analysis is on the stator winding during a short-circuit event. The Simulink 3-phase damage block is capable of simulating two types of faults: phase-to-phase and phase-to-ground short circuits. Specifically, six different scenarios are examined: phases A to ground (G), phases B to ground (G), phases C to ground (G), phases A-B, phases A-C, and phases C-B. Additionally, the level of damage, indicated by the resistance, is a crucial factor. The literature [23] suggests that lower resistance indicates a severe insulation failure, representing a complete interturn short circuit, whereas higher resistance can produce similar malfunctions that are more challenging to detect.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**Block Name** & **Parameter** & **Value** \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{3-phase squirrel-cage IM (4 kW, 400 V, 50 Hz, 1430 rpm)} & Stator resistance & 1.4050 \(\Omega\) \\  & Rotor resistance & 1.3590 \(\Omega\) \\  & Stator inductance & 0.005839 H \\  & Rotor inductance & 0.005839 H \\ \cline{1-1}  & Pole pairs & 2 \\ \cline{1-1}  & Friction factor & 0.002985 N.m.s \\ \cline{1-1}  & Inertia & 0.0131 J/kg.m\({}^{2}\) \\ \cline{1-1}  & Mutual inductance & 0.1722 H \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{3-phase block of fault} & Damage resistance & 0.1 \(\Omega\) \\ \cline{1-1}  & Ground resistance & 0.01 \(\Omega\) \\ \cline{1-1}  & Snubber resistance & 106 \(\Omega\) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 1: Motor simulation details and specs.  
Figure 5: Simulation setup as represented in MATLAB’s workspace.  
The simulation is conducted over 5 s, utilizing a sampling frequency of 20 kHz to capture the 3-phase stator currents. The torque of the induction motor is regulated by adjusting the load step function, which in turn affects the angular velocity, as detailed in Table 2.  
Figure 6 illustrates the signals observed in both the healthy and damaged states, revealing that the transient phase at the start of the motor's operation results in an overshoot. Furthermore, the fluctuations in the current time series align with the load pattern. The current signal for the damaged 3-phase motor, as shown in Figure 3, emphasizes the variations occurring between 1.4 and 1.7 s, which are indicative of the damage effect.