## 3 Bibliometric Analysis
### Study of Authors, Journals, Institutions, and Countries  
After analyzing the most cited articles, the most productive researchers in the field were identified. Figure 6 illustrates the number of publications per author, offering insight into research distribution. Although individual author contributions appear limited, this reflects a distributed research landscape rather than dominance by a few scholars. This suggests an evolving field with opportunities for further collaboration and consolidation in renewable energy strategies under extreme drought conditions. Figure 6 visualizes author productivity using a circle size to represent annual publication volume, while the circle color reflects total citations per year. The most productive author was [PERSON] (three publications), followed by [PERSON], [PERSON], [PERSON], [PERSON], [PERSON], and [PERSON] (each with two publications)[PERSON] [PERSON] and [PERSON] also stood out with 98 citations per year, making them the most influential researchers. High-impact contributions appear in journals like _Energy_ ([PERSON], [PERSON]), _Applied Energy_ ([PERSON]), and _Desalination_ ([PERSON]). Some authors, such as [PERSON] and [PERSON], consistently publish over time, suggesting sustained leadership in the field. Their work aligns with keyword clusters emphasizing renewable energy and optimization. Meanwhile, despite fewer publications, [PERSON] and [PERSON] exhibit high citation impact, indicating the relevance and longevity of their studies. New researchers like [PERSON] and [PERSON] highlight continuous renewal in clean energy research. Their emergence suggests that the field is attracting new contributors and beginning to shape discussions on solar energy and climate change. Figure 7 shows the groups of leading journals where the articles reviewed in this study were published. The most prominent journals in this field are _Energy_, with several documents published over the past 19 years, followed by _Applied Energy_, _Environmental Science_, _and Pollution Research_, _International Journal of Hydrogen Energy_, and _Journal of Cleaner Production_. Figure 7 highlights the key journals contributing to renewable energy research. The blue and green clusters include journals such as _Desalination_, _Energy_, _Renewable Energy_, _Solar Energy_, and _Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews_, which lead in publication volume and citation impact. Energy accounts for 20% of total publications, while Applied Energy has the highest average citations per paper, with 31%. This trend reflects the predominant focus on clean energy generation and resource optimization. The keyword cluster analysis aligns with these findings, as dominant terms like \"solar energy\" and \"renewable energy\" reinforce these journals' role in shaping discussions on renewable integration under extreme climatic conditions. Their contribution is crucial to research on sustainable energy solutions, particularly in response to water scarcity and climate-induced disruptions. Figure 6: Bibliometric analysis of the 15 most cited authors. The red cluster includes journals like _Nano Energy_ and _ACS Photonics_, linked to advanced materials and nano energy applications. Their research focuses on novel energy materials and technologies, particularly energy efficiency and storage innovations. The interdisciplinary cluster, featuring high-impact journals such as _Nature_ and _Science_, underscores the growing attention to sustainability in broader scientific domains, promoting collaboration and knowledge dissemination. Lastly, the purple cluster, grouping environmental conservation-focused journals, highlights the significance of energy research within sustainability frameworks. Figure 8 illustrates scientific contributions by country (a) and collaboration networks (b). China leads with 60 publications, followed by the United States (40), India (19), and Italy (17). These countries are pivotal in renewable energy research and development, contributing to the global energy transition.