## 3 Results
### Soil Physicochemical Characteristics
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline
**Sampling Time** & **Location** & **pH** & **EC** & **TC** & **TN** \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{July, 2018} & 1 & 6.85 \(\pm\) 0.21 \({}^{\text{Bb}}\) & 7.83 \(\pm\) 0.38 \({}^{\text{Ca}}\) & 13.27 \(\pm\) 0.69 \({}^{\text{Cb}}\) & 0.95 \(\pm\) 0.01 \({}^{\text{Cb}}\) \\  & 2 & 6.77 \(\pm\) 0.06 \({}^{\text{Bb}}\) & 3.45 \(\pm\) 0.29 \({}^{\text{Db}}\) & 52.18 \(\pm\) 0.60 \({}^{\text{Bb}}\) & 1.70 \(\pm\) 0.10 \({}^{\text{Bb}}\) \\  & 3 & 6.44 \(\pm\) 0.24 \({}^{\text{Db}}\) & 15.63 \(\pm\) 0.09 \({}^{\text{Ba}}\) & 66.00 \(\pm\) 2.50 \({}^{\text{Ab}}\) & 2.24 \(\pm\) 0.09 \({}^{\text{Ab}}\) \\  & 4 & 6.76 \(\pm\) 0.08 \({}^{\text{Ba}}\) & 5.97 \(\pm\) 0.77 \({}^{\text{Cb}}\) & 69.20 \(\pm\) 8.77 \({}^{\text{Aa}}\) & 2.74 \(\pm\) 0.22 \({}^{\text{Ab}}\) \\  & 5 & 7.09 \(\pm\) 0.12 \({}^{\text{Aa}}\) & 7.23 \(\pm\) 0.48 \({}^{\text{Cb}}\) & 25.68 \(\pm\) 3.93 \({}^{\text{Cb}}\) & 1.69 \(\pm\) 0.16 \({}^{\text{Bb}}\) \\  & 6 & 6.63 \(\pm\) 0.09 \({}^{\text{Cb}}\) & 7.70 \(\pm\) 0.06 \({}^{\text{Cb}}\) & 26.62 \(\pm\) 2.32 \({}^{\text{Cb}}\) & 1.64 \(\pm\) 0.14 \({}^{\text{Bb}}\) \\  & 7 & 7.03 \(\pm\) 0.02 \({}^{\text{Aa}}\) & 13.57 \(\pm\) 1.25 \({}^{\text{Aa}}\) & 62.02 \(\pm\) 4.07 \({}^{\text{Ab}}\) & 2.57 \(\pm\) 0.10 \({}^{\text{Ab}}\) \\  & 8 & 7.13 \(\pm\) 0.03 \({}^{\text{Ba}}\) & 19.10 \(\pm\) 2.23 \({}^{\text{Aa}}\) & 44.69 \(\pm\) 5.67 \({}^{\text{Bb}}\) & 2.13 \(\pm\) 0.26 \({}^{\text{Ab}}\) \\  & **Average** & 6.83 \(\pm\) 0.08 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 9.56 \(\pm\) 1.90 \({}^{\text{b}}\) & 50.53 \(\pm\) 9.26 \({}^{\text{b}}\) & 2.13 \(\pm\) 0.28 \({}^{\text{b}}\) \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{January, 2019} & 1 & 7.03 \(\pm\) 0.06 \({}^{\text{Aa}}\) & 8.45 \(\pm\) 0.01 \({}^{\text{Ca}}\) & 28.65 \(\pm\) 3.66 \({}^{\text{Da}}\) & 1.79 \(\pm\) 0.32 \({}^{\text{Ca}}\) \\  & 2 & 6.86 \(\pm\) 0.21 \({}^{\text{Cb}}\) & 9.78 \(\pm\) 0.00 \({}^{\text{Ba}}\) & 70.18 \(\pm\) 2.47 \({}^{\text{Ba}}\) & 2.78 \(\pm\) 0.06 \({}^{\text{Ca}}\) \\ \cline{1-1}  & 3 & 6.93 \(\pm\) 0.36 \({}^{\text{Ba}}\) & 16.41 \(\pm\) 0.29 \({}^{\text{Aa}}\) & 93.91 \(\pm\) 2.04 \({}^{\text{Aa}}\) & 3.14 \(\pm\) 0.24 \({}^{\text{Ba}}\) \\ \cline{1-1}  & 4 & 6.09 \(\pm\) 0.27 \({}^{\text{Db}}\) & 10.06 \(\pm\) 1.90 \({}^{\text{Ba}}\) & 76.94 \(\pm\) 4.28 \({}^{\text{Ba}}\) & 2.13 \(\pm\) 0.28 \({}^{\text{Ca}}\) \\ \cline{1-1}  & 5 & 6.97 \(\pm\) 0.02 \({}^{\text{Bb}}\) & 18.42 \(\pm\) 1.26 \({}^{\text{Aa}}\) & 75.52 \(\pm\) 4.96 \({}^{\text{Ba}}\) & 4.18 \(\pm\) 0.07 \({}^{\text{Ba}}\) \\ \cline{1-1}  & 6 & 6.95 \(\pm\) 0.06 \({}^{\text{Ba}}\) & 12.17 \(\pm\) 1.22 \({}^{\text{Ba}}\) & 49.80 \(\pm\) 2.94 \({}^{\text{Ca}}\) & 3.96 \(\pm\) 0.39 \({}^{\text{Ba}}\) \\ \cline{1-1}  & 7 & 6.81 \(\pm\) 0.15 \({}^{\text{Cb}}\) & 11.50 \(\pm\) 0.15 \({}^{\text{Bb}}\) & 102.93 \(\pm\) 9.81 \({}^{\text{Aa}}\) & 5.29 \(\pm\) 0.48 \({}^{\text{Aa}}\) \\ \cline{1-1}  & 8 & 6.84 \(\pm\) 0.09 \({}^{\text{Cb}}\) & 9.34 \(\pm\) 0.72 \({}^{\text{Bb}}\) & 65.15 \(\pm\) 5.04 \({}^{\text{Ba}}\) & 4.09 \(\pm\) 0.36 \({}^{\text{Ba}}\) \\ \cline{1-1}  & **Average** & 6.81 \(\pm\) 0.01 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 12.16 \(\pm\) 1.23 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 70.38 \(\pm\) 8.31 \({}^{\text{a}}\) & 3.55 \(\pm\) 0.37 \({}^{\text{a}}\) \\ \hline \end{tabular}  
* Note: Values are means \(\pm\) stand error (\(n=3\)). EC: mS/cm; total carbon (TC) and total nitrogen (TN): g/kg. Means of each soil parameter with different capital letters at different sampling locations for the same sampling campaign indicate significant difference (one-way ANOVA test at \(p<0.05\)) and means of each soil parameter with small letters for the two different sampling campaigns at the same sampling location indicate a significant difference (\(t\)-test at \(p<0.05\)).  
\end{table} 
Table 1: Soil pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total carbon and total nitrogen in the investigated mangrove soils \({}^{1}\). Figure 2: Concentration (mg/kg) of heavy metal in the surface soils collected at a different sampling location.