## 2 Literature Review  
This research is on the allocation problem of container-liner slot resources devices from the perspective of RM. This field of research encompasses various dimensions such as market segmentation, slot-booking strategies, and channels. Originating in the 1970s, RM aids to maximize revenue and profit through tailored services to personalized demands. RM is applied to tackling different products or services within constrained capacities, exploiting prearranged information [21]. Within the context of its applications in transport slot allocation, RM emerged in air transportation slot allocation, and then [22; 23] introduced it into the maritime transportation industry. Following the slot allocation problem with RM, the research scenario is gradually evolving from a single route and single voyage [24; 25] to multiple routes and multiple voyages [17; 26]. Market segmentation serves as a prominent strategy in addressing resource allocation challenges within the liner market. It refers to the classification process of categorizing the market into distinct segments based on variations in customers' consumption demands and purchasing behaviors. Any market segment comprises consumer groups with similar demands. The segmentation strategy within the liner shipping market was initially proposed by [27], followed by the presentation of various segmentation criteria. The current market segmentation criteria have been summarized, including the type of containers, the partnership between the shipper and the liner, and the urgency of the cargoes (requirements for transportation time). In addition, the liner container slot resource allocation market is subdivided into dry bulk containers, refrigerated containers, and open-top containers sized for 20' and 40' containers separately by [28; 29; 30]. Refs. [31; 32] classified the market into contract customers, general customers, and emergency customers based on the type of shipper. Refs. [31; 33] divided the market into contract and spot markets. Ref. [16] subdivide the market into emergency and non-emergency cargo markets based on service time considerations. Due to intense market competition, the shipping market has evolved into a service-oriented market. Aiming at upgrading market competitiveness, liner companies provide diverse services for different customers to boost revenue. Therefore, a series of booking strategies are derived, each tailored to address specific challenges and opportunities within the industry. These strategies include bidding strategies, booking limit strategies, nested booking limit strategies, overbooking strategies, and delayed delivery strategies. The bidding strategy was first proposed by [34]. Subsequently, ref. [35] pioneered the application of bidding strategies to revenue management network problems. Building upon this foundation, the bid-price control strategy [36] and discriminatory bidding strategy [37] were derived. [PERSON]. [38] further contributed to the field by proposing the top three slot reservation acceptance strategies mentioned above. Ref. [39] verified that the booking limit strategy can benefit liner companies compared to the traditional first-come, first-served strategy by simulation. In terms of delivery strategies, ref. [40] pioneered a delay-in-delivery strategy that allowed liner companies to delay shipments to contracted customers. Expanding on this, ref. [17] derived and compared the overbooking (OB) with delivery-postponed (DP) strategies for liner companies. Research on issues related to slot allocation will gradually focus on the new slot reservation channel under demand orientation. There are many drawbacks to the traditional single-slot sales channel. Firstly, when market demand is vigorous, a liner company may struggle to fulfill the shipping requirements of contract shippers. Conversely, during periods of weak market demand, the contract shipper cannot provide sufficient supply, resulting in a waste of slot resources.