## 3 Results and Discussion
### Mechanical Characterization of the Hybrid Coupons Based on the Small Punch Tests  
Once all the specimens were tested and their force-displacement (\(F\)-\(v\)) curves obtained, the yield strength and maximum load for each condition were estimated according to the standard ASTM E3205 and using the empirical correlations described in Equations (2) and (3) for the yield strength and maximum load, respectively. A representative \(F\)-\(v\) curve for each condition is presented in Figure 9. As can be seen, there are clear differences in the curves for the different conditions. The 100% wrought sample yielded the highest load and displacement values while the 100% DED-LB sample yielded the lowest load and displacement values, with the curves of the joining section in between these extrema. The parameters \(\beta_{Rm0.2}\) and \(\beta_{Rm}\) are constants that are defined by correlating tensile and SPTs on metallic materials. The values used in this report have been obtained from the literature [31], where \(\beta_{Rm}\) = 0.277 and \(\beta_{Rp0.2}\) = 0.476. The results obtained are shown in Table 3, where the data correspond to average values of the three tested samples for each condition and the corresponding standard deviations. The results are plotted in Figure 10. Table 3 also shows for comparison the estimated values of the results obtained by weighting according to the corresponding percentage of the hybridized sample with  
Figure 8: EDX mapping analysis of the Inconel 718 powder particles shown in Figure 7a. Figure 7: (**a**) Morphology of the Inconel 718 powder. Satellite and agglomerated particles are clearly observed. (**b**) Particle size distribution of the Inconel 718 powder. the SPT experimental results for a pure DED-LB and pure wrought SPT samples. The fractures in the hybrid specimens were not equally distributed between the wrought and the DED-LB materials, but completely contained in the DED-LB side of the specimen for the 50/50 samples or along the weld line for the 20/80 specimens. Noteworthy, the results of the 50/50 estimations are within the standard deviation distance from the results of the 20/80 specimens. Summing up these two observations, the method proposed in this paper proves to be more suitable for assessing the bond line than the approaches in the works of [PERSON] [14], [PERSON] [16], [PERSON] [17], and [PERSON] [18]. Figures 11 and 12 show the corresponding cross sections of the fractured SPT samples. In Figure 11, it can be observed that the crack affects all the wall thicknesses of the samples extracted from positions 1, 3, and 4 (see Figure 4a), while the sample of position 2 (100% base material) reaches about half of the wall thickness at the section analyzed. This sample also presents the best mechanical properties in the SPT test. At a higher magnification (Figure 12), it can be observed that the fracture in position 3 (50% wrought + 50% DED-LB) occurred in the filler material, while in position 4 (80% wrought + 20% DED-LB), the fracture occurred in the joint area. The latter also revealed higher mechanical properties than the SPT sample centered in the joint area (50% wrought + 50% DED-LB). It is also interesting to note that the phases observed in the wrought material are NbC carbides (white phases in Figure 12d), while in the filler material, plenty of Laves phases are observed in the interdendritic areas (white phases in Figure 12a,c).