## 5 Discussion
The potential floods in the region have the potential to directly affect human settlements. Urbanization and gray infrastructure projects increase flood risk and change both the natural landscape and settlements. While gray infrastructure is often built to manage flooding, sometimes it obstructs natural flows, causing more problems [74]. Developing emergency intervention and prioritization policies against possible flood risk, especially in urban areas, is an important issue in minimizing the loss of life and property. As is known, the resilience of a city facing a flood disaster depends on the structural characteristics of buildings and the evacuation and intervention capacities. This situation could be interpreted as the past flood disasters in the Bogacay sub-basin have reduced the resilience of the city. Therefore, analyzing changes in urban resilience using risk-based recovery under various scenarios will help to develop effective intervention strategies [3]. The floods may change the soil structure as the water level rises much higher than normal, raising groundwater levels. The materials (sediment) brought by floods can change the nutrient value of the soil and cause erosion and landslides [75]. Due to the topography of the basin and sudden changes in slope, a potential flood disaster can also bring the risk of landslides. River flooding also has drastic impacts on vegetation. High water levels can destroy the root systems of plants, which can destabilize local ecosystems. In particular, plant species living in waterlogged areas along the Bogacay River are at risk of further damage following floods [76]. Floods also change the dynamics of ecosystems in the region. Flooding affects biodiversity in areas where aquatic and terrestrial habitats converge. In the long term, floods can cause the spread of aquatic species and the disappearance of some terrestrial species in the region [77]. The effects of flooding on landscape composition according to the scenarios in the study area are important issues to be considered in landscape design and planning. In areas at risk of flooding, sustainable design approaches should be adopted, natural processes should be supported, and human activities should be minimized. Long-term flooding of agricultural lands can lead to loss of topsoil and moderate to severe erosion phase change, resulting in reduced crop yield potential [78]. One of the most widely cultivated and widely consumed fruit species worldwide, citrus fruits, are generally intolerant to flood stress [79]. Studies have shown that flooding of citrus species results in adverse effects such as decreases in root hydraulic conductivity [80] and root rot [81]. Turkiye has a significant share in world citrus production and ranks second in the world in citrus exports. In 2022, approximately 4.7 million tons of citrus fruits were produced in Turkiye, with most of this production concentrated in Antalya [82]. Especially the agricultural areas around Bogacay are prominent in terms of citrus production. When three different flood scenarios are evaluated, it is predicted that agricultural lands in the region will be adversely affected by potential flooding, and this will lead to serious losses in the agricultural sector. Planning blue-green infrastructure systems, a nature-based solution to flooding increases urban flood control while at the same time protecting biodiversity [83]. Landscape architects and urban planners should integrate water management strategies into plans when assessing the potential impacts of flooding. Urban plans prepared in this context will ensure the protection and restoration of natural drainage systems, management of watersheds, and protection of pre- and post-flood vegetation. Floods are complex processes that affect the composition of natural and artificial landscapes, and understanding these processes is critical for sustainable landscape design and management.