## 4 Experiments of Molecular Deposition Film Throughput
### Experimental Results and Analysis
#### 4.2.3 Results and Discussion of Throughput Experiments  
During the molecular deposition film transport simulation experiment, the variations in driving pressure, permeability, and oil recovery are illustrated in Figures 7-9. The water drive pressure prior to the introduction of the molecular deposition film was measured at 29.7 MPa. Following its introduction, an initial pressure of 8.3 MPa was recorded, which subsequently stabilized at a final equilibrium pressure of 27.1 MPa after sufficient time had elapsed for system adjustments to occur. This change represented an 8.2% reduction in water drive pressure compared to measurements taken before the introduction of the molecular deposition film. Furthermore, permeability exhibited notable changes during this process; it stood at 0.18 mD before introducing the molecular deposition film but increased significantly to 0.26 mD afterward, marking a substantial increase of approximately 44.4%. This enhancement in permeability is critical as it facilitates improved fluid flow within porous media, thereby enhancing overall efficiency during oil extraction processes. Under initial water drive conditions using water alone, without any chemical intervention, oil recovery reached a level of 46.8%. However, following the introduction of the molecular deposition film and continued application of water drive techniques, this figure improved markedly to reach an impressive rate of 58.6%. This significant enhancement boosted the oil recovery rate by an additional margin of approximately 10.8%, indicating that effective strategies can lead to considerable improvements in resource extraction. Figure 7: Injection pressure variation curve of molecular deposition film throughput experiment. Throughout this experiment, it became evident that utilizing molecular deposition films has a substantial impact on enhancing oil recovery rates primarily due to two key mechanisms: their adsorption effect during injection and their dilution effect on formation water properties over time. The adsorption mechanism allows better interaction between injected fluids and reservoir rock surfaces while reducing interfacial tension between the oil and water phases; meanwhile, dilution effects help maintain optimal concentrations within pore spaces throughout various stages of fluid movement. During the water flooding process, water injection can induce the expansion of pore spaces within the rock, thereby increasing its permeability. Consequently, injecting 4-5 times the pore volume of water in the later stages of the experiment may further enhance the expansion of these pore spaces, resulting in an increase in measured permeability (Figure 8). Following the analysis of molecular deposition film sweep experiments conducted on various formulations, as detailed in Table 3, it was observed that the permeability across all core flow conditions had been significantly enhanced. This improvement in permeability is essential for facilitating fluid movement through porous media, thereby optimizing oil extraction processes. The tested formulations not only effectively reduced subsequent water drive pressure but also contributed to a decrease in initial pressure levels. Furthermore, these formulations exhibited enhancements in sweep efficiency during the molecular deposition film sweep process, with improvements ranging from 1.82% to 7.59%. Such increases are indicative of improved displacement and mobilization of oil within the reservoir, which can lead to higher overall recovery rates. Figure 8: Reservoir permeability change curve of molecular deposition film throughput experiment. Figure 9: Change curve of crude oil recovery rate in molecular deposition film throughput experiment. The experimental results suggest that employing molecular deposition film flooding can further enhance oil recovery efficiency following conventional water flooding techniques. This method not only improves oil yield but also plays a significant role in reducing both water cut and injection pressure throughout operations.