## 3 Results
### Experimental Validation and Performance Testing of Sensing Materials  
We employed the optimised results as experimental parameters for synthesising the sensing material to validate the plausibility of the model's predictive outcomes. Figure 9a,b illustrate the produced sensing material's hysteresis and sensitivity performance plots. Figure 9a illustrates the hysteresis performance of the sensor within a pressure range of 0-30 kPa, yielding a computed value of 3.254%. The slopes of the segments of the fitted straight line in Figure 9b represent the sensitivities of the sensors at the respective pressures. At low pressures (<1 kPa), the sensor has a sensitivity of 2.556 kPa\({}^{-1}\), with deformation occurring immediately upon applying force, reaching its maximum extent. The sensor's sensitivity in the medium pressure range (1-5 kPa) is 1.179 kPa\({}^{-1}\). In the high-pressure range (5-9 kPa), the sensitivity of the sensor is 0.039 kPa\({}^{-1}\); when the pressure is increased to a certain extent, due to the existence of the compression limit of the composite material, at this time, the material deformation decreases. The contact area and the number of the conductive particles inside the composite material decreases, leading to a decrease in the change in the electrical resistance, which is less sensitive at this time. In the high-pressure range (9-30 kPa), the sensitivity of the sensor is 0.0054 kPa\({}^{-1}\); when the applied pressure makes the composite material enter the inelastic deformation stage, the molecular structure inside the composite material will be irreversibly deformed and at this time, the conductive path inside the material reaches a saturated state, which makes the resistance change insignificant. The sensitivity of the sensor in this state is extremely low. The data analysis reveals a significant performance advantage of the sensing material produced under optimum experimental circumstances, ensuring little hysteresis and good sensitivity across a broad pressure range of 0-30 kPa. Table 7 presents a comparative analysis of the hysteresis and sensitivity performance of the composite sensing materials developed in this investigation against previous flexible pressure sensors. Relative to the literature [57, 58], the sensing materials in this study demonstrate an inferior sensitivity performance but an improved hysteresis performance. In comparison to the literature [59], the sensing materials examined in this study exhibit exceptional performance and an expanded pressure range, attributable to the high chemical stability and biocompatibility of Fe\({}_{3}\)O\({}_{4}\) nanoparticles, which diminish the seepage threshold of the composite material and enhance conductivity. Compared to the literature [60, 61, 62],  
Figure 8: Pareto-optimal frontier curve for MORIME. the flexible sensing materials produced at this institute exhibit a superior hysteresis and sensitivity performance within the same pressure range. The substantial specific surface area of the CNTs facilitates the adsorption of two graphene molecules per CNT molecule, resulting in a three-dimensional mesh structure that amplifies the contact area with the RTV substrate, thereby improving the overall conductivity of the sensing material and enhancing its sensitivity. Furthermore, the robust interaction between the CNT, MLG, and the substrate contributes to the superior hysteresis performance. The overall performance of the sensing materials created in this article is superior, and the fabrication procedure is more straightforward, further illustrating the efficacy of integrating the HKOA-LSTM method for optimising the performance of composite sensing materials. To evaluate the applicability of the sensors in practical situations, we assessed additional characteristics of the sensing materials under investigation, including the reaction time, repeatability, stability, and durability. We employed a push/pull tester and a digital multimeter to evaluate the sensing material's reaction time more precisely.