## 3 Results
### Energy Performance Statistical Results
Figure 8: (**a**) Distribution of DMBs according to Global Emissions label. (**b**) Distribution of SFDs according to Global Emissions label. Figure 6: Distribution of \(CO_{2}\) emissions by type of dwelling. Figure 7: (**a**) Distribution of DMBs according to the Global Energy Certificate label; (**b**) Distribution of SFDs according to Global Energy Certificate. Table 5 shows the average overall consumption and CO\({}_{2}\) emissions by energy type for each dwelling typology. SFDs show higher overall energy consumption (127.06 kWh/m\({}^{2}\)-year) compared to DMBs (113.07 kWh/m\({}^{2}\)-year), particularly in heating. In contrast, DHW consumption is higher in DMBs. Regarding CO\({}_{2}\) emissions, SFDs also have slightly higher values (32.31 kCO\({}_{2}\)/m\({}^{2}\).year compared to 30.01 kCO\({}_{2}\)/m\({}^{2}\).year in DMBs), reflecting increased energy use, especially for heating. However, differences in cooling emissions between both dwelling types are minimal. Additionally, the higher standard deviation in SFDs indicates greater variability in both consumption and emissions. This variability suggests that while SFDs generally consume more energy, the specific characteristics of each dwelling significantly influence the results. Table 6 shows the average consumptions by dwelling typology and building regulations. The results indicate that, in all evaluated cases, the highest energy demands come from heating (\(\sim\)50-60%), followed by domestic hot water (DHW) (\(\sim\)17-35%) and cooling (\(\sim\)18-28%). The evaluated regulations have been selected due to changes in the requirements of the thermal building envelopes. From these results it can be seen that each of these modifications generates significant savings in the expected annual consumption of the dwellings. Those dwellings built before the NBE-CT 1979 consume on average 31.3% more in the DMBs and 38.7% more in the SFDs than those built with the CTE-2006. In addition, an analysis of the average annual EP\({}_{\text{nr}}\) consumption and CO\({}_{2}\) emissions of the districts of Seville has been carried out. The results obtained show that the averages between consumption and emissions are similar in the districts, unlike the typical minimums and maximums which show greater variation between districts. The district with the highest energy consumption and CO\({}_{2}\) generation is Cerro-Amate, while the lowest is Los Remedios (Figure 9). \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Type of Dwelling** & **Parameter** & **Average** & **Median** & **Standard Deviation** \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{Dwellings in multi-family residential buildings (DMBs)} & Global & 113.07 & 108.39 & 36.09 \\ \cline{2-5}  & \(EP_{\text{nr}}\) & Heating & 61.05 & 57.68 & 28.29 \\ \cline{2-5}  & (kWh/m\({}^{2}\)-year) & Cooling & 24.00 & 23.15 & 6.59 \\ \cline{2-5}  & & DHW & 27.95 & 25.14 & 15.24 \\ \cline{2-5}  & \multirow{4}{*}{CO\({}_{2}\) emissions (kCO\({}_{2}\)/m\({}^{2}\)-year)} & Global & 30.01 & 28.99 & 10.10 \\ \cline{2-5}  & & Heating & 15.17 & 14.33 & 7.54 \\ \cline{2-5}  & (kCO\({}_{2}\)/m\({}^{2}\)-year) & Cooling & 5.10 & 4.82 & 1.78 \\ \cline{2-5}  & & DHW & 9.74 & 8.86 & 5.38 \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{Single-family dwellings (SFDs)} & Global & 127.06 & 123.90 & 40.22 \\ \cline{2-5}  & \(EP_{\text{nr}}\) & Heating & 78.18 & 76.83 & 31.78 \\ \cline{2-5}  & (kWh/m\({}^{2}\)-year) & Cooling & 26.89 & 25.92 & 7.58 \\ \cline{2-5}  & & DHW & 21.97 & 19.51 & 13.36 \\ \cline{2-5}  & \multirow{4}{*}{CO\({}_{2}\) emissions (kCO\({}_{2}\)/m\({}^{2}\)-year)} & Global & 32.31 & 31.43 & 11.87 \\ \cline{2-5}  & & Heating & 19.41 & 19.02 & 8.90 \\ \cline{2-5}  & & Cooling & 5.58 & 5.26 & 2.11 \\ \cline{2-5}  & & DHW & 7.32 & 6.71 & 5.23 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 5: \(EP_{\text{nr}}\) consumption and CO\({}_{2}\) emissions according to EWCs in Seville.