## 3 Results
### Temperature Distribution within the Process Zone
#### 3.4.2 Global, Average, and Maximum Temperature Distribution  
The spatially resolved temperature profiles of beam oscillation are time and position dependent. In order to draw conclusions about the energy deposition, a global view is more appropriate. This provides the average and the maximum temperature matrices over the complete measurement period of 500 ms. These distribution plots are shown in Figures 15 and 16. The average temperature distributions (Figure 15) reveal an enlarged area of high temperatures for beam oscillation compared to static beam shaping. Additionally, the varying cut kerf width is examined. Static beam shaping (Figure 15a) involves just the smallest portion of the cut front above the melting temperature. In contrast, beam oscillation (Figure 15b-d) heats a large portion of the cut front. A closer consideration of the melt pool size follows later in Section 3.4.4. Although the four sets reached very different peak temperatures in Figure 14, the average temperature has a much lower spread. The square identifies the varying position of the highest average value. Set #1 (Figure 15a) reaches the highest average temperature with 1890 \({}^{\circ}\)C, while the highest average temperature of set #2 (Figure 15b) was 2175 \({}^{\circ}\)C. Set #3 (Figure 15c) and set #4 (Figure 15d) lay in between these  
Figure 14: Spatially resolved temperature profiles T\({}_{\rm i}\)(t) calculated with e = 1 along the symmetry axis of the cut front for four measurement moments of 12 mm stainless steel cut with the following parameters: **(a)** Set #1: Static beam shaping with 488 fps; and different values of the longitudinal, linear beam oscillation parameters with 1360 fps: **(b)** Set #2: 300 \(\upmu\)m amplitude and 500 Hz frequency; **(c)** Set #3: 550 \(\upmu\)m amplitude and 500 Hz frequency; **(d)** Set #4: 300 \(\upmu\)m amplitude and 2000 Hz frequency. values with 2025 \({}^{\circ}\)C and 2115 \({}^{\circ}\)C, respectively. Considering only the average temperature ranges, no big differences are observed. The maximum temperature distributions in Figure 16 confirm again an enlarged area of high temperatures for beam oscillation compared to static beam shaping (Figure 16a). However, it depicts stronger differences between the sets than the average temperature distributions. Especially the reversal points of the oscillation movement are emphasized  
Figure 16: Distribution of maximum temperature \(T_{i,j}^{max}\) calculated with e = 1 from all single images within the complete measurement period of 500 ms of 12 mm stainless steel cut with the following parameters: (**a**) Set #1: Static beam shaping; and different values of the longitudinal, linear beam oscillation parameters: (**b**) Set #2: 300 \(\upmu\)m amplitude and 500 Hz frequency; (**c**) Set #3: 550 \(\upmu\)m amplitude and 500 Hz frequency; (**d**) Set #4: 300 \(\upmu\)m amplitude and 2000 Hz frequency; the square marks the submatrix \(\overline{T_{\rm{P,P}}}\)(t) positioned at the highest maximum temperature. Figure 15: Distribution of average temperature \(\overline{T}_{i,j}\) calculated with e = 1 from all single images within the complete measurement period of 500 ms of 12 mm stainless steel cut with the following parameters: (**a**) Set #1: Static beam shaping; and different values of the longitudinal, linear beam oscillation parameters: (**b**) Set #2: 300 \(\upmu\)m amplitude and 500 Hz frequency; (**c**) Set #3: 550 \(\upmu\)m amplitude and 500 Hz frequency; (**d**) Set #4: 300 \(\upmu\)m amplitude and 2000 Hz frequency; the square marks the submatrix \(\overline{T_{\rm{P,P}}}\)(t) positioned at the highest maximum temperature. in case of beam oscillation (Figure 16b-d). The reason is the alternating oscillation direction with a laser beam velocity dropping to zero. This consequently results in a locally longer interaction time and a perceptible higher energy deposition.