# Creation of One- and Two-Dimensional Copper and Zinc Oxides Semiconductor Structures
## 4 Laser Thermochemical Oxidation for the Formation of ZnO and CuO-Based Nanostructures  
In the area of the laser-matter interaction, a significant phenomenon is the capacity to prompt modifications in materials through the influence of intense light waves. Laser irradiation presents a range of opportunities for initiating chemical reactions through diverse mechanisms. These include increasing the temperature of atoms and molecules by thermal exposure, the excitation of energy levels of atoms and molecules by resonance, and rupturing or stimulating molecular bonds through resonant electromagnetic stimulation. It is widely acknowledged that laser beams can induce chemical reactions by generating heat within chemically active substances. Studies have demonstrated that laser irradiation yields distinct thermochemical and vibrational impacts, resulting in divergent outcomes compared to the so-called traditional heating [147]. In the context of metallic materials, the oxidation process holds particular significance. When metallic materials undergo oxidation within a chemical reaction induced by laser irradiation, the thermal and chemical facets of the system become intricately linked. This connection is influenced by the reaction rate, which is reliant on temperature, as well as variations in the material's energy absorption capabilities during the growth of the oxide film. In this case, the absorbed energy serves as the feedback transfer coefficient. If the target product of the reaction absorbs more laser energy, the reaction is accelerated due to heat absorption, establishing positive feedback in the system. This implies that as the concentration of the target product rises, the absorption of laser irradiation increases. Consequently, the reaction experiences a self-acceleration phenomenon known as thermochemical instability [148]. This occurrence is frequently observed during the formation of oxide films on metallic materials when exposed to laser beams. Conversely, if the reaction product absorbs less energy than the initial substance, negative feedback ensues within the system. As a result, the chemical process decelerates and stabilizes itself. By controlling the quantity of the absorbed energy, it becomes feasible to manipulate and regulate the thermochemical processes unfolding within the system. The use of laser irradiation allows for precise regulation of the quantity of thermal energy introduced into the system while considering discrepancies in absorption across different regions of the material's surface. The primary aim is to avert thermochemical instability that represents the situation where positive feedback triggers an accelerated oxidation reaction after a specific time frame. Through the control of laser duration and power distribution, it becomes possible to manipulate the temperature and energy distribution within the material, thereby exerting influence over the oxidation reaction [149]. In [150,151], it has been found that using a laser beam with frequency modulation in the sound and infrasound frequency ranges can result in a substantial enhancement of the diffusion coefficient within materials. This increase is achieved through the combined exposure to laser pulses that introduce heat and induce vibrations. The prerequisite for an additional and very significant increase in the diffusion coefficient in solid materials, especially in metallic materials, during heating either in a non-oxidizing medium or in a medium ensuring selective oxidation is the creation of a dynamic stress-strain state by means of laser-induced vibrations. While the general behavior of this combined effect has been determined, comprehending this recently discovered physical phenomenon represents a noteworthy advancement in the development of innovative processes based on the laser-material interaction [152]. The process of producing composite metal/oxide nanomaterials with the use of pulse-periodic laser treatment was presented in [46].