## 1 Introduction  
The growth of the world's population and mass urbanization entail an increase in industrial production volumes that, in turn, require huge energy consumption. According to estimations [1, 2], energy resource consumption is going to increase by 1.3% per year on average during the next 10 years, and at the same time, 80 percent of the currently consumed energy comes from fossil fuels. This is of concern due to the huge amount of greenhouse gas emitted into the atmosphere during the extraction and use of fossil fuels. It is a well-known fact that the CO\({}_{2}\) concentration in the atmosphere has doubled over the last century and that this speeds up the process of global warming [3, 4]. The change in oil prices and the COVID-19 pandemic have also worsened the situation of carbon dioxide emissions [5]. The other worrying point is the pollution of the world's oceans, where waters are subjected to millions of tons of oil annually due to, for example, different kinds of accidents involving oil tankers or offshore oil platforms or due to natural oil seepage into the ocean [6]. Obviously, the existing environmental threats point to the need to reduce the volume of fossil fuel production and search for alternative energy sources, which is supported by the Paris Agreement of 2015 under the UN Framework Convention regarding climate change. A promising alternative energy option is biofuel. This kind of fuel is produced from plant raw materials and causes no harm to the atmosphere as the carbon released during its combustion is absorbed with the growth of biomass, which makes it possible to consider the CO\({}_{2}\) process as neutral. Additionally, the advantage of such an energy source lies in the similarity of some physical properties of biofuel and fossil fuels, so that gives the opportunity to use biofuels as a future energy source [7]. The study of third-generation biofuels properties, methods and prospects is of great interest. Using this method, microalgae cultures are the substrate for energy production, the grown biomass of which is then subjected to chemical or thermal treatment to produce biofuels [8]. Microalgae have a number of advantages in comparison with other raw materials. These organisms are characterized by a high growth rate and they require much less water during cultivation [9]. Moreover, when using microalgae as a fuel source, there is no conflict with agriculture as the cultivation can take place on land unsuitable for agriculture. Microalgae are being used for wastewater treatment to extract nutrient resources from undrinkable water, which implies the further biomass usage for energy production [10; 11]. Like plants, microalgae are autotrophic organisms; under the influence of sunlight, they are capable of oxidizing inorganic compounds to organic compounds. This is why it is very important to develop technologies for capturing the CO\({}_{2}\) emissions produced by microalgae [12]. This property also allows us to combine the process of utilization of excess carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and produce biofuel from the obtained biomass, making this process closed. Some methods for growing microalgae biomass under the stressful conditions caused by a high content of carbon dioxide in the environment are being investigated. One of the most accessible and widespread types of microalgae for such studies is _Arthospira platensis_. Both open pounds and closed ones, for example, photo bioreactors with an artificial light source, can be used to increase biomass production. Besides CO\({}_{2}\) concentration, factors such as temperature, light intensity, pH, the nutrient medium and aeration also have an influence on the rate and efficiency of microbial growth [13].