# Industry 4.0 Maturity Model Assessing Environmental Attributes of Manufacturing Company
## 4 Theory--Proposal of a Maturity Model Evaluating Environmental Aspects
### Phase 1--Determining Main Dimensions, Levels, and Indicators for Evaluation  
This phase contained the main steps, such as defining the main model dimensions, setting levels for evaluation, and setting the percentage of CO2 reduction indicator with a link to the related level. This phase basically determined the model scope and structure. Individual dimensions were at intersections with levels, and they were characterised. In addition, the main indicators of given dimensions were incorporated into dimensions for greater detail and coverage. Without these indicators, dimensions would be rather general, and the evaluation would not be detailed. Within the characteristics, our model also worked with principles of Industry 4.0 in relation to environmental aspects since carbon footprint decreases with increasing levels of assessment. The main dimensions were the following:  
* Production;
* Logistics;
* Maintenance;
* IT. There were six levels for process evaluation in dimensions from the point of view of Industry 4.0 on the basis of analysis and synthesis. Thus, six levels of maturity were set for modelling the evaluation of all dimensions, including level 0, with the integration of the percentage of CO2 reduction indicator. The levels with a brief description are as follows:  
* Level 0: 0% carbon footprint reduction--No implementations in production processes;
* Level 1: \(-\)10% carbon footprint reduction--Very limited implementations in production processes;
* Level 2: \(-\)30% carbon footprint reduction--Partly implemented in production processes;
* Level 3: \(-\)60% carbon footprint reduction--Mostly implemented in production processes;
* Level 4: \(-\)80 carbon footprint reduction--Nearly completely implemented in production processes;
* Level 5: carbon neutral company--Totally implemented in production processes. The set levels have an upward development, and from their short definition, it is clear what each level means. Levels are defined numerically as well as verbally and technologically. To this description of levels are added qualitative data in the form of CO2 indicators. No processes for reducing the CO2 indicator are defined for the lowest level 0; therefore, there is zero reduction, and the company does not work with any procedures and functions for reduction. Other levels work with the gradual reduction of the CO2 indicator up to the highest fifth level. Their gradual difference was determined by estimation after consultation with environmental engineering experts and after test calculations so that the reduction is gradual and realistic in an industrial environment. However, for evaluation within the model, the levels were characterised in even more detail for each of the dimensions. **Production dimension's environmental aspect indicators:**  
The level of automation (I 4.0 implementation, utilisation) indicator corresponds to the modern technologies used in production. It enables the production to be more effective with less waste (and fewer resources needed), which also leads to improving the environmental characteristics of production. The energy sources-production equipment indicator is linked with energy sources used by the production equipment. The important factor is the level of the environmental status of the energy sources; this leads to the use of alternative energy sources. Environmental aspects of a production system represent environmental aspects in production other than the energy sources and modern technologies, for example, adaptability of the site equipment in the production system or preference of local suppliers of production equipment. **Maintenance dimension's environmental aspect indicators:**  
MRO processes are the main indicator when dealing with the environmental aspects of maintenance in a company. Implementation of CMMS systems, hand in hand with paperless systems and Industry 4.0 technologies, are the main catalysts of environmentally friendly maintenance here. The second very important aspect is energy consumption and time efficiency.