# Team-Communication Modeling Framework for Multi-Unit Nuclear Power Plant Accident Analysis
## 3 Results and Analysis
### Case Study
#### 3.7.2 The Multi-Unit Accident Scenario
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Strategy Application Sample**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Justification**} \\ \cline{2-4} \multicolumn{1}{c}{} & **Before** & **After** & \\ \hline Consider a preceding function & \multirow{2}{*}{Only equipment request} & Added a & Decision-making may involve \\ that affects communication & & decision-making function & team briefing and discussion \\ \hline Add required functions for & \multirow{4}{*}{MCR requests equipment, it} & Added functions to indicate & FO should be called and \\ smooth operation, although & & MCR requests equipment, it & that MCR monitored the & moved to the equipment \\ not mentioned in the & & arrives, FO installs it & status of its request and order & location for efficient \\ accident scenario & & FO to be ready on site & equipment installation \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Include possibilities} & \multirow{4}{*}{MCR requests equipment to} & \multirow{4}{*}{Added Resource aspect about} & MCR can request equipment \\  & & & both before and after \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{3-3} \cline{5-3} \cline  
The resulting \"Low-pressure mobile pump operation\" model after the first step and second step of model development is shown in Figure 6. After the second step of model development, in which we applied the WAD principle, additional functions and aspects were found to be necessary and added, as shown in Figure 6b's higher number of functions and denser connections between functions.  
The function performers were confirmed, and the variabilities were assigned by following the FRAM guidelines, which described that variability has consequences in terms of time and precision. To support team-communication analysis, we added content variability as the third variability. Table 5 lists examples of variability assignments. The function \"Request mobile pump--primary\" is performed by one of the MCR members. Thus, the category is \"Human\". This function can have multiple outputs, but it has one main output, namely \"Mobile pump request--primary\". The variabilities are assigned to this main output. In this case, we decided that this function is performed on time, precisely, and with correct content. The rationale of these variabilities' assignments is that the requested task is not complicated, and the content is brief.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Strategy**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Strategy Application Sample**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Justification**} \\ \cline{2-2} \cline{4-4}  & **Before** & & **After** \\ \hline Add required aspects & & & Added aspects of knowledge \\ regarding knowledge that & & when they are definitely \\  & & & \\  & & required, such as knowledge \\  & & the accident scenario & of equipment storage location, \\  & & equipment operation & training content \\  & & method, etc. & \\ \hline Add required functions by the & & Added functions to indicate \\  & & the supply and maintenance & \\  & & installed and operated & of the water tank for \\  & & low-pressure mobile & \\  & & pump operation & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 4: _Cont._  
Figure 6: The “Low-pressure mobile pump operation” specialized FRAM model (**a**) After the first step of model development; (**b**) After the second step of model development.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt}} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Function (ERT)**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Category \({}^{*}\)**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Main Output**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Variability**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Rationale**} \\ \cline{3-3} \cline{5-8}  & & & **Time** & & **Precision** & **Content** \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Decide the need for mobile pump (MCR)} & \multirow{4}{*}{O} & Decision on the need for mobile pump & \multirow{4}{*}{n/a pump} & & & It is a background function, by following the FRAM guideline and FMV tool support, background functions do not have variability assignment. \\ \cline{2-3} \cline{5-8} Request mobile primary (MCR) & \multirow{4}{*}{H} & Mobile pump request—primary & \multirow{4}{*}{On time} & & & Request task is not complicated, and the content is brief. \\ \cline{2-3} \cline{5-8}  & & & & & Emergency situation may delay personnel movement, but the location is well known, and the content is brief. \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Active mobile pump— primary (FO)} & \multirow{4}{*}{H} & Mobile pump is activated & \multirow{4}{*}{Too late} & & & The content is brief, but lack of experience in handling emergency equipment may cause delay and lower precision. \\ \cline{2-3} \cline{5-8}  & & & & & & & \\ \cline{2-3} \cline{5-8}  & & & & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Process mobile pump request (SC)} & \multirow{4}{*}{O} & Approved mobile pump request & \multirow{4}{*}{Too late} & & & SC received multiple equipment requests; thus, the output may be delayed, and possible confusion may cause lower precision. \\ \cline{2-3} \cline{5-8}  & & & & & & & & \\ \cline{2-3} \cline{5-8}  & & & & & & & \\ \cline{2-3} \cline{5-8}  & & & & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Call mobile pump drivers (SC)} & \multirow{4}{*}{H} & Call to external SC personnel & \multirow{4}{*}{On time} & & & Call task is not complicated, but emergency situation and multiple requests may lower precision and content accuracy. \\ \cline{2-3} \cline{5-8}  & & & & & & & \\ \cline{2-3} \cline{5-8}  & & & & & & & \\ \cline{2-3} \cline{5-8}  & & & & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Response to the call (External SC)} & \multirow{4}{*}{H} & \multirow{4}{*}{Response to the call (External SC)} & \multirow{4}{*}{Too late} & & & The response may be too late due to high telecommunication load during an emergency, and lower precision and content accuracy may be expected due to confusion. \\ \cline{2-3} \cline{5-8}  & & & & & & & \\ \cline{2-3} \cline{5-8}  & & & & & & & \\ \cline{2-3} \cline{5-8}  & & & & & & & \\ \cline{2-3} \cline{5-8}  & & & & & & & \\ \cline{2-3} \cline{5-8}  & & & & & & & \\ \cline{2-3} \cline{5-8}  & & & & & & & \\ \cline{2-3} \cline{5-8}  & & & & & & & \\ \cline{2-3} \cline{5-8}  & & & & & & & \\ \cline{2-3} \cline{5-8}  & & & & & & & \\ \cline{2-3} \cline{5-8}  & & & & & & & \\ \cline{2-3} \cline{5-8}  & & & & & & & \\ \cline{2-3} \cline{5-8}  & & & & & & & \\ \cline{2-3} \cline{5-8}  & & & & & & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 5: Examples of variability assignments.  
In the identification of communication function, we identified the functions related to team communication from the specialized FRAM model using the conditions described in Section 3.6. The result is the specialized FRAM models with communication functions marked, without any function or aspect modification.  
In team-communication analysis, the aspects of the communication functions are elaborated by considering the communication performance factors from the performance-factor models (Section 3.3), and required functions are added.  
There are two strategies to implement the team-communication performance factors. The first strategy is to include the performance factors as aspects of the FRAM model. Those performance factors under the categories of precondition, resource, control, and time factors can be modeled as respective aspects. For example, in the \"Low-pressure mobile pump operation\" model, the \"Request mobile pump--primary\" function has been identified as a communication function. By consulting the performance factors, we were able to elaborate the function to analyze team communication. This function's aspect elaboration is carried out for all identified communication functions.  
Table 6 shows the aspects elaboration of a \"Request mobile pump--primary\" function. Each aspect was analyzed and added when needed. The Input and Output aspects have no addition, while the remaining aspects require few additions. This function has three Preconditions, and two of them are matched to the performance factors. They were not revised. The third precondition, \"Knowledge of mobile equipment operation\", was elaborated to include the \"Team member's role definition related to communication\" performance factor (no. 23); and a new Precondition was added by referring to \"Permission required to process the message\" performance factor (no. 24), and named \"Condition: MCR leader's approval is obtained\".  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c} \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}