# Study on Improvement Characteristics of a Novel Geotextile with Stitched Transverse Ribs
## 4 Conclusions  
Considering conventional geotextiles have a limited reinforcement effect due to the insufficient friction strength between geotextiles and soils, this paper proposes a novel type of geotextile with stitched transverse ribs. Large-scale direct shear tests have been carried out, and the improvement characteristics between conventional geotextiles, geogrids and the novel geotextiles have been studied. The following conclusions can be drawn.  
1. Geotextile B exhibits the best reinforcement effect among the four conventional geotextiles, and the shear strength of geotextile B is 20% higher than that of pure sandy soil. Moreover, the surface of geotextile B is rough enough to provide larger friction and form a certain embedded locking effect with sandy soil when geotextile B is compared with geotextiles C and D. Geotextile B has a greater thickness, higher strength and better reinforcement effect compared with the woven geotextile A. However, geogrid shows a better reinforcement effect than the four conventional geotextiles.
2. The shear strength of the novel geotextile with stitched transverse ribs is significantly increased. When the number of ribs increases, the magnitude of stress and the  
Figure 12: Comparison of reinforcement effect of each part of geosynthetics.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Reinforcement Method**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Normal Stress (kPa)**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**The Proportion of Each Part (\%)**} \\ \cline{3-4}  & & **Friction Force of the** & **Stress Force Provided by** \\  & & **Underlying Geotextile F\({}_{\text{1}}\)** & **Transverse Ribs F\({}_{\text{2}}\) + F\({}_{\text{3}}\)** \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Stitching 1 rib} & 25 & 42.5 & 57.5 \\  & 50 & 49.1 & 50.9 \\ \cline{1-1}  & 100 & 62.7 & 37.3 \\ \cline{1-1}  & 150 & 70.0 & 30.0 \\ \cline{1-1}  & 25 & 30.9 & 69.1 \\ \cline{1-1}  & 50 & 38.2 & 61.8 \\ \cline{1-1}  & 100 & 52.2 & 47.8 \\ \cline{1-1}  & 150 & 61.4 & 38.6 \\ \cline{1-1}  & 25 & 27.4 & 72.6 \\ \cline{1-1}  & 50 & 32.5 & 67.5 \\ \cline{1-1}  & 100 & 44.8 & 55.2 \\ \cline{1-1}  & 150 & 50.0 & 50.0 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 5: Comparison of reinforcement effect of each part of geotextile.  
friction angle increase, but the cohesion does not significantly change. When the shear displacement is small, the shear strength of the novel geotextile with three ribs is higher than that of the geogrid. However, when the shear displacement becomes larger, the shear strength of the novel geotextile is higher than that of the geogrid, indicating that the novel geotextile exhibits a very good reinforcement effect.
3. The frictional resistance from the underlying fabric, the locking effect, the transverse restraint effect, and the frictional effect of ribs contribute to the novel geotextile's shear strength. When normal stress is low, the transverse rib is the key stress part of the geotextile, and the overall reinforcement effect is mainly from the transverse rib while the friction force of the underlying fabric requires a large normal force.  
Conceptualization, W.L.; data curation, H.L.; funding acquisition, G.Y.; investigation, W.L. and H.L.; project administration, W.L.; supervision, W.L.; validation, Y.Y. and Z.D.; writing-original draft, W.L., H.L. and P.X.; writing-review and editing, H.W. and Z.W. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
This work was funded by the National Key R&D Program of China (No. 2022 YFE0104600).  
Not applicable.  
All data have been included in the article.  
The authors declare no conflict of interest.