## 1 Introduction  
Since ancient times, human beings have been in pursuit of the essence of aesthetics. [PERSON] emphasized the subjectivity and individualization of the aesthetic experience, and he believed that aesthetic feeling is the core of aesthetics, which refers to the direct experience and perception of beauty by human beings [1]. Aesthetics research encompasses a wide range of disciplines, including art, philosophy, and cultural studies. With the advancement of psychology, there has been a burgeoning interest in studying the brain's activities during the appreciation of art and the experience of beauty, with the goal of unraveling the neural mechanisms underlying aesthetic experience. [PERSON] put forward the concept of neuroesthetics in the 1990s with the aim of explaining and understanding the neural level of aesthetic experience through neural science [2]. [PERSON] et al. [3,4] hold the belief that aesthetic experience is a dynamic process, encompassing the initial perceptual perception of sensory features such as color, shape, and texture, the understanding, interpretation, and evaluation of artworks, and the interaction and dynamic changes of emotions throughout the aesthetic process. Research has indicated that there are certain commonalities in human visual cognitive mechanisms. For instance, stimulus symmetry may give rise to selective attention toward the overall characteristics of visual stimuli and facilitate higher-level cognitive processing in infants [5]. In the case of adults, a strong positive correlation is exhibited between symmetry judgment and aesthetic evaluation [6]. Certainly, it is not to imply that what is symmetrical is necessarily beautiful [7]. However, this inherent condition will, to a certain extent, affect people's aesthetic cognition. Additionally, acquired learning and the accumulation of experience will also have an impact on aesthetics. Untrained viewers tend to focus more on individual objects rather than the relationships between graphic elements in paintings. Art expertise plays an important role in art appreciation in general, particularly for judgments of the beauty or importance of an artwork. Art experts rated the artworks higher than novices on aesthetic facets [8]. [PERSON] classified aesthetic experiences into two categories: biological beauty, which is determined by innate brain concepts that remain unchanged even with experience, and artificial beauty, which is determined by acquired concepts [9]. Aside from aesthetic experiences derived from sensory sources, factors like the environmental context of aesthetics can also have an impact on people's aesthetic perception. Research has indicated that the aesthetic scores assigned by subjects who viewed stimuli in a \"gallery\" setting were notably higher compared to those of subjects who viewed the stimuli in a \"computer\" environment [10]. Artworks displayed in museums tend to be more popular than those exhibited in laboratories [11]. It is commonly accepted that beauty is subjective, and there is no absolute standard. Nevertheless, previous research has demonstrated that when experiencing beautiful works, different observers tend to share certain similarities, and they show a preference for works with specific characteristics. [PERSON] put forth an attempt to quantify aesthetics: \(M=Order/Complexity\)[12]. The two physical quantities of complexity and order (entropy) can be linked to traditional beauty concepts in art history. [PERSON] et al. [13] introduced the concept of \"Engineering Aesthetics\", which integrates the aesthetic dimension into ergonomics. The objective is to employ engineering and scientific approaches to investigate aesthetics and incorporate these methods into the aesthetic design and evaluation process. In such instances, methods of statistical physics and network science can be used to quantify and better understand what it is that evokes that pleasant feeling [14].