## 3 The Results
### Results of the Literature Review
These areas not only offer greater availability for V2G but also provide a more significant interaction with the grid, contributing to its stability and resilience. Future research should investigate the analysis of V2G parking distribution models that consider not only the density of electric vehicles but also the accessibility requirements and local grid capacity. It is essential to develop spatial optimization algorithms that take into account variables such as urban traffic, the availability of charging infrastructure, and the variability of energy demand. The standardization and integration of the parking management and monitoring systems of V2G will be crucial to facilitate large-scale implementation and ensure the effectiveness of the V2G systems. Furthermore, the collaboration between local authorities, grid operators, and technology developers will be vital to designing parking solutions that are economically sustainable and technologically advanced. _Vehicle usage model_  
The \"Vehicle Usage Model\" is a way to analyze how often EVs travel and the distances they cover during these trips and how these factors impact the effectiveness and implementation of V2G systems. The frequency and distance of trips are crucial to determining the availability of stored energy in vehicles and their ability to return this energy to the grid. Recent studies have shown that higher frequency and longer trips can improve the efficiency of V2G systems as vehicles tend to store and return energy more frequently thus contributing to a more dynamic management of energy resources. Studies on this topic are increasing, with a growing body of research focused on how travel habits influence the potential of V2G. Countries such as the United Kingdom, Germany, and the United States have been at the forefront of this research. In the UK, the \"V2G Innovation\" project analyzed the frequency and distance of EV trips, highlighting how these factors can affect the effectiveness of V2G systems and their integration with the grid. Future research should focus on developing algorithms that can dynamically adapt to changes in users' travel patterns and optimize charging and discharging strategies. Furthermore, it is necessary to improve the collection and analysis of data related to vehicle trips to refine predictions and improve the efficiency of V2G systems. _Charging energy and power_  
This topic concerns the analysis of the amount of energy transferred between EVs and the electrical grid, as well as the power with which this exchange occurs in vehicle-to-grid mode. This aspect is crucial for understanding the efficiency of V2G, its ability to support the electrical grid during peak demand periods, and its impact on the life expectancy of vehicle batteries. The energy and power required for charging determine how quickly and effectively a vehicle can be charged, while the capacity of the battery defines how much energy can be stored and subsequently provided to the grid. The residual charge, or the remainingenergy in the battery after a trip, affects the vehicle's ability to participate in V2G operations, impacting both grid stability and the optimization of energy resources. Research in this area is expanding, with significant contributions from countries such as Germany, Japan, and the United States. Research has shown that higher battery capacities and optimized charging power can significantly improve the effectiveness of V2G systems by increasing the amount of energy available for grid support and improving overall system efficiency. Studies have also highlighted the importance of managing the residual charge to ensure that vehicles can participate in V2G operations without compromising their performance for daily use. Future research should focus on developing advanced algorithms to optimize energy management based on battery capacity and charging power. It is necessary to explore how different charging strategies and battery technologies impact the performance of V2G.