## 5 Experiment Results
### Effect of Stressors' Condition on Physiological Responses and Near-Miss Recognition Performance
Table 5 showcases that there is a statistically significant difference in participant EDR between baseline and mental stress condition (T-statistics = \(-5.418\); \(p\)-value = \(0.000<0.05\)), but no significance between baseline and auditory stress condition (T-statistics = \(-1.519\); \(p\)-value = \(0.129<0.05\)). Whereas, in the case of HR, results demonstrate no statistically significant difference exists between baseline vs. mental and auditory stress conditions (T-statistics Baseline vs. Mental Stress = \(0.776\); \(p\)-value = \(0.438<0.05\), T-statistics Baseline vs. Auditory Stress = \(-1.651\); \(p\)-value = \(0.100<0.05\)). Figures 13-15 show a gaze plot and heat map of participants under different stressor conditions (baseline, mental, and auditory). Based on the visualization of the heat map, the participant could fixate on near-miss AOI more accurately for baseline conditions (Figure 13). Similarly, the gaze plot shows a higher fixation concentration on and near AOI. This concentration of fixation on gaze plot and allocation of eye movement on heat map gradually reduced from mental (Figure 14) to auditory (Figure 15) stressor condition. Therefore, visualization analysis reinforces the statistical evaluation results that stressor condition negatively impacts participants' near-miss recognition performance. To investigate further the extent of the correlation between workplace stressor conditions and participants' visual attention and adaptation level to near-miss AOIs, Figure 16 showcases a scatter plot for the baseline and two stressor conditions. As stress intensity changes from baseline to mental stress condition, participants' fixation duration and time to first fixation are reduced. This can be observed by the increase in convergence and concentration within the scatter plot. A similar trend is observed between baseline and auditory stress condition, whereas for heart rate versus fixation duration and time to first fixation, although there was some convergence within the heart rate range of 65-85 in the scatterplot, there was no significant trend observed as the statistical analysis resulted in non-significant results. Therefore, it can be said that near-miss recognition performance under workplace stress conditions tends to decrease the attention and adaptation level of participants. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Parameter** & **Condition** & **Mean** & **Std. Deviation** & **Test Statistics (Z)** &
\begin{tabular}{c} **Significance** \\ _(\(p\)-Value)_ \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{EDR} & Baseline & 0.444 & 0.741 & - & - \\  & vs. Mental Stress & 0.272 & 0.667 & (a) \(-5.418\) & 0.000 * \\  & vs. Auditory Stress & 0.775 & 2.014 & (a) \(-1.519\) & 0.129 \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{HR} & Baseline & 75.165 & 12.228 & - & - \\  & vs. Mental Stress & 74.711 & 11.828 & (b) 0.776 & 0.438 \\  & vs. Auditory Stress & 75.928 & 11.551 & (b) \(-1.651\) & 0.100 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} Note: (a) Z-Test statistics from Wilcoxon signed ranks test and (b) \(t\)-value statistics from paired sample \(t\)-test, *\(p\)-value \(<0.05\).  
\end{table} 
Table 5: Variation in participants’ EDR and HR measurement across different stressor conditions for AOI-specific eye-tracking activity. Figure 14: Mental stress condition eye-tracking visualization (Left to Right—Gaze Plot, Stimuli, and Heat Map) (Note: Far Left Image numbers represent the search track from lowest to high, far right image color represents fixation duration green being least and red being most). Figure 13: Baseline (non-stress) condition eye-tracking visualization (Left to Right—Gaze Plot, Stimuli, and Heat Map) (Note: Far Left Image numbers represent the search track from lowest to high, far right image color represents fixation duration green being least and red being most).