## 1 Introduction
[PERSON] (2020) categorized block morphological types in three cities located in the cold regions of China (Shijazhuang, Zhengzhou, and Xi'an), and analyzed the differences in the microclimate among different block spatial morphologies and the reasons for these differences. Eight quantifiable indicators related to block morphology were considered, including the average building height, building density, building functional mix, plot ratio, average street height/width ratio, average sky openness, average windward area ratio, and greenery ratio. He found, in cold regions, that the depth/width ratio of the street, the materials comprising the underlying surface, the relationship between the street and the dominant wind direction, and the building facades on both sides of the street are the main factors that affect the thermal environment of the street space [14; 15]. [PERSON] (2020) explored the association between commercial block morphological elements and human thermal comfort in Harbin, China, which is located in a severely cold region. He found that in severely cold regions, the directional depth-width ratio of the commercial street, building density, plot ratio, greening rate and building layout are the main factors that affect outdoor thermal comfort. By analyzing several representative studies, it is evident that they mainly focus on the influence that different distributions of morphological street elements have on the microclimate, with a focus on the correlation between buildings, the relationship between buildings and streets, and the relationship between greening and the microclimate [16]. According to the Chinese national Uniform Standard for Design of Civil Buildings (GB50352-2019) [17], China is divided into seven different climate zones. The division of climate zones is conducive to the better design of buildings for energy efficiency in different climate regions. The hot summer and cold winter region is one of the seven main building climate zones in China [17; 18]. Some researchers have conducted studies on how to optimize urban spatial patterns in hot summer and cold winter regions in order to improve thermal comfort. For example, [PERSON] et al. (2022) explored the impact of trees on the thermal comfort of sidewalks in Shanghai, China, and found that green coverage has a positive effect on improving thermal comfort in summer, with varying effects under different road orientations and aspect ratios [19]. [PERSON] et al. (2022) studied the relationship between the outdoor environment and thermal comfort in old residential neighborhoods in Hangzhou, China, a city located in a hot summer and cold winter region; they found that factors such as size, greening, layout, water systems, and location have a significant impact on thermal comfort [20]. [PERSON] et al. (2020) conducted measurement studies on a site within the campus of the Southwest University of Science and Technology in Mianyang, China, a city located in a hot summer and cold winter region, and explored the thermal comfort of different ground materials. The study found that ground materials have a significant impact on the surface temperature in winter, and on the relative humidity and PET (predicted mean vote) in summer [21]. [PERSON] et al. (2019) took the Dao He Old Block in Taizhou, China, where it is hot in summer and cold in winter, as an example, explored the thermal comfort of pedestrian areas, and found that architectural shadow became an important factor in improving the thermal comfort of street canyons during the day as the height of buildings on both sides of the road gradually increased [22]. [PERSON] et al. (2022) also pointed out that the bigger the aspect ratio (the ratio of the height of buildings on both sides of the street to the width of the street) was, the taller the buildings were. The architectural shadow can be extended and the coverage can be made wider.