# Smart City Actions Integrated into Urban Planning:
## 4 Results and Discussion
### Ranking of Thematic Areas in Smart Cities  
A cause-and-effect diagram was constructed from the coordinates of the vectors \(D+R\) (horizontal axis) and \(D-R\) (vertical axis), integrating the relationships identified between the 11 thematic areas for smart cities. In the cause-and-effect diagram, the thematic areas were identified using the threshold value (Appendix A) and demarcated into four quadrants (Figure 6 classifies them into central, determining, independent, and impact factors within city management. The first quadrant contains the greatest central impact factors, with the thematic areas of governance and engagement, education and training, and mobility, which are considered to be fundamental and determining factors in smart cities' performance, being identified as factors that can originate broader systemic benefits in city management. Considering the governance and engagement area, differential actions call for holistic and collaborative management, through transparency in resource application, implementation of public-private partnerships, and valuing citizens' representation and direct participation. Municipal managers are trying to implement actions and technological resources to better use tangible \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**1 - Time Working as a Researcher/Professional** & \\ \hline Description & Quantity & \% \\ \hline Between 1 and 3 years & 3 & 7.50\% \\ \hline Between 4 and 6 years & 6 & 15.00\% \\ \hline Between 7 and 10 years & 9 & 22.50\% \\ \hline More than 10 years & 22 & 55.00\% \\ \hline Total & 40 & 100.00\% \\ \hline \hline
**II - Academic background** & \\ \hline Description & Quantity & \% \\ \hline Graduation & 4 & 10.00\% \\ \hline Postgraduate: MBA & 19 & 47.50\% \\ \hline Postgraduate: master’s degree & 5 & 12.50\% \\ \hline Postgraduate: PhD & 12 & 30.00\% \\ \hline Total & 40 & 100.00\% \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Specialists’ profile. resources (natural resources, distribution networks, infrastructure) and intangible resources (intellectual capital of companies and human capital) in urban space management [5]. The development of actions in education and training can be expanded through technological integration and the usage of digital tools in the teaching-learning process. According to [49], managing the functional needs of students is crucial to managing their training. The use of digital learning systems, assisted by teaching materials and multimedia, provides educational institutions with communication and timely feedback, as well as more precise sociability to understand learning problems through digital information. Also, digital learning systems provide students with a positive and healthy learning environment, with a close link to the institution, combined with parental monitoring of activity and learning process progress. Mobility management is an ongoing challenge in urban areas, due to the need to implement more effective methods in city transport systems. Simulation is an important tool for diagnosing improvements in the mobility system. In the city of Herrenberg, Germany, an urban mobility simulation software test was performed to generate a better understanding of urban traffic behavior. The simulation showed how cars, trucks, buses, bicycles, and pedestrians circulate in a virtual city model, being able to test and illustrate different scenarios and visions for traffic improvements, together with reducing urban space exhaustion [4]. The second quadrant covers the thematic area of energy, as well as security and protection, which are considered to be determining factors for urban management, generating less impact but presenting a major influence on municipal management procedures and strategic decision-making aimed at promoting energy efficiency, safer urban spaces, and risk prevention. Saving energy, using alternative sources, reducing gas emissions, and monitoring energy consumption are vital in urban management.