# Trends and Technological Challenges of 3D Bioprinting in Cultured Meat: Technological Prospection
## 5 Conclusions and Perspectives  
This technological prospection provided a valuable evaluation of the current data regarding 3D bioprinting technology development as it is applied to cultured meat produc \begin{table}
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**Country/Region** & **Status** \\ \hline Australia-New Zealand & According to Food Standards Australia New Zealand (FSANZ), concerning the regulation of “novel food”, cultured meat manufacturers must apply for inclusion of their products in the approved new foods list if they wish to sell them in any country. This requires an assessment of safety in the production process carried out by FSANZ, which is likely to last at least 14 months. The safety assessment is intended to establish and confirm that the food does not present a health risk. \\ \hline Canada & Cultured meat are characterized as “novel foods” and detailed information must be submitted in a pre-market approval application. Information includes evidence that the food is safe for consumption, such as molecular characterization, nutritional composition, toxicology and allergenicity, and types and levels of chemical contaminants. \\ \hline United States of America & The services of the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) of the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) are well documented. On 7 March 2019, the FDA and USDA released a formal agreement outlining their respective oversight roles and responsibilities under this framework and how they will collaborate to regulate the production of cultured meat and its entry into trade. \\ \hline European Union & The Novel Food Regulation (Regulation (EU) No. 2015/2283) governs pre-marketing authorizations for foods produced from animal cells or tissue culture. However, if genetic engineering is used in the production of cultured meat, the Regulation on Genetically Modified Food and Feed (Regulation (EC) No. 1829/2003) may apply. \\ \hline United Kingdom & With its departure from the EU, the UK no longer participates in the EU’s common food authorization procedures. From May 2021, any cultured meat company that wants to sell its products in the UK needs to apply for authorization from the UK Food Standards Agency (FSA). \\ \hline Singapore & The Singapore Food Agency (SFA) has published guidance on its requirements for the safety assessment of novel foods, including specific requirements for the information to be submitted for the approval of cultured meat products. On 1 December 2020, the SFA approved the sale of cultured chicken meat from Eat Just Inc., which was the first approval of cultivated meat in the world. \\ \hline Japan & Depending on the production method, cultured meat already falls under the existing regulatory regime in Japan and may not require pre-market assessment or approval. However, the Japanese government is working to develop a specific regulatory framework, ensuring food safety and consumer acceptance. \\ \hline \end{tabular}
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Table 2: Status of regulation of cultured meat by country and region. tion. It was possible to map and analyze the main published documents. The increasing number of publications revealed by this prospection illustrates the growing interest in cultured meat within the scientific community in recent years. When the production of cultured meat is linked to 3D bioprinting technology, the resultant publications are more recent, suggesting that the implementation of this technology is current and promising. Companies and startups have contributed to advancing biofabrication technology to produce cultured meat for consumption. The 3D bioprinting of cultured meat is already a reality. However, like any scientific advance, the 3D bioprinting of cultured meat faces challenges and prospects. The application of biomaterials in an effort to attain the structure, texture, and nutritional value of conventional meat is one of the challenges.