## 4 Discussion
It has already been shown that the structure, biological function, and stability of a protein are severely affected by glycation and aggregation induced by glycation [19]. In addition, severe erythrocyte damage induced by the accumulation of AGEs, oxidative stress, and hyperglycemia further leads towards hemolysis [39]. It may pursue the destruction of the membrane and lipid peroxidation. It further induces tissue damage and inflammtory response. Inflammatory processes and diabetes mellitus and its complications are interlinked [48]. The formation of AGEs, increased production of ROS, oxidative stress, and damaging of cell membranes are attributed to diabetes, and its complications [49]. Additionally, many reports indicate the role of AGEs in cell survival, proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of tumor cells, as well as genotoxicity. Henceforth, any strategy emphasizing the inhibition of glycation and AGEs formation can be beneficial in the prevention and treatment of diabetic complications [9], and cancer [17]. In the current investigation, _P. emblica_ and _A. indica_ extract were found to inhibit AGEs formation and glycation in a dose-dependent manner. BSA incubated with glucose had significantly higher absorbance at 280 nm than BSA incubated alone. However, when BSA was incubated with glucose and extracts, the absorbance dropped, and this absorbance was shown to decrease progressively as the quantity of extracts increased. As a result, extracts shielded the protein from structural changes to some extent. Moreover, when extract concentration increased, the specific fluorescence of AGEs at 450 nm decreased. When compared to BSA incubated with glucose, the control (BSA incubated alone) displayed negligible AGEs specific fluorescence intensity at 450 nm. As a result, extracts protected the enzyme against the production of AGEs caused by glycation with glucose, and the level of protection increased. Our ThT specific fluorescence investigation revealed that extracts protected the BSA somewhat to an extent against fibril formation caused by glycation with glucose and that the protection improved with increasing extract content. As a result, a biophysical study once again demonstrates that extracts protected the protein against structural alterations and AGEs formation caused by glycation with glucose, and the protection increased with an increase in the concentration of the extracts. Perhaps, the presence of polyphenolic compounds might be responsible for the anti-glycating and anti-AGEs formation activities of these extracts, and there is a good correlation between antioxidant activity, polyphenolic content, and inhibition of AGEs development [2]. In 2004, [PERSON] suggested the preventive role of flavonoids and other polyphenolic compounds against cancer development [50]. Similar to these reports, our study suggests that _P. emblica_ and _A. indica_ are rich in flavonoids and other polyphenolic compounds that might be a possible contributor to the therapeutic capacity of these extracts. Thus, the present study proposes that _P. emblica_ and _A. indica_ extract can be utilized in the development of several herbal formulations for the prevention and treatment of different health disorders such as inflammation, arthritis, diabetes, and other oxidative stress-induced disorders such as cancer.