# Magic of 5G Technology and Optimization Methods Applied to Biomedical Devices: A Survey
## 3 Wearable Medical Devices
As it can be noticed, the healthcare structure consists of a data center, software-defined network (SDN) components, 5G infrastructure, and sensing equipment. The 5G technology is able to provide appropriate information infrastructure for emerging IoT applications. [PERSON] proposed a medical dongle that is powered by the smartphones for monitoring and controlling the blood glucose and uric acid level [42]. Hence, by accessing these data, the medical doctors can provide accurate treatment and precise consultations. Figure 5: Illustration of cochlear implant (with a red dotted line) for a patient’s ears [41]. In [3], another magic aspect of 5G technology toward the diabetes is illustrated. In this manuscript, [PERSON] et al. presented a 5G-smart diabetes system that involves smart clothing, smartphone, and big data clouds. The big data is employed for sensing and collecting information that the patients are suffering from. Figure 7 shows the data sharing for 5G-smart diabetes. In this personalized analysis model, firstly the 5G network, social network, and big data network are integrated for determining the interconnection. Then, after providing related data regarding the patient, by using the artificial intelligence methods, as machine learning, deep learning, and cognitive computing, the diabetes can be predicated in a smart and accurate way. The use of wearable devices has increased during the COVID-19 pandemic wherein these tools helped improve healthcare quality by providing social and potential distance between hospital and patient [43,44]. Figure 8 presents the application of wearable devices during the COVID-19 pandemic to monitor the symptoms and to pave the way for doctors to control patients' healths over time [45]. [PERSON] et al. proposed a solution to detect the COVID-19 diseased state by collecting a number of physiological signals as heart activity, respiration, physical activity, and cough sounds using a body-conforming soft wearable sensor. As presented in Figure 9, by using this sensor placed on the suprasternal notch, the state of COVID-19 can be classified [46]. Figure 6: Presented emotion-aware healthcare in [29]. Figure 7: Data sharing procedure. In medical applications, one of the most important factors which must be considered is the security specification and the collected data from wearable devices are sensitive and require protection [47]. The protection security using the heart rate pattern is depicted in Figure 10.  
[PERSON] et al. presented a printed spiral resonator that is without external lumped elements and it is appropriate to be used in biomedical devices [48]. Figure 11 illustrates the fabricated printed spiral on the FR-4 substrate with the dielectric constant of 4.7 and  
Figure 8: Practical use of medical wearable devices during the COVID-19 pandemic [45]. Reprinted/adapted with permission from Ref. [45]. Copyright 2022, IEEE. Figure 10: Intrawearable security solution. Figure 9: COVID-19 detection classifier using physiological signals [46]. a size of 66 mm \(\times\) 70 mm \(\times\) 0.4 mm. The measured maximum power transfer efficiency (PTE) is 74.96% and PTE is more than 70% for all rotational angles from \(-180^{\circ}\) until 180\({}^{\circ}\) at the central frequency of 13.56 (MHz). [PERSON] et al. presented the procedure of characterizing the hand palm local channel at mm-Wave frequency bands of 27-28 GHz, 29-30 GHz, and 31-32 GHz, [49]. This study guides the handheld application developers and will develop low-power wireless sensors for medical and wearable devices. Figure 12 illustrates the hand palm local feature presented in [49], wherein two horn antennas and five human features are different in palm lengths. This design will help antenna designers obtain suitable efficiency in out of body-centric communication systems. In [50], a dual-band dual-polarized wearable button antenna array is presented that covers the two frequency bands of 4.50-4.61 GHz and 5.04-5.50 GHz which are suitable for 5G applications (sub-6 GHz band).