# Smart Healthcare Applications over 5G Networks: A Systematic Review
## 3 Results and Discussion
#### 3.1.1 Remote Care: Surgery and Diagnosis  
Through remote care, healthcare specialists provide medical services remotely via the Internet. [39]. This enables the sharing of physiological data collected by sensors and IoMT devices, which allow the provision of diagnostic, surgical, and patient treatment \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l} \hline \hline
**Application Area** & **Article** \\ \hline Remote care: surgery and diagnosis & [26; 27; 29; 30; 34; 36; 37; 38; 39; 40; 41; 45; 47; 51; 53; 54; 58; 59; 60] \\ Real-time continuous monitoring & [17; 18; 20; 21; 22; 23; 25; 28; 22; 23; 24; 24; 46; 48; 52; 55; 56; 57] \\ Data transmission: smart ambulance & [19; 31; 43] \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Summary of articles according to the application area. Figure 4: Type of presented work. Figure 5: Application area. services remotely [2]. Figure 6 shows a graph that generally describes the appearance of a remote surgery performed by a teleoperated robot. This image serves as a reference for the application area under discussion. Work focused on remote medical care is presented below. [PERSON] et al. [27] presented the implementation of a remote clinic and ambulance system at Zhengzhou University Hospital. On the one hand, in the remote clinic, the diagnosis and treatment system is used to diagnose patients without requiring them to travel to the hospital. In the tests carried out, the HD video consultation was successfully performed. On the other hand, in remote surgery, the system includes a control center where the specialist is located and a work center where the surgical robot is located. Although the system is mentioned, no surgeries have been reported yet, due to the unsolved operational risk. [PERSON] et al. [38] illustrated the implementation of a remote laparoscopic surgery system. This system uses a surgical robot called \"Micro Hand\" manipulated remotely by a surgeon. The surgery was performed on a pig that was 3000 km away from the surgeon, and there were no complications during the process. [PERSON] et al. [51] reported the development of a system that performs retinal photo coagulation in patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR). The system includes a teleophthalmology platform, a laser device, a platform for remote computer control (TeamViewer GmbH), and a platform for teleconsultation through videoconference (Cisco Systems Inc.). This is the first remotely controlled retinal photocoagulation procedure for which a report is available. [PERSON] et al. [58], through the use of a remote ultrasound system, developed an application for the diagnosis of COVID-19. The system examines the heart, lungs, blood vessels, and inferior vena cava. It is composed of two environments: The first, where the doctor is located, consists of a workstation, a console, image monitors, and a transducer. The second environment is where the patient is located and is composed of an ultrasound (US) system and a 6-degrees-of-freedom robotic arm equipped with transducers and a force sensor. The ultrasound was performed on a patient who was in Zhongnan Hospital 700 km away from the sonographer. [PERSON] et al. [59] proposed a teleultrasound diagnostic system for an intensive care unit (ICU). The system is equipped with a ultrasound assisted by a robotic arm, MGIUSU-R3, on the patient's side, and a control unit on the physician's side. In addition, audio, video, and main-frame systems are located on both the surgeon's side and patient's side. The ultrasound was used to perform liver, pancreas, spleen, gallbladder, and kidney examinations of 32 patients. One patient was excluded due to interference caused by intestinal gases and poor image quality. Regarding the rest of the patients, there were no problems during the examination, and the quality of the images was high. [PERSON] et al. [47] developed a diagnostic system for postpartum hemorrhage (PPH). The system uses machine learning algorithms such as a support vector machine (SVM) and an artificial neural network (ANN) for classification and diagnostic prediction.