## 4 Applications of WSN in Urban Areas
### Transportation Applications  
WSNs play a crucial role in improving transportation by enhancing driver assistance and convenience. These networks enable seamless communication between vehicles and roadside infrastructure, allowing the exchange of critical data like traffic conditions and road hazards. This integration supports advanced driver assistance systems, smoother traffic flow, and more effective traffic management, ultimately boosting safety, efficiency, and convenience for all road users. [PERSON] et al. (2020) [21] introduced a mixed approach to address the alignment between urban transport policies and citizen requirements in Port Louis City. The mixed \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Ref. No.** & **Method Name** & **Objective** & **Sensor Type** & **Network Type** & **Topology** & **EC** & **NL** & **E** & **Delay** & **RO** & **T** & **Cost** & **Limitations** \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{[17]} & Sediment & Assess net & \multirow{3}{*}{Acoustic} & \multirow{3}{*}{Distributed} & \multirow{3}{*}{Mesh} & & & & & & & & & \(\checkmark\) & Throughput level \\  & accumulation & process & rates & & & & & & & & & & & \(\checkmark\) & not improved \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{[18]} & EU Water & Reduce sediment & \multirow{3}{*}{Acoustic} & \multirow{3}{*}{Centralized} & \multirow{3}{*}{Tree} & \(\checkmark\) & \(\checkmark\) & \(\checkmark\) & \(\checkmark\) & & & & \(\checkmark\) & Reliability \\  & Framework & & & & & & & & & & & & not improved \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{[19]} & STA, FITR & Quantity TWP & \multirow{3}{*}{Temperature} & \multirow{3}{*}{Distributed} & \multirow{3}{*}{Star} & \(\checkmark\) & & & & & & \(\checkmark\) & No reduction \\  & PRAFAC & in sediments & & & & & & & & & & & in computation \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{[20]} & Maintenance & Adaptive & \multirow{3}{*}{Acoustic} & \multirow{3}{*}{Centralized} & \multirow{3}{*}{Tree} & & \(\checkmark\) & \(\checkmark\) & \(\checkmark\) & \(\checkmark\) & \(\checkmark\) & High energy \\  & policy & scheduling & & & & & & & & & during flooding \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: Summary of performance analysis of gully pot monitoring. approach utilizes GPS sensor devices and logistic regression methods to identify associations between citizen requirements and demographic indicators. The study focused on addressing problems such as inefficiencies in urban transport systems and discrepancies between policy objectives and citizens' needs. Using a centralized network type and mesh network topology, the approach facilitated comprehensive data collection and analysis. The results revealed key insights into the relationship between urban transport policies and citizen demands, enabling policymakers to make informed decisions. The importance of incorporating citizen feedback and demographic considerations in the formulation and implementation of urban transport policies is discussed. Thus, the designed methodology enhances the effectiveness and responsiveness of the transport system to meet the needs of the residents of Port Louis city. [PERSON] et al. (2022) [22] introduced a discrete choice model to investigate transportation choices by employing multimedia mobile nodes for data collection. The study facilitated comprehensive data gathering across urban and peri-urban zones using a decentralized network type and a cluster-based network topology. The discrete choice model enabled the calculation of user features influencing transportation choices, providing insights into factors driving mode selection. Through various case studies conducted in a Quality Management Area (QMA), the research addressed issues such as understanding the determinants of transportation choices and optimizing transportation systems to meet diverse user needs. The results yielded valuable insights into the preferences and behaviors of commuters in different zones, informing policymakers and urban planners about strategies to enhance transportation infrastructure and services.