## 2 Materials and Methods
A small amount of sudden settlement occurs due to loading. In cohesive soils saturated with water (especially clayy soils), the main settlement is consolidation settlement. Consolidation settlement occurs in two forms, primary and secondary consolidation settlement. In cohesionless (granular) soils, the subsidence consists of sudden subsidence. The subsidence is short-lived. In other words, the subsidence occurs as soon as the load is applied. In such soils, the water in the voids is transferred out in a short time due to the high permeability. Some physical and mechanical properties of the soil affect the bearing capacity and settlement behaviour of gravel soils. The size and distribution of particles in gravel soils affect the soil's compressibility and void ratio. Larger particles generally have better bearing capacity, while smaller particles can create more void space for the soil. The water content of gravel soil is an important factor affecting its carrying capacity. Soils in saturated conditions may lose their carrying capacity as water passes through the voids. The shape (regular or irregular) and surface characteristics of gravel grains affect the friction and interlocking between particles in the soil. Grains with smooth and even surfaces may provide less friction. The specific gravity of the particles in the soil also directly affects the soil's load-carrying capacity. Dense soils generally have higher bearing capacities. The modulus of elasticity of gravel soils is an important parameter in determining soil behaviour and the extent of subsidence. A high modulus of elasticity can mean less subsidence. When gravel soils are compacted, the void ratio decreases and the carrying capacity increases. Insufficiently compacted soils tend to show more settlement under load. For these reasons, the physical and mechanical properties of gravel soils are critical elements that must be considered for the safe and durable construction of the structure. The correct evaluation of these elements is of great importance during ground survey and design. The bearing capacity of the soil and the amount of settlement that occurs in the soil have been studied by many researchers and various approaches have been presented. Figure 3: A cross-sectional representation of the borehole and seismic survey locations across the study area. This study was conducted only on gravel soils. Experimental data obtained from 27 boreholes were used in the study. The bearing capacity and settlement amounts of the soil were calculated according to Terzaghi calculation methods according to SPTN\({}_{30}\) test results. It was examined with statistical methods whether there was a relationship between the bearing capacity and settlement amounts of this gravel soil obtained with real test results and calculated according to Terzaghi bearing capacity calculation methods and other parameters of the soil, and if there was a relationship, whether it was a positive or a negative relationship. According to the test results of the gravel soil, the bearing capacity and settlement amounts of the soil were estimated depending on other parameters of the soil, and statistical model equations were created for the experimental data obtained as a result of experimental studies in the field. These results are real drilling results and the results obtained from the field were used as they were. The data in this study are not data prepared within the scope of a previously planned and prepared experimental set. They are data belonging to the soil survey reports of newly constructed buildings in Duzec city. All of these results were determined by on-site and laboratory tests. As a result of the analysis, the physical and engineering properties of the soil, identified as gravel, along with the bearing capacity and settlement parameters, were examined.