## 2 Establishment of Milling Temperature Model
### Analysis of Milling Temperature Simulation Results  
The range analysis method is used to process the average milling temperature of the simulation test of titanium alloy milling using the micro-texture ball-end milling cutter with a blunt edge. The relevant data are shown in Table 3. From the magnitude of the extreme difference of the four factors in the table, it can be determined that the influence order of the texture parameters for each micro-circular pit and the radius parameters of the blunt edge on average milling temperature is as follows: radius of blunt edge \(>\) distance from cutting edge \(>\) distance between micro-circular pits \(>\) diameter of micro-texture parameters. That is, the radius of blunt circle has the greatest influence on the average milling temperature, while the diameter of micro-circular pit has the least influence. The analysis of the data is shown in Figure 5 and the analysis of variance is shown in Table 4. According to the F value in the table, it can be seen that the order of significance level is as follows: edge radius \(>\) distance from blade \(>\) diameter of micro-pit \(>\) micro-pit spacing. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Factor Test Number**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Blunt Kadius**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Micro-Texture Parameters(\(\mu\)m)**} \\ \cline{2-5}  & **(\(\mu\)m)** & **Diameter** & **Spacing** & **Distance from Blade** \\ \hline
1 & 20 & 30 & 125 & 90 \\
2 & 40 & 40 & 150 & 100 \\
3 & 60 & 50 & 175 & 110 \\
4 & 80 & 60 & 200 & 120 \\
5 & 100 & 70 & 225 & 130 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Four factors and five levels table of the simulation parameters. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Factor Test Number**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Factor**} & **Blunt Circle Parameter** & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Micro-Texture Parameters/\(\mu\)m**} \\ \cline{2-5}  & **Radius/\(\mu\)m** & **Diameter** & **Spacing** & **Distance from Blade** \\ \hline
1 & 20 & 30 & 125 & 90 & 253.42 \\
2 & 20 & 40 & 150 & 100 & 218.14 \\
3 & 20 & 50 & 175 & 110 & 200.73 \\
4 & 20 & 60 & 200 & 120 & 244.52 \\
5 & 20 & 70 & 2  
Figure 5 shows the relationships between the micro-texture parameters and the blunt radius on the average milling temperature. As shown in Figure 5a, as the radius of the blunt cutting-edge increases, the average milling temperature decreases rapidly first, and then increases slowly. As shown in Figure 5b, as the distance from the cutting-edge increases, the average milling temperature initially decreases, and then increases. As shown in Figure 5c, the average milling temperature increases at first and then decreases; this pattern repeats as the micro-pit spacing further increases. As shown in Figure 5d, the average milling temperature decreases initially; this is followed by increasing and then decreasing average milling temperature values as the diameter of the micro-round pits increase. Therefore, when the average milling temperature is taken as the evaluation index, the optimal parameters of the micro-texture are as follows: the diameter of the micro-circular pit is 40 \(\upmu\)m, the pitch of the micro-circular pit is 175 \(\upmu\)m, the distance from cutting edge is 100 \(\upmu\)m, and the blunt radius of the cutting edge is 60 \(\upmu\)m. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Source** & **Degree of Freedom** & **Sum of Squares** & **Mean Square** & **F** \\ \hline Edge radius & 4 & 2182 & 545.5 & 2.71 \\ Diameter of micro-pit & 4 & 1096 & 274.0 & 1.36 \\ Micro-pit spacing & 4 & 1073 & 268.3 & 1.33 \\ Distance from blade & 4 & 1513 & 378.1 & 1.88 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: Variance analysis of simulation data. Figure 5: Influence of micro-texture parameters and blunt edge parameters on the milling temperature. (**a**) Influence of the cutting edge radius on the milling temperature. (**b**) Influence of the distance from the edge on the milling temperature. (**c**) Influence of the micro-pit spacing on the milling temperature.