# Integration of BIM and GIS for the Digitization of the Built Environment
## 1 Introduction
An example could be the following:  
* Intelligent urban transport networks;
* Improvement of waste management facilities;
* Optimization of air-conditioning and lighting systems in buildings;
* More interactive local public administration;
* Real-time monitoring of the urban environment, leading to improved safety in public places;
* Integration with digital, networked, modular and multifunctional technologies for street-furniture components;
* Use of different intelligent mobility options such as electric cars, public transport, service vehicles powered by renewable energy and connected through dedicated digital systems to a management system for recharging, maintenance, emergency situations and traffic conditions;
* The ability to plan, book and pay for different types of mobility services through digital tools and pay-per-use or pay-as-you-go payment models. The integration of BIM-GIS within smart city initiatives is a key strategy for achieving the multiple objectives of modern urban development. By leveraging the complementary strengths of this holistic approach, cities can foster innovation, optimize resource allocation, and improve the efficiency and safety of urban systems, contributing to the creation of more robust and reliable digital infrastructures. Such integration is particularly important in the context of digital transformation. It facilitates the development of flexible, scalable and interoperable solutions capable of addressing the dynamic and evolving challenges of urban environments. Through these paradigms, smart cities can create an ecosystem that balances openness with control, enabling seamless integration of diverse technologies and stakeholders. This approach supports a wide range of applications, including real-time data analytics, intelligent transport systems, energy management and citizen engagement platforms. Ultimately, the BIM-GIS integration underpins the transition to sustainable and citizen-centric urban models, improving the overall quality of life and resilience of modern cities. The field of Architecture, Engineering, Construction and Operations (AECO) is undergoing constant technological development due to the increasing digital innovation and integration of BIM approaches and methods, which are significantly impacting the entire construction life cycle [18]. The pervasive adoption of Building Information Modelling (BIM) and the digitization of building production are profoundly revolutionizing the way buildings are conceived, constructed and managed over time. In this context, this research work proposes to identify a synergy between two digital systems, BIM and the Geographical Information System (GIS), with the aim of improving the management of information in the AECO sector. BIM is a process that involves the creation and exchange of digital representations of the physical and functional characteristics of buildings and infrastructures [19]. GIS uses Geographic Markup Language (GML) [20] to illustrate events in specific areas by collecting diverse data. GIS and BIM methodologies [21; 22; 23] have been used separately in data digitization for planning and management. The integration of BIM with thematic GIS data is crucial to address the loss of information during building processes, which is a key challenge in the digital transition of the AECO sector [24]. This integration is essential during the transition from planning to diagnosis and management phases, facilitating the exchange of parametric information among various operators using different software. Often, software only recognizes its own data format, necessitating data conversion and diminishing its completeness and value. It is therefore possible to recognize the importance of enhancement of information data as a central element of the entire process. BIM-GIS integration leverages the synergetic harmonization of their respective strengths, fostering fruitful collaboration. While BIM excels in parametric information modeling, GIS is adept at using data in the spatial domain.