## 3 Results and Discussion  
The impact recorder consists of a microcontroller \"ESPRESSIF ESP32-S3-MINI-1U-NS\"--U1, with real-time and Wi-fi devices, operating at temperatures ranging from \(-\)40 to  
Figure 1: Conceptual diagram of a smart impact detector. 85 \({}^{\circ}\)C. Additional components and connections are selected for it based on the documentation and the ESP32-S3-DevKitC-1 v1.1 (ESPRESSIF, Shanghai, China) wiring diagram. The process of designing the electrical diagram of the controller is also part of scientific results and research. A power plant diagram of the controller is presented in Figure 2. A PI-filter (FB1; C1; C2) with a ferrite bead and three capacitors (C3, C4, and C5) for voltage equalization (removal of alternating frequencies from the power line) near the controller are used to suppress noise from the power supply. The \"PROG\" connector is used to program the controller. Power supply: Texas Instruments TPS63070 RNMR voltage converter, accepting input voltages from 2.0 V to 16 V, operating from \(-40\)\({}^{\circ}\)C to 150 \({}^{\circ}\)C, two-pin connector for battery \"DIP-XH-2.54-2P\", and USB-C connector for power \"TYPE-C-31-M-12\" (only the battery or the USB-C connector can be used at the same time). Batteries and USB-C lines are protected against discharges using specialized 0402 ESDA-18N (operates from \(-25\)\({}^{\circ}\)C to \(+85\)\({}^{\circ}\)C) components adapted to a maximum voltage of 18 V. The USB-C connector is protected against reverse voltage using a IN5819 WS (\(-55\)\({}^{\circ}\)C to \(+125\)\({}^{\circ}\)C) shunt diode. No reverse voltage protection was applied to the battery terminal due to energy loss, because the user will not be able to connect the battery and USB-C power at the same time, since the USB-C will not be accessible from the outside and it will only be possible to connect to it after first disconnecting the battery and removing it from the body. The PI-filter is adapted to protect against both external and internal noise [1]. Impact and orientation sensors: Three-axis inertial modules Analog Devices ADXL375-BCCZ-RL7 (U3) (Analog Devices Inc., Wilmington, MA, USA) and ROHM Semicon KXTJ3-1057 (U4) (ROHM, Santa Clara, CA, USA). The electrical diagram of the shock sensor connection is shown in Figure 3. U3--adapted for acceleration measurements up to 200 g, performing measurements at a frequency of 3200 Hz, error not greater than \(\pm 2.5\%\), and operating from \(-40\) to 85 \({}^{\circ}\)C. However, the acceleration limit for waking up the microcon  
Figure 2: Electrical diagram of the shock recorder controller. troller can only be determined by multiplying 0.78 g by an integer, so it is not suitable for determining the orientation of the recorder. The U4 measuring up to 16 g with a limit of 3.9 mg precision operating from \(-\)40 to +85 \({}^{\circ}\)C was chosen for this. The U3 is connected to the controller via an SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface), and the U4 is connected via an I2C (Inter-Integrated Circuit) protocol. Long-term data storage--microSD memory card holder \"XUNPU TF-115K\". A bracket rather than a soldered memory was chosen because of the ability to change the size of the memory. As required by the SD card standard and the ESP32-S3 documentation, when connected via the SDMMC protocol, 10 k\(\Omega\) resistors were used on the zero data and command lines and are not required for the clock signal. The other data lines are left unconnected, with test contacts only. This is carried out to reduce power consumption, since with the microcontroller in use, according to its documentation, there is no noticeable difference in the effective data transfer rate between one and four data lines in use. The connected lines are protected against discharges using four LXES15 AAA1-153 (\(-\)25 to +85 \({}^{\circ}\)C) components. Two capacitors are used for voltage equalization.