# Augmented Reality and the Digital Twin: State-of-the-Art and Perspectives for Cybersecurity
## 4 Perspectives for Cybersecurity  
The results of our SLR highlight the lack of research leveraging the AR/DT combination in the context of cybersecurity, as none of the analyzed articles deals with this aspect. However, we argue that cybersecurity research and practice can benefit immensely from this combined-arms approach. As there is no existing practical work showcasing the implementation of the AR/DT combination for cybersecurity, our perspective is merely theoretical. It should point out possible directions and application scenarios for future practical cybersecurity applications, especially in areas already using AR and DTs.  
We flesh out our cybersecurity perspectives on the combined application of Augmented Reality and Digital Twins within the following section. This perspective is based on the conviction that vital parts of cybersecurity can benefit significantly from the AR/DT combination, particularly security monitoring, training, or analytics. Generally speaking, combining AR with DT enables a more direct and intuitive interaction of users with cybersecurity-related processes and strengthens their cyber situational awareness. This is especially true for cyber-physical systems where the borders between the digital and physical world are blurring. In this context, situational awareness of both security experts and novices is crucial but even more challenging to achieve than in purely digital security use cases.  
Concerning security, the DT needs to be viewed from two sides. On the one hand, security needs to be ensured for the DT itself, while, on the other hand, DTs can be utilized for security. At first, confidentiality, availability, and integrity are required to be ensured for the DT itself. This describes what we call _security for the DT (Sec4 DT)_. Recent work focuses on how to provide secure synchronization between digital and physical twin [61] and how DT data management can be secured [62]. However, while the twin might require adequate security measures, it can also function as a security enhancer [63]. This provides the second side: _Digital Twin for security (DT4 Sec)_. Various works propose mechanisms for intrusion detection with DTs [64, 65]. Others focus on simulating attacks [66, 67], or providing a concept for security testing [68]. As AR offers an immersive and intuitive interface to the DT for users, these viewpoints also apply to the combined usage of AR and DT.  
With these two viewpoints regarding cybersecurity and the AR-DT combination set up, we will now expound perspectives for cybersecurity on AR and the DT. At first, we discuss why an AR-DT combination is necessary for cybersecurity. Afterward, several security-relevant aspects within the main applications areas (as identified in Section 3.3.2) are considered. In the next step, we propose a conceptual architecture highlighting how to utilize the benefits of an AR-powered DT for cybersecurity. These three steps determine an idea, how AR and DT can be leveraged for security (AR-DT4 Sec). Sec4 AR-DT is, to some extent, part of Section 4.4, when we discuss technologies for the AR-DT combination under a security premise. However, Sec4 AR-DT is not the focus of this work.