esa-sceva/satcom-chunk-collection huggingface dataset:
# Seamless 5G Multi-Hop Connectivity Architecture and Trials for Maritime Applications
## 4 Trials in the Baltic Sea Corridor (Tallinn-Helsinki)
### Description of 5G-ROUTES Use Cases
The use cases described above represent only a part of future maritime CAM services, but they highlight different user categories and customer groups of the services. Common to all these use cases and pilots is that during the trials, the real time data interchange between server and on ferry devices will be recorded and analyzed, allowing for studying QoS, coverage and QoE. In the planned trials, the route for the maritime transportation is expected to be the link between Helsinki/Finland and Tallinn/Estonia. The planned connectivity trials will be implemented on Eckero Line's Finbo ferry, which will be equipped to act as a test platform while travelling between the ports of Vuosaari and Muuga across the Baltic Sea.
## 1 Introduction
### Artificial Intelligence and Softcomputing Approach
\begin{tabular}{c} **Number of** \\ **Datasets** \\ \end{tabular}  \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. 2023 [57] & EO-ELM & \(q,\,l,\,b,\,d,\,e_{\text{p}},\,q_{\text{c}},\,W,\) & FD & Limestone mines, Thailand & 0.99 & 114 \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. 2023 [38] & AdaBoost & \(q,\,B,\,S,\,l_{\text{th}},\,D_{\text{pr}}\) & FD & \begin{tabular}{c} Sungun Copper \\ Mine, Iran \\ \end{tabular}  & 0.98 & 234 \\ \hline Huang and Xue 2022 [39] & HLO-SVR & \(q,\,l,\,l_{\text{th}},\,MCD,\,d,\,\,B\) & FD & \begin{tabular}{c} Aggregate Quarry, \\ johor, Malaysia \\ \end{tabular}  & 0.93 & 240 \\ \hline Hudaverdi 2022 [40] & ANFIS & \( \begin{array}{c}q,\,B,\,\text{MCPD},\,B/S,\\ I/B,\,H_{\text{p}},\,W,\,B/A,\,l/B,\\ N_{\text{th}},\,N,\,I,BSD,\,AMF\end{array} \) & FD & \begin{tabular}{c} Aggregate Quarry, \\ Istanbul \\ \end{tabular}  & 0.96 & 77 \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. 2022 [41] & ANN-FCM-Z & \(q,\,l,\,B,\,S,\,\text{MCPD}\) & FD & \begin{tabular}{c} Anguera Leal-Zinc \\ Mine, Iran \\ \end{tabular}  & 0.99 & 416 \\ \hline [PERSON] and [PERSON] 2022 [42] & ANFIS-GOA & \(q,\,l,\,B,\,S,\,\,p\) & FD & \ \begin{tabular}{c} Aggregate Quarry, \\ johor, Malaysia \\ \end{tabular}  & 0.97 & 80 \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. 2021 [43] & KELM & \(q,\,l,\,B,\,S\) & FD & \begin{tabular}{c} Granite Quarry, \\ Malaysia \\ \end{tabular}  & 0.94 & 73 \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. 2021 [44] & HHO-MLP & \(q,\,l_{\text{th}},\,d,\,l,\,h,\,\,q_{\text{th}},\,GSI  
The literature suggests that empirical models have a tendency to be highly specific to the particular site for which they were developed, and the results obtained with empirical and statistics-based models have not been entirely acceptable due to the complex nature of blasting operations. As a consequence, these models cannot be employed as a generic approach for predicting flyrock. In a similar way, AI and SC approaches have been proposed to deliver site-specific solutions as may be observed from the literature review. Numerous researchers have posited that a combination of AI, BA, and statistical approaches may be beneficial for an expanded grasp of the complex task.
# Improvement of Recycled Aggregates Properties by Means of CO\({}_{2}\) [PERSON]
## 5 Conclusions  
This parametric study of accelerated carbonation of RCAs has highlighted that carbonation is affected by several parameters, which influence the uptake of CO\({}_{2}\) and improve the properties of RCAs. We can draw a number of conclusions from this study:  
* For each carbonation test, water content is the most important parameter for reaching an effective rate of CO\({}_{2}\) uptake, whatever the studied parameter;
* The maximum CO\({}_{2}\) uptake is 50 g/kg for CB 1-4 because they are not carbonated at the initial state, and the minimum is for RB 1-4 (8.6 g/kg) because of the initial natural carbonation. The mean of CO\({}_{2}\) uptake was around 15-20 g/kg for the studied RCAs;
* The correlation between the optimum water content and the water absorption coefficient is important for effective carbonation. To obtain the maximum CO\({}_{2}\) uptake, it is necessary to have an optimum water content equal to 80% of the RCA's water absorption coefficient. This conclusion is important for industrial applications;
* Carbonation decreases the WAC by filling pores due to the formation of calcium carbonates. CO\({}_{2}\) uptake during treatment could decrease the WAC by up to 39% in the case of RB 1-4 C (AC), while natural carbonation could decrease the WAC by up to 48% after 6 years of storage, as was observed for NC-RB 1-4;
* Finally, carbonation leads to the formation of calcium carbonates and to a decrease in total porosity. The capillary porosity is decreased due to clogging of the pores. In addition, carbonation increases the microporosity of an RCA, especially the porosity of the C-S-H gel, as a result of decalcification.  
Conceptualization, M.S., A.D., O.O.M. and J.-M.T.; methodology, M.S.; formal analysis, M.S.; investigation, M.S.; data curation, M.S.; writing--original draft, M.S.; writing--review and editing, M.S., A.D., O.O.M., P.D. and J.-M.T.; supervision, A.D., O.O.M. and J.-M.T.; project administration, A.D. and J.-M.T.; funding acquisition, J.-M.T. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. This research received external funding from the French Ministry for the Ecological Transition (through IREX) in the framework of the FastCarb National Project. The investigations and results reported in this paper have the support of the French Ministry for the Ecological Transition in the framework of the FastCarb National Project. The authors declare no conflict of interest.
## 8 Conclusions and Future Work  
This paper presents a user-centric solution to enhance privacy in OMSNs through privacy-aware message-forwarding modes. Leveraging social metrics to approximate real-world relationship strengths and trust contexts, the proposed modes empower users to control the dissemination of messages by guiding the selection of trusted intermediary nodes. The extensive simulations demonstrate the ability of these modes to significantly improve privacy by up to 45% across various network scenarios and routing schemes while maintaining reasonable delivery efficiency and performance. The lightweight privacy layer integrates seamlessly into existing routing logic, providing flexibility to users in specifying their privacy preferences.  
There are several promising directions for future work to build upon the privacy-aware routing techniques presented in this paper. Firstly, the social trust model can be enriched by incorporating additional contextual cues such as user profiles, interests, relationships, and interactions to enable more fine-grained trust evaluations between users. Secondly, exploring encryption, anonymization, and pseudonymization techniques along with social routing can further enhance privacy. Thirdly, equipping the privacy layer with machine learning capabilities to automatically learn user preferences can make the system more adaptive.  
Conceptualization, A.A. and H.S.; methodology, H.S.; software, A.A. and H.S.; validation, A.A. and H.S.; formal analysis, H.S. and A.A.; investigation, A.A.; resources, A.A. and H.S.; writing--original draft preparation, A.A. and H.S.; writing--review and editing, H.S.; visualization, A.A.; supervision, H.S.; project administration, H.S.; funding acquisition, A.A. and H.S. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
This work was funded by Research and Development Grants Program for National Research Institutions and Centers (GRANTS), Graduate Research Program, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, grant number 1-18-02-007-0007.  
The raw data supporting the conclusions of this article will be made available by the authors on request.  
The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
## 3 Experimental and Numerical Setup
The physical properties of glass beads and acrylic beads are listed in Table 1.  
Figure 5: Comparison of drag forces for different nose shapes where each data point is obtained from five drag experiments. Figure 1:0 Plot of the average drag force as a function of moving velocity for different nose shapes, where each data point is obtained from five drag experiments, as shown in Figure 1:1  
The comparison between experiments and simulations is shown in Figure 1:2 It is evident that the drag forces of simulations are consistent with those of experiments for both glass and acrylic beads, which shows that the simulation methodology used in this study can be applied to the simulation of penetration into granular materials. Additionally, for both materials, the drag forces are proportionally related to the penetration depth. The drag force associated with glass beads is markedly greater than that of acrylic beads. This is primarily due to the drag force's linear proportionality to both the friction coefficient (\(\mu\)) and the particle density (\(\rho_{\text{p }}\)), as mathematically represented by \(F_{Z}=\alpha\mu\rho_{\text{p}}gd_{\text{i}}^{2}Z\). The product of the friction coefficient and density for glass is almost twice as much as that for acrylic material.
# Deep Spatio-Temporal Graph Attention Network for Street-Level 110 Call Incident Prediction
## 4 Problem Statement
### External Embedding  
The external features primarily originate from the weather data, which are recorded with hourly precision, aligning with the granularity of the 110 Call incident risk predictions. To thoroughly explore the hidden correlation between these features and the prediction target, we have employed the long short-term memory (LSTM) model [48]. The LSTM component is adept at capturing temporal dependencies and variations in the weather data over specific time periods, thereby advancing the model's ability to predict the incident risk.
## 2 The Model
For an axially-symmetric (with \(\
u=\gamma\) in Equation (4)) disk-shaped DBEC with a strong axial trap (\(\lambda>\
u\), \(\gamma\)), we presume that the structure of DBEC in the axial direction amounts to the axial ground state, \(\phi_{\rm axial}(z)=\exp(-z^{2}/2d_{z}^{2})/(\pi d_{z}^{2})^{1/4},\quad d_{z} \equiv\sqrt{1/\lambda}\). Hence, the 3D wave function is defined as  
\[\phi(\mathbf{r})\equiv\phi_{\rm axial}(z)\times\psi(\boldsymbol{\rho},t) \equiv(\pi d_{z}^{2})^{-1/4}\exp\Bigl{[}-z^{2}/\left(2d_{z}^{2}\right)\Bigr{]} \psi(\boldsymbol{\rho},t), \tag{5}\]  
where \(\boldsymbol{\rho}\equiv(x,y)\), \(\psi(\boldsymbol{\rho},t)\) is the effective 2D wave function and \(d_{z}\) is the axial harmonic-oscillator length. To obtain the effective 2D equation for the disk-shaped DBEC, we substitute expression (5) in Equation (3), multiply it by \(\phi_{\rm axial}(z)\) and integrate the result over \(z\) to arrive at the 2D equation [23, 24, 25]  
\[ \begin{split} i\frac{\partial\psi(\boldsymbol{\rho},t)}{ \partial t}&=\Big{[}-\frac{1}{2}\
abla_{\rho}^{2}+d(t)V( \mathbf{x})+\frac{4\pi a(t)N}{\sqrt{2\pi}d_{z}}|\psi(\boldsymbol{\rho},t)|^{ 2}+\frac{\chi(t)}{\sqrt{3}\pi d_{z}^{2}}|\psi(\boldsymbol{\rho},t)|^{4}\\ &+\frac{4\pi a_{\rm dd}N}{\sqrt{2\pi}d_{z}}\int\frac{d\mathbf{k} _{\rho}}{(2\pi)^{2}}e^{-i\mathbf{k}_{\rho}\boldsymbol{\rho}}n(\mathbf{k}_{ \rho},t)h_{\rm 2D}(\sigma)\Big{]}\psi(\boldsymbol{\rho},t),\end{split}  \tag{6}\]  
where we have introduced the time-dependent factor \(d(t)\), which may provide temporal modulation of the effective 2D trapping potential defined as  
\[V(\boldsymbol{\varpi})=\frac{\gamma^{2}x^{2}+\
u^{2}y^{2}}{2}, \tag{7}\]  
Next, the external trap may be removed adiabatically. For that purpose, the parameter \(d(t)\) is slowly ramped down from 1 to 0. The dipolar term is written in the Fourier space after calculating the convolution of the corresponding variables [23], \(n(\mathbf{k}_{\rho},t)=\int d\boldsymbol{\rho}e^{i\mathbf{k}_{\rho}\cdot \boldsymbol{\rho}}|\psi(\boldsymbol{\rho},t)|^{2}\), \(h_{\rm 2D}=2-3\sqrt{\pi}\sigma\exp(\sigma^{2})\{1-\text{erf}(\sigma)\}\), \(\sigma=\frac{\mathbf{k}_{\rho}d_{z}}{\sqrt{2}}\), \(\lambda=9\) and \(\mathbf{k}_{\rho}=\sqrt{k_{x}^{2}+k_{y}^{2}}\). In Equation (6), the length is measured in units of the characteristic harmonic oscillator length \(l=\sqrt{\hbar/m\tilde{\omega}}\), time \(t\) in units of \(\tilde{\omega}^{-1}\) and energy in units of \(\hbar\tilde{\omega}\). The quasi-2D and full 3D nonlocal GP equations are then simulated using the split-step Fourier method. In our dimensionless units, we use the space and time step sizes \(\mathbf{0.05}\) and \(0.001\).
# Analysis of Mining Waste Dump Site Stability Based on Multiple Remote Sensing Technologies
## 2 Study Area and Dataset
### Study Area
Studies have shown that the lithology of soft rocks and aquifers is relatively weak; it is easy to form a weak soil- or mud-like layer under the influence of tectonic action, water, weathering and other external forces, and this could eventually result in a sliding surface or sliding zone [42; 43].
## 3 Results and Discussion
### Characterization of Coatings
#### 3.1.3 Bond Adhesion Measurement  
The bond adhesion values of the metallic coatings deposited on the concrete surface are shown in Figure 5. The bond adhesion values of Cu were found to be very low, i.e., 0.25 (\(\pm\)0.02) MPa, even lower than the minimum value recommended in KS F4716 [30], which is 1.1 MPa, and EN1504-3 [10], which is 0.8 MPa. The concrete surface exhibited very low toughness; therefore, the energy dissipation from the molten metal particles was negligible for transferring the heat from the metal to the concrete [39; 40]. The interfacial bonding of the Cu coating with the concrete surface was very weak; therefore, it exhibited minimum bond adhesion values. Moreover, this result agrees well with the surface and cross-sectional morphology of the coating, which revealed severe defects and pore formation. Defects and pores lead to the destabilization of the interfacial bonding between metal and concrete. However, the 85 Zn-15 Al coating satisfied the minimum bond adhesion values recommended by KS F4716 and EN1504-3. This coating also exhibited defects and pores; however, owing to the low melting point and high density of Zn, it adhered to the concrete surface first. In this case, Zn completely melted after which the Al started to melt at the arcing point, thus filling the voids and defects of the 85 Zn-15 Al coating and enhancing its bonding strength [22]. In contrast, the Ti coating exhibited the highest bond adhesion value, which was much higher than those mentioned in earlier standards. The bond adhesion value of Ti was found to be 2.72 (\(\pm\)0.24) MPa. It was almost 11 and 2 times higher than those of the Cu and 85 Zn-15 Al coatings, respectively. This is attributed to the dense and uniform coating morphology, as observed in Figure 3b, which leads to a smaller interfacial space between Ti and the concrete surface [41]. Therefore, Ti properly adhered to the concrete surface and improved the bond adhesion.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Coatings**} & \multicolumn{6}{c}{**V\({}_{\text{f}}\) (\%)**} \\ \cline{2-7}  & **Cu** & **Cu\({}_{2}\)O** & **Zn** & **Al** & **TiO** & **Ti\({}_{3}\)O** \\ \hline Cu & 80.96 & 19.04 & - & - & - & - \\ \hline Ti & - & - & - & - & 73.95 & 26.05 \\ \hline
85 Zn-15 Al & - & - & 86.25 & 13.75 & - & - \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 2: V\({}_{\text{f}}\) (%) of the phases.  
Figure 4: XRD of the coatings.
## 4 Discussion  
This study is the first to explore the effects of using mixed reality for motor control performance of the cervico-craniofacial region in asymptomatic subjects. To summarize, the two main principal findings of this study are as follow:  
1. Mixed reality and conventional exercises had positive effects in cervico motor control performance;
2. The participants of this study evaluated the use of mixed reality with high satisfaction and usability with no adverse effects. First, the MRG showed greater improvement in the CJPET for the extension movement than the CEG. In addition, our results suggest that a mixed-reality-based exercise protocol could produce longer effects than the CEG according to the data obtained in the secondary analysis. Only the MRG showed statistically significant difference after the month of washout in the time of DCFET, and this may be related to the motivation generated with the technology during the intervention. Several studies have examined the effectiveness of cervical exercises on motor control measurements, finding improvements in strength, endurance, and cervical proprioception [33; 34; 35]. However, no studies have involved mixed reality or evaluated changes in muscle endurance in the cervical region to our knowledge. There are currently numerous studies that show positive results of the use of VR on the cervical spine for the improvement of pain intensity, disability, fear of movement, GPE, patient satisfaction, and balance, among others [17; 18; 19; 20]. Nevertheless, these studies only take into account cervical range of motion as a sensorimotor variable with contradictory results on whether there are improvements compared to conventional exercise [19; 20]. The normative values of the CJPET can vary across studies [36; 37]. In asymptomatic individuals, the results varied between \(2.69^{o}\) and \(4.85^{o}\) for flexion and extension movements and between \(2.74^{o}\) and \(5.25^{o}\) for right and left rotations. The data obtained in this study are within the normative data and are also in accordance with another study. In this one, the authors observed that cervical VR training generated improvements in the precision of cervical movements [38]. However, participants that did not use VR also obtained improvements in the precision of the movement. In this crossover study, although the MRG showed statistically significant changes in the extension movement, both groups improved. This difference could be due to the fact that cervical movements associated with the use of the MRG protocol were similar to those used in proprioceptive training programs, which involve eye stabilization exercises, eye-head coordination, and head repositioning exercises in a given position [39; 40]. For this reason, the clinical use of MR should be presented as a program with greater specificity in the retraining of the articular position sensation.
# Prediction of Intraday Electricity Supply Curves
## 3 Methodology
### Models and Predictions
#### 3.4.2 Correction of Predictions  
The neural networks we used to predict the curves, which are reconstructed from the predicted grid values using the interpolation discussed in Section 3.2.4, successfully captured their shape. However, they failed to generate curves satisfying the assumption of being nondecreasing. To address this, we opted for the following procedure to produce a corrected curve:  
\[t(x)=\begin{cases}c(x)&\text{if }c(x)>t(y)\text{ for all }y<x,\\ t(z)&\text{if there exists }z<x\text{ such that }t(z)\geq t(y)\text{ for all }y<x\text{ and }t(z)\geq c(x), \end{cases} \tag{4}\]  
where \(c\) is the predicted curve and \(t\) is the corrected curve. An example of the subtle but crucial effect of the transformation defined in (4) can be observed in Figure 4.
## Materials and Methods
### RS System  
The RS system comprised of a 785 nm diode laser (VBG-Stabilized Single Laser Source, LS-1-78-1-FA), which was focused onto the sample of interest by a microscope objective (20\(\times\), NA 0.4, Newport), and a spectrometer (Shamrock SR 303i, Andor Technology, Belfast, Northern Ireland) equipped with a CCD-camera with 255 \(\times\) 1024 pixels (Newton 920i, Andor Technology) to record the Raman signal. The laser has a maximum output power of 600 mW and was free-space coupled to the system. To remove unwanted side-lobes, a laser clean-up filter (LL01-785-12.5, Semrock 785 nm MaxLine(r)) was integrated. For the excitation of the Raman signal, 100 mW was delivered to the sample plane. The microscope objective achieved a spot size of 10 um and a Rayleigh length of 36 \(\upmu\)m. The spectrometer was equipped with a 300 L/mm grating blazed at 500 nm, and the slit size was set to 50 \(\upmu\)m. Raman spectra were collected in a range from 300-3200 cm\({}^{-1}\) with a resolution of approximately 0.5 nm corresponding to a spectral resolution varying from 7 cm\({}^{-1}\) at 300 cm\({}^{-1}\) to 4 cm\({}^{-1}\) at 3200 cm\({}^{-1}\). The RS system was designed for epi-detection to mimic the detection geometry using an endoscope. To separate the Raman signal from the laser light, a short pass dichroic mirror with a cut-off wavelength of 805 nm (DMSP805, Thorlabs, Newton, NJ, USA) was used. To remove residual photons from the laser excitation an ultra-steep long-pass edge filter (LP02-785 RE-25, Semrock 785 nm RazorEdge(r)) was used. The RS setup was wavelength-calibrated using Dimethylsulfoxid (DMSO) and paracetamol [37; 38; 39]. Bladder biopsies were placed on quartz microscope slides as quartz does not exhibit Raman signals compared to soda line glass. On average 20 Raman spectra were collected from each bladder specimen with an integration time of 10 s and a three-fold accumulation. Acquisition of Raman spectra was performed, using the commercial software Andor Solis.
## 2 Status Analysis of the Fairway  
### Selection of Fairways to Be Analyzed  
Korea is a peninsula country surrounded by seas to the east, west, and south. The main traffic flow moves from the West Sea to the East Sea through the South Sea, and a TSS is installed in the middle of the main flow to ensure smooth traffic flow. There are many islands in the West and South Seas, and among them, the southern coast has an area and a depth of water that allows ships to pass between the islands [21].  
Figure 2 shows the traffic flow formed on the southern coast of Korea.  
In the middle of the coastal waters, Hoenggansudo Recommended Fairway, Wando Fairway TSS, Sodeokudo Recommended Fairway, and Samcheonpo Port are installed, to form major traffic flows from the east to west. In addition, ships enter and leave large-scale trade ports, such as the Wando Port, Yeosu Port, Gwangyang Port, Hdong Port, Samcheonpo Port, Tongyeong Port, Okpo Port, Busan New Port, Masan Port, Jinhae Port, and Busan Port; thus, there is a complex traffic flow, which naturally crosses the east and west.  
Figure 2: Major traffic flows along the southern coast of Korea.  
In this study, the appropriateness of the existing installed fairway width was reviewed, considering the marine traffic volume and traffic environment. As mentioned above, we targeted the southern coastal waters, where complex traffic flows between the east and west and the north and south are formed. In addition, the official fairway, whose width and length are known, was selected to conduct an evaluation. Regarding fairways within a port, because the speed of the ship is restricted or the ship is controlled through VTS control, only fairways outside a port and allowing free passage flow without external interference were selected. Figure 3 shows the target fairway of this study.  
The official out-of-port fairways formed on the southern coast of the South Sea are the Wando fairway near Wando Port, the fairway within the Yeosu area in specific traffic safety waters near Yeosu Port and Gwangyang Port, the fairway near the Masan Port, and the Gadeok fairway near Busan New Port. In this study, we selected the relevant fairway as the target fairway, the appropriateness of the existing fairway was reviewed, and the adequacy of the improved fairway was compared and reviewed based on the analysis results through re-adjustment and evaluation.  
Figure 3: (**a**) Wando Port access and crossing fairways near the Wando Port, (**b**) Yeosu Area fairways in traffic safety-specific waters, (**c**) Masan Fairway connecting Masan Port, Jinhae Port, and Tongyeong Port, and (**d**) Gadeok Fairway Near Busan New Port.