## 3 Calculation Results
In Equations (32) and (33), the spectral power densities of the out-coupled air mode and the absorption loss are expressed as [36]  
\[K_{\parallel out}^{\text{TE}}=\frac{3}{16}\frac{1}{\sqrt{1-u^{2}}}\frac{\left|1+ a_{-}^{\text{TE}}\right|^{2}}{\left|1-a^{\text{TE}}\right|^{2}}T_{+}^{\text{TE}},K_{\parallel abs}^{\text{TE}}=\frac{3}{16}\frac{1}{\sqrt{1-u^{2}}}\frac{ \left|1-a_{-}^{\text{TE}}\right|^{2}}{\left|1-a^{\text{TE}}\right|^{2}}\big{(} 1-R_{+}^{\text{TE}}-T_{+}^{\text{TE}}\big{)}, \tag{38}\]  
\[K_{\parallel out}^{\text{TM}}=\frac{3}{16}\sqrt{1-u^{2}}\frac{\left|1-a_{-}^{ \text{TM}}\right|^{2}}{\left|1-a^{\text{TM}}\right|^{2}}T_{+}^{\text{TM}},K_{ \parallel abs}^{\text{TM}}=\frac{3}{16}\sqrt{1-u^{2}}\frac{\left|1-a_{-}^{ \text{TM}}\right|^{2}}{\left|1-a^{\text{TM}}\right|^{2}}\big{(}1-R_{+}^{\text{ TM}}-T_{+}^{\text{TM}}\big{)}, \tag{39}\]  
\[K_{\perp,\text{out}}^{\text{TM}}=\frac{3}{8}\frac{u^{2}}{\sqrt{1-u^{2}}}\frac{ \left|1+a_{-}^{\text{TM}}\right|^{2}}{\left|1-a^{\text{TM}}\right|^{2}}T_{+}^{ \text{TM}(TE)},K_{\perp abs}^{\text{TM}}=\frac{3}{8}\frac{u^{2}}{\sqrt{1-u^{2}} }\frac{\left|1+a_{-}^{\text{TM}}\right|^{2}}{\left|1-a^{\text{TM}}\right|^{2}} \big{(}1-R_{+}^{\text{TM}}-T_{+}^{\text{TM}}\big{)}. \tag{40}\]  
Here, \(T_{+}^{\text{TE}}=\left|t_{e,+}^{\text{TE}}\right|^{2}k_{z,EML}/k_{z,air}\), \(T_{+}^{\text{TM}}=\left|t_{e,+}^{\text{TM}}\right|^{2}(n_{EML}/n_{air})^{2}k_{ z,air}/k_{z,EML}\), and \(R_{+}^{\text{TE}(\text{TM})}=\left|r_{e,+}^{\text{TE}(\text{TM})}\right|^{2}\) are the transmittance and reflectance from the EML to the upper ambient (air). In Equation (34), only the WG mode is considered as the TE-polarized trapped light (\(u_{crit}<u<1\)) because TE-polarized light cannot excite the SP mode as well as the NF absorption [16; 22]. In contrast, the TM-polarized trapped light is divided into the WG mode, SP mode, and NF absorption, of which spectral ranges are designated in Equations (35)-(37), respectively. In Figure 4, it is noticeable that Lorentzian line-shaped spectral responses of the SP modes can be larger than the total spectral power density at the WG spectral range of \(u_{crit}<u<1\), which are observed at the emitter positions of \(z_{ex}=10\) and \(z_{ex}=240\) nm. Hence, we integrate the total spectral power density \(K_{\parallel(\perp)}^{\text{TM}}(u)\) rather than \(K_{\parallel(\perp),\text{SP}}^{\text{TM}}(u)\) to calculate the relative radiated power of the WG mode in Equation (34). Figure 5 shows the calculated relative radiative powers of all the optical modes as a function of the dipole emitter position in the EML for a horizontally oriented dipole radiating TM-polarized light, a vertically oriented dipole radiating TM-polarized light, a horizontally oriented dipole radiating TE-polarized light, and an isotropically oriented dipole. In Figure 5c, the relative radiated powers of the SP mode and the NF absorption are not included because they cannot be excited by the horizontally oriented dipole in the TE-polarized light [18; 26]. The accuracy of these calculation results is verified through a very good agreement with a so-called modal analysis, power fraction of all the optical modes, as a function of the dipole position in the EML, which is calculated by a commercial software of SETFOS at the same structure of the top-emitting OLED [35]. In Figure 5, it is noticeable that the relative radiative power of the absorption loss has a similar trend to that of the out-coupled air mode. In other words, they either increase or decrease simultaneously as the dipole position is varied. According to Equations (38)-(40), the relative radiative power of the absorption loss is obtained by the subtraction of that of the out-coupled air mode from the total relative radiated power of the air mode radiated at the emitter position. Correspondingly, the relative radiative powers of the out-coupled air mode and the absorption loss are proportional to the total relative radiative power of the air mode radiated at the emitter position.