## 3 Results
### FBCC-EP858, FBCC-EP920, and FBCC-EP1014 Exhibit Strong DPPH Radical Scavenging Activity
However, FBCC-EP920 at a concentration of 100 \(\upmu\)g/mL decreased the cell number (Figure 2A) and relative cell viability (85.0 \(\pm\) 3.2%, Figure 2B). For further investigation, FBCC-EP920 was used at a maximum concentration of 50 \(\upmu\)g/mL, while the highest concentration of FBCC-EP858 and FBCC-1014 was set at 100 \(\upmu\)g/mL. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**FBCC No.**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Con. (\(\upmu\)g/mL)**} & **DPPH Radical** & **Total Antioxidant Activity** \\  & & **Scavenging Activity (\%)** & **(Trolox Con., mM)** \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{FBCC-EP858} & 0 & 3.7 \(\pm\) 0.4 & 0.0523 \(\pm\) 0.0037 \\  & 6.25 & 30.4 \(\pm\) 0.1 & 0.0803 \(\pm\) 0.0007 \\  & 12.5 & 48.5 \(\pm\) 1.3 & 0.1160 \(\pm\) 0.0003 \\  & 25 & 69.3 \(\pm\) 2.2 & 0.1180 \(\pm\) 0.0033 \\  & 50 & 84.6 \(\pm\) 2.3 & 0.1830 \(\pm\) 0.0000 \\  & 100 & 94.0 \(\pm\) 0.3 & 0.2850 \(\pm\) 0.0037 \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{FBCC-EP920} & 0 & 03.9 \(\pm\) 0.5 & 0.0600 \(\pm\) 0.0010 \\  & 6.25 & 26.4 \(\pm\) 2.6 & 0.0810 \(\pm\) 0.0010 \\  & 12.5 & 47.2 \(\pm\) 1.8 & 0.0883 \(\pm\) 0.0017 \\  & 25 & 68.4 \(\pm\) 3.3 & 0.1540 \(\pm\) 0.0010 \\  & 50 & 82.5 \(\pm\) 2.3 & 0.2150 \(\pm\) 0.0003 \\  & 100 & 94.1 \(\pm\) 1.7 & 0.3860 \(\pm\) 0.0013 \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{FBCC-EP1014} & 0 & 3.7 \(\pm\) 0.5 & 0.0003 \(\pm\) 0.0017 \\  & 6.25 & 31.5 \(\pm\) 0.8 & 0.0890 \(\pm\) 0.0010 \\ \cline{1-1}  & 12.5 & 49.2 \(\pm\) 1.1 & 0.1080 \(\pm\) 0.0010 \\ \cline{1-1}  & 25 & 67.4 \(\pm\) 4.2 & 0.1550 \(\pm\) 0.0003 \\ \cline{1-1}  & 50 & 87.0 \(\pm\) 1.3 & 0.2270 \(\pm\) 0.0027 \\ \cline{1-1}  & 100 & 88.2 \(\pm\) 0.3 & 0.4300 \(\pm\) 0.0020 \\ \hline \hline Ascorbic acid & 20 (\({}^{1}\)) or 400 (\({}^{2}\)) mM & 53.8 \(\pm\) 0.3 & 0.1010 \(\pm\) 0.0003 \\ \hline \end{tabular} \({}^{(a)}\) DPPH radical scavenging activity. \({}^{(b)}\) Total antioxidant activity.  
\end{table} 
Table 2: In vitro DPPH radical scavenging activity and total antioxidant activity of three extracts used in this study. Fbcc-EP958, FBCC-EP920, and FBCC-EP1014 Alleviate \(H_{2}\)O\({}_{2}\)-Induced ROS Production in RAW 264.7 Cells and Zebrafish Larvae  
To evaluate the cellular antioxidant activity of FBCC-EP858, FBCC-EP920, and FBCC-EP1014, we investigated whether the extracts could downregulate ROS\({}^{+}\) cell population in H\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{2}\)-exposed RAW 264.7 cells using flow cytometry. As shown in Figure 3A, the ROS\({}^{+}\) cell population (red peaks) significantly increased in H\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{2}\)-treated RAW 264.7 cells, and treatment with FBCC-EP858, FBCC-EP920, and FBCC-EP1014 downregulated the ROS\({}^{+}\) cell population in a concentration-dependent manner. At a maximum concentration, FBCC-EP858, FBCC-EP920, and FBCC-EP1014 dramatically attenuated the ROS\({}^{+}\) cell population  
Figure 1: The IC50 value of in vitro DPPH radical scavenging activity. The indicated concentrations (0–100 \(\upmu\)g/mL) of FBCC-EP858, FBCC-EP920, and FBCC-EP1014 were mixed with DPPH solution for 10 min. Absorbance = 517 nm. (**A–C**) IC50 was evaluated for each extract using DPPH scavenging activity (%). Figure 2: Relative cell viability. RAW 264.7 macrophages were seeded at a density of 1 \(\times\) 10\({}^{4}\) cells/mL and treated with the indicated concentrations (0–100 \(\upmu\)g/mL) of FBCC-EP858, FBCC-EP920, and FBCC-EP1014 for 24 h. (**A**) The cytotoxicity was evaluated morphologically using phase-contrast microscopy (\(\times\)10). (**B**) The quantification of cell viability was conducted using WST-8 assay. Each value indicates the mean \(\pm\) SEM from three independent experiments. Significant differences among the groups were determined using an unpaired one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni correction. \({}^{\#}p<0.01\) vs. untreated cells. from approximately 30.5% to 16.5 \(\pm\) 0.5%, 18.3 \(\pm\) 0.4%, and 17.5 \(\pm\) 0.8%, respectively (Figure 3B). We also measured the in vivo antioxidant activity of these extracts in H\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{2}\)-treated zebrafish larvae using DCFDA staining.