# Research on Flexible Traceability System of _Agaricus bisporus_ Supply Chain
## 1 Introduction  
_Agaricus bisporus_, a common species of edible mushroom, faces challenges in its supply chain, including pesticide and chemical residues, microbial contamination, and inadequate temperature control. These issues can jeopardize consumer health and harm the reputations of enterprises. The rapid advancement of blockchain technology has garnered widespread interest in the international research community, providing a multitude of services not only in academia but also in practical applications [1]. The Chinese government has issued a total of 59 policy documents related to blockchain technology, aimed at supporting and promoting its application in various fields including finance, supply chain management, healthcare, and smart manufacturing. Additionally, the government has set development targets for the blockchain industry to achieve a significant scale by 2025. This initiative offers enterprises ample opportunities for development and promotes the construction of an innovative ecosystem. The application of blockchain technology in the field of food safety provides end-to-end traceability and information transparency, effectively addressing challenges such as difficulties in traceability and lack of transparency within the food industry [2, 3, 4, 5]. Its immutable nature ensures the authenticity and integrity of food information, bolsteringconsumer trust in food safety. Furthermore, blockchain technology enables functions like rapid recalls and real-time monitoring of the supply chain, enhancing the efficiency and precision of food safety management. Smart contracts are a type of contract system embedded in blockchain technology, encompassing agreements, conditions, and execution rules among contract participants. Once the conditions specified in the contract are met, smart contracts automatically execute their designated tasks, without the need for third-party intervention or mediation. This characteristic endows smart contracts with high levels of automation, transparency, and tamper resistance [6]. In conclusion, blockchain technology provides a viable and robust means to address food safety issues, offering solid technical support for industry development and ensuring consumer health and safety [7]. The rapid advancement of blockchain technology has provided a more dependable solution for traceability systems. Many scholars have conducted in-depth research on the challenges within traceability systems and proposed corresponding solutions. [PERSON] et al. proposed an approach that utilizes blockchain and internet of things (IoT) technology to trace the origin of agricultural products from farms. This is achieved by using smart contracts to record and store information in the form of logs on a blockchain system [8]. [PERSON] et al. introduced a node authorization method to differentially protect sensitive data that requires safeguarding. This method takes into account both the encryption protection of enterprise privacy data and the public supervision of supply chain traceability data [9]. [PERSON] et al. presented a multi-department supervisory scheme for a cluster-based agricultural product supply chain blockchain using CP-ABE. This scheme ensures data privacy while enabling data accessibility to relevant regulators [10]. [PERSON] et al. proposed an effective separation strategy, where the header and body of a blockchain are detached and stored within the blockchain, while the body is stored in the InterPlanetary File System [11]. Based on the research of multiple scholars, it can be observed that blockchain-based traceability systems for agricultural products exhibit notable advantages in terms of trustworthiness and transparency. However, certain challenges persist, such as the substantial query pressure when dealing with a large volume of data [12]. This arises from the fact that each blockchain ledger combines traceability data for multiple tracing entities, making it unable to meet the diverse requirements of different tracing subjects [13].