## 2 Materials and Methods
### Details about the GMB Process  
Five GMB workshops were conducted to develop the HI-CLD, each lasting approximately two hours. The HI-CLD is a continuation of an initial CLD diagram that considers all acute non-contact lower limb injuries [25]. In these co-creation workshops, the core modeling team and stakeholders engaged in a detailed discussion of the diagram, incorporating their perceptions of the problem into the HI-CLD. Eight (\(n=8\)) participants/team members, in total, constituted the HI-CLD modeling team, four (\(n=4\)) of them constituted the core modeling team (SAX, GNP, NIL, and CT) who participated in all workshops, and four (ET, KF, SR, FS) participated in the following workshops and they will be called stakeholders. During these co-creation workshops, each member of the core modeling team assumed one or more of the following roles based on Scriptapedia guidelines [39; 40]: (1) the facilitators (SAX and GNP), who guided the team through the discussion; (2) the modeler (NIL), focused on the team's created model; and (3) the recorder (CT), primarily tasked with recording the main elements of the modeling team progress. Stakeholders provided their opinions and discussed the model ([PERSON], KF, SR, [PERSON]) [37; 38].  
Table 1 presents the entire process of formulating the HI-CLD. In the first GMB workshop (B1), the risk factors affecting HI from the literature review were discussed. Specifically, the core modeling team and two academic members of the stakeholders' team  
(ET and KF) were involved in the first workshop. Based on the \"Variable Elicitation\" script [40], the members reviewed the risk factors list and proposed additional factors or deleted factors. After the members reached a consensus, a final list of risk factors was formulated, and the members proposed an additional literature review for other possible risk factors affecting HI. Based on the outcome of the aforementioned workshop, the principal investigator created the first perspective of risk factor interaction to be discussed in the following GMB workshops.  
This was followed by two GMB workshops (B2 and B3), where the core modeling team (Table 1) discussed the HI-CLD using the \"Causal Mapping with Seed Structure,\" \"Model Review\", and \"Next Steps and Closing\" scripts from Scriptpedia [39; 40]. In these workshops, further development of the HI-CLD occurred and a decision was made to integrate more stakeholders into the formulation process.  
Then, all team members (\(n=8\)) were invited to participate in the fourth GMB workshop. To better organize this workshop, the core modeling team prepared and emailed to participants a video presentation on the HI-CLD, which introduced the scope of the meeting. The fourth GMB workshop included a two-hour web meeting involving all team members for a detailed discussion of the different components of the HI-CLD. The workshop was structured based on the \"Modeling community presentation\" and \"Model Review\" scripts. After the fourth workshop, stakeholders rated each risk factor included in the diagram according to their perception of its importance in the etiology of HIs. The core modeling team created a Microsoft Word file with all the factors discussed and inserted into the HI-CLD during the GMB workshops. This file was emailed to all participants of the modeling process and asked them to rate each risk factor's importance in the etiology of HI according to their point of view. This rating was performed on a scale of 1-10, where 1 represents \"this factor has no association with HI\" and 10 represents \"this factor has an extremely high association with HI\"  
After integrating the fourth GMB workshop's feedback from stakeholders, the core modeling team held a final fifth meeting to review and make the last modifications to the HI-CLD based on previous GMB discussions, stakeholders' factor ratings, and literature evidence.