###### Abstract
Experimental data have demonstrated that alcohol-mediated variation in the composition of the gut microbiome results in the disruption of intestinal barrier integrity, increased gut permeability, and endotoxemia, which further causes liver injury and significantly increases the risk of decompensating events [17]. Therefore, personalized dietary interventions and adequate nutritional supplementation may prevent the development of alcohol-induced organ injury. By extrapolating the diet-health relationship, the latest evidence focusing on the diversity and impact of intestinal microbiota on developing chronic diseases suggests the fact that dietary habits have a strong influence starting from early life, as improvements in the nutritional status of women before conception, during pregnancy and breastfeeding will have favourable outcomes regarding foetal growth, survival, and better long-term health [18]. Recent studies have shown that human milk microbiota plays a crucial role in shaping children's health, as it almost exclusively contributes to microbial gastrointestinal colonisation in the first 100 days of life. Suboptimal maternal diet and high body mass index are some of the several factors that influence the diversity and composition of breast milk microbiota, and intestinal microbial dysbiosis in children is a trigger for the later onset of chronic diseases such as obesity [19]. Mounting evidence also suggests that there is a link between intestinal dysbiosis, microbial diversity, and psychiatric disorders like schizophrenia, with a potential for therapeutic implications through microbiome manipulation and prebiotics supplementation in the form of nonfermentable fibre. A poor diet later in life may negatively impact microbial diversity and act as a modifiable risk factor for mental diseases and many others [20]. Schizophrenia, a multifaceted psychiatric disorder characterized by disturbances in thought processes, perceptions, and emotions, stands as a profound challenge to both mental and physical well-being. The intricate interplay between schizophrenia, dietary habits, and physical health has emerged as a critical area of exploration, shedding light on the far-reaching consequences of this disorder. Beyond the traditionally recognized mental health implications, schizophrenia intricately weaves its impact into the fabric of one's overall health, extending its reach to encompass physiological realms. Taking into consideration the abovementioned aspects regarding the role of optimising nutrition in all stages of life, there is an urgent need to globally increase the level of education with a focus on promoting the intake of healthy nutrients, rather than only targeting bad nutritional habits like sugar and fat consumption. While low educational levels, in general, are related to poor nutrition choices, like diets high in carbohydrates, sweets, and red meats and low in fibres, high educational levels promote increased nutritional diversity and a lower caloric intake [21] and appear to have a mitigating effect on poor diet in low-income countries [22]. Personalized nutrition strategies use individual-specific information to promote dietary behaviour change that may result in health benefits. The outcomes of providing nutrition education could be summarised into two main aspects, both of them being measurable:  
* _Promoting nutritional behaviour change_ is an essential step resulting from proper information about (but not limited to) dietary choices, aiming to promote measurable changes in dietary behaviours that may result in health improvement. The key element to consider is choosing adequate individual-specific information and ensuring sustainability and long-term adherence to new diet and lifestyle patterns. Current tools used to measure nutritional behaviour can be broadly classified as either active (requiring user input) or passive (not requiring user input).