## 4 Literature Review--Challenges, Opportunities, and Supporting Pillars towards Emerging Trends
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline
**Author** & **Challenge** & **Opportunity** & **Supporting Fillars** & **Comments** \\ \hline \multirow{9}{*}{[PERSON] et al., 2020 [36]} & & Improve power distribution operations & & Managing performance and scalability \\  & Autonomous operation of power distribution & and the necessary information exchange & Use of cloud-edge-device & problems by using a device-edge-cloud \\  & automation systems, which use processing & consistency and improved & architecture and move & architecture based on SOA with \\  & intensive protocols & interoperability Get & microservices & microservices and \\  & & plug-and-play & & renewing the information model \\  & & for devices & & \\ \hline \multirow{9}{*}{[PERSON] et al., 2020 [4]} & Poor performance and scalability in management and automation systems in power grid & Get on-demand scalability and autonomy using cloud computing and smart automation systems & Use of SOA-based middleware/cloud platform for service restoration & Restoration of unreliable, poor performing, and non-scalable automation systems using the FIWARE framework \\ \hline \multirow{9}{*}{[PERSON] et al., 2020 [37]} & Realtime data acquisition and management within industrial systems, automation systems, interoperability and complex data data & Get intelligent automation within the pharmaceutical and data warehousing combined with standardized communications & Demonstrating intelligent automation within the pharmaceutical industry using the OPC-UA \\  & Realtime data acquisition and management within industrial processes & Use of intelligent IoT architectures in smart industries and cities & Use of complex event processing, machine learning (ML), and SOA & Comparison of Male and WSO2 IoT architectures to detect cybersecurity attacks (realtime) in cyber-physical systems \\ \hline \multirow{9}{*}{[PERSON] and [PERSON], 2021 [10]} & & & Comparison of 9 IoT platforms, and out of these, ThingsBoard was selected for the use case and it was shown that workforce productivity can be affected by an improved in-door climate, in particular during the cold seasons \\ \cline{1-1}  & & Save engineering time for further development and development and maintenance by using “skill interfaces” modeled and derived from interface descriptions and production plans & Generating fault-tolerant orchestrators \\ \cline{1-1}  & Software complexity in control systems. Need to keep the complexity at an acceptable level & Use of SOA and orchestration module to automate generation of models & embodying complex logic, by automating the “skill” composition, improves flexibility of automation systems and efficiency of the engineering work \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: _Cont._From Table 1, it is possible to distinguish emerging trends such as the need to implement intelligent automation systems, become further efficient in terms of development/operation/maintenance of automation systems, and enhance the automation of routine engineering tasks. [PERSON] et al. [9] (p. 27) refer to parts of this large challenge as the \"embedded grand challenge\". One way to do this is to move away from the traditional monolith automation systems and invest in SOA and microservices to transition to a better situation. The use of a competent SOA-based platform and microservices for development of professional automation systems will be further investigated in the five case studies in Section 5.