## 1 Introduction
### Related Surveys
Minimizing the AoI to facilitate the timely delivery and freshness of information involves complex design considerations of many elements, including flight (trajectory and altitude) control, scheduling of sensor nodes and UAVs, the association of sensor nodes with the UAV or with their cluster heads and selection points, UAV data collection mode selection, as well as energy-efficiency. Furthermore, issues such as network size, number of UAVs, channel conditions, and physical impairments also affect the AoI. Various architecture-specific assumptions and techniques that have been studied by researchers will also be highlighted in this paper. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**Ref** & **Year** & **Focus** \\ \hline
[10] & 2015 & Distributed processing applications for UAVs \\ \hline
[11] & 2014 & 3D wireless ad hoc and sensor networks \\ \hline
[12] & 2014 & The use of multiple UAVs for persistent surveillance \\ \hline
[13] & 2016 & UAV communication networks for civil applications \\ \hline
[14] & 2016 & UAVs for civil applications \\ \hline
[15] & 2016 & UAV-based disaster management applications and issues \\ \hline
[16] & 2017 & WSN- and multi-UAV-assisted disaster management \\ \hline
[17] & 2017 & UAV-based disaster prediction and management \\ \hline
[18] & 2017 & UAV-based intelligent transport for smart cities \\ \hline
[19] & 2017 & UAV-assisted disaster management \\ \hline
[20] & 2019 & Collaborative UAV-WSN for monitoring \\ \hline
[21] & 2019 & Autonomous inspection via multi-UAV \\ \hline
[22] & 2020 & UAV applications in WSNs \\ \hline
[23] & 2019 & Green UAV for public safety applications \\ \hline
[24] & 2020 & Aerial wireless relay for emergencies \\ \hline
[25] & 2020 & FANET technologies and applications \\ \hline
[26] & 2020 & UAV data collection in the IoT \\ \hline
[27] & 2020 & UAV applications for precision agriculture \\ \hline
[28] & 2021 & Viticulture \\ \hline
[30] & 2020 & Mobile edge computing in UAV networks \\ \hline
[31] & 2020 & Air–ground integrated edge systems \\ \hline
[32] & 2020 & UAV softwarization applications \\ \hline
[34] & 2020 & Internet of Flying Things \\ \hline
[33] & 2021 & UAV for 5G and beyond \\ \hline
[39] & 2022 & Micro UAV charging techniques \\ \hline
[40] & 2022 & Applications in disaster management \\ \hline
[41] & 2022 & Drone scheduling problems \\ \hline
[42] & 2022 & Drone-based logistics systems \\ \hline
[43] & 2022 & Farm monitoring and pesticide spraying \\ \hline
[44] & 2022 & Green UAV for 6G \\ \hline
[45] & 2022 & UAV path planning using optimization \\ \hline
[46] & 2022 & UAV for precision agriculture \\ \hline
[47] & 2022 & Computing for UAV-assisted 6G and Industry 4.0/5.0 \\ \hline
[48] & 2022 & UAV-based forest health monitoring \\ \hline
[49] & 2022 & AI-enabled routing protocols for UAVs \\ \hline
[50] & 2022 & AI applied to path planning in UAV swarms \\ \hline
[51] & 2022 & Cyber security threats and solutions for UAVs \\ \hline
[52] & 2022 & Environmental monitoring \\ \hline
[53] & 2022 & UAV-assisted data collection for IoT \\ \hline
[54] & 2022 & AI-powered 3D deployment of drone BS \\ \hline
[55] & 2022 & Forest insect pests and disease monitoring \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Summary of UAV-related surveys.