# Smart Handoff Technique for Internet of Vehicles Communication using Dynamic Edge-Backup Node
###### Abstract
This process known as a mobility handoff stage, and  
Figure 1: Applications of a vehicular adhoc network (VANET). guarantees the consistent Internet availability while handoff is being performed. The Mobile Internet Protocol Version 4 (MIPv4) proposed in [3], contains a few issues, such as triangular routing, the short scope of communication, and the feeble security component. The MIPv6 was acquainted with the necessary improvements which defeated the issues from MIPv4. It provides a preferable security system and effectiveness over MIPv4. The necessity of a consistent network in VANET was not satisfied by MIPv6 [4] due to its elevated mobility of nodes. Hierarchical Mobile Internet Protocol (HMIPv6) was proposed to give an answer to MIPv6. In HMIPv6 protocol, in points of on-link, few entities are involved in providing IP-Mobility handoff process. The care of address (CoA) is locally obtained via Mobile anchor point (MAP) and the regional care of address (RCoA) is globally obtained. The MAP is utilized to deal with mobility area-handoff of the mobile client. The MAP is classified into two sections, micro-mobility and macro mobility. Mobile host (MH) uses the micro-mobility management method to produce an LCoA and launches a compulsory message to MAP, whereas mobile host (MH) uses a macro mobility management method to produce an LCoA and launches a compulsory message to its home agent (HA). It includes a handoff process which basically means changing the connection point during communication. In [5] the authors proposed the advanced mobility handoff scheme, whereby the mobile node utilizes a unique home IPv6 address developed to maintain communication with other corresponding nodes without a care of address during the roaming process. Moreover, a temporary MN-ID was generated by an access point (AP) each time an MN was associated with a particular AP and temporarily saved in a developed table inside the AP. However, as was highlighted by the authors in this work, there is still a need for a predictor to act proactively in a smart way to anticipate the possible handoff about to take palace. Figure 2 shows the traditional concept that whenever a mobile station is connected to a base station(BS), there is a need to change to the BS. This is called handoff or handover. Generally speaking, handoff processes could be performed as reactive or proactive; they use a similar concept as in any wireless technology. The handoff process involves one client node and at least two infrastructure nodes in which the client node should be attached to one of the infrastructure nodes. In order to achieve a low latency handoff, the process should be triggered proactively; hence, numerous methods were proposed over the past few years to address this challenge within vehicular communication. In [6] the author proposed a model which was made such that VANET still experiences issues of handoff due to delay and failure of packet delivery. As discussed in [7; 8], the procedure of handoff generally occurs when a mobile user moves into the range of neighboring cell and can be controlled within the BS; the controller of BS manages numerous BS. Handoff Management in IoV is performed by re-routing to construct a new path to the destination. When a MN moves, a cluster of neighbor's changes and a new path of data transfer needs to be established rapidly without any delay for better handoff performance, as shown in Figure 3. Having this process managed from  
Figure 2: Traditional concept of handoff/handover. a distant cloud server makes the process introduce some delay--more than required. In MEC, the concept is to occupy each BS controller with computational resources to shift this handoff processing to the edge of vehicles to achieve the minimum possible delay. This paper specifically tends to the handoff challenges, cluster-based handoff using the proposed dynamic edge-backup node (DEBCK). Furthermore, this paper also examines the handoff delay, throughput techniques, and parameters of handoff for some related studies.