# The Future of Healthcare with Industry 5.0: Preliminary Interview-Based Qualitative Analysis
## 2 Theoretical Background
### 15.0 in Healthcare
#### 2.1.2 Healthcare 1.0 to Healthcare 5.0  
Healthcare 1.0, from 1970 to 1990 [33], represents the traditional model of direct patient-clinician encounters, a practice that has been the foundation of healthcare for centuries, where clinicians rely on empirical evidence and their expertise for testing, diagnosis, and prescribing treatment [34]. The principal objective was \"quality treatment and patient's survivability\" [35]. This model, prevalent before the digital age, involved manual record-keeping on paper, which, although widely used, presented challenges in privacy and meeting the growing demands of healthcare services due to an expanding population [36]. Despite its limitations, the face-to-face Healthcare 1.0 model has been a resilient practice in medical care [19]. As the population and demand for quality services increased, the model faced challenges in scalability and maintaining enough trained healthcare workers [19; 34]. Figure 1: Evolution from Industry 1.0 to Industry 5.0. Healthcare 2.0, evolving during the early 20 th century from 1991 to 2005 [37], marked a significant shift toward industrialization in healthcare, integrating new medical equipment and digital technologies for enhanced patient care [14]. Healthcare 2.0 represents the integration of advanced medical devices and digital technology into care delivery, marked by the industrialization of the healthcare sector and a focus on the value chain for end-to-end service coverage [35]. Also, our research indicates a paradigm where healthcare is characterized by increased home visits, a reduction in diagnostic testing, a narrower scope of disease knowledge, and a minimized reliance on pharmaceutical interventions [38]. This period saw the introduction of e-health, the adoption of electronic-based medical devices, and the early stage of digital technology for patient tracking and imaging, significantly improving diagnosis, treatment, and healthcare efficiency [36; 39]. The era was characterized by a transition from traditional face-to-face services to a more electronically facilitated healthcare environment, leveraging the power of electricity and technology in Industry 2.0 [34]. Healthcare 3.0 emerged in 2006 and lasted until 2015 as a paradigm characterized by automation and advanced information systems, transforming healthcare through the introduction of Electronic Health Records (EHRs) and enabling more efficient care and remote healthcare capabilities [19]. This period saw artificial intelligence (AI) and digital technologies, like IoT and cloud computing, being integrated to address the challenges of data security and meet the rising demand for quality healthcare services [36]. EHRs became crucial for managing patient data and supporting the healthcare system's efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and ability to cope with larger patient populations [34; 39]. \"Health 4.0 heralds the conversion of traditional health care approaches in light of a patient-centered perspective\", [PERSON] states in [40]. Healthcare 4.0, which ran from 2016 to 2019 [37], is aligned with the digitalization era, focusing on unique business models, mass personalization, and proactive healthcare. This revolution parallels Industry 4.0, transforming healthcare into a cyber-physical system integrated with IoT, Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), wearables, and medical robots, all supported by cloud computing, big data, and AI for smarter, interconnected healthcare delivery. This integration enables proactive treatments and personalized medicine, enhancing patient-centered care [19; 35; 41]. Further advancing the healthcare industry, Healthcare 4.0 introduces real-time customization of healthcare through technologies such as big data, IoT, and cloud computing. It encapsulates the notion of delivering real-time personalized healthcare to patients, physicians, and caregivers. Amidst growing medical innovation, this healthcare revolution raises both immense possibilities and significant challenges, reshaping healthcare delivery on a global scale [42; 43].