## 1 Introduction  
Dental composite resins are the materials most commonly used in dental clinics due to their superior esthetic properties and ability to bond with dental surfaces [1]. They differ in terms of the resin matrix type, particle size, filler particle type, and quantity [2]. In recent years, technological advancements have contributed significantly to the field, enabling the creation of innovative dental restoration materials that offer enhanced durability and esthetic performance. Color stability is essential in esthetic composite, which permits maintaining the esthetic appearance over time. Internal and external factors can influence resin composite color and cause composite discoloration. Important factors are the composition of composite materials and the polymerization processes, which include the photo-initiator, resin matrixes, and polymerization intensity [3]. The usage of (Bis-GMA) bisphenol glycidyl dimethacrylate, invented by [PERSON] in 1962, was a significant advancement in composite materials. Minimizing volatility and transmission into the tissues, raising cross-linking capability, lowering polymerization contraction, and faster hardening under oral conditions are all benefits of (Bis-GMA) that have been proved over conventional polymethyl methacrylate [4]. The particle size of the filler is decreased from macro to micro and then to hybrids over time. The strength and handling qualities are improved by combining micro and mini fillers. Thus, the manufacturer's objective is to maximize filler loading while minimizing filler size, as with hybrids [5]. Recently, nanotechnology was used to develop resin composites with superior esthetic and mechanical properties [6; 7]; hydration sorption, the roughness of the surfaces, and the eating habits of the patient also influence staining of the restorative material [3; 8]. The quality of the restorations can be affected by the drinking of some beverages, such as tea, coffee, Coke, orange juice, and even fluoridated water. Because diets contain a variety of colored foods and beverages, they have the potential to change the colors of composite restorations over time through absorption and adsorption of colorants [9]. Many studies have shown that several types of color solutions, including coffee, red wine, and others, can stain light-cured composite resins to different levels [10; 11], and the potential of staining differs considerably among them [11; 12]. Furthermore, there is a growing interest in exploring the effects of various beverages and food items on the color stability of dental composites, considering the wide-ranging dietary preferences of patients. Nanohybrid composites showed lower color stability of nanocomposite resin after exposure to coffee, tea, and wines than microcomposite resin in previous studies [13; 14]. [PERSON] et al. evaluated the color stability of composites following immersion in Coca-Cola, coffee, and tea, and found that coffee and tea induced clinically detectable discoloration in microhybrid and nanocomposite [15]. A recent study compared the color stability of three different types of nanohybrid composite after exposure to coffee, and chlorhexidine reported more discoloration [16]. Advancements in measurement techniques have also played a crucial role in assessing color stability in dental composites. Color measurement in dentistry is determined in two ways: visually or by using an instrument. The most common method is visual color determination, traditionally with the Vita shade guide. Several factors influence measurement findings with this method, including age, eye fatigue, color vision, and experience. It is also a subjective procedure with some limitations, including a lack of standardization and inconsistent results [17; 18]. Colorimeters, spectrophotometers, spectroradiometers, 3D Shape software, and digital cameras are used to measure color. In recent years, the usage of a digital camera and subsequent analysis by software has grown in popularity.