# M-Shape PV Arrangement for Improving Solar Power Generation Efficiency
###### Abstract
There is another important reason. When photovoltaic cells are working, the shading of shadows has a great effect on them. Therefore, in practice, it is difficult  
Figure 1: The power generation efficiency of the imagined standard arrangement and M-shape arrangement. The yellow line shows the PV array arrangement today. The green line shows the M-shape arrangement which is explained in this paper. The red line shows the past PV power system structure. to use the same distribution of panels as leaves. [PERSON] et al. [9] demonstrated that absorbers and reflectors can be combined in the absence of sun-tracking to build three-dimensional photovoltaic structures that can generate measured energy densities which are higher by a factor of 2-20 than stationary flat PV panels. In fact, the M-shape is also a 3d structure. [PERSON] et al. [10] proposed an alternative method in which solar photovoltaic systems were installed on the available surfaces of existing water infrastructure ( dams, irrigation canals) in the Mediterranean islands. This design creates a synergy between the energy-generating PV system and the water infrastructure. As we all know, for modern humans, water and energy are necessary things on the island. With the M-shape, it will save more space, which means that more panels can be set. Distributed photovoltaics (PV) is reported to roughly contribute 50% of the total globally installed solar energy capacity. Rooftop PV systems remain significant and give economic benefits [11]. [PERSON] et al. [12] proposed a rooftop-estimating method. This approach does not require much equipment or tools and computer skills. Smart tracking solar panels are not good for rooftops, because there is not enough space to rotate. Firstly, it is more expensive for families. They require adjustment at any time, which makes them difficult to be deployed in small locations. Adjusting the placement of solar panels can, however, increase the number of panels, as this concept highly depends on the area of the rooftop. This will avoid peak power and lead to very good research. In addition, harsh environments are not suitable for smart panels. For example, PV panels fixed in typhoon-prone areas such as Okinawa will be more stable. Because of the fact that the M-shape PV panel design has a triangular shape, it is stronger. In view of this, this work sought to investigate the possibility of increasing the PV system power generation by changing the conventional PV array arrangement with solar panel azimuths towards the east and the west (M-shape). Simulations were performed in six cities in the Asia region with different latitudes. This design was reported to increase power generation by 15% by NTTin Japan [13], and details are shown in Figure 2.  
Owing to the fact that the total energy of photovoltaic power is derived from the sun, the amount of solar radiation energy will be related to latitude, sunshine time, air quality, and geographic location. The power generation of photovoltaic panels is affected by the installation angle; hence, changing the  
Figure 2: Diagrams of a standard PV array arrangement (S-shape) and an M-shape PV array arrangement (M-shape). The left side is arranged in M-shape with the plane’s normal vector facing the east and the west. On the right is the S-shape with the plane’s normal vector facing the south. natural environment is a bold idea, so that an optimal tilt angle is achieved to increase the amount of power generated. Studies [14; 15] have provided references for calculating the optimal tilt angle, and the same method was used to find the best tilt angle by calculating the solar radiation model of the inclined plane. [PERSON] et al. [14] provided two types of methods to calculate the solar, isotropic, and anisotropic model. However, these approaches did not provide enough conviction in the study. There were still uncertainties with the approaches. [PERSON] et al.