# The Progress of Cobalt-Based Anode Materials for Lithium Ion Batteries and Sodium Ion Batteries
## 3 Preparation Methods of Synthesizing Cobalt-based Active Materials
### Other Methods
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Types of Materials** & **Synthetic Method** & **Co Source** & **Reference** \\ \hline hollow Co\({}_{3}\)O\({}_{4}\)/NGC & Heat treatment & Co(NO\({}_{3}\))\({}_{2}\bullet\)6H\({}_{2}\)O & [127] \\ \hline starfish-like Co\({}_{3}\)O\({}_{4}\)@nitrogen-doped & Heat treatment & Co(NO\({}_{3}\))\({}_{2}\bullet\)6H\({}_{2}\)O & [128] \\ carbon & Heat treatment & Co(NO\({}_{3}\))\({}_{2}\bullet\)6H\({}_{2}\)O & [129] \\ \hline yolk-shell Co\({}_{3}\)O\({}_{4}\)/C dodecahedrons & Heat treatment (350 \({}^{\circ}\)C, Air) & Co(NO\({}_{3}\))\({}_{2}\bullet\)6H\({}_{2}\)O & [129] \\ \hline hexagonal Co\({}_{9}\)O\({}_{4}\) nanosheets & Hydrothermal (120 \({}^{\circ}\)C, 10 h) & Co(NO\({}_{3}\))\({}_{2}\bullet\)6H\({}_{2}\)O & [130] \\ \hline ultrathin mesoporous Co\({}_{3}\)O\({}_{4}\) & Heat treatment (450 \({}^{\circ}\)C, Air) & Co(NO\({}_{3}\))\({}_{2}\bullet\)6H\({}_{2}\)O & [131] \\ \hline flower-like Co\({}_{3}\)O\({}_{4}\)/C nanosheets & Heat treatment (500 \({}^{\circ}\)C, Air) & Co(NO\({}_{3}\))\({}_{2}\bullet\)6H\({}_{2}\)O & [132] \\ \hline Co\({}_{3}\)O\({}_{4}\)/GF & Heat treatment (300 \({}^{\circ}\)C, Air) & Co(NO\({}_{3}\))\({}_{2}\bullet\)6H\({}_{2}\)O & [133] \\ \hline ES-CNC\({}_{9}\)O\({}_{4}\) fibers & Heat treatment (800 \({}^{\circ}\)C, Ar/H\({}_{2}\)) & Co(NO\({}_{3}\))\({}_{2}\bullet\)6H\({}_{2}\)O & [11] \\ \hline Co\({}_{3}\)O\({}_{4}\)/MnO\({}_{2}\)@C & Electrospinning & (C\({}_{2}\)H\({}_{3}\)O\({}_{2}\))\({}_{2}\)Co\(\bullet\)4H\({}_{2}\)O & [91] \\ \hline CoP\({}_{3}\) & Electrodeposition & CoO & [18] \\ \hline CoP\({}_{x}\) & Ball milling & Co powder & [82] \\ \hline Co\({}_{2}\)P & Electrodeposition & CoCl\({}_{2}\bullet\)6H\({}_{2}\)O & [46] \\ \hline Co\({}_{x}\)P & Heat treatment (320 \({}^{\circ}\)C, Ar) & (C\({}_{2}\)H\({}_{3}\)O\({}_{2}\))\({}_{2}\)Co\(\bullet\)4H\({}_{2}\)O & [79] \\ \hline Co\({}_{x}\)P & HEMM & Co powder & [134] \\ \hline CoP/RGO & Hydrothermal (180 \({}^{\circ}\)C, 16 h) & CoCl\({}_{2}\bullet\)6H\({}_{2}\)O & [135] \\ \hline CoP microflake & Heat treatment (350 \({}^{\circ}\)C, Ar) & Co(NO\({}_{3}\))\({}_{2}\bullet\)6H\({}_{2}\)O & [136] \\ \hline CoP nanorod & Hydrothermal (100 \({}^{\circ}\)C, 12 h) & Co(NO\({}_{3}\))\({}_{2}\bullet\)6H\({}_{2}\)O & [61] \\ \hline honeycomb-like CoP/Co\({}_{2}\)P & Heat treatment (600 \({}^{\circ}\)C, Ar) & CoCl\({}_{2}\bullet\)6H\({}_{2}\)O & [137] \\ \hline core-shell CoP/FeP porous & Heat treatment (300 \({}^{\circ}\)C, Ar) & (C\({}_{2}\)H\({}_{3}\)O\({}_{2}\))\({}_{2}\)Co\(\bullet\)4H\({}_{2}\)O & [70] \\ \hline mesoporous CoP nanorods & Hydrothermal (120 \({}^{\circ}\)C, 6 h) & Co(NO\({}_{3}\))\({}_{2}\bullet\)6H\({}_{2}\)O & [138] \\ \hline Co\({}_{2}\)P-Co/graphene & Galvanic replacement & (C\({}_{2}\)H\({}_{3}\)O\({}_{2}\))\({}_{2}\)Co\(\bullet\)4H\({}_{2}\)O & [139] \\ \hline A-Co\({}_{2}\)P/C\({}_{x}\)N\({}_{y}\)B\({}_{x}\)-650 & Heat treatment (650 \({}^{\circ}\)C, Ar) & Co(NO\({}_{3}\))\({}_{2}\bullet\)6H\({}_{2}\)O & [140] \\ \hline CoP/CNS & Hydrothermal (120 \({}^{\circ}\)C, 6 h) & Co(NO\({}_{3}\))\({}_{2}\bullet\)6H\({}_{2}\)O & [13] \\ \hline CoP@NPPCS & Heat treatment (900 \({}^{\circ}\)C, Ar) & (C\({}_{2}\)H\({}_{3}\)O\({}_{2}\))\({}_{2}\)Co\(\bullet\)4H\({}_{2}\)O & [141] \\ \hline CoP hollow nanorods/graphene & Hydrothermal (140 \({}^{\circ}\)C, 10 h) & CoCl\({}_{2}\bullet\)6H\({}_{2}\)O & [25] \\ \hline carbon-encapsulated CoP & Heat treatment (850 \({}^{\circ}\)C, Ar) & Co(NO\({}_{3}\))\({}_{2}\bullet\)6H\({}_{2}\)O & [142] \\ \hline Co\({}_{2}\)P@N-C@rGO & Heat treatment (900 \({}^{\circ}\)C, Ar) & Co(NO\({}_{3}\))\({}_{2}\bullet\)6H\({}_{2}\)O & [143] \\ \hline CoP\({}_{3}\)@Ppy microcubes & Coprecipitation\& Parkerizing & (C\({}_{2}\)H\({}_{3}\)O\({}_{2}\))\({}_{2}\)Co\(\bullet\)4H\({}_{2}\)O & [144] \\ \hline carbon coated CoP\({}_{3}\) & HEMM & Co powder & [80] \\ \hline Co\({}_{9}\)S\({}_{8}\)@C nanoparticles & Hydrothermal \& heat treatment & Co(NO\({}_{3}\))\({}_{2}\bullet\)6H\({}_{2}\)O & [23] \\ \hline
3D spongy CoS\({}_{2}\) & Freeze-dry \&heat treatment & \\ nanoparticles/carbon & \& hydrothermal & Co(NO\({}_{3}\))\({}_{2}\bullet\)6H\({}_{2}\)O & [12] \\ \hline hollow Co\({}_{9}\)S\({}_{8}\)@C & Heat treatment \& saturation & (C\({}_{2}\)H\({}_{3}\)O\({}_{2}\))\({}_{2}\)Co\(\bullet\)4H\({}_{2}\)O & [145] \\ \hline CoS@S-doped OLC & Hydrothermal \& heat treatment & Co(NO\({}_{3}\))\({}_{2}\bullet\)6H\({}_{2}\)O & [146] \\ \hline SnS\({}_{2}\)@CoS\({}_{2}\)\(\cdot\)rGO & Hydrothermal (180 \({}^{\circ}\)C, 24 h) & CoCl\({}_{2}\bullet\)6H\({}_{2}\)O & [147] \\ \hline CoS\({}_{2}\)@NCH & Solvothermal \& heat treatment & Co(NO\({}_{3}\))\({}_{2}\bullet\)6H\({}_{2}\)O & [148] \\ \hline CoS\({}_{2}\)/C micropolyhedron & Heat treatment (900 \({}^{\circ}\)C, N\({}_{2}\)) & Co(NO\({}_{3}\))\({}_{2}\bullet\)6H\({}_{2}\)O & [33] \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}