## 5 Case Study: DfHFinI4.0 in PERA 4.0
In the proposal regarding PERA 4.0, which integrates the human factor into SCMS, as illustrated in Figure 10, the aforementioned elements are maintained. The elements and tools belonging to the DFHiniI4.0 framework are incorporated into the design of socio-technical systems for the integration of the human factor, the industrial equipment, and the information and control system, thereby giving rise to two types of interfaces. In the same model, Operator 4.0 is configured as one more cyber-physical system, whose subrogate model obtained in the cloud will serve to adapt the interfaces and technology of the occupational environment to the operator positioned at the workstation. Figure 10: Integrating DHFiniI4.0 in PERA 4.0 operations phase. The evolution of the PERA model of manufacturing entity three (analogously for the rest of the PERA entities) towards a PERA 4.0 entity three as a cyber-physical system under the possibilities of KETs, determines that the hierarchical architecture of the control system (analogous to ISA-85 and ISA-99) associated with manufacturing devices has been modified by distributed intelligent cyber-physical systems architecture, with real-time connectivity for monitoring and control in the edge and cloud. For this reason, the engineering or re-engineering of PERA towards PERA 4.0 architecture not only implies the integration and empowerment of the human factor with the DFHinI4 framework proposed, but also indicates the transformation of the hierarchical architecture, initially proposed under the PERA methodology of entity three, into a distributed architecture of cyber-physical systems based on micro-services under the PERA 4.0 methodology. Entity three of the PERA manufacturing systems has established certain levels, characteristics and interrelations [128], which include:  
* Level 0: Process. In this level, the real physical processes are defined by means of sensors, actuators, and other devices of the manufacturing process, and perform the functions of the automation and industrial control system for the measurement of the variables of the machines and the control of the process outputs. The devices communicate with each other, with the operator, and with top-level control devices. * Level 1: Basic control. This level employs programmable automation controllers (PAC), which control and manipulate the manufacturing process, and act according to the feedback offered by the level-0 devices. The operator programs, configures, and manages these devices from the workstation through the human machine interface (HMI). In turn, the PACs (which for discrete manufacturing are called PLCs, and for process manufacturing are more specifically called DCSs) communicate with the specific information and control elements of levels 2 and 3, and also with other PACs. * Level 2: Supervision control area. At this level, the supervision of the execution time and the operation of an area of the production facility are carried out using HMI, alert systems, batch-processing management systems, and the control of workstations. This level 2 communicates with PACs of level 1 and shares data with business systems and the applications of levels 4 and 5. * Level 3: Manufacturing and control operations. This represents the highest level of the industrial automation and control system. This level includes the functions involved in managing workflows. * Level 4: Business planning and site logistics. This level includes programming systems, material flow applications, manufacturing execution systems (MES), and information technology services (ITS). * Level 5: Company. Residing at this level are the business resource management services, company-company through ERP and company-client through CRM for the PLM product, and BIM for the facility. Figure 11 shows the incorporation of the DFHinI4.0 framework in a fractalized way, in the design and development of the various entities of the PERA 4.0 architecture for all the phases of the life cycle engineering that integrates the PERA methodology.