## 1 Introduction  
The development of new hardware and new technologies in wireless networks makes it practical for small devices with sensing abilities to be connected into sensor networks. A considerable amount of attention and research has been devoted in recent years to the deployment of mobile sensing for use in data gathering, healthcare, collaborative information processing and environmental monitoring. By collaborating and exchanging information, sensors ensure energy efficiency. Theoretical research and practical experience have shown that optimal collaboration data gathering strategy among mobile sensor nodes can significantly balance the energy consumption of cluster heads and prolong network lifetime. In the mobile environment, sensor networks are robust and the topology may vary with the moving node. Energy consumption and energy balancing is still a challenging issue, especially in heterogeneous or mobile environments. Due to the fact that the sensor nodes are usually powered by batteries, the finite power supply makes maintaining the accessibility of the sensor nodes for long-term monitoring tasks a challenge. Therefore, energy efficiency is a key consideration in the development of wireless sensor networks (WSNs), especially in the oil and gas industry field. The rapid development of wireless sensor networks in recent years makes them a feasible solution for the oil and gas industry. WSNs can be remotely used to monitor pipeline, natural gas leaks, and to supply aids to oil and gas industries for platform safety improvement, operation optimization, problem prevention, error tolerance, and operating cost reduction [1; 2]. Pipeline leak accidents happen frequently due to aging effect of the pipelines, corrosion and other natural or man-made reasons. This not only causes huge economic losses, but also leads to severe damage to the ecological environment, threatening the lives of people. Therefore, establishing a pipeline leak monitoring system has important practical significance. In the past decades, wireless sensor networks have shown their great potential in reliable monitoring applications in the oil and gas industry. This paper designs a pipeline inspection and oil leakage monitoring system based on wireless sensor network technology. A lot of efforts have been devoted to maximizing the lifetime of WSNs [3; 4; 5; 6; 7]. Traditional routing protocols include the one-hop protocol, multi-hop protocol and cluster-based protocol. One-hop protocol has the \"limited transmission range\" drawback, while the multi-hop protocol has the \"serious delay\" problem. Cluster-based protocol adopts a hierarchical architecture, in which data is first aggregated in the cluster-head and then sent to the base station. Compared with the one-hop and multi-hop protocols, it is more suitable for long-range and time-critical applications. However, in static clustering, the unlucky cluster-heads would die quickly, and end the useful lifetime of all nodes belonging to those clusters. By using the randomized configuration of the high-energy cluster head, the low-energy adaptive clustering hierarchy (LEACH) algorithm can aid in prolonging network lifetime greatly [7; 8]. However, its performance is limited when it involves mobile sensors [9]. One of the key issues in WSNs, besides prolonging network lifetime, is to realize energy-efficient collaborations among sensor nodes in order to compensate for limited sensing, and limited processing capabilities in these nodes. The main goal of this paper is to propose an efficient collaborative strategy for oil exploration, extraction, transportation and storage, with a distributed sensor network. This paper considers that nodes locally exchange coded informative data before transmitting the combined data towards a remote fusion center in a collaborative wireless sensor network.