## 3 Results and Discussion
### Multivariate Analysis  
All samples were clustered using hierarchical clustered analysis in consideration of their antioxidant properties and enzyme inhibitory abilities. The purpose of this analysis was to figure out groups of samples that are relatively homogeneous and therefore that share specific biological activities in common. At the outset, the optimal number of cluster in the data set was determined by the estimation of the variance within the cluster. As shown in Figure 2A, a bend was observed at k equal to 3 which meant that added clusters beyond the third have little value. Thus, the suggested number of clusters was 3. Figure 2B showed the Clusters depiction of HCA; as can be seen the samples  
\begin{table} \begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Parts**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Methods**} & **AChE** & **BChE** & **Tyrosinase** & **Amylase** & **Glucosidase** \\  & & **Inhibition** & **Inhibition** & **Inhibition** & **Inhibition** & **Inhibition** \\  & & **(mg GALAE/g** & **(mg GALAE/g** & **KAE/g extract)** & **(mmol ACAE/g** & **(mmol ACAE/g** \\  & & **extract)** & **(m)** & **(m)** & **(m)** \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Flowers} & HAE & 1.52 \(\pm\) 0.11 d  & 2.83 \(\pm\) 0.36 d,e,f  & 69.86 \(\pm\) 0.46 c  & 0.25 \(\pm\) 0.01 a  & 0.05 \(\pm\) 0.02 f  \\  & MAC & 2.05 \(\pm\) 0.29 b  & 2.20 \(\pm\) 0.45 f  & 70.16 \(\pm\) 0.41 c  & 0.24 \(\pm\) 0.01 ab  & 0.09 \(\pm\) 0.01 f  \\  & UAE & 1.94 \(\pm\) 0.13 c  & 2.42 \(\pm\) 0.12 f  & 70.97 \(\pm\) 0.36 c  & 0.24 \(\pm\) 0.01 ab  & 0.51 \(\pm\) 0.06 e  \\  & SOX & 2.08 \(\pm\) 0.19 b  & 0.76 \(\pm\) 0.09 g  & 69.83 \(\pm\) 0.82 c  & 0.23 \(\pm\) 0.01 b  & 0.66 \(\pm\) 0.02 c  \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Leaves} & HAE & na & 3.48 \(\pm\) 0.28 d  & 72.82 \(\pm\) 0.27 b  & 0.20 \(\pm\) 0.01 c  & 0.75 \(\pm\) 0.01 b  \\  & MAC & na & 4.37 \(\pm\) 0.20 b  & 73.95 \(\pm\) 0.33 ab  & 0.18 \(\pm\) 0.01 ad  & 0.75 \(\pm\) 0.01 b [FONOTE:b]Footnote d: footnotemark: [ENDFOOTNOTE] \\  & UAE & 2.16 b  & 3.84 \(\pm\) 0.20 b  & 72.84 \(\pm\) 0.03 b  & 0.20 \(\pm\) 0.01 c  & 0.75 \(\pm\) 0.01 ab  \\  & SOX & na & 2.81 \(\pm\) 0.06 d,e  & 69.66 \(\pm\) 0.76 c  & 0.21 \(\pm\) 0.01 c  & 0.65 \(\pm\) 0.09 d  \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Roots} & HAE & na & 6.08 \(\pm\) 0.28 a  & 74.05 \(\pm\) 0.41 ab  & 0.18 \(\pm\) 0.01 d  & 0.79 \(\pm\) 0.01 a  \\  & MAC & 2.54 \(\pm\) 0.08 a  & 3.43 \(\pm\) 0.21 c,d  & 74.43 \(\pm\) 1.31 ab  & 0.17 \(\pm\) 0.01 e  & 0.85 \(\pm\) 0.01 a  \\  & UAE & na & 5.72 \(\pm\) 0.62 a  & 74.66 \(\pm\) 0.08 a  & 0.18 \(\pm\) 0.01 e  & 0.83 \(\pm\) 0.01 ab  \\  & SOX & 2.38 \(\pm\) 0.14 a,b  & 2.57 \(\pm\) 0.08 e,f  & 70.50 \(\pm\) 0.29 c  & 0.18 \(\pm\) 0.01 d  & 0.83 \(\pm\) 0.01 ab  \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}   
* Values are reported as mean \(\pm\)5.D. HAE: Homogenizer assisted extraction; MAC: Maceration; UAE: Ultrasound assisted extraction; SOX: Soxb: Scotland. GALAE: Galwas consolidated depending on the plant parts. Cluster 1 comprised of the samples derived from the flower part, cluster 2 included the samples of the leaves part while cluster 3 was an assemblage of roots samples. The clustering structure was acceptable since the average silhouette width was close to 1. HCA approach shown that _C. officinalis_ biological activities were mainly influenced by the organ's nature; however, no information related to how the biological activities mostly varied from a part to another were identified. Therefore, applying partial least squares discriminant analysis, can help to provide the information on these aspects. Figure 3 depicted the outcomes of PLS-DA by considering the type of parts as class memberships. According to Figure 2A, a complete separation from the three plant parts was observed along the first two function of the model. The discrimination result was the same with HCA, with an excellent predicted value (Area Under Curve (AUC)) for the first two function was 1). The biological activities mostly influenced by the type of part were identified based on the variable's importance in projection.