## 5 Conclusions  
This review provides a comprehensive overview of the potential of remote sensing to detect the impacts of climate change and EWEs in temperate forests. By constructing a search string of relevant terms using automated and manual filtering methods, we obtained 126 relevant studies published between 1 January 2014 and 31 January 2024. From these studies, information was collected on the study areas, the origins of the authors, the sensors used, their temporal and spatial resolution, and the time period studied. In addition, we analyzed which extreme events or trend analyses were examined, what the associated consequences in the forest were, and to what extent the studies differentiated the forest. The main findings are summarized below:  
* The increasing relevance of research on the impacts of climate change and EWEs on temperate forests is underlined by the increasing number of publications, with almost 60% of all studies published in the last four years. * Only countries with temperate forests conducted research on these biomes. Europe dominates both the number of first author affiliations (\(n=57\)) and the number of study areas (\(n=58\)) within the continent. However, when looking at individual countries, China stands out, with 36 first author affiliations and 32 study area assignments. * Optical data are used in 96% of the studies, more than 92% of the studies use satellites as a carrier system, and only about 5% of the studies combine different sensor types. * Studies utilizing timeseries data predominate, accounting for more than three quarters of all studies (78.6%). With the exception of Landsat, long-term series are only available from satellite systems with medium-to-coarse spatial resolution. * Sensors with spatial resolutions higher than 30 m predominate in this review, accounting for more than two thirds (69.9%) of the sensors used. * Study sizes range from very small studies (0.15 ha) to multi-continental studies, with large studies focusing more on long-term trend changes or drought events, and smaller studies focusing more on storms or other weather extremes. * In total, 71 of the 126 studies dealt with drought, followed by studies on trend changes (\(n=44\)). Recurrent extreme events were examined in 23 studies, and the effects of storms were examined in 11 studies. Four studies examined the effects of late frost, two studies examined the effects of floods on temperate forests, and one study examined the effects of heavy snowfall. * When attributing different impacts to forests, extreme events such as drought, storms, floods, heavy snowfall, and recurrent extreme events were most often associated with forest mortality (50-100%). In the case of changes in climatic conditions, most studies associated the forest change with a shifting phenology (46%). Different EWEs are regionally focused, and so the effects of storms and late frosts are studied almost exclusively in Europe and the effects of changing trends are studied primarily in temperate forests of Asia. * The intensity of EWEs together with soil conditions, tree species, forest type, structure, management, and stand location influence the response of the forest. These factors vary from site to site, and a better understanding is needed. * In more than 60% of the studies, the forest is further differentiated. In most cases, however, only forest types or forest structures are distinguished. Only in a few cases are impacts differentiated by tree species, and then only for very small or non-comprehensive areas. * The predominant focus on droughts (56.3% of all studies) is confirmed by other reviews, and is explained by the fact that water limitation, usually triggered by droughts, has the greatest area-wide impact on forests, in contrast to other extreme events. With this review, we present a comprehensive analysis of the current state of remote sensing capabilities to detect the impacts of climate change and weather extremes on temperate forests.