# Uncertainty Quantification for Infrasound Propagation in the Atmospheric Environment
## 5 Conclusions  
The uncertainty quantification method of the infrasound propagation model was implemented. Uncertain parameters (thermodynamic temperature, meridional wind, zonal wind, mean atmospheric molar mass, specific heat ratio) that affect infrasound propagation in complex atmospheric environments were considered. The sensitivity of the uncertain parameters to infrasound propagation was studied. The results show that the parameter that has a decisive influence on the propagation distance of infrasound is the meridional wind. The thermodynamic temperature is the parameter that has a decisive influence on the maximum height of infrasound propagation. The parameter that has a decisive influence on the infrasound travel time is the mean atmospheric molar mass. The above three conclusions are based on the MSISE00 model and the HWM93 model. The above uncertainty quantification analysis results are useful for the further understanding of the mechanisms of infrasound propagation in the atmosphere. They can also serve as data reference for infrasound source localization under an uncertain atmospheric environment. This paper analyzed the effects of five atmospheric parameters on infrasound propagation. In the future, the uncertainty quantification results can be modeled into the infrasound source localization algorithm as a priori information in order to enhance the localization effect.  
**Author Contributions:** Conceptualization, R.W. and L.Y.; methodology, R.W., L.Y., X.Y. and C.Z.; formal analysis, X.Y.; data curation, X.Y.; software, X.Y. and C.Z.; writing-- original draft, X.Y., R.W., L.Y., C.Z., T.W. and X.Z.; writing--review and editing, R.W., L.Y., C.Z., T.W. and X.Z.; supervision, R.W. and L.Y.; funding acquisition, R.W. and L.Y. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
**Funding:** This work was supported by the Open Fund of State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmissions of Chongqing University, China (SKLIMT-MSKKT202015), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 12074254 and 51505277), the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai (Grant No. 212R1434100), and the Open Fund of the Key Laboratory of Aerodynamic Noise Control (ANCL20210301). This work was also sponsored by the Oceanic Interdisciplinary Program of Shanghai Jiao Tong University (Project No. SL2021 MS009).  
**Institutional Review Board Statement:** Not applicable.  
**Informed Consent Statement:** Not applicable.  
**Data Availability Statement:** Measured wind data from Los Alamos National Laboratory ([[https://www.lanl.gov/org/ddste/aldcels/earth-environmental-sciences/geophysics/software/seismoacoustics/inframonitor.php](https://www.lanl.gov/org/ddste/aldcels/earth-environmental-sciences/geophysics/software/seismoacoustics/inframonitor.php)]([https://www.lanl.gov/org/ddste/aldcels/earth-environmental-sciences/geophysics/software/seismoacoustics/inframonitor.php](https://www.lanl.gov/org/ddste/aldcels/earth-environmental-sciences/geophysics/software/seismoacoustics/inframonitor.php)), accessed on 15 May 2021). Average atmospheric molar mass, specific heat ratio, and temperature data were obtained from the MSISE00 model ([[https://kauai.ccmc.gsfc.nasa.gov/instantrun/msis](https://kauai.ccmc.gsfc.nasa.gov/instantrun/msis)]([https://kauai.ccmc.gsfc.nasa.gov/instantrun/msis](https://kauai.ccmc.gsfc.nasa.gov/instantrun/msis)), accessed on 15 May 2021).  
**Acknowledgments:** The authors would like to thank [PERSON] (Beihang University) for his support and full discussion. We thank Los Alamos National Laboratory for providing the wind data. We thank the Community Coordinated Modeling Center (CCMC) for providing the data for atmospheric temperature, atmospheric molar mass, and specific heat ratio.  
**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest.