# Synergies and Potential of Industry 4.0 and Automated Vehicles in Smart City Infrastructure
## 3 Results
### Smart Cities and Autonomous Vehicles in Practice
As the authors said above, all of these measures ultimately help long-term sustainability and improve energy efficiency. Buildings have embedded sensors and monitoring systems to track energy usage and pinpoint sections with high consumption. City officials can create plans to reduce energy usage and improve efficiency using this information [46]. Above, the authors have described the agenda of two of the most well-known and progressive smart cities around the world. These cities are characterized by high levels of automation, digitization, and integration of the smart cities concept with elements such as autonomous vehicles and Industry 4.0. As can be seen from the Figure 4, these cities are well above average, especially in the areas of data management, citizen feedback, public awareness, housing and energy, and public safety. Of course, there are specific areas in which each city excels and in which it is weaker, but over the long term, these cities stay above average. Again, this is proof that integrating smart cities with its core elements can deliver the desired results. Figure 4 designed to plot 18 factors translated into values over multiple quantitative variables. Blue line is about the city and orange line is the average value for the six selected cities [47]. Automated vehicles and smart cities represent a reliable penetration in the effort to achieve sustainable, efficient, and friendly transport for residents and visitors. Their synergies and potential are evident in many areas, including more efficient transport, improved road safety, reduced emissions and pollution, better use of public spaces, and the provision of personalized transport solutions. Figure 4: Smart Cities—The sustainable program of six leading cities. Source: HEC Paris. Available online: [[https://www.hec.edu/en/smart-cities-sustainable-program-six-leading-cities](https://www.hec.edu/en/smart-cities-sustainable-program-six-leading-cities)]([https://www.hec.edu/en/smart-cities-sustainable-program-six-leading-cities](https://www.hec.edu/en/smart-cities-sustainable-program-six-leading-cities)) (accessed on 10 March 2024) [47]. The integration of automated vehicles into intelligent transport networks enables cities to better manage traffic, minimize congestion, and optimize vehicle flow. This improves traffic flow and reduces time spent in traffic, contributing to a better quality of life for citizens. In addition, automated vehicles are able to react more quickly to risky situations and cooperate with the infrastructure, thereby improving road safety and minimizing the risk of traffic accidents. Personalized transport solutions created based on data from automated vehicles provide individuals with the opportunity to use transport more efficiently and conveniently, contributing to a better travel experience and increasing overall mobility in the city. It is very difficult to find accurate statistics that would indicate the exact number of autonomous vehicles (level 5) within the cities of Barcelona and Singapore. This is mainly due to the fact that cars move dynamically in space and time and, therefore, do not stay in one place. Thus, it is practically impossible to accurately record the number of such vehicles. Another reason is individual legislation, which, for example, within the European Union significantly affects the possibility of driving with a fully autonomous vehicle. Therefore, in this article, authors mainly refer to official sources and studies, especially the statements of the representatives of these cities, since official data are not available. Within the available data, it can be stated that Barcelona at Level 3 AV Testing with permits takes place on selected roads. Commercial uses for the public are still limited. Within Barcelona at Level 4/5 AVs, technology testing and development are underway, but Barcelona is the center for testing autonomous vehicles. Within Singapore Level 3 AVs, 10 licenses have been granted to operate autonomous taxis in 2023. Pilot programs with autonomous buses and vans are underway.