# Low Profile Monopole Meander Line Antenna for WLAN Applications
## 1 Introduction
Printed monopole antennas are extensively utilised in numerous wireless communication devices because of the appealing features they offer, such as low cost, lightweight, compact size, and simplicity of operation with other systems [22]. Several numbers of antennas have been reported. A modified meander shape microstrip patch antenna with dimensions of 40 \(\times\) 10 \(\times\) 1.6 mm\({}^{3}\) has been introduced for Internet of Things (IoT) applications at 2.4 GHz in the ISM (Industrial, Scientific, and Medical) band [23]. A concept for a small, wideband printed monopole antenna for wireless applications around 2.45 GHz was proposed in ref. [24]. A quarter circle, a rectangular section, and a flipped ground plane with the same shape as the patch make up the antenna. The use of left-handed double negative metamaterial (DNG) in a microstrip patch antenna resonator at 2.4 GHz was investigated [25]. In ref. [26], an experimentally tested printed antenna with a compressed meandered shape with dual able to operate frequencies for 2.5/5 GHz applications is introduced. For 2.45 GHz ISM band on-body WBAN applications, the author [27] presented a low-profile portable fractal antenna made of vinyl polymer-based polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) material properly known as Rogers 5880. The conformal antenna was demonstrated as a novel metamaterial-inspired compact cylindrical conformal dual-band antenna with a shunt fractal inductor and bottom patch. The conformal antenna is made up of three meander line type unit cells of composite right-handed and left-handed metamaterials for modification and compactness [28]. The author of [29] proposed an electrically compressed antenna with three open-circuit series stubs as an impedance matching network. To match the impedance, it has two twin-spiral slot-line radiation surfaces and three open-circuited series stubs based on a CPW feed line. The author in ref. [30] illustrated how to build a compact wideband and dual-band antenna. Fork-shaped strips, a rectangular slot, and a defective ground plane enable the presented antenna to operate in both wideband and dual bands simultaneously time. The author in [31] introduced the compressed bowtie antenna through the use of the meander method for miniaturization reasons at 2.45 GHz for medical applications. Table 1 provides an overview of the different meander antennas that have been written about in the relevant research so that they can be compared to the design that has been suggested. In this paper, a compact monopole antenna using the meander line method at 2.4 GHz is introduced for WLAN applications. The proposed antenna consists of meandering lines in a horizontal shape with different lengths designed. It is clear that the proposed antenna provides a significant increase in bandwidth, gain, as well as efficiency, whereas compact size has also been achieved compared with the reported antenna in the literature. A detailed antenna design is discussed in the article, along with both simulated and measured results. A reasonable agreement can be observed between the simulated and measured results. The geometry of the proposed antenna will be explained in Section 2, followed by the working principle in Section 3. The simulated and measured results of the proposed antenna will be demonstrated in Section 4 prior to the concluding remarks.