# Enhancing 3D-Printed Clay Models for Heritage Restoration Through 3D Scanning
### 3D-Scanning  
3D scanning is gaining increasing importance in the field of cultural heritage, given the need for virtual records of buildings and for detecting surface wear and deterioration [7]. The maintenance and rehabilitation of heritage are associated with significant cultural, environmental, economic, and educational benefits. Laser scanning monitoring is an advanced technique that does not cause any damage to the structures [8]. It is an optimal tool for heritage digitization, offering a high level of precision in capturing intricate details of artefacts [9]. Compared to other techniques, such as photogrammetry, which is more suited to larger-scale projects, 3D scanning provides superior accuracy and control for smaller, complex objects [10]. This makes it particularly advantageous for applications where exact replication of fine details is crucial, such as in the restoration and conservation of cultural heritage pieces, ensuring both fidelity to the original and flexibility in digital manipulation [11].  
3D scanning collects precise digital data about the shape and appearance of real-world objects and environments, enabling the creation of detailed digital replicas [12], also known as digital twins [13,14]. These replicas have a wide range of applications across various sectors, from manufacturing and product design to cultural heritage [15,16].  
In the realm of cultural heritage, 3D scanning is used to create digital models of artefacts and historical structures, facilitating their preservation and accessibility [17]. Museums and historical sites employ this technology to create precise digital copies that can be used in virtual tours and interactive exhibitions, enriching the educational experience and allowing for detailed exploration without the risk of damaging the originals [18]. Additionally, these digital models serve as backups in the event of natural disasters, theft, or physical degradation [19]. This tool can rapidly and accurately reproduce real-world environments and specific geometries [20].  
There are various types of 3D scanners depending on the type of object or environment being scanned. The most common include:  
* Structured light scanners: These use a projector to emit a light pattern onto the object and a camera to capture the deformations of the pattern. They are ideal for medium-sized objects and offer high precision.
* Laser scanners: These use a laser to scan the surface of the object and capture three-dimensional data. They are precise and can scan large areas, but they are typically more expensive.  
Moreover, the recent introduction of portable and handheld 3D scanners has improved the versatility and efficiency of 3D scanning technology [21]. These devices are easy to transport and use in the field, allowing for their application in various settings and environments.  
Despite its numerous advantages, 3D scanning faces several challenges. One of the main challenges is the cost and complexity of the necessary equipment and software. Additionally, the accuracy and quality of the scan can be affected by factors such as the type of object, lighting conditions, and the environment. There are also privacy and security concerns, especially when scanning people, which require appropriate attention and measures [8].