esa-sceva/satcom-chunk-collection huggingface dataset:
## 2 Materials and Methods
### Synthesis  
Complex **Zn_p**. A solution of ZnCl\({}_{2}\) (0.292 g, 2.143 mmol) in 10 mL of MeOH was added dropwise to a solution of ligand 2,2',6',2''-terrypridine (0.500 g, 2.143 mmol) in 20 mL MeOH. During the addition of the Zn(II) salt, a pale-yellow precipitate formed. The reaction mixture was stirred for 2 h at r. t. Then, the yellowish precipitate was filtered off, washed with MeOH and dried under vacuum to yield 0.785 g (2.122 mmol, \(\eta\) = 99%) of the desired compound. FT-IR (KBr, cm\({}^{-1}\)): 1594-1448 (v\({}_{\text{C=C}}\), v\({}_{\text{C=N}}\)); \({}^{1}\)H-NMR (DMSO-d\({}_{6}\), \(\delta\)/ppm): 8.82 (overlapped peaks, 4H), 8.60 (overlapped peaks, 3H), 8.34 (t, \({}^{3}\)J = 7.8 Hz, 2H), 7.86 (t, \({}^{3}\)J = 6.4 Hz, 2H). Anal. Calcd. for C\({}_{15}\)H\({}_{11}\)Cl\({}_{2}\)N\({}_{3}\)Zn (369.56 g\(\cdot\)mol\({}^{-1}\)): C, 48.75; H, 3.00; N, 11.37. Found: C, 48.58; H, 3.06; N, 11.03%.  
Complex **Zn_tpy**. A solution of Ag(I) salt of 3,4,5-tridodecyloxybenzoate (0.698 g, 0.893 mmol) in 25 mL CHCl\({}_{3}\) was added dropwise to a suspension of **Zn_p** (0.150 g, 0.4054 mmol) in 40 mL of CHCl\({}_{3}\). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 6 h. After the removal of AgCl by filtration, the mother liquor was evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue was dissolved in Et\({}_{2}\)O and acetone was added. The precipitate formed was filtered out, and the pure product was obtained from the mother solution by repeated recrystallization from acetone and hexane/EtOH (0.315 g, \(\eta\) = 47%). FT-IR (KBr, cm\({}^{-1}\)): 2924 (vas,(-CH\({}_{2-}\))), 2854 (vs,(-CH\({}_{2-}\))), 1623 (vas,(COO\({}^{-}\))), 1567-1428 (v\({}_{\text{C=C}}\), v\({}_{\text{C=N}}\)) 1359 (vs(COO\({}^{-}\))); \({}^{1}\)H-NMR (CD\({}_{2}\)Cl\({}_{2}\), \(\delta\)/ppm): 8.87 (d, \({}^{3}\)J = 5.0 Hz, 2H), 8.20 (overlapped peaks, 5H), 7.96 (t, \({}^{3}\)J = 7.8 Hz, 2H), 7.49 (t, \({}^{3}\)J = 7.6 Hz, 4H), 7.09 (s, 2H), 3.83 (overlapped peaks, 12H), 1.77-1.26 (overlapped peaks, 120 H), 0.79 (t, \({}^{3}\)J = 6.8 Hz, 18H). Anal. Calcd. for C\({}_{101}\)H\({}_{165}\)N\({}_{3}\)O\({}_{10}\)Zn (1646.79 g\(\cdot\)mol\({}^{-1}\)): C, 73.66; H, 10.10; N, 2.55. Found: C, 73.46; H, 10.05; N, 2.64%. AAS: Zn% calcd.: 3.97, found: 3.91.
## 3 Discussion
### Logistics 4.0 between Opportunities and Risks  
We thought it is appropriate to report the most specific comments from the literature review concerning the various advantages and risks of Logistics 4.0:  
1. Among the most redundant ideas shared by more than several authors is that after the adoption of Industry 4.0 technologies by the current logistics process, the new purposes of resource planning; warehouse management systems, intelligent transport systems; and security information are reduced time to market, prevention of stockouts, increased return on investment, and the sustainability of operations [29; 55].
2. Another benefit is the reduction of physical workload when using programmable logic controllers in production processes and logistics operations [56].
3. A third benefit is the growth of customer satisfaction, thanks to two essential factors: better analysis of the implicit need, thanks to real-time information and analysis of data shared between all participants in the supply chain, and transparency of production and cost savings [57].
4. A fourth advantage is the possibility of capacity sharing between many companies [58].
5. A fifth benefit is renewable energy, resource efficiency, and waste reduction.
6. A sixth benefit is higher product quality and personalized products that entail increased customer loyalty.
7. A seventh benefit is that assistance systems will increase workplace safety for employees [30; 59].  
With each change or evolution, new opportunities appear in parallel with new threats; we have mentioned above some examples of the advantages that Logistics 4.0 brings, but the latter also recognizes disadvantages:  
1. As for the other side of the medallion, the risks incurred are numerous; the most serious will be those linked to cyberattacks on assembly lines connected to the Internet, which will lead to a halt in production processes.
2. Secondly, another challenge will concern incorrect data in blockchain portals, which will have a direct impact on the investment cost of implementing this technology.
3. According to ([PERSON] et al., 2020), security is always the first concern, followed by confidentiality and trust, important installation and implementation costs, lack of technical skills and roadmaps, lack of adequate infrastructure, the digital transformation of the legacy system, and resistance to change [60].
## 3 Discussion
### Carbohydrate and Energy Pathways  
The expression of the C4-specific pepcase can promote photosynthesis [21]. However, genes encoding pepcase (DN568937_c0_g1 and DN568937_c0_g2) in this study were significantly repressed at high concentrations of ammonium. Additionally, some genes encoding the light-harvesting complex (LHC) (DN561030_c5_g4) were also significantly downregulated (\(p<0.05\)) at high concentrations of ammonium, which were reported when facing other abiotic stresses [15; 38]. Previous studies also showed that ammonium could trigger leaf chlorosis while the AMOS1/EGY1 nitrogen-dependent response recruits the ABA signaling pathway to prevent leaves from chloroplast damage [12; 26]. The gene (DN553399_c0_g1) encoding alpha-amylase, which is one of the important enzymes for starch embolization under stress conditions [39], was significantly upregulated (\(p<0.05\)) at high concentrations of ammonium. Thus, degradation of starch might be accelerated to release more glucose and acetyl-CoA to facilitate carbohydrate metabolism and ammonium assimilation in _M. aquaticum_, as it was reported in other plant models [15; 16; 28; 39; 40].  
Furthermore, carbohydrate metabolism is also important for ammonium assimilation by providing organic acids and energy, which is indispensable in amino acid synthesis [16; 28; 41]. Genes encoding citrate synthase (DN544376_c2_g4 and DN570545_c7_g1) and isocitrate dehydrogenase (DN553834_c2_g1) was significantly upregulated (\(p<0.05\)) at high concentrations of ammonium. These enzyme functions are the key processes of the TCA cycle [28; 32], which regulates the energy and NAD(P)H in plant tissues and also supplies substrates for amino acid synthesis [41]. It was well studied that, when responding to high concentrations of the ammonium supply, a series of reactions, including ammonium-dependent enhancement of carbon input and respiration, would systematically occur to synthesize amino acids [11; 28; 41]. Thus, it was postulated that increased degradation of starch, along with the induction of the TCA cycle, could provide ammonium stressed cells with enough energy as well as many other substrates for amino acid synthesis in _M. aquaticum_.
# Three-Dimensional Theoretical Model for Soil Arching with Inclined Slip Surfaces
## 1 Introduction
Using the 3D theoretical model, the effects of buried depth ratio of loose area, length of loose area, soil parameters, and lateral earth pressure coefficient were investigated. Results from this study was in good agreement with the experimental results. Compared with the traditional two-dimensional solution, results from this study can more accurately analyze the soil-arching effect in 3D excavation cases.
# Experimental Study on Multi-Cell Counting Using an Inertial Microfluidic Device
## 3 Results and Discussion
### Counting of 15-\(\upmu\)m Microparticles in Normal Conditions (Ratio 1)  
Figure 8 depicts the counting efficiency for 15-\(\upmu\)m particles under the same normal conditions. A similar trend was observed where smaller channels and lower flow rates enhanced particle detection and counting efficiency.  
* Comparison between Microscopes: As in the case of the 8-\(\upmu\)m particles, the fluorescent microscope provided slightly higher counts due to its superior imaging capabilities, as shown in Figure 7. The inverted microscope, although slightly less efficient, remained effective at lower flow rates. For both the 8 \(\upmu\)m and 15 \(\upmu\)m particles, the fluorescent microscope consistently yielded slightly higher particle counts. This was due to its superior contrast and sensitivity to particles, which improved edge detection during  
Figure 8: Channel size vs. 15-\(\upmu\)m count (cells/mL) at different flow rates in Ratio 1. (**a**) Under observation of Bioimager fluorescent microscope. (**b**) Inverted microscope.  
Figure 7: Comparative microscopic images of microparticles observed under the two imaging techniques.  
image processing. In contrast, the inverted microscope produced slightly lower count values, resulting in fewer detected particles.  
At higher flow rates (15 \(\upmu\)L/min), the performance difference between the two microscopes diminished, especially in larger channel sizes. This finding suggests that at high flow rates, expensive fluorescent microscopy may not be necessary, as standard inverted microscopy performed comparably.
###### Abstract  
The extraction of mineral resources from mines plays a vital role in global socio-economic development. However, acid mine drainage (AMD) has been one of the major pollutants, and a vast area of the agricultural fields has been polluted. Therefore, techniques for monitoring the response of plants to AMD that arise during mineral extraction are necessary. In addition, such a technique becomes especially valuable to understand how the plants could play a role in the phytoremediation of AMD. We propose the use of biospeckle Optical Coherence Tomography (bOCT) to investigate the response of Kaiware daikon seeds under the exposure to simulated AMD at two different concentrations of 40 mL/L and 80 mL/L. OCT images of the Kaiware daikon seed were obtained at a speed of 10 frames per second (1 frame: 512 \(\times\) 2048 pixels) for a few tens of seconds. For each pixel of the OCT structural images, the contrast across the temporal axis was calculated to give biospeckle contrast OCT images (bOCT images). It was found that bOCT images clearly distinguished the changes due to 40 mL/L and 80 mL/L of AMD treatments from the control within a short time of around an hour, compared to the conventional OCT images that failed to show any changes. This variation was found to be statistically significant and could reflect the internal activity of the seeds. The proposed bOCT method could be a rapid, non-invasive technique for screening suitable plants in AMD phytoremediation applications.  
biological activities; biospeckle; OCT; acid mine drainage; remediation Article
## 4 Technologies and Devices
### RaspBerry-Pi  
The role of the Coordinator Lamp Post is to integrate the computing part of the system. For this aim, the Raspberry-Pi card (or Pi following) has been adopted which ensures high computing power and interconnectivity with other devices such as the WiMAX modern [24-27].  
Raspberry-Pi is a low-cost (\(\approx\)25 ) basic computer contained on a credit-card size circuit board and featuring ports for HDMI, USB 2.0, composite video, analog audio, power, Internet and SD card. The computer runs entirely on open-source software and is able to run several applications such as: spreadsheets, word-processing, games, and high-definition video playback.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline  & **ZIGBEE** & **WI-FI** & **BLUETOOTH** \\ \hline IEEE standard & 802.15.04 & 802.11b/g & 802.15.01 \\ Main application & Control & Broadband & Mobile devices \\ Number of network & & & \\ devices & Up to 65,000 & 32 & 7 \\ Bit rate & 20–250 kb/s & 11/54 Mb/s & 720 kb/s \\ Range & 100 m & 100 m & 10 m \\ Battery life & 100–1000 days & 1–5 days & 1–7 days \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 1: ZigBee _vs._ some other wireless network.  
Other devices, as ARDUINO [28] or Beaglebone [29] could be used; Table 2 shows some principal characteristics of these devices. As usual, choosing which board you want depends on the type of intended project, and one's programming experience. If one wants to create a hardware project then the Arduino is by far the best choice. The analog inputs and PWM outputs add a whole spectrum of compatibility the Pi cannot provide natively. In addition, the large about of I/O pins let one connect multiple sensors and feedback components. The Arduino however is not as powerful as the Pi, so it has no proper audio, video or internet out-of-the-box (you can however add basic functionality for this). The Arduino can send data to a PC or Pi, over serial connections, and one can then create a program to read this data and do something useful.  
If one wants to create a software project then the Pi and the Beaglebone are the way to go. The audio, video and internet capabilities make them the winners in this aspect. There is no need to attach external components, so there is no real need to learn electronics and they have the possibility to easily drive both 3G modems and WiMAX ones. Among them, the lower power consumption and lowest cost favor the RaspBerry-Pi, making it the best candidate for SC applications.  
The Raspberry is the hub of the system since it allows the visualization of the status of the entire lighting system. It is connected to the local monitoring station _via_ the ZigBee network to manage the different lamp posts. Furthermore, it is able to receive information from the secondary lamp posts and from the presence sensor cards allowing monitoring the isle. Together, the Raspberry and the local monitoring station realize the Coordinator Lamp Post base control station, which receives information about the status of the lamp posts.
## 2 Related Work
### Energy Efficiency and Energy Management with the RL Technique  
RL has also gained attention in optimizing energy efficiency and energy management in different network environments. The study in [34] addressed the complex challenge of optimizing energy-efficient resource allocation in cognitive radio (CR) networks while maintaining QoS, using model-free RL methods including Q-learning and state-action-reward-state-action (SARSA) with a cooperative framework. In [35], the authors discussed optimizing energy management and time scheduling in the context of radio-frequency-powered CR networks, to improve long-term secondary throughput using a deep deterministic policy gradient (DDPG) approach. The authors in [36] presented a DRL-based framework for optimizing energy efficiency in reconfigurable-intelligent-surface-(RIS)-assisted cellular networks, addressing the joint optimization of base station transmitting power and RIS configuration. An energy-preserving MAC protocol for wireless sensor networks based on Q-learning was presented in [37], optimizing MAC parameters adaptively, to extend network lifetime and reduce energy consumption. The study in [38] introduced a DRL approach for optimizing UAV trajectory planning in wireless sensor networks, focusing on energy consumption minimization during data collection.  
In the abovementioned UAV deployment studies, the primary objective was to optimize the horizontal location and altitude of UAVs, while the concept of ellipsoidal movement for UAVs remained unexplored. To address this gap, our research explores the potential of UAVs to dynamically adjust their trajectories in ellipsoidal paths, thereby en hancing the connection between MDs and UAVs. Each MD may have multiple tasks rather than just one because of the variance in task offloading request rates. Furthermore, we have developed a multi-objective framework aimed at minimizing the weighted sum of total transmission latency and energy consumption that differs from a single-objective perspective. We use user positions taken from the Geolife trajectory dataset rather than random user placements. This method offers precise location data, which enhances the optimization of ellipsoidal trajectories for UAVs, bringing them closer to real-world scenarios.
## 2 Related Work
### Man-In-The-Middle Attacks for VANET
studied the data falsification attack in VANET where the MITM attacker propagates false information throughout the network [31]. The authors recommended the use of hash and contention window to avoid spreading the false information throughout the network. However, this study only focused on one aspect of MITM attacker. Further, [PERSON] et al. identified various message forging attacks in VANET [32]. Moreover, the authors modeled and equipped the attacker along the RSU with message forging capability and studied its effect on the network. The main drawback of this study is that the attacker is always stationary which is not realistic in real VANET environment. On the other hand, [PERSON] et al. studied different position forging attacks in VANET with the focus on creation of illusion of non-existent event in the network [33]. The authors studied the impact of position forging attacks based on the vehicle speed, channel utilization and total collisions in the network. Further, a solution was proposed by the authors which utilizes RSU to identify attackers performing position forging attacks. However, there are two drawbacks of this study. First, the solution relies on RSU which may not be present in every scenario in VANET, and secondly, the authors did not mention about the distribution pattern of the attacker nodes in the network. To sum up, MITM attacks are severe in VANET and there is no direct study, which provides a detailed comparison of different types of MITM attacks. We fill this gap by proposing a simulation-based study, where we have implemented and evaluated three different types of MITM attacks in VANET. Table 1 provides a high-level qualitative comparison of different studies on MITM attacks in VANET.
# Buckling Analysis of CNTRC Curved Sandwich Nanobeams in Thermal Environment
## 2 Theoretical Formulation
### Kinematic Field  
In the present work, a quasi-3D higher-order-shear deformation theory (HSDT) is used to define the governing equations for the buckling problem of CNTRC curved sandwich beams, whose displacements components are expressed in terms of the midline displacements and cross-section rotations as  
\[\begin{array}{l}u(x,z,t)=\big{(}1+\frac{z}{R}\big{)}u_{0}\ -\ z\frac{\partial u_{0}}{ \partial x}+\ \Phi(z)\varphi_{x}\\ w(x,z,t)=w_{0}\ +\ \Phi(z)^{2}\varphi_{z}\end{array} \tag{10}\]  
A novel hyperbolic shape function \(\Phi(z)\) is proposed herein to determine the distribution of the transverse shear strain and stress field along the thickness direction, namely  
\[\Phi(z)=\frac{h\bigg{(}\pi\cos\ln\big{(}\frac{\pi}{2}\big{)}\tan\ln\big{(} \frac{z}{R}\big{)}\ -\ \sinh\big{(}\frac{\pi z}{R}\big{)}\bigg{(}1\ -\ \tan\ln\Big{(}\frac{1}{2}\Big{)}^{2}\bigg{)}\bigg{)}}{\pi \bigg{(}\tan\ln\Big{(}\frac{1}{2}\Big{)}^{2}+\ \cos\ln\big{(}\frac{\pi}{2}\big{)}\ -\ 1\bigg{)}} \tag{11}\]  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \(\Psi_{cnt}^{k}\) & \(\eta_{1}\) & \(\eta_{2}\) & \(\eta_{3}\) \\ \hline
0.12 & 0.137 & 1.022 & 0.715 \\ \hline
0.17 & 0.142 & 1.626 & 1.138 \\ \hline
0.28 & 0.141 & 1.585 & 1.109 \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 1: CNT efficiency parameters.  
Based on a quasi-3D theory, the strain fields of the curved sandwich beam have the following form:  
\[\begin{array}{c}\varepsilon_{xx}=\left[\frac{\partial u}{\partial x}+\frac{w}{R} \right]=\frac{\partial u_{0}}{\partial x}\ -\ z\frac{\partial^{2}w_{0}}{\partial x^{2}}+\ \Phi(z)\frac{\partial\varphi_{x}}{ \partial x}+\frac{w_{0}}{R}+\ \Phi(z)^{\prime}\frac{\varphi_{z}}{R}\\ \varepsilon_{zz}=\left[\frac{\partial w}{\partial x}\right]=\Phi(z)^{\prime \prime}\varphi_{z}\\ \gamma_{xz}=\left[\frac{\partial u}{\partial x}+\frac{\partial w}{\partial x} -\ \frac{w_{0}}{R}\right]=\Phi(z)^{\prime}\Big{(}\partial\varphi_{x}+\frac{ \partial\varphi_{z}}{\partial x}\Big{)}\end{array} \tag{12}\]
## 5 Discussion
### Challenges in Real-World Implementation  
Implementing this automated system in real-world traffic scenarios presents several challenges that underscore the gap between the current capabilities and the potential for full autonomy. Due to current technological and regulatory constraints, the system cannot yet replace human intervention in determining liability in traffic accidents. Instead, its application is currently best suited for supportive roles that complement human decision-makers.  
At the current stage, the system can effectively assist traffic authorities by providing initial assessments of accident scenarios, helping to prioritize cases or guide further investigations. This not only streamlines the process but also enables human officers to concentrate on more complex cases requiring nuanced judgment. Furthermore, a feedback mechanism could be integrated, permitting parties involved in an accident to request a human review if dissatisfied with the automated determination. This approach ensures that, while the system provides a preliminary analysis, ultimate accountability and decision-making remain with human authorities, thereby maintaining trust and accuracy.  
The system could also be advantageous in legal settings by offering magistrates and judges with comprehensive, data-driven insights to support their rulings on accident liability cases. This could reduce court time by providing clear, objective data about the incident.  
Moreover, the performance of such automated systems is highly dependent on the diversity and quality of the training data utilized. The system must be trained on a broad range of scenarios encompassing different weather conditions, times of day, and traffic densities to ensure robustness and reliability. The variability in environmental conditions and the complexity of real-world traffic scenarios present challenges in capturing all possible variables within training datasets.  
Until technological and regulatory frameworks advance to enable greater autonomy and reliability for these systems, their implementation should be approached with careful consideration of their supportive role in human-led processes.