## 1 Introduction
[PERSON] [35] used the Naiver-Stokes equation and the k-\(\varepsilon\) turbulence model to numerically simulate and calculate the aerodynamic characteristics of high-speed trains on flat ground, bridges, cuttings and embankments, and obtained the aerodynamic load of high-speed trains in this driving environment. [PERSON] [36] established a train aerodynamic model to study the aerodynamic characteristics of high-speed trains under the action of two different lateral winds: average wind and index wind. [PERSON] [37] used hybrid LES/APE method to simulate the unsteady flow field and the near-field aerodynamic noise of a 1/25 scale eight-coach high-speed train in long tunnel to study the changes in sound pressure in different cases, including tunnel with fully reflective walls and tunnel with fully absorptive walls and open air. [PERSON] et al. [38] used various turbulence modeling approaches including ELES, SAS, URANS and RANS to predict the aerodynamic flow around a double-stacked freight wagon. [PERSON] [39] used computational fluid dynamics to investigate the effect of the relative motion between train and infrastructure scenario. However, the windshield material, structure and connection are complex, which not only makes it difficult to model accurately, but also increases the number of modeling degrees of freedom. In addition, the calculation time and efficiency of this method are low, so it is difficult to apply it well to the dynamic response and fluid-structure interaction analysis of windshield system, and it is also difficult to apply it to the optimization design or selection stage. In summary, it is difficult to analyze the flow-induced vibration characteristics of the windshield system quickly and accurately according to the existing research methods. The windshield structure in this paper is modeled by mode superposition method based on the results of modal test, which is different from the previous works based on finite element simulations. On the one hand, the current experiment-based model can represent the dynamic characteristics of the windshield structure accurately without the need for cumbersome and complicated structural modeling processes. On the other hand, by using the mode superposition method, the computational efficiency of flow-induced vibration simulation is greatly increased. At the same time, due to the application of the mode superposition method, the aerodynamic loads under different operating conditions can be mapped to the structural nodes easily. In general, this method provides an efficient and reliable tool for the simulation of flow-induced vibration of complex flexible structures. In this paper, a method is proposed to establish a flow-induced vibration simulation model of windshield structure based on modal superposition method and then analyze the flow-induced vibration characteristics of windshield structure by using aerodynamic simulation data combined with structural modal test data as input, and the specific principle is shown in Figure 1.  
The rest of this paper is organized as follows: Section 2 introduces the aerodynamic simulation analysis and surface aerodynamic load extraction of U-section rubber windshield. In Section 3, the modal experiment of U-section rubber outer windshield structure and the analysis of the results are briefly summarized. In Section 4, the flow-induced vibration hybrid simulation method of U-section rubber outer windshield is introduced in detail. In Section 5, based on the simulation method proposed in this paper, the dynamic response of U-section rubber windshield was analyzed. Combined with the natural frequency of the outer windshield, the vibration mechanism and vibration characteristics of the outer windshield are summarized and discussed. Finally, Section 6 summarizes this research.