## 2 Materials and Methods
### Preparation of Nanocoated Fabric  
Nanoparticle-coated pull-out sample specifications for this study are presented in Table 2. Nano pull-out sample preparations steps are shown in Figure 2.  
As exhibited in Table 2 and Figure 2, nano pull-out samples were identified as control p-aramid fabric (KPO), nano boron carbide p-aramid fabric (BPO), multiwall carbon nanotube p-aramid fabric (MPO), and graphene nanoplatelet p-aramid fabric (GPO). In the first step, moisture in the para-aramid fabric (size 120 mm \(\times\) 300 mm, width and length, respectively) was removed by heat treatment at 60\({}^{\circ}\) for 60 min under a heat rate of 15\({}^{\circ}\)/min in order to enhance the nanocoating between filaments in the fabric surface and nanoparticles. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Fiber** & **Fiber diameter** & **Fiber density** & **Tensile strength** & **Tensile modulus** & **Elongation at break** & **Melting temperature** \\  & **(\(\mu\))** & **(g/cm\({}^{3}\))** & **(MPa)** & **(GPa)** & **(\%)** & **(\%)** \\ \hline Para-aramid (Twaron & & & & & & \\ CT, Teijin, Japan) & 12 & 1.45 & 3200 & 115 & 2.9 & 450 \\ \hline
**Fabric** & **Weave type** & **Fabric treatment** & **Yarn linear density** & **Fabric density** & **Fabric area** & **Yarn ramp** & **Fabric thickness** \\  & & **treatment** & **(tex)** & **(per 10 cm)** & **weight (gm\({}^{-2}\))** & **(\%)** & **(mm)** \\  & & & & & & 5.80 & \\ Twaron CT\({}^{\oplus}\) 747 & Plain (1/1) & Water repellent & 336 (warp) & 62.50 (warp) & 410 & (warp) & 0.62 \\  & & & & & & 5.90 & \\  & & & & & & (wref) & \\ \hline
**Nanomaterials** & **Particle dimensions** & & & & & \\ **(diameter \(\times\) length \(\times\) thickness)** & **Molecular weight** & **Surface area (g/mol)** & **Purity (\%)** & **Density (g/cm\({}^{3}\))** & **Tensile strength (GPa)** & **Tensile modulus (TPa)** & **Melting temperature** (\({}^{\circ}\)C) \\  & **(nm \(\times\) micron \(\times\) mm)** & & & & & \\ \hline rh-B\({}_{4}\)C & & & & & & \\ (Nanografi Inc., Ankara, Turkey) & & & & & & \\ MWCNTs & & & & & & \\ (Nanothix, Patras, Greece) & & & & & & \\ GNPs & & & & & & \\ (Sigma Aldrich, Lansing, MI, USA) & & & & & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Specifications of fiber [55], fabric, and nanomaterials [51; 52; 56; 53; 54] used in nanocoated structures. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Sample Code** & **Structures** & **Number of Layer** & **Nano Material and Ratio (\%)** \\ \hline KPO & Uncoated para-aramid fabric & 1 & - \\ BPO & Nano B\({}_{4}\)C-coated para-aramid & 1 & Nano-hexagonal boron carbide \\  & fabric & & (nh-B\({}_{4}\)C, 0.3\%) \\ MPO & MWCNT-coated para-aramid & 1 & Multiwalled carbon nanotubes \\  & fabric & & (MWCNTs, 0.3\%) \\ GPO & GNP-coated para-aramid fabric & 1 & Graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs, 0.3\%) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Specifications of developed nanocoated p-aramid structures for pull-out test. The nano B\({}_{4}\)C (0.3% wt.) was weighted and poured in ethanol (250 mL). The solution was subjected to magnetic stirring at 350 rpm for 30 min to mitigate the potential for premature agglomeration. Subsequently, the mixture underwent ultrasonic treatment in a bath set to 25 \({}^{\circ}\)C for 60 min to facilitate the uniform dispersion of nanotubes within the ethanol medium. Next, the p-aramid fabric was immersed into the nano B\({}_{4}\)C solution and was again stirred in an ultrasonic bath at 25 \({}^{\circ}\)C for 120 min. They were put in a closed container at atmospheric conditions for 120 min to interact the B\({}_{4}\)C particles in the fabric surface. The fabric was removed from the nano B\({}_{4}\)C solution and placed under the press at 2 bar at 65 \({}^{\circ}\)C for 30 min. Then, it was again immersed in the solution in a container for 2 min. This process was repeated three times in order to accumulate the nanoparticles in filaments over the fabric surface and thus it may improve mechanical interlocking between nanoparticles and filamentary bundles.