# Light It Up: Boarding for Automated Low-Capacity Shuttles through Ambient Visual Cues
## 5 Results  
### Qualitative Results  
All interviews were transcribed, transferred to Microsoft Excel Version 16 (2019), and grouped per question [38]. Subsequently, the answers were separated into individual statements regarding booking and boarding. After that, similar statements were grouped together by coding statements [39]. This task was completed by one researcher; unclear statements to code were discussed with other team-members. Responses were analysed to gather additional information regarding needs during the booking and boarding of an automated shuttle, as well as the usability and user experience of the two interfaces used. The following points can be summarised from the interview responses. General usage issues: The booking interface was described as being easy to use (20 out of 27 participants) and well designed (11 out of 27 participants). The presentation of information in the app was very clear (five out of twenty-seven), tidy (four out of twenty-seven), straightforward (three out of twenty-seven), and fast (three out of twenty-seven). Some participants (four out of twenty-seven) mentioned that they needed one round to familiarise themselves with the app. The QR code on the ticket was characterised as being helpful (two out of twenty-seven). The fact that a seat was colour-coded was perceived by three participants as better than using no colour. The distinction between assigning a seat and selecting a seat function was stated as good (two out of twenty-seven) but caused some confusion for some participants (two out of twenty-seven) because it was not clear to them what the difference was. The boarding interface was also described as good (ten out of twenty-seven) and easy to use (six out of twenty-seven). Twenty out of twenty-seven participants found the light (whether static or flashing) to be supportive. Three out of twenty-seven participants mentioned that, without light, it was more irritating to find a seat than with lights. Twelve participants favoured the animated light, but eight participants were annoyed by them. Nine participants found the static light better, as it had a more calming effect (three out of twenty-seven). The colour-coding (in the app and during boarding) was thought to be useful for this bus (three out of twenty-seven) but could be confusing if several people boarded at the same time (two out of twenty-seven). Other participants indicated that the lights helped minimally but the app (illustration of the seat) or reading the letters (in the bus) was the factor that was most helpful (five out of twenty-seven). It was also mentioned that it could be supportive for elderly passengers or supportive for people with other visual impairments. Ability to book and board a shuttle: All participants indicated that they felt able to use and automated shuttle with the presented booking and boarding system. Mentioned problems that could occur were being tied to a ticket or fearing that it would expire and that it is difficult to use for people without smartphones, internet, or mobile data. Usability: A total of 23 people found the booking system user-friendly and 25 participants found the boarding interface user-friendly. Most of the participants stated that the system was very simple. Regarding the booking interface, participants stated that it was comparable to other booking systems. They mentioned that it is fast and that the information in the system is clearly presented. Two participants noted that it was a bit like learning by doing. One person said that it was easy to use because it lacked the difficult part of such applications, which is the payment. One subject stated that the seat selection part felt unfamiliar because it was not similar to other booking applications. Comments on the boarding interface were that the lighting was helpful (four out of twenty-seven). _\"The QR scanner is an important component, it should be upgraded and more attention should be paid to it, because it is easy to miss\"_. One participant mentioned that the animated light was a bit confusing.