## 1 Introduction  
Non-target mosquito predators, including spiders and wasps, are often harmed by neurotoxic pesticides [1]. Orchards where conventional insecticides are used have far lower spider populations and species counts than unsprayed orchards [2]. Spiders with bodies larger than mosquitoes are not killed by ultra-low volume (ULV) spraying of insecticides such as permethrin [3]. However, studies such as these sometimes conflate survival with lack of harm, and they have not examined effects on small-bodied spiders, which do capture mosquitoes. Spiders exposed to sublethal pesticides change their behavior in ways that reduce prey capture. For instance, sublethal pyrethroid spray residues lower activity rates of spiders, even when the spiders contacted the pyrethroids on foliage 20 days after application [4]. Following nonlethal exposure to Spinosad, an acetylcholine disrupter, the orb-weaving spider _Agalatene radii_ showed irregularities in web design and lower prey capture activity [5]. An increase in spider migration was found within a large plantation where sublethal amounts of organophosphate pesticides were sprayed around its borders, suggesting spiders sense and actively avoid areas with some insecticide treatments [6]. Spider webs are particularly effective at capturing insecticide sprays, retaining an order of magnitude higher concentration than an equivalent area of paper [7]. Orb-weaving spiders recycle their webs daily, ingesting the spiral silk strands while leaving some of the radial structural strands intact as a scaffold for rebuilding [8; 9; 10; 11]. By consuming the web, orb-weaving spiders ingest higher amounts of sprayed pesticides than would contact their bodies and legs. Arneidae typically construct orb webs in a vertical plane,whereas Tetragnathidae typically construct webs in the horizontal plane [12]. Horizontal webs should intercept more insecticide droplets following a spray application, making tetragnathids particularly vulnerable. Following aerial insecticide application in New Orleans, yellow fever mosquitoes (_Aedes aegypti_) rebounded faster than the population model predicted [13]. The authors attributed this rapid increase to release from larval competition, a phenomenon well-documented in the literature [14; 15; 16]. However, the data presented in that study show that the rebound occurred within the 3-day non-feeding window prior to enclosure, a period when there can be no competition for food. A similar effect could be seen in Miami's _Ae. aegypti_ populations during the Zika outbreak of 2017. Adult _Ae. aegypti_ in Miami's Wynwood neighborhood were virtually eliminated by aerial spraying on two occasions, only to rebound to pre-spray levels in just three days [17]. In both studies, populations leveled off after rebounding. Release from larval competition does not fit the timing window for the rapid rebound observed following aerial spraying of adulticides, but temporary release from predation might allow such a rebound to occur. Off-target effects of insecticides on mosquito predators such as spiders, even non-lethal effects, might allow greater survival of adult mosquitos during the rebound period. [PERSON]'s orchard orbweaver spider (_Leucauge argyrobapta_, Tetragnathidae) is found in Florida, throughout the Caribbean, and from Mexico to Brazil, with congeners common throughout the North American continent [18]. In South Florida, _L. argyrobapta_ is abundant in treed areas and around residences, constructing webs in vegetation, eaves of houses, porches, and patio furnishings. Both juvenile and adult _L. argyrobapta_ are capable of subduing mosquitoes. _L. argyrobapta_ produces viscous horizontal orb webs, and recycles sticky spiral capture threads nightly, as is typical of tetragnathid orb-weavers [12; 19]. We explored the effects of sprayed permethrin, absorbed through web contact and web recycling, on the abilities of adult _L. argyrobapta_ to repair their webs and capture live adult mosquitoes.