## 5 Analysis and Findings
### General Quantitative Investigation  
After the data preparation phase, we had 645 responses. As shown in Table 9, the distribution of gender among the participants was as follows: Female (52.25%), Male (47.75%). The respondents' age ranges were distributed as follows: 25-34 (29.77%), 35-44 (22.64%), 20-24 (21.71%), 45-54 (16.43%), and 55 and above (9.46%). Most respondents held a Bachelor's degree (61.09%), followed by a Diploma (20.62%) and a Master's or higher (18.29%). The participants were from various cities, with the highest representation from Riyadh (31.16%), followed by Jeddah (18.45%), Madinah (11.63%), Makkah (10.85%), Yonbu (10.39%), Dammam (8.84%), and Alahsa (8.68%). In terms of the years the organizations were established, the responses were: More than 8 years (39.84%), 6-8 years (30.23%), 3-5 years (19.38%), and Less than 3 years (10.54%). The distribution of job roles among the participants was as follows: Manager (27.75%), Supervisor (25.12%), Operations Staff (25.12%), and Logistics Officer/Executive (22.02%). The years of experience in logistics were distributed as follows: 1-5 years (42.02%), 6-10 years (29.77%), 11-15 years (20.0%), and More than 15 years (8.22%). This quantitative investigation provides a comprehensive overview of the demographics and characteristics of the survey respondents.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l l l} \hline \hline
**Characteristic** & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Number of Respondents**} & **Percentage** \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Gender} & Female & 337 & 52.25\% \\ \cline{2-4}  & Male & 308 & 47.75\% \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Age Range} & 25–34 & 192 & 29.77\% \\ \cline{2-4}  & 35–44 & 146 & 22.64\% \\ \cline{2-4}  & 20–24 & 140 & 21.71\% \\ \cline{2-4}  & 45–54 & 106 & 16.43\% \\ \cline{2-4}  & 55 and above & 61 & 9.46\% \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Education Level} & Bachelor’s & 394 & 61.09\% \\ \cline{2-4}  & Diploma & 133 & 20.62\% \\ \cline{2-4}  & Master’s or higher & 118 & 18.29\% \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Current City} & Riyadh & 201 & 31.16\% \\ \cline{2-4}  & Jeddah & 119 & 18.45\% \\ \cline{2-4}  & Madinah & 75 & 11.63\% \\ \cline{2-4}  & Makkah & 70 & 10.85\% \\ \cline{2-4}  & Yonbu & 67 & 10.39\% \\ \cline{2-4}  & Dammam & 57 & 8.84\% \\ \cline{2-4}  & Alahsa & 56 & 8.68\% \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Years Organization Established} & More than 8 years & 257 & 39.84\% \\ \cline{2-4}  & 6–8 years & 195 & 30.23\% \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{2-4}  & 3–5 years & 125 & 19.38\% \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{2-4}  & Less than 3 years & 68 & 10.54\% \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 9: The profiles of survey respondents (\(n=645\)).  
The distribution of type of logistics services among the participants was as follows: Third-party logistics (3 PL) (35.81%), Supply chain management (33.64%), Freight transportation (17.44%), Warehousing and distribution (13.11%). The company size (number of employees) was distributed as follows: Less than 50 (38.6%), 501-1000 (36.12%), and 50-100 (25.27%). The annual revenue of the participants' companies was as follows: Less than USD 1 million (42.48%), USD 1 million-USD 5 million (31.63%), More than USD 5 million (25.89%). The geographical coverage of operations was distributed as follows: Regional (43.88%), National (35.97%), and International (20.15%). Regarding the implementation of green logistics practices, 62.48% of the participants indicated that their companies do implement such practices, while 37.52% indicated otherwise. The green logistics practices adopted were diverse, with the most common being waste reduction and recycling (21.55%), use of alternative fuels (20.47%), carbon footprint measurement and reduction (19.38%), efficient route planning (18.29%), vehicle electrification (10.85%), and collaboration with eco-friendly suppliers (9.46%). The challenges in adopting green logistics among the participants were as follows: not applicable (28.53%), supply chain complexity (15.35%), lack of stakeholder support (15.19%), regulatory compliance issues (14.73%), lack of information (13.8%), budget constraints (12.4%).