## 3 Results and Discussion
### Microstructural Characterization
#### 3.4.2 Scanning Electron Microscopy  
The texture parameters were studied, such as the second moment (ASM), contrast, correlation, inverse difference moment (IDM), entropy and fractal dimension through Shilling Differencial Box Counting (SDBC) to the gray level (Table 2). Figure 5 shows the microstructure of the lignocellulosic material surface from the fruit and leaves of _B. hemisphareica_ Lam. with an environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM). In the FB sample, lignocellulosic material from the bagasse of the fruit prior to the organosolv process was observed. The amorphous material is associated with hemicellulose and pectin present in the tissues of the xylem and phloem of the parenchyma. \begin{table} \begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline
**Sample** & **ASM** & **Contrast** & **Correlation** & **IDM** & **Entropy** & **SDBC** \\ \hline FB & \(2.28\times 10^{-4}\pm 4.24\times 10^{-54}\) & 328.74 \(\pm\) 48.83 \({}^{*}\) & \(9.15\times 10^{-4}\pm 7.80\times 10^{-54}\) & \(8.47\times 10^{-2}\pm 7.40\times 10^{-34}\) & \(8.77\pm 0.15\)\({}^{*}\) & \(2.67\pm 0.16\)\({}^{*}\) \\ FRO & \(2.24\times 10^{-4}\pm 1.45\times 10^{-4}\) & 351.26 \(\pm\) 108.70 \({}^{*}\) & \(9.23\times 10^{-4}\times 5.98\times 10^{-4}\) & \(8.07\times 10^{-2}\pm 1.33\times 10^{-2}\) & \(8.90\pm 0.50\)\({}^{*}\) & \(2.64\pm 0.13\)\({}^{*}\) \\ LB & \(3.61\times 10^{-4}\pm 6.67\times 10^{-54}\) & 180.15 \(\pm\) 28.70 \({}^{*}\) & \(9.40\times 10^{-4}\times 7.69\times 10^{-54}\) & \(1.33\times 10^{-1}\pm 9.69\times 10^{-34}\) & \(8.42\pm 0.11\)\({}^{\
atural}\) & \(2.65\pm 0.04\)\({}^{*}\) \\ LBO & \(6.32\times 10^{-4}\pm 2.39\times 10^{-4}\) & 115.68 \(\pm\) 39.93 \({}^{*}\) & \(4.32\times 10^{-4}\times 5.99\times 10^{-54}\) & \(1.78\times 10^{-1}\pm 1.74\times 10^{-26}\) & \(8.17\pm 0.34\)\({}^{*}\) & \(2.27\pm 0.09\)\({}^{\
atural}\) \\ \hline \end{tabular} 
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline
**Sample** & **ASM** & **Contrast** & **Correlation** & **IDM** & **Entropy** & **SDBC** \\ \hline FB & \(2.28\times 10^{-4}\pm 4.24\times 10^{-54}\) & 328.74 \(\pm\) 48.83 \({}^{*}\) & \(9.15\times 10^{-4}\pm 7.80\times 10^{-54}\) & \(8.47\times 10^{-2}\pm 7.40\times 10^{-34}\) & \(8.77\pm 0.15\)\({}^{*}\) & \(2.67\pm 0.16\)\({}^{*}\) \\ FRO & \(2.24\times 10^{-4}\pm 1.45\times 10^{-4}\) & 351.26 \(\pm\) 108.70 \({}^{*}\) & \(9.23\times 10^{-4}\times 5.98\times 10^{-14}\) & \(8.07\times 10^{-2}\pm 1.33\times 10^{-2}\) & \(8.90\pm 0.50\)\({}^{*}\) & \(2.64\pm 0.13\)\({}^{*}\) \\ LB & \(3.61\times 10^{-4}\pm 6.67\times 10^{-54}\) & 180.15 \(\pm\) 28.70 \({}^{*}\) & \(9. Figure 5: Micrographs by ESEM of a longitudinal section and analysis of texture on 3D surface graphs of fractal dimension of leaf and fruit bagasse fibers before and after organosolv. FB = fruit bagasse fiber before organosolv; FBO = fruit bagasse fiber after organosolv; LB = leaf bagasse fiber before organosolv; LB = leaf bagasse fiber after organosolv. The scale bar indicates 20 \(\mu\)m.  
Additionally, the presence of packages of calcium oxalate crystals in the form of raffidia has already been reported in several plants of the Bromeliaceae family [51], whose function is to neutralize oxalic acid, which is reintroduced into the metabolism of the plant. Otherwise, after the organosolv process in the fruit bagasse (FBO), all the lignocellulosic material from the bagasse of the fruit disappeared. The presence of amorphous material related to the hydrolysis of thermolabie components such as pectin and hemicellulose disappeared while the fibrillar structure remained intact. These changes suffered in the microstructure of the fruit after the process were reflected in the image entropy, where the FBO had a higher image entropy (8.9) than the LBO (8.17) (Table 2). The morphometric changes are in Figure 5, where 3D charts represent the images obtained from SEM. It was reported that for the 3D figures, the areas with white tones indicate pores or empty cavities in the internal structure of the system and darker tones are related to more compact structures [52].