# A Cross-Medium Uplink Communication Model Merging Acoustic and Millimeter Waves
###### Abstract  
Uplink communication across the water-air interface holds great potential for offshore oil surveys and military applications. Among the various methods available for implementing uplink communication, translational acoustic-RF (TARF) communication stands out due to its ability to withstand wave interference and exhibit low absorption losses. However, the physical processes underlying such systems are currently under-researched, and channel models for evaluating its communication performance indicators are lacking. Herein, we propose a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) channel model for evaluating the performance metrics of an uplink communication system combining acoustic and millimeter waves for the first time and validate the accuracy of the proposed model through experiments. Specifically, in the process of model construction, the physical process of the communication system was deeply studied, and the corrections of multipath effects, box vibrations, and second-order nonlinear coefficients of the amplitude of the water surface were realized. The water-to-air cross-medium communication system was built, and communication experiments were conducted to validate the feasibility of combining acoustic and millimeter wave communication. This research provides a theoretical and experimental foundation for the design and evaluation of TARF communication systems, providing valuable guidance for enhancing the system's performance metrics and promising an innovative approach for modern seaborne communication. uplink communication; SNR channel model; acoustic and millimeter waves +
Footnote †: journal: Marine Science and Engineering  
_and Engineering_  
_Article_  
A Cross-Medium Uplink Communication Model Merging Acoustic and Millimeter Waves  
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methods. TARF demonstrates the ability to achieve communication rates of up to 400 bps and maintain reliable communication even in the presence of the disturbances caused by water surface waves with amplitudes of up to 16 cm. Based on matching the frequency of surface waves to the acoustic signal of an underwater speaker, TARF exhibits resistance to water wave interference and ensures enhanced privacy. The system effectively addresses the challenges associated with underwater turbulence, air bubbles, and high absorption losses through the employment of hydroacoustic technology. Hence, TARF technology may become one of the preferred solutions in the field of cross-medium communication in the future. Further research is essential to delve into the intricacies of the TARF communication method, including system optimization and an in-depth understanding of its underlying physical processes. In offshore oil exploration and military applications, translational acoustic-RF communication (TARF) technology exhibits significant application potential. For instance, in offshore oil exploration applications, by analyzing the water surface waves generated by acoustic signals sent from underwater robots to the water surface, TARF technology assists in more accurately locating oil well positions and the real-time monitoring of the seabed environment to ensure the safety of personnel and equipment. In military applications, submarines can emit modulated acoustic waves to the water surface, which are then decoded by aircraft, enabling cross-medium communication between submarines and aircraft, ensuring communication safety and concealment. However, we also acknowledge that there are some common limitations and challenges faced by TARF technology in real-world applications, including depth, multipath effects caused by environmental factors, wind and waves, hardware requirements, real-time performance, and the communication rate. These factors may affect the effectiveness and application range of TARF technology.