# Industrial Internet of Things for a Wirelessly Controlled Water Distribution Network
###### Abstract  
This paper presents two innovative wireless network designs for the automation system of the Sof-Algeen water station in Zintan, addressing the challenge of connecting field instruments--such as pressure switches, solenoid valves, and differential pressure sensors--over distances of up to 4 km. Due to high costs, limited flexibility, and scalability concerns, traditional hardwired solutions are impractical for such distances. A comprehensive analysis of various Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) network designs determined that the IEEE 802.11 standard and Phoenix Contact's Trusted Wireless technology best meet the project's requirements for long-distance connectivity, real-time data acquisition, system compatibility, and compliance with national telecommunications regulations. This study proposes optimal network designs using the IEEE 802.11 standard and a hybrid mesh and star network for Trusted Wireless, and evaluates these technologies based on performance, reliability, and infrastructure compatibility using simulation. The network designs were validated using the Radio Mobile tool, considering the water station's specific terrain and wireless module parameters. The findings indicate distinct differences in structure, operation, and cost-effectiveness between the two proposed solutions, highlighting the benefits of each in achieving optimal link feasibility for robust water station automation. a 2020 2020 28 March  
human error and enhance performance by monitoring tank water levels with float sensors, directing water flow as needed, and controlling pump activity based on pipeline pressure to prevent dry runs. The system utilizes a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) at the water tanks to connect various field instruments, such as pressure switches, solenoid valves, differential pressure sensors, and float level switches. A key feature of the system is enabling the PLCs at each tank to communicate with each other to control the pumping and water flow between the two tanks, allowing them to feed each other. To cover the wide area between the water tank and wells without extensive wiring and establish a reliable connection, the automation system uses a wireless network designed by [4]. This network places wireless modules at the wells to collect data and transmit it to the PLC using radio frequency (RF) signals, which in turn sends commands to control the water station's operation. However, as discussed by authors in [4], the wireless network designed separately from the automation system led to several operational issues. The biggest problem was that the secondary tank was completely neglected in the first wireless network design, which meant it was not integrated into the system. This omission resulted in significant gaps in monitoring and control for that tank, negatively impacting the overall efficiency of the water station. In addition, the equipment used in the initial wireless network design was not suited for IoT applications, and no prior testing or related work had been conducted using these devices in a similar environment. This raised concerns about the feasibility and reliability of the system, as the chosen equipment did not meet the necessary requirements for efficient operation in an IoT-based system. Our research work meticulously reviews various wireless network designs and technologies, selecting (IEEE 802.11) [5] and Phoenix Contact's Trusted Wireless as the most suitable technologies that meet the water system requirements within national operation regulations. It comprehensively examines the water station infrastructure and the distribution of the field instruments to propose two wireless networks for each technology. The general infrastructure consists of two water tanks, a main and a secondary, each supplied by surrounding wells at various distances. Therefore, the water station was split into two segments, one for each water tank.