# Expected Impacts of the Massive Increase in Electric Vehicles in Slovakia
## 4 Conclusions  
Currently, one of the most important and most represented areas of transport is transport by passenger vehicles. This fact brings with it many risks and problems, especially in terms of environmental pollution, as passenger cars are a huge producer of greenhouse gases and other harmful substances. Air pollution, especially in large cities, often exceeds the permitted limits, which has a very negative effect on human health. Not only this, but also other factors, such as the limited supply of fossil fuels, make it possible to look for various alternative propulsions in transport, including electric vehicles. Despite many skeptical attitudes, electromobility already has considerable European and public support, which includes subsidies from each European country.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline  & **PM (g/MWh)** & **SO\({}_{2}\) (g/MWh)** & **NO\({}_{X}\) (g/MWh)** & **CO (g/MWh)** \\ \hline
**Black coal power plant** & 54.89 & 1360 & 1724 & 62.64 \\
**Brown coal power plant** & 74.58 & 1489 & 1333 & 164.8 \\
**Natural gas power plant** & 0.043 & 0.234 & 2841 & 956.2 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 7: Specific production emissions corresponding to electricity consumption [23].  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline  & **CO (g/km)** & **NO\({}_{X}\) (g/km)** & **PM (g/km)** \\ \hline Electric motor & 0.04436 & 0.23746 & 0.00064 \\ Diesel engine & 0.50 & 0.08 & 0.005 \\ Gasoline engine & 1.00 & 0.06 & 0.005 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 8: Comparison of electric vehicle emissions with the EURO 6 standard.  
The aim of this study was to determine the possible impact of the expected future development of electromobility on the energy industry and the ecological situation. The analysis is based on our own calculations and in the end, the knowledge achieved is summarized and possible scenarios are deduced. It can be stated that despite the estimated increase in the number of EVs according to the forecasts of the Integrated National Energy and Climate Plan for the years 2021-2030, it is clear that there will be no significant changes in the electricity system. From an ecological point of view, with Slovakian current energy mix, electromobility does not yet appear to be the most effective tool for reducing emissions. Although the calculated amount of carbon dioxide emissions per driven kilometer is slightly lower than the average value of vehicles with internal combustion engines, it still exceeds the set limits of the European Union. CO and particulate emissions, on the other hand, are significantly lower for electric vehicles than allowed by the EURO 6 standard. Electromobility is most important if the energy situation develops in favor of low-emission energy sources such as renewables and nuclear. By reducing the number of coal-fired power plants, which are among the most important sources of air pollutants, electricity will be considered cleaner, and therefore transport by EVs will also significantly outperform vehicles with internal combustion engines.  
Conceptualization, J.Z., J.K. and L.L.; methodology, J.Z. and J.K.; investigation, M.P., M.K. and L.L.; data analysis, J.K. and L.L.; writing--original draft preparation, J.K., M.K. and L.L.; writing--review and editing, M.P. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
This paper was developed within the project implementation: KEGA 009 TUKE-4/2020 \"Transfer of Digitization into Education in the Study Program Business Management and Economics.\" This work was supported by the Slovak Research and Development Agency under the Contract no. APVV-19-0328.  
The authors declare no conflict of interest.