# Methodology to Assess Sustainable Mobility in LATAM Cities
## 2 Methodology
### Evaluation of Mobility-Related Performance Indicators
#### 2.2.1 Accessibility  
The accelerated expansion of urbanization has had consequences associated with infrastructure, air quality, and the quality of life of residents. Unfortunately, this process leads to a vicious circle in which the expansion of infrastructure stimulates urban growth towards the periphery, increasing car dependency, which in turn requires additional infrastructure development to ease accessibility [36]. Therefore, at this stage of the proposed methodology, an assessment of infrastructure available in the city for the people to access the different places of the city should be performed. Four major areas have been considered: physical infrastructure, energy supply, vehicles for the mobility of people and goods, and city distribution. Physical infrastructure: This phase aims to describe the physical infrastructure available for the people to move around the city and for the distribution of goods within the city per area of the city and per habitants. Within urban growth, the road conditions and infrastructure available define the ease of mobility between activities and locations. Having accessible infrastructure is a common feature of a sustainable mobility system, as it supports the movement of people and goods by several modes of transport [37]. So, for its evaluation, methods such as audits, surveys, video cameras, or checklists are used to collect information and evaluate urban mobility. However, these methods show shortcomings regarding costs and time [34]. Usually, government entities publish reports on the city's physical infrastructure. They describe the composition of the road network. However, for analyzing the current state of this infrastructure, a diagnosis should be performed through a combination of the data obtained from Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and online map services (WMS). This technique uses the cartographic representation of a city which is then matched with Google Maps tool Google Street View. For the analysis, a broad sample of randomly selected locations around the urban region must be considered to diagnose the roads in terms of:  
* Road type
* Road pavement presence
* Pavement material
* damage to the road
* Pavement material
* damage to the road
* Pavement material
* damage to the road
* Pavement material  
Energy supply: Within on-road transportation, the energy supply can be considered a basic need, and therefore it is a key measure to identify its accessibility within an urban region. To describe the source of energy available in the city for powering vehicles, it is not only necessary to determine the infrastructure density but also their location (gas stations and electric chargers per habitant and city area). This will allow an assessment of the infrastructure distribution. This information is generally of public domain, or it can be estimated through online map services such as Google Maps. Additionally, a description of the physico-chemical characteristics of the fuel distributed within the city allows identifying if the available fuel quality contributes to excessive vehicle emissions and, therefore, the need for more restrictive fuel quality regulations. Vehicles for the mobility of people and goods: It is important to describe vehicle fleet composition (type, age, and powering energy) along with the public transport system. Normally, to determine the fleet composition, it is necessary to have access to the local database of registered vehicles in the city, which can be obtained through the local governmental or municipal entity in charge of transportation. Nevertheless, a Remote Sensing Device (RSD) monitoring campaign is recommended. Nowadays, it can be performed at a relatively low cost. It not only allows correlating each vehicle model with their emissions (Section 2.2.3) but also helps to determine the fleet composition of circulating vehicles. City distribution: A description of how the city is organized is relevant. It should consider population density per administrative county.