## 1 Introduction  
With the rapid development of the world's economy, the demand for energy is increasing in various countries. With the energy extraction, surface and shallow resources are gradually depleted. The mining depth of mines and oil and gas wells further increased and gradually developed into deep mining [1; 2]. However, deep underground rock has a stronger engineering mechanical response than shallow rock due to its complex storage environment and higher stress conditions. The greater depth of the rock body will result in the existence of a large amount of energy within the rock. When the energy is disturbed and suddenly released, it will cause greater harm to underground geotechnical engineering and cause greater losses to people and property [3; 4; 5]. The rock burst and impact phenomena produced by stress release in sandstone with higher strength are more serious. At the same time, the change in external load is the main factor that induces the stress release of rock. In mining, when the deep surrounding rocks and coal pillars in a high-stress state are affected by the induced stresses generated by mining activities such as the excavation of roadways or chambers and rock support in the neighbouring areas, it will certainly affect the stress state of the surrounding rocks themselves [6]. At the same time, the superposition of the original rock stresses and the induced stresses due to the excavation of the geotechnical mass of the surrounding rock will lead to the disturbance of the total stresses on the surrounding rock, and therefore the total stresses on the surrounding rock in deep underground engineering will always be maintained within a certain range. During excavation, support, or mining, the stress state in the surrounding rock may be cyclically fluctuating [7; 8]. Under this cyclic effect of stress, certain cracks and damages are more likely to occur inside the surrounding rock [9; 10]. When the induced stress caused by the surrounding rock's internal cracks reaches a certain level, a series of deep geotechnical engineering disasters such as rock explosions, roof falls, and so on will occur. The surrounding rock of a deeply buried roadway is usually in a high-stress environment, mostly in a state of high stress in three directions. The excavation of the roadway will have an impact on this stress state, and researchers found that through on-site monitoring, the tangential stress of the surrounding rock closer to the roadway edge gang has a tendency to increase and then decrease with the increase in the distance, and the radial stress is the unloading rebound state that decreases and then increases [11; 12]. In this case, with the excavation of the adjacent roadway or refuge, the stress influence on the coal pillar between the two roadways easily leads to the occurrence of instability damage. The reason for this is that the coal column subjected to higher rock stress fluctuates in the total stress due to the change in the surrounding stress state, and its internal structure produces a certain stress adjustment, which affects the stability of the coal column between the roadways in the adjustment of internal stress under higher ground stress conditions [13]. Sandstone is a common rock in underground engineering, and the roof slabs of some coal mines are mostly sandstone. The sandstone with high strength tends to gather large energy internally under the action of a cyclic load of mining and excavation, and the sudden release of energy in a short period of time will produce a large threat to people and property. Therefore, it is of great significance to research the mechanical properties, internal energy evolution characteristics, and damage destruction laws of high-strength sandstone under cyclic loading to maintain the stability of the surrounding rock in deep mining roadway and ensure the safe operation of deep geotechnical engineering.