## 3 A Case Series  
### Case #1. Wound Dehiscence after an Autogenous Tooth Bone Graft with a Collagen Membrane  
A 42-year-old male with a fracture of the left first maxillary molar underwent extraction surgery (Figure 2A,B). The extracted tooth was made as a demineralized dentin matrix incorporated with rhBMP-2 (DDM/rhBMP-2, Korea Tooth Bank, Korea) [8]. After four weeks of extraction to achieve soft tissue healing, the implant (Osstem, Korea) was placed, and a bone graft was performed simultaneously with DDM/rhBMP-2 on the maxillary sinus and guided bone regeneration (GBR) covering the collagen membrane (Ossguide, Ostem, Korea) on the palatal defect of the implant. (Figure 2C,D) Primary closure was achieved after a releasing incision. (Figure 2E) Five days after the surgery, wound dehiscence occurred on the palatal side. (Figure 2F) Using the abovementioned method (Figure 1), conservative treatment was performed by the patient. Four weeks after surgery, secondary healing was observed without exposed the grafts (Figure 3A), and conservative treatment was stopped. The wound showed a remodeling process at 3 months after surgery. (Figure 3B) At 6 months after surgery, the prosthetic process was performed without complications. (Figure 3C) Bony remodeling with cortico-cancellous complex was achieved at 12 months after surgery (Figure 3D). Figure 1: Conservative treatment method for wound dehiscence. (**A**,**B**). (**A**) cast model was made by covering the band-type dressing material. (**C**) An omnivec splint was fabricated from the impression with the dressing application (red dot square). (**D**,**E**) The dressing could be applied accurately with the splint. (**F**) The dressing was well maintained with adhesion to the gingiva after 5–10 min of application. Case #2. Wound Dehiscence after an Autogenous Bone Graft with a Titanium Mesh and Histology Analysis with Mesh Removal at 10 Weeks Postoperatively  
A 42-year-old male heavy smoker (two packs a day) lacked residual bone on the left maxillary first and second molars with maxillary sinusitis. (Figure 4A) Under general anesthesia, the extraction of hopeless teeth and bone graft were performed simultaneously to close the oroantral fistula on the left maxilla using an autogenous mandibular ramus graft with a macroporous titanium mesh (Retro Ti-matrix, Seum Medi, Korea). (Figure 4B) At postoperative 3 weeks, wound dehiscence was observed with exposed titanium mesh. (Figure 4C) Using the abovementioned method (Figure 1), conservative treatment was performed with a partial omnivac splint (Figure 4D), and the dressing material showed intimate adhesion while filling up the dehiscence defect. (Figure 4E) At 2 weeks after the conservative treatment, secondary healing was observed under the mesh. (Figure 4F). Figure 2: Wound dehiscence after an autogenous tooth bone graft with the collagen membrane of case #1. (**A**,**B**) Preoperative radiograph on a left maxillary first molar area with insufficient residual bone for dental implant. (**C**) Implant was placed with a palatal defect. (**D**) Bone graft was performed with DDM/rhBMP-2. (**E**) Primary closure was achieved. (**F**) Wound dehiscence occurred five days after surgery. With consideration to his smoking habit, the mesh was removed at 10 weeks after graft surgery. The bone fragments detached from the recipient site were collected during mesh removal. The histology was analyzed from the patient who consented to undergo a biopsy, microscopic examination of biopsied tissue was performed by pathologist. After decalcification and fixation, the samples were sectioned at a thickness of 5-8 um, using a microtome. The slides were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E). Histology revealed the grafted bone tissue showing some osteoblast inside the matrix (Figure 5A, arrow), and no evidence of bacterial colonization, and chronic inflammatory cells infiltration to the fibrotic stroma.