# Combining BioTRIZ and Multi-Factor Coupling for Bionic Mechatronic System Design
## 1 Introduction  
To adapt to changes in climate, habitat, and food sources, creatures have undergone diverse morphological, structural, and functional evolutions through \"natural selection\", enabling them to thrive in their respective environments. These adaptations have garnered significant interest not only from biologists but also from engineers seeking to harness this biodiversity through bionic principles [1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6].  
Problem-driven biomimetic approaches aim to discover solutions in the biological realm for specific engineering issues. Nevertheless, evolution often reflects compromises among multiple survival necessities. For instance, the evolution of the finch beak balances various functions, such as singing, attracting mates, and grooming, rendering its structure not necessarily optimal solely for grinding food [7]. When applied to enhance the pulverizing efficiency of a jackhammer, the outcome is not an optimal but a feasible solution. On the other hand, solution-driven biomimetic approaches necessitate extracting relevant knowledge from extensive studies of living organisms to create or enhance artificial products [8; 9]. However, in the context of mechatronic systems, which integrate structures, drivers, control algorithms, and more, abstracting biological knowledge into a singular mathematical, physical, or structural model not only falls short of fully describing the system overall functionality but also struggles to represent the relationships between its engineering modules.  
The design of a bionic mechatronic system necessitates the realization of a comprehensive process that involves an engineering-to-biology mapping and biology-to-engineering inversion. To this end, we introduce a bio-inspired design paradigm that integratesBioTRIZ [10] with the Extensive Model of Multi-factor Coupling Bionics (EM-MCB) [11; 12]. This paradigm is based on relationship mapping inversion. We employ bionic active vision system as a representative example to illustrate the design framework of the bionic mechatronic system, which is depicted in Figure 1.  
In the mapping stage from engineering to biology, the engineering issue is first abstracted into a BioTRIZ conflicting problem. Through the contradiction matrix, the BioTRIZ solution is obtained. It is then combined with multiple prototypes from biological database to form a complete biological solution. This combination enables the analysis of common features and evolutionary trends observed in various creatures, and allows for a systematic analysis of the engineering requirements and a widened search range of biological instances.  
In the inversion stage of biology to engineering, in order to correspond the morphological and behavioral elements of the biological system with the structure, algorithm, and other modules of the mechatronic system, a biological coupling model and an extensive model are established based on the principle of multi-factor coupling bionics. By establishing the bionic coupling model and extensive model analogously, a correspondence with the biological models is formed at the coupling element level, which in turn converts the biological solution into an engineering conceptual model.