# I-Shaped Metamaterial Using SRR for Multi-Band Wireless Communication
## 9 Conclusions  
A novel ISMeTM unit cell using the SSRR along with its arrays has been designed, simulated and analyzed in this paper. The structure is designed using copper as its metal strip on a FR-4 dielectric substrate. The SSRRs along with an I-shaped patch is utilized for designing the ISMeTM. The detailed theory and equivalent circuit of the ISMeTM are presented. The proposed structure produced multiple resonances and SNG behavior. The proposed ISMeTM is suitable for use in multi-band microwave applications including C band, X band and Ku band. The design and analysis of 1 \(\times\) 2, 2 \(\times\) 2, and 2 \(\times\) 4 array structure of the proposed ISMeTM unit cell are also investigated. The proposed low-cost and compact ISMeTM are suitable for multi-band satellite communication systems, radar applications, sub-6 GHz 5G applications, ultra-wideband applications, etc. Conceptualization, B.A., P.K. and T.A. ; methodology, B.A., P.K. and T.A. ; software, B.A. ; validation, B.A., P.K. and T.A. ; writing--B.A. and P.K. ; writing--review and editing, B.A., P.K. and T.A. ; supervision, P.K. and T.A. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Ref** & \
\begin{tabular}{c} **Dimension** \\ **(mm)2** \\ \end{tabular} & **Shape** & **Substrate** & **Band** &
\begin{tabular}{c} **Resonance** \\ **Frequency (GHz)** \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline
[22] & 4 \(\times\) 4 & Double S & FR-4 & Ku- & 1 \\ \hline
[23] & 30 \(\times\) 22 \(\times\) 0.8 & CSRR & Roger Duroid TM 5880 & C & 1 \\ \hline
[24] & 25 \(\times\) 25 \(\times\) 1 & U-shaped & Glass & C & 1 \\ \hline
[25] & 12 \(\times\) 11 \(\times\) 1.6 & Aztec & FR-4 & C, X, Ku & 4 \\ \hline
[26] & 5 \(\times\) 5 \(\times\) 0.25 & V-shaped & Fused Quartz & X & 1 \\ \hline
[27] & 12.5 \(\times\) 12.5 & I-shaped & FR-4 & X & 1 \\ \hline
[28] & 10 \(\times\) 10 & Inverse double L & Rogers RT 5880 & C, X, Ku & 4 \\ \hline
[30] & 12 \(\times\) 12 \(\times\) 1.635 & C-shaped & Rogers RT 6010 & S, C, X, Ku & 4 \\ \hline
[31] & 30 \(\times\) 30 & H-shaped & FR-4 & S, C, X, Ku & 4 \\ \hline
[32] & 9 \(\times\) 9 \(\times\) 1.6 & Double C & FR-4 & S, C, X, Ku & 5 \\ \hline Proposed & 10 \(\times\) 10 \(\times\) 1.6 & I-shaped & FR-4 & C, X, Ku & 7 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: Comparative analysis of the proposed ISMeTM with the structures in literature. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**Configuration** & **SNG Freq. Range (GHz)** & **S21 Dips Frequencies (GHz)** & **S21 (dB)** \\ \hline ISMeTM unit cell & \begin{tabular}{c} 5.46–6.29, 11.6–11.8, \\ 13.8–15,15.8–16.8 \\ 13.2–14.9, 15.8–16.4 \\ \end{tabular} & 6.31, 7.79, 9.98, 10.82, 11.86, 13.36, 15.5 & \begin{tabular}{c} \(-\)22.96, \(-\)18.89, \(-\)13.47, \\ \(-\)8.64, \(-\)15.49, \(-\)6.87, \\ \(-\)6.45 \\ \end{tabular} \\ ISMeTM 1 \(\times\) 2 array & \begin{tabular}{c} 5.46–6.29, 11.35–11.44, \\ 13.2–14.9, 15.8–16.4 \\ \end{tabular} & 6.23, 7.76, 10.10, 10.78, 11.72, 13.36, 15.5 & \begin{tabular}{c} \(-\)22.40, \(-\)17.91, \(-\)11.64, \(-\)5.6, \\ \(-\)6.35 \\ \end{tabular} \\ ISMeTM 2 \(\times\) 2 array & \begin{tabular}{c} 5.44–6.31, 13.3–13.9, \\ 14.6–15.8, 16.1–16.3 \\ \end{tabular} & 4.63, 6.05, 6.64, 7.44, 8.12, 10.4 & \begin{tabular}{c} \(-\)8.33, \(-\)18.46, \(-\)13.97, \\ \(-\)14.67, \(-\)14.04, \(-\)14.21 \\ \end{tabular} \\ ISMeTM 2 \(\times\) 4 array & \
\begin{tabular}{c} 5.46–6.28, 13.6–14.2, \\ 14.9–15.3, 15.9–16.4 \\ \end{tabular} & 4.69, 5.96, 6.52, 7.30 7.84, 8.20, 10.52 &
\begin{tabular}{c} \(-\)8.67, \(-\)13.57, \(-\)17.35, \\ \(-\)12.33, \(-\)16.41, \(-\)16.49, \\ \(-\)16.76 \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Parameters of ISMeTM unit cell, ISMeTM 1X2 array, ISMeTM 2X2 array and ISMeTM 2X4 array. Funding: This research was funded by Eskom. Institutional Review Board Statement: Not applicable. Informed Consent Statement: Not applicable. Data Availability Statement: Not applicable.