# Seismic Wave Amplification Characteristics in Slope Sections of Various Inclined Model Grounds
###### Abstract  
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[PERSON]; [PERSON], [PERSON]; [PERSON] Seismic Wave Amplification Characteristics in Slope Sections of Various Inclined Model Grounds. 1  
S.; [PERSON]; [PERSON] Seismic Wave Amplification Characteristics in Slope Sections of Various Inclined Model Grounds. 1  
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S.; [PERSON], [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]. In Republic of Korea, the 2016 Gyeongju earthquake and the 2017 Pohang earthquake caused landslides due to slope collapses, resulting in significant damage. Given that over 70% of Republic of Korea's land is mountainous, it is predicted that without ensuring seismic stability of slopes, more severe damage will occur during earthquakes. This has highlighted the necessity for research and development to prevent landslide damage caused by slope collapses in South Korea [2; 3; 4; 5]. However, it is difficult to accurately predict the amplification characteristics in three-dimensional topographies like slopes compared to horizontal ground [6; 7; 8; 9]. Therefore, various studies have been conducted to evaluate the stability of slopes and determine amplification characteristics. In general, the dynamic behavior characteristics of such slopes have primarily been analyzed through numerical analysis. However, unlike numerical analysis, dynamic behavior experiments conducted by constructing model grounds are considered more effective as they provide an intuitive understanding of behavior characteristics [10]. Dynamic behavior experiments are mainly performed using 1 g shaking tables and centrifuge model equipments, and the validity of these experiments has been verified by various researchers through comparisons with numerical analyses [11; 12; 13; 14]. Using these validated dynamic behavior experiments, many researchers have constructed various slope models to analyze the dynamic behavior characteristics of slope grounds. Evaluations of the dynamic behavior characteristics of model slopes using 1 g shaking tables have been conducted by creating models with various slope angles. These model slopes have mainly been analyzed through Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA), Amplification Factor, and Spectral Acceleration (SA). The slope shapes were constructed with various convex and concave surfaces to analyze acceleration amplification. It was observed that the type of slope affects the dynamic response; for example, in concave slopes, shoulder collapse, formation of the sliding surface, and integral sliding above the slope line occurred, while in convex slopes, internal sliding within the soil layer and slope failure near the slope line were primarily observed [11; 15]. Additionally, studies have been conducted to understand the behavior characteristics of reinforced model slopes using piles or geogrids. For example, [PERSON] [16] studied the behavior characteristics of slopes reinforced with soil nails under head restraint using a 1 g shaking table, and found that after reinforcement with soil nails, there was a reduction in upper slope settlement, horizontal and vertical displacement at the front, and acceleration amplification, thus improving slope stability during earthquakes. [PERSON] et al. [17] conducted experiments on the model ground before and after reinforcement with geogrids across different frequency ranges, concluding that the reinforced model was less affected by frequency, whereas the unreinforced model was significantly influenced by frequency, playing a crucial role in seismic response. [PERSON] et al. [18] analyzed the acceleration amplification effect, dynamic earth pressure, and dynamic bending moment after constructing a model slope reinforced with anchor-reinforced pile structures. The study found that as the elevation increased, acceleration amplification also increased, and that ground motion variability did not significantly alter the distribution pattern of dynamic earth pressure.