## 4 UAV-TPUA: UAV Trajectory Progress Updating Algorithm
### Updating Trajectory Progress
Possible future research directions may focus on multi-modal fusion positioning technology and intelligent search and rescue algorithms [22]. Combine 5G NR beam scanning technology with other sensor data, such as visual, infrared or acoustic sensors, to improve positioning accuracy and robustness. This multi-modal fusion can reduce the dependence on a single technology and improve the efficiency of search and rescue in complex environments. In addition, more advanced algorithms, such as intelligent decision systems based on machine learning or deep learning, are developed to optimize search and rescue paths and strategies for drones. These algorithms can adapt to different environments and conditions, enabling more efficient and automated search and rescue missions. Conceptualization, M.H., Q.S., K.D. and H.H. ; methodology, K.D. and H.H. ; related work, X.L. ; writing--original draft presentation, K.D. ; writing--review, M.H. and Q.S. ; writing--modification, K.D., H.H. and X.L. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. This research is funded by the project \"Application and Technical Research of 5G Secure Private Network in Special Industries (R24391310112203)\". Data Availability StatementData available in a publicly accessible repository--The data presented in this study are openly available in ([[https://github.com/Ita97/5G-Tutorial-Code/tree/main](https://github.com/Ita97/5G-Tutorial-Code/tree/main)]([https://github.com/Ita97/5G-Tutorial-Code/tree/main](https://github.com/Ita97/5G-Tutorial-Code/tree/main)) (accessed on 19 August 2024)). Author [PERSON], [PERSON], [PERSON], [PERSON] and [PERSON] were employed by the company China Mobile (Chengdu) Information and Telecommunication Technology Co., Ltd. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. ## References

* [PERSON] et al. 2019 [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] Comparative Analysis of Positioning Accuracy of GNSS Receivers of Samsung Galaxy Smartphones in Marine Dynamic Measurements. _Adv. Space Res._**2019**, _63_, 3018-3028. [CrossRef]
* [PERSON] et al. 2019 [PERSON]; [PERSON] [PERSON]; [PERSON] [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs): A Survey on Civil Applications and Key Research Challenges. _IEEE Access_**2019**, \(7\), 48572-48634. [CrossRef]
* [PERSON] et al. 2019 [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] Design and Deployment of UAV-Aided Post-Disaster Emergency Network. _IEEE Access_**2019**, \(7\), 102985-102999. [CrossRef]
* [PERSON] and [PERSON] 2024 [PERSON]; [PERSON] The Multi-Visit Vehicle Routing Problem with Drones under Carbon Trading Mechanism. _Sustainability_**2024**, _16_, 6145. [CrossRef]
* [PERSON] et al. 2020 [PERSON]; [PERSON] [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] A transformation technique for the clustered generalized traveling salesman problem with applications to logistics. _Eur. J. Oper. Res._**2020**, _285_, 444-457. [CrossRef]
* [PERSON] 2017 [PERSON] Flying cell towers to the rescue. _IEEE Spectr._**2017**, _54_, 38-43. [CrossRef][PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] UAV-Assisted Emergency Networks in Disasters. _IEEE Wirel. Commun._**2019**, _26_, 45-51. [CrossRef]
* [PERSON] et al. (2021) [PERSON]; [PERSON] [PERSON]; [PERSON] SARDO: An automated search-and-rescue drone-based solution for victims localization. _IEEE Trans. Mob. Comput._**2021**, _21_, 3312-3325. [CrossRef]
* [PERSON] et al. (2023) [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] [PERSON] 3 DSAR: A Single-Drone 3D Cellular Search and Rescue Solution Leveraging 5G-NR. In Proceedings of the GLOBECOM 2023--2023 IEEE Global Communications Conference, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 4-8 December 2023; pp. 6183-6188. * [PERSON] et al. (2021) [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] A comparative study of 3D UE positioning in 5G new radio with a single station. _Sensors_**2021**, _21_, 1178.