## 5 Operational Descriptions of the Future Distribution Networks with the Sundom Smart Grid
### Energy Management Use Cases
#### 5.1.2 Energy Management Use Cases of the Microgrid Phase
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{p{142.3 pt} p{142.3 pt}} \hline \hline \multicolumn{1}{c}{**HL-UC Name**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Events in the LV and MV Distribution Networks**} \\ \hline Electricity supply & LV: In the islanded operation mode, the energy supply is provided by the microgrid owner or operator, who is the local DSO, which is a natural case with the utility-connected microgrids. The electricity is supplied to the loads from the customers’ PV units and BESS within the islanded microgrid. & LV: The microgrid operator is responsible for providing electric energy that is safe and high quality in the islanded and grid-connected mode. \\ \hline Electricity consumption & \\ \hline Load control & LV: The dynamic load types are used for the DR programs. Independent aggregators, “an aggregator that is not affiliated to a supplier or any other market participant” [76] or “a market participant engaged in aggregation who is not affiliated to the customer’s supplier” [89], emerge. A third-party, independent aggregator, an EV aggregator, can collect the flexibility from charging or discharging EVs. In the islanded mode, loads are controlled by the MEMS for maintaining power balance in the microgrid. & MV: MEMS is responsible for charging the PS-BESS in the grid-connected and the islanded modes. In the islanded operation mode, the PS-BESS is the primary resource to be controlled for maintaining power balance in the microgrid. \\ \hline Electricity generation & LV: The SS-BESS can be used for power balance management in the islanded mode. & LV: The SS-BESS can be used for power balance management in the islanded mode. \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Generation control} & MV: In the islanded mode, the generation from PS-BESS is controlled by MEMS for maintaining power balance in the microgrid. & MV: In the islanded mode, the generation from PS-BESS is controlled by MEMS for maintaining power balance in the microgrid. \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Generation control} & LV: The electricity generation from the class 4 PV units can be controlled to maintain the supply quality. The prosumers and the partners can agree with the DSO or the microgrid operator to control their PV unit’s active power generation for congestion management purposes. The frequency-controlled micro-generation units can offer frequency support in the islanded mode. & MV: In the grid-connected and islanded modes, the MEMS controls the share of generated heat and electricity from the CHP unit according to its optimization target. In addition, the PS-BESS recharging is controlled via MEMS. In the islanded operation mode, the MEMS is also responsible for the WT’s generation control. & LV: The reactive power can be controlled for the DSO’s local AS purposes; the customer PV units and BESS and the SS-BESS can be used for maintaining the quality of the supply. There can be an OLTC at the secondary substations. \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{2-3}  & MV: In the grid-connected mode, voltage and reactive power are controlled the same way as in the previous evolution phase, but also, the PS-BESS and the CHP unit can be used. \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: Energy management high-level use cases in the microgrid phase. Based on the load control HL-UC, the DR for the peak shaving by load shedding PUC description can be developed for the energy management over both voltage levels. Peak shaving is a quick reduction of the power consumption for a short period, the activation of the generation, or the battery. In this HL-UC, the customers belong to the energy community, but in reality, not all customers might join the energy community. Responsive consumers, prosumers, and partners can reduce power consumption by load shedding to avoid spikes in consumption in the LV distribution networks and the microgrid area. In the MV grid, the CHP unit and the PS-BESS can be used for supplementing power to avoid peak loads. The LV- and MV-connected DG units are connected to the MEMS, which controls the DG units centrally within the microgrid area.