# BlocklyXR: An Interactive Extended Reality Toolkit for Digital Storytelling
## 6 Discussion  
Our findings for the user experience study indicated that the hypothesized directional relationships among the constructs (research hypotheses) in the structural model were supported, except the non-significant effect of perceived ease of use on intention to use. The findings are in accordance with the previous literature on VR/AR applications [63; 64; 65] in that perceived usefulness as utilitarian value has a dominant effect on intention to use, while perceived ease of use as hedonic value is secondary and mediated by perceived usefulness. Notably, the decisive impact of perceived usefulness on intention to use implies that BlocklyXR generates \"utilitarian benefits\" such as functional, instrumental, and practical benefits, rather than \"hedonic benefits\" like aesthetic, experiential, and enjoyment-related factors [65]. Our user experience study has several limitations that should be addressed in future research. The first limitation involves the procedure to collect users' responses. This was due to the COVID-19 pandemic, which prevented us from conducting the study in a face-to-face fashion. Participants were not able to use the toolkit directly at their own \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c} \hline \hline  & **Estimates** & **Std.Error** & **95\% CI\_LB** & **95\% CI\_UB** \\ \hline VD \(\rightarrow\) TTF & 0.715 * & 0.064 & 0.616 & 0.831 \\ TTF \(\rightarrow\) PEU & 0.597 * & 0.109 & 0.340 & 0.767 \\ VD \(\rightarrow\) PU & 0.492 * & 0.118 & 0.215 & 0.656 \\ PEU \(\rightarrow\) PU & 0.319 * & 0.120 & 0.094 & 0.560 \\ PEU \(\rightarrow\) BI & 0.195 & 0.167 & \(-\)0.111 & 0.554 \\ PU \(\rightarrow\) BI & 0.604 * & 0.140 & 0.317 & 0.856 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
* statistically significant at 0.05 level.  
\end{table} 
Table 6: Estimates of path coefficients. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline  & **Estimate** & **SE** & **95\% CI\_LB** & **95\% CI\_UB** \\ \hline TTF1 & 0.855 & 0.051 & 0.733 & 0.924 \\ TTF2 & 0.655 & 0.079 & 0.486 & 0.778 \\ TTF3 & 0.850 & 0.046 & 0.738 & 0.906 \\ TTF4 & 0.852 & 0.035 & 0.766 & 0.900 \\ \hline VD1 & 0.885 & 0.027 & 0.816 & 0.920 \\ VD2 & 0.530 & 0.162 & 0.167 & 0.756 \\ VD3 & 0.795 & 0.068 & 0.666 & 0.882 \\ \hline PU1 & 0.836 & 0.049 & 0.723 & 0.898 \\ PU2 & 0.784 & 0.070 & 0.615 & 0.866 \\ PU3 & 0.898 & 0.031 & 0.815 & 0.934 \\ PU4 & 0.827 & 0.057 & 0.658 & 0.888 \\ PU5 & 0.872 & 0.034 & 0.790 & 0.925 \\ \hline PEU1 & 0.732 & 0.112 & 0.512 & 0.899 \\ PEU2 & 0.857 & 0.059 & 0.686 & 0.924 \\ PEU3 & 0.782 & 0.056 & 0.648 & 0.866 \\ PEU4 & 0.762 & 0.067 & 0.607 & 0.871 \\ PEU5 & 0.578 & 0.163 & 0.196 & 0.787 \\ PEU6 & 0.756 & 0.075 & 0.568 & 0.880 \\ \hline BI1 & 0.897 & 0.032 & 0.807 & 0.938 \\ BI2 & 0.948 & 0.017 & 0.903 & 0.977 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 5: Estimates of loadings. pace, which may have reduced the motivation to take part in the study. As such, more rigorous user studies would be needed to evaluate the use and acceptance of BlocklyXR, which would provide more reliable and valid responses. Second, the demo video used in the study presented only an overview of the toolkit. Thus, a more detailed explanation of the features of the toolkit would be needed with a series of tutorial videos. Last, we might consider other factors contributing to the adoption and use of technology in future studies. It would be particularly interesting to utilize the extended unified theory of acceptance and use of technology [66, 67]. That is, it would extend the TAM used in this study by assessing the impacts of performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, facilitating conditions, hedonic motivation, price value, and habit on the technology adoption and use, considering the moderating effects of participants' individual differences (age, gender, and experience) on relationship among the constructs. During the development of BlocklyXR, we encountered several technical challenges to be considered in future research.