## 3 The Impact of the Electromagnetic Interference on Drones
### Influence of Electromagnetic Interference of Converter Station on UAV Communication
#### 3.1.1 Impact on UAV Data Link Communication System

Table 2: Modules and functions of UAV continuous wave electromagnetic radiation effect test system. Figure 3: Continuous wave electromagnetic radiation effect test system for UAV. Due to the limited power of the on-board backup battery, utility power is usually used during the near-field debugging of the drone, and the cable connection may introduce external interference. Therefore, the UAV main remote-control antenna is the main coupling channel that introduces interference and causes the main remote-control data link to lose lock. According to the various functional subsystem modules, the impact of electromagnetic interference on the data link between the UAV and the ground console is manifested by the performance degradation of each subsystem. The line-following UAV is exposed to the electromagnetic radiation of the converter station. Systems that may degrade performance or lose control include digital signal transmission, sensor signal transmission, information transmission, and automatic control signal transmission. Since drones need to carry recording and camera equipment to perform flight missions, image transmission must be completed by wireless communication. Under the effect of electromagnetic interference, the image signal will be distorted, the image pixels will be reduced, the definition will be worse, and the error will increase. Once the interference intensity exceeds the capacity of the sensitive equipment, the image information will not be received at all, and the communication with the ground equipment will even be interrupted [24]. Much information is transmitted by digital signals inside the UAV. Electromagnetic interference increases the bit error rate of the digital system and reduces the reliability of the signal. In severe cases, information loss or information errors will occur. Due to the existence of electromagnetic interference, the bit error rate of wireless communication can only be maintained at the level of \(10^{-5}\) usually the bit error rate of digital signal transmission is at the level of \(10^{-7}\), and the total bit error rate of the internal data transmission of the electronic computer is generally \(10^{-12}\) level) [25]. UAV airborne electronic equipment and instrumentation are the most sophisticated data indicating equipment among UAVs. Electromagnetic interference will reduce the reference value of pointer data [26]. When the automatic control system receives electromagnetic interference, it may lose control and malfunction, which will reduce the reliability and effectiveness of the control system and endanger safety [27]. Sensitive electronic equipment and electronic circuits in the control system are more sensitive to electromagnetic interference. In addition, stepping motors, low-voltage electromagnetic switches, relays and other equipment are also sensitive to electromagnetic interference. Literature [28] conducted a radiation interference experiment on a UAV in a microwave anechoic chamber. When the interference field strength reached 10 V/m, at (80 MHz\(\sim\)1000 MHz) and (1000 MHz\(\sim\)2750 MHz) frequencies, the antenna direction regardless of the horizontal pole When the polarization is still vertical, although the drone's engine can work at normal idling speed, the communication between the drone and the ground is interrupted, and the controller cannot control the steering stepper motor.