## 3 Research Methodology and Approach
**Investigate the BIM uses in different phases of the project:** This RA was conducted through direct observation of the project meetings, and project documents and communications were also reviewed at this stage. Subsequently, BIM data for each of the identified uses, including different models, point cloud data, and 4 Dsimulation videos, were analyzed. The details of this research activity are discussed further in Section 6. * **Investigate BIM implementation technologies and processes employed in the project:** For this research activity, the researchers observed the project management processes by attending project meetings and reviewing meeting minutes, reports, and emails to capture all aspects regarding BIM implementation and its process. In addition, project documents, including RFIs, site instructions, and submittals, were reviewed and analyzed. This research activity is discussed in more detail in Section 7. * **Identify the impact of BIM implementation on the project (benefits and challenges):** The main objective of this research activity was to examine how BIM adoption in this project, with all its constraints and challenges, changed the project implementation processes and outcomes. For this aim, the researchers investigated the impact of BIM on collaboration and coordination during the design and construction phases. The expected impact on project outcomes such as cost, time, and quality was also identified in this RA. The details of this research activity are discussed further in Section 8. * **Identify the lessons learned from implementing BIM:** Once the impact of BIM was identified, the perceived benefits and challenges of the BIM implementation were specified and documented in this RA. These benefits and challenges were captured by gathering the project team's inputs through surveys and interviews during and after project completion. Furthermore, based on the perceived benefits and challenges of BIM deployment in this project, this paper developed a series of lessons learned for effective BIM implementation in the renovation project. Then, the findings were validated with the findings from different related literature and interviews with the project team. This research activity is discussed in more detail in Section 9. Figure 1: Research activities to better understand project processes. A variety of different data collection methods were used in this research depending on the respective research activity. Table 1 provides a detailed list of different project data used for each research activity in this research. To provide a consistent view on the research findings, the research team adopted three lenses based on the analysis framework introduced in [48], namely, (1) organizational, (2) process-related, and (3) technological. As for the organizational lens, the following aspects of the selected case study were explored and analyzed: initial motivation and background to employ BIM contractual relationships between project stakeholders, organizational experience of each project team member with BIM and their capabilities, and previous BIM-enabled projects at the owner organization, i.e., UBC. Furthermore, it entailed understanding the objectives and expectations of the project team for implementing BIM. The process lens involved investigating how BIM is actually being implemented in the project and for what specific purpose. Finally, through the technology lens, the research team investigated the type of software employed, the supporting infrastructure, and the interaction with models by the major stakeholders. The conducted surveys and interviews, in addition to the direct observations by the research team, helped to identify a list of benefits and challenges in implementing BIM in the selected case study project. These findings were then validated by conducting a literature review and additional interviews with the project team.