## 3 Results--Systematic Literature Review
### Interrelated Aspects
Food security is \"having physical, social and economic access to sufficient safe and healthy food\" [110; 111]. During a crisis period, the fresh food sector is subject to more risks compared to the processed food sector. For example, during the COVID-19 pandemic there was a stagnation in sales of products such as fruits and vegetables, resulting in spoilage [64]. This involved economic damages to small farmers and caused food insecurity in consumers, due to the fear of not being able to afford to buy fruits and vegetables through traditional sales channels (e.g., a supermarket), because of the higher cost and smaller quantity available. This represents a non-insignificant hardship, especially for low-income countries. For instance, an increase in production costs was reported in Tanzania, due to the lack of agricultural inputs, such as fertilizer, which are usually imported [70]. [PERSON] et al. [69] conducted a study on food security in relation to the COVID-19 pandemic and climate change. They showed that the availability of materials needed for agricultural production such as seeds, fertilizers and feed, drastically decreased during the pandemic period. This resulted in a decline in agricultural production, endangering food security. The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the importance of food accessibility as an indispensable component for meeting basic consumers' needs. Although small farms and SCs are described, it is important to engage in the search for proactive measures regarding these realities to protect them in the case of future disruptions. Correlations among the interrelated aspects were also explored and mapped. Venn diagrams in Figure 9 show the intersections between articles containing implications on I4.0, sustainability, food safety, and e-commerce. Figure 9: Venn diagram of interrelated aspects. It is notable that out of 40 papers with I4.0, 21 also include sustainability implications, covering over half of the papers with I4.0 implications and almost half of the papers with sustainability implications (46). This demonstrates a clear link between the two themes and their associated practices: indeed, several articles mention digitization combined with other I4.0 technologies as a means to increase corporate sustainability [43; 70; 108]. Twelve papers turn out to include both e-commerce and sustainability considerations. These two areas share some common aspects, as they are both directions in which companies are oriented to meet customer demand and enhance their image. Also, there are 12 common articles at the crossroad between e-commerce and I4.0; these articles are just over half of the total number of papers dealing with e-commerce (23). The popularity of this intersection is self-evident, as e-commerce can be rightly considered as a branch of I4.0, and both can be put into practice thanks to technological innovations. In addition, 11 of the 14 articles referring to food safety also include sustainable considerations. This is likely due to the fact that agri-food systems that were vulnerable during the COVID-19 pandemic and whose accessibility was threatened set themselves the goal of becoming sustainable [70]. Comparing the papers including I4.0 considerations with the corresponding industrial sector, it emerges that the logistics sector, with 13 papers, is the most cutting-edge one (Table 3). This result is probably due to the importance of information sharing during transportation activities; that sharing is increasingly possible in real-time, thanks to new technologies. In addition, in the maritime sector, for example, increasing emphasis is placed on the use of fully automated logistics terminals [112]. The top five industrial contexts, by number of articles, which also include sustainability considerations are shown in Table 4; again, the logistics sector is the most populous. This may be due to the increasing focus on reducing the environmental impact of logistics activities [29]. The second-ranked sector is the food industry, followed by agribusiness, with 7 and 6 papers, respectively.