## 2 Materials and Methods
### Data Analysis  
The 4D Flow MRI datasets were processed using an-house MATLAB library (The MathWorks Inc., Natick, MA, USA), which included the registration of the b-SSFP cine and 4D Flow MR images, interpolation of the b-SSFP images, segmentation of the LV, and generation of the finite element mesh (Figure 1).  
The Eidolon software was used to perform the registration between the multi-slice b-SSFP and the 4D Flow MRI (King's College London, London, UK) [27]. To obtain a smooth tetrahedral mesh, we doubled the number of slices in the b-SSFP images by using a cubic interpolation of values at neighboring grid points in each respective dimension, obtaining a final voxel size of 1.43 \(\times\) 1.43 \(\times\) 4.04 mm\({}^{3}\). LV endocardi was automatically segmented throughout all cardiac phases in the short-axis cine b-SSFP images, using the image analysis software Segment v2.2R6410 (Medviso AB, Lund, Sweden) [28; 29; 30]. The segmentation was visually inspected and manually corrected if needed. Segmentations c were then used to generate a binary mask. Afterward, we created a tetrahedral mesh using the iso2 mesh MATLAB Toolbox [31]. Once the mesh was constructed, we computed the velocity vector at each mesh node from the 4D Flow datasets using a cubic interpolation. 3D maps of vorticity, helicity density, viscous dissipation, energy loss, and kinetic energy fields were then calculated using a previously published finite element approach [9; 10; 11; 25]. The description of the equations used to calculate each hemodynamic parameter is presented  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & & & & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**DCM Group**} \\ \cline{2-6}  & **HV** & **DCM** & \(p\)**-Value** & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**LVEF \(\geq\) 50**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**LVEF \(<\) 50**} \\  & & & & **(Complete-Responders)** & **(Non-Responders)** & \(p\)**-Value** \\ \hline
**N** & 12 & 13 & & 5 & 8 \\
**Age (years)** & 39 (27.55) & 51 (29.62) & 0.060 & 40 (29.62) & 53 (44.58) & 0.502 \\
**Gender (femalemale)** & 57 & 6.7 & 0.821 & 32.2 & 35.5 & 0.429 \\
**Weight (kg)** & 68 (50,111) & 83 (43,116) & 0.213 & 90 (72,116) & 72.5 (43,95) & 0.071 \\
**Height (cm)** & 173 (163,188) & 168 (155,178) & 0.203 & 168 (163,178) & 166.5 (155,175) & 0.454 \\
**HR (ppm)** & 64 (58.78) & 65 (56,101) & 0.743 & 65 (56,101) & 67.5 (57,89) & 0.698 \\
**EF (\%)** & 62.7 (54.69) & 46 (29,66) & \textless{}0.001 * & 55 (51,66) & 44 (29,48) & 0.002 * \\
**LVSV (mL)** & 95.5 (63.12.92) & 62 (53.12.0) & 0.039 * & 61 (53.89) & 79 (55.132.1) & 0.183 \\
**CO (L/min)** & 6 (44.48.79) & 6.1 (44.47.9) & 0.327 & 6.3 (52.79) & 5.9 (45.47.7) & 0.524 \\
**LVEDV (mL)** & 153 (105.6,197.1) & 199 (125,364.2) & 0.015 * & 187 (151,201) & 219.5 (125,364.2) & 0.050 * \\
**LVESV (mL)** & 51 (39,88) & 92 (37,232.1) & 0.004 * & 75 (37,92) & 125 (68,232.1) & 0.045 * \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 1: Demographical and clinical data for healthy and DCM patients. All quantitative data are expressed as the median (range). HR: Heart Rate, EF: Ejection Fraction, LVSV: Left Ventricle Stroke Volume, CO: Cardiac Output, LVEDV: Left Ventricle End-Diastolic Volume, and Left Ventricle End-Syststolic Volume. * indicates statistically significant differences (\(p\)\(<\) 0.05).  
in Table S1. The parameters were averaged at peak systole, e-wave, and end-diastole using one timeframe before and after to reduce noise in the data.