# A Systematic Review of Computer Vision and AI in Parking Space Allocation in a Seaport
## 2 Methodology: Conducting a Systematic Review
### Data Extraction Process
#### 2.5.2 Collaborative Data Extraction
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt}} \hline
**Author** & **Year** & **Type of Study** & **Problem** & **Explanation/Solution/Conclusion** \\ \hline [PERSON], \& [PERSON] [26] & 2020 & Review & Digital technologies at seaports & Studied and concluded the advantages of using digital technologies at seaports. The authors highlighted the use of technologies such as IoT, ML, AI, various sensors, and twin technologies for optimizing seaport services. & The authors surveyed 313 members of the Korean Port Logistics Association and concluded with partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) that will help in keeping a check on customer satisfaction. & Reviewed all the possible ports and concluded how various information systems are optimizing the seaports. Starting from gate allotment to truck to container recognition, from vessel traffic control to seaport communication, the authors have mentioned every detail. However, the authors also mentioned that there is still a need for multidisciplinary research for optimizing seaports. & Reviewed all the possible ports and concluded how various information systems are optimizing the seaports. Starting from gate allotment to truck to container recognition, from vessel traffic control to seaport communication, the authors have mentioned every detail. However, the authors also mentioned that there is still a need optimizing seaports. & The study mentions a truck appointment system where the driver informs about their arrival and details in advance through an e-port. This avoids long queues at the gate. \\ \hline
**[PERSON], [PERSON] et al. [29]** & 2017 & Analytical study of 32 innovation cases of information and communication technology (ICT). & Digitalization in the sector & The study mentions a truck appointment system where the driver informs about their arrival and details in advance through an e-port. This avoids long queues at the gate. \\ \hline
**[PERSON], [PERSON] et al. [30]** & 2022 & Thematic review analysis & Is digitalization in seaports good or not & The authors have concisely selected and analyzed different digitalization systems in seaports. However, the authors mentioned the risk of scooping and manipulation of data. \\ \hline
**[PERSON], [PERSON], [PERSON], [PERSON], [PERSON], [PERSON], \& [PERSON] [31]** & 2019 & Research and proposed vessel-dependent time windows (VDWT) model & Reducing long queuing at the gate & Using the hybrid genetic algorithm, the authors have built a new model named the'vessel-dependent time window'. In this, the trucks book their arrival time, which is used in lane allotment and container shifting. \\ \hline
**[PERSON] et al. [32]** & 2019 & Research & Truck guidance systems using digital techniques in seaports & The study encourages the installation of a truck guidance system in the seaport because once the truck is dispatched for container collection or delivery the truck should have information about parking availability, container area, and the queue at the gate. \\ \hline
**[PERSON] [33]** & 2021 & Research article & Examining the quality of seaports while they adopt changes for Industrial Revolution 4.0 & Malaysia Seaport has adopted various changes for IR 4.0. Hamburg Port authorities have \"SmartPort\". This helps in making the seaport digital and work in real-time. \\ \hline
**[PERSON], \& [PERSON] [34]** & 2016 & Research article on dayage optimization & Optimization of the dayage system at seaports. & The authors have identified the need to optimize the dayage system at the seaport. They have proposed a model where the trucks must make an appointment and each truck is given a time window. The driver must pick up and deliver the container in that specific time window. \\ \hline
**[PERSON], [PERSON], \& [PERSON] [35]** & 2017b & Research article & Optimization of inter-terminal truck routes to avoid traffic & The authors highlighted a major issue. Inside the port, the containers are constantly moved from one place to another. Therefore, it is necessary to optimize the lane and truck routes in a way that there is no traffic inside the seaport. The authors proposed a model using two greedy heuristics and two hybrid simulated annealing algorithms. The model was able to improve routes within seconds at the port of Hamburg. \\ \hline \end{tabular}
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