## 2 Literature Review  
Scholars both domestically and internationally have conducted extensive research in the relevant fields mentioned above. Regarding the new generation of information technology, [PERSON] (1948) posited that the value of information lies in reducing uncertainty and increasing certainty, aligning perfectly with the essence of emergency management [6]. Information technology serves as a crucial technical guarantee for achieving the modernization and intelligence transformation of emergency management. [PERSON] et al. (2022) proposed that leveraging modern information technology is beneficial for planning and implementing emergency management efforts. Emerging technologies such as the Internet, geographic information systems (GIS), remote sensing, satellite communications, radar communications, mobile communications, and wireless network systems can provide support for establishing an infrastructure for emergency management information [7]. [PERSON] et al. (2017) [8] and [PERSON] et al. (2015) [9] suggested that smart cities' platforms and adopted modern technologies can assist in all stages of emergency management work by enabling prediction, monitoring, and response to emergencies. [PERSON] et al. (2020) believed that the new generation of digital technology will revolutionize traditional decision-making modes in emergency management. Sensor networks are pivotal technologies within the Internet of Things paradigm offering novel research directions for urban emergency management [10]. [PERSON] et al. (2012) mentioned that the Internet of Things connects people, objects, and the Internet more accurately [11], and its key technologies include RFID technology, sensor network technology, intelligent technology, etc. [PERSON] et al. (2021) found that the Internet of Things plays a positive role in disaster relief, rescue, response, and recovery and can promote communication between professionals, provide reliable data and more accurate prediction, personnel tracking, material and drug distribution, etc., [12]. [PERSON] et al. (2013) believed that the computer accessed the server of the rescue Internet of Things gateway through the HTTP protocol using the IE browser and displayed the rescue request information sent by the front-line rescuers of the earthquake rescue in real time on the command center computer. At the same time, the command center could send response signals to the rescue handheld terminals of the rescue personnel at the scene who sent the request through the IE browser [13]. [PERSON] et al. (2022) believed that the Internet of Things technology could monitor natural disasters in real time in the emergency management platform and develop early warning plans and rescue measures scientifically and reasonably according to the information collected. The Internet of Things technology could also be used to improve the intelligence of rescue equipment and docking the real-time operation data of rescue equipment with the background database of emergency management to realize the remote intelligent command and scheduling of rescue equipment [14]. Cloud computing has super data processing speed, which can process tens of thousands of data in a few seconds. Cloud computing can store and calculate massive emergency data in the emergency management platform and can realize real-time monitoring. It can also realize remote collaborative office through the cloud platform, and all personnel are not restricted by geographical location and can communicate and share information in real time, greatly improving the efficiency of emergency management. Big data are a huge collection of data, which far exceeds the processing capacity of traditional database software in acquisition and analysis. At the technical level, big data and cloud computing are often inseparable, and big data must be processed by distributed architecture relying on cloud computing. [PERSON] et al. (2017) further studied the positive role of big data in reducing human suffering and economic losses caused by natural disasters [15].