## 1 Introduction
### Related Research
#### 1.1.3 Future Weather Scenarios  
For the generation of future weather scenarios, General Circulation Models (GCMs) are downscaled from their worldwide scale of typically 1-5\({}^{\circ}\) latitude and longitude [50] (i.e., about 111-555 km) to regional scale high-resolution Regional Climate Models (RCMs) with a resolution of 4 km or less [51]. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [52] introduced four statistical downscaling approaches: regression, weather pattern approaches, stochastic weather generators, and limited-area climate models. [PERSON] et al. [53] further refined these approaches to dynamical downscaling, stochastic weather generation, interpolation, and introduced morphing. While dynamical downscaling is computationally expensive, stochastic weather generation requires large input data sets, and interpolation may lead to biased resulting data; the proposed morphing technique has low computational cost and builds upon real climate data [53]. However, even though this technology produces consistent future weather data based on future climate predictions, the resulting characteristics are still mainly influenced by the input weather data and, thus, do not reflect changed characteristics and variability (e.g., heat waves) in future climate [53].  
[PERSON] et al. [54] present a recent critical review on these generation approaches of future weather data for building performance simulation, giving advice for the choice of future weather files according to the application (i.e., energy analysis, thermal resilience, HVAC design, utility analysis). For the analysis of thermal resilience, they recommend the use of future extreme weather data instead of typical year weather data. However, morphed weather data (unable to reflect actual future weather variability) was still used in related research [54].  
[PERSON] and [PERSON] [55] presented a review on existing climate research. They discovered that more than half of their 47 analyzed studies (2015 and newer) used the outdated weather data of CMIP3 (Phase 3 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP), supporting the fourth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) based on weather data mostly generated in 2005 and 2006: [[https://pcmdi.github.i](https://pcmdi.github.i)]([https://pcmdi.github.i](https://pcmdi.github.i)) o/mips/cmip3/, accessed on 12 November 2023), partially due to the availability through the CCWorldWeatherGen Tool that easily generates EnergyPlus Weather files. Only five out of the analyzed studies underlined why they chose the selected climate model even though the resulting weather files show high variance and may lead to an erroneous interpretation of the simulation results. The ways to deal with solar radiation data for BPS are manifold in related research, as global horizontal irradiance from GCM and RCM have to be converted to direct normal irradiance and diffuse horizontal irradiance for the use in BPS [55]. They published the results of their study on a continuously updated webpage (FutureWeatherBPS: www.futureweatherbps.com, accessed on 12 November 2023), currently (November 2023) including data from 82 studies and a total of 210 locations.  
[PERSON] et al. [56] propose an open-source morphing tool for future weather data, as the existing tools (CCWorldWeatherGen [50], Weather Morph [57], WeatherShift ([[https://weathershift.com/](https://weathershift.com/)]([https://weathershift.com/](https://weathershift.com/)), accessed on 17 November 2023)) have limited accessibility (i.e., not open-source), rely on outdated data models, or are not free to use and, thus, may not be accessible for researchers with limited funding.  
[PERSON] et al. [58] discuss ten questions on building's and occupants adaptation to climate changes. Considering changes in the outdoor environment and their impact on the buildings, they list general climate trends and local weather conditions, urban microclimate and heat island effects and hazards as influential on thermal resilience of buildings.