## 1 Introduction  
Coal is the main energy source in China [1]. However, the development, processing, and utilization of mineral resources inevitably bring a string of eco-geological environmental problems, such as land subsidence, ground fissures, soil erosion, soil desertification, and vegetation destruction. Coal mining activities occupy and destroy land resources and landform landscapes, making it difficult to restore fragile eco-geological environments. Geological disasters such as ground subsidence cause significant economic losses and casualties [2]. Therefore, a comprehensive assessment of the EGER caused by mining activities contributes to a better management of these potential risks, protecting the environment and human health [3]. EGER can reflect the quality of eco-geological environments [4]. It assesses the risk situation of eco-environments in study areas by analyzing the geological environment, human activities, and current potential factors [5]. In terms of assessment indicators, ecological environment and climate characteristics are widely used in ecological environmental risk assessment. It is worth mentioning that the latest research results take into account the extent of coal mining activities and the surface disturbances they cause. [PERSON] et al. [6] quantified the spatial distribution of coal mining intensity in mining cities by using the production capacity of mining areas in a comprehensive assessment framework. [PERSON] et al. [7]used SBAS-InSAR technology to quantify the impact of mining activities and groundwater extraction on surface disturbance, and incorporated the subsidence rate into the assessment framework, and the calculated results were more consistent with the eco-geological conditions of the study area. From the perspective of EGER assessment methods, the main methods used are Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) [8], Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) [9; 10; 11], and EM [12; 13]. AHP and FAHP are common subjective weighting methods that allow for hierarchical decision-making in complex problems [14; 15]. However, they are highly subjective. Compared to AHP, FAHP requires more mathematical computations and its consistency check is more complex. A single subjective weighting method is limited by the decision-maker's experience and lacks theoretical support for the weights of the original indicators. Entropy is an objective weighting method that can reflect the fluctuation characteristics of the original data and the relationships between the data [16]. However, it is overly dependent on the original data and can easily result in weight distortion. Therefore, this study combines the subjective weight of AHP with the objective weight of the EM to evaluate the EGER, making the assessment results more objective. At present, DInSAR has become an important tool in the field of earth sciences. Through satellite remote sensing data, it can produce high-resolution images and accurately measure surface deformation, including ground subsidence and the formation of ground fissures [17; 18]. [PERSON] et al. established a common framework and related procedures for the analysis of urban subsidence, which were applied and validated in the Campania region of Italy [19]. [PERSON] et al. used DInSAR technology to analyze ground deformation in the Bucaramanga region and explored its relationship with regional tectonic activity and geological hazards [20]. The non-invasive nature of this technology makes it an ideal tool for studying and monitoring EGER. By combining DInSAR technology with ecological data, we can gain an in-depth understanding of the relationship between geological environments and ecosystems, revealing the impacts of coal mining activities on eco-geological environments. The eco-geological environmental issues of mining areas are increasingly attracting the attention of local decision-makers.