# Genomic Insights into Two Endophytic Strains:
## 3 Results  
Identification, characteristics, and the plant growth-stimulating attributes of the endophytic strains.  
The result obtained from carrying out the exercise to determine the morphological and molecular characteristics of the isolated endophytic strains indicated that the two isolates were _Stentrophonomas geniculata_ strain NWUBe21 and _Pseudomonas carnis_ strain NWUBe30. The Gram reaction for _S. geniculata_ NWUBe21 indicated that it is Gram-negative and rod in shape, while _P. carnis_ strain NWUBe30 was found to be Gram-negative and rod in shape. The two endophytic strains possess the ability to use starch, maltose, glucose, fructose, and sucrose. They were also found to be nitrate reducers and were oxidase positive. Moreover, the biochemical profile of the isolates revealed their ability to use citrate as a carbon source and that they are catalase and nitrate positive. Both organisms are also indole and Voges-Proskaeur negative and do not ferment mannose, sorbitol, melibiose, maltose, or lactose. The ribosomal ribonucleacid (rRNA) 16S gene amplification of _S. geniculata_ strain NWUBe21 and _P. carnis_ strain NWUBe30 yielded the expected 1400 bp amplicon size and also the expected base size for plant growth-improving glucose dehydrogenase (GCD) and petrobactin siderophore. The (Asb) biosynthetic gene was amplified (Figure 1). The phylogeny relatedness of the two endophytic strains _S. geniculata_ NWUBe21 and _P. carnis_ NWUBe30 to other closely related bacterial strains in the Genbank is presented in Figure 2A,B, which show 100% similarity with other similar strains. The beneficial in vitro plant growth-stimulating attributes are likewise represented in (Table 1).  
Genomic Features of the Endophytic Pseudomonas carnis Strain NWUBe30 and Stentrophonomas geniculata Strain NWUBe21  
The genome of _Pseudomonas carnis_ strain NWUBe30 was assembled into 23 contigs consisting of 5,901,107 bp and an average G+C content of 60.2%. The total genes that were predicted amounted to 6306, while for the pseudogenes, it was 280 and 87 for the tRNA operons. In addition, the genomic features of _Stentrophonomas geniculata_ strain NWUBe21 were assembled into 410 contigs and a bp size of 5,120,194, with the G+C percentage content being 64.79. Additionally, the total genes that were predicted amounted to 6234, while for the pseudogenes, it was 169 and 63 tRNA operons. More features of the genome are presented in (Table 2). The RAST annotation categorizes the genes into 427 and 377 subsystems for _Stentrophonomas geniculata_ strain NWUBe21 and _Pseudomonas carnis_ strain NWUBe30, respectively. An overview of these two genomes is shown in Figure 3A,B and this was created by means of the PATRIC online platform. The circular view shows the contigs and the coding and noncoding features, the antimicrobial resistance genes, the drug targets, and the G+C content of the genome. Different genes for the respective metabolisms, namely carbohydrate, protein, amino acid derivatives, aromatic compounds, iron (and its  
Figure 1: Endophytic bacterial strains _S. geniculata_ NWUBe21 and _P. carnis_ NWUBe30; amplified genes for 16S rRNA; the glucose dehydrogenase gene (Gcd), and the petrobactin siderophore biosynthetic gene (Asb). M = 1 kb ladder; L1 = _S. geniculata_ NWUBe21; L2 = _P. carnis_ NWUBe30.  
acquisition secondary metabolisms and several others), stress response, and membrane transport, were present. AntiSMASH predicted the presence of 15 biosynthetic gene clusters in the genomes of _Pseudomonas carnis_ strain NWUBe30 and for Stenotrophomonas geniculata strain NWUBe21 genome; it also predicted six biosynthetic gene clusters that are responsible for secondary metabolite synthesis. The predicted genes included fengycin, lassopeptide, siderophore, viscosin, pyoverdin, arylpolyene, herlactone, and betalactone (Table 3).