## 3 System-Level Configuration
### System-Level Simulations
In the case of the maximum number of users, there is almost no difference in the achieved throughput between lines 27%BS + 73%,25 RB and 68%BS + 32%RIS,11 RB. When compared to lines 100%BS + 0%RIS, the throughput gains are between 29% for 11 PRBs and 53% for 25 PRBs. Figure 15 presents the average coverage versus transmitted power for both \(N_{c}\) = 132 (11 PRB) and \(N_{c}\) = 300 (25 PRB), with a maximum transmitted power of 30 mW (14.8 dBm), corresponding to the throughput performance illustrated in Table 1.1 As expected, there is a direct correspondence between the throughput performance of Figure 14 and the associated coverage of Table 1.2 In terms of performance of coverage, the differences between 11 PRBs or 25 PRBs per user are higher than with throughput. We observed that for 11 PRBs with the maximum transmitted power, a highest coverage of 99% was achieved for both 576 and 2304 RIS panels. However, the coverage for 25 PRBs per user is higher when the RIS panels have 2304 elements compared to 576 elements, not only for 30 mW, but also for all transmitted power intervals. The lowest coverage values are 67% and 77%, corresponding both to non-activated RIS panels, i.e., 100%BS + 0%RIS,25 RB and 100%BS + 0%RIS,11 RB, respectively. The corresponding coverage gains are between 29% for 11 PRBs and 48% for 25 PRBs. This is in accordance with thro  
Table 1.3 Throughput vs. number of users for the factory scenario for two different resource blocks, and RIS panels. \(N_{tx}\) = 256, \(N_{rx}\) = 16, \(N_{s}\) = 3 (low BS antenna height and \(P_{tx}\) = 30 mW). The average coverage of the factory scenario (Figure 15) is slightly higher than the coverage of the stadium scenario (Figure 12). In Figure 16, we consider the factory scenario, illustrating the aggregate throughput for each sector versus the number of PRBs per user, considering the maximum transmit power of 14.8 dBm. We evaluate the sector throughput for a specific number of PRBs, namely, 1 PRB, 5 PRBs, 11 PRBs, 18 PRBs and 25 PRBs. A total of 1 PRB per user resulted in \(N_{c}=12\), with 5 PRBs per user resulting in \(N_{c}=60\), and 11 PRBs per user resulting in \(N_{c}=132\). A total of 18 PRBs per user resulted in \(N_{c}=216\), and finally, 25 PRBs per user resulted in \(N_{c}=300\) subcarriers. The number of users per sector when each user has 1 PRB is \(3300/12=275\). In total, there are six sectors in the stadium; thus, there were a maximum of 1650 active users. For the case wherein every active user has 25 PRBs, there are \(3300/300=11\) users per sector, and the total number of active users in the factory is 66. We observe in Figure 15 that for the red curve LBS (100%BS + 0%RIS) where the BS UPA antenna is at 2 m height, there is a maximum throughput for 1 PRB, which is the same for both curves: BS + RIS (black) and HBS (pink). For 5 PRBs, 11 PRBs, and 18 PRBs per user, there is a clear linear decrease in the throughput of the red curve compared to the black curve (BS + RIS), which has almost the same constant throughput. The decrease in throughput continues with 25 PRBs, but in a slower way. The pink curve HBS with the BS UPA antenna at 8 m height also has a decreasing aggregate throughput per sector for an increasing number of PRBs. However, there is only a very slight decrease with the increasing number of PRBs. When users are served by a BS at 8 m height, there is almost no interference from the high clutter density because the height of clutter is 6 m. The reason that transmitting higher number of PRBs per user decreases the throughput has to do with packets of large size that are more likely to suffer deep fades. The link diversity of RIS + BS is provided by the C-RAN operation that is able to prevent a decrease in throughput. Table 1.4 Coverage vs. transmission power for the factory scenario for \(N_{tx}=256\), \(N_{rx}=16\), with two different numbers of resource blocks and RIS panels.