# GIS and BIM as Integrated Digital Environments for Modeling and Monitoring of Historic Buildings
## 5 Conclusions  
Within this study, ICT environments, and more specifically GIS and BIM, were utilized as integrated digital environments aiming towards the structural assessment of a historic building. Qualitative and quantitative information derived from the elaboration of multidisciplinary results, provided information regarding the current state of preservation, thus assisting the decision making towards the selection of the necessary restoration materials and intervention works. Furthermore, data deriving from a spatial information system were incorporated within an HBIM. This integration provided crucial information regarding the structural assessment of the building, through the 2D to 3D process, thus introducing the interoperability of these two information systems. Nevertheless, the adaptation of the 2D vector layers (GIS environment) within a BIM is not illustrated  
Figure 25: Diagram demonstrating the monitoring of a structure by incorporating multidisciplinary data in an ICT environment, as well as the multidisciplinary results that can derive from the implementation of the proposed methodology. herein, since major compatibility issues regarding ontologies still exist. Further research in this scientific field may provide the integration of these two information systems. In addition, the integration between laser scanning and photogrammetric products leads to a 3D model of a historic building and/or 3D textured point cloud that can, then, be converted into a BIM environment. The presented process provides valuable information regarding the creation of a HBIM including elaborated nondestructive testing results in the element creation process. Although in the past few years there has been an immerse interest towards HBIM creation, there is still a lot of research to be conducted by incorporating building material information, not just as an input when forming an element, but as a feature enclosing all the relative information. Furthermore, implementation and integration within a FEM of the HBIM, could facilitate towards a comprehensive and concise model where multidisciplinary study results can be embedded and correlated with the structural assessment of the building, thus leading to the optimum restoration works and assuring its health monitoring through time. Moreover, BIM software presents the capability of integrating metadata via a database or spreadsheets in BIM environment, thus achieving the inclusion of other multidisciplinary information. The main step towards ensuring sustainability of a cultural heritage asset is the inclusion of other parameters as well, encapsulating not only degradation patterns and building materials, but also, the impact of environmental loads, such as variations in temperature and humidity. The proposed methodology applied on the case study of Villa Klonaridi demonstrates that within an information system, decay phenomena can be mapped, classified and assessed, employing information regarding the structure's history. It is demonstrated that the incorporation of multidisciplinary data of a cultural heritage asset, within GIS and HBIM systems, support diagnosis of actual and real causes of degradation, by employing information from their database systems, which contain all the qualitative and quantitative information in a 2D and 3D environment respectively. The representation of the geometry and the different construction phases of a historic building, offers a holistic approach, advancing from a fragmented knowledge based system into an established multilateral and multidisciplinary information system, where monitoring of a historic building can be accomplished and future restoration works can be applied, minimizing the threats and risks of the past. Further research is necessary, especially regarding the connection and link between HBIM systems, databases and further integration of non-destructive techniques results, which can offer updated information regarding the preservation state of a building as well as its structural integrity.