# E-Waste Reverse Supply Chain: A Review and Future Perspectives
## 4 E-Waste Reverse Supply Chains
### Factors of Implementation  
There are several factors that need to be considered before making decisions about RSC implementation. Analysing factors influencing RSC practices can suggest useful guidelines for top management in RSC implementation since this practice can affect the performance of the company in long-term goals. The summary of different factors of e-waste RSC implementation is shown in Table 3. [PERSON] and [PERSON] (2019) presented a conceptual model considering both external and internal elements which can affect the implementation of RSC practices in electronic companies in China. The internal factors consist of strategic consideration, financial issues, management skills and technical issues while external factors include public awareness, environmental regulations, economic evaluation, systems and collaboration. The research found that financial support and better tax policies can assist electronic companies with the investment cost of RSC operation. [PERSON] et al. (2019) proposed key four determinants (i.e., economic elements, regulations, corporate citizenship, and environmental and green issues) considered in implementing RSC operation for end-of-life computers by using an analytic network process (ANP) technique. A study was conducted by [PERSON] et al. (2018) investing and ranking three key factors (financial needs, environmental needs and social requirements) affecting RSC implementation in Taiwanese electronic companies by utilizing the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP). They found that financial needs is the most important criteria while environmental and social needs place the second and third priorities, respectively. In Brazil, [PERSON] et al. (2019) applied an integrated approach between strategic analysis and problem structuring method to determine four main actions, such as strategic consideration, environmental awareness, economic concerns and social awareness considered in e-waste RSC practice. The study suggested that apart from the responsibility of government and electronic companies in RSC implementation, it is important to educate consumers to return or dispose of their end-of-life products in a proper place. A framework for EoL computer recycling in RSC operation in Australia was obtained by [PERSON] and [PERSON] (2019). They investigated the key factors influencing the implementation of computer recycling through the mapping process and indicated that the available resource, the quantity and quality of recyclable items and the coordination of recycling activities are vital for the recycling operation. Further, other factors, like government regulations, incentives and the demand of customers are considered as key drivers. Research regarding important factors influencing the incentive dependency of residents to involve in e-waste RSC practice in Iran was conducted by [PERSON] et al. (2019). The primary data were collected through the interview of 148 residents in Iran. The results indicated that 58.7% of inhabitants would take part in e-waste RSC practice without any incentive. The income and size of household, education background, level of e-waste awareness and marital status are key elements that affect the incentive dependency of residents. To determine the consumers to return e-waste in European nations, a research was conducted by [PERSON] et al. (2019). In the research, the integrated method including quantitative (implementing a survey) and qualitative (visiting electronics industries and interviews) approaches have been applied. Similarly, a survey of 750 customers using mobile phones in India was implemented by [PERSON] and [PERSON] (2019). The research found that return purpose is considered as a mediator variable in the estimation of return habit. In addition, the perception of behaviour, willingness, and social and moral norms were recognized as vital factors for return intention. [PERSON] et al. (2019) conducted a study regarding the management of electronic waste in Surabaya city in Indonesia.