## 4 Discussion  
This study evidences the development of functional changes in the peripheral neuronal conduction of the motor and sensory fibers in the nerves of the upper extremities in shooters following six months of regular training. This conclusion is drawn from the results of the  
Figure 3: Examples of sEMG, ENG, MEP recordings of healthy volunteer and shooter for comparison. Note different amplification of MEP recordings; they were four times more amplified in the case of the shooter as indicated by the numbers close to the vertical bars. Abbreviations: rEMG—amplitude at rest, mcEMG—amplitude during maximal contraction, ENG—electroneuronography, and MEP—motor-evoked potential induced transvertebrally at cervical level. M-wave ENG exams. In addition, the studies of antidromic stimulation in the ENG tests also revealed subclinical signs of the consequences of C6-C7 disc-root conflicts. These pathologies were accompanied by increased muscle tension and decreased activity in the motor units in both the proximal and distal muscles in the upper extremities of the shooters, which were found on the basis of sEMG recordings. The above-mentioned abnormalities resulted in a decrease in the amplitude parameters of the MEP recordings in relation to the reference values determined with the healthy controls, which indicated a change in the total effect transmission from the cervical motor centers to the effectors. The graph in Figure 4 summarizes the main results of this study. The question arises whether the above-mentioned pathologies could have been present in the subjects before the required recruitment for this study, the 6-month shooting training period. However, it should be remembered that, during the screening clinical trials, the subjects could not report any subjective symptoms (even subclinical ones), confirming the development of upper limb pathologies or cervical pain. Interestingly, two shooters developed CTS in both hands, and all suffered from brachial plexus neuropathies on both sides, suggesting that the recoil hit at the wrist is not the only cause. Holding a shooting position for a long time probably leads to such results. This claim can be reinforced by the results of studies in which shooters suffer from low back pain as often as weightlifters, proving that this discipline significantly affects the tissues at the level of the spine [18]. Moreover, [PERSON] et al. [19] found a positive correlation between shooting scores in the standing position and abnormalities in the muscular strength of the lower limbs and upper body. These results were displayed in military field training; however, it can also be assumed that sport shooters, in order to achieve high accuracy, must increase the strength of their postural muscles and overload their tissues at the level of the spine. However, we cannot rule out that the extended arm can transmit sufficient recoil force to the proximal levels of the upper limb and hit the nerves on the opposite side as well. There is also the possibility of the long-term impact of the inorganic lead fumes produced by shooting, due to their neurotoxic properties, affecting the development of neuropathy [20]. The most plausible explanation for our results involves the combined effect of all these factors. However, the latter is least likely, as the shooting range of the clubbers seemed to be properly ventilated. The knowledge provided in this study can be used in clinical practice by sports and military physicians as well as general practitioners to detect neuropathy before it leads to serious complications and thus a reduction in the quality of life. Understanding that shooters are at a higher risk of this type of injury, it would be prudent to find ways to mitigate the nerve effects associated with this sport with innovative technologies; the creation of ergonomic workplaces and the strengthening of healthy postures in everyday life should be promoted.