# Developing Project Managers' Transversal Competences Using Building Information Modeling
## 5 Discussion
In the experience analyzed, the highest scoring emotions were despondency, worry, and enthusiasm. In any case, the score was not very high compared to previously conducted studies [66]. Within the scope of the BIM methodology, Suwal and Singh [57] analyzed the students' feelings towards a BIM learning platform. Their results showed that the students' feelings were mainly positive. Lassen et al. [50] showed that the use of BIM in university teaching leads to an increase in student motivation. Our results show quite flat emotional performance. Previous work has shown an improvement in emotional performance (positive emotions superior to negative) associated with use of BIM [57], gamification [54; 66], or flipped classroom [56; 65; 85] in disciplines of science, engineering, architecture and mathematics (STEM). Our results seem to indicate that the use of an active methodology, in our case PBL, does not necessarily mean an increase in emotional performance. It is be necessary to investigate if the incorporation of elements of gamification or flipped classroom can improve this emotional performance. With regard to usefulness, a constant in technical studies is the lack of motivation of the students [49]. As previously shown, BIM can contribute to increasing student motivation [50]. Previously studies have shown that BIM has potential benefits for project managers [57]. Sacks and Pikas [30] pointed out that BIM can help students become aware of the complexity of projects. Zou et al. [59] studied the opinion of students regarding the usefulness of BIM. In their work, students appreciate that BIM contributes to architectural design, structural design, building services design, and management of the construction process. Zhang et al. [43] pointed out that BIM activities, according to student's opinions, helped them to study and work. In previous studies, students pointed out that the use of BIM at the university was very interesting [29], because it would allow them to obtain skills valued in the labor market and a greater connection with industry [50]. The utility values provided by students in previous studies are superior to those obtained in this study. The results shown in Figure 1 show a generational change in the students. As Macdonald and Granroth [83] previously pointed out, the \"Google Generation\" has arrived in university classrooms. Students are currently looking for information on the Internet (e.g., through video tutorials) rather than using a textbook. This is certainly a challenge for universities. Students sometimes prefer Massive Open Online Courses and low-cost courses over traditional classes [83]. In our opinion, a possible alternative in order to improve the results of this initiative could be to use the flipped classroom methodology. Recent studies have shown a positive effect of this methodology on university teaching [56; 65; 85; 86]. It favors the active participation of students, contributes to the self-regulation of the teaching-learning process, and improves emotional performance. In a similar way to the proposal of Boeykens et al. [40], students have available a series of video tutorials to help them in the process of elaboration of the project. The inclusion of these videos can be enriched with forums that can be developed online [40]. These initiatives have been explored by other authors [87]. Table 5 suggests it is necessary to realize methodological changes in the university classes, as demanded by students (Table 5). Finally, it is crucial to control the total duration of the activities designed in the course [40; 43; 88]. In the experience analyzed, students claim to have spent 56.58 h on the project (std: 42.69); this duration is one third of the total load of the course (150 h). The workload is greater than initially foreseen in the syllabus. Students communicated to the teachers that they were overburdened. This aspect may be inferring in the development of the activity.