## 8 Effect of TiO\({}_{2}\) Modifier  
TiO\({}_{2}\) when added to glass protects its optical efficiency [55]. Table 7 summarizes the mass attenuation coefficients of the studied glass with different fractions of TiO\({}_{2}\) at a wide photon energy range from 10 keV to 20 MeV. On the other hand, Table 8 summarizes the neutron effective removal cross sections of the studied glass with different fractions of TiO\({}_{2}\). It can be seen that the photon-shielding capabilities of glass have decreased with the addition of the TiO\({}_{2}\) modifier while the neutron-shielding capabilities are enhanced.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Neutron Energy (keV)**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Pure Glass**} & \multicolumn{6}{c}{**Glass with MgO Modifier**} \\ \cline{3-7}  & & **1\%** & **5\%** & **10\%** & **15\%** & **20\%** \\ \cline{2-7}  & & & **Mass Attenuation Coefficients (cm\({}^{2}\)/g)** & & \\ \hline
10 & 87.95085 & 87.75000 & 86.94746 & 85.94492 & 84.94153 & 83.93814 \\
20 & 25.89585 & 25.73653 & 25.09958 & 24.30331 & 23.50703 & 22.71076 \\
30 & 8.96042 & 8.90263 & 8.67136 & 8.38223 & 8.09314 & 7.80404 \\
40 & 4.19727 & 4.16959 & 4.05889 & 3.92050 & 3.78212 & 3.64374 \\
50 & 2.34578 & 2.33036 & 2.26865 & 2.19153 & 2.11440 & 2.03726 \\
60 & 1.47964 & 1.47014 & 1.43218 & 1.38471 & 1.33725 & 1.28978 \\
70 & 1.01940 & 1.01314 & 0.98813 & 0.95686 & 0.92558 & 0.89431 \\
80 & 0.74652 & 0.74215 & 0.72468 & 0.70284 & 0.68101 & 0.65917 \\
90 & 0.56917 & 0.56606 & 0.55364 & 0.53812 & 0.52260 & 0.50708 \\
100 & 1.23792 & 1.22780 & 1.18728 & 1.13664 & 1.08599 & 1.03535 \\
200 & 0.29551 & 0.29383 & 0.28710 & 0.27869 & 0.27029 & 0.26188 \\
300 & 0.16353 & 0.16295 & 0.16061 & 0.15768 & 0.15475 & 0.15182 \\
400 & 0.12114 & 0.12086 & 0.11972 & 0.11831 & 0.11689 & 0.11548 \\
500 & 0.10067 & 0.10051 & 0.09986 & 0.09905 & 0.09823 & 0.09742 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 7: The photon mass attenuation coefficients of the studied glass with TiO\({}_{2}\) modifier.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Photon Energy (keV)**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Pure Glass**} & \multicolumn{6}{c}{**Glass with TiO\({}_{2}\) Modifier**} \\ \cline{3-7}  & & **1\%** & **5\%** & **10\%** & **15\%** & **20\%** \\ \cline{2-7}  & & **Mass Attenuation Coefficients (cm\({}^{2}\)/g)** & & & \\ \hline
10 & 87.95085 & 87.75000 & 86.94746 & 85.94492 & 84.94153 & 83.93814 \\
20 & 25.89585 & 25.73653 & 25.09958 & 24.30331 & 23.50703 & 22.71076 \\
30 & 8.96042 & 8.90263 & 8.67136 & 8.38223 & 8.09314 & 7.80404 \\
40 & 4.19727 & 4.16959 & 4.05889 & 3.92050 & 3.78212 & 3.64374 \\
50 & 2.34578 & 2.33036 & 2.26865 & 2.19153 & 2.11440 & 2.03726 \\
60 & 1.47964 & 1.47014 & 1.43218 & 1.38471 & 1.33725 & 1.28978 \\
70 & 1.01940 & 1.01314 & 0.98813 & 0.95686 & 0.92558 & 0.89431 \\
80 & 0.74652 & 0.74215 & 0.72468 & 0.70284 & 0.68101 & 0.65917 \\
90 & 0.56917 & 0.56606 & 0.55364 & 0.53812 & 0.52260 & 0.50708 \\
100 & 1.23792 & 1.22780 & 1.18728 & 1.13664 & 1.08599 & 1.03535 \\
200 & 0.29551 & 0.29383 & 0.28710 & 0.27869 & 0.27029 & 0.26188 \\
300 & 0.16353 & 0.16295 & 0.16061 & 0.15768 & 0.15475 & 0.15182 \\
400 & 0.12114 & 0.12086 & 0.11972 & 0.11831 & 0.11689 & 0.11548 \\
500 & 0.10067 & 0.10051 & 0.09986 & 0.09905 & 0.09823 & 0.09742 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 6: _Cont._