## 1 Introduction  
Hyperlipidemia is referring to the abnormally high levels of total triglycerides (TG), cholesterol (TC), and lipoproteins in the blood circulation, which is a key contributor to atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease (CAD), acute pancreatitis, and peripheral vascular disease (PVD) [1, 2]. Hyperlipidemia is the best-known disease in connection with a sedentary lifestyle, inherited genetic disorder, high-fat diets, diabetes, and obesity [3]. In recent years, the population of hyperlipidemia has been increasing gradually around the world due to the unhealthy lifestyles, such as smoking, high fat acid (FA) and sugar diets, and physical inactivity [4]. Therefore, synthetic drugs including bile acid binding resins, nicotinic acid derivatives, and cholesterol absorption inhibitors were applied to regulate the lipid levels of plasma [5]; however, their potential toxicities cause great trouble to the patient and limit their long-term applications [6]. In addition, functional foods with abundant hypolipidemic substances enjoy great popularity for the treatment of moderate hyperlipidemia [6; 7]. Therefore, searching for efficient ingredients from natural sources to produce lipid-lowering medicines or health products attracts continuing concern [8]. To date, active ingredients from natural resources including polysaccharides, quinones, alkaloids, flavonoids, steroidal saponins, and proteins and peptides, have been identified as potential hypolipidemic agents because they could accelerate the catabolism of exogenous lipid, suppressing the biosynthesis of endogenous lipids and inhibiting lipid absorption and peroxidation [4; 8; 9; 10]. Among them, food-derived peptides attract extensive attention because they have physiological functions beyond their high nutritional values and can act as drugs and functional products [11; 12; 13; 14]. [PERSON] et al. (2018) purified and identified four peptides including NPVWKRK, NALKCCHSCPA, CANPHELPNK, and LNNPSVCDCDCMMKAAR from protein hydrolysate of _Spiulina platensis_. Among them, NPVWKRK and CANPHELPNK could significantly decrease the accumulation of TG dropping to 23.7% and 19.5% at a concentration of 600 \(\upmu\)g/mL, respectively (\(p<0.05\)) [15]. LYP, IAVPGEVA, and IAVPTGVA from digesting glycinin could improve low-density lipoprotein (LDL) uptake through activating the LDLR-sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP) pathway and act as a competitive inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase (HMGR) to inhibit the biosynthesis of cholesterol [7; 16]. IIAEK from a milk \(\beta\)-lactoglobulin hydrolysate could significantly affect the level of serum cholesterol and display a greater cholesterol-lowering capacity in animal experiments [17]. [PERSON] et al. reported that Glu-Phe (EF) isolated from onion could control the expression of SREBP-1c and its lipogenic target genes to decrease the lipid accumulation in mouse hepatocytes [18]. In an ovariectomized rats model, chickpea peptides (ChPs) decreased the adipose tissue size, body weight, TC, TG, LDL, cholesterol, liver TC and TG, and serum atherogenic index [19]. The mechanism was that ChPs could inhibit the activities of HMGR and FA synthetase (FAS), down-regulate the expression of SREBP-1c and peroxisome proliferatorator-activated receptors (PPAR)\(\gamma\), and up-regulate the expression of estrogen receptor (ER)\(\alpha\), ER\(\beta\), and liver X receptor (LXR)\(\alpha\). Therefore, food-derived peptides play an important role in controlling lipid metabolism and decreasing body FA and may be more appealing to eliminate the side-effects of hyperlipidemia. In recent years, seafood-derived peptides with antihypertensive, antioxidant, and antitumor activities have been characterized from many marine products and their by-products [10; 11; 20; 21; 22]. In contrast, little attention has been paid to peptides with hypoepidemic, anti-obesity, antiatherogenic and cardioprotective effects [2].