## 4 Experimental Results and Analysis
### Analysis of Results  
We notice that devices with higher processing power (HPD) complete key generation and key exchange in a much shorter time compared to LPD. This difference demonstrates  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c} \hline \hline
**Parameter** & \begin{tabular}{c} **Low-Power** \\ **Devices (LPD)** \\ \end{tabular} & \
\begin{tabular}{c} **Medium-Power** \\ **Devices (MPD)** \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} **High-Power** \\ **Devices (HPD)** \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline Public Key Size & 160 bits & 160 bits & 160 bits \\ \hline Private Key Size & 160 bits & 160 bits & 160 bits \\ \hline Key Generation Time & 5 ms & 2 ms & 1 ms \\ \hline Encryption Time & 10 ms & 5 ms & 2 ms \\ \hline Energy Consumption & 2.5 mJ & 1.2 mJ & 0.8 mJ \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 3: Comparison of cryptographic parameters across device types.  
the need to optimize the algorithm for LPD devices, which are more often found in large IoT networks.  
The ECC algorithm, due to the small size of the keys used, consumes minimal energy even for LPD. This feature is essential for maintaining the energy autonomy of IoT networks.  
All devices can easily store the necessary cryptographic keys and data, confirming that the implemented optimizations are effective even for devices with limited memory, such as LPDs.  
The following Table 4 presents a comparison between the proposed ECC algorithm and traditional algorithms such according with NIST general used algorithms. The cryptographic algorithms listed in Table 4 are based on NIST IR 8454 recommendations for lightweight cryptography. References to the original specifications for ASCON and SPON-GENT can be found in NIST--[11] and other variants of implementations [12; 13; 14; 15] and low powered devices [16; 17; 18; 19].  
ASCON is a lightweight cryptographic algorithm that was selected as the standard for authenticated encryption and hashing in the NIST Lightweight Cryptography competition. It is designed for low-power and resource-constrained environments, offering efficient security against various cryptographic attacks while maintaining minimal computational overhead. SPONGET is a lightweight hash function based on the sponge construction. It is optimized for constrained devices, ensuring low memory consumption and energy efficiency. SPONGET is particularly suited for authentication and integrity verification in IoT applications. ECC-160 (elliptic curve cryptography with 160-bit keys) leverages the mathematical properties of elliptic curves to provide robust security with significantly smaller key sizes compared to traditional RSA and Diffie-Hellman approaches. Its efficiency in key exchange and encryption makes it well-suited for IoT devices with limited computational and power resources.  
The results ilustrate that the ECC algorithm is superior in terms of energy efficiency and processing time, ensuring at the same time a high level of security. Classical algorithms, such as RSA and DH, are much more expensive in terms of resources and less suitable for IoT networks.  
The experimental results confirm the viability of the proposed ECC model for securing communications in IoT networks. Compared to classic algorithms, ECC ensures a high level of security and high performance in environments with limited resources, characteristic of IoT.