# Internet of Things in Marine Environment Monitoring: A Review
## 3 A Review of Existing Marine Environment Monitoring Projects and Systems  
Various systems have been developed and deployed for marine environment monitoring during the past couple of decades. Table 1 summarizes the features of reviewed projects and systems under five different application areas as defined in Section 2.1. For completeness and consistency, we kept all the projects and systems summarized in our previous survey [18] and added more from the recent research literature. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Reference** & **Country** & **Sensing Parameters** & **Comm. Protocols** & **Bovy** & **Energy Harvesting** & **Key Features** (including Testing and Deployment) \\ \hline \hline \multicolumn{6}{c}{**Application Area: Ocean Sensing and Monitoring**} \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [24] & Spain & T, P, salinity, intakes, velocity, chlorophyll, and turbidity & GPRS, Zigbee & Special buoy & Solar & LabVIEW-based user interface using Google Maps; Solar energy harvesting Special buoy. Deployed in a farther \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [35] & Sweederc Germany & T, motion, vibration and sound & GPRS & Simple buoy and king’s buoy & No & Design on a advanced low-cost buoy system, tested in real environment \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [35] & USA & T, wave and location & 900 MHz & Mobile minubuoy & No & An autonomous mini-buy prototype (tested in a pool); GPS is used & A Proportionaluclear Intersection (9) mobile-assisted localization scheme; deployed in Heng Kong U of SET campus and Singapore \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [38] & Spain & T, Visible-field, sound & ZigBee and acoustic &? &? & Three for communication architecture transmitting video streaming data; listed on notable of NS-3 \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [39] & UK & T, conductivity, water depth, turbidity &? & Single buoy & No & A multi-layered scalable and adaptive approach of data management; deployed off Scruby sands \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [40] & Australia & T, illuminance & ZigBee & Cylinder waterproof biopsy & Solar & User underwater wireless communication; deployed in the Monetton Bay \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [11] & China & T, velocity and light & ZigBee & Lever buoy & No & The sleep mechanism and lever buoy; deployed off the season \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [42] & China & Water T, DO and pH & ZigBee & Buoys with GPS and PTA & & Position determination and location verification using GPS and PTA (position estimation algorithms); tested in two testbeds \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [40] & Italy & Sweeder humidity, T and moisture & ZigBee & Cylinder waterproof biopsy & Optimal solar energy harvesting power-aware and adaptive DMA protocol- deployed in the Monetton Bay \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [44] & Argentina & T, P, PAR radiation, pH and salinity & ZigBee & Cylinder waterproof biopsy & Solar & A low cost reconfigurable WSN with solar panels; tested in San Diego Gulf \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [45] & Spain & T, P & ZigBee & Special buoy & Solar & A new nonlinearity theory system with solar panels; deployed in Mar Mercer Lagom \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [46] & UK & T, depth, wind speed and direction, humidity, salinity & MADNET routing protocol & Ship &? & Marine data acquisition and cartography system based on VIFB; hybrid Mobile Mobile-Web/Delay Teolerant routing protocol (MADNET), located in North Sea, and English Channel \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [47] & Portugal & T, position & WPL, GPS/U/ITS/ITE, Acoustic & Ship buoy, ASV & No & Used autonomous underwater vehicles (AUV), and autonomous surface vehicles (ASV); tested in Portuguese coast \\ \hline [PERSON] et al. [48] & India &
\begin{tabular}{c} Water T, P, wind speed, wind \\ direction, humidity, cloud \\ cover, turbidity \\ \end{tabular} & GPRS &? &? & Semi/ModelNet is used as an information retrieval tool for processing messages received from nearby marine areas \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Summary of existing marine environment monitoring projects and systems.