## 4 Discussion
### Genetic Variability Vs. Physiological and Yield Characteristics  
Understanding the role of genetic diversity in plant productivity is fundamental to many fields including agriculture, plant breeding, environmental protection, and food security. The impact of genetic diversity on plant performance is complex and covers many aspects, and analyzing the physiological indicators and yield characteristics allows us to better understand this relationship. The genetic features of the tested potato cultivars influenced the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters to varying degrees (Table 3). Here are the most important findings:  
The genetic features of the cultivars did not significantly affect the Fo parameter, but played a significant role in determining the Fm values. The highest Fm values were characterized by the medium-early cultivars \"Oberon\" and \"Satina\", while the remaining cultivars from the same group did not differ significantly. High Fm values for the 'Oberon' and 'Satina' cultivars may suggest that these cultivars have a more efficient photosynthetic mechanism or a higher ability to transfer light energy to chlorophyll in leaf cells. Other cultivars may have lower photosynthetic efficiency or other limitations in the transfer of light energy, leading to lower Fm values. The Fo/Fm ratio, which reflects the efficiency of photosynthesis, was influenced by the genetic characteristics of the tested cultivars compared to the control group. 'Satina', 'Oberon', and 'Jelly' showed significantly higher Fo/Fm ratios, indicating better photosynthetic efficiency (Table 3). Higher Fo/Fm values in the case of 'Satina', 'Oberon', and 'Jelly' may suggest that these cultivars have a better ability to receive and transmit light energy to the photosynthetic process. This means that they have the potential for more efficient photosynthesis than other cultivars. The control group may have lower photosynthetic efficiency, leading to a lower Fo/Fm ratio. Fo\({}^{\prime}\) and Fm\({}^{\prime}\) (parameters after adaptation): the division of cultivars into two groups based on Fo\({}^{\prime}\) and Fm\({}^{\prime}\) values suggests differences in the ability to adapt to changing light conditions, which was also suggested by [PERSON] et al. [15] and [PERSON] and [PERSON] [47]. The parameters Fo\({}^{\prime}\) and Fm\({}^{\prime}\) divided the potato cultivars into two separate groups. The first group with lower Fo\({}^{\prime}\) values included \"Denar\", \"Bellarosa\", \"Gwiazda\", \"Ignacy\", \"Owacja\", \"Vineta\", and \"Kuras\". The second group, led by 'Oberon', showed a significant difference in the Fm\({}^{\prime}\) parameter compared to the other cultivars. The division of cultivars into two groups based on the Fo\({}^{\prime}\) and Fm\({}^{\prime}\) values suggests differences in the ability to adapt to changing light conditions. The group in which the \"Oberon\" cultivar achieved the highest values of these indicators may have a better ability to adapt to changes in light intensity or recover faster after adaptation than the first group, which may be less effective in adapting to changes in the light environment. The results of our research (Table 3) unequivocally confirm the substantial influence of genetic factors on photosynthetic efficiency, as measured by Qp (quantum efficiency of Photosystem II), within the examined potato cultivars. The notably higher photosynthetic efficiency observed in 'Vineta', 'Oberon', 'Satina', 'Jelly', and 'Mondoe', in comparison to the remaining nine cultivars, implies significant disparities in their genetic traits related to photosynthesis. This suggests that these particular cultivars may possess more effective photosynthetic mechanisms or structures that are better suited for light absorption and the execution of photosynthesis. Furthermore, this underscores the potential for selecting appropriate cultivars. The identification of plants with enhanced photosynthetic efficiency holds paramount importance in potato cultivation.