## 3 Results and Discussion
### Exposure Levels for the Monitored Tasks  
The PDE, as well as the ADE, for the different body parts, were determined from the residues found on the dosimeters. The total PDE is the summation of the potential exposure of the body adding the potential exposure of the hands plus the head exposure [11]. Respectively, the total ADE is the sum of the actual exposure of the body plus the actual exposure of the hands plus the head exposure [11]. The results for each body part, as well as for total dermal operator exposure, are presented in Tables 4 and 5 for pesticides A and B, respectively. Summary data expressing exposure results as PDE and ADE for the body, hands, head, and total are depicted in Tables 6 and 7 for mixing/loading and application tasks, respectively. In the case of operators handling pesticide A, the levels of total PDE from M/L ranged from 4 to 27 mg a.s./kg a.s. applied (average 12 mg a.s./kg a.s., geometric mean 9 mg a.s./kg a.s., \(n=3\)), while the respective exposure during application ranged from 106 to 130 mg a.s./kg a.s. applied (average 121 mg a.s./kg a.s., geometric mean 120 mg a.s./kg a.s., \(n=3\)). Regarding pesticide B (afternoon application/re-entry), the PDE from M/L ranged from 65 to 77 mg a.s./kg a.s. applied (average 70 mg a.s. /kg a.s., geometric mean 70, \(n=3\)), and for  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Pesticide**} & \multicolumn{8}{c}{**Mean Recovery of Pesticides a.s. (\(n=3\))**} \\ \cline{2-10}  & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**LOQ \({}^{*}\) Level**} & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**10 \(\times\) LOQ Level**} \\ \cline{2-10}  & **Outer Overall \({}^{\star}\)** & **Inner Overall \({}^{\star\,\text{\text{\text{\text{\text{\text{\text{\text{\text{\text{\text{\text{\text{\text{\text{\text{ \text  
It is evident that the above values for the two pesticides are in the same order of magnitude for the application part. However, when comparing the two pesticides for the M/L part, the exposure for the pesticide B is higher by a factor of 6 or 8 considering the arithmetic and geometric means, respectively. Although this factor is not significant when contemplating the variation of exposure observed in such trials [21,24], a possible cause for this difference might be the anticipated tiredness of the volunteers in the afternoon shift. In the frames of risk analysis, tiredness and associated deterioration of performance and alertness could be regarded as a factor that impacts protective behavior, rendering persons more susceptible to being exposed due to individual cross-contamination incidents (such incidents are more often and intense during handling of undiluted products). Fatigue, due to several shifts, overtime, and prolonged work, as a factor increasing exposure to chemicals, was also reviewed and verified in an effort to examine the associations of long working hours with injuries, performance and health effects ([25] and references therein). It is noted, however, that the results obtained in the present work are comparable to the ones of a previous greenhouse study addressing similar application scenario and coveralls with the value of exposure levels (geometric mean, \(n\) = 10) being 141 mg a.s./kg a.s. [24]. Despite the variability observed during M/L pesticide A and during application of pesticide B, overall, the maximum total PDE levels measured in the study for both pesticides A and B are lower than the exposure of 200 mg/kg a.s. considered in the Dutch Greenhouse Model widely used in the exposure assessment to pesticides for regulatory purposes in the EU. The same conclusion has been derived when comparing the study results to the PDE levels considered for the development of the first version of the Greenhouse Agricultural Operator Exposure Model [17].