# Invisible Shield: Unveiling an Efficient Watermarking Solution for Medical Imaging Security
## 2 Related Works
Utilizing the principal components of the watermark for embedding purposes provided the proposed scheme's resilience against security errors. Additionally, the application of DWT played a pivotal role in enhancing the watermarking scheme by improving imperceptibility and robustness [27]. In this investigation, [PERSON] et al. in [28] detailed a medical image watermarking technique employing a variety of algorithms. The utilization of biometric fingerprint technology notably enhances the security of the watermarking system. The study delved into analyzing various methods, including the RG algorithm, SHA-256, minutiae point extraction, elliptical curve cryptography, arithmetic encoding, and the embedding and extraction processes. The assessment focused on medical image integrity, authentication, and confidentiality. In [29], [PERSON], [PERSON], et al. presented a robust and imperceptible watermarking method to secure medical images utilized in telemedicine. This technique is tailored to ensure traceability and integrity, fortifying the security of crucial medical data within telemedicine. Their paper introduces a blind watermarking methodology designed to secure electronic patient records effectively. The process involves a meticulous amalgamation of successive values' parity. This innovative method is implemented across three insertion domains: spatial, frequency, and multiresolution. The watermark is intricately integrated within the image's colorimetric values for spatial insertion. In the frequency domain, the least significant bit of the Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) coefficients is replaced with the watermark bits. The integration process employs the LL sub-band coefficients obtained post-Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) computation in the multiresolution domain. Upon comparison with recent works in these domains, their approach exhibits noteworthy imperceptibility, particularly in the frequency and spatial domains. In [30], a study by an undisclosed author proposes applying crypto-watermarking for securing medical images in E-healthcare settings. The work presents an effective crypto-watermarking system integrating cryptographic algorithms and embedding processes. This method is adaptable to various modalities of medical images and is suitable for different image sizes, formats, and bit depths. Notably, including face images enhances the security of the crypto-watermarking system. The analysis includes examining the region-growing algorithm, SHA-256, AES, arithmetic encoding, and the embedding and extraction processes. [PERSON] et al. proposed an innovative data concealment technique to share digital medical information between different healthcare facilities securely. Their method involved merging various types of medical data into an encoded image, accessible only to authorized individuals during extraction. However, this approach has limitations, notably in its incapacity to detect tampering or perform self-recovery in the event of data corruption or manipulation [6]. On a different front, [PERSON] and [PERSON] introduced a watermarking system designed to authenticate and ensure the integrity of medical images. While this system allows for complete image recovery without loss, it operates on a non-blind framework, requiring authentication of the original watermark data, such as electronic patient records. This reliance on specific original data presents a weakness, as it could pose challenges if the original information is unavailable or compromised, potentially hindering the verification process. Additionally, the non-blind nature of this method could lead to security vulnerabilities if unauthorized individuals gain access to the original data, compromising the authentication process [31]. Moreover, both techniques might need help with scalability and compatibility in larger healthcare systems, where diverse data formats and multiple access points could pose challenges in implementing and maintaining these security measures across different platforms and systems within various healthcare facilities.