## 4 Results
### Pattern of Arriving Ship's Trajectory
#### 4.1.4 Berthing Phase  
The berthing phase refers to the process of passing the breakwater to passing Todo and berthing and is plotted in the map shown in Figure 11a as Turning Section 3, Leg 3, and Berthing. In passing Todo, the characteristics of the process of passing to the left or right side differ, and so the results are separately plotted, as shown in Figure 11b,c. First, the trajectory pattern of ships berthing by passing Todo on the left side was analyzed. Figure 18 displays a frequency count plot of the SOG in Turning Section 3, Leg 3, and the berthing step through Todo on the left side. Figure 18a shows the frequency counts of Turning Section 3, with 7-7.5 knots being the most common with 28 counts and the average SOG analyzed being 7.50 knots. Figure 18b corresponds to Leg 3, and 64 counts are included at 4-5 knots, indicating the greatest distribution. The average was analyzed as 5.14 counts, which was decelerated to berthing. Finally, Figure 18c shows the SOG at the berthing stage, with an average of 1.09 knots. In particular, as the berthing step consists of slow berthing using tug boats, it occupied the largest percentage with 233 counts, corresponding to 0-0.5 knots. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Scaled**} & \multicolumn{6}{c}{**Speed Over Ground**} & \multicolumn{6}{c}{**Course Over Ground**} \\ \cline{2-11}  & **Mean** & **Std.** & **Min** & **Median** & **Max** & **Mean** & **Std.** & **Min** & **Median** & **Max** \\ \hline
0 & 10.25 & 0.96 & 7.20 & 10.30 & 12.10 & 338.93 & 5.64 & 332.60 & 337.40 & 356.70 \\
1 & 9.44 & 1.08 & 8.00 & 9.90 & 10.40 & 346.56 & 11.67 & 333.90 & 344.20 & 359.80 \\
2 & 10.02 & 0.90 & 8.40 & 10.30 & 11.40 & 340.29 & 4.57 & 333.00 & 339.20 & 348.80 \\
3 & 10.00 & 0.72 & 8.00 & 10.25 & 10.80 & 344.60 & 6.83 & 336.20 & 343.30 & 358.00 \\
4 & 9.75 & 1.11 & 7.20 & 9.80 & 11.50 & 345.97 & 7.73 & 333.50 & 345.20 & 358.80 \\
5 & 9.73 & 0.82 & 7.80 & 10.00 & 11.30 & 346.85 & 6.98 & 333.60 & 347.70 & 359.40 \\
6 & 8.86 & 0.67 & 7.90 & 8.95 & 10.00 & 354.74 & 6.23 & 338.00 & 356.80 & 360.7 \\
7 & 9.23 & 0.91 & 7.60 & 9.25 & 10.80 & 354.52 & 4.52 & 340.70 & 355.65 & 359.4 \\
8 & 9.20 & 0.73 & 7.30 & 9.50 & 10.40 & 355.29 & 4.12 & 343.90 & 355.60 & 361.5 \\
9 & 8.80 & 0.88 & 7.20 & 8.80 & 10.90 & 356.05 & 4.25 & 342.80 & 356.85 & 361.8 \\
10 & 8.70 & 1.04 & 6.70 & 8.70 & 10.50 & 357.78 & 2.31 & 347.20 & 358.50 & 360.8 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 7: Descriptive statistics for the arrival breakwater phase of the scaled time series. Figure 17: Boxplot time series analysis of the arrival breakwater phase: (**a**) SOG; (**b**) COG; * the time series analysis for ship trajectories in this phase is expressed in 11 stages, from 0 to 10, by multiplying the result scaled in Equation (1) by 10. In addition, the boxplot was used to visually express the descriptive statistics for 11 stages. Figure 19 is the result of analyzing the COG for each step. According to Figure 19a, 000-005 degrees was the most common, with 61 counts, and the average COG was 006.53 degrees. This is because ships moves north to pass Todo on the left side. In the next leg, ships move east to approach the pier, which is why there are many counts of almost 000 degrees and 060 to 080 degrees, as shown in Figure 19b. In Figure 19c, counts from 060 to 080 degrees were the most common, totaling 251. Figure 20 shows the results of the time series analysis of the ships berthing by passing Todo on the left side. Based on the scaled time data, the turning section (TS 3) and berthing (Berth) stages were classified into three divisions, and the leg (Leg 3) was divided into four. In the case of the SOG, it was as shown in Figure 20a, and the average of TS 3_1, the starting point passing through the breakwater phase, was 8.02 knots, with the speed gradually decreasing. At Leg 3_1, the average speed decreased to 6.38 knots, and at Berth 1, the average speed rapidly decreased to 2.31 knots. After that, the berthing process was completed by decelerating to 0 knots.