## 4 Results and Discussion  
### Evidence from the GNSS Data Analysis  
The observed velocities (i.e., \(V_{E}\), \(V_{N}\) and \(V_{U}\), along the east-west, north-south and vertical direction, respectively) and associated standard deviations (i.e., \(STDV\)) from all cGNSS and local benchmark stations are presented in Table 1. The LYGO cGNSS station exhibited SSE motion (Figure 2), calculated for a period of more than five years, that describes the anticipated regional motion of the area with respect to IGb08 [55] and is in good agreement with the two other cGNSS stations: METH and 010A. The newly established cGNSS station in the western Methana peninsula (i.e., MTNA) showed significantly different velocity due to the short period that the station was operating (i.e., from August to December 2019). The limited operational period reveals only a short portion of the station's annual trend and therefore could be biased by interannual variations. Consequently, these data have been excluded from further investigation but still briefly presented for future comparison (see Figure 1 in Appendix A). The velocity results from the two local benchmark stations in Methana peninsula (i.e., MENO and MESO) for a period of almost fourteen years (2006-2019) appeared consistent with the regional velocity field concerning the horizontal component (Figure 2). However, the southern station (i.e., MESO) revealed significant subsidence that has to be correlated with the MT-InSAR results (see Section 4.5).  
Aiming to better define the local deformation in Methana peninsula, the regional velocity vector (as it was estimated in LYGO cGNSS station) was subtracted from the two local GPS benchmark stations as well as the two other cGNSS sites (i.e., METH and 010A). Although the resulting horizontal velocity vectors are very small (\(<\)1 mm/year) with significant errors (Table 2) indicating a uniform deformation of the broader Methana area, there is a pattern of differential motion in the area (Figure 3). The northern station (i.e., MENO) exhibits a westward motion, while the southern sites (i.e., MESO and METH) showed a northward motion. However, the latter is quite arbitrary due to the small horizontal velocity values and the resulting errors. The more evident differential behaviour between these two stations is in the vertical component (Table 2), with the southern station (i.e., MESO) exhibiting noticeable subsidence, as it was mentioned previously.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Station**} & \(V_{E}\) & \(V_{N}\) & \(V_{U}\) & \(STDV_{E}\) & \(STDV_{N}\) & \(STDV_{U}\) \\  & **(mm/year)** & **(mm/year)** & **(mm/year)** & **(mm/year)** & **(mm/year)** & **(mm/year)** \\ \hline LYGO & 6.99 & \(-\)12.97 & \(-\)0.76 & 0.05 & 0.07 & 0.08 \\ MTNA & 7.02 & 3.35 & 4.88 & 1.26 & 1.76 & 6.37 \\ MENO & 6.50 & \(-\)12.89 & \(-\)0.21 & 0.21 & 0.33 & 0.30 \\ MESO & 7.02 & \(-\)12.77 & \(-\)5.24 & 0.15 & 0.08 & 1.12 \\ METH * & 6.77 & \(-\)12.51 & – & 0.45 & 0.44 & – \\
010A * & 7.41 & \(-\)13.01 & – & 0.43 & 0.44 & – \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}  
* Values provided by the National Technical University of Athens (NTUA) and [55].  
\end{table}
Table 1: Velocity values of the continuous Global Navigation Satellite System (cGNSS) and local Global Positioning System (GPS) benchmark stations in Methana peninsula and the broader area in the IGb08 reference frame. Notation: \(V\), velocity; \(STDV\), standard deviation; E, east-west; N, north-south; and U, vertical/up.