## 4 Analysis of Capture Price for Solar (CPS)
Figure 7: Average DAPs, Capture Price for Solar, and Capture Rate for Solar for Slovakia. 3. _Capture Rate for Solar (CRS)_  
The Capture Rate for Solar (CRS) determines the percentage ratio between the average price at which PV power plants sell their electricity and the average market price of electricity during a given period. In the Czech Republic (Figure 4), high values were observed in the early months of 2018-2020, with January 2018 reaching 126%. In later years, there was a recorded decline, especially in 2024 (49% in May). In Slovakia (Figure 7), high values were seen at the beginning, with December 2021 reaching 130%. A significant drop occurred in 2024, particularly in May (48%). In Hungary (Figure 8), high values were observed in December 2021, with a value of 123%, and a sharp decline was observed in 2024, particularly in May (52%). In Poland (Figure 9), similar trends were seen, with the highest value in December 2021 at 123% and the lowest value at 78% in May. Annual trends show a clear peak in average DAPs and CPS in 2022 across all countries. This price peak was likely caused by external factors such as increased demand, geopolitical situations, and similar influences. Monthly changes in electricity prices indicate that April consistently showed the lowest values for CRS in all countries and nearly all years. This can be attributed to seasonal factors affecting solar energy production and market demand. However, this year, CRS values were the lowest since 2018 across all four countries. This trend also obtained for Hungary and Poland, for which data are available from 2020. The reduction in CRS values suggests potential issues with further development of PV systems and investment in this technology. In Table 3, the production of electric energy from 2018 to the present is shown for the countries of the Czech, Poland, Hungary, and Slovakia in TWh. In Poland, from 2018 to the present, very few hours with negative prices were observed. Although Poland has seen an increase in the production of electric energy from renewable energy sources, it is a negligible amount from the perspective of the energy mix. In 2018, the production of electric  
Figure 9: Average DAPs, Capture Price for Solar, and Capture Rate for Solar for Poland. energy from renewable energy sources accounted for 10.4%, and this percentage gradually increased in the following years: 2019 (11.8%), 2020 (13.7%), 2021 (12.2%), 2022 (14.4%), 2023 (19%), and 2024 (20.6%). Negative electricity prices began to appear in Poland in 2023, which also saw an increase in production from renewable energy sources--this represents a doubling of the share from the perspective of the energy mix. A similar situation can be observed in Hungary. In 2018, renewable energy sources accounted for 6.4% of production, and this percentage gradually increased in the following years: 2019 (7.3%), 2020 (11.9%), 2021 (14.1%), 2022 (16.3%), 2023 (19.7%), and 2024 (24.9%). Negative electricity prices also began to appear in Hungary in 2023, which saw the largest increase in the share of electric energy production from renewable sources--mainly from PV power plants. When considering investments in PV systems, the return on investment is often calculated based on the anticipated amount of electricity generated and current prices [33; 34]. However, the analysis of results indicates that the profitability of a PV power plant varies even when electricity production remains constant. The reason is simple--the electricity price fluctuates. Electricity prices change every hour, and therefore the research results in