## 5 Performance Results  
The performance assessment of Massive MIMO incorporated by FFT-OFDM, FRFT-OFDM, and DWT-OFDM multi-carrier modulation scheme is presented for image transmission. In Figures 4-21, a pictorial demonstration of image excellence is depicted for FFT-OFDM, FRFT-OFDM, and DWT-OFDM with varying number of users, different modulation levels, and different SNR values. Simulation parameters are given in Table 2.  
Furthermore, the comparison of Figures 4-21 depict that for any modulation order, e.g., BPSK, the received image quality in case of DWT (i.e., Figure 16) is better than the received image quality in case of FRFT (i.e., Figure 10) and the received image quality in case of FRFT (i.e., Figure 10) is better than the received image quality in case of FFT (i.e., Figure 4). This fact is clearly demonstrated at low SNR values (i.e., SNR = 0 dB and SNR = 10 dB) and a large number of users (i.e., \(n=50\)). However, at high order modulation (i.e., 64-PSK), this fact cannot be demonstrated pictorially; instead, PSNR and SSIM are used to examine the difference in the quality of the received signal, as will be illustrated in Figures 22 and 23. The pictorial demonstration vindicates that fact for a particular modulation level and number of uses, the DWT-OFDM gives the best image quality at a particular SNR level. Figures 22 and 23 illustrates the variations of the PSNR and SSIM with SNR for Massive MIMO incorporated by FFT-OFDM, FRFT-OFDM, and DWT-OFDM over Rayleigh channel for the different number of users. It is clear from the observations of Figure 22 that there is a substantial degradation in the PSNR values for FFT-OFDM, FRFT-OFDM and DWT-OFDM on increasing the number of users from 10 to 50. In the case of FFT-OFDM employing BPSK at SNR = 10 dB for 10 users, the PSNR value is 21.76 dB, and it is decreased up to 15.45 dB for 20 users, and 13.14 dB when the number of users increases to 50. Similar inferences can be made on careful observation of PSNR variations for FRFT-OFDM and DWT-OFDM for various modulation levels, SNR values, and number of users. However, if we compare the SNR vs. PSNR performance of FFT-OFDM, FRFT-OFDM and DWT-OFDM, it is very evident that the DWT-OFDM performs better in comparison to FFT-OFDM and FRFT-OFDM. In the case of BPSK at SNR = 10 dB, the PSNR value is 21.76 dB, and it increases to 48.43 dB for FRFT-OFDM, however, the PSNR elevates to 52.55 dB for DWT-OFDM. Similar reasoning can be made out from careful observation of PSNR variations for various modulation levels, SNR values, and number of users. This increase in PSNR values results in significant improvement in the quality of the image at the receiver end. Careful observation of Figure 23 reveals that SSIM values keeps on decreasing as the number of users increases from 10 to 50 or the modulation level increases from BPSK to 64-PSK. However, the SSIM values for DWT-OFDM is better than FRFT-OFDM and FFT-OFDM. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l} \hline \hline
**Parameter** & **Value** \\ \hline \hline \(N_{FFT}\) Number of subcarriers & 256 \\ \hline Cyclic Prefix & 1/4 \\ \hline Transform & FFT, FrFT, DWT \\ \hline Convolution Code Rate & 1/2 \\ \hline Modulation Type & _M-PSK_ \\ \hline Modulation order & 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64 \\ \hline Simulated Environment & Rayleigh Channel (NLOS) \\ \hline Total No. of OFDM Symbols used for Simulation & \(10^{6}\) \\ \hline Detection technique & minimum mean square error (MMSE) \\ \hline No. of Users & \(10,20,50\) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Simulation Parameters. Figure 4: Received Image with Massive MIMO incorporated FFT-OFDM over a Rayleigh channel, Modulated with BPSK and at SNR = 0, 10, 20, 30 dB from Left to Right for different number of users, \(n\). (**a**) \(n=10\); (**b**) \(n=20\); (**c**) \(n=50\). Figure 5: Received image with massive MIMO incorporated FFT-OFDM over a Rayleigh channel, Modulated with QPSK and at SNR = 0, 10, 20, 30 dB from Left to Right for different number of users, \(n\). (**a**) \(n=10\); (**b**) \(n=20\); (**c**) \(n=50\).