# Analysis of Driving Behavior of Micromobility Vehicle Users at Mini-Roundabouts
## 3 Results and Discussion
To facilitate the interpretation of these figures, Tables 3 and 4 contain detailed speed percentiles for e-scooters and bicycles in the entry, circulation, and exit phases, respectively. These tables complement the cumulative distributions by quantifying key statistical measures such as the 5 th, 10 th, 50 th, 85 th, 90 th, and 95 th percentile speeds. The percentile calculations were performed using SPSS version 26 statistical software to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the analysis. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline  & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**E-Scooter**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Bike**} \\ \hline  & **Entry** & **Circulation** & **Exit** & **Entry** & **Circulation** & **Exit** \\ \hline Zone 1 & 2 & 13 & 0 & 1 & 20 & 1 \\ \hline Zone 2 & 14 & 18 & 26 & 31 & 14 & 29 \\ \hline Zone 3 & 22 & 6 & 12 & 8 & 6 & 10 \\ \hline Zone 4 & - & 1 & - & - & - & - \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Number of vehicles per zone in the three phases of the crossing maneuver. The cumulative speed curves for the three phases of the e-scooter maneuver (Figure 8a) show that the 85 th percentile speed during the entry phase, about 17.25 km/h, indicates that most e-scooter users choose a moderate speed to safely enter the mini-roundabout. This behavior is consistent with studies showing that e-scooter users tend to reduce speed in complex environments to improve stability and vehicle control [28; 34]. However, 15% of users exceed this threshold and reach potentially risky speeds at a stage where vehicle control is critical. During the circulation phase, the 85 th percentile speed (S\({}_{85}\)) increases and reaches 20.05 km/h. This reflects the greater confidence of e-scooter users in this phase, which is characterized by the fact that they cross the central island of the mini-roundabout at higher \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Percentile**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Speed (km/h)**} \\ \cline{2-4}  & **Entry** & **Circulation** & **Exit** \\ \hline
5 th & 11.50 & 14.00 & 15.25 \\ \hline
10h & 12.50 & 15.00 & 15.75 \\ \hline
50h & 15.00 & 16.92 & 17.64 \\ \hline
85h & 18.20 & 19.25 & 19.30 \\ \hline
90h & 18.75 & 20.00 & 19.83 \\ \hline
95h & 19.50 & 21.00 & 20.50 \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: Speed percentiles related to the three phases of crossing for bikes. Figure 8: Cumulative distributions and percentiles of speed for e-scooters (**a**) and bikes (**b**). speeds. This observation is consistent with results indicating an increase in speed during smoother phases of the route where users feel more confident [25; 45]. In the exit phase, the S\({}_{85}\) increases further to approximately 20.75 km/h, emphasizing the intention to accelerate toward the destination leg. Previous studies have found that this phase is characterized by greater variability in speed behavior, especially in less stable vehicles such as e-scooters [27; 33]. When analyzing the lower percentiles (5 th and 10 th), boarding speeds range from 9.9 km/h to 10.45 km/h, indicating very cautious behavior, probably related to less experienced or particularly cautious users. During the circulation phase, even the slowest users increase their speed slightly, reaching values between 10.95 km/h and 13.4 km/h. This indicates that even the most cautious users feel safer once they are inside the circulatory roadway. In the exit phase, however, some users reduce their speed considerably and reach values between 8.45 km/h and 10.27 km/h. They probably want to maintain better control during the transition to the destination section. At the 50 th percentile speed (S\({}_{50}\)), an entry speed of 14.3 km/h is observed, which represents the typical behavior of users seeking a balance between caution and fluidity. In the circulation phase, the S\({}_{50}\) increases to 17.22 km/h, confirming that the roundabout is a safe environment for maintaining higher speeds. In the exit phase, the 50 th percentile speed reaches 17 km/h, indicating a progressive and stable transition to the destination leg.