## 12 Summary and Conclusions
\begin{tabular}{l l} \(\tau\) & Shear stress (it also appears as \(\tau_{xx}\), \(\tau_{yz}\) and \(\tau_{xy}\), \(\tau_{xz,OB}\)) \\ \(\tau_{R,m}\) & Mobilized resistance (shear strength) of soil \\ \(\varphi\) & Friction angle of soil (peak effective value) \\ \(\varphi_{m}\) & Mobilized friction angle of soil (effective value) \\ \(\varphi_{m,j}\) & The mobilized friction angle of soil at the intermediate state \\ \(\varphi_{m,\rho}\) & The mobilized friction angle of soil at the state at rest (it is also referred to as \(\varphi_{m}\)) \\ \(\varphi_{m,x}\) & Mobilized friction angle of soil at the \(x\) state (\(x=o\), \(a\) or \(p\) for the state at rest, the active, \\  & and the passive state, respectively) \\ \(\psi\) & Seismic inertia angle \\ \(C\) & Integral's constant \\ \(c^{\prime}\) & Cohesion of soil (peak effective value) \\ \(c_{m}\) & Mobilized cohesion of soil (effective value) \\ \(E_{o}\) & Resultant force of earth pressures at rest \\ \(E_{ae}\) & Resultant force of dynamic active earth pressures \\ \(E_{pe}\) & Resultant force of dynamic passive earth pressures \\ \(E_{Young}\) & Young modulus of soil \\ \(E_{i}\) & \(E_{1}=(e_{1}\tan\varphi^{\prime})\), \(E_{2,1}=(e_{2,1}\tan\varphi^{\prime})\), \(E_{2,2}=(e_{2,2}\tan\varphi^{\prime})\), and \(E_{2}=E_{2,1}+E_{2,2}\) \\ \(f_{i}\) & Body force in the \(i\) direction (\(i\in\{x,y,z\}\)) \\ \(f_{m}\) & Mobilization factor of shear strength at the state at rest \\ \(g\) & Acceleration of gravity \\ \(H\) & Height of the wall (meaning the height of the retained soil) \\ \(K_{o}\) & [PERSON]'s coefficient of earth pressure at rest \\ \(K_{ae}^{c-\varphi}\) & The generalized coefficient of active earth pressure \\ \(K_{ae}^{c-\varphi}\) & The generalized coefficient of earth pressure at rest \\ \(K_{pe}^{c-\varphi}\) & The generalized coefficient of passive earth pressure \\ \(K_{ae}^{c-\varphi}\) & The generalized coefficient of intermediate earth pressure \\ \(K\) & Coefficient of lateral earth pressure \\ \(K_{a,Caulomb}\) & It refers to the well-known Coulomb's active earth pressure coefficient \\ \(K_{a,Caulomb}^{\beta-0}\) & As above but with zero backfill angle \\ \(K_{p,Caulomb}\) & It refers to the well-known [PERSON]'s passive earth pressure coefficient \\ \(K_{ae,M-O}\) & It refers to the well-known Mononobe-Okabe's active earth pressure coefficient \\ \(K_{pe,M-O-K}\) & It refers to the well-known [PERSON]'s passive earth pressure coefficient \\ \(k_{i}\) & Seismic coefficient along the in the \(i\) direction (\(i\in[x,y,z]\)) \\ \(k_{h}\) & Seismic coefficient of horizontal acceleration \\ \(k_{v}\) & Seismic coefficient of vertical acceleration \\ M-O & It refers to the Mononobe-Okabe solution \\ M-O-K & It refers to [PERSON]'s solution \\ \(m\) & Real number \\ \(n\) & Number of planes of the material element resisting to deformation \\ \(n_{s}\) & Normal stress \\ \(OCR\) & Over-consolidation ratio \\ \(PGA\) & Peak Ground Acceleration \\ \(q\) & Vertical stress increase at depth \(z\) \\ \(R\) & The reaction force on the assumed [PERSON]'s failure plane \\ \(R_{i}\) & Internal resistance of soil in the \(i\) direction (\(i\in\{x,y,z\}\)) \\ \(T_{o}\) & Shear stress along the base of [PERSON]'s sand heap \\ \(t_{s}\) & Shear stress \\ \(\tilde{u}_{s,j}\) & Imposed seismic force per unit mass in the \(i\) direction (\(i\in\{x,y,z\}\)) \\ \(\tilde{u}_{x}\) & Acceleration force per unit mass in the \(i\) direction (\(i\in\{x,y,z\}\)) \\ \(V_{o}\) & Normal stress on the base of [PERSON]'s sand heap \\ \(W\) & Weight of Coulomb's soil wedge \\ \(x\) & \(x\)-coordinate \\ \(x_{OB}\) & \(x\)-coordinate on the line OB \\ \(z\) & Depth of soil or \(z\)-coordinate \\ \(z_{mz}\) & Depth of neutral zone \\ \end{tabular}