# A Systematic Review: To Increase Transportation Infrastructure Resilience to Flooding Events
## 4 Discussion
For example, advancing real-time data analysis (e.g., flood depths, images, metadata) will increase abilities for accurate warning systems and better responses to flood events. Embracing various factors to assess vulnerability would help prioritize preparedness and mitigation strategies that could ensure transportation infrastructure equity. Analysis of study area for the studies allowed for understanding global efforts. By comparing the amount of studies based on study area, 133 studies were conducted for several countries. As checked based on continent, it revealed that 39 studies were conducted in Asia (i.e., Bangladesh, China, India, Indonesia, Iran, Japan, Jordan, Korea, Malaysia, Pakistan, Philippines, Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam), 32 in North America (i.e., USA), 29 in Europe (i.e., England, Denmark, France, Greece, Italy, Netherlands, Serbia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Poland, UK), 10 in Africa (i.e., Algeria, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Egypt, Ethiopia, Mozambique, Nigeria, Saudi Arabia, South Africa), 3 in Australia, and 1 in South America (i.e., Brazil). This distribution represents that the importance of increasing transportation infrastructure resilience to flood events was recognized and discussed globally. However, it appears that many studies were conducted for Asia and the USA. The findings and methodologies in studies discussed from this review would be applicable to other coastal areas beyond Asia and USA if they have similar characteristics (e.g., sea-level rise, dense urban development). For example, Asia experiences the impacts of sea-level rise at an extremely high rate, and the USA anticipates to experience 10-12 inches of sea-level rise by 2050 [168; 169]. [PERSON], et al. (2014), [PERSON], et al. (2018), [PERSON], et al. (2013) [PERSON], et al. (2019), [PERSON] and [PERSON] (2018), [PERSON], et al. (2017), and [PERSON], et al. (2006) utilized hydraulic and hydrodynamic models, remote-sensing, imagery analysis, and more [52; 53; 54; 55; 56; 57; 59]. These studies would be able to be followed in areas with similar characteristics to better understand and forecast the impacts of sea-level rise. Asia experiences rapid urbanization along coastlines with high numbers of population and assets, which heightens their vulnerability to floods [170]. The USA has also encountered urbanization and altered environmental aspects of vegetation, land surface, and built infrastructure [171]. This land development reflects the needs of the people living in these urbanized areas and utilizing the transportation networks. As discussed by [PERSON], et al. (2020), [PERSON], et al. (2016), and [PERSON], et al. (2019), there are studies that investigate the impacts of floods on people and efforts for preparedness and response strategies are created to increase resilience of transportation during the flood events [122; 144; 155]. Developing countries transitioning to more urban areas will experience flood effects [170]. As sea-level continues to rise as well as rapid urbanization occurs, flooding will continue to occur worldwide [172]. Therefore, the studies discussed can be applied and adapted by countries worldwide that experience similar characteristics to increase resilience of their transportation infrastructure to flood events in terms of all the categories established.