## 5 Validation
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{\(1\)} & _Chi-square_ & X-squared = 28.104 & \(p\)-value = **3.455 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-6}\)** \\  & _z-test_ & & \(p\)-value = **5.00891912614554** \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{\(2\)} & _Chi-square_ & X-squared = 7.084 & \(p\)-value = 0.06927 \\  & _z-test_ & & \(p\)-value = 0.0183582852328812 \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{\(3\)} & _Chi-square_ & X-squared = 1.5969 & \(p\)-value = 0.2063 \\  & _z-test_ & & \(p\)-value = 1.31385601104743 \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{\(4\)} & _Chi-square_ & X-squared = 0.50012 & \(p\)-value = 0.4794 \\  & _z-test_ & & \(p\)-value = \(-0.760696016958917\) \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{\(5\)} & _Chi-square_ & X-squared = 30.14 & \(p\)-value = **0.001506** \\  & _z-test_ & & \(p\)-value = **-2.9118314808416** \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{\(6\)} & _Chi-square_ & X-squared = 43.594 & \(p\)-value = **8.558 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-6}\)** \\  & _z-test_ & & \(p\)-value = **-0.212828628801027** \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{\(7\)} & _Chi-square_ & X-squared = 26.86 & \(p\)-value = **0.004825** \\  & _z-test_ & & \(p\)-value = 1.97247635563556 \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{\(8\)} & _Chi-square_ & X-squared = 63.926 & \(p\)-value = **1.715 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-9}\)** \\  & _z-test_ & & \(p\)-value = **3.59338301942709** \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{\(9\)} & _Chi-square_ & X-squared = 25.48 & \(p\)-value = **0.01271** \\  & _z-test_ & & \(p\)-value = **-3.39514132553282** \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{\(10\)} & _Chi-square_ & X-squared = 61.28 & \(p\)-value = **1.315 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-8}\)** \\  & _z-test_ & & \(p\)-value = **-5.48685043800752** \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{\(11\)} & _Chi-square_ & X-squared = 30.14 & \(p\)-value = **0.001506** \\  & _z-test_ & & \(p\)-value = **2.9118314808416** \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{\(12\)} & _Chi-square_ & X-squared = 43.594 & \(p\)-value = **8.558 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-6}\)** \\  & _z-test_ & & \(p\)-value = 0.212828628801027 \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{\(13\)} & _Chi-square_ & X-squared = 20.061 & \(p\)-value = **0.0001649** \\  & _z-test_ & & \(p\)-value = **3.50130627065847** \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{\(14\)} & _Chi-square_ & X-squared = 43.489 & \(p\)-value = **1.937 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-9}\)** \\  & _z-test_ & & \(p\)-value = **5.57545804293131** \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{\(15\)} & _Chi-square_ & X-squared = 8.8791 & \(p\)-value = **0.03094** \\  & _z-test_ & & \(p\)-value = **2.45951143035353** \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{\(16\)} & _Chi-square_ & X-squared = 0.9116 & \(p\)-value = 0.8226 \\  & _z-test_ & & \(p\)-value = 0.774093020800148 \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{\(17\)} & _Chi-square_ & X-squared = 18.715 & \(p\)-value = **0.002172** \\  & _z-test_ & & \(p\)-value = **-2.85471982135127** \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{\(18\)} & _Chi-square_ & X-squared = 27.572 & \(p\)-value = **4.413 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-5}\)** \\  & _z-test_ & & \(p\)-value = **-1.47076729692434** \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{\(19\)} & _Chi-square_ & X-squared = 24.691 & \(p\)-value = **0.0001599** \\  & _z-test_ & & \(p\)-value = 0.231962167837976 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 15: Validation results of extracted associations from the HCAHPS data related to one hospital. (Linked to Table 10 by row number). Bold figures are \(p\)-values in accepted test ranges. ## 6 Turning Associations into Recommendations for Hospitals

The associations extracted in the previous section can be used in two ways to improve patient experience for various patient groups:

1. The valid association can be simply transformed into a set of general applicable recommendations. For instance, based on the second association in Table 16, the system can make the recommendation that \"Young ladies whose admission source is physician referral and their reason of admission is obstetrical, need more information about their symptoms when they are being discharged\".