## 4 Experimental Studies
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**References** & **Measurement Metrics** & **[PERSON]** & **[PERSON]** & **[PERSON]** & **[PERSON]** & **[PERSON]** & **Average** \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{[33]} & PSNR (dB) (Stego-1) & 46.37 & 47.34 & 46.72 & 46.15 & 46.16 & 46.66 \\ \cline{2-8}  & PSNR (dB) (Stego-2) & 46.36 & 46.56 & 46.12 & 46.71 & 46.64 & 46.55 \\ \cline{2-8}  & PSNR(Average) & 46.37 & 46.95 & 46.42 & 46.43 & 46.40 & 46.61 \\ \cline{2-8}  & EC (bits) & 786,432 & 786,258 & 786,670 & 786,432 & 786,432 & 786,442 \\ \cline{2-8}  & P (bpp) & 1.50 & 1.50 & 1.50 & 1.50 & 1.50 & 1.50 \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{(with distortion)} & PSNR (dB) (Stego-1) & 51.15 & 51.16 & 51.16 & 51.14 & 50.13 & 51.15 \\ \cline{2-8}  & PSNR (dB) (Stego-2) & 50.18 & 50.17 & 50.18 & 50.16 & 50.18 & 50.17 \\ \cline{2-8}  & PSNR(Average) & 50.66 & 50.66 & 50.66 & 50.65 & 50.65 & 50.66 \\ \cline{2-8}  & EC (bits) & 818,914 & 818,814 & 818,948 & 819,315 & 819,386 & 819,085 \\ \cline{2-8}  & P (bpp) & 1.56 & 1.56 & 1.56 & 1.56 & 1.56 & 1.56 \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{[40]} & PSNR (dB) (Stego-1) & 48.70 & 48.71 & 48.71 & 48.70 & 48.72 & 48.71 \\ \cline{2-8}  & PSNR (dB) (Stego-2) & 48.71 & 48.71 & 48.71 & 48.71 & 48.71 & 48.71 \\ \cline{2-8}  & PSNR(Average) & 48.71 & 48.71 & 48.71 & 48.71 & 48.72 & 48.71 \\ \cline{2-8}  & EC (bits) & 650,369 & 650,799 & 650,637 & 650,781 & 650,726 & 650,568 \\ \cline{2-8}  & P (bpp) & 1.24 & 1.24 & 1.24 & 1.24 & 1.24 & 1.24 \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{[41]} & PSNR (dB) (Stego-1) & 45.93 & 46.38 & 47.20 & 46.38 & 46.83 & 46.65 \\ \cline{2-8}  & PSNR (dB) (Stego-2) & 45.35 & 47.43 & 46.79 & 46.57 & 46.62 & 46.66 \\ \cline{2-8}  & PSNR(Average) & 45.64 & 46.91 & 47.00 & 46.48 & 46.73 & 46.66 \\ \cline{2-8}  & EC (bits) & 819,356 & 819,080 & 818,342 & 819,156 & 819,269 & 819,034 \\ \cline{2-8}  & P (bpp) & 1.56 & 1.56 & 1.56 & 1.56 & 1.56 & 1.56 \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{[42]} & PSNR (dB) (Stego-1) & 49.63 & 49.63 & 49.64 & 49.62 & 49.63 & 49.63 \\ \cline{2-8}  & PSNR(Average) & 49.63 & 49.62 & 49.64 & 49.63 & 49.63 & 49.63 \\ \cline{2-8}  & EC (bits) & 560,801 & 560,686 & 560,572 & 561,223 & 560,740 & 560,880 \\ \cline{2-8}  & P (bpp) & 1.07 & 1.07 & 1.07 & 1.07 & 1.07 & 1.07 \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 10: Comparison of previous data hiding algorithm and the proposed algorithm. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & & **Test 1 (sec)** & **Test 2 (sec)** & **Test 3 (sec)** & **Test 4 (sec)** & **Test 5 (sec)** & **Average (sec)** \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{\(n=1\)} & Data Embedding & 0.0249 & 0.0263 & 0.0263 & 0.0271 & 0.0252 & 0.0259 \\ \cline{2-8}  & Data Extraction & 0.0307 & 0.0298 & 0.0297 & 0.0298 & 0.0298 & 0.0299 \\ \cline{2-8}  & Data Embedding & 0.0319 & 0.0304 & 0.0297 & 0.0344 & 0.0304 & 0.0313 \\ \cline{2-8}  & Data Extraction & 0.0455 & 0.0393 & 0.0370 & 0.0381 & 0.0381 & 0.0395 \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{\(n=3\)} & Data Embedding & 0.0416 & 0.0364 & 0.0406 & 0.0375 & 0.0379 & 0.0388 \\ \cline{2-8}  & Data Extraction & 0.0554 & 0.0531 & 0.0541 & 0.0558 & 0.0530 & 0.0543 \\ \cline{2-8}  & Data Embedding & 0.0429 & 0.0425 & 0.0455 & 0.0429 & 0.0441 & 0.0435 \\ \cline{2-8}  & Data Extraction & 0.0702 & 0.0677 & 0.0616 & 0.0707 & 0.0706 & 0.0681 \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{\(n=5\)} & Data Embedding & 0.0551 & 0.0437 & 0.0595 & 0.0489 & 0.0504 & 0.0515 \\ \cline{2-8}  & Data Extraction & 0.0729 & 0.0697 & 0.0775 & 0.0799 & 0.0785 & 0.0757 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 9: Comparison of data hiding and extraction process speed tests of the proposed algorithm. In addition, we applied three steganalysis tests, namely histogram analysis, pixel difference histogram (PDH) and RS analysis, to prove the security of our proposed data hiding algorithm. First, the histogram analysis was performed, showing the pixel value distributions of cover, stego1 and stego2 images according to \(n=1\) and 3. Figures 8-10 present histogram analyzes for \(n=1\) to 3 in a grayscale Lena image.