###### Abstract
The uneven precipitation leads to frequent extreme climate events such as drought in the tropical forests [24]. There are few studies on subtropical region where forests are also vulnerable to drought and/or warming [11; 15]. Subtropical regions in China have experienced extreme temperature, and are accompanied by changing precipitation seasonally over the past few decades [11; 25; 26]. At the same time, the frequency and severity of drought and/or warming events in the subtropical regions will increase in the future [24; 27; 28]. Forest responses to drought and/or warming can be assessed by their resistance and resilience [29]. Resistance measures how an ecosystem changes immediately after a disturbance, and resilience evaluates the degree of ecological functioning that is restored to pre-disturbance equilibrium [30; 31; 32]. Therefore, it is important to quantify the sensitivity (resistance) and post-event recovery (resilience) of the subtropical coniferous forests to drought and/or warming under the climate change. The timing of extreme drought and/or warming affects the response of ecosystems to disturbances [33]. Seasonal drought is frequent in the subtropical region throughout the summer, where a West Pacific high pressure system dominates the bottom layer of the atmosphere [34; 35]. Seasonal drought often happens when vegetation is actively growing [34; 36], drastically lowering vegetative productivity. Previous research has primarily focused on drought in summer [37]; however, there have been some studies on other seasonal droughts (e.g., spring and winter) [33; 38]. Hengyang-Shaoyang Basin is a high incidence area of drought events in the subtropical region of China. High rates of seasonal drought in subtropical forests, with more severe drought in the summer and autumn are observed in Hengyang-Shaoyang Basin, China [39]. Quantifying the impacts of these seasonal climate extremes on subtropical forests in the Hengyang-Shaoyang Basin is still poorly understood. Forest inventory, modeling, and remote sensing techniques are commonly used to explore the extreme climates on forests [40; 41; 42]. Forest inventory data have been used to simulate/track drought-induced mortality [40; 43]. In addition to traditional enhanced vegetation index, new developed remote-sensing products/indices (e.g., solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence, and vegetation optical depth) are gradually applied for investigating vegetation productivity [44; 45; 41]. Cohort-based ecosystem demography (ED) models [46; 47; 48], which characterize the horizontal and vertical heterogeneity of forest ecosystems, are also frequently simulating drought impacts on the productivity of tropical forests [42]. Remote sensing specializes in capturing the past and current changes of forest attributes; however, process-based modeling projects the response of forest attributes to different future climate scenarios. Remote sensing and process-based modeling techniques improve quantifying and understanding of how forest productivity responds to extreme climate impacts under the historical, current, and future situations. Forest inventory, satellite data, and modeling could be combined to investigate the impacts of disturbances(e.g., drought and/or warming) on forest attributes (e.g., productivity); for instance, the forest inventory and freely available satellite product could provide data supporting model initialization and verification/validation, respectively [49]. In this study, we used the process-based ED-2.2 model, remotely sensed NPP product, and forest survey data to investigate the influence of different degrees of seasonal drought and/or warming (from July to September) on the productivity of subtropical coniferous forests (i.e., _C. lanccolata_ and _P. massoniana_ forests) from the Hengyang-Shaoyang Basin in southern China.