# Long Term Effects of Forest Liming on the Acid-Base Budget
## 2 Materials and Methods
### Element Fluxes  
The soil water fluxes for each experimental site were calculated by a calibrated COUP-MODEL, as described in [PERSON] et al. [23]. To calculate the element fluxes, the element concentrations in the seepage water are multiplied with the soil water fluxes, for each depth (cf. [24; 25]). The total deposition (TD) was calculated for each experimental site \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Study Areas** & **Adenau (AD)** & **Ida-Oberstein (IO)** & **Hochspeyer (HS)** \\ \hline Elevation above mean sea level & 580–630 m & 540–550 m & 385–400 m \\ Coordinates (ETRS 1989 UTM32N) & X: 364340 Y: 5588220 & X: 371450 Y: 5512000 & X: 421560 Y: 5476010 \\ Slope (Degree) & 7\({}^{\circ}\) & 4\({}^{\circ}\) & 3\({}^{\circ}\) \\ Mean annual temperature & 7.6 \({}^{\circ}\)C & 8.3 \({}^{\circ}\)C & 8.7 \({}^{\circ}\)C \\ Mean annual temperature of the & 12.6 \({}^{\circ}\)C & 13.3 \({}^{\circ}\)C & 14.5 \({}^{\circ}\)C \\ vegetation period & 850 mm & 1065 mm & 770 mm \\ Mean annual precipitation & 275 mm & 310 mm & 180 mm \\ Seepage (60 cm) & Diluvial loam above devonic & Diluvial loam above devonic & Sandstone of the bunter \\ Parent material & quarzite & quarzite & sandstone \\ Soil Taxonomy (WRB) & Cambisol & Stagnic cambisol & Podzol \\ Humans form & Mor humus & Mor humus & Raw humans \\ Soil texture & Clay loam & Clay loam & Loamy Sand \\ pH(CaCl\({}_{2}\)): 0–10/20–30 cm & 2.9/3.9 & 3.0/4.0 & 2.9/3.6 \\ Base saturation: 0–10/20–30 cm & 7.2\%/2.8\% & 6.3\%/4.6\% & 10.3\%/5.5\% \\ Cation exchange capacity level g\({}^{-1}\): & 139/46 & 137/47 & 103/19 \\
0–10/20–30 cm & 65.8/12.7 & 75.0/12.1 & 72.8/10.7 \\ N content [g kg\({}^{-1}\)]: 0–10/20–30 cm & 3.1/1.3 & 3.7/1.1 & 2.7/0.5 \\ S content [g kg\({}^{-1}\)]: 0–10/20–30 cm & 1.49/0.38 & 1.21/0.46 & 0.58/0.19 \\ Tree species & _Pican abies_ & _Pica abies_ & _Pirus subscripts_ mixed with \\  & & & & _Fagus syklucia_ from natural \\  & & & & regeneration \\ Stand age (2016) & 81 & 97 & 90/96 (_Pirus syklucisris_) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Information about the three experimental sites. More detailed Information is available in Greve [22]. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**LT** & **Lime and Fertilizer** & **Mg** & **Ca** & **K** & **P** & **S** & **ANC** & **Additional** \\  & **Application** & [kg ha\({}^{-1}\)] & [kg ha\({}^{-1}\)] & [kg ha\({}^{-1}\)] & [kg ha\({}^{-1}\)] & [kg ha\({}^{-1}\)] & **Informations** \\ \hline
0 & - & - & - & & & & control plot, no \\
1 & Dolomite: 3000 kg ha\({}^{-1}\) & 349 & 603 & & & 51 & particle size 0–2 mm \\
3 & Dolomite: 3000 kg ha\({}^{-1}\) & 349 & 603 & & & 53 & particle size 0–2 mm \\  & Hyperphos: 330 kg ha\({}^{-1}\) & 6 & 96 & 6 & 37 & & Soft ground rock \\
6 & Dolomite: 5000 kg ha\({}^{-1}\) & 582 & 1005 & & & 85 & particle size 0–2 mm \\  & Dolomite: 9000 kg ha\({}^{-1}\) & 1048 & 1809 & & & & \\
7 & Patentkali: 340 kg ha\({}^{-1}\) & 21 & & 85 & & 153 & as K\({}_{2}\)SO\({}_{4}\) and MgSO\({}_{4}\) \\  & Kiseerife: 660 kg ha\({}^{-1}\) & 107 & & & & 145 & as K\({}_{2}\)SO\({}_{4}\) \\  & Mixture of Dolomite and & & & & & & particle size 0–0.09 \\
8 & Hyperphos: 15,000 kg ha\({}^{-1}\) & 1441 & 3804 & 25 & 145 & 304 & mm mixed with soft \\  & & & & & & & ground rock \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Liming treatments (LT) of the three study areas. Lime and fertilizer were applied in December 1988. Patentkali is a potash fertilizer containing potassium sulfate and magnesium sulfate. using the bulk deposition and throughfall measurements as inputs into the canopy budget model after [PERSON] [26] and [PERSON] and [PERSON] [27]. For the total annual N deposition, the maximum from both canopy budget models plus the input of organic N of the bulk deposition was used, because total N deposition derived from canopy budget models is typically underestimated [8; 28]. Additionally, weathering rates, calculated by PROFILE (cf. [29]), were used to derive the proton consumption from base cation release for each experimental site.