## 5 Conclusions  
In this study, a method for evaluating the pressure and tensile force generated in the silo hotspot detector by the material discharge inside the silo by numerical analysis was proposed. Before using the FEM, the pressure and tensile force generated through the Eurocode were predicted. The CEL method was applied to simulate the release process, and the material was treated with an elasto plastic solid described by the Mohr-Coulomb model. The proposed FEM was verified by comparison with the results measured through experimental methods. The main results of this study are summarized as follows.  
(1) The CEL approach applied in this study can be applied to the overall process modeling of silo discharge. Unlike Lagrangian analysis, simulation is possible without the distortion and warping of the mesh. As such, the CEL approach proposed in this study can be applied to engineering fields related to silo discharge.  
(2) The pressure acting on the silo hotspot detector tends to be different from the pressure acting on the silo wall. Because of the flow pattern, the pressure applied to the silo wall tends to be different. Nevertheless, it can be seen that the magnitude of the applied tensile load does not differ significantly.  
(3) The actual behavior of silo hotspot detectors can be displaced from the center depending on the flow pattern. Therefore, there is a difference between the experimental value and FEM and theoretical values. More accurate safety measures are expected using the results of the analysis.  
(4) Currently, there is no other method than the experimental method proposed herein to confirm the structural safety of the silo hotspot detector installed inside the silo. It is hoped that the proposed method can replace the experimental method.  
The limitations in this study are as follows. The silo applied to the analysis and experiment of this study has a geometrically symmetrical shape. However, silos with different geometric properties may differ significantly from the results of this study. In addition, in this study, assuming that the friction traction due to the normal pressure in the regular discharge contributes the most to the silo hotspot detector tensile force, only two cases, from the prediction equation to the analysis result, are considered.  
Figure 15: Tensile force acting on the detector according to the storage rate.  
However, in reality, phenomena such as shaking, vibration, and voids in the material occur. It is a situation that requires research considering this.  
Future study will attempt to compare the stress distribution on the internal stress distribution and the silo wall and silo hotspot detector through an analysis that considers influence factors not considered in this study. In addition, the pressure change acting on the silo hotspot detector in the silo with a geometrically different shape from the silo targeted in this study will be compared.  
Conceptualization, J.H.R. and S.I.K.; methodology and validation, J.H.R.; writing--original draft preparation, J.H.R.; writing--review and editing, M.K.K. and Y.M.L.; supervision, M.K.K. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
This research was funded by [Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning (KETEP)] grant number [No.20201510100010].  
This research was supported by the Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning (KETEP) granted financial resource from the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy, Republic of Korea (No.20201510100010).  
The authors declare no conflict of interest.