## 3 Results  
Homogeneity of the Demographic Characteristics, Biomarkers, and Health Beliefs between Experimental and Control Groups in Pretest  
The intervention was conducted for 12 weeks. This study included a total of 108 prefrail older adults, who met the inclusion criteria, from two communities in Sanshing Township, Yilan County. In the experimental group, 42 older adults participated in all the 36 vibration training sessions; in the control group, 48 participants completed the control intervention (Figure 1). The homogeneity of the experimental and control groups was compared before their demographic characteristics, biomarkers, and health beliefs were compared. No significant differences were observed in demographic characteristics, except for sex, between the two groups (\(p>0.05\)). In addition, the two groups were tested for the homogeneity of biomarkers and health beliefs, and the independent sample t was used for the homogeneity test. The results showed no significant difference (\(p>0.05\)) (Tables 1 and 2). Therefore, one-way ANCOVA was conducted using the groups as the independent variable and the pre-test results and sex as covariate variables to assess the intervention effectiveness. An intraclass regression coefficient homogeneity test was performed to assess the applicability of ANCOVA to the data. If applicability was verified,ANCOVA was then conducted on the data; otherwise, the data were analysed using the Johnson-Neyman procedure [24]. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Variables** & **Experimental Group (n = 42)** & **Control Group (n = 48)** & **Number** & & \(\mathbf{x^{2}}\) & \(p\) \\ \hline  & **n** & **\%** & **n** & **\%** & **n** & **\%** & \\ Sex & 3 & 7.1 & 12 & 25 & 15 & 16.7 & & \\ Male & 39 & 92.9 & 36 & 75 & 75 & 83.3 & & \\ Age & 65-74 & 29 & 69 & 34 & 70.8 & 63 & 70 & \\
75 above & 13 & 31 & 14 & 29.2 & 27 & 30 & & \\ Education level & & & & & & 2.64 & 0.45 \\ Illiterate & 10 & 23.8 & 15 & 31.3 & 25 & 27.8 & & \\ Primary school & 24 & 57.1 & 20 & 41.7 & 44 & 48.9 & & \\ Elementary school & 5 & 11.9 & 10 & 20.8 & 15 & 16.7 & & \\ High school & 3 & 7.1 & 3 & 6.3 & 6 & 6.7 & & \\ Living arrangements & & & & & & & 0.62 & 0.804 \\ Living alone & 6 & 14.3 & 6 & 12.5 & 12 & 13.3 & & \\ Living with their & 36 & 85.7 & 42 & 87.5 & 78 & 86.7 & & \\ families & & & & & & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: The homogeneity of the demographic characteristics between experimental and control groups in pre-test. Figure 1: Study Flow Chart. The Primary Outcome of Pre-Test and Post-Test Results of the Experimental and Control Groups for Biomarkers and Health Beliefs  
After undergoing whole body vibration training for 12 weeks, the experimental group showed significant differences in the following categories in pre-test and post-tests: right hand grip strength (paired \(t=-3.36\), \(p<0.05\)), left hand grip strength (paired \(t=-4.79\), \(p<0.05\)), 15 feet walking speed (paired \(t=11.03\), \(p<0.05\)), 30-second chair stand test (paired \(t=-9.28\), \(p<0.05\)), one-leg standing balance (paired \(t=-4.65\), \(p<0.05\)), 2-minute step test (paired \(t=-5.28\), \(p<0.05\)), perceived susceptibility of frailty (paired \(t=-16.83\), \(p<0.05\)), perceived seriousness of frailty (paired \(t=-14.98\), \(p<0.05\)), benefits of preventing frailty (paired \(t=-14.39\), \(p<0.05\)), barriers of preventing frailty (paired \(t=7.11\), \(p<0.05\)), and cues to action (paired \(t=-13.19\), \(p<0.05\)) (Table 3).