## 5 Results  
### Remote Sensing Data  
To perform infrastructure monitoring analysis related to Ponte della Musica, the multi-temporal full resolution SBAS-DInSAR technique [39; 40] has been exploited. In particular, we exploited long sequences of satellite SAR acquisitions collected from ascending and descending orbits by the Italian COSMO-SkyMed (CSK) constellation over the wide urban area of Rome. The acquisition mode of the exploited radar images is the standard Stripmap one, characterized by a ground spatial resolution of about 3 m in both azimuth (flight direction) and range (perpendicular to azimuth) directions, which is particularly suitable to urban and single structures DInSAR analyses. The two datasets are composed of 129 ascending and 107 descending Single Look Complex (SLC) acquisitions collected along the March 2011-March 2019 time interval, with a look angle at the scene center of about 34\({}^{\circ}\) and 29\({}^{\circ}\), respectively. Thanks to the large overlapping area between ascending and descending acquisitions, it was possible to perform extensive comparative analyses of the spatial and temporal evolution of the achieved displacements, aimed to retrieve further information useful for deformation signal detection and interpretation relevant to single infrastructures and bridges.  
The geocoded SBAS-DInSAR results (i.e., full resolution deformation time series and mean deformation velocity maps for each coherent pixel) were provided through datasheets including several unique pixel identifiers for which several parameters are defined, namely: latitude; longitude; topography; mean deformation velocity; interferometric temporal coherence [40] (a value between 0 and 1); directive cosine, corresponding to the components  
Figure 5: Three-dimensional geological model of the Ponte della Musica subsoil. In Figure 4 is the location of the area covered by the model. (**a**) View from NW; (**b**) view from SW.  
of Line of Sight (LOS) unit vector along the North, East, vertical directions; and LOS displacement Time Series (TS).  
The available data were analyzed in a GIS software and categorized according to mean deformation velocity values. After, several measurement points were selected and their displacement time series were analyzed.  
Figures 6 and 7 show the mean deformation velocity maps of the area under investigation and of the infrastructure associated to ascending and descending orbit, respectively.  
Figure 7 clearly shows that the points detected by the satellite are present only on the bridge abutments and foundation but not on the deck. The deformation velocity ranges from \(-0.4\) to \(0\) cm/year. It should be noted that the exploited multi-temporal coherence (defined in [40]) values of the represented points relating to both the ascending and descending orbit range from \(0.35\) to \(0.55\).  
Figures 8 and 9 report the displacement time-series relating to the measurement points located on the bridge abutments and associated to ascending and descending orbits, respectively.  
Figure 6: False colors mean deformation velocity maps over the study area: **(a)** ascending and **(b)** descending orbits.  
Figure 7: False colors mean deformation velocity maps of the study bridge: **(a)** ascending and **(b)** descending orbits.  
Figure 8: Displacement time-series relating to the measure points located on the bridge abutments and foundation of the west (in blue) and east (in red) bank of the Tiber river—ascending orbit.  
Figure 9: Displacement time-series relating to the measure points located on the bridge abutments and foundation of the west (in blue) and east (in red) bank of the Tiber river—descending orbit.  
As for foundation-points, their displacements are almost linear and no evident thermal dilation effects were observed. The displacements of abutment-points seemed to be temperature dependent.