## 4 Therapeutic Effects of Honey
### Antibacterial Effects
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Geographical Origin** & **Honey Type** & **Analytical Method/Unit** & **Sample** & **Values/Unit** & **Reference** \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{Ukraine} & \multirow{6}{*}{_Bnasica_ spp.} & \multirow{6}{*}{Microdilution method} & & & (a) 0.188–0.375g/mL MIC & \\  & & & & (b) 0.188g/mL MIC & \\  & & & & (a) _S. aureus_—CCM 4223_ & (d) 0.375g/mL MIC & \\  & & & & (b) _L. monocytogenes_—ATCC & (a) 0.094–0.375g/mL MIC & \\  & & & & _T644_ & (b) 0.094–0.375g/mL MIC & \\  & & & & (c) _Sal. enterica Serovar_ & (c) 0.094–0.375g/mL MIC & \\  & & & & _Typhimurium_—CCM 3807_ & (d) 0.188–0.375g/mL MIC & \\  & & & & (d) _E. coli_—ATCC 25922_ & (d) 0.188–0.375g/mL MIC & \\  & & & & & (b) 0.188–0.375g/mL MIC & \\  & & & & & (c) 0.188–0.750g/mL MIC & \\  & & & & & (d) 0.188–0.750g/mL MIC & \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{Serbia} & \multirow{6}{*}{Honeydew method} & \multirow{6}{*}{Microdilution method} & & 46.1–92.2\% MIC & \\  & & & & 0.01–39.7\% MIC & \\  & & & & 0.01–44.8\% MIC & \\  & & & & _E. coli_—ATCC 25922 & 5.0–40.3\% MIC & \\  & & & & _S. aureus_—ATCC 25523_ & 39.7–7.7\% MIC & \\  & & & & _C. albicans_—ATCC 10231_ & 0.01–12.2\% MIC & \\  & & & & & 68.1–70.0\% MIC & \\  & & & & & 21.8–63.0\% MIC & \\  & & & & & 0.01–13.8\% MIC & \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{Slovakia} & \multirow{6}{*}{Wildflower honeys (WH)} & \multirow{6}{*}{MIC method} & \multirow{6}{*}{_S. aureus_—CCM4223_} & \multirow{6}{*}{WH \(>\) AH \(>\) RH} & \multirow{6}{*}{[81]} \\  & & & & _P. aeruginosa_—CCM1960 & & MIC \(<\) 20\% \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{China New Zealand (MH)} & \multirow{6}{*}{Buckwheat honey (BH)} & \multirow{6}{*}{Agar well-diffusion method} & \multirow{6}{*}{_S. aureus_} & \multirow{6}{*}{70–80\% \(w/\)_t_ honey BH\(>\)MH} & \multirow{6}{*}{[169]} \\  & & & & & (a) \(>\) (b) & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & & (22.5\%) MICs for both honey & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & & & samples \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{Iran} & \multirow{6}{*}{_Eucalyptus_ spp.} & \multirow{6}{*}{Disc-diffusion method} & _E. faecalis_—ATCC 11700_ & 12.0–15.0 mm IZ & \multirow{6}{*}{[157]} \\  & & & _S. aureus_—ATCC 25923 & 10.0–11.0 mm of IZ & \\  & & & _E. coli_—ATCC 25922 & 8.0–9.0 mm IZ & \\  & & & _P. aeruginosa_—ATCC 27853 & \(<\)7.00 mm IZ & \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{India} & \multirow{6}{*}{Sesamum indicum honey} & \multirow{6}{*}{Agar well-diffusion method} & _E. coli_ & 15 mm MIC & \multirow{6}{*}{[139]} \\  & & & _S. Typhir_ & 12.5 mm MIC & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & _S. Typhirum_ & 12.5 mm MIC & \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{Romania} & \multirow{6}{*}{Heather honey} & \multirow{6}{*}{Disc-diffusion} & _S. aureus_—ATCC 6538P_ & 9–11 mm IZ & \multirow{6}{*}{[134]} \\  & & & _E. coli_—ATCC 14579 P & 9–11 mm IZ & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & _E. coli_—ATCC 10536 & 9–11 mm IZ & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & _P. aeruginosa_—ATCC 27853 & 10–12 mm IZ & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & _Sal. enteritidis ATCC_—13076 & 10–12 mm IZ & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & _Sal. typhi_—ATCC_—14028 & 9–10 mm IZ & \\ \hline \multicolumn{6}{c}{ATCC, American Type Culture Collection; IZ, Inhibition Zone; MBC, minimum bactericidal concentration; MIC, minimum inhibitory concentration.} \\ \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Antibacterial effect of honey.