## 2 Methodology
### Questionnaire for Evaluating User Needs  
A very significant part of our user co-creation methodology was a comprehensive questionnaire aimed at gathering detailed insights from parents of children diagnosed or suspected of having ADHD. The survey was designed to capture both quantitative and qualitative data, allowing us to assess parental perceptions, expectations, and experiences with existing ADHD monitoring tools, particularly in terms of privacy, usability, and utility. The questionnaire was distributed online and consisted of 15 questions, including 10 Likert scale items, 3 open-ended questions, and 2 ranking questions. The responses were collected over a three-week period, ensuring a diverse set of perspectives. The questionnaire was developed in collaboration with clinicians and experts in human-computer interaction to ensure relevance and clarity. Likert scale questions addressed topics such as the following:  
* Privacy Concerns: Parents were asked to rate their level of comfort with sharing sensitive data, with 0 indicating \"Not at all comfortable\" and 10 indicating \"Extremely comfortable\". * Usability of Existing Tools: Participants evaluated how user-friendly they found current ADHD management applications. * Trust in Digital Solutions: This section explored parental trust in digital tools, specifically focusing on data security and compliance with privacy laws like GDPR. * Open-ended questions encouraged parents to elaborate on challenges they faced, features they valued in existing tools, and what improvements they desired. Ranking questions, on the other hand, required parents to prioritize functionalities they deemed most important, such as real-time behavioral monitoring, intuitive dashboards, or multi-user access for educators and clinicians. A total of 25 participants completed the questionnaire, recruited through collaborations with local speech therapists. The sample included the following:* Parents of newly diagnosed children (40%),
* Parents managing ADHD for more than three years (30%),
* Parents exploring the possibility of an ADHD diagnosis for their children (30%). The participants represented a diverse range of educational and technological backgrounds, ensuring the findings were not biased towards a specific demographic. The results highlighted significant parental concerns about privacy. The average comfort level for sharing data was rated at 3.8 out of 10. Parents expressed fears of potential misuse of their child's sensitive information. Interestingly, 70% of respondents reported that a lack of clarity on data storage and usage policies had deterred them from using existing ADHD applications. When asked to rate the usability of currently available tools, the average score was 4.2 out of 10. Parents frequently cited overly complex interfaces and poor guidance during setup as barriers to sustained use. In ranking functionalities, parents placed the highest importance on visual progress dashboards (80%), followed by the ability to customize data-sharing permissions (70%). Gamified exercises for children were also highly valued, with 65% of parents noting that engaging activities would improve their child's participation. Open-ended responses revealed a consensus on the need for a user-centric design. Parents called for features like the following:  
* **Simplified Navigation**: Several participants highlighted the need for intuitive layouts that minimize cognitive load. * **Clear Privacy Policies**: Parents wanted transparent communication about how data would be stored, processed, and accessed. * **Customizable Features:** Options to tailor the application to individual child profiles were deemed essential. The insights gathered through the questionnaire directly influenced the development of AURORA MINDS, specifically:  
* **Enhanced Privacy Features:** The integration of Privacy-Attribute-Based Credentials (p-ABCs) ensures that parents can customize data-sharing permissions and have full control over their child's information.