# Evolution of China's Building Energy Service Industry Based on Synergetic Theory
## 4 Order Parameter of BESI System  
### Synergetics in BESI  
As mentioned above, synergetics is adopted in dealing with self-organizing systems composed of many subsystems. In addition, the systems should have the following necessary conditions: (1) openness; (2) non-equilibrium state; (3) non-linear; (4) mutation; (5) fluctuations; and (6) positive feedback. The BESI system is a complex system including several subsystems, which can be regarded as a self-organizing system in which matter, energy, and information are exchanged with the external environment. Figure 3 conceptually describes the BESI system. The basic unit of the BESI system is the energy service company (ESCO) and other stakeholders, including the government departments, clients, media, equipment suppliers, finance agencies, and third-party certification authorities [29]. The ellipse in Figure 3 represents the boundary of the BESI system, and internal forces, which are caused by the interacted internal entities, are shown as the dotted arrows inside the ellipse. In contrast, external forces, which are caused by the system environment, are represented by solid arrows. The external environment of the BESI system is complex. According to the Porter Diamond Model and the contents described in previous research, the development of an industry can be regarded as the interaction between governmental factors, demand conditions, related and supporting industries, the factors' conditions, and chance [29; 36]. Thus, we can divide the BESI system into four subsystems, as shown in Figure 4: the core operation subsystem, the production factor subsystem, the industry-standard subsystem, and the external environment subsystem. The core of the whole system is \"the core operation subsystem\", which aims to provide building energy services. The remaining three are intended to provide the appropriate resources for the core operating subsystem. The four subsystems are interrelated, exchanging material, energy, and information with the outside world, and they jointly promote the development of the building energy efficiency services industry. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline
**No.** & **Affiliation** & **Position** & **Participation** \\ \hline
1 & Southeast University & Professor & I-1 \\
2 & The Hong Kong Polytechnic University & Associate professor & I-1, I-2 \\
3 & Southeast University & Postdoctoral fellow & I-1 \\
4 & Chongqing University & Lecturer & I-1, GM \\
5 & Chongqing University & Professor & I-1, GM \\
6 & EMCA & Researcher & I-1, GM \\
7 & EMCA & Researcher & I-1, GM \\
8 & Lingxiang Environmental Protection Co., Ltd. & Chief executive & GM \\
9 & China Everbright Bank & Manager & I-1, GM \\
10 & Jialida Co., Ltd. & Manager & I-1, GM \\
11 & Zhongjiang Energy Co., Ltd. & Manager & GM \\
12 & The Hong Kong Polytechnic University & Researcher & I-1 \\
13 & Datang Energy Saving Technology Co., Ltd. & Technician & GM \\
14 & Southeast University & Associate professor & I-1 \\
15 & Aijing Energy Saving Technology Co., Ltd. & Manager & I-1, GM \\
16 & EMCA & Researcher & I-2 \\
17 & The Hong Kong Polytechnic University & Professor & I-2 \\
18 & Huadian Energy Co., Ltd. & Manager & I-1, I-2 \\
19 & Daneng Energy Saving Technology Co., Ltd. & Technician & I-1, I-2 \\
20 & Zhiguang Energy Saving Co., Ltd. & Technician & I-2 \\
21 & Zhengmao Energy Saving Co., Ltd. & Technician & I-1, I-2 \\
22 & Shengyuan New Energy Co., Ltd. & Manager & I-2 \\ \hline \end{tabular} Note: I-1 = First Round Interview; GM = Group Meeting; I-2 = Second Round Interview.  
\end{table} 
Table 1: Information of the experts. The evolution of the BESI system is the result of the interconnection and superimposition process of these subsystems. The evolution process is illustrated in Figure 5. Following the period of system generation, the industry system will develop in chaos and order alternatively. The building energy industry system in China was initially in chaos and remains so to this day, but with progress, this may turn into order.