# Efficiency of Public R&D Management Agency and Its Improvement toward Open Innovation
## 4 Analysis of Relative Efficiency of Planning and Evaluation Cost
### Discussion
#### 4.3.2 The Role of Public R&D Agencies as the Engine of Open Innovation Found from DEA Analysis  
The findings of recent studies are as follows. By using the DEA models from the perspective of open innovation, [PERSON] and [PERSON] (2009) [26] found that small enterprises conducting government-funded R&D projects showed higher efficiency. [PERSON] et al. (2011) [27] assessed the efficiency of R&D projects supported by the government in scientific and technological areas such as papers and patents by utilizing science and technology investment and performance data of NTIS (National Science and Technology Information Service). [PERSON] et al. (2019) [15] suggested improving the efficiency of public R&D through the improvement of the royalty system. [PERSON] et al. (2019) [6] suggested improving the pro \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline  & **DMU** & \multirow{2}{*}{
\begin{tabular}{c} **Efficiency** \\ **(BCC)** \\ \end{tabular} } & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Congestion (\%)**} \\ \cline{3-5}
**Ministry** & & **R\&D Management** & **(BCC)** & **Manpower** & **Planning and evaluation Cost** \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{MSIT} & NRF & 1.00 & & \\ \cline{2-5}  & IITP & 0.38 & & \\ \cline{2-5}  & KEIT & 0.36 & & 8.46 \\ \cline{2-5}  & KIAT & 0.82 & & 42.50 \\ \cline{2-5}  & KEETEP & 1.00 & & 19.11 \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{MSS} & TIPA & 0.26 & & 4.20 \\ \cline{2-5}  & IMTST & 0.78 & & 32.83 \\ \hline MOLIT & KAIA & 0.50 & & 10.42 \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{MCST} & MOHW & KHIDI & 1.00 & 4.67 & \\ \cline{2-5}  & KOCCA & 0.39 & & 11.12 \\ \cline{2-5}  & Korea Copyright & \multirow{2}{*}{1.00} & \multirow{2}{*}{5.58} & \\ \cline{2-5}  & Commission & & & \\ \cline{2-5}  & Korea Sports & \multirow{2}{*}{1.00} & \multirow{2}{*}{28.53} & \\ \cline{2-5}  & Promotion Foundation & & & \\ \hline MAFRA & IPET & 0.88 & & 28.53 \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} Korea Forest \\ Service \\ \end{tabular} } & KOFPI & 1.00 & & \\ \hline ME & KEITI & 0.72 & & 6.08 \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{\
\begin{tabular}{c} Korea \\ Meteorological \\ Administration \\ \end{tabular} } & Korea Meteorological & \multirow{3}{*}{0.77} & \multirow{3}{*}{20.31} & \\  & Institute & & & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{NSSC} & Korea Foundation of & \multirow{3}{*}{0.42} & \multirow{3}{*}{1.74} \\  & Nuclear Safety & & & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{
\begin{tabular}{c} Mean \\ SD \\ \end{tabular} } & 0.72 & 10.19 & 16.50 \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{2-5}  & SD & 0.27 & 7.17 & 13.05 \\ \hline \multicolumn{5}{c}{Occurrence rate} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{17.65} & 58.82 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 10: Congestion analysis results of R&D agencies. ductivity of public R&D by improving the operational-efficiency of public R&D agencies. In addition, [PERSON] and [PERSON] (2020) [28] conducted a study on business model development from the perspective of open innovation. Based on the above related research and DEA analysis results, this study intends to discuss the improvement direction of the role of public R&D management agency as the engine of open innovation as follows. Nine agencies such as IITP, KEIT and KIAT, which showed lower pure technical efficiency than scale efficiency, should seek various ways to improve such as operational system improvement and organizational restructuring. On the other hand, it was found that the cause of inefficiency of five agencies, such as KETEP and KHIDI was not due to pure technical efficiency, but rather to inefficiency of scale. This is thought to be able to reduce inefficiencies in the CCR model through appropriate management of manpower and planning and evaluation cost when outputs such as project cost and number of projects are given. Rather than a strategy to increase output by expanding inputs, it seems desirable for these agencies to choose a strategy to reduce inputs while maintaining existing outputs. Such agencies can be interpreted as the need to reduce planning and evaluation costs.