# Efficient and Secured Mechanisms for Data Link in IoT WSNs: A Literature Review
## 12 Security Issues concerning the Data Link Layer
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Sc.\#** & **Authors Name and Year** & **Problem** & **Contribution** & **Research Gaps** \\ \hline
1. & [PERSON] et al., 2020 [104] & There is no significant variation in quality measurement in insensitive systems using scalar and visual sensors to perform control functions. & Failures in hardware, networking, and vision coverage are considered when assessing the efficiency of wireless sensor & Lacks reliability involving monitoring modifications to the system due to faults or repairs. Self-diagnosis features should be a part of enhancing QoS. \\ \hline
2. & [PERSON] et al., 2018 [105] & A significant issue is noted when sensor nodes forward a sensor node that closes the static sink: Massive amounts of data from more distant sensors are being collected in the deployed network. Thus, the network’s multi-to-one traffic pattern stems from these sensors bearing a large traffic load. The network’s throughput problem is caused vulnerability to energy depletion when consuming energy. &
\begin{tabular}{c} To reliably share sensor data, the NRF protocol can be used. \\ Camera processing and sensors to capture illumination, moisture, \\ humidity, temperature, and other \\ parameters are used to detect \\ weeds. \\ \end{tabular} & The communication architecture that ensures diverse QoS-aware data should have been considered for collection with minimal data replication for multiple \\
4. & [PERSON], [PERSON] & \
\begin{tabular}{c} To relax the system’s data, the \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} The framework does not meet \\ modern requirements as it lacks \\ mobile application control of the \\ robot, which could have been a \\ positive asset toward achieving \\ better QoS for users. \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline
4. & \begin{tabular}{c} [PERSON], [PERSON], [PERSON], 2020 \\ [107] \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} Time synchronization is another crucial and \\ challenging topic for WSNs. The machine \\ must provide a suitable logical time clock \\ for all devices and objects in IoT \\ on all devices and objects in IoT \\ on environments. Any attacker or malicious \\ node in an IoT system can attempt to \\ disrupt clock synchronization. \\ \end{tabular} & \
\begin{tabular}{c} Prevention capabilities are \\ quantitatively superior, and \\ attention efficiency in the IoT \\ can be improved qualitatively. \\ High performance, low \\ computing and connectivity costs, \\ and the lower consumption of \\ resources were positive attributes. \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} The system lacks the \\ implementation of various sensor \\ nodes to check actual conditions \\ and configure sensors in the \\ region. The system is limited to \\ research only. \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline
6. & [PERSON] et al., 2020 [109] & \begin{tabular}{c} Agricultural WSNs face many difficulties, \\ such as multitasking with critical problems \\ of data collection and processing to \\ maintain data accuracy and reduce lag for \\ better performance. \\ \end{tabular} & \
\begin{tabular}{c} A double selection approach \\ determines the right node and \\ sensor network that satisfies data \\ quality and collection time \\ constraints. A data collection \\ algorithm is developed based on a \\ set of data quality values. \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} The mentioned algorithm has no \\ capacity for data collection from \\ the natural environment, limiting \\ its use to research only. \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline
7. & \begin{tabular}{c} [PERSON] \\ and [PERSON] \\ [110] \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} The network of wireless sensors is \\ incredibly resource-restricted. Because \\ sensor nodes are battery-powered and \\ deployed in hazardous areas, it is difficult \\ to recharge or replace batteries after \\ deployed. Stable routing protocols are \\ needed to improve network life and offset \\ energy consumption. \\ \end{tabular} & \
\begin{tabular}{c} The algorithm outperforms \\ traditional protocols in terms of \\ efficiency parameters such as \\ network energy consumption, \\ average sensor node energy \\ consumption, packet failure \\ percentage, packet distribution \\ ratio, and network throughput. \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} The route is not configured in the \\ framework, which defines the route \\ policy that triggers packet loss if \\ the base station is far away; the \\ ZH must waste most of its energy \\ on data transfer, causing flow \\ control and QoS issues. \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline
8. & \begin{tabular}{c} [PERSON] et al., 2020 \\ [111] \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} In terms of generation, energy, transmission, \\ and memory capacities, sensors have \\ limited resources that can adversely affect \\ agricultural production. In addition to their \\ performance, the security and protection of \\ these IoT-based agricultural sensors are \\ critical for malevolent attackers. \\ \end{tabular} & \
\begin{tabular}{c} The device has dramatically \\ improved communication \\ performance, network throughput, \\ packet drop ratio, network latency, \\ energy consumption, and routing \\ overhead for intelligent \\ agriculture. \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} The framework lacks the \\ evaluation required to match the \\ consistency and performance of \\ the device in a mobile-based IoT \\ environment that cannot be \\ configured; thus, it does not meet \\ the modern requirements of IoT \\ frameworks. \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline
9. & [PERSON] et al., 2021 [112] & Despite developing a novel lightweight \\ cryptographic approach for WSNs, there & A lightweight cryptographic \\ are various limitations, including flexibility, & \
\begin{tabular}{c} A lightweight cryptographic \\ technique, “FlexCrypt”, is \\ developed to address the existing \\ issues. \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} The framework looks the \\ technique, “FlexCrypt”, is \\ developed to address the existing \\ issues. \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}