A Review of Clothing Components in the Development of Wearable Textile Antennas: Design and Experimental Procedure  
[PERSON]  
1  
[PERSON]  
1  
[PERSON]  
1  
[PERSON]  
1  
Footnote 1: email: {[PERSON], 1, email: {  
there are two main categories of wearable antennas: textile and non-textile antennas. Textile antennas inherently provide flexible and lightweight solutions that can be easily integrated inside garments by partially or fully utilizing textile materials for both the conductive elements and the supporting dielectric substrates. In contrast, the non-textile antennas do not employ textile items for the fabrication of the antenna's conductive and non-conductive parts. Therefore, this type of wearable antenna needs to be made of flexible and low-profile rigid materials to facilitate the attachment to clothes without obstructing the user's wearing comfort. Apart from these wearable antenna categories, textile antennas that use clothing components (CC) as means of radiation and/or integration into clothes have considerably gained scientific interest. Typical clothing components which can be applied to wearable antenna technology are buttons, snap-on buttons, Velcro tapes, and zip fasteners. In the literature, various instructive reviews can be found covering different aspects of wearable antenna technology. In [1], an overview of both textile and non-textile antennas is provided with an emphasis on issues related to materials selection and antenna design and fabrication. In [2], a detailed survey of wearable antennas for off-body radio communication in the very high-frequency (VHF) and ultrahigh-frequency (UHF) bands (below 1 GHz) is presented. In [3], recent material technology and new fabrication methods are discussed. Wearable antenna designs, miniaturization techniques, and applications are, also, examined. In [4], the authors point out various approaches to the technology of flexible wearable antenna sensors. Furthermore, in [5], the authors focus on the development of electro-textile wearable antennas with respect to materials, antenna designs, and manufacturing procedures. In [6], the authors present an extensive review of conductive textile materials and their use in flexible sensors and antennas. In [7], the authors emphasize on embroidery fabrication techniques and wearable textile antennas, in general. Further, in [8] the authors describe fabrication methods for flexible wearable antennas including textile ones. An extensive review of flexible and textile wearable antennas is presented in [9]. This review is conducted in terms of applications and focuses on the need for flexible antennas. Fabrication methods are described, as well. This review can be considered as a small encyclopedia of flexible and textile antennas for starting research in the field of flexible and textile antennas. Finally, wearable antennas from the 5G technology perspective are presented in [10]. This article presents \"a perspective of the future technology landscape in wearable antennas for 5G networks\". The aforementioned articles cover different areas and subjects that engulf the wireless wearable technology. Upon these surveys, the primary target of this article is to generate a thorough review of typical clothing components (e.g., buttons, snap-on buttons, Velcro, and zips) that can be applied to wearable textile antenna technology. The performance significance of these CCs in terms of wearability, low-profile, and reconfigurable operation use along with potential wearable antenna applications will be reported. The vital perspective is to exploit available metal structures on clothing as radiating parts of wearable antennas. Button and zipper antenna designs can be considered promising candidates in wearable textile antenna technology. Such antennas would take advantage of the electrical (e.g., conductivity) and mechanical (e.g., rigidness) properties of the metallic CCs.