## 6 Simulation and Results
### Link Budget Estimation for Intra-Chip Communication  
Figures 7 and 8 illustrate \(S_{21}\) versus frequency for the antennas under investigation, with Antenna A as the reference. In this context, IL\({}_{BA}\), IL\({}_{CA}\), IL\({}_{EA}\), and IL\({}_{IA}\) represent the insertion loss (IL) with respect to Antenna A. To define the bandwidth, we consider the range of frequencies where the changes in insertion loss IL\({}_{IA}<2\) dB (where i = B, C, E, I) are within this limit. The 2 dB threshold indicates an approximate value for a channel without significant distortion [50]. The maximum channel bandwidth in the case of a dipole antenna are as follows: Antenna B is 9 GHz (379-388 GHz), Antenna C is 7 GHz (499-506 GHz), Antenna E is 8 GHz (530-538 GHz), and Antenna I is 7 GHz (376-383). The insertion for the dipole antenna in the 2 dB threshold is shown in Figure 13. Similarly, the maximum channel bandwidth in the case of a zigzag antenna are as follows: Antenna B is 2 GHz (468.5-470.5 GHz), Antenna C is 3 GHz (478.5-481.5 GHz), Antenna E is 4 GHz (472-476 GHz), and Antenna G is 2 GHz (474-476 GHz). The insertion loss for the zigzag antenna having values under the 2 dB threshold is shown in Figure 14. All the frequencies fall under the \(-10\) dB reflection coefficient values of the respective antenna. Figure 14: The insertion loss of zigzag antenna pairs of less than \(<\)2 dB when Antenna A is transmitting. Figure 13: The insertion loss of dipole antenna pairs of less than \(<\)2 dB when Antenna A is transmitting. Based on Figures 13 and 14, we established a dedicated channel for each pair of antennas. In the context of analyzing the binary OOK modulation, we may infer that \(\mathrm{SNR}_{min}=24\) dB is the minimum SNR required for an error probability of \(10^{-14}\). This error probability measures how likely it is that noise, interference, or other communication channel imperfections could cause the received signal to be misinterpreted. Subsequently, we calculate the necessary bit energies for transmission and reception as follows [50]. Noise power is given by the following:  
\[P_{n}=-174\,\mathrm{dBm}/\mathrm{Hz}+10\log_{10}(BW)+NF \tag{2}\]  
where \(-174\) dBm\(/\mathrm{Hz}\) is the thermal noise floor at room temperature, with BW as the bandwidth (in Hz) and NF as the noise figure (10 dB). The received power (\(P_{rx}\)) (dBm) and transmitted power (\(P_{tx}\)) (dBm) are given by the following:  
\[P_{rx}=P_{n}+SNR_{\mathrm{min}}\text{ and }P_{\mathrm{tx}}=P_{rx}+\mathrm{IL} \tag{3}\]  
Finally, the energy per bit for the receiver and transmitter are calculated by the following:  
\[E_{rx}=\frac{P_{r}}{R_{b}}\text{ and }E_{tx}=\frac{P_{t}}{R_{b}} \tag{4}\]  
where \(P_{r}\) and \(P_{t}\) are in watt. With the corresponding insertion loss and bandwidth of each antenna with Antenna A as a reference, using (2)-(4), the energy per bit for a transmitter and receiver is computed along with the bit rate, as shown in Table 2.  
In Table 2, when Antenna A is a dipole, Antennas B, C, E, and G are also dipole antennas. Similarly, when Antenna A is a zigzag, Antennas B, C, E, and G are zigzag antennas as well. According to our 2 dB threshold assumption, based on the simulated results, the dipole antenna demonstrates a wider bandwidth compared with the zigzag antenna, resulting in a higher bit rate for the dipole antenna. Typically, the target energy expenditure required for WNoC communication to remain competitive with wired communication is less than 1 pJ/bit. This energy includes the energy consumed by all transceiver devices. The data obtained for our best-case channel, as shown in Table 2, indicate that even for the maximum IL of \(-35.08\) dB for the dipole antenna and \(-30.84\) for the zigzag antenna, the required energies are \(4.04\times 10^{-15}\) J and \(1.52\times 10^{-15}\) J, respectively. These values fall below the targeted energy expenditure threshold.