# Telehealth Using PoseNet-Based System for In-Home Rehabilitation
## 5 Results and Discussion
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Angular Movement**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Subject’s Angular Movement**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{\(A_{\mu}\) = KIT Angular Movement, \(F_{\mu}\) = Subject’s Angular Movement**} \\ \cline{3-8}  & & **(KIT Dataset)** & **Day 1** & **Day 2** & & **Deviation Rate** & **Deviation Rate** & **Deviation Rate** \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{Subject 1 (Male)} & Mean, \(\mu\) & 143.04 & 140.83 & 142.83 & MAD & 24.27 & 21.81 \\ \cline{2-8}  & \multirow{2}{*}{Left Elbow} & Standard & \multirow{2}{*}{41.09} & \multirow{2}{*}{43.06} & \multirow{2}{*}{41.49} & MSE & 1834.36 & 1403.42 \\  & & Deviation, \(\sigma\) & & & & & & \\ \cline{3-8}  & \multirow{2}{*}{Right Elbow} & Mean, \(\mu\) & 142.25 & 138.13 & 141.1 & MAD & 26.78 & 22.7 \\ \cline{3-8}  & \multirow{2}{*}{Right Elbow} & Standard & \multirow{2}{*}{42.59} & \multirow{2}{*}{46.37} & \multirow{2}{*}{44.34} & MSE & 1715.62 & 1399.89 \\  & & Deviation, \(\sigma\) & & & & & & \\ \cline{3-8}  & \multirow{2}{*}{Left Knee} & Mean, \(\mu\) & 175.46 & 171.83 & 172.58 & MAD & 3.62 & 2.88 \\ \cline{3-8}  & \multirow{2}{*}{Left Knee} & Standard & \multirow{2}{*}{1.35} & \multirow{2}{*}{0.64} & \multirow{2}{*}{1.05} & MSE & 15.63 & 10.86 \\  & & Deviation, \(\sigma\) & & & & & & \\ \cline{3-8}  & \multirow{2}{*}{Right Knee} & Mean, \(\mu\) & 174.83 & 175.14 & 176.52 & MAD & 1.91 & 2.87 \\ \cline{3-8}  & \multirow{2}{*}{Right Knee} & Standard & \multirow{2}{*}{1.23} & \multirow{2}{*}{2.25} & \multirow{2}{*}{2.72} & MSE & 6.3 & 10.25 \\  & & Deviation, \(\sigma\) & & & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{Subject 2 (Female)} & Mean, \(\mu\) & 143.04 & 141.08 & 142.52 & MAD & 13.95 & 9.2 \\ \cline{3-8}  & \multirow{2}{*}{Left Elbow} & Standard & \multirow{2}{*}{41.09} & \multirow{2}{*}{42.41} & \multirow{2}{*}{40.74} & MSE & 673.99 & 375.88 \\  & & Deviation, \(\sigma\) & & & & & & \\ \cline{3-8}  & \multirow{2}{*}{Right Elbow} & Mean, \(\mu\) & 142.25 & 139.98 & 140.55 & MAD & 16.02 & 10.22 \\ \cline{3-8}  & \multirow{2}{*}{Right Elbow} & Standard & \multirow{2}{*}{42.59} & \multirow{2}{*}{44.74} & MSE & 815.41 & 384.23 \\  & & Deviation, \(\sigma\) & & & & & & \\ \cline{3-8}  & \multirow{2}{*}{Left Knee} & Mean, \(\mu\) & 175.46 & 171.99 & 172.08 & MAD & 3.49 & 3.39 \\ \cline{3-8}  & \multirow{2}{*}{Left Knee} & Standard & \multirow{2}{*}{1.35} & \multirow{2}{*}{0.95} & \multirow{2}{*}{0.82} & MSE & 15.03 & 13.79 \\  & & Deviation, \(\sigma\) & & & & & & \\ \cline{3-8}  & \multirow{2}{*}{Right Knee} & Mean, \(\mu\) & 174.83 & 178.26 & 176.52 & MAD & 3.46 & 1.89 \\ \cline{3-8}  & \multirow{2}{*}{Right Knee} & Standard & \multirow{2}{*}{1.23} & \multirow{2}{*}{0.48} & \multirow{2}{*}{2.38} & MSE & 13.79 & 5.42 \\ \cline{3-8}  & & Deviation, \(\sigma\) & & & & & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Mean, Standard Deviation, MAD, MSE and MAPE for functionality test 1. In summary, both functional tests have demonstrated the PoseNet-based system for in-home rehabilitation with the following validations: (1) using PoseNet with an ordinary webcam to detect the patients' angular movements; (2) an automated comparison of the patients' angular movements on different days is instantly available for patients and doctors after the rehabilitation exercise; (3) visualization graph and statistical computation is automatically generated for doctors to examine the patients' recovery rate with a more in-depth analysis. Although the functionality of the skeleton detection is validated to offer the angular movement graph and statistical computation for the doctor's evaluation, there are two limitations that need to be considered in the proposed system. First, the patient needs to ensure that no other human is visible within the webcam view during the rehabilitation session as this will lead to inaccurate skeleton detection. Second, the patient needs to ensure that his/her laptop is placed following the recommended standing distance as specified in the system setup (Figure 9).