# A 5G-Based VR Application for Efficient Port Management
## 6 Conclusions  
This paper introduces the application of 5G + VR in smart ports by elaborately discussing the application prospects of new-generation information technologies such as edge cloud computing, big data, Internet of Things, mobile Internet, and intelligent control. At the same time, this paper shows a demonstration of building a smart port with in-depth integration of information technology and port business based on modern infrastructure and equipment. The major contribution of this paper is that it firstly studied the feasibility and reliability of 5G + VR in smart ports. Through the network QoS tracking, it is confident to say that the current 5G network is feasible for the transmission of VR, only if the virtual scene is carefully designed to transmit minimum data according to real-time QoS level. At the same time, the overall design plan for the smart port is constructed from multiple aspects such as autonomous driving, remote control of mechanical equipment, smart security, emergency command, and an intelligent container tally system. The smart port architecture combines key VR technologies such as video collection, transmission processing, and video playback. By building a target platform for the loading and unloading operations of general cargo terminals, operators can remotely view the operation scenario, and take action on the real terminal devices in the loading and unloading operations of the smart port. With the help of 5G's massive bandwidth, ultra-low delay, and high reliability, the live VR video of the remote scene and the control commands can meet the requirement for data transmission and remote control. The smart port operation safety and efficiency are highly improved in comparison with traditional ports. The current traditional ports have a high turnover of personnel. What is more, the risk avoidance measures are not perfect, which may cause major accidents and losses in cases such as extreme weather. Compared with traditional ports and other port systems with VR, the proposed architecture adopts a full aspect of information from multiple sources based on 5G network and make interactions through immersive VR. The system supports efficient interaction in real-time, making comprehensive decisions, and, also, simulating the training of workers remotely regardless of restricted environments and weather conditions.  
The limitation in this paper is that not all applications are fully implemented and verified by a full set of QoS and QoE analysis. In future work, it is hoped that based on the proposed smart port architecture, more specific parameters (e.g., QoS requirement, control channel stability) for each operation scenario will be determined, providing a scientific basis for the selection of port operating equipment and a reasonable number of decisions.  
Conceptualization, Y.H. and N.C.; methodology, Y.H. and W.W.; software, W.W., R.Z. and H.Y.; validation, W.W., R.Z. and H.Y.; formal analysis, W.W.; investigation, W.W.; resources, J.W. and Y.B.; data curation, W.W.; writing--original draft preparation, W.W., Y.H. and N.C.; writing--review and editing, Y.H. and N.C.; visualization, W.W., R.Z. and H.Y.; supervision, Y.Z.; project administration, Y.H.; funding acquisition, Y.Z. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
This work was supported by a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 61801341). This work was also supported by the Research Project of Wuhan University of Technology Chongqing Research Institute (No. YF2021-06), Shanghai Sailing Program (No. 19 YF1455900), and the National innovation and entrepreneurship training program for college students with Grant No. S202010497211.  
Not applicable.  
Informed Consent StatementInformed consent was obtained from all subjects involved in the study.  
The simulation data used to support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon request.  
The authors declare no conflict of interest.