# Laboratory Testing and Analysis of Clay Soil Stabilization Using Waste Marble Powder
## 3 Results and Discussion
### Validation of Models
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline  & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**Performance Criteria for UPV**} \\ \hline  & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**ANN**} \\ \hline
**Training** & \(\mathbf{R^{2}}\) & **MSE** & **RMSE** & **R** \\ \hline TANSIG-1 & 0.86345 & 0.012736 & 0.112853 & 0.745547 \\ \hline TANSIG-2 & 0 & 0 & 0 & \(-1.67406\) \\ \hline TANSIG-3 & 0.741965 & 0.015311 & 0.123738 & 0.550511 \\ \hline PURELIN-1 & 0.773548 & 0.020102 & 0.141781 & 0.598376 \\ \hline PURELIN-2 & 0 & 0 & 0 & \(-6.6081\) \\ \hline PURELIN-3 & 0.635361 & 0.020313 & 0.142522 & 0.403684 \\ \hline LOOSIGM-1 & 0.860028 & 0.013031 & 0.114154 & 0.739648 \\ \hline LOOSIGM-2 & 0 & 0 & 0 & \(-10.4289\) \\ \hline LOOSIGM-3 & 0.900973 & 0.006412 & 0.080077 & 0.811752 \\ \hline \multicolumn{4}{c}{**Testing**} \\ \hline TANSIG-1 & 0.793585 & 0.009322 & 0.096551 & 0.629777 \\ \hline TANSIG-2 & 0 & 0 & 0 & \(-0.08955\) \\ \hline TANSIG-3 & 0.798659 & 0.019459 & 0 & \(0.637856\) \\ \hline PURELIN-1 & 0.408841 & 0.020971 & 0.144813 & 0.167151 \\ \hline PURELIN-2 & 0 & 0 & 0 & \(-0.64634\) \\ \hline PURELIN-3 & 0.723872 & 0.025578 & 0.159931 & 0.52399 \\ \hline LOOSIGM-1 & 0.412758 & 0.02089 & 0.144533 & 0.170369 \\ \hline LOOSIGM-2 & 0 & 0 & 0 & \(-0.85259\) \\ \hline LOOSIGM-3 & 0.90483 & 0.009741 & 0.098697 & 0.818717 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 7: The training phase and testing phase of UPV of the ANN model. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline  & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**Performance Criteria for UCS**} \\ \hline TANSIG-3 & 0.798742 & 0.032909 & 0.181408 & 0.637989 \\ \hline PURELIN-1 & 0.904147 & 0.023242 & 0.152452 & 0.817482 \\ \hline PURELIN-2 & 0.686603 & 0.105066 & 0.324139 & 0.471424 \\ \hline PURELIN-3 & 0.754218 & 0.039194 & 0.197976 & 0.568844 \\ \hline LOOSIGM-1 & 0.846953 & 0.035995 & 0.189723 & 0.71733 \\ \hline LOOSIGM-2 & 0.82197 & 0.064475 & 0.253919 & 0.675635 \\ \hline LOOSIGM-3 & 0.814882 & 0.030541 & 0.17476 & 0.664032 \\ \hline \multicolumn{4}{c}{**Testing**} \\ \hline TANSIG-1 & 0.601973 & 0.042325 & 0.20573 & 0.362372 \\ \hline TANSIG-2 & 0.622862 & 0.069647 & 0.263908 & 0.387956 \\ \hline TANSIG-3 & 0.874912 & 0.030024 & 0.173274 & 0.765472 \\ \hline PURELIN-1 & 0.54196 & 0.046882 & 0.216522 & 0.293721 \\ \hline PURELIN-2 & 0.471229 & 0.088526 & 0.297533 & 0.222057 \\ \hline PURELIN-3 & 0.703579 & 0.064647 & 0.254257 & 0.495023 \\ \hline LOOSIGM-1 & 0.741733 & 0.029859 & 0.172798 & 0.550168 \\ \hline LOOSIGM-2 & 0.558 & 0.078363 & 0.279934 & 0.311364 \\ \hline LOOSIGM-3 & 0.887453 & 0.027195 & 0.164908 & 0.787573 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 6: _Cont._Furthermore, the systematic evaluation of different artificial neural network (ANN) training functions and input parameters provides a unique approach to optimize the model architecture specifically for soil stabilization using marble powder. The use of parametric optimization at this level allows for the development of customized artificial neural network (ANN) models specifically designed for this particular application. This study significantly enhances the design and predictive capabilities of artificial neural network (ANN) models by accurately and uniquely representing the improvements in UCS and UPV achieved through the use of marble powder as a soil stabilizer. The results of this research contribute to the optimized application of this environmentally friendly soil stabilizer.