## 3 Results and Analysis
### Consistency of Latitude Changes in Vegetation Phenology  
#### 3.3.1 Significant Trends in Vegetation Phenology by Latitude  
Studying significant trends in vegetation phenology reveals dynamic changes in vegetation. In this research, to analyse change trends according to latitude, we divided the region above 30\({}^{\circ}\)N into 0.083\({}^{\circ}\) latitude zones and calculated the number of significant phenology trends in each zone using the five above-stated methods (Figure 5). By analysing the SOS latitude changes under these methods (Figure 5A), we found that the curve variation law for the number of pixels with a significant trend was consistent under Methods 1 to 4, showing a strong increasing trend from low to high latitudes and a maximum value at approximately 65\({}^{\circ}\)N. However, far fewer pixels show a significant trend under Method 5, and the maximum number of pixels in latitudes appears earlier, at approximately 60\({}^{\circ}\)N.  
Furthermore, under the same five methods, the significant number of SOS trends is mainly distributed between 50\({}^{\circ}\)N and 70\({}^{\circ}\)N, while the EOS curve change denoting the significant number of pixels in latitudes is very similar to the SOS (Figure 5B), except for Method 5. Under that method, the maximum number of pixels for EOS is earlier than for SOS and appears at approximately 58\({}^{\circ}\)N. Meanwhile, for all the five methods, the pixel distribution range of a significant EOS trend has increased and is mainly distributed between 45\({}^{\circ}\)N and 70\({}^{\circ}\)N.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Continent** & **Latitude** & **Method 1** & **Method 2** & **Method 3** & **Method 4** & **Method 5** \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Asia} & 30\({}^{\circ}\)–45\({}^{\circ}\)N & 0.34 & 0.32 & 0.30 & 0.29 & 0.36 \\  & 45\({}^{\circ}\)–60\({}^{\circ}\)N & 0.38 & 0.21 & 0.07 & 0.16 & 0.37 \\  & 60\({}^{\circ}\)–75\({}^{\circ}\)–03 & \(-\)0.46 & \(-\)0.58 & \(-\)0.47 & \(-\)0.50 & \(-\)0.01 \\  & 75\({}^{\circ}\)–90\({}^{\circ}\)N & 0.21 & 0.05 & 0.24 & 0.12 & 0.26 \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Europe} & 30\({}^{\circ}\)–45\({}^{\circ}\)N & \(-\)0.09 & 0.22 & 0.62 & 0.08 & 0.41 \\  & 45\({}^{\circ}\)–60\({}^{\circ}\)N & 0.69 & 0.75 & 0.43 & 0.54 & 0.54 \\  & 60\({}^{\circ}\)–75\({}^{\circ}\)N & 0.28 & 0.00 & 0.16 & 0.05 & 0.53 \\  & 75\({}^{\circ}\)–90\({}^{\circ}\)N & \(-\)0.31 & \(-\)0.32 & \(-\)0.28 & \(-\)0.28 & \(-\)0.28 \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{North America} & 30\({}^{\circ}\)–45\({}^{\circ}\)N & 0.23 & 0.17 & 0.40 & 0.31 & 0.15 \\  & 45\({}^{\circ}\)–60\({}^{\circ}\)N & 0.30 & 0.29 & 0.06 & 0.14 & 0.35 \\ \cline{1-1}  & 60\({}^{\circ}\)–75\({}^{\circ}\)N & \(-\)0.57 & \(-\)0.56 & \(-\)0.54 & \(-\)0.56 & \(-\)0.29 \\ \cline{1-1}  & 75\({}^{\circ}\)–90\({}^{\circ}\)N & 0.08 & \(-\)0.07 & 0.22 & 0.00 & 0.24 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} The values in the table represent the EOS average trend of all pixels in different regions under different extraction methods from 1982 to 2015.  
\end{table}
Table 2: Trends of the EOS under different extraction methods at different latitudes.  
Figure 5: Pixel changes of significant phenological trends under different methods. (**A**,**B**), respectively represent the number of pixels of the SOS and EOS under different methods in latitudes, and different colours represent corresponding methods.