## 1 Introduction  
Energy demands in developing countries such as South Africa, India, Brazil and China have marked a sharp increase based on the statistical data among 69 countries [1]. To be conclusive, most energy supply rooting from fossil fuels is the main energy consumption characteristic in these countries. On one hand, currently improper energy structure should be improved by increasing application of renewable energy such as wind, solar and biomass; on the other hand, techniques should be developed to enhance the overall energy efficiency. One possible way to improve energy efficiency is optimizing the working performance and reliability of reciprocating compressor since it is an important component in many industries such as refrigeration systems, petrochemical plants and civil applications, and has a significant role among the total energy consumption. Particular attention should be paid to the enhancement of thermodynamic efficiency and the control of pressure pulsation which may induce local noise and piping vibration. In this view, contribution of a well-tuned numerical model in the preliminary design process is unquestionable for evaluating the compressor performance and preventing its matching mistakes. The developed model must preserve the accuracy to meet the engineering demands without damaging the computational cost. Reciprocating compressor models based on 3D computational fluid dynamics (CFD) give the most detailed characterization of performance without simplifying complex geometries. [PERSON] [2] investigated valve motion and internal flow inside compression chamber by employing simplified effective flow area within the valve flow and force. [PERSON] et al. [3] applied 3D compressible Reynolds-averaged numerical model to examine the compressor flow and acoustic behavior of a suction muffler. [PERSON] et al. [4] presented an examination on the delayed colour of the suction valve in a reciprocating refrigerator compressor by varying the rotational speed and valve parameters. Although most account of compressor complex geometries is taken, the 3D CFD model cannot be suitable for specific goals especially in the preliminary design phase due to the unacceptable computational cost. The lumped parameter models being the simplified ones give results efficiently and describe the compressor performance globally. [PERSON] et al. [5] reported a simulation model to predict thermodynamic values and energy consumption of the compressor during the compression phase. Considering leakages and frictions, [PERSON] et al. [6] established a comprehensive numerical model to analyze the thermodynamic performance of a semi-hermetic CO2 reciprocating compressor. [PERSON] et al. [7] examined the effects of key valve parameters on the performance of a trans-critical refrigeration compressor. [PERSON] et al. [8] numerically analyzed the effects of natural gas compositions on thermodynamic process and it was demonstrated that natural gas with lower molar weight consumes more power per cycle than natural gas with higher molar weight. [PERSON] et al. [9] compared various integral correlations of heat transfer inside the cylinder for different compressor settings and fluids. The lumped parameter models which in-cylinder conditions are predicted by resolving energy and mass equations of cylinder control volume; however, poorly account for the reciprocal interaction between compressor and the connected pipelines. In an attempt to handle the limitations of lumped parameter models, a few linear hybrid models have emerged in the literature which couple the acoustic description of pipelines to the lumped parameter approach. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [10] reported the importance of examining pulsation effects on the thermodynamic process of reciprocating compressor with a hybrid model by using acoustic wave theory. The acoustic characteristics of pipelines were represented by four-pole method through combining the simplified acoustic elements such as pipes and volumes. [PERSON] et al.