## 2 Background
Many navigation programs, such as Google Maps, do not include data on the incline or gradient of pedestrian routes. In addition to providing information about obstacles and facilitators on sidewalks, navigation programs must also provide accurate, accessible information about specific stretches of the sidewalk to ensure safe and convenient trips [39]. The multi-criteria decision-making process is a widely used method for assessing accessibility for PWD and walkability for pedestrians. This strategy has been utilized in numerous prior studies. When employing this method, it is necessary to provide significant importance as a weight to a set of criteria. Weight elicitation is an essential step of multi-criteria decision analysis. The discussion of weights is a substantial issue in MCDM and can profoundly affect the results of multi-criteria-aiding procedures [41]. [PERSON] et al. [42] and [PERSON] et al. [43] applied MCDA to assess the walkability of pedestrians. [PERSON] et al. [42] proposed a data-driven approach to compute a walkability index for streets near urban centralities. They applied it to the Milano Rogoredo railway station as a case study. The walkability index was calculated by weighted average considering several characteristics and incorporating individual judgment about a walkable environment. [PERSON] et al. [43] assessed the walkability of streets in Lisbon, Portugal. This assessment involved evaluating different elements that influence the pedestrian-friendliness of a region and assigning rankings to streets based on their walkability levels. The evaluation tool chosen for this task was the outranking PROMETHEE (Preference Ranking Organization Method for Enrichment of Evaluations) method. For people with mobility disabilities, some studies used an MCDM approach, like the analytical hierarchy process (AHP), as a model created by [PERSON] and [PERSON] [16] to customize routing for wheelchair users. The sidewalk parameters and user priorities were the main topics of the research. This study used traffic, distance, steps, width, slope, and surface quality as criteria. This study used three weighing methods--absolute restriction, relative restriction, and path reduction--to modify the relative weights of the various routing calculation criteria. Each of these methods was implemented in four stages: (1) sidewalk parameter weighting, (2) segment impedance value quantification, (3) wheelchair user route modeling, and (4) route selection. They employed the analytical hierarchy process AHP method based on user preferences to determine a numerical weight for each sidewalk parameter. The impedance of each segment was then measured using fuzzy logic by averaging parameter weights (e.g., user-weighted slope) and segment data values (e.g., the inclination is \(2^{\circ}\)). Similarly, [PERSON] and [PERSON] (2016) [13] assigned an impedance value to each segment using the AHP approach rather than fuzzy logic. They used Z-test statistics to assess how accessible the calculated routes were compared to [PERSON] and [PERSON]'s (2009) [16] suggestions. A different approach was followed to determine the accessibility of urban streets for disabled people [44] using an alternative technique called a point system. The study examined scientific literature and local rules to identify critical characteristics that significantly impact the Disabled Pedestrian Level of Service (DPLOS). The research identified specific measures for pedestrians with disability. The authors developed an analytical point system to quantify the DPLOS by comparing existing pedestrian infrastructure to a standard. This approach measures the pedestrian conditions of present streets by weighing the importance of several variables. A case study undertaken along Canberra Road in Sembawang, Singapore, proposed an analytical point system for assessing the DPLOS by comparing current pedestrian infrastructure to a predefined standard.