## 4 Conclusions  
This study evaluated the pomological, physicochemical, and aromatic characteristics of six pomegranate landraces and the cultivar Dente di Cavallo (DC) from different regions in Italy. Significant differences were observed among the pomegranate genotypes for many of the investigated parameters. Notably, the fruit weight (FW) ranged from 127.50 g (TU3) to 525.1 g (AP2), total soluble solids (TSS) ranged from 12.9 \({}^{\circ}\)Brix (BA1) to 17.6 \({}^{\circ}\)Brix (DC), titratable acidity (TA) ranged from 0.50% (AP2) to 3.96% (LI), and sugar content ranged from 100 g/L (TU3) to 133.6 g/L (TU1). In terms of the aromatic profiles, the juice samples were primarily composed of alcohols (38-85%, AP2-TU1), aldehydes (3-41%, TU3-DC), and terpenes (5-18%, AP2-DC).  
The significant differences observed indicate that these accessions are a valuable resource for genetic improvement and the enhancement of local products. The results suggest a strong potential for the commercial exploitation of this germplasm, both as fresh and processed fruit. For example, accession AP2 showed favorable pomological and physicochemical characteristics (e.g., big fruit and seed size, sweetness, and high pH), making it suitable for the fresh use of the fruit. However, other accessions, like TU3,showed characteristics such as the small size of the fruits and seeds but a high seed yield, making them more suitable for juice production.  
Although the current results are only preliminary and do not allow for separating the effect of the environment from the genetic background, all the accessions showed different features that make them a unique and valuable source of biodiversity.  
This multidisciplinary approach allowed for obtaining an initial but comprehensive overview of the peculiarities of the various genotypes, providing valuable information for the enhancement and conservation of local genetic resources.  
The results obtained can also contribute to improving selection and cultivation strategies, promoting sustainability and the quality of fruit production.  
In conclusion, the accessions studied could be used for new production, cultivation in marginal environments, or for breeding purposes.  
Further studies will be conducted to evaluate the content and presence of nutraceutical compounds that could be used in pharmaceutical, medical, and/or cosmetic applications.  
The following supporting information can be downloaded at: [[https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/plants13182558/s1](https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/plants13182558/s1)]([https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/plants13182558/s1](https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/plants13182558/s1)), Table S1: Identification of GC-MS signals and their relative flavor notes; Figure S1: The score plot obtained from the PCA (F1-F6) denoting the principal components for the total parameters studied; Figure S2: Fruit of pomergnates. The images illustrate differences in some morpho-pomological traits as reported in Table 1. The fruits are displayed at the same size in the figure, and their images do not reflect their actual sizes. For the real fruit dimensions, please refer to Table 2. References [45; 46; 55; 56; 57; 58; 59; 60; 61; 62; 63] are cited in Supplementary Materials.  
Conceptualization, D.B., M.C., C.D. and R.P.; methodology, D.B., M.C., C.D. and R.P.; formal analysis, E.B., D.B. and R.P.; data curation, E.B., D.B. and R.P.; validation, D.B., M.C., I.M. and R.P. writing--original draft preparation, D.B., M.C., C.D. and R.P.; writing--review and editing, D.B., M.C., C.D., I.M. and R.P. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
This research received no external funding.  
Data Availability Statement: Data are contained within the article or Supplementary Materials.  
The authors declare no conflicts of interest.