# A Study on Technology Competition of Graphene Biomedical Technology Based on Patent Analysis
## 4 Analysis
### Patent Analysis
#### 4.1.3. Patent Hotspots and Fronts
For example, the scientists in Rutgers University-New Brunswick have created a graphene-based sensor that could lead to the earlier detection of looming asthma attacks and improve the diagnosis of asthma and other respiratory diseases, preventing hospitalizations and deaths [66]. It is followed by E05-U05C (Nanofilm), A12-V01 (Medicines, pharmaceuticals), B05-C06 (Elemental C or S), and D05-H09 (Testing and detection (Except Bacteria, Fungi, Viruses)). As for E05-U05C (Nanofilm), graphene films have superior properties, such as conductivity, sensitivity, mobility, and transparency, and have various potential biomedical applications in the fields of disease diagnosis, water desalination, and electronics. Currently, graphene film has emerged as a promising candidate for good development prospects, for instance, bone regeneration, glucose detection, artificial kidneys and dialysis, and so on. To be more specific, [PERSON] et al. developed a self-supporting graphene hydrogel (SGH) film, which has extraordinary properties, such as good biocompatibility, osteoinductivity, appropriate mechanical strength and potential degradability. It can be well applied to direct monitoring in vivo, for instance, bone regeneration [67]. In addition, the graphene-glucose oxidase was consisted of a nano-biocomposite thin film, which used for glucose sensing and was readily applicable to the fabrication of other biosensors based on oxidases [68]. Moreover, Graphene Oxide films with more than 2-nm spacing may be produced for possible application in artificial kidneys and dialysis that require precise separation of large biomolecules and small waste molecules [69]. Due to unique properties such as super conductivity, chemical and mechanical stability, large surface area, and good biocompatibility, the impact of graphene-related materials on the technological field A12-V01 (Medicines, pharmaceuticals) are emphasized, with particular emphasis on drug delivery, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine [72; 73]. The latest advances in drug delivery applications include the delivery of different therapeutics such as anti-cancer drugs, DNA, genes, the concepts for targeting delivery, controlled and stimulated drug release (pH, temperature, photo and magnetic) and the design of graphene nanohybrids for combined therapy and imaging [74]. In addition, graphene can interact with other biomolecules such as DNA, enzymes, proteins, or peptides for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. The outstanding mechanical strength, stiffness and electrical conductivity make graphene-based materials a good candidate for cardiac, neural, bone, cartilage, skeletal muscle, and skin/adipose tissue engineering [75]. Regarding B05-C06 (Elemental C or S), graphene can be generally considered as the mother of two-dimensional (2-D) materials. It's the only one of the conjugated carbon allotropes in which carbon is rigorously sp2 hybridized [82]. Recently, graphene and its chemical derivatives have been widely used in multifunctional biomedical applications, including bio-imaging, tissue engineering, drug delivery, etc. [83; 84]. Due to the excellent optical properties of graphene, [PERSON] et al. developed a fluorescent hybrid by using graphene oxide (GO) - sheet - coated mesoporous silica nanoparticles. This hybrid possesses remarkable biocompatibility and stability, which serves as a platform for bio-imaging applications, including specific in vitro and in vivo cellular imaging [85]. In addition, while the outstanding mechanical strength, and electrical conductivity are suitable for bone and neural tissue engineering, graphene's large surface area and availability of free \(\pi\) electrons make graphene-based materials a good candidate for gene and drug delivery platform [86; 87]. The D05-H09 (Testing and detection (Except Bacteria, Fungi, Viruses) can be a promising potential in biomedical application, including proteins, ATP, glucose, and so on [33; 89].