## 3 Results and Discussion
### The Signaling Pathways Underlying Satellite Cell Regulation
#### 3.3.2 Wnt
The reciprocal regulation of miR-199a-5p with these regulatory factors was discovered to be essential in diagnosing DMD at an early stage via a non-invasive diagnostic approach using blood serum from young patients [80]. Therefore, regulating miR-199a-5p may have a beneficial impact on myogenic progression to ameliorate dystrophic skeletal muscle. The findings of the mentioned articles are presented in Table 3.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**No. ** & **Author(s)** & \begin{tabular}{c} **Year of** \\ **Publication** \\ \end{tabular}  & **Animal Model** & & **Key Findings** \\ \hline
1 & \begin{tabular}{c} [PERSON]- \\ [PERSON] \\ et al. [29] \\ \end{tabular}  & 2018 & \begin{tabular}{c} C57 BL/10S-Sn-Dmdmds./ J (mdx mice), \\ B10.129P2(B6)-Ill07@m1 Cgr/ J (IL10 mutant mice), B6.129S-Traft@m1 Cgr/ J (TNFa mutant mice) and C57 BL/6 (wild-type mice) \\ \end{tabular}  & \ \begin{tabular}{c} 1. \\ macrophases contribute in muscle growth through a _Kolto_-mediated pathway. \\ 2. \\ \end{tabular}  & \begin{tabular}{c} Elevated _Kolto_ expression from macrophage populations: \\ \(\bullet\) \\ \end{tabular}  \\
2 & \begin{tabular}{c} [PERSON]- \\ [PERSON] \\ et al. [29] \\ \end{tabular}  & 2018 & \begin{tabular}{c} C57 BL/10S-Sn-Dmdmds./ J (mdx mice), \\ B10.129P2(B6)-Ill07@m1 Cgr/ J (IL10 mutant mice), B6.129S-Traft@m1 Cgr/ J (TNFa mutant mice) and C57 BL/6 (wild-type mice) \\ \end{tabular}  & \begin{tabular}{c} 1. \\ macrophases contribute in muscle growth through a _Kolto_-mediated pathway. \\ 2. \\ \end{tabular}  & \ \begin{tabular}{c} The study demonstrated that in the mdx mouse model, \\ macrophages contribute in muscle growth through a _Kolto_-mediated pathway. \\ 2. \\ \end{tabular}  & \begin{tabular}{c} Elevated _Kolto_ expression from macrophage populations: \\ \(\bullet\) \\ \end{tabular}  \\
2 & \begin{tabular}{c} [PERSON]- \\ [PERSON] \\ et al. [29] \\ \end{tabular}  & 2018 & \begin{tabular}{c} C57 BL/10S-Sn-Dmdmds./ J (mdx mice), \\ B10.129P2(B6)-Ill07@m1 Cgr/ J (IL10 mutant mice), B6.129S-Traft@m1 Cgr/ J (TNFa mutant mice) and C57 BL/6 (wild-type mice) \\ \end{tabular}  & \ \begin{tabular}{c} 1. \\ macrophases contribute in muscle growth through a _Kolto_-mediated pathway. \\ 2. \\ \end{tabular}  & \begin{tabular}{c} The study demonstrated that Wnt protein-mediated satellite \\ cell conversion occurs in both adult and aged mice, \\ following voluntary wheel turning. \\ \end{tabular}  \\
2 & \begin{tabular}{c} [PERSON]- \\ [PERSON] \\ et al. [30] \\ \end{tabular}  & 2014 & C57 BL/6] mice & \ \begin{tabular}{c} 1. \\ macrophases contribute in muscle growth through a _Kolto_-mediated pathway. \\ 2. \\ \end{tabular}  & \begin{tabular}{c} The study demonstrated that Wnt protein-mediated satellite \\ cell conversion occurs in both adult and aged mice, \\ following voluntary wheel turning. \\ \end{tabular}  \\
2 & \ \begin{tabular}{c} [PERSON]- \\ [PERSON] \\ et al. [30] \\ \end{tabular}  & 2014 & C57 BL/6] mice & \begin{tabular}{c} \(\bullet\) Particularly prominent in young mice. \\ \(\bullet\) \\ \end{tabular}  \\
3 & \begin{tabular}{c} _Notl_ ligand expression slightly decreased after exercise. \\ 4. \\ \end{tabular}  & \ \begin{tabular}{c} Wnt/\(\beta\)-catenin signaling pathway activation is the major \\ mechanism controlling satellite cell activation. \\ 5. \\ \end{tabular}  & \begin{tabular}{c} Low exercise intensity is effective in preventing the \\ progression of sarcopenia in aged skeletal muscle. \\ \end{tabular}  \\
3 & \begin{tabular}{c} [PERSON] \\ et al. [31] \\ \end{tabular}  & 2014 & \ \begin{tabular}{c} _Pax7_CreRT2, \(\beta\)-cateninH2-6, \(\beta\)-cateninH3, \\ _Rosa_mTNG, and _TCF_/_Lef_:_H2B_-GFP16_ mice, all in C57/BL6] background \\ \end{tabular}  & \begin{tabular}{c} 4. \\ \end{tabular}  \\
3 & \begin{tabular}{c} [PERSON] \\ et al. [31] \\ \end{tabular}  & 2014 & \ \begin{tabular}{c} _Pax7_CreRT2, \(\beta\)-cateninH2-6, \(\beta\)-cateninH3, \\ _Rosa_mTNG, and _TCF_/_Lef_:_H2B_-GFP16_ mice, all in C57/BL6] background \\ \end{tabular}  &