# Electric Vehicles: Benefits, Challenges, and Potential Solutions for Widespread Adaptation
## 4 Strategies for Overcoming Challenges
### Enhancing EV Charging Procedures--Battery Switching Stations  
To lessen range anxiety, battery swapping stations might be utilized in place of battery charging stations. Standard, fully charged batteries are kept on hand at battery switching points for EV drivers to swap out and continue their trip quickly. In this way, EVs at a charge station along a highway can be changed immediately. The battery changing stations' operational mechanism is depicted in Figure 7. This technology of charging EVs instantly is already being used by Tesla and U.S. and European battery vendors [79]. Most conventional vehicles can operate on any of the three fuels: petrol, diesel, and petrol, as shown by comparing traditional petrol stations and battery switching stations. Battery switching stations will need to handle a broad range of batteries, and they may run out of one type periodically. This might cause EV drivers to get anxious. Batteries come in various kinds: configurations, energy, and power densities. EV drivers will be able to monitor the several battery types that are accessible thanks to smartphone applications developed by battery switching facilities. Even better, they may store extra batteries in advance to replace their exhaust ones. Giving the battery switching locations and the electric vehicle driver a communication platform can significantly reduce waiting times and eliminate range anxiety. This enables the driver to go beyond the usual velocity range of the vehicle. However, this can present further issues for the battery switching stations, as they might need to keep many more batteries on hand to service clients, especially if some switch batteries numerous times daily. Multiple approaches can be used to solve this issue. The possibilities include limiting the number of swaps executed daily, adding a fee for each extra swap executed within a single day, penalizing customers for exceeding their daily limit, etc. As indicated, imposing fines may deter people from implementing EVs, so we need to consider which solutions are workable. Furthermore, the inconsistency of some battery types being available is another issue with battery switching stations. Due to the possibility that switching stations could not always have enough charged batterie, it might be challenging to service all their clients/EV drivers [79]. Figure 7: The battery changing stations’ operational mechanism. An EV battery-swapping station operator must continually modify charging and swapping guidelines to account for changing energy prices and save operational costs. A novel queuing network model with a service quality guarantee was used by [80] to research the optimal charging procedures for battery swapping stations. They also updated the model to incorporate battery swapping facilities and renewable energy in the power system to flatten the power generation curve by considering locations and billing orders. A charging regulation was devised by [81] for EV battery swapping stations. They recommended a hybrid particle swarm optimization and evolutionary method to determine the optimum course of action. To investigate the optimal charging/discharging method for a vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technology-based EV battery swapping station that enables two-way energy transfer between EVs and the power grid, ref. [82] created a [PERSON] decision process model. It was demonstrated that the best course of action was monotone, making it possible to compute it quickly. According to the techniques for battery exchange suggested on a scientific level, ref. [83] also developed an in-line routing system for electric cars that permits replacing the batteries in BEs using [PERSON]'s random choice processes. This method would reduce the waiting time by about 35%. Ref. [84] developed robust optimization models to help with the planning process for battery swaps. In this regard, it is worth noticing that battery swapping technology has gained significant traction in China.