## 1 Introduction  
Excavation-induced ground movements are generally unavoidable, thereby affecting adjacent existing buildings. In soft-soil areas, the deformation of excavation is relatively large. Its impact range can reach 3-4 times the depth of the excavation, far greater than the deformation and impact range in hard soil [1, 2]. The prediction of ground movements outside/around excavations is crucial, as it can be used to evaluate the influence of the excavation on nearby constructions and ensure safety. [PERSON] [1] collected a large number of measured data on surface settlement caused by excavations and developed a settlement curve for the surface soil layer. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [3] expanded this measured dataset base and proposed a dimensionless settlement envelope of the ground surface. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [2] proposed a surface settlement model for cantilever walls and braced excavations, and they proposed the concept of primary and secondary influence zones. [PERSON] et al. [4] extended the surface settlement curve of braced excavations to the subsurface and proposed lateral displacement curves for different depths. In practice, [PERSON] et al. [5] developed the servo struts to control the excavation-induced ground settlement and analyzed the relationship between the strut position and the effectiveness of settlement controlling through field measurements. To compensate for the limitations of field measurements in terms of monitoring point layout, some articles have conducted research through numerical simulations [6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12]. [PERSON] et al. [13] used a numerical simulation to propose a calculation equation for the maximum surface settlement of braced excavations. [PERSON] et al. [14] proposed a closed-form solution for the prediction of excavation-induced ground settlement profiles. The profile was derived by assuming the distribution pattern of wall deflection and displacement boundaries. [PERSON] et al. [15] fitted functions by combining longitudinal and transversal settlement troughs based on computed results and evaluated the influence of typical buildings in the subsidence area. The deformation of a building can be calculated based on the ground movement induced by excavation. As shown in Figure 1, the considered deformations are mainly angular distortion (\(\beta\)) and lateral extension strain (\(\varepsilon_{\text{l}}\)). [PERSON] et al. [16] further simplified the building damage assessment criteria and proposed the damage potential index (DPI), which is calculated according to the angular distortion, \(\beta\), and the lateral extension strain, \(\varepsilon_{\text{l}}\), to evaluate building damage. [PERSON] et al. [4] proposed that using the ground movement of the building foundation burial plane to evaluate building damage is a more accurate way to reflect the actual conditions. The evaluation of ground movement and potential damage to adjacent buildings of embedded walls and braced excavations were substantially discussed. [PERSON] et al. [17] reported a new strut-free retaining-wall system called the inclined-vertical framed retaining wall (IVFRW) for deep excavation which consists of three main components: vertical piles, inclined piles, and a capping beam. The inclined piles are laid out counterclockwise from the head of the vertical pile at an angle, \(\alpha\). Through the capping beam, the vertical and inclined piles are connected at the pile head, forming a framed retaining system. The retaining system has been effectively utilized in practical engineering applications, and its wall deformation performance and optimal inclination angle have been studied [18; 19]. However, the analysis of the excavation-induced ground movement of IVFRW and its impact on adjacent buildings is limited. This paper aims to propose a simplified method to predict excavation-induced ground movement with IVFRWs, including the settlement of the ground surface and subsurface and the lateral movement of the ground surface and subsurface. A variety of parametric simulations were carried out.