# Smartphone Use in Traffic: A Pilot Study on Pedestrian Behavior
## 6 Observation of People Using Mobile Phones While Crossing a Pedestrian Crossing  
In order to verify the credibility of the survey, observational studies were carried out at the intersection of Warszawska Street and Pocieszka Street in Kielce at the Department of Motor Vehicles and Transport at the Kielce University of Technology.  
The observations were conducted from 8:00 a.m. to noon and from 2:00 p.m. to 4:00 p.m. Observational studies were aimed at identifying people using a mobile phone while crossing a pedestrian crossing. Figure 8 shows a satellite photo of the analyzed intersection with the markings of the observation sites. The measurement places are shown in Figures 9-12. The observation was deliberately carried out at one intersection with traffic lights, because there are four almost-identical pedestrian crossings that contain no \"green wave\" and for which the duration of the green signal is from 20 to 24 s.  
Figure 8: Satellite image of the analyzed intersection with markings of observation sites.  
Figure 7: Characteristics of the respondents in terms of the most frequently performed activity on a mobile phone when crossing a pedestrian crossing.  
Figure 11: Observation site: pedestrian crossing number 3.  
Figure 10: Observation site: pedestrian crossing number 2.  
Figure 9: Observation site: pedestrian crossing number 1.  
The results of the observations are presented in Table 1. The observation was carried out on all pedestrian crossings and included over 2223 people. Among these people, as many as 631 used a mobile phone. Therefore, as many as 28.4% of people crossing the pedestrian crossing used a mobile phone. From 8.00 a.m. to 10.00 a.m., 632 people passed through pedestrian crossings, including as many as 156 (24%) with a mobile phone. The largest number of people with a cork mobile phone passed through the second pedestrian crossing (51 people), and the least through the fourth pedestrian crossing (23 people). From 10:00 a.m. to noon, 657 people passed through the crossings, including as many as 175 (26%) with a mobile phone. The largest number of people with a cork mobile phone passed through the second pedestrian crossing (55 people), and the least through the first pedestrian crossing (33 people). From 2 p.m. to 4 p.m., 934 people passed through pedestrian crossings, including as many as 301 (32%) with a mobile phone. The largest number of people with a cork mobile phone passed through the second pedestrian crossing (96 people), and the least through the fourth pedestrian crossing (43 people).  
The percentage characteristics of people walking with a mobile phone through the pedestrian crossing according to the hours of observation are presented in Figure 13. The percentage of people using mobile phones at the pedestrian crossing range from 22.50% to 37.21%, depending on the hours of observation and pedestrian crossings.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Observation Time**} & **Number of** & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**Pedestrian Crossing Number**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**SUM**} \\  & **Pedestrians** & **1** & **2** & **3** & **4** & **SUM** \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{from 8:00 a.m. to 10:00 a.m.} & Generally & 158 & 211 & 163 & 100 & 632 \\  & with phone & 39 & 51 & 44 & 23 & 156 \\ \multirow{2}{*}{from 10:00 a.m. to noon} & Generally & 131 & 226 & 188 & 112 & 657 \\  & with phone & 33 & 55 & 51 & 37 & 175 \\ \multirow{2}{*}{from 2:00 p.m. to 4:00 p.m.} & Generally & 262 & 334 & 215 & 123 & 934 \\  & with phone & 82 & 96 & 80 & 43 & 301 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 1: Observation results.  
Figure 12: Observation site: pedestrian crossing number 4.