# AIS Data Vulnerability Indicated by a Spoofing Case-Study
## Abbreviations  
* [1] IALA Guideline-An Overview of AIS, Edition 2.0. Available online: [[https://www.navcen.uscg.gov/pdf/IALA_Guideline_1082_An_Overview_of_AIS.pdf](https://www.navcen.uscg.gov/pdf/IALA_Guideline_1082_An_Overview_of_AIS.pdf)]([https://www.navcen.uscg.gov/pdf/IALA_Guideline_1082_An_Overview_of_AIS.pdf](https://www.navcen.uscg.gov/pdf/IALA_Guideline_1082_An_Overview_of_AIS.pdf)) (accessed on 12 February 2021). * [2] [PERSON] _The Electronic Chart Display and Information System (ECDIS): An Operational Handbook_; CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL, USA, 2009; pp. 703-708. ISBN 978-0-414-48246-2. * [3] [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] _Radar and ARPA Manual_, 2 nd ed. ; Elsevier Butterworth-Hernemann: Oxford, UK, 2005; pp. 452-463. ISBN 0 7506 64347* Shipboard Automatic Identification System Displays, Meeting the Needs of Mariners; Special Report 273; Transportation Research Board: Washington, DC, USA, 2003; Available online: [[https://www.nap.edu/read/10708/chapter/1](https://www.nap.edu/read/10708/chapter/1)]([https://www.nap.edu/read/10708/chapter/1](https://www.nap.edu/read/10708/chapter/1)) (accessed on 15 February 2021). * IMO (2020) IMO. _The International Convention for Safety of Life at Sea (Consolidated Edition 2020)_; IMO Publishing: London, UK, 2020; pp. 15/34-15/35. ISBN 9789280116908. * [PERSON] (2016) [PERSON] _Electronic and Acoustic Navigation Systems_; Norwegian Institute of Science and Technology: Alesund, Norway, 2016; pp. 2-143-2-157. ISBN 978-82-92186-57-2. * [PERSON] (2014) [PERSON] Satellite-based AIS and its Comparison with LRT. _TransNav_**2014**, \(8\), 183-187. [CrossRef]
* [PERSON] et al. (2018) [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] Metrics and provider-based results for completeness and temporal resolution of satellite-based AIS services. _Mar. Policy_**2018**, _93_, 80-92. [CrossRef]
* [PERSON] et al. (2020) [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] [PERSON] SecureAIS-Securing Pairwise Vessels Communications. In Proceedings of the 2020 IEEE Conference on Communications and Network Security (CNS), Avignon, France, 29 June-1 July 2020. [CrossRef]
* Satellite Based AIS (2021) Satellite Based AIS. Available online: [[https://www.kystverket.no/en/EN_Maritime-Services/Reporting-and-Information-Services/ais/Satellite-based-](https://www.kystverket.no/en/EN_Maritime-Services/Reporting-and-Information-Services/ais/Satellite-based-)]([https://www.kystverket.no/en/EN_Maritime-Services/Reporting-and-Information-Services/ais/Satellite-based-](https://www.kystverket.no/en/EN_Maritime-Services/Reporting-and-Information-Services/ais/Satellite-based-)) AIS/ (accessed on 12 February 2021). * [PERSON] et al. (2018) [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] Near Real-time S-AIS: Recent Developments and Implementation Possibilities for Global Maritime Stakeholders. _Multidiscip. Sci. J. Marit. Res._**2018**, _32_, 211-218. [CrossRef]
* [PERSON] et al. (2016) [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] AIS Data Visualization for Maritime Spatial Planning (MSP). _Int. J. e-Navig. Marit. Econ._**2016**, \(5\), 45-60. [CrossRef]
* IMO (2016) IMO. Resolution A.1106(29). In _Revised Guidelines for the Onbard Operational Use of Shipborne Automatic Identification Systems (AIS)_; IMO Publishing: London, UK, 2015. * Series (2010) Series, M. _Technical Characteristics for An Automatic Identification System Using Time-Division Multiple Access in the VHF Maritime Mobile Band_; Recommendation ITU: Geneva, Switzerland, 2010; pp. 1371-1375. * [PERSON] et al. (2021) [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] [PERSON] Auth-AIS: Secure, Flexible, and Backward-Compatible Authentication of Vessels AIS Broadcasts. _IEEE Trans. Dependable Secur. Comput._**2021**. [CrossRef]
* [PERSON] (2019) [PERSON]; [PERSON], [PERSON] Towards a secure automatic identification system (AIS). _J. Mar. Sci. Technol._**2019**, _24_, 410-423. [CrossRef]
* [PERSON] et al. (2020) [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] [PERSON] Prediction of Marine Traffic Density Using Different Time Series Model from AIS data of Port Klang and Straits of Malacca. _Trans. Marit. Sci._**2020**, \(2\), 217-223.