## 2 Results
### Determination of DVB-co-GMA-TETA Sorption Capacity
However, the Dubinin-Radushkevich model can not be applicable in the description of investigated systems as equilibrium data did not show a good fit to the model (\(R^{2}\) = 0.340-0.626, \(R^{2}_{\mathit{adj}}\ =\ 0.246-0.573\)). Relatively low values of the determination coefficients are observed in the dyes-DVB-\(\mathit{co}\)-GMA-TETA systems using non-linear fitting of the experimental data to the Temkin model (\(R^{2}\) = 0.884-0.934). Table 4 allows the comparison of the obtained data with published ones concerning removal of acidic dyes on different adsorbents. Figure 5: Adsorption isotherms of AV1 (**a**), AG16 (**b**) and AR18 (**c**) on DVB-\(\mathit{co}\)-GMA-TETA and fitting of the Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Dubinin-Radushkevich to experimental data using non-linear regression (Non-LR). The dye adsorption on DVB-_co_-GMA-TETA probably takes place as a result of physisorption and chemical interactions that were confirmed by the ATR-FT-IR analysis. The electrostatic interaction (ionic bond) between the positively charged functional groups of the resin and the negatively charged sulfonic groups of the dyes are created [24]. Additionally, hydrogen bonds and \(\pi\)-\(\pi\) interactions between the aromatic rings of benzene present in the resin matrix and dyes may occur. Figure 6 presents a probable mechanism of the dyes bonding by the resin. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Sorbent** & **Kinetic Studies** & **Equilibrium Studies** & **Ref.** \\ \hline \multicolumn{4}{c}{**AV1**} \\ \hline
3-aminopropyl-triethoxysilane & & Disposal extent: 52–99.6\% & & \\ N-2-(aminoethyl)-3- & & Disposal extent: 79–99.8\% & - & [24] \\ aminopropyltrimethoxysilane & & & \\ \hline \multicolumn{4}{c}{**AG16**} \\ \hline Magnetic & PSO, & \(q_{e}=108\) mg/g, & \\ geopolimer & \(k_{2}=0.001\)–0.005 g/mg min, & T = 25 \({}^{\circ}\)C, pH = 2.3, & [25] \\ pH = 2.3, a.d. = 0.75 g/L & a.d. = 0.75 g/L & \\ \hline Low-moor peat and smectite clay & PSO, & \(q_{e}=12.07\)–13.0 mg/g, & \\  & \(k_{2}=0.0086\)–0.010 g/mg min, & a.d. = 1 g/20 mL T = 25 \({}^{\circ}\)C, & [13] \\  & a.d. = 1 g/20 mL & pH = 6.23–6.59 & \\ \hline Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIP) & 86\% of AG16 was bound on the & & \\ MIP in 60 min & & \(q_{e}=6.9\) mg/g & [26] \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{RBAC (rice bran-based activated carbon)} & AG16 removal: & \\  & 85.52–99.22\% & \(q_{e}=1.05\)–1.36 mg/g, & \\ \cline{1-1}  & pH = 3.5, T = 20–55 \({}^{\circ}\)C, & T = 20–55 \({}^{\circ}\)C, pH = 2.0–3.5 & \\ \cline{1-1}  & a.d. = 1 g/50 mL & & \\ \hline \multicolumn{4}{c}{**AR18**} \\ \hline Anion exchange membrane with & PSO, \(h=4.3\) mg/g min\({}^{1/2}\) & \(q_{e}=217.6\) mg/g, T = 25 \({}^{\circ}\)C, & \\ quaternary ammonium groups (SB 6407) & & pH = 7 & [28] \\ \hline Wool powder & AR18 removal: 90\%, & \\ (p.s. = 6.2 \(\upmu\)m, & pH = 2.5 & \(q_{e}=100\) mg/g, T = 25 \({}^{\circ}\)C, & \\ \cline{1-1}  & s.a. = 5.91 m\({}^{2}\)/g) & pH = 7 & [29] \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: The kinetic and equilibrium parameters of AV1, AG16 and AR18 sorption on various adsorbents based on the literature review.