## 4 Discussion  
Between 00:00 UTC and 08:00 UTC on 10 November 2018, two storms moved south-eastward in Argentina. While the storm situated in the central region of the country was in the developmental stage, the other storm, located in the southeast region of the country, had already reached the maturity stage. The difference in their life stages led to the observation of a greater number of discharges in the southeastern storm compared to the central storm, where lightning was found mainly at temperatures lower than \(-\)70 \({}^{\circ}\)C, i.e., in the deep convective zones. Based on the research conducted by [3; 5] regarding the variation and ionospheric effects in gravity waves in Total Electron Content (TEC) records during storms in mid- and low-latitude areas, respectively, our analysis was divided into three periods to highlight the variability in the waves generated by the storms. Through this analysis, we found the following:  
1. In the period between 00:00 UTC and 02:40 UTC (21:00 LT-23:40 LT), the RAMSAC stations showed DVTEC oscillations with peak-to-peak amplitude values of up to 0.67 TECU. Earth Networks lightning detection system reported peak current maxima of \(-\)219 kA for \(-\)CG and 181 kA for +CG. These maxima were located over the southeast of the storm, near the regions with the highest lightning count. In proximity to these regions, the AGGO, AZUL, CHOY, LPGS, and PEBA stations showed peak-to-peak DVTEC amplitudes of up to 0.44 TECU. During this period, the storms were in their growth stage;
2. Between 02:40 UTC and 05:20 UTC (23:40 LT-02:20 LT), RAMSAC stations showed oscillations in the DVTEC with peak-to-peak amplitude values of up to 1.35 TECU. The maximum peak currents were \(-\)214 kA for \(-\)CG and 211 kA for +CG, located above the storm located in the central region. In proximity to the areas with the highest lightning frequency and peak current, the AGGO, AZUL, CHOY, GVIL, MZAE, MZAU, MZGA, NUGA, RIO4, RUFI, and PEJO stations showed peak-to-peak DVTEC amplitudes of up to 1.12 TECU. During this period, the storms were in their development phase. In addition, during this time, the highest number of lightning flashes occurred and the highest peak-to-peak amplitudes were observed in the three analyzed zones;
3. In the period between 05:20 and 08:00 UTC (02:20 LT-05:00 LT), RAMSAC stations showed DVTEC oscillations with peak-to-peak amplitude values of up to 0.67 TECU. In the southern region of Zone 3 (see Figure 13), the perturbations found could not be directly attributed to the storms analyzed, since they were located in a region where a large number of gravity waves were produced [50]. Moreover, current peaks in +CG of 322 kA and \(-\)CG of \(-\)267 kA were observed in this period. These peaks were located near the regions with the highest number of lightning flashes over the storm to the southeast. During this period, the storms showed a decrease in their atmospheric electrical activity. Across the various time segments, we identified waveform structures in DVTEC, with peak-to-peak amplitudes ranging from 0.01 to 1.35 TECU. Notably, we were able to observe, within the time window [02:40-05:20] UTC, corresponding to the period in which the highest lightning count occurred, the highest peak-to-peak DVTEC amplitudes. Then, we worked with a base day (reference day), in which the geomagnetic activity was low and the electrical activity was null for the whole study period in Argentina. At this point, we worked only with 14 RAMSAC stations. Comparing the peak-to-peak DVTEC amplitude of the reference value with the peak-to-peak DVTEC amplitude of the day with AEA for the whole study period (00:00 UTC-08:00 UTC), it was observed that the 14 stations presented variations during the stormy day. From Table 3, we observe that wave amplitudes experienced a 2.91-fold increase compared to the day without AEA. When examining the ESQU station, it is evident that it exhibited the highest peak-to-peak amplitude and was located significantly distantlyfrom the storm region.