## 3 Chemical Composition of _Hyssopus officinalis_ L. and _Agastache foeniculum_ (Pursh) Kuntze EOs
### Antimicrobial Activity of H. officinalis EO
#### 4.1.1 Antifungal Activity  
The EO from _H. officinalis_ demonstrated antifungal activity against _P. verrucosum_ attributed to its main compounds: pinocamphone (22.1%) and isopinocamphone (25.5%). When used as a natural cheese coating, it effectively inhibited the growth of contaminant flora during cheese ripening. The correlation between the chemical composition and antifungal efficacy highlighted 16 significant compounds, with structural groups comprising \(\alpha\)- and \(\beta\)-phellandrene emerging as the most influential in the antifungal model [46]. [PERSON] et al., 2009 [27] demonstrated the inhibition of fungal growth of strains of agro-food interest: _Penicillium simplicissimum_, _Aurebosidium pullulans_, _Penicillium citrium_, and _Penicillium aurantiogriseum_. Meanwhile, [PERSON] et al., 2023 [39], demonstrated that _H. officinalis_ EO had a potential antifungal effect against _Caldosporium_ sp. obtained from moldy fruits. [PERSON] et al., 2015, [24] reported the antifungal activity of _H. officinalis_ EO against clinical isolates and reference strains from the genus _Candida_. _C. albicans_ exhibited the highest sensitivity to the EO, followed by _C. lrusei_, _C. parapsilosis_, and _C. tropicalis_, with _C. glabrata_ having the lowest sensitivity. Other research groups also demonstrated antifungal activity against _Candida albicans_[7; 26; 47]. [PERSON] et al., 2011, [31] demonstrated the inhibitory effect of EO on _A. niger_ and _C. albicans_. A higher concentration (8 \(\mu\)L/mL and 2 \(\mu\)L/mL, respectively) of oil was required to inhibit spore germination compared to the amount needed to suppress hyphal growth (0.5 \(\mu\)L/mL and 1 \(\mu\)L/mL, respectively). [PERSON] et al., 2013 [14] reported the antifungal activity of EO against ten micromycetes. _Aspergillus niger_ was the most resistant fungus, followed by _Penicillium funcitosum_. _Caldosporium_ species, _Aspergillus versicolor_, and _Trichoderma viride_ proved to be the most sensitive ones. [PERSON] et al., 2009 [30] demonstrated the effective inhibition of mold growth, demonstrating strong anti-_Aspergillus flavus_ activity by suppressing its proliferation. [PERSON] et al., 2021 [48] showed an inhibitory effect of _H. officinalis_ EO on _Fusarium graminearum_, but mycelial growth inhibition was the least effective across all tested concentrations. [PERSON] et al., 2022 [35] also demonstrated the antifungal activity of _H. officinalis_ EO against a _Fusarium_ strain, _F. oxysporum_. The data are comprehensively detailed in Tables 5 and 6. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c} \hline \hline
**Microorganism** & **MIC** & **MSC/MFC** & **Reference** \\ \hline \multicolumn{4}{c}{ Bacterial concentration: 10\({}^{6}\) cfu/mL} \\ \cline{2-3}
**Recillas** & 14.20 \(\mu\)L/mL & 28.40 \(\mu\)L/mL & \\ \cline{2-3}
**Exherichia** & 227.25 \(\mu\)L/mL & 227.25 \(\mu\)L/mL & \\ \cline{2-3}
**S** & 227.25 \(\mu\)L/mL & 227.25 \(\mu\)L/mL & \\ \cline{2-3}
**Staphylococcus** & **aurus** & 25923 & 227.25 \(\mu\)L/mL & \\ \cline{2-3}
**Enterrocess** & **radio** & 454.50 \(\mu\)L/mL & 454.50 \(\mu\)L/mL & \\ \cline{2-3}
**Pseudomonas aeruginosa** & **ATCC** & 27853 & 454.50 \(\mu\)L/mL & \\ \cline{2-3}
**Staphylococcus** & **syldemells** & 227.25 \(\mu\)L/mL & 227.25 \(\mu\)L/mL & \\ \cline{2-3}
**Potassium** & **ATCC** & 13315 & 454.50 \(\mu\)L/mL & \\ \cline{2-3} \cline{5-3}
**R** & \multicolumn{4}{c}{ Bacterial concentration: 10\({}^{6}\) cfu/mL} \\ \cline{2-3} \cline{5-3}
**Staphylococcus** & **aurus** & 25923 & E01: 10 mg/mL & E01: 20 mg/mL \\ \cline{2-3}
**Reillins** & **sublits** & **ATCC** & 6633 & E01: 5 mg/mL & E01: 5 mg/mL \\ \cline{2-3}
**Reillins** & **sublits** & **ATCC** & 6633 & E0 \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c} \hline \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Microorganism**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**MIC**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**MRC/MIC**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Reference**} \\ \hline \multicolumn{4}{c}{ Bacterial concentration: 10\({}^{6}\) cfu/mL.} \\ \cline{2-4} \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 5: _Cont._