# Digitalization and Future Agro-Food Supply Chain Management: A Literature-Based Implications
## Appendix B
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{p{34.1 pt} p{34.1 pt}} \hline \hline
**Source** & **Main Challenge Identified** \\ \hline
[41] & Difficulties relating to cost and profitability, technical knowledge or expertise, suitability to local conditions, complementary technologies. \\ \hline
[42] & A demand for high level-expertise, which is difficult for SME organizations, lack of awareness about blockchain technology, lack of proper training platforms for educating non-specialized people, cryptocurrencies (many countries have banned cryptocurrency at state level), ensuring farm owners share the right information on the network. \\ \hline
[63] & Difficulties in practical implementation and the reputation of the system. \\ \hline
[64] & The complexity of implementation of IoT with agro-food small and medium enterprises (SMEs). \\ \hline
[53] & Lack of deeper understanding of blockchain, technology; raw data manipulation, difficulties in getting all stakeholders on board, and deficiency of regulations. \\ \hline
[70] & As it is new, the technology may lack consumer understanding and trust. \\ \hline
[71] & The decision to change or implement traceability technologies in the food supply chain requires comprehensive analysis. \\ \hline
[54] & Limited understanding of researchers and practitioners on the technical detail and functions for food traceability management. \\ \hline
[74] & Heterogeneity of participating actors, stakeholders, and business models; different levels of confidentiality; lack of interoperability between systems; lack of clear data governance. \\ \hline
[59] & Technical and behavioral challenges and limitations in adoption of blockchain technology, such as storage capacity, the security and privacy of blockchain, high investment costs in adoption, less collaboration and trust among key stakeholders, and behavioral intentions among the chain actors. \\ \hline
[61] & Internet connectivity, data privacy and security, economic sustainability (cost effectiveness),consumer and stakeholder acceptance. \\ \hline
[80] & Challenges related to supply chain network structure, data collection, decision-making models, and implementation. \\ \hline
[44] & Data ownership, privacy, and security issues; quality of big data, availability of skilled human resources for big-data analysis; sustainable integration of data; and openness of the platforms. \\ \hline
[45] & Data security, infrastructure, standardization of data, device interoperability. \\ \hline
[46] & Data privacy and security. \\ \hline
[47] & Low stakeholder technological knowledge, several transformations of the products at multiple stages of food chains, heterogeneous roles of the large number of businesses involved along food chains; difficulty of data interchange/interoperability for food supply chains that cross national borders (global food supply chains). \\ \hline
[81] & Problems with accepting the new normal: the biggest challenge to digitization of agriculture is that digitization and innovation will change actor identity, hence a need to change the way of working. \\ \hline
[85] & There is more focus in the literature on the environmental aspect of sustainability and less attention is paid to the socio-economic aspect. \\ \hline
[55] & Management challenges. \\ \hline
[91] & Poor infrastructure and internet connection in rural areas, low technological level on farms. \\ \hline
[94] & Complexity, new to the sector, farmer and other stakeholder unfamiliarity with the technology. \\ \hline
[60] & Cost of the technologies, difficulties in handling a large amount of data generated by IoT, including the hardware cost and saturated communication channels (bandwidth); information security of data collected by IoT devices; lack of standardization in IoT systems can lead to difficult interconnections between different systems, platforms and standards; the need for rapid detection sensors can withstand the harsh agro-food environment. \\ \hline
[50] & Hardware \& software challenges: requirement for equipment that is resistant to harsh environmental conditions, such as high solar radiation, extreme temperatures, rain or high humidity, strong winds, vibrations, and other dangers capable of destroying electronic circuits; organizational challenges \& interoperability: high cost to transfer huge amounts of data to the cloud, both in terms of money and latency; networking challenges: harsh environment caused low wireless link quality; security challenges: security against external attacks, of all kinds, on the data transferred to ensure the security, authenticity, confidentiality and privacy of the stakeholders involved in the network. \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}