# Communication Infrastructure Design for Reliable UAV Operations in Air Mobility Corridors
## 3 Results
### Communication Reliability Assessment Across Deployment Strategies  
To evaluate the performance and reliability of the proposed UAV communication corridor, the theoretical Markov model introduced in Section 2.2 is instantiated using practical deployment parameters. The values of \(\lambda\) and \(\upmu\) are selected based on realistic assumptions from telecommunications-grade outdoor repeater installations. For the simulations in this study, \(\lambda\) is varied from \(1\times 10^{-5}\) to \(1\times 10^{-4}\) failures/hour and \(\mu\) from 0.01 to 0.1 repairs/hour. These reflect mean time to failure (MTTF) of 10,000-100,000 h and mean time to repair (MTTR) of 10-100 h, aligning with urban communication infrastructure performance. This subsection evaluates the communication reliability of the four proposed deployment strategies in terms of channel unavailability \(U\), which quantifies the probability that UAVs at a given point in the corridor are unable to establish a communication link due to station failure or channel overload. The analysis is based on the previously derived Markov models described in Section 2.2. Figure 13 shows the unavailability, \(U\), as a function of the channel load, \(\rho\), for different strategies. The results clearly demonstrate that increasing redundancy (higher \(N\)) significantly reduces channel unavailability. For example, when \(N=1\) (Strategy 1), unavailability reaches over 35% at moderate load levels, when \(N=4\) (Strategy 4), unavailability remains close to 0%, even at higher traffic loads. This confirms that strategies with greater redundancy offer substantial gains in communication reliability. Figure 14 provides a closer look at the performance of Strategies 2 to 4, corresponding to over the same load range. It is evident that Strategy 2 results in moderate unavailability (up to 5% at high load), Strategy 3 consistently maintains unavailability below 1%, and Strategy 4 provides very high availability across all traffic scenarios. These insights support the use of Strategy 3 or 4 in mission-critical applications where high reliability is essential. Figure 13: General trends in channel unavailability. Case Study: Hybrid UAV Corridor for Urban Air Mobility for Infrastructure Inspection and Security Monitoring in Astana's Greenline District  
As cities continue to evolve into smart, dynamic ecosystems, the demand for agile and responsive urban management tools becomes increasingly critical. Among these tools, UAM powered by UAVs is emerging as a transformative solution. This case study explores how the communication strategies developed in this paper can be applied to the Greenline district in Astana (Kazakhstan) to support a hybrid UAV air corridor, combining different monitoring use cases. The Greenline development in Astana, Kazakhstan, represents a dynamic urban environment with a mix of residential, commercial, educational, and recreational infrastructure (Figure 15). The district is currently undergoing intensive development, including transport planning, urban traffic modeling, and smart city initiatives. A key component of this transformation is the integration of UAV-based monitoring within the special urban air mobility corridors. Urban infrastructure in dense districts like Greenline requires frequent monitoring to ensure operational safety. UAVs offer a fast, non-invasive alternative to traditional ground inspections. Integrated into the proposed communication corridor, UAVs can autonomously capture high-resolution and thermal imagery of rooftops, facades, lighting systems, and smart mobility sensors. Operations can be scheduled during off-peak hours  
Figure 14: Detail view on strategies 2 to 4. Figure 15: Location of Greenline district in Astana. and coordinated via Strategy 3, offering reliable connectivity for non-critical but data-rich missions. Beyond inspection, UAVs enhance public safety through aerial monitoring of key sites such as Quantum STEM School, Green Mall, and Abu Dhabi Plaza.