# SCoPE: Service Composition and Personalization Environment
## 4 Elderly Care Ecosystem and Related Definitions
Service characteristics include service goals, service rating, geographical area of coverage, a business process, applicability constraints, suggestions of application to strengthen the preferences of the customer, and necessary or provided resources. A service \(se\in SE_{v0}\) is defined as:_  
\[se=\ <SE^{\prime},G_{se},AC_{se},rep> \tag{5}\]  
_where \(SE^{\prime}\subset SP\).se, \(G_{se}\subset G\) is the set of goals the service attends based on the taxonomy of care needs (see Definitions 7 and 8), and \(AC_{se}\) is a set of restrictions applied to the provision of the service. The set \(SE^{\prime}\) is the set of dependent services, where \(SE^{\prime}=\varnothing\) indicates the service is atomic, otherwise it is integrated. Service restrictions are applied considering a predefined restriction list \(L1\) for the ECE. Thus, we assume \(AC_{se}\subset L1\). The reputation of a service (rep) is expressed by a value in the scale \(1\dots\) 5, where \(1\) represents the lowest reputation and 5 the highest one. We assume that there is a system that computes the reputation of the service._  
**Definition 5**. : _Customers (CLU)--represent the set of entities that consume the services provided by the VOs in ECE. Each customer is associated with a unique profile that follows a template configured by the ECE administrator. Typically, a template includes personal data, lifestyle aspects, customer's limitations and general data. A customer \(cu\in CU_{v0}\) is defined as:_  
\[cu=\ <P(\tau),C> \tag{6}\]  
_where \(P(\tau)\) is a customer profile based on a template \(\tau\), \(C\) is a set of impairments and relevant individual constraints._  
The template \(\tau\) involves the main information elements identified in ECE to build a customer profile, for instance, personal data (including his/her lifestyle specification), customer's available resources, one or more persons responsible for them (identified as guardians), etc. More details about customer's profile can be found in ([PERSON] et al., 2017b). The impairments C involve, for instance, information about one or more locations to deliver the service (described by geographical area), the limitations that an elderly might have, namely: human and environment constraints (if these exist), identified as special conditions: for instance the maximum investment and the presence of chronic diseases. **Definition 6**. : _Taxonomy of Care Need Goals (TX)--representing a taxonomy of care need goals used in a specific ECE. A taxonomy TX is defined as:_  
\[TX=\left\{G,G_{p},G_{r}\right\} \tag{7}\]  
_where \(G\) represents the goals, \(G_{p}\subset O\times O\) represents a parent relation between two goals, and \(G_{r}=G_{c}^{-1}\) is the inverse relation of parent relation representing refinement relations. Given \(g1,g2\in G\), the following formula holds:_  
\[(g2,g1)\in G_{r}\Leftrightarrow(g1,g2)\in G_{p}g1\
eq g2. \tag{8}\]  
In order to build the taxonomy of care need goals, a number of research projects on ICT and aging were analyzed and used as the baseline for the care needs identification. From the results of these projects, which included extensive field analysis, the necessary requirements for designing the ECE are identified. In this analysis we particularly feature the ePAL project (Extending Professional Active Life) which established \"a strategic research roadmap focused on innovative collaborative solutions and ensuring a balanced post-retirement lifestyle\" ([PERSON] et al., 2012), the BRAID project (Bridging Research in Ageing and ICT Development) ([PERSON] et al., 2013) which has built a \"comprehensive RTD roadmap for active ageing by consolidating and extending existing roadmaps in close interaction with relevant stakeholders\", and the AAL4 ALL project (Ambient Assistance Living for All), which conducted a large \"field survey aimed at both characterizing current users of AAL technologies\" ([PERSON], 2015). Figure 3 illustrates the care needs taxonomy adopted in ECE.