# Enabling Heterogeneous IoT Networks over 5G Networks with Ultra-Dense Deployment--Using MEC/SDN
## 2 Related Works  
With the enormous increase in wireless and IoT devices, dense deployment becomes a major requirement of IoT networks. IoT is announced as the main use case of 5G systems as per 3 GPP and ITU, and thus, the integration between existing IoT networks and cellular networks, mainly 5G systems, is a demand. These two challenges, i.e., scalability and integration with cellular systems, besides other existing network challenges of IoT networks, e.g., energy and availability, need to be considered. To overcome these challenges, recent communication paradigms have been introduced for heterogeneous IoT networks and applications that include MEC, SDN, D2D and Blockchain [16].  
The existing literature considers a part of these challenges; however, this is for specific IoT networks. This work considers developing a framework for integrating IoT networks with 5G systems using MEC and SDN technologies. Our main contributions are clearly defined in the previous section. However, this section is introduced to illustrate the novelty of the proposed IoT/5G framework. Few studies have considered the integration of IoT networks with the 5G systems. In this section, we compare our proposed framework with the existing works by considering integrating IoT networks with cellular systems. Furthermore, since the dense deployment of IoT networks and energy efficiency are the main contributions of our proposed IoT framework, all recent existing works considering these objectives are included in the comparison.  
Table 1 presents a comparison between existing related works and our proposed IoT/5G system. The comparison introduces the used key enabling technology for the IoT networks and the considered IoT networks, e.g., low-power wide-area networks (LP-WAN), LoRaWAN, or the work suitable for any IoT network. Furthermore, the considered performance evaluation metrics are introduced for each work.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Ref.**} & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**Key Enabling Technology**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**IoT Network**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Application**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Performance Metrics**} & \multirow{2}{*}{
\begin{tabular}{c} **Cellular** \\ **Integration** \\ \end{tabular} } \\ \cline{2-2} \cline{5-7}  & **Fog/MEC** & & & & & & & \\ \hline
[17] & \(\surd\) & X & \(\surd\) & Any & General & No evaluation & \(\surd\) \\ \hline
[18] & \(\surd\) & \(\surd\) & X & Any & General &
\begin{tabular}{c} Latency \\ Scalability \\ \end{tabular} & X \\ \hline
[15] & X & \(\surd\) & X & Any & General & Energy & X \\ \hline
[19] & \(\surd\) & X & X & Any & General & Offloading & X \\ \hline
[20] & \(\surd\) & X & X & Any & \
\begin{tabular}{c} Vehicle-to- \\ grid \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} Data \\ classification \\ \end{tabular} & \(\surd\) \\ \hline
[21] & \(\surd\) & X & X & Any & General &
\begin{tabular}{c} Completion time \\ Energy \\ \end{tabular} & X \\ \hline
[22] & \(\surd\) & X & X & Any & General & Energy & X \\ \hline
[23] & \(\surd\) & X & X & Any & Smart home & Temporal delay & X \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 1: Internet of things (IoT)/5G system compared to existing related works.