# Research Trends and Future Direction for Utilization of Woody Biomass in Japan
## 6 Economic Evaluation of Woody Biomass Utilization
### Economic Impacts of Woody Biomass Utilization  
The economic impact of woody biomass utilization is presented in Table 9. While all these studies utilized the input--output (IO) table to calculate economic impacts, significant variations existed owing to differing conditions in the woody biomass industry across regions and variations in the IO tables used in each study. In general, the results indicate that greater economic impacts were generated by increased woody biomass inputs. For instance, in Case 11 of Table 9, the largest economic impacts of 2905 million JPY were obtained by assuming the total annual woody biomass supply potential to be available in the western region of Tottori Prefecture, Japan [66]. To normalize the economic impact of woody biomass utilization, the economic impacts per unit input were calculated, revealing that the production of one ton of woody biomass had economic impacts ranging from approximately 66 to 249 million JPY/t for the region.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Case No.**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Year**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Utilization Facilities**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Scale**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Fuel Type**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Fuel Price**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Running Cost**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Initial**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Cost**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Initial Cost**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Reference**} \\  & & & & & & [**k**]YY/year** & & [**k**]YY/t** & & [**k** JPY/t**] & [**k** JPY/t**] & [**k** JPY/t**] \\ \hline
7 & 2017 & Hotel & 570 & Chip & 12,000 & 23,770 & 15.7 & 100,000 & 175.4 & [63] \\
8 & 2017 & DHS & 810 & Chip & 12,000 & 23,060 & 15.3 & 465,200 & 574.3 & [63] \\
9 & 2020 & Residence & 200 & Chip & 10,000 & 3,735 & 13.2 & 85,410 & 427.1 & [64] \\
10 & 2012 & Hot spring & 200 & Pellet & 35,000 & 6638 & 40.5 & 15,270 & 76.4 & [62] \\
11 & 2012 & Nursing & 290 & Pellet & 35,000 & 2610 & 41.9 & 22,570 & 77.8 & [62] \\  & home & Agricultural & 116 & Pellet & 35,000 & 829 & 47.6 & 6870 & 59.2 & [62] \\
12 & 2012 & Agricultural & 116 & Pellet & 35,000 & 829 & 47.6 & 6870 & 59.2 & [62] \\  & facilities & 225 & Firewood & 13,500 & 5030 & 25.8 & 35,460 & 157.6 & [65] \\
13 & 2014 & Hot spring & 225 & Firewood & 11,300 & 29,470 & 19.5 & 40,400 & 70.9 & [63] \\
14 & 2017 & Hotel & 570 & Firewood & 11,300 & 23,880 & 15.8 & 433,000 & 534.6 & [63] \\
15 & 2017 & DHS & 810 & Firewood & 11,300 & 23,880 & 15.8 & 433,000 & 534.6 & [63] \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 8: _Cont._  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Case No.**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Region and Year**} & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**Total Impact [mil. JPY]**} & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**Economic Impacts**} \\ \cline{3-10}  & & & **Total** & **Value-** & **Add** & **Multiplier** & **Income Effect** & **Multiplier** & **Per Unit** & **Reference** \\ \hline
1 & Kouchi Pref., 2012 & 349.0 & 1.65 & 169.0 & 1.89 & 90.0 & 1.63 & N.A. & [67] \\
2 & Yusuhara city, Kochi & 49.0 & 1.40 & 22.0 & 1.58 & 13.0 & 1.35 & N.A. & [67] \\  & Pref., 2012 & 447.7 & 1.70 & 208.1 & 1.90 & 90.6 & 1.80 & 231.97 & [68] \\
4 & Iwaki city, Fukushima & 1387.0 & N.A. & N.A. & N.A. & N.A. & N.A. & 194.02 & [69] \\  & Pref., 2013 & 1062.0 & N.A. & 364.0 & N.A. & N.A. & N.A. & 127.49 & [70] \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 9: Economic impacts of woody biomass utilization.