## Results and Discussions: The Influence and Benefits of PPGIS
### [PERSON] [21] maintained that integrating professional and nonprofessional knowledge using PPGIS during the planning or decision-making process can be the basis for more in-depth public participation and thus affect the entire planning or decision-making process. In the case of Wu-Wei-Kang Wildlife Refuge, PPGIS improved the efficiency of the platform meetings and it helped with the establishment of equitable partnerships facilitated by cooperation between the public and private sectors. During the elevation monitoring, the role of community volunteers was transformed from consultants into working partners in management. In the past, decisions regarding the refuge were usually made by the academic team, which has professional competence. During the elevation monitoring practice, however, community members, with the assistance of PPGIS, acted together as the designers, executors, and data interpreters of the new community-based monitoring. PPGIS promoted the capacity to undertake refuge management of the local community by integrating and sharing its lay knowledge and labor and ensured the legitimacy and appropriateness of management decisions.
They are starting to play important roles in many different tasks including the determination of management objectives, habitat restoration, community communication, infrastructure maintenance, budget allocation, and execution of management activities. Of course, this new mechanism introduced by PPGIS has initiated extra debates between community organizations on distribution of work and resources. Fortunately, the majority of conflicts have been resolved as a result of the open communication and information transparency policy in the platform meeting. Thus, even the government agencies are willing to take the community opinions as the basis for developing relevant projects and to assist in funding for windbreaks management and zone planning of the wetland. Through the above process, the community volunteers will gradually transform from consultants to the producers of management information, the core participants in decision making, and even supervisors of refuge management. We add Table 1 to present the overall findings of this study. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**Goverance Quality** & **Suitability of GITs** & **The Efficacy of PPGIS** \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Promoting Inclusiveness} & Visualization & Explore the environmental situation \\  & 3-D environment & Help to plan the monitoring method \\  & Transparent layers & Mobilize volunteers \\  & Feasible & Disseminate information \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Creating Respect} & Visualization & Gather the community members’ lay knowledge \\  & 3-D environment & Prompt the local community’s historical memories \\  & Transparent layers & Help stakeholders to understand the history of wetland \\  & Overlapping layers & Raise the community’s awareness of the environmental value \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Enhancing Competence} & Visualization & Help stakeholders to understand the dynamics of environmental resources \\  & 3-D environment & Improve stakeholders’ communication ability \\  & Transparent layers & Improve discussions of management \\  & Overlapping layers & Help local stakeholders to persuade stakeholders in other sectors \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Defining Management Visions and Scopes} & Spatial interpolation & Help to understand the distribution of local environmental resource \\  & 3-D environment & Help to identify potential stakeholders \\  & Overlapping layers & Help to define management visions and scopes \\  & Feasible & Help to expand the spatial scope of the conservation plan \\  & Profile analysis & Help the stakeholders to build up a collective mechanism to allocate objectives, \\  & Simulates views & budgets, and human resources \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Creating Accountability} & Visualization & Help stakeholders to review the management results \\  & 3-D environment & Transparency of the decision-making process \\  & Transparent layers & Integration of mutual resources \\  & Feasible & Contiribute to the realization of a mature partnership \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Developping Equity} & Visualization & Help the establishment of equity between the public and private sectors \\  & 3-D environment & Ensure the legitimacy and appropriateness of management decisions \\  & Feasible & Enhance equitable sharing of costs and benefits in the refuge management \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Effects to apply PPGIS on improving governance quality of a protected area.