## 1 Introduction  
Two major earthquakes that occurred independently of each other on 6 February 2023, caused great destruction in Turkiye, which is placed in a region of very high seismic hazard. The first earthquake was M\({}_{\rm w}\) = 7.7 in the Pazarck (Kahramanmaras) at 04:17 local time, while the other earthquake occurred at 13:24 local time in the Elbistan (Kahramanmaras) with a magnitude of M\({}_{\rm w}\) = 7.6. There is a distance of approximately 90 km between the epicentes of two earthquake pairs that occurred nine hours apart. The successive occurrence of earthquakes caused an increase in the loss of both lives and property. More than 500,000 structures suffered structural damage at different levels while more than 50,000 people died. Both earthquakes significantly affected 11 different provinces such as Hatay, Kahramanmaras, Adyaman, Malatya, Adana, Osmaniye, Kilis, Sanlurria, Gaziantep, Osmaniye, and Diyarbakir. Many different types of structural systems were damaged at various levels such as heavy, moderate, and slightly, or collapsed. Many structures have survived despite the destructive nature of the first earthquake. However, after the second earthquake that happened on the same day, it achieved a higher level of damage and increased the extent of the destruction. Every devastating earthquake experienced brings the consequence of lessons and precautions to be taken in terms of both earthquake and civil engineering. Detection of structural damage after an earthquake is one of the important phases of advanced post-disaster management. Regarding spatial planning and urban change, the information obtained from damage assessments is crucial [1; 2; 3]. These and similar data can be used in earthquake zoning studies and the development of earthquake-resistant building design principles [4; 5]. This study focused on how the Kahramanmaras earthquake couple, which occurred on 6 February 2023, affected adobe structures. In general, reinforced concrete structures are the dominant structural type of the existent building stock in urban regions in 11 different provinces affected by the earthquake. In rural areas, masonry structures built with local craftsmen and construction techniques using different types of materials are the dominant building stock. Although these structures in rural areas vary regionally, they are generally built using rubble stone, adobe, brick, briquette, or cut stone. By increasing the surface areas of the load-bearing walls, which form the structural system of masonry structures, the bearing capacity is increased. The reason for this is that the compressive strength of the wall material used is higher than the tensile strength. However, while these elements can respond to high compressive forces, they are not resistant to shear and bending effects [6; 7; 8; 9; 10; 11]. The higher compressive forces that will occur depending on the magnitude of the earthquake cause damage at different levels. In addition, structural weaknesses, poor workmanship, and failure to apply earthquake-resistant building design rules directly affect the damage levels. There are many studies on the damage and damage levels of adobe and other types of masonry structures after earthquakes. [PERSON] [12] investigated the earthquake behaviour of two historic masonry palaces with corner towers by making three-dimensional structural analyses. Numerical structural analyses revealed that the damage distributions and seismic response are highly dependent on the dynamic and geometric features of the structures. In the North-East of Italy, [PERSON] and [PERSON] [13] attempted to predict the behaviour of eight medieval masonry towers using the finite element method using static and non-linear dynamic analysis methods. It has been determined that the geometrical properties of the structures affect the behaviour of the structures with the influence of seismic actions. After the 2003 Valle Sciuria earthquake, [PERSON] et al. [14] examined the current state of 20 masonry churches in Piedmont.