## 3 Results
The remaining Zernike polynomials have no significant effect since the RMS values computed considering all Zernike polynomials up to the 10 th order for each of the IOLs are almost equal to the RMS values computed with just the aforementioned polynomials (with minor variations from the 3 rd decimal position onwards), as can be seen in Figure 5.  
Primary spherical aberration values tend to be more negative from the center to the periphery of the monofocal model. For the multifocal models, there is an initial induction of positive spherical aberration values with a posterior change to negative spherical aberration values towards the periphery, more evident for IOLs with higher power. Thus, the +10.00 D AN6V model shows low positive values of SA up to the 5-mm optic zone, whereas the +20.00 D and +30.00 D IOLs show positive values of SA from the center to the 3.00-mm optic zone, and negative amounts of SA from a 3.0-mm zone up to the periphery (reaching \(-\)0.12 microns of SA for the +30.00 D IOL). As shown in Figure 3 and in the wavefront error variance contribution detailed in Table 1, the variation of SA with optical size is more pronounced in the monofocal model, reaching differences of almost 0.3 microns between the  
Figure 2: Radial power profiles for the three IOL models (AN6, AN6V, AN6 VM) and for the three measured nominal powers (+10.00 D up, +20.00 D middle, +30.00 D bottom). The left part corresponds to the near power zone while the right part corresponds to the far power zone. Horizontal black solid lines represent the nominal power for each of the IOLs. Horizontal green dashed lines represent +1.50 D addition from the nominal power. Horizontal blue dashed lines represent +3.00 D addition from the nominal power. Vertical black dashed lines represent the optic center of the IOLs. monofocal and multifocal lenses. This outcome aligns well with the information depicted in Figure 2, where the multifocal models exhibit a more stable radial profile throughout the far portion of the IOL. In contrast, the monofocal model displays a decrease in radial power from the center to the periphery (negative spherical aberration). For instance, in the case of the +30.00 D IOL, there is up to a 2-D difference between the radial central power and the radial power 2.5 mm away from the optical center, as illustrated in Figure 2.  
Figure 3 shows the dependency of SA with the power of the IOL under study, with higher amounts of negative SA for the +30.00 D IOL (independently on the IOL model), and higher inductions of negative SA for the monofocal model (independently on the IOL power). As an example, for the +30.00 D IOLs (blue lines in Figure 3), the monofocal model induces \(-\)0.36 microns of SA for a 5.00-mm optical zone, whereas this value is \(-\)0.12 microns for the multifocal IOL with +1.50 D addition, and \(-\)0.09 microns for the multifocal +3.00 D addition model. For a more central zone, 3.00 mm for instance, the monofocal +30.00 D IOL shows \(-\)0.04 microns of primary SA, the +1.50 D addition multifocal +30.00 D IOL induces no SA, and the +3.00 D addition multifocal +30.00 D IOL induces +0.02 microns. Figure 4: Primary vertical coma Zernike coefficient [Z(3:\(-\)1)] from a 0.75-mm optical zone diameter up to a 5.00-mm optical zone diameter for the three IOL models (AN6, AN6V, AN6 VM) and for the three measured nominal powers (+10.00 D, +20.00 D, +30.00 D). Figure 3: Primary spherical aberration Zernike coefficient [Z(4:0)] from a 0.75 mm-optical zone diameter up to a 5.00-mm optical zone diameter for the three IOL models (AN6, AN6V, AN6 VM) and for the three measured nominal powers (+10.00 D, +20.00 D, +30.00 D). Primary vertical coma (Figure 5) is the aberration showing the highest difference between monofocal and multifocal models, independently of the base power of the IOLs. The primary vertical coma coefficient [Z(3:\(-\)1)] remains almost stable for the monofocal IOLs, with values from 0.00 microns in the central zone to \(-\)0.02 microns for a 5-mm optical zone.