## 3 Results  
First, the simulations were performed for the healthy and DCM conditions. The ventricular pressures, aortic pressure, pulmonary arterial pressure, ventricular volumes and ventricular diameters for the healthy (Figure 2a-d) and DCM (Figure 2e-h) cardiovascular system models are presented in Figure 2.  
Left-ventricular and aortic peak pressures reduced slightly in the DCM cardiovascular system model. Right-ventricular and pulmonary arterial pressures were similar in the healthy and DCM cardiovascular system models. Right-ventricular volume was slightly higher in the DCM cardiovascular model than the left-ventricular volume in the healthy cardiovascular system model, whereas left-ventricular volume as well as left-ventricular diameter increased remarkably in the DCM cardiovascular system model. Aortic pressure, left-ventricular volume and diameter under HVAD, HM2 and HM3 support are shown in Figure 3.  
The amplitude of the aortic pressure signal was relatively high under HM2 support. HM3 support reduced the amplitude of the aortic pressure signal remarkably. Left-ventricular end-diastolic volume was the same under HVAD and HM2 support, whereas it was slightly lower under the support of the HM3 device. On the other hand, end-systolic volume was similar under HVAD and HM3 support and it was relatively low under HM2 support. HVAD and HM2 support resulted in similar end-diastolic left-ventricular diameters, whereas the end-systolic left-ventricular diameter was relatively low under HM2  
Figure 2: (**a**) Left-ventricular and aortic pressures, (**b**) right-ventricular and pulmonary arterial pressures, (**c**) left and right-ventricular volumes, (**d**) left and right-ventricular diameters in the healthy cardiovascular system model, (**e**) left-ventricular and aortic pressures, (**f**) right-ventricular and pulmonary arterial pressures, (**g**) left and right-ventricular volumes, (**h**) left and right-ventricular diameters in the DCM cardiovascular system model. p, pressure; V, volume; D, diameter; iv, left ventricle; ao, aorta; rv, right ventricle, po, pulmonary artery. support. The aortic pressure and left-ventricular volume and diameter under HVAD and HM3 support during the Lavare cycle and artificial pulse are shown in Figure 4.  
The HVAD Lavare cycle increased the peak pressure in the aorta, whereas HM3 artificial pulse resulted in reduced diastolic aortic pressure. HVAD increased the left-ventricular end-diastolic volume and diameter. HM3 artificial pulse also increased the left-ventricular end-diastolic volume and diameter. Left-ventricular pressure-volume loops in the healthy and DCM cardiovascular system models, under HVAD, HM2 and HM3 support and during the HVAD Lavare cycle and HM3 artificial pulse, are presented in Figure 5.  
The left-ventricular pressure-volume loop shifted to the right in the DCM cardiovascular system model (Figure 5a). The size of the left-ventricular pressure-volume loop reduced under HVAD, HM2 and HM3 support. The left-ventricular pressure-volume loop also shifted to the left under heart-pump support, whereas the size of the left-ventricular pressure-volume loops was similar during HVAD, HM2 and HM3 assistance. The Lavare cycle in HVAD and artificial pulse in HM3 increased the left-ventricular pressure-volume loop area whilst shifting it to the right. The following are presented in Table 2: mean arterial pressure; pulse pressure in aorta; cardiac and mean outputs, end-diastolic and end-systolic left-ventricular volumes and diameters in the healthy and DCM cardiovascular system models, under HVAD, HM2 and HM3 support and during the HVAD Lavare cycle and HM3 artificial pulse. Figure 4: (**a**) Aortic pressure, (**b**) left-ventricular volume, (**c**) left-ventricular diameter under HVAD, and HM3 support during Lavare cycle and artificial pulse. Figure 3: (**a**) Aortic pressure, (**b**) left-ventricular volume, (**c**) left-ventricular diameter under HVAD, HM2 and HM3 support.