# Seismic Hazard Evaluation and Strain Dynamics in the
## 2 Tectonic Settings
In addition to these seismic events, geological studies conducted in the area, combined with the instrumental records, indicate that multiple faults within the zone have been active at different times. The seismic activity of the SFZ is evidenced by numerous historical and instrumental period earthquakes, which have caused severe damage and human casualties in the surrounding regions (94, 1766, 1873, 1876 ve 1896 Historical, 1928 ([PERSON] M: 6.2), 1944 ([PERSON] M: 6.2), 1946 ([PERSON] M: 6), 1969 ([PERSON] M: 5.9), 1970 (Gediz M: 7.2), and 1979 (Cavdarhisar M: 5.9) [34; 54; 70; 73] (Table 2)). Following the 1970 Gediz earthquake (Mw: 7.2), which is regarded as one of the most devastating earthquakes in the history of Turkiye and produced a total surface rupture of 45 km, the most recent major earthquake in the vicinity of the SFZ occurred in Simav in 2011 (Mw: 5.8). This event, characterized by surface ruptures at various locations and a shallow focal depth, significantly amplified the extent of damage, particularly in rural areas due to deficient construction standards. Approximately one month after the main shock, a second earthquake with a local magnitude of Ml = 5.0 occurred in the same region. This was followed by nearly 7000 aftershocks and a third earthquake with a local magnitude of Ml = 5.4 on 3 May 2012, which was strongly \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c c c} \hline  & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Fault**} & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**Trend (RHR)**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Dip Angle (C\({}^{\circ}\))**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Depth (km)**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Magnitude**} \\ \hline  & **Segment** & **Type** & \begin{tabular}{c} **Length** \\ **(km)** \\ \end{tabular} & **Min** & **Max** & **Min** & **Max** & **Focal d.** & **Literature** & \
\begin{tabular}{c} **Estim.** \\ **Mw** \\ \end{tabular} \\  &
\begin{tabular}{c} Sundrngi \\ Cayismav \\ \end{tabular} & RL & 35 & 267 & 306 & & & & & & & & 7.10 \\
**Simav** &
\begin{tabular}{c} Saphane \\ Abide \\ \end{tabular} & RL & 23 & 286 & 312 & & & & & & & & 6.69 \\
**Fault** & Abide & RL & 33 & 287 & 308 & & & & & & 6.86 \\
**Zone** & Banaz & RL & 24 & 3 & 359 & & & & & & & 6.71 \\  & Elvampasq & RL & 27 & 270 & 298 & 87 & 90 & 18 & 16 & 6.76 \\  &
\begin{tabular}{c} Sampasq \\ \end{tabular} & RL & 18 & 303 & 323 & & & & & & & 6.57 \\
**Gelenbe** & East & RL & 35 & 3 & 50 & & & & & & 6.89 \\
**FZ** & West & RL & 36 & 6 & 40 & & & & & & 6.90 \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Fault parameters and potential earthquake magnitudes for SFZ and GFZ [39; 48; 67; 68]. felt in the surrounding provinces. Since then, the SFZ and surrounding areas have not experienced any destructive earthquakes [34; 57] (Figure 3). According to the Earthquake Hazard Map prepared in 2019 by the Disaster and Emergency Management Presidency (AFAD) based on the Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) methodology, Turkishye is divided into five seismic zones based on hazard levels. The region where the SFZ is located is represented by values of 0.47-0.54 g, classifying it as one of the highest-risk zones [80]. Furthermore, in the study conducted by [PERSON] et al. [81] after the 1970 Gediz earthquake, they pointed out the existence of a significant seismic gap in the middle section of the SFZ concerning large instrumental period earthquakes, highlighting that this situation presents a potential hazard for the SFZ and its surrounding areas. In addition to that, in a study conducted by [PERSON] [82], Coulomb stress change analyses revealed that the energy accumulation caused by the 1970 Gediz earthquake