## 6 Discussion
### Genesis of Rare Metals  
The pie charts presented in Figure 14 provide information on the relative proportions of different rare metals in the Jabal Sayid and Dayheen peralkaline granites as well as in the related pegmatites from these locations. Based on the charts, the following observations can be made: (1) Jabal Sayid peralkaline granites have higher proportions of Zr and Y and lower proportions of LREEs, HREEs, and Nb compared to Dayheen peralkaline granites; (2) the Dayheen pegmatites have higher proportions of Zr and Nb and lower proportions of LREEs, HREEs, and Y compared to Jabal Sayid pegmatites. The variations in rare metal proportions in peralkaline granites and related pegmatites in Jabal Sayid and Dayheen can be related to different geological processes, such as the following: (1) different sources of magmatic material that contributed to the formation of these rocks; (2) fractional crystallization process, where different minerals can selectively incorporate or exclude certain elements, leading to variations in rare metal proportions; (3) late-stage hydrothermal alteration processes that can significantly affect the rare metal contents in these rocks; and (4) surficial weathering processes that can lead to the alteration and breakdown of rocks and minerals, resulting in the release, redistribution, and concentration of elements, including rare metals. Based on the present petrological and geochemical data, the investigation of these alternatives will be covered in the following sections. Figure 14: _Cont._  
The remarkably similar chondrite-normalized REE patterns (Figure 9a,b), as well as the trace element profiles (Figure 8a,b) of the peralkaline granites and related pegmatites from Jabal Sayid and Dayheen, support the idea of a common origin. This indicates that the variations in rare metal proportions are less likely to be attributed to differences in the source material. Instead, it suggests that the source material for these rocks had a consistent composition, contributing to the similar rare metal signatures observed in both areas. The correlations between the contents of rare metals (Zr, Y, Ta, U, Th, Pb, Hf, LREEs, and HREEs) and Nb as a measure of magma fractionation, as shown in Figure 15, offer meaningful information about the processes involved in the formation of rare-metal granitic and pegmatitic rocks. The choice of these elements, which are progressively increased in the residual melt of fractionating magma regardless of its composition, allows for a better understanding of the enrichment mechanisms that control the formation of these rare-metal-bearing rocks. Figure 14: Pie charts illustrating the proportions of HREEs (Gd to Lu), LREEs (La to Sm), Zr, Y, and Nb in rare-metal peralkaline granites and related pegmatite in the Jabal Sayid and Dayheen areas. Figure 15: Correlations between the contents of rare metals and Nb as an indicator of magma fractionation. The open diamond symbols represent the Dayheen pegmatites, closed diamond symbols represent the Jabal Sayid pegmatites, and other symbols as in Figure 6.  
The strong positive correlation coefficients (>0.9) between Nb and Ta in granitic rocks and related pegmaties from Jabal Sayid and Dayheen indicate their genetic links and derivation from common sources. The fact that Nb and Ta have a tendency to be higher in peralkaline granites and related pegmaties compared to monzogranites, granodiorites, and diorites (as shown in Figure 15a) is consistent with their behavior as incompatible elements during magmatic differentiation. The elements Pb, U, Zr, and Hf exhibit moderate to strong correlations with Nb (R > 0.7) in the studied magmatic systems. This correlation suggests a common genetic origin and shared processes influencing their behavior. In the early magmatic phases, such as the granodiorite-diorite association, the concentrations of Pb, Zr, and Hf tend to be relatively low. This could be attributed to the fact that these elements are not significantly enriched during the initial stages of magmatic differentiation.