);  
[EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Y.T.J. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (H.S.L. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (H.J.C.) Y.S.Y. ; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (H.J.C. );  
[EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Y.T.J. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (H.S.L. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (H.J.C.) Y.S.Y. ; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (H.J.C. );  
[EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Y.T.J. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (H.S.L. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (H.J.C.) Y.S.Y. ; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (H.J.C. );  
[EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Y.T.J. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (H.S.L. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (H.J.C.) Y.S.Y. ; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (H.J.C. );  
[EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Y.T.J. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (H.S.L. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (H.J.C.) Y.S.Y. ; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (H.J.C. );  
[EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Y.T.J. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (H.S.L.L. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (H.J.C.) Y.S.Y. ; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (H.J.C. );  
[EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Y.T.J. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (H.S.L. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (H.J.C.) Y.S.Y. ; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (H.J.C. );  
[EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Y.T.J. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (H.S.L. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (H.J.C.) Y.S.Y. ; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (H.J.C. );  
[EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Y.T.J. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (H.S.L.L. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (H.J.C.) Y.S. ; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (H.J.C. );  
[EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Y.T.J. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (H.S.L. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (H.J.C.) Y.S. ; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (H.J.C. );
against various malignancies, including melanoma, breast, renal cell, and basal cell carcinomas, as well as pancreatic cancer [6]. Nevertheless, ECT is not without its challenges, with limited drug dispersion in target tissues due to heterogeneity [7], sometimes resulting in skin hyperpigmentation [8; 9]. A recent avenue of exploration involves the union of calcium ions with IRE, projecting this as a prospective anticancer modality [10; 11; 12; 13]. In this technique, the IRE platform introduces high concentrations of calcium ions directly into the cell's cytoplasm. This surge in calcium concentration gives rise to calcium ion-adenosine triphosphatase (Ca\({}^{2+}\)-ATPases) formations, escalating ATP consumption for the extrusion of calcium ions from the cell [14]. A rise in intracellular calcium also jeopardizes the mitochondrial membrane potential, causing dwindling ATP production [15]. Further consequences include the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the activation of lipases and proteases [16], collectively orchestrating apoptosis through ATP exhaustion [12; 17]. Unlike ECT, the coupling of calcium ions with IRE does not produce pigmentation, but it mandates further validation and exploration [18]. The chemical augmentation of IRE-based treatments encounters barriers, chiefly the requirement for uniform molecule distribution within the target tissue. A novel approach using near-infrared (NIR) as a photon booster for IRE treatment has been introduced [19]. With its wavenumber spectrum spanning 4000 to 12,500 cm\({}^{-1}\), NIR light, boasting longer wavelengths, offers superior tissue penetration compared to visible light [20]. NIR light-mediated photobiomodulation instigates signaling cascades corresponding to intracellular Ca\({}^{2+}\) fluctuations. Factors influencing these changes include exogenous Ca\({}^{2+}\) influx and endoplasmic reticulum-driven Ca\({}^{2+}\) release, suggesting ROS-induced transmembrane depolarization as a plausible light-activated signaling route [21]. However, existing research posits that NIR's effect on the membrane potential is multifaceted; while some studies highlight hyperpolarization in stem and cancer cells [19; 22], others indicate an energy density-dependent depolarization or hyperpolarization [19]. A noteworthy observation is that hyperpolarization, especially at 2-4 J/cm\({}^{2}\), significantly bolsters electroporation efficacy compared to depolarization [23; 24]. The inclusion of cationic peptides also influences this dynamic, accentuating the membrane's negative charge, thereby modulating the electrostatic potential [25]. The ramifications of these changes extend to the efficiency of molecular transport across the membrane after electroporation [26; 27].