esa-sceva/satcom-chunk-collection huggingface dataset:
## 4 Future Research Trends for ML-Based IRS-Assisted Wireless Communication
### Constrained System Modeling  
IRS-based communication can be employed in a constrained system or device to increase the performance without additional cost. Energy and time-constrained communication systems in industrial environments can be investigated by using ML methods. In addition, a good signal-to-noise ratio can be achieved for non-line of sight communication. A new investigation can be made to identify the advantages of IRS-assisted communication for such systems.
# Ultra-Low-Power Wide Range Backscatter Communication Using Cellular Generated Carrier +
## 2 Background
### Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN)
#### 2.1.6 DASH7 Alliance Protocol (D7 AP)  
This is an open-source wireless sensor and actuator network (WSAN) protocol with a full seven-layer OSI stack from physical layer to application layer [18]. D7 AP provides a long-range coverage i.e., up to 2 km, with low-latency transmission and long battery life. Burst transmission, light packet, asynchronous communication, and good mobility are the main features of D7 AP [6].
# QoS Aware and Fault Tolerance Based Software-Defined Vehicular Networks Using Cloud-Fog Computing
## 4 Proposed Solution
### VANET Vehicles  
VANET vehicles are part of SDVN and communicate with each other during critical times, or share any important information.
# A Novel Real-Time Match-Moving Method with HoloLens
###### Abstract  
With the advancement of media and computing technologies, video compositing techniques have improved to a great extent. These techniques have been used not only in the entertainment industry but also in advertisement and new media. Match-moving is a cinematic technology in virtual-real image synthesis that allows the insertion of computer graphics (virtual objects) into real world scenes. To make a realistic virtual-real image synthesis, it is important to obtain internal parameters (such as focal length) and external parameters (position and rotation) from an Red-Green-Blue(RGB) camera. Conventional methods recover these parameters by extracting feature points from recorded video frames to guide the virtual camera. These methods fail when there is occlusion or motion blur in the recorded scene. In this paper, we propose a novel method (system) for pre-visualization and virtual-real image synthesis that overcomes the limitations of conventional methods. This system uses the spatial understanding principle of Microsoft HoloLens to perform the match-moving of virtual-real video scenes. Experimental results demonstrate that our system is much more accurate and efficient than existing systems for video compositing.  
image synthesis; mixed reality; match-moving; pre-visualization; HoloLens Article
# Efficient Machine Learning-Based Prediction of Solar Irradiance Using Multi-Site Data
## 2 Proposed Solution  
This section details the complete operational pipeline of the proposed solar irradiance forecasting solution. We address all steps, with a focus on reproducibility, from data acquisition and cleaning to model training and evaluation. The core goal is to enable reproducibility across all stations using a unified and explainable machine learning framework. The developed solution incorporates a generalizable approach that utilizes data from various PV stations located in different regions, each with distinct characteristics, encompassing DNI, DHI, and GHI, which are the targets of the prediction. However, the prediction is not solely based on raw data. As the analysis will demonstrate, there is a strong correlation between the current GHI value and its lagged versions. Therefore, a windowing function is created to generate data based on these windows, enabling the forecasting of future values based on past observations.
## 5 Conclusions  
In this work, material removal in ultrasonic abrasive polishing was studied using both experiments and SPH simulations. The roles of cavitation bubble collapse and the impact of abrasive particles in material removal were confirmed.  
Figure 13: Material removal mechanism in the ultrasonic abrasive polishing of additive manufactured components.  
The following major conclusions have been drawn:  
1. Cavitation bubble collapse in ultrasonic polishing can efficiently remove the partially melted powders on additive manufactured surfaces, and a further improvement of surface quality can be obtained through the micro-cut and impact of abrasive particles in the slurry. In this work, the roughness was decreased to 2.93 \(\upmu\)m from the initial value of 9.48 \(\upmu\)m after 30 min of polishing.
2. Increasing the output power enhances the cavitation intensity and the impact of abrasive particles, which would improve the polishing process.
3. Micro-abrasive particles act as bubble nucleation sites, which increase the cavitation intensity and, accordingly, facilitate the material removal process. However, a high abrasive concentration will result in interference between the particles and a decentralization of material removal. Therefore, the polishing effect can be only improved when the abrasive concentration is within a certain range.  
Conceptualization, J.W.; Investigation, J.W., J.Z., and P.J.L.; Methodology, J.W. and J.Z.; Validation, J.W. and J.Z.; Writing--Original Draft Preparation, J.W.; Writing--Review &Editing, J.W., P.J.L., and J.Z.  
This research was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grant no. 51805067], China Postdoctoral Science Foundation [Grant no. 2019M651093], Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China [Grant no. 3132019193].  
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
# Clinical, Research, and Educational Applications of ChatGPT in Dentistry: A Narrative Review
## 4 Discussion
### Ethical and Practical Considerations  
Legal issues related to the use of ChatGPT are troubling due to unclear accountability and copyright matters [116; 120; 121]. Fighting plagiarism and academic incorrectness requires the creation of solid ethical principles that harmonize the usefulness of AI with personal interests. Researchers who use ChatGPT for writing academic papers should openly disclose its use.  
There are numerous problems related to patient privacy, which could be compromised [67; 121]. When sensitive patient information is entered into the ChatGPT chatbox, it is unclear how these data are stored or for how long. Even if it is unintentional, data may be stored on the AI's servers, increasing the risk of unauthorized access. These data could be used to further train the AI model. This means that sensitive information could be used in ways that were not intended or authorized, including sharing with third parties. Any computer system, including those hosting ChatGPT, can be vulnerable to security breaches. In the event of a breach, sensitive patient information could be exposed to bad actors. To protect patients' data, the use of offline LLMs such as META LLaMA or any kind of anonymization could be a solution. Nonetheless, offline LLMs should be proposed as standard, since anonymization still raises possible concerns due to the data being sent and processed to external servers anyway [68]. This use also lacks compliance with privacy regulations: using AI to manage patient data may not comply with privacy regulations such as the GDPR in Europe or HIPAA in the United States, if the AI is not properly configured to protect and manage data in compliance with these laws. To mitigate these risks, it is essential that any use of AI, such as ChatGPT, in a clinical context is carefully evaluated and managed [122; 123].  
At present (November 2024), ChatGPT is accessible at no cost in its GPT-4o mini version and for the use of custom GPTs. Monthly fees are charged for updated and multimodal builds (also known as GPT-4, GPT-4o, and DALL-E) and to create customized GPT versions. Yet, there exists a concern that ChatGPT and comparable artificial intelligence systems could become prohibitively costly to access as their popularity increases. This might lead to a disproportionate allocation of resources among researchers across different disciplines [66; 124]. Various publications have even credited the chatbot with authorship [125; 126]. Nevertheless, attributing authorship carries significant ethical implications for scholarly articles and has emerged as a pressing issue in academic journals. A recent article in _Nature_ declared that an AI chatbot should not be recognized as author of a scientific paper, as it cannot be accountable for the claims made in the article [127].
## 3 Results  
### Effects of Different Treatments on Decomposition Characteristics of Straw  
#### 3.1.1 Effects of Different Treatments on Straw Loss Rate in Different Periods  
The mass loss rate of straw increased gradually over time, indicating a gradual decomposition process with an initial rapid phase followed by a slower phase. In Figure 1, straw aged 0-90 days decomposed faster compared to straw aged 90-150 days. At 60 days, the mass loss rate of straw treated with T2 was significantly higher than that of T1 and T4, with no significant difference between T2 and T3. Similar decomposition characteristics were observed at 90 and 150 days, where straw treated with T2 and T3 had significantly higher mass loss rates than T1 and T4. By 120 days, the mass loss rate of straw treated with T2 was significantly higher than other treatments, with no significant difference between T3 and T4. By the end of 150 days, the mass loss rates for T1, T2, T3, and T4 were 44.2%, 53.67%, 51.60%, and 47.27%, respectively. The addition of animal manure notably increased the decomposition rate of corn straw, with the order of effectiveness being T2 \(>\) T3 \(>\) T4 \(>\) T1.
# Embedded Based Real-Time Monitoring in the High-Pressure Resin Transfer Molding Process for CFRP
## 1 Introduction
While the dielectric sensor and electric-resistance sensor can be built-in to the mold, they must be electrically isolated from the conductive carbon fiber. Moreover, this is only applicable in the inside of a mold with uniform pressure and requires an expensive spectrum analyzer. Temperature sensors such as thermocouples are inexpensive to install but have been proposed for one-off research. The specifications of the monitoring system proposed in the present study were determined based on the design of the mold, mixing head, and metering pump through HP-RTM process analysis. The feasibility of its application was confirmed by developing an FPGA-based embedded system that was capable of high-speed signal processing for real-time onsite monitoring. In addition, the causes of molding defects were analyzed by process monitoring based on pressure, temperature, and LVDT signals. Finally, we also considered what effects could influence the CFRP quality.
# Optimizing Aircraft Routes in Dynamic Conditions Utilizing Multi-Criteria Parameters
## 3 Materials and Methods
* Safety requirements: the solution must ensure compliance with all safety standards and requirements, including avoidance of hazardous areas and ensuring an adequate level of flight safety. * Scalability: the technology solution must be able to process large amounts of data and support scalability for different types of aircraft and routes. * Integration with existing systems: the proposed system should easily integrate with existing infrastructure and navigation systems to ensure compatibility and efficiency. Thus, to develop a technological solution that will ensure an efficient search for optimal flight routes for aircraft in modern conditions, several key requirements must be taken into account. First, the system must ensure economic efficiency by optimizing fuel and maintenance costs. Second, it must be fast in route planning, which is especially important in a resource-constrained environment. Adaptability to dynamic weather conditions is also critical for route accuracy. In addition, the system must take into account departure time and flight duration, route length, safety requirements, and be scalable and integrate with existing navigation systems.
## 3 Results and Discussion  
### Synthesis and Template Removal  
The use of appropriate molar ratios of template/functional monomer/cross-linker is very important to improve the specific affinity of the polymers and the number of recognition sites of the MIP. High ratios of functional monomer/template typically result in high non-specific affinity, while low ratios produce fewer complexation events due to insufficient functional groups [29]. The cross-linker molar amount used in each of the formulations prepared complied with the functional monomer to cross-linker molar ratio of 1:5 [29]. Molecularly imprinted and non-imprinted polymers were prepared through MW- (**1-3**) and thermal-assisted synthesis (**4-6**), using different imprinting ratios (1:2, 1:3, 1:4; template/functional monomer; Table 1), and its binding properties characterized.  
The usage of microwave irradiation consistently reduces the polymerization time with respect to traditional heating. This is due to the promotion of high heat transfer into the reaction mixture that facilitated the increase in reaction rate and the decrease in the energy consumption [12]. The effect of irradiation on polymerization was assessed by visual inspection of obtained materials, through experiments with successive temperature increases starting at 55 \({}^{\circ}\)C up to 80 \({}^{\circ}\)C. The solution increased fluidity with extended times but only from 70 \({}^{\circ}\)C onwards a monolith was obtained after 2 h of irradiation. Comparing with thermal heating, the use of MW reduced the preparation time by 12-fold, using the same temperature. Template removal was achieved after washing with a mixture of methanol: acetic acid (9:1, 1 mL\(\cdot\cdot\)min\({}^{-1}\), 48 h). Experiments using the same washing volume at higher flux (up to 10 mL\(\cdot\cdot\)min\({}^{-1}\)) and higher acetic acid content (up to 20% \(v/v\)) did not improve template removal times. Regarding the mass of polymer used in each experiment, the use of 10 and 30 mg of polymer in 1 mL of solution was evaluated and equivalent results were obtained.
# Enhancing CT Segmentation Security against Adversarial Attack: Most Activated Filter Approach
## 3 Experiments
### Evaluation Metrics  
To evaluate the performance of the proposed method from this work against the baseline methods, three metrics are employed: positive predictive value (PPV), sensitivity, and accuracy. PPV quantifies the proportion of accurately predicted adversarial samples among all samples labeled as adversarial. Sensitivity, on the other hand, captures the fraction of adversarial samples that are correctly identified out of all true adversarial samples. In addition, accuracy is used to assess the capability of the binary classifier--in this context, to distinguish between genuine and adversarial samples. The formulas for PPV, sensitivity, and accuracy are as follows.  
\[\text{PPV}=\frac{\text{TP}}{\text{TP}+\text{FP}} \tag{2}\]  
\[\text{Sensitivity}=\frac{\text{TP}}{\text{TP}+\text{FN}} \tag{3}\]  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l} \hline \hline
**Method Name** & **Key Features** \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Ours} & 1. Uses the target medical segmentation model \\  & 2. Extracts features from the first layer \\  & 3. Requires knowledge of the attack method to train the attack detector \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{MagNet} & 1. Employs a shallow autoencoder \\  & 2. Detects attacks based on the threshold of reconstruction error \\  & 3. Does not require knowledge of the attack method \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Park} & 1. Utilizes the entire structure of the target medical segmentation model \\  & 2. Transforms the given image using discrete Fourier transformation \\  & 3. Does not require knowledge of the attack method \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Park\_spatial} & 1. Utilizes the entire structure of the target medical segmentation model \\  & 2. Does not transform the given image \\  & 3. Does not require knowledge of the attack method \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 2: Key features of methods.  
\[\text{Accuracy}=\frac{\text{TP}+\text{TN}}{\text{TP}+\text{TN}+\text{FP}+\text{ FN}} \tag{4}\]  
where TP, FP, TN, and FN indicate true positive, false positive, true negative, and false negative, respectively. For the attack detector, a positive label signifies an actual adversarial sample, while a negative label denotes a genuine sample. Consequently, a true positive is identified as an adversarial sample by the detector, whereas a false positive is marked as genuine, despite being an actual adversarial sample.
# Evaluating the Impact of Drone Signaling in Crosswalk Scenario
## 3 Materials and Methods
### Algorithm
#### 3.4.1 Phase 1: Driver Behavior Checking  
This phase aims at identifying if the car driver has normal or abnormal behavior. For this, the drone observes the car from initial distance \(d_{c,i}\) to a threshold distance \(d_{c,t}\), between the car and the crosswalk. The collected information are the speed profile \(v_{c}(d_{c})\) and the acceleration profile \(a_{c}(d_{c})\).  
At distance \(d_{c,t}\), the drone checks the driver behavior. Two situations are possible. If either \(v_{c}(d_{c,t})>v_{0}\) or \(a_{c}(d_{c,t})>a_{0}\) or that more than \(p_{0}\) values in the acceleration profile are greater than \(a_{0}\), then the drone considers that the driver behavior is abnormal. This means that either the car is approaching the crosswalk too fast or that it has sudden acceleration/deceleration or that it presents residual acceleration (respectively). In this case, the drone sends an alert to the driver, as well as to the infrastructure, unless the drone considers that the car driver behaves normally. In addition, the drone sends information to the vehicle about energy consumption and informs it on whether or not its consumption is well optimized.
# An Agile Approach to Improve the Usability of a Physical Telechabilitation Platform
###### Abstract  
The goal of a telerehabilitation platform is to safely and securely facilitate the rehabilitation of patients through the use of telecommunication technologies complemented with the use of biomedical smart sensors. The purpose of this study was to perform a usability evaluation of a telerehabilitation platform. To improve the level of usability, the researchers developed and proposed an iterative process. The platform uses a digital representation of the patient which duplicates the therapeutic exercise being executed by the patient; this is detected by a Kinect camera and sensors in real time. This study used inspection methods to perform a usability evaluation of an exploratory prototype of a telerehabilitation platform. In addition, a cognitive workload assessment was performed to complement the usability evaluation. Users were involved through all the stages of the iterative refinement process. Usability issues were progressively reduced from the first iteration to the fourth iteration according to improvements which were developed and applied by the experts. Usability issues originally cataloged as catastrophic were reduced to zero, major usability problems were reduced to ten (2.75%) and minor usability problems were decreased to 141 (38.74%). This study also intends to serve as a guide to improve the usability of **e**-Health systems in alignment with the software development cycle.  
telemedicine; telerehabilitation; user interface; usability evaluation; heuristic evaluation; software product quality; exploratory prototyping +
Footnote †: journal: Article
# Evaluation of Orbital Drift Effect on Proba-V Surface Reflectances Time Series
## 3 Data and Methods  
### Proba-V Data  
The data considered in the frame of this study are Proba-V TOC products of Collection 1 [24] at 1 km resolution, covering the full operational mission period, i.e., from January 2014 to June 2020. The quality flags available within the products--snow/ice, cloud and  
Figure 2: The figure shows the predicted LTDN variation (h) of Proba-V orbit using flight model simulations. The drifting orbit (blue) is plotted together with a steady sun-synchronous orbit (dotted green) having a stable LTDN, fixed to the value reached after launch (10:45 a.m.).  
cloud shadow flags--were used to select clear pixels. The per-pixel geometry was used as input for the analysis, and includes the Viewing Zenith Angle (VZA), the sun zenith angle (SZA) and the viewing and sun azimuth angles (VAA and SAA, respectively). The products were accessed within the Proba-V Mission Exploitation Platform (MEP) [25] where all analyses have been made.
# Generative Adversarial Networks for Zero-Shot Remote Sensing Scene Classification
## 3 Results
### Dataset  
We selected three datasets in the most widely used remote sensing images classification datasets, namely UCM21 [29], AID30 [30] and NWPU45 [7].  
The UCM21 dataset has 21 classes, and each scene class consists of 100 images. For each scene class, the size of the image is 256 \(\times\) 256 pixels. The AID30 dataset has 30 categories, each category has 200 to 400 samples, and each sample has a pixel size of 600 \(\times\) 600. The NWPU45 dataset has 45 classes, and each scene class consists of 700 images. For each scene class, the size of the image is 256 \(\times\) 256 pixels. As shown in Figure 2, we can see the diversity of images within the same class.
# Asynchronous Quantum-Resistant Blockchain for Secure Intelligence Sharing
## 3 Preliminary
### Sphincs\({}^{+}\)  
SPHINCS\({}^{+}\) represents the first hash-based digital signature scheme selected by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) as part of its post-quantum cryptographic standards, originally introduced by [PERSON] et al. [19]. Its primary advantage lies in eliminating the need to record the state of previously utilized signatures, inherently enhancing security against quantum adversaries. The SPHINCS\({}^{+}\) structure mainly comprises three distinct components. The Forest of Random Subsets (FORS) operates as a few-time signature mechanism built upon multiple tree structures to effectively mitigate the probability of signature repetition and guard against forgery or replay attacks. The Winternitz One-Time Signature (WOTS+) serves as a one-time signature mechanism that generates public keys via iterative hash computations, linking FORS with the subsequent Extended Merkle Signature Scheme (XMSS). Finally, XMSS, an extension of the traditional Merkle tree methodology, constitutes the core hierarchical framework that systematically coordinates the signature generation process within SPHINCS\({}^{+}\).