## 4 Case Study
### Carbon Footprint Influence Factor Analysis Based on DEMATEL-ISM-MICMAC
#### 4.3.3 Analysis of MICMAC Results  
Based on the reachability matrices, the drivers and dependencies of the matrices were obtained using the application of Equations (12) and (13) (Table 10).  
(1) As illustrated in Figure 7, the first quadrant belongs to the correlation factors; only transportation distance (S\({}_{7}\)) is on the border of the correlation and dependence factors, with a high driving force and a high degree of dependence, indicating that this factor has a considerable influence on the carbon footprint of the physical stage of prefabricated housing, but it is also susceptible to the influence of other factors. It is an unstable factor, and its change will cause strong changes in other factors in the system.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**Factors** & **Driving Force** & **Dependency** \\ \hline S\({}_{1}\) & 1 & 10 \\ S\({}_{2}\) & 1 & 9 \\ S\({}_{3}\) & 6 & 1 \\ S\({}_{4}\) & 13 & 2 \\ S\({}_{5}\) & 5 & 7 \\ S\({}_{6}\) & 1 & 9 \\ S\({}_{7}\) & 7 & 8 \\ S\({}_{8}\) & 10 & 3 \\ S\({}_{9}\) & 1 & 5 \\ S\({}_{10}\) & 2 & 3 \\ S\({}_{11}\) & 5 & 5 \\ S\({}_{12}\) & 1 & 3 \\ S\({}_{13}\) & 1 & 2 \\ S\({}_{14}\) & 1 & 1 \\ S\({}_{15}\) & 12 & 1 \\ S\({}_{16}\) & 1 & 6 \\ S\({}_{17}\) & 4 & 1 \\ S\({}_{18}\) & 6 & 2 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 10: Drivers and dependencies table.  
Figure 7: MICMAC classification chart of carbon footprint-influencing factors in the materialization phase of prefabricated housing.  
the energy consumption of raw materials (S4), component production process (S8), and construction planning and organization (S15) are located in the second quadrant, indicating that they have a high degree of drive and a low degree of dependence and are independent factor sets.
3. These elements become the deep core factors driving the carbon footprint of the physical phase of constructed homes because they have a large impact on the other variables while being less impacted by them; the third quadrant belongs to the autonomous factors of equipment efficiency (S3), waste and wastewater treatment (S9), production size and volume (S10), packaging and containers (S11), efficiency of component transportation (S12), losses during transportation (S13), transportation emission factors (S14), construction assembly (S17), and wear and tear during construction (S18). These are nine factors with low dependency and driving force, and although relatively independent, they directly affect the carbon footprint of the stage at which prefabricated housing is objectified, and are influential factors that cannot be ignored.
4. The fourth quadrant belongs to dependent factors, including material selection and production (S1), waste disposal (S2), transportation tool selection (S5), type of transportation energy (S6), and construction energy consumption (S16). They are classified as contingent variables because they are highly dependent on other variables yet lack a strong driving factor. These should be regulated by keeping an eye on changes in other factors that affect the carbon footprint of assembled dwellings as they occur.