## 1 Introduction  
With the evolution of wireless devices, the Internet and communication systems have evolved rapidly. Thus, next-generation networks (NGN), including sixth-generation (6G) networks, are expected to support novel applications and meet new requirements [1]. The vehicular network is a highly promising network that is expected to provide reliable communication infrastructure for vehicles. The introduction of the fifth-generation (5G) technology brings innovative solutions for vehicular communications, with significant consequences for the transportation sector [2]. Connected vehicles, which serve as the foundation for intelligent transportation systems, are one of the most prominent applications of 5G technology and are expected to be a main part of the 6G networks. The upcoming 6G networks are expected to support ultra-high mobility; thus, enabling vehicular communication with the announced requirements of such networks is a big demand. This new paradigm, i.e., vehicular networks, includes a wide range of services to enable autonomous vehicles and facilitate data interchange between vehicles, infrastructure, and the cloud. Such systems promise increased safety, improved traffic management, and a better driving experience [3]. Forced by the recent advances in vehicles and embedded smart tools including wireless sensors, onboard computers, global positioning system (GPS), antenna, radar, and data storage solutions, vehicular networks have attracted academics and industry. Nowadays, the evolution of vehicles is to convert the traditional vehicles that supply basic services to smart vehicles that provide advanced services, achieving higher road safety and an easier life. VANT is a mobile ad hoc network (MANT) where vehicles act as mobile nodes or routers. This aims to acquire two types of communication: immediate communication between vehicles (V2V) and vehicle-to-everything (V2X), which provides communication between vehicles, roadside fixed infrastructure, and other network parts [4]. In VANT, each vehicle contains an onboard unit (OBU) that contains the radio transceiver to enable communication between vehicles and roadside units (RSUs). According to the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), vehicular networks in the 6G (IMT2030) era must provide full coverage, ultra-high reliability, availability, ultra-low delay, and significant system flexibility. Specifically, delivering end-to-end latency as low as 1 millisecond, managing huge data flow, and supporting high-to-ultra-high mobility are significant problems that must be overcome [5; 6]. Ultra-low latency communication (uRLLC) is required for numerous VANET scenarios and applications, including autonomous/safe driving. It is critical to think beyond the traditional structures of automotive networks to achieve these requirements [6]. Modern innovative technologies, including distributed edge computing, microservices, and software-defined networking (SDN), can greatly improve network performance. SDN provides a programmable network management architecture that improves flexibility and resource efficiency [7]. Distributed edge computing enables more efficient data processing and dissemination, improving the overall user experience in VANETs. It can speed up local data analytics and decision-making processes, allowing vehicles to respond instantly to changing conditions and events. In two ways, distributed edge computing can be deployed for vehicular networks: mobile edge computing (MEC) and fog computing [8]. Furthermore, MEC and fog enable offloading computationally intensive activities from vehicles, which frequently have limited processing capacity and energy resources. This offloading feature saves vehicle resources and ensures that programs that require a lot of computational power may still run smoothly and consistently [9]. MEC has arisen, providing cloud functionality at the edges of wireless networks. MEC significantly improves vehicular network performance by moving computational resources closer to the data source.