## 7 Conclusions  
The analysis of the geospatial and temporal patterns of natural and man-made (technological) disasters from 1900 to 2024 provides significant insights into these events' global distribution and impact. This research reveals that Asia is the most affected continent, with the highest number of disasters, indicating the need for robust risk mitigation strategies, particularly concerning seismic resilience and flood management. Africa faces a high percentage of man-made (technological) disasters, emphasizing the need for improved in \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt}} \hline \hline
**Recommendation** & **Description** & **Short-Term** & **Long-Term** & **National** & **Local** \\ \hline Enhancing health systems & Enhance health infrastructures to provide better responses to epidemics and other public health crises & ✓ & ✓ & \(\uparrow\) & \(\downarrow\) \\ \hline Technological upgrades for disaster monitoring & Invest in cutting-edge technologies for real-time disaster monitoring and early detection capabilities & ✓ & ✓ & \(\uparrow\) & \(\uparrow\) \\ \hline Capacity building for emergency responders & Continuously train and equip emergency responders & responders to increase their efficiency and effectiveness during crises & ✓ & ✓ & \(\uparrow\) & \(\uparrow\) \\ \hline Improving urban infrastructure infrastructure & Design urban infrastructure to be resilient against both natural and man-made (technological) disasters & & ✓ & \(\uparrow\) & \(\downarrow\) \\ \hline Implementing comprehensive risk assessments & Conduct comprehensive risk assessments & ✓ & ✓ & \(\uparrow\) & \(\downarrow\) \\ \hline Developing cross-sectoral and cross-national DRR strategies & Coordinate disaster risk reduction activities across various sectors, such as healthcare, agriculture, and transportation & ✓ & ✓ & \(\uparrow\) & \(\downarrow\) \\ \hline Strengthening legal and institutional frameworks to institutional frameworks & Strengthen legal and institutional frameworks support robust disaster risk management practices & ✓ & ✓ & \(\uparrow\) & \(\downarrow\) \\ \hline Fostering public–private partnerships & Promote public–private partnerships to leverage resources and expertise in disaster risk reduction initiatives & ✓ & ✓ & \(\uparrow\) & \(\uparrow\) \\ \hline Grouping disaster mitigation measures & Tailor disaster mitigation measures to specific types of disasters, including floods, earthquakes, and industrial accidents & ✓ & ✓ & \(\uparrow\) & \(\downarrow\) \\ \hline Enhancing community resilience programs & Develop educational and training programs to enhance community resilience and disaster preparedness & ✓ & ✓ & \(\uparrow\) & \(\uparrow\) \\ \hline Improving data collection and analysis & Improve data collection and analysis & deeper understanding of disaster trends and inform policy decisions. Improve standardized data collection and analysis & ✓ & ✓ & \(\uparrow\) & \(\downarrow\) \\ \hline Increasing funding for DRR initiatives & Secure consistent funding for disaster risk reduction programs to ensure their long-term success and sustainability & ✓ & ✓ & \(\uparrow\) & \(\uparrow\) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} Note: an upward arrow (\(\uparrow\)) indicates a focus on national-level implementation; a downward arrow (\(\downarrow\)) indicates a focus on local-level implementation; a checkmark (✓) indicates immediate action or short-term implementation.  
\end{table} 
Table 13: _Cont._dustrial safety and infrastructure, while natural disasters such as droughs are exacerbated by climate change. North America predominantly records natural disasters, particularly storms and wildfires, highlighting the importance of strengthening early warning systems and community resilience. Oceania, despite having the fewest total disasters, reports a high proportion of natural disasters due to its unique geographical characteristics.