# Common Molecular Mechanisms and Biomarkers in Breast, Colon and Ovarian Cancer
There has been one reported case of a patient with colon cancer that initially spread to the ovary and, after receiving palliative chemotherapy, further metastasized to the breast [13]. Metastatic breast tumors that originate from other organs are very rare. However, an increased risk of developing secondary primary cancers in other organs has been shown to occur after treatment for ovarian cancer, which may be influenced by the therapy administered as well as by common risk factors [14]. Patients with ovarian cancer who received radiotherapy or chemotherapy had an increased risk of subsequently developing colon cancer, bladder cancer from radiotherapy alone, leukemia from chemotherapy, and lymphoma from either treatment [14]. [PERSON] et al. [15] described a case involving a patient with a p53 mutation who had ovarian cancer that later metastasized to the breast. Mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes significantly elevate the hereditary risk of developing breast and ovarian cancer. Additionally, these mutations are linked to an increased risk of colon cancer, indicating a broader susceptibility to various types of cancer in individuals who carry this mutation [16]. Defects in the DNA mismatch repair genes can increase the likelihood of developing colorectal cancer as well as other cancers, including those of the endometrium, ovaries, gastrointestinal tract, and kidneys. Furthermore, mutations in certain genes involved in homologous recombination repair pathways, such as CHEK2, PALB2, ATM, RAD51C, RAD51D, and BRIP1, may also contribute to the development of hereditary cancer syndromes [17]. Ovarian, breast, and colon cancers are highly complex and necessitate advanced technologies for diagnosis and treatment [7]. Proteomic biomarkers, therapeutic targets, identification of key signaling pathways, cancer subtype classification, and liquid biopsies are significant contributions of proteomics that have led to substantial progress in breast, ovarian, and colon cancers. Proteomics, in conjunction with genomics, enables precision medicine and personalized treatment predictions, enhancing clinical outcomes for patients [18]. Thus, the identification of biomarkers is essential for diagnosing, predicting, and assessing the prognosis of complex diseases like cancer. There is substantial research potential to better understand different types of tumors by cataloging key mutations and the molecular networks that underlie this complex disease [19]. Nowadays, numerous molecular markers are widely used in cancer evaluation, prediction, monitoring and diagnosis. The levels of these markers are dynamic and fluctuate according to tumor progression and disease stage [5]. However, given the complexity of cancer, its diverse subtypes with multiple genetic backgrounds, and the need for a personalized approach, expanding knowledge of the underlying molecular mechanisms and advancing the search for new biomarkers is essential. The aim of this study is to identify key proteins that can serve as reliable common biomarkers for breast, colon, and ovarian cancer through a comprehensive analysis of common proteins, molecular mechanisms, and pathways, as well as validating findings using patient samples via an in-silico analysis approach. The ultimate purpose of this research is to identify biomarkers that could be useful for enhancing early detection, tailoring treatments, predicting therapy responses, and/or identifying risk groups, through further studies; this would represent a significant advance in precision medicine and, consequently, in the clinical management of patients.