# An Efficient 5G Data Plan Approach Based on Partially Distributed Mobility Architecture
###### Abstract  
Reaching a flat network is the main target of future evolved packet core for the 5G mobile networks. The current 4 th generation core network is centralized architecture, including Serving Gateway and Packet-data-network Gateway; both act as mobility and IP anchors. However, this architecture suffers from non-optimal routing and intolerable latency due to many control messages. To overcome these challenges, we propose a partially distributed architecture for 5 th generation networks, such that the control plane and data plane are fully decoupled. The proposed architecture is based on including a node Multi-session Gateway to merge the mobility and IP anchor gateway functionality. This work presented a control entity with the full implementation of the control plane to achieve an optimal flat network architecture. The impact of the proposed evolved packet Core structure in attachment, data delivery, and mobility procedures is validated through simulation. Several experiments were carried out by using NS-3 simulation to validate the results of the proposed architecture. The Numerical analysis is evaluated in terms of total transmission delay, inter and intra handover delay, queuing delay, and total attachment time. Simulation results show that the proposed architecture performance-enhanced end-to-end latency over the legacy architecture. 6 20  
networks aim to provide faster speed and a higher number of connected users to overcome such challenges [7; 8]. Mobile operators and industry partners are collaborating to address such challenges in the near future [9; 10]. The main two challenges to address are: firstly, enhancing the network capacity for the vast number of connected devices and, secondly, efficiently handling all data traffic passing through the network. Many approaches have been proposed for the first challenge, including device-to-device communication and radio resource management. Small cell technology [11], which utilizes available resources to provide better coverage and data rates, which is considered as a promising approach [12]. Several methods have been suggested for the second challenge to overcome the centralized core network and hierarchical architecture adjustment. Therefore, it is essential to enhance the current architecture by proposing a flat core network architecture to handle the many devices connections, and big data generators such as IoT [13; 14]. The current 4 th generation (4G) is based on the Evolved Packet System (EPS), which has a flat IP-based architecture as shown in Figure 1[15; 16]. Such architecture is composed of two main components the Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN) and the Evolved Packet Core (EPC) [17]. E-UTRAN is consists of base stations eNodeB (eNB). On the other hand, The EPC consists of Management Mobility Entity (MME), anchor mobility Serving Gateway (S-GW), Packet-data-network gateway (P-GW), and Home Subscription Server (HSS). For routing data from a P-GW to the User Equipment (UE), a combination of S1-U, S5/S8, and X2 bearer are used. S1-U is a connection between eNB and S-GW, while S5/S8 delivers traffic from S-GW to P-GW, and X2 is a temporary connection in case of mobility. In the 4G data plane architecture, S-GW acts as a mobility anchor and forwards packets between eNB and P-GW. Furthermore, P-GW acts as an edge router, enabling UE to connect to the Internet. Additionally, the primary function of P-GW is traffic directing, packet filtering, and IP allocation. MME manages and controls all procedures in a centralized manner. Finally, the data delivery procedures, including initial attach and mobility management, are based on the concept of GPRS tunneling protocol (GTP) [18; 19]. Such centralized architecture has several challenges. Firstly, in non-optimal routing, data packets in uplink and downlink have to route via mobility anchor; this might not be the shortest path between P-GW and UE.