# An Electronically Adjustable Floating Memcapacitor Emulator Circuit Using CDBA
## 3 Simulation and Experimental Results
### Fourier Analysis  
Fourier analysis is an important method widely used in fields such as signal processing and vibration analysis, and shows that any signal can be expressed as a series of sine waves with different amplitudes and phases [56]. In this section, a Fourier analysis was performed on the electrical charge in the memcapacitor corresponding to the designed emulator. According to the result of this analysis shown in Figure 12, the fundamental harmonic was observed at a frequency of 1 kHz, and the second harmonic was observed at a frequency of 2 kHz with very small amplitude. The total harmonic distortion (THD) in the memcapacitor was found to be 1.05% at this frequency. The fact that the harmonics other than the fundamental harmonic are quite small supports this result. Since the memcapacitor charge signal is closer to the sinusoidal signal at high frequencies, it is normal for the Fourier analysis and the THD calculated accordingly to be quite low. As the frequency value decreases, the memcapacitor charge signal is a sinusoidal signal with a slope depending on the increasing or decreasing forms (since the q-v characteristic widens). Therefore, it is possible that the harmonics other than the fundamental harmonic are slightly more pronounced. This causes the THD at low frequencies to be slightly higher than the THD at high frequencies. In general, higher-order harmonics are not observed in the Fourier analysis due to the compressed charge-voltage relationship created by the emulator.  
In order to examine the performance quality of our designed emulator and its contributions to the literature, the examination and comparison of current studies in the literature in terms of the parameters determining the performance quality are provided in Table 6 below. Compared to the memcapacitor emulator designs presented in the existing literature, the proposed circuit design exhibits a balanced performance in terms of circuit complexity, frequency response and practical applicability. Unlike circuits based solely on simulation data, our study has experimental data compatible with simulation. Some emulators have memristors in their structure or are designed with a large number of active elements, making them complex and costly; in this context, our emulator is at a medium cost. In addition, our circuit, which operates reliably up to approximately 25 kHz, offers higher  
Figure 12: Fourier analysis of the memcapacitor emulator.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c} \hline
**Parameters** & **Sensitivity Analysis** \\ \hline \(R_{s}\) & \(-1\) \\ \hline \(R_{b}\) & \(1\) \\ \hline \(R_{a}\) & \(-1\) \\ \hline \(C_{s}\) & \(-1\) \\ \hline \(C_{x}\) & \(-2\) \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 5: Sensitivity analysis of memcapacitor emulator.  
performance than grounded or floating emulators that can only operate at lower frequency ranges. Moreover, it provides adaptability to various applications thanks to its electronically adjustable structure. This feature constitutes a significant advantage over studies that do not offer electronic control. All these features make the proposed emulator a powerful and applicable alternative for low and medium frequency analog memory applications.