## 3 Results
### Other Analyses  
The Pearson test was used for correlation analyses between measured variables (Periodest value, ISQ value, and bone atrophy) and other variables (age, implant diameter, implant length, implant angulation, and torque during insertion, depth of alveolar socket, drilling depth, and level of implant embedment in the bone). Among the groups studied, the only variables that correlated with PT values or ISQ were implant length, implant diameter and torque. These correlations are consistent with previously published data available in the literature [24]. The dynamics of the implant stability increase over time was analyzed for potential differences between smokers and non-smokers. No significant differences were found between groups in the aesthetic and posterior regions (\(p\) = 0.124 and \(p\) = 0.188, respectively). Figure 1: Implant stability in the aesthetic area of smokers and non-smokers, following immediate implantations in maxilla. Figure 2: Implant stability in the posterior area of smokers and non-smokers, following immediate implantations in maxilla. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**Smokers; \(n=24\)**} & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**Non-Smokers; \(n=37\)**} \\ \hline
**Time of measurement** & **Mean \(\pm\) SD** & **Median** & **Range** & **CI 95\%** & **Mean \(\pm\) SD** & **Median** & **Range** & **CI 95\%** & \(p\) Value** \\ \hline
**0** & 60.4 \(\pm\) 0.4 & 60.60 & 55.70-64.30 & 59.49-61.37 & 62.9 \(\pm\) 0.6 & 62.50 & 55.50-69.30 & 61.60-64.12 & **0.0047** \\ \hline
**6 months** & 64.0 \(\pm\) 0.5 & 63.55 & 60.40-70.10 & 63.00–65.05 & 67.2 \(\pm\) 0.6 & 66.70 & 60.20–75.60 & 65.88–68.58 & **0.0002** \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: Implant stability and bone atrophy in the posterior area of smokers and non-smokers, following immediate implantations in maxilla (SQ—mean Implant Stability Quotient; PT—pericest measurements). \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**Smokers; \(n=54\)**} & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**Non-Smokers; \(n=75\)**} \\ \hline
**Time of measurement** & **Mean \(\pm\) SD** & **Median** & **Range** & **CI 95\%** & **Mean \(\pm\) SD** & **Median** & **Range** & **CI 95\%** & \(p\) Value** \\ \hline
**0** & 58.5 \(\pm\) 5.05 & 58.00 & 52.00–71.00 & 57.48-59.55 & 60.0 \(\pm\) 5.1 & 59.00 & 51.00–73.00 & 58.99–60.79 & 0.06 \\ \hline
**6 months** & 65.52 \(\pm\) 5.05 & 65.00 & 58.00–78.00 & 64.14–66.90 & 67.61 \(\pm\) 5.11 & 67.00 & 58.00–81.00 & 66.44–68.79 & **0.02** \\ \hline \hline \multicolumn{10}{c}{**PT**} \\ \hline
**Time of measurement** & **Mean \(\pm\) SD** & **Median** & **Range** & **CI 95\%** & **Mean \(\pm\) SD** & **Median** & **Range** & **CI 95\%** & \(p\) Value** \\ \hline
**0** & 2.52 \(\pm\) 0.11 & 2.00 & 0.00–4.00 & 2.29–2.74 & 2.27 \(\pm\) 0.10 & 2.00 & 0.00–4.00 & 2.06–2.46 & 0.10 \\ \hline
**6 months** & 0.34 \(\pm\) 0.12 & 0.00 & \(-\)2.00–2.00 & 0.09–0.58 & 0.0 \(\pm\) 0.09 & 0.00 & \(-\)2.00–2.00 & \(-\)0.18–0.18 & **0.02** \\ \hline
**24 months** & \(-\)1.40 \(\pm\) 0.12 & \(-\)1.00 & \(-\)3.00–0.00 & \(-\)1.64 –(-1.16) & \(-\)1.44 \(\pm\) 0.09 & \(-\)1.00 & \(-\)3.00–0.00 & \(-\)1.62–(-1.25) & 0.82 \\ \hline \hline \multicolumn{10}{c}{**Some atrophy 18 months after loading [mm]**} \\ \hline
**Time of measurement** & **Mean \(\pm\) SD** & **Mean \(\pm\