## 4 Results and Discussion
### Software Analysis-Optimization and Cost Analysis
#### 4.5.3 Cost Analysis  
The system consisted of a 0.50 mm thick AISI 304 stainless steel \(\mathcal{O}\) 200 cap-vent duct, a \(\mathcal{O}\) 200 900 m\({}^{3}\)/h ventilation fan, a 1.5 mm thick AISI 304 stainless steel \(\mathcal{O}\) 500 chute duct, \(\mathcal{O}\) 500 intake doors, \(\mathcal{O}\) 500 support and clamps, a cleaning system with PLC control, door interlocks with PLC control, PLC control for the ventilation fan, and insulation. A GMT GLC brand PLC was selected to control the system. In the design, ladder diagrams were created using terms such as first floor, second floor, and third floor to enable automation with the PLC. The use of an automatic washing system controlled by the PLC ensured that the chute doors remained closed for safety while the washing system operated. Additionally, when one door was in use, the other doors remained closed for safety. The fan system was activated to operate without opening the doors to prevent airborne pathogens from affecting users on different floors. In the event of a fire, the entire system will close upon receiving a signal from the fire detection system. The average cost of this design including manufacturing and assembly was calculated to be 47,000 USD or installation in the UK. The cost analysis was carried out for a completely rebuilt refuse chute system in a new building. Table 4 provides a comprehensive financial analysis of the study for the benefit of the readers. However, if the existing refuse chute system is used in buildings (if the chimney section is correct), it should be kept in mind that only the necessary updates will be added to it. For buildings with existing refuse systems, the net cost analysis can be conducted by examining the existing refuse chute system from the values in the table and deducting the existing ones and determining the net amount. Depending on the static and other volume calculations, the costs can be reduced by adjusting the thickness and diameter. Since the widespread adoption of this system is expected to add value, efforts should be made to make the price more affordable for every household. In this study, all examples and results were made by considering a 3-storey building example. However, all of these can be applied to buildings with different numbers of floors, and it should be kept in mind that the results will carry the same risk, especially in terms of infection spread. In this study, users will be able to easily design the system of a building with many more or fewer floors in seconds by using the code written in MATLAB for the  
Figure 19: Flow velocity analysis. (a) Contour. (b) Streamline. novel refuse chute. Similarly, CDF analysis results can be easily obtained by adding or removing intake doors to the 3D model made in the Ansys software program. In their study, [PERSON] et al. [60] discussed the challenges associated with refuse chutes in Saudi Arabia and noted that a significant initial capital investment would be required. They also reported that, in terms of infrastructure, implementing solutions like pneumatic chutes in public or even private properties in a developed city would require re-grouping, planning, and approvals before the actual work could commence. Regarding technological resources, they highlighted the need to train local resources for application and maintenance as well as the high cost of investing in technology. They stated that if the community did not fulfill its responsibilities in operating these systems, any system could fail, and necessary training should be provided. The optimized refuse chute system in this paper addresses the concerns raised by [PERSON] et al. [60]. While implementing new refuse chute systems requires investment, evaluating the compatibility of existing systems with the new design and transforming them through necessary upgrades provides a cost advantage. This innovative and flexible aspect of the study emphasizes the paper's contribution to the field. [PERSON] et al.