# Meander Line Super-Wideband Radiator for Fifth-Generation (5G) Vehicles
## 1 Introduction  
The bandwidth requirements for a vehicular antenna depend on the intended use and the communication systems or signals it needs to support. Different vehicular applications require different bandwidths. AM (Amplitude Modulation) and FM (Frequency Modulation) radio antennas typically require a bandwidth of a few hundred kilohertz (kHz) to several megahertz (MHz). The exact bandwidth may vary depending on the specific frequency range and broadcast standards in the local region. On the other hand, cellular antennas used for mobile phone communication can require relatively wide bandwidths to support multiple frequency bands and technologies (e.g., 2G, 3G, 4G/LTE, and 5G). The bandwidth can range from a few hundred megahertz to several gigahertz depending on the frequency bands and standards used in the local area. A multiband antenna is a possible solution to cover various communication systems [1]. Multiband antennas are essential in various wireless communication applications due to the diverse frequency bands allocated for different services and technologies. The need for a multiband antenna arises from the coexistence and integration of various communication systems, with each operating over specific frequency ranges. These bands accommodate different wireless standards, such as GSM, 3G, 4G/LTE, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and satellite communication. By incorporating multiple resonant structures within a single antenna design, a multiband antenna can efficiently operate across several frequency bands, allowing devices to communicate seamlessly across different networks. This capability is crucial for modern wireless devices like smartphones, routers, and Internet of Things (IoT) devices and enables them to support a wide rangeof communication protocols without the need for separate antennas for each frequency band. The versatility of multiband antennas is paramount for achieving connectivity across the diverse frequency spectra utilized by contemporary wireless communication systems. However, it makes the design complex. Multiband antennas may not be the most suitable option for vehicular communication due to several practical considerations. The limited space available on vehicles poses a challenge for integrating antennas with the larger physical dimensions often associated with multiband designs. The inherent complexity of multiband antennas, aimed at covering a broad range of frequencies, can lead to increased manufacturing costs and challenges for maintenance. Vehicular communication systems often benefit from antennas with omni-directional radiation patterns to ensure consistent connectivity in various orientations: a characteristic that some multiband antennas may lack due to their directional properties. The potential for electromagnetic interference from nearby components in vehicular environments can impact the performance of multiband antennas. Cost considerations further play a role, as multiband antennas tend to be more expensive than their single-band counterparts. In cases for which specific frequency requirements, space constraints, and cost-effectiveness are critical factors, a simpler single-band antenna may be a more practical and efficient choice for vehicular communication. The fifth-generation (5G) implementation over 2G, 3G, and 4G networks brings potential benefits and challenges for vehicular communication [2]. Mobile communication needs 5G because it can support higher data rates, increased accessibility, and more connected devices, and can thus meet the needs of various applications, such as biomedical [3; 4; 5]. In biomedical applications, 5G technology plays a pivotal role by providing ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC) and high data throughput. These features enable real-time transmission of large medical datasets, support remote surgeries, and facilitate the development of advanced telemedicine solutions, enhancing the efficiency and responsiveness of healthcare systems.