## 1 Introduction  
Soft soil is characterized by high water content, a high liquid limit, and complex soil quality [1]. Its large pore ratio and compressibility, as well as its high salt content, result in low carrying capacity, weak structure, and easy settlement [2]. Coastal cities are economically developed areas in China. In the past 40 years, China's coastal areas have undergone significant modernization. Currently, more than 70% of China's large and medium-sized cities are located in coastal areas. The process of modernization has been confronted with challenges related to shortages of resources and land [3]. The soft land foundation in the coastal areas has seriously hindered the process of urban development [4]. During the treatment process, a large amount of construction materials and human and material resources are consumed. Additionally, subsequent environmental problems and construction project quality are also worrying. Existing soft soil reinforcement methods in China mainly involve driving into cement mixing piles [5]. Additionally, there has been a great deal of research internationally on the gravel replacement method, the electrokinetic treatment method, the deep vibration method, and so on. [PERSON] et al. [6] conducted a study using the gravel replacement method for road construction in a city in South Korea as an example, and found that it reduced construction costs by 29% and improved foundation stability. [PERSON] et al. [7] improved the characteristics of soft soil through electrokinetic treatment, which significantly increased undrained shear strength near the foundation model and raised both liquid and plastic limits. [PERSON] et al. [8] applied the deep vibration method to Lome Container Terminal in Togo. Cement mixing piles are a common method for strengthening saturated soft soil foundations. Compared with other construction methods, cement mixing piles have advantages such as simple equipment and convenient construction, leading to better economic and social benefits. However, due to the complexity of the geological formation environment, the unpredictable rheological characteristics of soft soil, the uncertainty in construction technology, and imperfections in the cement soil reinforcement mechanism, controlling the energy efficiency of cement mixing piles is difficult. This is especially true when used to solidify soft soil foundations along the coast where traditional cement soils face issues such as low early strength, slow construction progress, and high material costs [9]. In this context, using solid waste-based cementitious materials instead of cement as a new environmentally friendly soft soil stabilizer has emerged. Soft soil stabilizer is an engineering material used to strengthen soft soil foundations. These materials can quickly and significantly improve the physical and mechanical properties of soft soil. After being mixed with soil, soft-soil-solidifying materials can reduce the porosity of the soil and improve the compaction degree through a series of physical and chemical reactions, so that the soil becomes a dense cementitious material. According to the selection and mechanism of different materials, soil stabilizers can be divided into four categories: inorganic soil stabilizers, polymer soil stabilizers, biological enzyme soil stabilizers, and compound soil stabilizers, among which inorganic soil stabilizers are commonly used [10]. Traditional inorganic soil stabilizers are mainly cement, lime, fly ash, etc. As more importance is attached to environmental protection and resource conservation by our country, traditional raw materials such as cement and lime are in short supply with rising prices. Therefore, it has become a research hotspot to find bulk industrial solid waste to replace traditional raw materials for preparing a new type of environmentally friendly soil stabilizers. The use of cement to strengthen soft soil, both domestically and internationally, has a history of more than 60 years.