# Ontological Representation of Smart City Data: From Devices to Cities
## 4 Ontology Design Patterns Proposal for Smart City Ontologies
### City Object ODP  
As Table 5 shows, the _City Object_ is the most represented domain by smart city ontologies. The most common city objects represented by these ontologies are devices, for example sensors. The requirements that this pattern addresses were extracted from the GeoSPARQL standard, geo vocabulary, and the CityGML ([[https://www.citygml.org/about](https://www.citygml.org/about)]([https://www.citygml.org/about](https://www.citygml.org/about))) open standardized data model for digital 3D models of cities and landscapes. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{|l|} \hline
**Name** & Administrative Area \\ \hline \multicolumn{2}{|c|}{**Description**} \\ \hline This pattern provides a model to represent a place delimited by the jurisdiction purposes of a particular government. \\ \hline \multicolumn{2}{|c|}{**Requirements**} \\ \hline
**ADM-1:** & A city is a large human settlement. A city is distinguished from other human settlements by its relatively great size, but also by its functions and its special symbolic status, which may be conferred by a central authority. \\
**ADM-2:** & A city can contain neighborhoods or districts. \\
**ADM-3:** & A neighborhood is a geographically-localized community within a larger city, town, suburb, or rural area. \\
**ADM-4:** & A district is a type of administrative division that, in some countries, is managed by local government. Across the world, areas known as “districts” vary greatly in size, spanning regions or counties, several municipalities, subdivisions of municipalities, school districts, or political districts. \\
**ADM-5:** & A district can belong to a city. \\
**ADM-6:** & An administrative division, unit, entity, area, or region, also referred to as a sub-national entity, constituent unit, or country subdivision, is a portion of a country or other region delineated for the purpose of administration. \\
**ADM-7:** & A neighborhood, district, city, etc., can contain a road. \\
**ADM-8:** & A city can be defined by a geometry. \\
**ADM-9:** & A district can be defined by a geometry. \\
**ADM-10:** & A country can be defined by a geometry. \\
**ADM-11:** & An Administrative Area can be defined by a geometry. \\
**ADM-12:** & A spatial thing can be an administrative area, which can be cities, districts or countries. \\
**ADM-13:** & A city can include different administrative areas. \\
**ADM-14:** & A spatial thing can belong to one or more administrative areas or other delimited areas like neighborhoods. \\ \hline \multicolumn{2}{|c|}{**Graphical representation**} \\ \hline \multicolumn{2}{|c|}{**Use Case**} \\ \hline New York City is defined by a geometry. In order to manage its area, this city is organized into five districts, which are also defined by a geometry. Each district contains neighborhoods. Neighborhoods can contain roads, public infrastructures, and other city facilities. This area disposition is useful in order to organize their facilities. For example, each district is responsible for managing the complex and large road system that crosses it. In this context, several traffic restrictions have been adopted in order to control the traffic. By means of traffic cameras, each road collects traffic data, and these allow changing the patterns of traffic lights in real time. \\ \hline \multicolumn{2}{|c|}{**Note**} \\ \hline New York City is defined by a geometry. In order to manage its area, this city is organized into five districts, which are also defined by a geometry. Each district contains neighborhoods. Neighborhoods can contain roads, public infrastructures, and other city facilities. This area disposition is useful in order to organize their facilities. For example, each district is responsible for managing the complex and large road system that crosses it. In this context, several traffic restrictions have been adopted in order to control the traffic. By means of traffic cameras, each road collects traffic data, and these allow changing the patterns of traffic lights in real time.