# Capability Analysis of Earth Observation Data for Integrated Emergency Management
## 4 R2-D2 Case Study Results
### Synthesis  
Figure 11 illustrates the developed geospatial dashboard solution for monitoring IWS fire locations. The dashboard can be viewed online at [[https://r2d2.systems/](https://r2d2.systems/)]([https://r2d2.systems/](https://r2d2.systems/)) (accessed on 23 April 2025). The numbers in the figure correspond to the descriptions of the following features:  
1. Menu with dashboard views for the different risks: Snow and extreme cold, electricity transmission faults and IWS fires. Further potential work includes integrating a public reporting tool and social media integration using public channels from authorities, such as Northern PowerGrid reporting to customers on current incidents using the platform X (formerly Twitter). 2. List of different datasets for location-based analyses. Examples of layers include raw data acquired directly from the source and post-processed analysis results. 3. Satellite image view of the former Alex Smiles Limited recycling facility in Deptford Terrace, Sunderland. 4. View of the human vulnerability layer visualises resilience and vulnerability scores using datasets defined in Table 1.  
Figure 10: Nighttime imagery during Storm Arwen, following the storm, power cut and power restoration. While existing commercial dashboard solutions are available for various applications, discussions with the stakeholders of the three case studies reported in this paper highlighted funding as a significant barrier preventing the widespread use of such platforms. As a result, a custom prototype geospatial dashboard solution was developed primarily using open-source technologies, thereby minimising potential operating costs to the (primarily publicly funded) agency stakeholders involved. The user-facing front-end of the dashboard was built on the React framework, which allows for elements to be rendered in real time by the server and reused throughout the dashboard, providing a consistent interface across the entire system. Where appropriate, existing open-source components, such as Deck.GL, were utilised to visualise map data. However, custom components were developed as required. The React framework is widely used in modern web development, with almost 40% of web developers opting to integrate it into their development stack, as reported by users of a 2024 developer survey of over 48,000 people [79]. The dashboard is openly available at [[https://r2d2.systems](https://r2d2.systems)]([https://r2d2.systems](https://r2d2.systems)) (accessed on 23 April 2025) as a static technology prototype demonstration, showing several possible use cases of the dashboard with data incorporated from various sources. This was performed to showcase the dashboard's capabilities to the stakeholders of the three case studies analysed and highlight the key features that would benefit them should the dashboard be deployed as part of a wider roll-out for real-world use. However, from its conception, the dashboard was designed and developed to be easily scaled to a live-updating system for real-time use. All the systems behind the dashboard, both the front-end interface and the back-end processes for data handling, can be hosted on cloud services, taking full advantage of their capabilities. Focus was placed on a possible deployment via Amazon Web Services (AWS), although other comparable cloud providers could also host such a system. Due to the distributed nature of AWS, this infrastructure can be automatically scaled to meet the demand, ensuring high reliability and availability of the system even under high load or in disaster scenarios in which other infrastructure may be unavailable, such as power loss or physical damage to one or more data centres. If used appropriately, AWS can be  
Figure 11: Geospatial dashboard solution for managing IWS fires with the following features: (**1**) Menu with dashboard views for the different risks; (**2**) list of different datasets; (**3**) satellite image view and (**4**) human vulnerability layer.