## 2 Related Works  
Numerous prior investigations have been conducted about neonatal incubators. [PERSON] et al. in 2019 [6] aimed to create an automatic neonatal incubator with various modules such as phototherapy, fingerprint reader, and remote monitoring. The remote monitoring module supervises the baby's temperature, heart rate, and video surveillance. [PERSON] et al., in 2021 [7], applied a hybrid Fuzzy-PID system to control temperature and humidity in the incubator. Next, [PERSON] et al., 2022 [8] developed a respiratory monitoring and Apnea detection system for premature babies using the Internet of Things concept. This system utilizes the ESP32 microcontroller, sensors, edge computing devices (ECD), and the MQTT protocol. This system implements an Internet of Things architecture with the MQTT \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Reference** & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Hardware**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Network**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Data**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Software**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Method**} \\ \hline
[6] & Microcontroller & ATMega 328 & Protocol & HTTP & MySQL & Mobile & - \\ \hline  & Microcomputer & - & Network & GSM & & & \\ \hline  & & Phototherapy, & & & & & \\  & Sensor & Temperature, & & & & & \\  & & humidity, & & & & & \\  & & Fingerprint, & & Heart Rate, & & & & \\  & & Camera & & & & & \\ \hline  & Microcontroller & ATMega16 & Protocol & - & - & & \\ \cline{2-6}
[7] & Microcomputer & - & Network & - & & LCD, & \\ \cline{2-6}  & Sensor & Temperature, & & & & Desktop & Fuzzy-PID \\ \hline  & Microcontroller & ESP32 & Protocol & MQTT & Filter, & & \\  & Microcomputer & Raspberry Pi & Network & WiFi & & Peak & LCD, & - \\  & Sensor & Respiration & Broker IoT & Mosquito & & & \\ \hline  & Microcontroller & ESP32 & Protocol & MQTT & & & \\ \cline{2-6}
[9] & Microcomputer & - & Network & WiFi & & & \\ \cline{2-6}  & Sensor & Temperature, & & & & & \\  & Sensor & humidity, & & & & & \\  & Sound & & & & & \\ \hline  & Microcontroller & ATMega 2560 & Protocol & MQTT, & & & \\ \cline{2-6} Proposed & Microcomputer & Raspberry Pi & Network & WiFi & Filter, MySQL & Web, & \\ \cline{2-6} work & Sensor & Temperature, & & & & & \\  & humidity, & & Broker IoT & Mosquito & & & \\  & Energy & & & & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Summary of the works related to neonatal incubator systems. protocol to connect the wireless embedded system (WES) or sensors to the edge computing device (ECD). [PERSON] et al., 2023 [9] worked on developing an incubator system for temperature and humidity monitoring through a web application. This system uses a WiFi network and the MQTT communication protocol to send data to a broker service integrated with Node-RED. In Table 1, there is a summary of research related to neonatal incubator systems. This table summarizes research findings based on various aspects, including hardware, network, data management, software, analysis methods, and control systems. The last row of this table highlights the contributions of these research findings. In Table 1, the hardware section features the adoption of the ATMega2560 microcontroller, chosen for its larger processing capacity. On the network side, the implementation of MQTT and HTTP protocols stands out compared to previous research that exclusively used MQTT. MQTT connects sensor devices within the neonatal incubator to the IoT broker, while HTTP establishes connections between web and mobile applications and the database. Notably, in the IoT broker section, Mosquito is utilized, being directly installed on the Raspberry Pi, a departure from previous research that relied on third-party broker providers. Moving to the software section designed for monitoring the incubator's condition through web and mobile devices, it follows a web-based approach, contrasting with prior research that predominantly focused on desktop applications and a 16 \(\times\) 2 LCD module.