## 3 Results and Discussion  
### 3.1 Preformulation Studies  
#### 3.1.1 Qualitative Phytochemical Screening  
The results of the qualitative chemical analysis of the hydroalcoholic extractive solutions are presented in the Table 3.  
All extractive solutions contain reducing compounds (which is explained by the presence of polyphenic compounds) and carbohydrates. Although tannins were enclosed in all vegetable products, only in _Medicaginis herba_ was the presence of mixed tannins detected, the separation being carried out based on the catechin tannin's ability to condense in the presence of concentrated mineral acids.  
To identify the flavones in _Myrtilli fructus_, _Trifolium pratense flores_, and _Cynosbati fructus_ products, the separation of anthocyanins, which interfere with the reaction, was necessary. The separation was performed after the extractive solution's hydrolysis and was based on the difference in the solubility of agilcans, namely: flavonic aglycones are solubilized in ether, while anthocyanin aglycones are solubilized in an acidic aqueous solution. The flavonic aglycones identified after the hydrolysis were:  
* flavones in the hydroalcoholic solutions of Medicaginis herba, Trifolii pratense flores, Ginkgo bilobae folium, and Cynosbati fructus; and
* flavonols in the hydroalcoholic solution of _Myrtilli fructus_.  
Anthocyanins were identified only in the hydroalcoholic solution obtained from _Myrtilli fructus_, and proanthocyanins, compounds that in an acidic environment are transformed  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**Sample** & **Dry Residue g\%** & **SOD-Like Activity U/mL** \\ \hline _Medicaginis herba_ & 3.3 & 1000 \\ _Trifolii pratense flores_ & 11 & 500 \\ _Ginggo blobae folium_ & 3.11 & 700 \\ _Myrtilli fructus_ & 13.5 & 100 \\ _Cynosbati fructus_ & 3.5 & 130 \\ _Ribes nigri fructus_ & 17.5 & 1000 \\ _Rubi iadei fructus_ & 2.2 & 1000 \\ _Rubi fruticosi fructus_ & 2.44 & 120 \\ _Fragariae moschatae fructus_ & 3.3 & 1000 \\ \hline CILTAG & 4.7 & 100 \\ \hline
**Reagents** & **Sample** & **Standard** \\ \hline Phosphate buffer 0.05 M pH & 2.6 mL & 2.7 mL \\
7.8 & 0.05 mL & 0.05 mL \\ TMED 0.78 M & 0.05 mL & 0.05 mL \\ AM 2 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-4}\) M & 0.05 mL & 0.05 mL \\ NBT 3 \(\times\) 10\({}^{-3}\) M & 0.2 mL & 0.2 mL \\ Plant extract & 0.1 mL & - \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 2: The quantities of ingredients and reagents.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Extractive Solution**} & \multicolumn{6}{c}{**Identified Active Groups of Plant Compounds**} \\ \cline{2-9}  & **Reducing Compounds** & **Carbohydrates** & **Tannins** & **Flavones** & **Anthocyanins** & **Proantocyanins** & **ODPs** \\ \hline _Medicaginis herba_ & ++ & ++ & ++ & \(-\) & \(-\) & \(+\) \\ _Trifolii pratense flores_ & ++ & ++ & ++ & \(-\) & \(+\) & \(+\) \\ _Ginkgo bilobae folium_ & ++ & + & ++ & \(-\) & \(-\) & \(+\) \\ _Myrtilli fructus_ & ++ & ++ & ++ & \(++\) & \(++\) & \(+\) \\ _Cynosbati fructus_ & ++ & ++ & ++ & \(++\) & \(-\) & \(+\) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} \({}^{a}\)-\({}^{a}\) = negative reaction; \({}^{a}\)+\({}^{a}\) = positive reaction; \({}^{a}\)+\({}^{a}\) = weak positive reaction; \({}^{a}\)+\({}^{a}\) = intensely positive reaction.  
\end{table}
Table 3: Qualitative chemical analysis of hydroalcoholic extractive solutions.  
into colored anthocyanins, were identified in the solutions obtained from _Trifolii pratense flores_, _Myrtili fructus_, and _Cynosbati fructus_. Although the flowers of _Medicago sativa_ are purple in color, the reactions for anthocyanins were negative due to the existence of these active principles only in flowers. For this reason, they can be found in very small quantities in the _hera_ product (below the sensitivity limit of the used identification reactions).  
In all hydroalcoholic extractive solutions, ODPs, compounds with antioxidant activity, were identified. The intensity of the reaction depends on the nature of the raw materials used to obtain the extract [43].