# Design and Performance Evaluation of a Cherry Tomato Calyx Remover
## 3 Results and Discussion
### Analysis of the Effect of Control Factors on the Removal of Cherry Tomato Calyx  
The effect of each control factor, not considering the interaction on the cherry tomato calyx removal and damage rate, was ranked based on the delta statistic by comparing the state size of the effect according to the response table of the S/N ratio for the control factor. The delta statistic is the difference between the largest and the smallest mean values of each factor. For example, in circular-shaped cherry tomatoes, the S/N ratio of the calyx removal rate was the most influential factor with brush diameter, followed by brush length, conveyor transport speed, and brush clearance (Table 5). Additionally, when the circular-shaped cherry tomato calyx was removed, the conveyor transport speed of 280 mm/s, brush length of 70 mm, brush clearance of 22 mm, and brush diameter of 1.0 mm were the controllable design conditions. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Test No.**} & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**Circular-Shaped Cherry Tomato**} & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**Jujube-Shaped Cherry Tomato**} \\ \cline{2-10}  & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Eliminate**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Damage**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Eliminate**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Damage**} \\ \cline{2-10}  & **AVE/SD** & **SN Ratio** & **AVE/SD** & **SN Ratio** & **AVE/SD** & **SN Ratio** & **AVE/SD** & **SN Ratio** \\  & **(\%)** & **(\%)** & **(\%)** & **(\%)** & **(\%)** & **(\%)** & **(\%)** & **(\%)** & **(\%)** \\ \hline R1 & 15.52 \(\pm\) 8.65 & 22.61 & 15.52 \(\pm\) 2.97 & \(-\)24.19 & 61.66 \(\pm\) 2.35 & 35.71 & 38.33 \(\pm\) 15.45 & \(-\)31.67 \\ R2 & 30.28 \(\pm\) 16.92 & 28.96 & 29.8 \(\pm\) 3.94 & \(-\)29.72 & 62.19 \(\pm\) 3.51 & 35.67 & 53 \(\pm\) 12.66 & \(-\)34.56 \\ R3 & 2.77 \(\pm\) 2.07 & 8.34 & 2.85 \(\pm\) 2.10 & \(-\)92.23 & 15.62 \(\pm\) 4.57 & 23.69 & 1.85 \(\pm\) 2.61 & \(-\)8.36 \\ R4 & 27.94 \(\pm\) 3.86 & 27.04 & 49.61 \(\pm\) 7.89 & \(-\)33.94 & 86.87 \(\pm\) 7.74 & 38.71 & 96.16 \(\pm\) 0.57 & \(-\)39.66 \\ R5 & 9.72 \(\pm\) 8.56 & 17.26 & 2.77 \(\pm\) 3.92 & \(-\)11.88 & 19.33 \(\pm\) 15.48 & 22.14 & 9.89 \(\pm\) 13.98 & \(-\)19.91 \\ R6 & 31.25 \(\pm\) 6.75 & 29.83 & 75.69 \(\pm\) 4.28 & \(-\)37.62 & 100 \(\pm\) 0 & 40.00 & 82.89 \(\pm\) 9.84 & \(-\)38.37 \\ R7 & 32.62 \(\pm\) 8.87 & 30.26 & 81.07 \(\pm\) 5.47 & \(-\)38.40 & 53.33 \(\pm\) 4.71 & 33.71 & 75 \(\pm\) 25.49 & \(-\)37.60 \\ R8 & 4.94 \(\pm\) 4.55 & 13.86 & 0 \(\pm\) 0 & * & 89.26 \(\pm\) 4.95 & 39.01 & 20.76 \(\pm\) 2.97 & \(-\)26.34 \\ R9 & 7.3 \(\pm\) 5.22 & 10.38 & 56.11 \(\pm\) 13.63 & \(-\)35.52 & 69.21 \(\pm\) 0.70 & 36.62 & 75.91 \(\pm\) 8.33 & \(-\)37.69 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
*: no analyzed values.  
\end{table} 
Table 4: Mean ratio (eliminate and damage) and S/N ratios (eliminate and damage) to remove calyx using the Taguchi method. The contribution rate calculated from the sum of squares (SS) of each design factor corresponded with the influence priority ranked using the delta statistic. For example, the contribution rate of brush diameter and priority was highest at 56.85%; the contribution rate of brush length was 27.75%, the contribution rate of the transport velocity was 11.34%, and the contribution rate of brush clearance was 4.04% (Table 5). Thus, the contribution rate of each design factor can be prioritized when design factors affecting the cherry tomato removal rate and damage rate overlaps. When removing the calyx of cherry tomatoes, the damage rate increases in proportion to the removal rate; therefore, it is necessary to find an appropriate optimal performance interval by comparing the removal and damage rates. When removing the circular-shaped cherry tomato calyx, the S/N ratio of the damage rate was the most influential factor of the conveyor transport speed, and the brush diameter, clearance, and brush length in that order. Additionally, it is optimal to reduce the damage rate when the conveyor feed speed is 210 mm/s, brush length is 80 mm, and brush clearance is 24 mm.