## 3 Research Methodology
The following steps comprise the ISM and MICMAC methodology: (a) generating an SSIM; (b) generating the initial and final reachability matrixes; (c) generating the level partition and lower triangular matrixes; (d) generating a digraph and converting it into an ISM model; (e) estimating the driving power and driven power for MICMAC analysis; (f) grouping the driving power and driven power for MICMAC analysis; and (g) assessing four clusters for further interpretation. Further, the structural self-interaction matrix (SSIM) can be formulated using various rules: The contractual relationship is taken into consideration when preparing the SSIM. Let LBs be \(p\) and \(q\). To represent the relationship between two LBs, 'V', 'A', 'X', and 'O' may be used to represent their contextual relationship. 'V' may be used if lean barrier \(p\) drives or influences barrier \(q\); 'A' may be used if lean barrier \(p\) is obtained through barrier \(q\); 'X' may be used if lean barrier \(p\) and \(q\) help each other; and 'O' may be used if lean barrier \(p\) and \(y\) do not possess any relation. A contextual link among LBs generates SSIM when the ISM methodological procedures are followed. The expert group identified lean hurdles with a contextual relationship with the SSIM. By transforming SSIM with a binary matrix of 1 and 0, the initial reachability matrix (IRM) is obtained. The following rules can be used to substitute 'V', 'A', 'X', and 'O' with other symbols. * If the SSIM (\(p\), \(q\)) entry is 'V', the reachability matrix (\(p\)\(q\)) entry becomes 1 and the (\(q\), \(p\)) entry becomes 0. * If the SSIM (\(p\), \(q\)) entry is 'A', the reachability matrix (\(p\), \(q\)) entry becomes 0 and the (\(q\), \(p\)) entry becomes 1. * If the SSIM (\(p\), \(q\)) entry is 'X', the reachability matrix (\(p\), \(q\)) entry becomes 1, and the (\(q\), \(p\)) entry similarly becomes 1. * If the SSIM (\(p\), \(q\)) entry is 'O', the reachability matrix (\(p\), \(q\)) entry becomes 0, and the (\(q\), \(p\)) entry similarly becomes 0. Using SSIM, a reachability matrix can be derived, considering the transitivity among each lean barrier. Thus, the SSIM matrix is transformed into a reachability matrix by replacing the contextual relationship with binary numbers '0' and '1'. Transitivity among LBs may be explained as the influence of one barrier (\(p\)) on another barrier (\(q\)), and the influence of a lean barrier (\(q\)) on another lean barrier (\(r\)) may be explored using the rule if \(p>q\) and \(q>r\) then \(p>r\) wherein '>' provides influence or preference. The FRM can be used to calculate the reachability and antecedent elements for each lean barrier. It consists of the lean barrier itself, as well as a supplementary lean barrier. The antecedent elements have their elements, as well as another lean barrier that influences them. The various lean barriers of the iterative process are obtained using intersections. When an intersection meets such criteria, then the highest level is assigned to the lean barrier, and the lean barrier is removed from the further process. This method results in a classification that ranges from the highest to the lowest level. The structural model can be built using the final reachability matrix. Following that, a digraph can be created by removing transitivity, as previously discussed. The LTM can be employed to obtain the digraph that will represent the relationship model. The resulting digraph yields a directed graph that aids in understanding the function of each lean barrier. The digraph is used to create an ISM model of the lean barrier. Each lean barrier is graphically represented in the MICMAC analysis. It provides a good opportunity to research and assess the relative impact of each lean implementation hurdle. The MICMAC analysis aids in the classification of lean implementation barriers into four categories. The driving and dependency force of the lean implementation barriers also has an impact on the categories.