## 3 Results
### Analysis of Relative Gene Expression in Co-Culture
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & & \multicolumn{6}{c}{**Femmentation Time**} \\ \cline{3-13}  & & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**6 h**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**9 h**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**12 h**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**15 h**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**24 h**} \\ \hline Metabolic pathway & _Genea_  & RERb  & \(P^{\mathrm{c}}\) & RERb  & \(P^{\mathrm{c}}\) \\ \hline  & _galk_ & \(-\)1.339 & 0.217 & 1.004 & 0.978 & 1.437 & 0.396 & \(-\)1.563 & 0.309 & \(\mathbf{-2.0457}\) & 0.000 \\  & _gpaC_ & **7.754** & 0.000 & \(-\)1.339 & 0.441 & **4.294** & 0.000 & \(\mathbf{1.498}\) & 0.048 & \(\mathbf{-1.905}\) & 0.007 \\  & _galE_ & -1.552 & 0.248 & 1.078 & 0.897 & 1.144 & 0.527 & \(-\)3.195 & 0.234 & \(-\)1.267 & 0.596 \\ Carbohydrate catabolism & _lacT_ & **1.924** & 0.000 & 1.012 & 0.975 & **2.050** & 0.041 & \(-\)1.323 & 0.535 & 1.123 & 0.677 \\ (G1) & _galR_ & **2.383** & 0.001 & \(-\)1.151 & 0.678 & **2.733** & 0.002 & 1.244 & 0.625 & \(-\)1.316 & 0.197 \\  & _lacD_ & 1.371 & 0.108 & \(-\)1.163 & 0.758 & **2.358** & 0.007 & 1.101 & 0.797 & 1.115 & 0.546 \\  & _acku_ & 1.821 & 0.089 & \(-\)1.053 & 0.899 & **2.390** & 0.015 & \(-\)1.043 & 0.896 & \(\mathbf{1.813}\) & 0.012 \\  & _pyK_ & **1.582** & 0.000 & **3.691** & 0.032 & **2.014** & 0.046 & 1.326 & 0.524 & \(-\)1.096 & 0.659 \\ \hline  & _wzd_ & \(-\)**2.924** & 0.015 & \(-\)2.667 & 0.072 & \(-\)**2.370** & 0.036 & \(-\)2.358 & 0.100 & \(\mathbf{-2.016}\) & 0.000 \\  & _wzm_ & **1.972** & 0.013 & 1.188 & 0.568 & 1.507 & 0.268 & \(-\)1.406 & 0.448 & \(\mathbf{-2.070}\) & 0.050 \\  & _rmlA_ & **2.944** & 0.000 & \(-\)1.302 & 0.176 & **2.158** & 0.002 & 1.200 & 0.605 & 1.059 & 0.748 \\ EPS operon (G2) & _rmlD_ & **1.579** & 0.009 & 1.133 & 0.736 & 1.875 & 0.077 & 1.091 & 0.780 & \(-\)2.315 & 0.09 \\  & _wzr_ & \(-\)1.010 & 0.764 & \(-\)1.088 & 0.807 & \(-\)1.739 & 0.757 & \(-\)2.252 & 0.115 & 1.130 & 0.582 \\  & _wzb_ & **3.805** & 0.000 & \(-\)1.122 & 0.82 & **4.426** & 0.027 & 1.032 & 0.955 & 1.753 & 0.074 \\  & _wwzE_ & **7.056** & 0.000 & 1.645 & 0.31 & **4.341** & 0.001 & 2.960 & 0.069 & \(\mathbf{2.327}\) & 0.011 \\  & _mrp_ & \(-\)1.264 & 0.261 & \(-\)1.769 & 0.289 & 1.652 & 0.186 & 1.128 & 0.827 & 1.355 & 0.405 \\ \hline  & & _cpaK_ & **2.877** & 0.000 & \(-\)1.120 & 0.812 & 1.848 & 0.152 & \(-\)1.508 & 0.477 & \(-\)1.316 & 0.549 \\  & _R0011\_04490_ & 3.002 & 0.530 & 1.345 & 0.530 & 3.029 & 0.008 & \(-\)2.336 & 0.145 & 1.138 & 0.719 \\  & _metC_ & 1.275 & 0.278 & 1.539 & 0.251 & **1.948** & 0.038 & \(\mathbf{-3.984}\) & 0.005 & \(\mathbf{-1.761}\) & 0.000 \\ Amino acid biosynthesis & _metA_ & 1.115 & 0.593 & 1.742 & 0.196 & 1.504 & 0.061 & \(\mathbf{-2.786}\) & 0.06 & \(\mathbf{-2.304}\) & 0.000 \\ and lipid metabolism (G3) & _ami_ & 1.629 & 0.051 & **1.506** & 0.005 & 4.288 & 0.191 & \(-\)1.873 & 0.191 & 1.105 & 0.833 \\  & _R0011\_RS11250_ & 1.479 & 0.177 & 1.556 & 0.143 & **3.485** & 0.020 & \(-\)2.545 & 0.093 & \(\mathbf{-4.348}\) & 0.009 \\  & _cfa_ & \(-\)1.120 & 0.770 & \(-\)1.027 & 0.967 & \(-\)1.724 & 0.066 & \(\mathbf{-4.098}\) & 0.009 & \(-\)1.721 & 0.113 \\  & _fabG  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & & \multicolumn{10}{c}{**Fermentation time**} \\ \cline{3-13}  & & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**6 h**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**9 h**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**12 h**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**15 h**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**24 h**} \\ \hline Metabolic pathway & _Gene_ \({}^{a}\) & RER b  & \(p\) \({}^{c}\) & RER b  & \(p\) \({}^{c}\) & RER b  & \(p\) \({}^{c}\) & RER b  & \(p\) \({}^{c}\) & RER b  & \(p\) \({}^{c}\) & RER b  & \(p\) \({}^{c}\) \\ \hline \multirow{5}{*}{Carbohydrate catabolism} & _gulk_ & 1.037 & 0.846 & 1.233 & 0.547 & -1.456 & 0.884 & **-2.083** & 0.036 & **-2.564** & 0.004 \\  & _gul  
and _pyK_). The largest change in gene expression was found for the _bgaC_ gene (RER = 7.754, \(P\) \(<\) 0.001) after 6 h of co-culture. For _L.