# High-Quality Data from Crowdsourcing towards the Creation of a Mexican Anti-Immigrant Speech Corpus
## 3 Methodology
### Stage II: Expert Data and Criteria
#### 3.2.1 Defining Specific Criteria for Mexican Anti-Immigrant Speech
It proved to be a necessary step, as we found new characteristics of Mexican online anti-immigrant speech previously not considered in the guideline. For example, we found many tweets that could have been categorized as \"conspirational\", structured around the idea that the migrant caravans were organized by individuals to politically, economically, or socially destabilize Mexico and the United States (see examples below). We agreed upon five criteria, corresponding to five categories that accurately but concisely describe the heterogeneity of anti-immigrant speech observed in the Mexican Twittersphere. It is not uncommon for a tweet to fall under several criteria. The five elected criteria are given below, each with a tweet from our dataset to illustrate it. 1. Anti-immigrant speech attacks, despises, or threatens migrant individuals. As illustrated by the tweet below, this type of speech often uses anti-immigrant and racist slurs: _\"Deja de ladrar honduchango\"_. Translation: \"Stop barking Honduran monkey\". 2. Anti-immigrant speech revolves around a negative otherness based on assumed differences, which, in turn, provokes suspicion and justifies excluding or diminishing liberties and rights. In the next tweet, the difference between natives and foreigners justifies not helping migrants: _\"Ok, ojo no tengo nada en contra de los migrantes, pero y los mexicanos? Ella deberia de estar primero revisando de que los mexicanos tengan empleo, esa debe de ser su prioridad! !\"_ Translation: \"Ok, look, I'm not against migrants, but what about Mexicans? She should first think about Mexicans being employed. That should be her priority!\". 3. Anti-immigrant speech uses negative stereotypes to qualify migrants. In our dataset, the \"qualities\" attributed most often to migrants were \"illegals\", \"lazy\", \"demanding\", \"poor\", \"dirty\", \"irresponsible\", and \"criminals\", as illustrated in the tweet below: _\"La redacion conpleta es: refugio para migrantes mas salva truchas y todos los delicuentes que usyen de otros paises. unos genios!\"_ Translation: \"The entire story is to give refuge to Mara Salvatrucha migrants and all criminals fleeing from other countries. Such geniuses!\". 4. Anti-immigrant speech often presents migrants as invaders. This idea is built on the representation of a geographical space being violently disrupted: _\"su ayuda solo favorce y promovee que nuevas caravanas sigan llegando trastorando enormente la vida cotidiana de las ciudades fronterizas de Mexico\"_ Translation: \"Your help only encourages and fosters new caravans to arrive while causing havoc in the daily life of Mexican border towns\". 5. Anti-immigrant speech also portrays migrants as tangible or symbolic threats to larger issues such as the economy, security, identity, or even sovereignty: _\"#Caravana Migrantes \"el derecho al respeto ajeno es la paz\" respenten nuestra soberania. #Mexicopardas Mexicanos\"_. Translation: \"#Migrantscaravan \"Peace is the right to foreign respect\" respect our sovereignty #MexicoforMexicans\".