# A Comprehensive Review of Mechanisms, Predictive Techniques, and Control Strategies of Rockburst
###### Abstract  
Brittle failure, also known as rockburst, is a violent phenomenon that occurs during the excavation of hard rock in areas with high geostress, particularly at great depths. The induced hazards have been a global concern since the first half of the 20 th century, leading to extensive efforts to understand the mechanisms and develop effective approaches to predict and control such rock mass failures. To understand the current state of research and future prospects of rockburst, a comprehensive review of past developments has been conducted. Firstly, we briefly summarize different definitions and types of rockburst. Next, we delve into the various technologies and methods employed in rockburst research and analyze the current knowledge on the mechanisms, classifications, and prediction of rockbursts. Then, we examine the existing methods for preventing and controlling these events. Despite the advancements made, the relationship between the behavior of rock masses at different scales, both in the laboratory and real-world conditions, remains an area of challenge. Additionally, the absence of rock mass classifications under high in-situ stress and lack of accuracy in rockburst prediction methods remain persistent issues that need to be addressed. This study delves into cutting-edge rockburst research, illuminating potential ground support strategies and empowering the mining industry in order to unleash innovative solutions for controlling these explosive phenomena. rockburst; brittle failure; high geostress; mechanism; prediction and control +
Footnote †: journal: Medical  
Accurate prediction of rockbursts is difficult due to the complexities of the phenomenon. Researchers have used various theories, including strength, stiffness, energy, fractal, fracture damage, and catastrophe theories, as well as numerical analysis, to study the mechanisms and prediction of rockbursts [12; 13]. The stress-strength parameters for rockbursts were established in practical rock engineering by [PERSON] [14] and [PERSON] [15]. Assessing rockburst potential is an important component of rockburst mechanism research and involves the study of mechanical characteristics of rock under specific conditions [16]. Due to the complexity of rockburst assessment systems, there is no universally accepted method for predicting rockburst timing, despite the use of various methods. Currently, the best that can be done is to identify areas of high rockburst potential using empirical criteria, numerical models, or personal observations. The rockburst phenomenon is caused by various mechanisms. The primary sources are often associated with the local underground geometry, such as pillars and cavities, and the underlying geology [17; 18]. Rockbursts are typically characterized as strain bursts, pillar bursts, or fault-slip bursts and can occur in large mining operations [19]. In civil works, the most common form is strain bursting, but buckling and face crushing can also occur. For less stressed and deformed rock formations created by blasting, caving, and adjacent tunneling, impact-induced rockburst should also be taken into consideration [20]. Rockburst failure is a dynamic and complicated phenomenon distinguished from other types of rock failure by its quick release of stored elastic energy, enormous spatial scale, various failure mechanisms, and unpredictability. Rockburst, in contrast to other types of rock failure, involves the fast ejection of rock fragments, which can result in significant injuries or fatalities. Rockburst is a concentrated failure mechanism because the enormous loads that induce it are usually localized in specific parts of the rock mass. The failure process is determined by the geological and structural features of the rock mass, the mining processes and equipment utilized, and the magnitude and direction of the applied loads. As a result, rockbursts are difficult to predict and pose a substantial risk to underground mining employees and equipment, necessitating careful monitoring and management.