# Towards a Cyber-Physical Range for the Integrated Navigation System (INS) System (INS)
## 3 The Composition of the INS
### INS Components
#### 3.1.16. NAVigational TEleX (NAVTEX)  
The NAVigational TEleX (NAVTEX) is a communication device for vessels. It receives and automatically prints or displays the announcement of Maritime Safety Information (MSI) which are navigational and meteorological warnings, meteorological forecasts, and other urgent safety-related messages in coastal waters. It may be used by vessels of all types and sizes. The NAVTEX services are divided into two types, namely International NAVTEX and National NAVTEX. The message language for the International NAVTEX should be English, but for National NAVTEX, it should be determined by the national administration. The received messages are stored in the memory of NAVTEX for 72 h. In this way, the subsequent messages are not re-printed or re-displayed wihin this interval. The messages are classified into three priority levels, namely Vital, Important, and Routine. The priority level dictates the timing of the first broadcast of a new warning message. The Vital priority level is used for substantial cases, such as piracy activities, ship distress messages, or warnings for tsunamis. The Important priority level is used for urgent information. The Routine priority level is used for almost all types of information messages [74]. 3.1.17. Radio Detection And Ranging (RADAR)  
The RADAR onboard ships is used against collision risk, and to support safe navigation. It detects shorelines and the position of obstacles, including surface vehicles and objects. A RADAR also detects the small crafts through RADAR reflectors which are used for vessels of less than 150 gross tonnage [71]. The position data of the own ship is provided by an EPFS (e.g., GPS) to the RADAR. the RADAR should be fully operational within four minutes from cold, and within five seconds from the stand-by status. RADAR systems are classified into two types, namely X-Band (9.2-9.5 GHz) and S-Band (2.9-3.1 GHz). X-Band radar provides high discrimination, good sensitivity, and tracking performance. On the other hand, S-Band radar offers higher target detection and tracking performance in adverse weather conditions (e.g., fog, rain, and sea clutter) [46]. Three performance standards are available for RADARs. If the RADAR was installed before 1 January 1999, the equipment standards must comply with Resolution A.477(XII). If the RADAR was installed on or after 1 January 1999 and before 1 July 2008, the equipment standards must comply with Resolution A.477(XII) amended by MSC.64(67) in 1996 as Annex 4. If the RADAR was installed on or after 1 July 2008, the equipment standards must comply with Resolution MSC.192(79). The ARPA-RADAR provides continuous information about plotted targets [75]. The ARPA function is used to enhance the safe navigation capability of the vessel by reducing the workload of the bridge. As per the SOLAS requirements, the Automatic Radar Plotting Aid (ARPA) function may be mandatory for certain vessels [71]. 3.1.18. Rate of Turn Indicator (ROTI)  
The Rate of Turn Indicator (ROTI) determines and indicates the rate of turn, to starboard or to port, of the vessel in one minute, through an analog or alphanumeric display. It may be self-contained, or part of appropriate equipment onboard. It should be ready for operation within four minutes after switching on [76]. The ROTI is compulsory equipment for all vessels of 50,000 gross tonnage and upwards [71]. 3.1.19. Rudder Pump Selector Switch  
In hydraulic or electro-hydraulic steering systems, hydraulic pumps are used to move the ship's rudder. The vessels are generally equipped with two hydraulic pumps as primary and secondary (emergency). The rudder pump selector switch provides the transition among the pumps. 3.1.20. Speed and Distance Measuring Device (SDMD)  
This device is used to determine and indicate the velocity and distance-run of a vessel. It offers information on the forward speed over the ground, forward speed through the water, and distance-run. The device may also provide information regarding the ship's motions.