# Impact of Intersection Left Turn Guide Lines Configuration on Novice Drivers' Behavior
## 3 Results
### Impact Analysis Based on Trajectory Characteristics
#### 3.1.3 Large Intersection  
In the analysis of large intersections, three scenarios were considered: a single left-turn lane (Scenario 4), dual left-turn lanes (Scenario 5), and triple left-turn lanes (Scenario 6). Each scenario was further divided into three sub-scenarios based on guide line settings: no guide line (A), one guide line (B), and full guide lines (C). The trajectory features of vehicles in each sub-scenario were compared, as shown in Figure 8, where the \(X\)-axis represents the standardized lateral distance of the vehicle during a left turn, and the \(Y\)-axis represents the standardized longitudinal distance of the vehicle during a left turn.  
In Scenario 4 (single left-turn lanes, Figure 8a), the lateral fluctuation range of vehicle trajectories gradually increases towards the exit, being smallest in Scenario 4-C. Maximum lateral fluctuation ranges in the three sub-scenarios are 0.082, 0.080, and 0.056, respectively. Compared to Scenario 2, lateral fluctuation ranges notably reduce in Scenario 4, especially with full guide lines, signifying a significant impact on novice drivers' left-turn behavior.  
In Scenario 5 (dual left-turn lanes, Figure 8b), as vehicles enter the intersection, lateral fluctuation range significantly increases. In the absence of guide lines, it is the largest, followed by one guide line. It is the smallest in the full guide line scenario. Maximum lateral fluctuation ranges are 0.152, 0.135, and 0.075, respectively. This indicates a significant impact of guide line settings on novice drivers in Scenario 5, becoming more pronounced with more guide lines. Compared to Scenario 3, lateral fluctuation ranges slightly reduce in Scenario 5, especially with full guide lines, suggesting a more pronounced impact on novice drivers' left-turn behavior.  
In Scenario 6 (triple left-turn lanes, Figure 8c), as vehicles enter the intersection, lateral fluctuation range increases significantly. In the absence of guide lines, it increases more noticeably than in scenarios with one guide line and full guide lines, especially at the intersection exit. Maximum lateral fluctuation ranges are 0.174, 0.098, and 0.083, respectively. This indicates a significant impact of guide line settings on novice drivers in Scenario 6, increasing with more guide lines, though with a relatively small magnitude.  
Comparing lateral fluctuation ranges of vehicle trajectories in scenarios with different left-turn lane numbers in large intersections yields the following observations: in Scenario 4, lateral fluctuation ranges remain relatively stable across the three guide line settings, with a slight guiding advantage in the full guide lines. In Scenario 5, the absence of guide lines leads to a significant increase in the lateral fluctuation range compared to scenarios with one guide line, and scenarios with one guide line exhibit a notably larger range than those with full guide lines. This emphasizes the significant impact of guide line settings on novice drivers in Scenario 5, particularly with full guide lines. In Scenario 6, guide line  
Figure 8: Trajectory fluctuations of left-turn vehicles in scenarios: (**a**) Scenario 4; (**b**) Scenario 5; (**c**) Scenario 6.  
settings significantly impact novice drivers, and the impact increases with the number of guide lines, albeit with a relatively small magnitude.