## 1 Introduction  
Cavitation is caused by local pressure reduction, increased flow rate, increased temperature, and impurities in the liquid, resulting in pressure cavitation, bubble cavitation, and turbulent cavitation. In the laboratory, high-speed rotation, pressure drop, and temperature change are used to generate cavitation for research. Cavitation may occur in certain parts of the pipeline (such as valves, elbows, pump suction ports, etc.) and affect the stability and efficiency of liquid flow and the long-term durability of the pipeline. Studying how to avoid unnecessary cavitation or control the occurrence of cavitation under appropriate circumstances is an important direction in pipeline design. The behavior of spark bubbles and their effect on fluid flow have always been important research topics, especially in tubes. These bubbles may exhibit various phenomena during their movement in tubes, such as pumping effects, cavitation, vortex ring effects, etc. The stability, collapse characteristics, and secondary cavitation of bubbles may affect the long-term stability and working efficiency of the system. Therefore, in-depth theoretical and experimental research on the formation, evolution, and reliability of spark bubbles in circular tubes can provide valuable references for improving the design and performance of related systems. In the fieldsof shipbuilding and marine engineering, as well as everyday life, bubble collapse and jet dynamics in pipelines are utilized in various applications. During the exploration of high-pressure bubble guns, bubbles may form near the gun nozzle, leading to their collapse. Similarly, when cylindrical propellers are used, a large number of bubbles is generated at the propeller opening, which subsequently collapse at the cylinder's boundary. The presence and collapse of bubbles can significantly impact the propeller's efficiency. In drainage or transmission pipelines, bubbles can form both inside and at the outlet. During drainage, bubble formation generates noise, while in the transmission process, bubbles may induce a pumping effect. Studying the morphology of bubbles within the pipeline is crucial for understanding the water flow dynamics. In clinical applications, biomedicine, drug delivery, and vascular rupture are all associated with elastic tubes. Studying the deformation and movement of bubbles within biological tissues can offer valuable insights for medical applications. Understanding the impact of bubbles on the surrounding environment is crucial, especially when simulating treatments in confined spaces, such as the ureters. The development and formation of bubbles often occur in confined spaces. The influence of the surrounding walls on these bubbles is critical and can be the most significant factor in determining dynamic behavior. Recent research on confined areas can generally be categorized into studies of bubble dynamics between flat plates and within tubes. These tube studies are further divided into investigations involving ordinary round tubes, specially shaped tubes, and elastic tubes. A visual representation of bubble characteristics in confined spaces is shown in Figure 1.  
The most common process and application of cavitation collapse in the gap between two walls is in engineering. [PERSON] et al. [1] studied the bubble motion characteristics between two horizontal walls through experiments, analyzed the influence of the distance between the walls and the distance between the bubble and the wall on the bubble motion characteristics, and simulated them using the boundary element method. [PERSON] [2] researched bubble oscillations between two curved, rigid plates experiencing a planar acoustic field using the boundary integral method (BIM). The results show that the jet velocity, maximum bubble radius, and total energy are not significantly affected by the wave direction, but the jet direction and high-pressure area have a greater impact on them.