## 1 Introduction  
In many countries, groundwater disasters affect all aspects of human life. These include floods in residential areas [1], inundation of underground construction projects [2], and other disaster impacts. Groundwater disasters also seriously affect economic development [3]. The physical and chemical hazards of groundwater seriously affect human life. How to solve this problem and make rational use of groundwater is an urgent problem to be solved [4; 5; 6]. Regarding the multiple hazards of a large amount of groundwater under complex geological conditions and the problem of sustainable development, many scholars have carried out research from different aspects [7; 8; 9; 10]. To solve this problem, the method of injecting cement slurry and grouting to plug the water is generally used to plug rock pores [11; 12; 13]. This is due to the fact that, in underground engineering, the main circulation path of groundwater is the pores in the rock. Regarding grouting materials, [PERSON] found that although cement slurry can seal groundwater to a certain extent, it also causes problems such as high energy consumption and large carbon dioxide emissions. Therefore, he developed cement slurries with different admixtures and different proportions, and the research results indicate high performance, low cost, and environmental protection [14]. [PERSON] considered the interface transition zone between the aggregate and cementitious material, and the results showed that materials such as carbon nanotubes can be used as excellent additives to reduce the propagation of cracks [15]. The abovementioned scholars have conducted in-depth research on cement grouting and water shutoff, and some have also considered certain environmental protection measures and have made positive research progress. In the grouting process, [PERSON] et al. [16], studied the effect of viscosity on cement grouting and the results show that the reduction of grouting pressure can improve the grouting efficiency. [PERSON]'s work focused on the site conditions of the Pearl River Project and, considering the influence of time-varying viscosity and other factors, the results show that the proposed new grouting algorithm effectively helps grouting to plug water [17]. The above studies have two drawbacks: Firstly, this method can only block part of the groundwater and reduce groundwater damage, but it does not substantially solve the problem of groundwater outflow. This is because there are still tiny cracks in the rock that ordinary cement slurry cannot enter, and groundwater still flows out of the tiny cracks [18,19]. Secondly, the mixing of groundwater and cement slurry during grouting affects the properties of the cement slurry, and the final results are often worse than the research results [20]. This is because a large amount of groundwater will dilute the cement slurry, thereby reducing the setting time of the cement slurry. The cement slurry does not condense in the pores of the rock for a long time and cannot achieve the effect of blocking the groundwater, which affects the entire grouting and water-blocking project, making the groundwater hazard situation still severe [21]. Therefore, an increasing number of scholars have begun to study groundwater drainage (draining groundwater to other places or collecting it for resource utilization). [PERSON] [22], derived the coupling equation of stress and seepage, and applied it to high-speed railway tunnels to reduce the impact of groundwater on the project. [PERSON] et al. [23], numerically simulated the influence mechanism of tunnel water pressure on lining, and the proposed new method effectively guided the tunnel construction. [PERSON] et al. [24], carried out experiments on the project site, and proposed improvement measures to effectively solve the problem of air leakage in water diversion, which greatly improved the construction efficiency.