## 3 Results  
### Evaluation of LCCC  
There were distinct differences in the LCCC of each prefecture-level city in the Liaoning Province, as shown by their LCCC evaluation indices (Table 4), and the cumulative LCCC histogram (Figure 4). Dalian had the highest LCCC, while and Fuxin had the lowest, with a difference of up to 0.5 between them. These cities had established economies and relatively strong infrastructure. Despite Fuxin's carrying capacity for resources and the environment being 1.22 times more than Dalian's, Fuxin's carrying capacity for economic scale was less than half of Dalian's. The two largest cities in Liaoning Province in terms of total land-carrying capacity were Dalian and Shenyang. Although Dalian had the lowest carrying capacity for resources and the environment, its carrying capacity for economic scale was much higher than that of other cities. Thus, it maintained the highest LCCC in Liaoning Province, which was consistent with the current state of land development in the region.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c c} \hline \hline
**City** & **Geological** & **Resources and** & **Economic Scale** & **Urban** & **LCCC** \\  & **Condition** & **Environment** & **Economic Scale** & **Construction** & **LCCC** \\ \hline Shenyang City & 0.23 & 0.92 & 1.42 & 0.65 & 3.22 \\ Dalian & 0.26 & 0.89 & 1.48 & 0.62 & 3.24 \\ Anshan & 0.21 & 0.96 & 1.22 & 0.61 & 3.00 \\ Fushun & 0.24 & 1.12 & 1.08 & 0.61 & 3.06 \\ Benxi & 0.25 & 1.13 & 1.14 & 0.64 & 3.16 \\ Dandong & 0.26 & 1.54 & 0.68 & 0.58 & 3.07 \\ Jinzhou & 0.26 & 1.33 & 0.72 & 0.61 & 2.92 \\ Yingkou & 0.27 & 1.28 & 0.79 & 0.65 & 2.98 \\ Fuxin & 0.22 & 1.22 & 0.67 & 0.64 & 2.74 \\ Liaoyang & 0.20 & 1.26 & 0.74 & 0.69 & 2.88 \\ Panjin & 0.23 & 1.31 & 0.85 & 0.66 & 3.06 \\ Tieling & 0.29 & 1.36 & 0.68 & 0.61 & 2.94 \\ Chaoyang City & 0.22 & 1.26 & 0.67 & 0.67 & 2.83 \\ Huludao & 0.27 & 1.13 & 0.67 & 0.69 & 2.77 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 4: Evaluation index of LCCC in Liaoning Province.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Number**} & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**Different Evaluation Grades Ex, En, He**} \\ \cline{2-5}  & **Low** & **Lower** & **Medium** & **Higher** & **High** \\ \hline A1 & (10.79, 2.84, 0.10) & (6.20, 107, 0.01) & (3.88, 0.90, 0.01) & (1.95, 0.73, 0.01) & (0.74, 0.29, 0.01) \\ A2 & (91.13, 7.01, 0.10) & (52.88, 257.10) & (14.58, 705.010) & (3.85, 2.06  
Using the natural discontinuity classification method in the ArcGIS software, LCCC values were divided into five categories: low, relatively low, medium, relatively high, and high (the natural breakpoint method is a statistical method for grading and classifying classes according to the distribution of numerical statistics, which maximizes the difference between classes) [46, 47]. A spatial distribution map of these categories was then created to further analyze the LCCC (Figure 5). In the Liaoning Province, the \"low in the west and high in the east\" geographical distribution characteristic was distinctly visible in Figure 4, which illustrated the spatial differentiation of LCCC. From a large-scale perspective, Liaoning Province's total land carrying capacity was relatively high, with only four preference-level cities being classified as low or relatively low. These cities' comparatively low economic carrying capacities, per capita GDP, per capita investment in fixed assets, and other variables with high weights had an impact on the total land carrying capacity. While Huludao, Chaoyang, and Fuxin in the west belonged to the low and relatively low levels of LCCC, Dalian, Dandong, Benxi, and Fushun are in the east of Liaoning Province and showed an upward trend. Economic development in the western region was gradual and its overall level was low because of unfavorable transportation conditions, limited resources and environment, and weak industrial foundations.