## 3 Results and Discussion
### Analysis of Volatile Compounds in Muffins
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**No**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Analyte**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Method of Identification**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**tR (min)**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**M\_MUF \% \({}^{*}\)**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**T\_MUF \% \({}^{*}\)**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**C\_MUF \% \({}^{*}\)**} \\  & & & & & & \\ \hline
**1** & 1-hydroxy-2-propanone & \(\alpha\) & 3.25 & - & - & 15.29 \(\pm\) 1.06 \\
**2** & 2-Methylbutanal & \(\alpha\), \(\beta\) & 3.56 & - & 1.39 \(\pm\) 0.25 & - \\
**3** & 3-Methylbutanal & \(\alpha\), \(\beta\) & 3.72 & 2.39 \(\pm\) 0.13 & 2.89 \(\pm\) 0.08 & 1.92 \(\pm\) 0.16 \\
**4** & Pyrazine & \(\alpha\) & 4.56 & 0.62 \(\pm\) 0.09 & 0.82 \(\pm\) 0.12 & 0.43 \(\pm\) 0.1 \\
**5** & Pyridine & \(\alpha\), \(\beta\) & 4.91 & 0.43 \(\pm\) 0.06 & 0.18 \(\pm\) 0.05 & - \\
**6** & Toluene & \(\alpha\), \(\beta\) & 5.6 & 1.53 \(\pm\) 0.16 & 1.71 \(\pm\) 0.11 & 0.88 \(\pm\) 0.09 \\
**7** & 1-Pentanol & \(\alpha\) & 5.69 & - & 5.18 \(\pm\) 0.15 & 1.41 \(\pm\) 0.13 \\
**8** & Hexanal & \(\alpha\), \(\beta\) & 6.98 & 28.29 \(\pm\) 0.55 & 29.67 \(\pm\) 0.08 & 17.37 \(\pm\) 0.56 \\
**9** & Methylpyrazine & \(\alpha\) & 8.2 & - & - & 0.78 \(\pm\) 0.15 \\
**10** & 2-Furancarboxaldehyde & \(\alpha\), \(\beta\) & 9.07 & - & - & 0.32 \(\pm\) 0.12 \\
**11** & 2-Furancmethanol & \(\alpha\), \(\beta\) & 10.87 & - & 0.58 \(\pm\) 0.26 & 13.66 \(\pm\) 0.73 \\
**12** & 1,3-dimethylbenzene & \(\alpha\), \(\beta\) & 11.34 & 3.45 \(\pm\) 0.59 & 2.47 \(\pm\) 0.31 & \\
**13** & 2-Heptanone & \(\alpha\) & 13.04 & 4.79 \(\pm\) 0.58 & 5.75 \(\pm\) 0.25 & 2.84 \(\pm\) 0.28 \\
**14** & Heptanal & \(\alpha\), \(\beta\) & 13.7 & 5.64 \(\pm\) 0.25 & 4.21 \(\pm\) 0.16 & 4.75 \(\pm\) 0.22 \\
**15** & 2,5-dimethylpyrazine & \(\alpha\) & 14.15 & 13.17 \(\pm\) 0.65 & 10.58 \(\pm\) 0.17 & 4.22 \(\pm\) 0.44 \\
**16** & 2(5H)-Furanone & \(\alpha\) & 14.58 & - & 5.33 \(\pm\) 0.43 & 4.76 \(\pm\) 0.1 \\
**17** & Benzaldehyde & \(\alpha\), \(\beta\) & 17.08 & - & 1.82 \(\pm\) 0.41 & 0.52 \(\pm\) 0.12 \\
**18** & 1-octen-3-ol & \(\alpha\), \(\beta\) & 18.36 & 3.54 \(\pm\) 0.06 & 2.61 \(\pm\) 0.07 & 1.91 \(\pm\) 0.17 \\
**19** & 2-pentylfuran & \(\alpha\) & 18.84 & 10.69 \(\pm\) 0.48 & 8.72 \(\pm\) 0.15 & 8.35 \(\pm\) 0.29 \\
**20** & Decane & \(\alpha\) & 19.26 & 3.24 \(\pm\) 0.46 & 2.71 \(\pm\) 0.12 & 2.22 \(\pm\) 0.14 \\
**21** & Octanal & \(\alpha\), \(\beta\) & 19.45 & - & - & 3.61 \(\pm\) 0.15 \\
**22** & Benzene,1-methyl-4-(1-ethylethyl) & \(\alpha\) & 20.38 & 1.4 \(\pm\) 0.14 & 1.22 \(\pm\) 0.11 & 0.75 \(\pm\) 0.11 \\
**23** & 2-ethyl-1-hexanol & \(\alpha\) & 20.86 & - & - & 0.71 \(\pm\) 0.21 \\
**24** & 2-Nonanone & \(\alpha\) & 23.59 & 1.81 \(\pm\) 0.04 & 1.29 \(\pm\) 0.06 & 1.09 \(\pm\) 0.05 \\
**25** & Undeacane & \(\alpha\) & 23.88 & 5.98 \(\pm\) 0.24 & 3.34 \(\pm\) 0.13 & 3.15 \(\pm\) 0.28 \\
**26** & Nonanal & \(\alpha\), \(\beta\) & 24.1 & 7.69 \(\pm\) 0.14 & 4.21 \(\pm\) 0.08 & 5.88 \(\pm\) 0.16 \\
**27** & Dodecane & \(\alpha\) & 27.89 & 3.16 \(\pm\) 0.25 & 1.87 \(\pm\) 0.11 & 1.58 \(\pm\) 0.06 \\
**28** & Tetradecane & \(\alpha\) & 34.87 & - & - & 0.65 \(\pm\) 0.03 \\
**29** & 2,5-dibutylthiophene & \(\alpha\) & 39.74 & 1.9 \(\pm\) 0.15 & 0.77 \(\pm\) 0.02 & 0.40 \(\pm\) 0.06 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}  
* relative peak area percentage. \({}^{\alpha}\) Identification by NIST08 library. \({}^{\beta}\) Identification based on standard samples; C_MUF = Muffin prepared by C_BP; M_MUF = Muffin prepared by M_BP; T_MUF = Muffin prepared by T_BP. (-) = not detected.  
\end{table} 
Table 4: Identified volatile compounds and their retention times in three different muffin formulations. Pyrazine (t\({}_{\rm R}\) = 4.56 min., analyte 4, Table 4) and 2,5-dimethylpyrazine (t\({}_{\rm R}\) = 14.15 min., analyte 15, Table 1), were observed in all three muffin types (Table 4). In the group of heterocyclic compounds, besides identification of pyrazine compounds, pyridine (t\({}_{\rm R}\) = 4.91 min., analyte 5, Table 4) and 2,5-dibutylthiophene (t\({}_{\rm R}\) = 39.74 min., analyte 29, Table 4) were detected.