## 5 Results
### Simulations Results  
The results obtained from the two configurations described in Figure 6 are presented below. As in the experimental results, all plots use normalized time, \(t_{n}=t/t_{\text{max}}\), where \(t_{\text{max}}\) is the time when the load reaches 100% of its peak value. In Figure 11, the partial configurations during the simulation are presented for Config. 1. At the top of Figure 11, the position of each configuration for load vs. normalized time is presented, and in Figure 11a-d the different configurations obtained during the simulation are shown. Figure 10: The load vs. displacement for the experimental test and both simulations performed with the peridynamic model. Figure 9: Study of the sensibility of the data window used in the moving average carried out for test 3. A window of 175 values is considered sufficient to obtain a clear evolution of the DPH index. Notice that, during the simulation, three sources of damage appear, indicated (in Figure 11c) by yellow (i), red (ii), and cyan (iii) circles. Notice that failure mechanisms (ii) and (iii) dominate the failure configuration only at the end of the process, as can be seen in Figure 11c,d. Figure 12 presents the same organization as Figure 11 but is referred to as Config. 2; here, see that there are two clear sources of failure that are in competition, indicated by the yellow (i) and cyan (ii) circles in Figure 12a. Finally, the mechanism (i) leads to the final fracture configuration, but this definition happens only at the end of the process, as can be seen in Figure 12c,d. In addition, notice that diffuse damage occurs in the contact surface between the specimen and the upper support, indicated by a green box in Figure 12c. In Figure 13, the energy balance for Config. 1 and Config. 2 simulated using the peridynamic approach is presented. With the aim of facilitating a comparison, the three kinds of energy are plotted at different scales. The following can be seen in this figure:  
1. Damage energy does not begin at zero because when a pre-notch is created (as shown in Figure 6c) the peridynamic model computes the damage energy of each bond deactivated to create this pre-notch. 2. The abrupt drop in damage energy that is wasted when the final failure happens is called \(\Delta E_{d}^{2}\), and the value of energy dissipated smoothly up to reach the eminence of the final fracture is called \(\Delta E_{d}^{1}\). The inspection of these two values confirms that Config. 1 presents more brittle behavior than Config. 2, dissipating practically the same quantity of energy up to arriving at the final configuration (\(\Delta E_{d}^{1}\) value) but presenting a sharper decrease in terms of \(\Delta E_{d}^{2}\) for Config. 1 (0.5) than that of Config. 2 (0.3). 3. Reinforcing the observation (ii) that the increase in elastic energy is more accentuated in Config. 1 than in Config. 2, there is an indication that more elastic energy (\(E_{c}\)) is available to produce a brittle failure in Config. 1 (1.8) than in Config. 2 (1.1). Figure 11: Partial configuration for the Config. 1 simulation. The graph above is load vs. normalized time, along with the instant where the pictures were taken. The graphs below are the partial configurations at given instants and the final configuration of the damage. * The kinetic energy evaluation during the simulation shows a sensible increase after the specimens begin to show a smooth increase in the dissipated energy close to \(t_{n}=0.5\) for both configurations. In addition, \(E_{k}\) fluctuations increase at the end of the simulations when the final failure happens, and notice that in Config. 1 these fluctuations are higher than in Config. 2, which is in agreement with the fact that Config. 1 presents increased brittle behavior. Figure 12: Partial configuration for the Config. 2 simulation. The graph above is the load vs. normalized time, along with the instant where the pictures were taken. The graphs below are the partial configurations at given instants and the final configuration of the damage.