## 3 Wood as a Modern Construction Material for Modular Buildings
In Finland, the Ministry of Employment and the Economy led the National Wood Construction Programme from 2011 to 2015, which not only identified projects for large-scale wood construction but also invested in knowledge about high-quality and energy-efficient wood construction, the implementation of new competitive operation models for the construction stage of wood buildings, and the improvement of wood construction training, enhancing efficiency in design, research, and development activities [28]. Currently, educational and professional training mechanisms related to modern wood applications in construction are not at a level comparable to those for structural steel and concrete materials. However, significant initiatives are underway to enhance educational resources and professional training programs, aiming to bridge this gap and foster a more comprehensive understanding of the potential and intricacies of contemporary timber construction practices. Therefore, the widespread adoption of multi-story wood construction is a result of collaboration between construction and forestry industries, research institutes, and governments. Positive marketing of wood use produced by incentive programs and collaborative research demonstration projects, along with increased customer interest in modern sustainable buildings, has also played a crucial role in this scenario [29; 30]. This successful approach is evident in examples such as the e3 building in Berlin (2008), the Stadthaus in London (2009), the Forte apartment building in Melbourne (2012), Treet in Bergen (2015), Brock Commons Tallwood House in Vancouver (2017), and the HoHo hybrid residential-commercial development in Vienna (2020). It is evident that countries where the use of wood is traditionally widespread, such as Sweden, Canada, the United States, and Japan, adopt new technologies for tall building construction more rapidly due to their experience, confidence, and the availability of the material, along with the established organization of this market. In Sweden, a country with 69% of its territory covered by forests and approximately 90% of single-family homes built using wood as early as 1980, and where timber constructions above two stories were not allowed until 1994, the market share of wood in multi-story buildings increased from 1% in 2000 to 15% in 2012 [26]. In Finland, this increase went from 1% in 2010 to 10% by 2015 [27; 31]. In Canada, after the approval for the construction of five to six-story wood buildings in British Columbia, more than 250 buildings were completed in the province [32]. Locations such as the United Kingdom, Germany, and the Netherlands, while needing to address concerns about fire safety and material durability, have shown growth in the widespread use of wood, even for low-rise buildings. In the United Kingdom, the TF2000 project opened new markets for timber-frame constructions up to seven stories high [33] and increased the market share of timber frame from 8% in 1998 to 25% in 2008 [34; 35]. In Germany, in 2014, 16.2% of new buildings were built from wood [36]. The use of wood for multi-story buildings was permitted in the country in 2002, and since then, has represented approximately 2% of the multi-story building market [26]. In recent years, there has been a noticeable increase in studies focused on designing multi-story buildings. Most of the existing scientific literature on multi-story timber buildings addresses technical, acoustic [37; 38; 39], structural [40; 41; 42; 43; 44], energy-related [45], and sustainability aspects [46; 47]. However, very few comprehensive and comparative studies have been conducted regarding the practical implementation of wood. [PERSON] et al. [48] agree and state that there is a very limited number of studies focused on global trends and typologies regarding the architectural and structural design considerations of modular timber buildings.