# The Evolutionary Traits of Carbon Emissions from the Planting Industry in Beijing, China
## 3 Results  
### Carbon Emissions from the Planting Industry  
#### 3.1.1 Carbon Emissions from Agricultural Inputs  
The carbon emissions from agricultural inputs in Beijing's planting industry were 372,100 tons in 2000, which decreased to 298,200 tons in 2004, and then maintained a relatively stable trend until 2011 (Figure 1). The downward trend was relatively obvious from 2012 to 2018, and remained stable after 2018. The annual carbon emissions from agricultural chemicals were about 146,000 tons. Specifically, in 2000, the carbon emissions from chemical fertilizers in Beijing's planting industry were 160,300 tons, and from pesticides were 26,600 tons. After that, both of them maintained a relatively stable or slow downward trend. Since 2012, due to the implementation of the national \"two reductions (fertil reduction and pesticide reduction)\" project and \"zero growth\" of fertilizer and pesticide, the scientific and technological level of fertilization and pesticide application has been improved, and the downward trend of carbon emissions from chemical fertilizers and pesticides has become more obvious. By 2020, the carbon emissions of chemical fertilizers and pesticides reached the lowest value, which were 54,300 tons and 10,400 tons, respectively. There was a slight increase in the past three years. In 2000, the carbon emissions from the use of agricultural film in Beijing's planting industry were 50,900 tons. Before 2015, it showed an upward trend first and then a downward trend. The highest value was in 2007, reaching 75,700 tons, and then showed a continuous downward trend, falling to 36,300 tons by 2023. In 2000, the carbon emissions from diesel consumption in agricultural machinery, such as ploughing, sowing, and harvesting machines in Beijing's planting industry, were 46,800 tons. It has shown a fluctuating downward trend in the past 20 years and dropped to 11,300 tons by 2023. In 2000, the carbon emissions from irrigation in Beijing's planting industry were 87,500 tons, which remained at around 48,100 tons from 2003 to 2007. In 2008, it rose to 64,400 tons, and then showed a continuous downward trend, dropping to 31,400 tons by 2023. From the perspective of the level of carbon emissions from various agricultural inputs (Figure 2), the carbon emissions of chemical fertilizers, pesticides, agricultural films, diesel oil, and irrigation accounted for 41.60%, 7.25%, 22.90%, 9.38%, and 18.88% of the total  
Figure 1: Carbon emissions from agricultural inputs in Beijing’s planting industry from 2000 to 2023.  
carbon emissions, respectively. Chemical fertilizers and agricultural film inputs were the important sources of carbon emissions. The amount of fertilizers and diesel has shown an overall downward trend, falling by 2.59 and 5.04 percentage points, respectively, by 2023. The proportion of agricultural film showed an upward trend, the amount of pesticides was relatively stable, and the amount of irrigation fluctuated and declined in the early stage. After 2013, it showed a slow upward trend. However, compared with 2000, it still decreased by 2.44 percentage points in 2023. From a phased perspective, the average annual carbon emissions of agricultural inputs in Beijing's planting industry were 316,100 tons in 2000-2010, of which the carbon emissions of chemical fertilizers, pesticides, agricultural films, diesel oil, and irrigation were 131,900, 22,500, 63,100, 36,900, and 61,600 tons, respectively, accounting for 41.73%, 7.12%, 19.96%, 11.67%, and 19.49% of the total carbon emissions, respectively. That is, the contribution of fertilizer input to carbon emissions in the planting industry was over 40%, while the carbon emissions from agricultural film and irrigation were basically equivalent, each accounting for one-fifth of the total carbon emissions. Diesel ranked fourth, and the carbon emissions contribution of pesticide inputs was less than 10%.