## 1 Introduction
It was found that their addition at significant concentrations can, indeed, cause a reduction in compressive strength of samples and this was attributed to a number of issues; primarily the modifier and dispersion agent used and the nanostructure of each dispersion itself [19, 33], the quantity of nMt addition, and the absence of superplasticizer [1, 28]. In summary, results suggest that in ternary (Portland limestone nanocomposites) [32] and quaternary combinations [1] 1% of nMt addition by total weight of the binder is optimal and can offer strength improvements in pastes. Although a number of papers have been reported on the flexural performance of binary nanosilica [34], nanotube [35], or nanoclay [36] enhanced cements, no research has been presented in ternary blends reinforced with fibers. It is acknowledged that nMt nanoparticles can improve flexural strength and assign damping properties [37] to pastes they will be added to [19]. Moreover, as stated above, nMt particles may further exfoliate within the hydrating cement matrix, dispersing in one direction under stirring [20], rendering them possibly more suitable for flexural than compressive strength enhancement. For this, a new research program was implemented in order to assess the potentials of nMt in ternary fiber-cemetitious nanohybrids, when tested in flexure. For the first time, the effect of differently manufactured nMt's, namely; one organically modified dispersion (nC2), \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Manufacturing and** & **Cement Mix** & **Characterization Technique** & **Selected Results** & **Reference** \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{Electric mixer and null} & The blended cement paste samples were prepared by partial replacement of cement with 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, 10%, 12%, and 14% nano-nteaklon (NMt) by weight of cement. All pastes were prepared with the same water to cement (WC) ratio 0.3. & Differential thermal analysis (DTA) was performed for the nano-kaolin to specify the decomposition/calculations temperature. & The optimum replacement was found to be 10% with which an enhancement of compressive strength by about 50\% and 16% when a resilient strength by 36\% was achieved. & [26] \\  & The ingredients of the blended cement packing samples were homogenized on an electric mixer to assure complete homogeneity. & TEM imaging confirmed the thermal activation, capturing reduction in grain size with ill-defined edges, which suggests some amorphous character and results in increasing the poraczanic activity of NMC. & & \\  & The NMRt was thermally treated at 750 \({}^{\circ}\) for 2 In 10 to assure complete decomposition and to get active amorphous name-nteaklon (NMt). The ingredients were homogenized on a roller in a poraczanic to assure complete homogeneity. & & \\  & Ordinary Portland cement type CEM & & & \\  & II/A-LL 2.5 N (PPC) and ONMMT at 1%, & & & \\  & cement replacement and at water to solid ratio (w/s) equal to 0.27. & & & \\  & Sodium MMT (cation exchange capacity & & \\  & (ICC) 105 mg/100 g), was used for & & & \\  & OMMT synthesis in the laboratory by applying the ion exchange method. & & & \\  & Quaternary ammonium salt (QAS) & & & \\  & methylbenzyl di-hydrogenated alloy & & & \\  & ammonium chloride (Noxamin MBEIT) & & & \\  & = 640 g/nm) was selected as a modifier to & & & \\  & produce the MMT denoted as 06, 08, & by the Fattitini test. & & \\  & and 1 M, respectively (corresponding to & & \\  & 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0 cation exchange degree). & & & \\  & Each OMMT was mixed with distilled & & & \\  & water and stirred rigorously for one day at 20 \({}^{\circ}\)C, to ensure the formation of & & & \\  & well-dispersed suspension. After stirring & & & \\  & time terminated, the OMMT-water & & & \\  & suspension was mixed with the required amount of cement. & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: _Cont._one inorganic dispersion (nC3), and one organically modified nano-montmorillonite in powder form, industrial product, (nC4) was evaluated.