## 2 Background Review
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Years** & **Ref.** & **Purpose** & **Drawbacks** & **Description** \\ \hline
2023 & [15] & \
\begin{tabular}{c} A multilevel \\ blockchain framework \\ to secure information \\ security on the internet \\ of vehicles \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} The non-repudiation of the \\ exchange of data and the integrity of \\ the transaction data are guaranteed \\ by a new transaction block and the \\ ECDSA digital signature. Designed \\ with efficiency in mind, the \\ multilevel blockchain architecture \\ allocates tasks between intra- and \\ inter-cluster private blockchains. \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline
2023 & [16] & \begin{tabular}{c} A new image \\ encryption algorithm \\ based on the LCCM \\ and multilevel \\ manipulation \\ \end{tabular} & \
\begin{tabular}{c} Difficult to objectively evaluate \\ their effectiveness and \\ improvement over \\ other approaches. \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} By combining the Logistic map with \\ the Chebyshev map, a novel \\ one-dimensional \\ Logistic–Chebyshev chaotic map \\ (LCCM) is introduced in order to \\ improve the inconsistency of the \\ Chebyshev chaotic sequences. \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline
2022 & [24] & \begin{tabular}{c} Implemented with \\ distributed WIFFM \\ and ODAC virtual link \\ management features \\ \end{tabular} & \
\begin{tabular}{c} It is vulnerable to uncertain \\ honeypot response times due \\ to continuously changing \\ network dynamics. \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} As part of the recently created \\ model, the IHF characteristics were \\ recognized as innovative distributed \\ solutions that were included in \\ every sensor node of the WSN. \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline
2022 & [25] & \begin{tabular}{c} Implemented a novel \\ extended approach of \\ homomorphic \\ encryption in a digital \\ healthcare system \\ leveraging \\ blockchain technology \\ \end{tabular} & \
\begin{tabular}{c} Deep learning techniques for \\ attack prediction and \\ monitoring, without exploring \\ the other advanced methods. \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} Development of a distinctive deep \\ learning-based secure searchable \\ blockchain as a distributed database \\ utilizing homomorphic encryption \\ to provide secure data access \\ through search. \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline
2022 & [28] & \begin{tabular}{c} Secure data sharing \\ scheme (SDSM) for \\ IoT-based \\ supply chains \\ \end{tabular} & \
\begin{tabular}{c} Not suitable for involving data \\ sharing and collaboration \\ across multiple supply chains. \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} This method facilitates the \\ implementation of precise access \\ control across several levels of \\ partnerships, enabling the \\ identification of partnerships. \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline
2019 & [34] & \begin{tabular}{c} Encrypted password \\ security via \\ extended ADFGVX \\ \end{tabular} & \
\begin{tabular}{c} It may still be vulnerable to \\ advanced \\ cryptographic attacks. \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} Proposed encryption accommodates \\ common password characters with \\ a random key. \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline
2016 & [17] & \begin{tabular}{c} Integrated set of \\ security patterns was \\ created based on the \\ Reference \\ Monitor abstraction \\ \end{tabular} & \
\begin{tabular}{c} The high cost and time \\ required for the rigorous \\ development and evaluation of \\ secure systems. \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} TCSEC and TNI provide security \\ frameworks for complex, \\ distributed systems. \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline
2014 & [19] & \begin{tabular}{c} MLSvisual, a tool that \\ helps students learn \\ the multilevel \\ (Bell–LaPadula) access \\ control model \\ \end{tabular} & \
\begin{tabular}{c} The impact on students’ \\ understanding is influenced by \\ the time spent using \\ MLSvisual. \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} MLSvisual enhances instruction and \\ self-study of MLS access control \\ systems, allowing instructors to \\ reference policies and clarify topics \\ during class for better \\ understanding. \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}