## 4 Discussion  
The integration of lattice structures into components is a complex process that necessitates the utilization of a modern computer system with sophisticated CAD software, in addition to advanced simulation and manufacturing techniques. This prompts the crucial question of whether and in what contexts it is appropriate to utilize lattice structures in designs that are inherently complex. It is crucial to recognize that the incorporation of lattice structures into components does not inherently address all challenges. Rather, there are specific applications in which they have been demonstrated to be a practical solution thus far and areas in which their use will prove advantageous in the near future, contingent on further research and the ongoing development of optimization possibilities. Lattice structures have emerged as a prominent area of interest within the sports equipment industry, with applications spanning diverse product categories such as footwear (e.g., shoes) [42], head protection (e.g., helmets) [43], and bicycle components (e.g., saddles). Figure 14 depicts a variety of bike saddles produced by different manufacturers. All of the aforementioned approaches utilize functionally graded lattice structures. However, it should be noted that all of the depicted structures were developed on the basis of extensive data obtained from athletes. The illustrated bike saddles and saddle pads were designed using Carbon(r)'s Design Engine Pro and manufactured using Carbon(r)'s own resin materials, in addition to the in-house Digital Light Synthesis(tm) (DLS) process. Figure 14: Different types of road bike saddles; (**a**) Specialized S-Works Phenom [44], (**b**) Björn Cycles Setka [45], (**c**) fizik Antares Verso Evo 00 Adaptive [46], (**d**) Selle Italia SLR Boost 3D [47]. It is also noteworthy to mention fizik ONE to ONE, as this company is pursuing a similar concept and offers valuable opportunities for comparison. The concept was first presented by Fizik during the preparation of this publication and is still relevant due to the similar approach. fizik ONE to ONE [48] is an individual fitting service that enables customers to receive personalized bike saddles. The process comprises the following steps:  
1. Short \"pressure fit\": duration approx. 15 min (rough bike fitting). 2. First pressure measurement on your own bike with your own saddle (no statement about handlebar position). 3. Specific app (connected to pressure measuring system) suggests one of the three Fizik basic saddle shapes. 4. Second pressure measurement with suggested Fizik saddle shape. 5. An algorithm calculates the corresponding geometry required; six geometries are available in two saddle widths each, with the following strategy (derived from the image): high pressure, thicker struts; low pressure, thinner struts. 6. Saddle production (duration: approximately half a day). 7. Rails (selectable) are connected directly to the AM saddle structure. 8. Delivery time of assembled saddle: approximately two weeks. In contrast, the methodology presented in this paper is as follows:  
1. The data were collected through the use of pressure measurements. Subsequently, the participants underwent professional bike fitting, followed by the pressure measurement on the CFRP saddle shell. The objective was to record the pressure distribution and to focus on handlebar position 2, which is predominantly used when riding. 2. Analysis of the measurement data was performed. The pressure data were subjected to analysis and subsequently employed to modify the functionally graded lattice structure of the saddle. Each area can be modified independently and with high precision. The strategy employed was as follows: areas with pressure peaks would be softer than the adjacent hard areas, which then became constantly softer with lower pressure. 3. Modeling of personalized lattice structures: Carbon(r) Design Engine Pro software was employed to generate saddle pads that were tailored to the specified pressure distributions. 4.