###### Abstract
A very important aspect of the proposed phased array with integrated phase shifters is the future exploration of its beam coverage (enhancement feature in Wi-Fi 6) with the router system shell [10]. A conformal antenna based on graphene-assembled films has been explored in [11] by placing it on the surface of a commercial router. The proposed phased array antenna can be a potential candidate for exploring its advantages (such as space utilization and miniaturization) on Wi-Fi commercial routers. Therefore, this proposed work focusses on a linear patch phased array with integrated novel phase shifters, which is an initial step toward exploring its performance on a Wi-Fi 6 access point (router) in near future. In the literature, active research work is in progress to design planar phase shifters for phased array applications. In [12; 13; 14; 15], planar phase shifters based on INKJET printing of BST (barium strontium titanate) material for phased array applications are proposed. The BST material is filled inside the fingers spacing of conventional inter-digital capacitors (IDCs). The major drawback of these designs is the requirement of high tuning voltages (up to 200 V) to achieve the desired phase shifts. In [16; 17], planar tunable phase shifters based on ferroelectric ceramics for phased array antenna are designed. The ceramic material is filled inside a conventional artificial composite right/left-handed (CRLH) printed transmission line to vary the permittivity of the filled material and, therefore, change the phase \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{p{56.9 pt} p{56.9 pt} p{56.9 pt} p{56.9 pt} p{56.9 pt} p{56.9 pt}} \hline \hline
**Release Year** & **802.11 Standard** & **New Name** & **Frequency Band** & **Modulation Type** &
\begin{tabular}{} \end{tabular} \\ \hline  & 802.11n & Wi-Fi 4 & 2.4 GHz or 5 GHz & 64 QAM & 4 \\ \hline
2013 & 802.11 ac Wave 1 & Wi-Fi 5 GHz & 5 GHz & 256 QAM & 8 \\ \hline
2015 & 802.11 ac Wave 2 & Wi-Fi 6 & 2.4 GHz or 5 GHz & 1024 QAM & 8 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: WFA (Wi-Fi Alliance) Wi-Fi standards with specs. response of the CRLH transmission line. The complex fabrication process and requirement of applying an external dc field strength hinder its usage for space constraint and conformal phased array applications on Wi-Fi routers. The phased array antenna in [18] is based on a polymer composite-based artificial left-handed transmission line phase shifter. The dielectric constant of the composite material is varied to obtain the desired phase shifts for the main beam steering of the array. However, a separate dc bias network needs to be designed and printed along with the phase shifters. In [19; 20; 21; 22], switching elements (PIN diodes, varactor diodes, reed switches, MEMS switches) are utilized for the phased array antennas. Their main disadvantages are the requirements of external dc power supplies, bonding wires and fabrication of additional mechanical components, which not only complicate the design but are also bulky. Most recently, novel magnetic particles of micron size [23] have been successfully utilized in various RF and microwave devices. A complete thorough characterization of these particles is mentioned in [24]. Their applications for reconfigurable antennas, RF switches and microwave filters are explored in [25; 26; 27]. This proposed research work explores the novel design of combining a unit cell conventional metamaterial printed CRLH transmission line [28] and micron-sized magnetic particles [23] as a phase shifter for phased array applications. We call the proposed printed CRLH transmission line with embedded micron-size particles design 'P-CRLH' and the resulting phase shifter a P-CRLH phase shifter. The qualitative and quantitative comparisons of the proposed P-CRLH phase shifter with those available in the literature are summarized in Tables 2 and 3.