# Provisioning of Fog Computing over Named-Data Networking in Dynamic Wireless Mesh Systems
## 2 Background and Related Work
### NDN in a Multi-Hop Wireless Environment  
#### 2.1.1 Problem Statement  
The Named-Data Networking (NDN) protocol uses the Named-Data Networking Forwarding Daemon (NFD) to determine the destination of an Interest packet [26]. This includes a set of tools for routing and forwarding Interests and for sending data packets back along the same path discovered by the Interest packets. When the NFD selects an outgoing Face for an Interest packet, it performs a lookup on the Forwarding Information Base (FIB). In contrast to IP networks, NDN does not support node IDs. Instead, forwarding relies exclusively on the node's interface names (Face ID) to specify a next hop. Configuration of Faces includes remoteUri representing the remote endpoint, such as the MAC address of the remote device.  
In NDN, the Face can function as a physical network interface for communication over a physical link, an overlay communication channel, or an inter-process communication channel between NFD and a local application [26]. In the context of wired communications (p2p link type, as per the NFD terminology), every connection to a neighboring node utilizes a distinct Face, as depicted in Figure 1. This approach allows the NFD to determine the path for an interest packet uniquely and prevent flooding. In wired networks, each Face of a node is linked to only one neighboring device, facilitating this specificity.  
The Named-Data Networking Forwarding Daemon (NFD) is a key element in the architecture of Named-Data Networking (NDN). The incorporation of UnicastEthernet-Transport has markedly improved NFD's ability to manage faces. UnicastEthernetTransport enables NFD to create a separate unicast face for each peer on both wired and wireless Ethernet adapters. UnicastEthernetTransport in NFD is designed to handle unicast communications over Ethernet. It supports the creation of individual unicast faces for each peer, which is crucial for targeted communication in NDN. This transport mechanism allows for efficient management of network interfaces, binding each unicast face to a specific network interface. This is particularly beneficial in environments with multiple interfaces, such as mesh networks. It supports both unicast and multicast modes of communication, making it versatile for various networking scenarios. Unicast mode is particularly useful for direct, point-to-point communication, while multicast mode facilitates the distribution of data to multiple recipients. One of the key features of UnicastEthernetTransport is its adaptability to both wired and wireless Ethernet adapters, treating them uniformly. This enhances the flexibility of NFD in different network setups. The integration of UnicastEthernetTransport significantly extends the capabilities of NFD, particularly in handling complex network structures and traffic patterns more efficiently. UnicastEthernetTransport plays a vital role in enhancing the capabilities of NFD within NDN. Its dynamic management of multiple faces and support for both unicast and multicast communications across varied interfaces cements NFD's position as a robust and adaptable network data management tool [27].