## 4 Blockchain Adoption in Healthcare
BC has been developed as an eminent innovation, giving a breakthrough, and has distinguished potential in healthcare. In healthcare, BC can help build a global HMS, connecting patients, doctors, insurance companies, pharmacists, and medical researchers [66]. ICT and blockchain are empowering innovations for the decentralization and digitalization of healthcare systems [67]. Since the focus of this review is blockchain adoption in healthcare thus, Figure 7 depicts the impact of blockchain in various healthcare and its innovative use cases. A brief description of innovative BC use cases in healthcare is as follows:  
**Insurance and Claims:** Health insurance and claims handling can profit from BCs transparency, decentralization, unchanging nature, and auditability of records [68]. Blockchain can be utilized for the approval of cases, which may build the productivity and security of the cycle [69]. The product can store encoded patient identifiers, health information, and supplier claims in a blockchain that payers and suppliers share [70]. **Patient Care and Clinical Labs:** Patient care and clinical lab record handling in HMS have been a challenge regarding security, timeliness, privacy, and sharing [71]. BC is a combination of disruptive technologies that can help resolve all the challenges associated with existing HMS [72]. The medical services industry will be more efficient with the applications and incorporation of blockchain. **Pharma and Supply Chain:** Another recognized use case of blockchain is Pharma and supply chain management, especially in the medication/drug industry [67]. The conveyance of fake or inadequate prescriptions can have desperate ramifications for the patients [73]. Falsifying is a critical issue inside the drug business, but blockchain innovation has been recognized as having the ability to address this problem [16; 24]. Figure 6: A simple blockchain [58]. **Neuroscience**: Blockchain innovation has been developed as a data innovation in a few neuroscience applications, for example, mind increase, cerebrum reenactment, and cerebrum thinking. Digitizing and storing all the cerebrum information requires a secure medium to store that information. An unwavering quality and blockchain innovation helps in the accurate and precise storage of brain information [23]. **Telemedicine and Doctor Consultation:** Telemedicine has enormous potential to convey real-time medical care [73]. The current telesurgery framework has security, protection, and interoperability issues, which restricts its appropriateness in medical care in the future [75]. BC-based telesurgery frameworks can certainly alleviate the issues and could be more effective [76]. **Medical Research and Development**: Blockchain has an intriguing use case in biomedical research, training, and development. Blockchain can assist with misrepresenting information and under-revealing or rejecting unfortunate outcomes in medical research. Blockchain makes it simpler for patients to provide authorization for their information to be utilized with the end goal of exploration [16]. **Genomics**: Human genomic ventures are creating a massive volume of genomic information widely utilized in biotechnology and clinical examination [77]. So there is a requirement for apparatuses and innovations that can help prepare and examine genomic information. Blockchain innovation has developed as a contemporary answer for storing and trading genomic information with security [24]. A study uses blockchain to produce and access genomic information with security-saving and decentralized techniques [51]. **Electronic Health Records**: The most well-known use of blockchain in healthcare is in EHR or EMR management to make information safer and dependable [64; 74]. The constraint in EHR before blockchain innovation was that patients' information was dissipated among different medical services suppliers, and the past information was not open even in EHR frameworks [38].