## 5 Results and Observations  
In the experimental analysis, the proposed despeckling method has been performed on SAR-1 and SAR-2 to investigate its speckle-noise suppression and edge and texture preservation features. Moreover, the proposed method has experimented with different noise variance levels (\(\sigma\in\) 5, 10, 20, 30, 40). The analysis of various efficiency metrics, such as SNR, PSNR, SSIM, and UIQI, has been conducted across different noise variances. Comparisons of the proposed method with various techniques, such as Lee [10], HFLF [11], Kuan [12], Median [13], Frost [14], and Log compression [15] filters, are shown in Tables 1-8. The findings of the proposed despeckling method at a noise variance of \(\sigma\) = from 5 to 20 are detailed in Tables 1-8, showcasing the method's performance under these conditions. The graphs presented in Figure 4a-g show the comparison of different despeckling methods, including the newly proposed method, based on efficiency metrics. The results depicted in the comparative graphs highlight the superior performance of the proposed method when compared to all other despeckling techniques mentioned. The performance metrics, such as SNR, PSNR, SSIM, and UIQI, are determined at different noise levels, as shown in Tables 1-8, and the best results are shown in bold. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**SAR-1**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**DM**} & **NV** & **5** & **10** & **20** & **30** & **40** \\ \cline{2-7}  & Frost [14] & 19.7102 & 17.3372 & 12.4019 & 13.5486 & 12.8054 \\ \cline{2-7}  & HFLF [11] & 18.3675 & 17.2521 & 12.0921 & 12.6512 & 11.8956 \\ \cline{2-7}  & [PERSON] [12] & 19.5694 & 16.9434 & 11.9814 & 13.2454 & 12.4587 \\ \cline{2-7}  & Median [13] & 18.5353 & 15.8472 & 11.7680 & 12.5259 & 11.7758 \\ \cline{2-7}  & [PERSON] [10] & 19.7930 & 17.4828 & 12.2417 & 13.4226 & 12.5451 \\ \cline{2-7}  & Log Compression [15] & 18.2314 & 17.5878 & 12.8956 & 12.8975 & 11.9547 \\ \cline{2-7}  & **Proposed** & **21.7630** & **19.9125** & **16.2154** & **16.9654** & **15.5687** \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: SNR of despeckling methods for SAR-1 at \(\sigma\) = from 5 to 40. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**SAR-2**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**DM**} & **NV** & **5** & **10** & **20** & **30** & **40** \\ \cline{2-7}  & [PERSON] [14] & 19.9710 & 17.7172 & 15.1958 & 13.7601 & 12.8521 \\ \cline{2-7}  & HFLF [11] & 20.1236 & 16.5232 & 15.5957 & 13.3698 & 12.7854 \\ \cline{2-7}  & [PERSON] [12] & 19.5229 & 17.5342 & 14.9730 & 13.4754 & 12.4785 \\ \cline{2-7}  & Median [13] & 18.8630 & 16.8032 & 14.3070 & 12.8406 & 11.9911 \\ \cline{2-7}  & [PERSON] [10] & 20.1908 & 17.7229 & 15.0977 & 13.5763 & 12.6261 \\ \cline{2-7}  & Log Compression [15] & 19.4568 & 16.8585 & 14.2356 & 12.8579 & 11.4514 \\ \cline{2-7}  & **Proposed** & **22.2321** & **19.2546** & **17.2589** & **16.1598** & **15.5879** \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: SNR of despeckling methods for SAR-2 at \(\sigma\) = from 5 to 40. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l c c c c c} \hline \hline  & **DM** & **NV** & **5** & **10** & **20** & **30** & **40** \\ \cline{2-7}  & Frost [14] & 0.4737 & 0.4678 & 0.4679 & 0.4703 & 0.4625 \\ \cline{2-7}  & HFLF [11] & 0.4615 & 0.4218 & 0.4578 & 0.4612 & 0.4531 \\ \cline{2-7}  & [PERSON] [12] & 0.4685 & 0.4585 & 0.4495 & 0.4421 & 0.4249 \\ \cline{2-7}  & Median [13] & 0.3660 & 0.3518 & 0.3367 & 0.3292 & 0.3151 \\ \cline{2-7}  & [PERSON] [10] & 0.4700 & 0.4595 & 0.4503 & 0.4429 & 0.4261 \\ \cline{2-7}  & Log Compression [15] & 0.4535 & 0.4231 & 0.4365 & 0.3362 & 0.4875 \\ \cline{2-7}  & **Proposed** & **0.6512** & **0.5909** & **0.6980** & **0.5969** & **0.6011** \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 6: UIQI of despeckling methods for SAR-2 at \(\sigma\) = from 5 to 40.