## 3 Results
### Tensionyography  
Differences in the mean TMG parameters between knee extensors and flexors were analysed using paired t-tests. The results indicate that the extensor muscles respond more rapidly to electrical twitch stimulation than the flexor muscles. The mean delay time (Td) was 22.7 (1.0) ms for the extensors and 24.1 (2.3) ms for the flexors (\(p\) = 0.001). Additionally, the extensors exhibited a shorter contraction time (Tc), averaging 26.0 (2.5) ms, compared to 36.5 (8.1) ms for the flexors (\(p\) < 0.001). The sustain time (Ts) was significantly longer in the flexors, with a mean of 178.5 (26.7) ms, versus 131.5 (32.7) ms in the extensors (\(p\) < 0.001). Furthermore, the extensors demonstrated a greater maximum radial displacement (Dm), with a mean of 8.1 (1.7) mm, compared to 7.2 (2.5) mm in the flexors (\(p\) = 0.042). Detailed mean TMG parameter values by individual muscle and muscle group are presented in Table 3.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Muscle** & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**Muscle**} & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**Angular Velocity**} \\
**Group** & **Contraction** & & & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{FL (Nm)} & & 60\({}^{\circ}\)/s & 180\({}^{\circ}\)/s & 240\({}^{\circ}\)/s & \(p\)-value \\ \cline{3-6}  & concentric & 105.3 (27.4) & 77 (24.1) & 65.9 (20.2) & \textless{}0.001 \\  & eccentric & 125.5 (37.6) & 115.6 (34.2) & 106.3 (29.5) & \textless{}0.001 \\  & concentric & 193 (45.3) & 130.3 (33.3) & 110.1 (26.9) & \textless{}0.001 \\  & eccentric & 215 (52.4) & 197.1 (42.7) & 193.2 (42.0) & 0.006 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}  
* FL—knee flexors; EXT—knee extensors.  
\end{table}
Table 1: Average values (SO) of the maximum concentric and eccentric torques of the knee flexors and extensors at three angular velocities (60\({}^{\circ}\)/s, 180\({}^{\circ}\)/s, 240\({}^{\circ}\)/s).  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Torque Ratio** & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**Angular Velocity**} \\ \hline  & 60\({}^{\circ}\)/s & 180\({}^{\circ}\)/s & 240\({}^{\circ}\)/s & \(p\)-value \\ \cline{2-5}  & 0.55 (0.08) & 0.59 (0.10) & 0.60 (0.12) & 0.002 \\ \(\rm FL_{E}/EXT_{C}\) & 0.65 (0.10) & 0.89 (0.15) & 0.97 (0.15) & \textless{}0.001 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}  
* FL\({}_{C}\)/EXT\({}_{C}\)—conventional isokinetic peak torque ratio; FL\({}_{E}\)/EXT\({}_{C}\)—functional isokinetic peak torque ratio.  
\end{table}
Table 2: Average values (SO) of the conventional and functional torque ratio FL/EXT at three angular velocities (60\({}^{\circ}\)/s, 180\({}^{\circ}\)/s, 240\({}^{\circ}\)/s).  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Muscles** & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**TMG Parameters**} \\ \hline  & **Td (ms)** & **Tc (ms)** & **Ts (ms)** & **Dm (mm)** \\ \cline{2-5}  & biceps femoris & 23.3 (3.2) & 30.3 (10.4) & 178.2 (42.2) & 5.1 (2.2) \\ semitendosus & 25.0 (2.7) & 42.7 (11.4) & 180.8 (34.4) & 9.2 (3.7) \\ EXT average & 24.1 (2.3) ** & 36.5 (8.1) ** & 178.5 (26.7) ** & 7.2 (2.5) * \\ rectus femoris & 24.1 (1.7) & 29.9 (5.1) & 113.8 (51.2) & 9.0 (2.9) \\ vastus lateralis & 22.2 (1.3) & 23.7 (2.8) & 96.5 (52.7) & 6.9 (1.9) \\ vastus medialis & 21.9 (1.2) & 24.4 (2.5) & 184.2 (21.1) & 8.4 (1.8) \\ FL average & 22.7 (1.0) & 26.0 (2.5) & 131.5 (32.7) & 8.1 (1.7) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}  
* FL—knee flexors; EXT—knee extensors; **–significantly different from FL average at \(p<0.01\); **–significantly different from FL average at \(p<0.05\).  
\end{table}
Table 3: Mean values (SD) of the TMG parameters for the rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, biceps femoris and semitendinos muscles, as well as calculated mean values for the entire muscle group of the knee flexors and extensors.  
The ratios of the knee flexors and extensors of the dominant leg calculated from TMG parameters are shown in Table 4.