# Smart Interactive Technologies in the Human-Centric Factory 5.0: A Survey
## 1 Introduction
[5], Industry 5.0 is not a technology-driven revolution but a value-driven initiative that promotes technological transformation with a particular purpose, generating value by putting together economy (profitability, scalability, and business models), ecology (CO\({}_{2}\) reduction and circular economy), and society (societal challenges and human-centricity). In this paper, keeping the context of the smart industry, we focus in particular on the dimension of smart interactive technologies, a term that can be traced back to that of intelligent user interfaces (IUIs), which aim at improving the symbiosis between humans and computers by merging artificial intelligence (AI) and human-computer interaction (HCI), including intelligent capabilities in the interface in order to improve performance, usability, and experience in critical ways (for more details, see [6]). This may also involve designing an interface that effectively leverages human skills and capabilities so that human performance with application improves. In addition, human-centered artificial intelligence (HCAI) has recently become a very popular term with a similar purpose and focuses on the need of bringing the human into the center of the AI design, thus creating systems that provide smart computations that are beneficial to humans, supporting them to achieve their objectives, _\"focusing on enhancing human performance, making systems reliable, safe, and trustworthy\"_[7]. Previously, researchers and developers directed their attention towards developing AI algorithms and systems with an emphasis on the machines' autonomy. Conversely, HCAI focuses on user experience design, putting human users at the center of design thinking. Researchers and developers of HCAI systems measure their success with human performance and satisfaction metrics [8]. Indeed, compared with traditional technologies, AI-based technologies elicit different expectations from a user's perspective. Besides the established principles of human-centered design, there are further important aspects that are peculiar to this type of system and that need to be considered during design, such as transparency, explainability, interpretability, user control vs. system autonomy, fairness, etc. [9]. In the following, we discuss some of the most relevant smart interactive technologies which will characterize the Industry 5.0 scenario. According to [PERSON] [6], what defines an intelligent user interface, which is a term embracing smart interactive technologies as explained above, is the fact that the intelligence can be found:  
* In the user interface(s) of the system, with the purpose of enabling an effective, natural, or otherwise appropriate interaction of users with the system. Examples are human-like communication methods such as speech or gesture [10], multimodal interfaces and smart environments (including IoT- and smart-object-based environments) [11; 12], systems that personalize the modality of interaction to individual users taking into account her/his previous choices and preferences [13], etc. * Behind the user interface, as, for instance, in personalized and not personalized recommender systems [14; 15], i.e., systems that employ intelligent technology to support information retrieval; intelligent learning environments [16]; interface agents/robots that perform complex or repetitive tasks with some guidance from the user [17]; and situated assistance systems that monitor and support a user's daily activities [18], as, for instance, in IoT-based industrial environments [19], etc. In Section 2, we propose examples that can be classified either in the first group, as large displays proposing touch and touchless interaction, virtual and augmented reality, and wearable, tangible user interfaces, or in the second group, as collaborative robots, or in both, as is the case for IoT and smart environments.