## 3 Results and Discussion  
### Flow Field Analysis for Multi-Chamber Model  
#### 3.1.1 Overall Flow Field Distribution  
A CFD simulation was conducted on the multi-chamber model to analyze flow field distribution under typical operating conditions. The bag filter used in this study has a total air handling capacity of 116,900 m\({}^{3}\)/h and a total filtration area of 4702 m\({}^{2}\). Based on these parameters, it can be deduced that the average velocity through the filter is \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Scheme** & \(\Delta K_{qi}\) & \(\Delta\overline{K}_{\zeta}\) & \(\sigma\) & \(\mathbf{C}_{v}\) **(\%)** & \(\overline{v}_{out}\) **(m/s)** \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Original model} & Simulation & 0.9992 & 0.2169 & 0.2516 & 25.23\% & 0.6907 \\  & Experiment & 1.1161 & 0.2311 & 0.2701 & 27.08\% & 0.6361 \\ \cline{1-1}  & Relative error & 11.70\% & 6.56\% & 7.33\% & 7.33\% & 7.89\% \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Airflow uniformity indices and relative errors of the scaled-down original model. Figure 4: Flow field distribution experimental and corresponding simulation models. (**a**) Field picture of flow field distribution experiment; (**b**) corresponding simulation model. 0.414 m/min, so the average filtration air velocity in the simulation was set to 0.414 m/min. Figure 5 illustrates the velocity vectors and velocity contours at the cross-section of the air inlet channel. As shown, the airflow enters the inlet channel of the multi-chamber bag filter at a velocity of 8.45 m/s. As the inlet channel narrows, the inclined deflector directs the airflow, with most of it flowing through the hopper and into the individual filter chambers. Above the inlets of hoppers 1 and 2, some of the airflow is compressed, creating vortices, while the remainder moves forward under the influence of the deflector, eventually reaching hoppers 3 and 4. In order to further analyze the airflow distribution within each chamber, the velocity and pressure distribution contours at key cross-sections of the multi-chamber model were examined, as shown in Figures 6 and 7. From the velocity contours at the R\({}_{5}\) cross-section of each chamber shown in Figure 6a, it is evident that after the airflow enters the hopper's trumpet-shaped inlet, it accelerates and is injected at high velocity due to the constriction and guidance of the channel walls. Upon impact with the hopper wall, part of the airflow rises rapidly along the wall, while another portion forms a distinct vortex within the hopper. This vortex can easily re-entrain settled dust, which then adheres to the filter bag surface, resulting in a rapid increase in filtration resistance. The velocity contours at the R\({}_{1}\) cross-section, which represents the section passing through the filter bags, reveal that higher airflow velocities near the bottom of the filter bags in each chamber contribute to more severe wear, potentially causing bag rupture and significantly reducing dust collection efficiency. Furthermore, the airflow near the filter bags at the inlet is substantially lower than near the outer walls. As a result, the outer filter bags are more likely to be overloaded, while those closer to the inlet hardly bear any load. This imbalance in airflow distribution is primarily caused by the high inlet velocity, which does not allow sufficient time for the airflow to be evenly distributed across the filter bags. Consequently, strong airflow develops in certain areas, leading to the  
Figure 6: Flow field distribution contours at the key cross-sections of each chamber. (**a**) Velocity contours at the R\({}_{1}\) and R\({}_{5}\) cross-section; (**b**) pressure contours at the R\({}_{5}\) cross-section. Figure 7: Flow field distribution contours of cross-sections along the \(Z\)-axis. (**a**) Velocity contours of cross-sections along the \(Z\)-axis; (**b**) pressure contours of cross-sections along the \(Z\)-axis. -channeling phenomenon, where specific filter bags handle more of the airflow while others remain underutilized.