# Performance Assessment and Comparison of Deployment Options for 5G Millimeter Wave Systems
## 4 Numerical Results
### Coverage Metrics  
We now proceed to understand the coverage of the considered deployment options illustrated in Figure 3 for different deployment options and outage probabilities. Here, Figure 2(b) shows the coverage of individual links, while Figure 2(a) presents the full coverage \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt}} \hline \hline
**Scenario** & **Path Loss** & **Shadow Fading** & **Applicable Heights** \\ \hline UMi & (2) & \(\sigma_{SF}=4,\sigma_{NLOS}=7.82\) & \(h_{BS}=10\) m \\ UMa & (3)–(4) & \(\sigma_{SF}=4,\sigma_{NLOS}=6\) & \(h_{BS}=10\) m \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Deployment scenarios. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt}} \hline \hline
**Parameter** & **Value** & **Description** \\ \hline \(\lambda\) & 0.3 units/m\({}^{2}\) & Density of human blockers \\ \(h_{B}\) & 1.7 m & Human blocker height \\ \(r_{B}\) & 0.3 m; & Human blocker radius \\ \(G_{BS}\) & 14.58 dB & eNB antenna gain \\ \(G_{Terr}\) & 14.58 dB & Terrastial re-transmitter gain \\ \(G_{UE}\) & 5.57 dB & User equipment antenna gain \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: _Cont._  
Figure 2: LOS and spectral efficiency as a function of distance. of the considered options. Note that the target end-to-end outage probability is set at \(P_{0}=0.1\) and, thus, for the deployment options in Figure 2(b) involving more than one link, the target outage is set to 0.05. In Figure 2(b) the best coverage is produced by the BS-UAV link, depicted as a blue line. The second best link is the violet direct link BS-UE, closely followed by the green link from the BS to the terrestrial re-transmitter; the links from the terrestrial (bright red) and aerial (light orange) re-transmitters to UE show the lowest coverage. These result in full coverage having a similar order: the best coverage is provided using an aerial re-transmitter with an outage probability of 0.1 (blue line), followed by the same scenario with an outage of 0.01 (red line). However, even with stricter conditions on the outage probability, the aerial IaB still shows better results than a terrestrial aerial for both 0.1 (yellow line) and 0.01 (brown line) outage probabilities. The lowest coverage for both probabilities has a direct connection; however, while under \(P_{0}=0.01\), it is the lowest (brown) plot line, in the case of \(P_{0}=0.1\) (green line), it gives better results than the terrestrial IaB under a stricter outage probability of 0.01. By analyzing the data presented in the former illustration, we observe that the best coverage is provided by the BS-UAV link, with the gains over the second most distant link, the BS-UE link, being of the order of 300%. The rationale is that, in the considered urban deployment conditions, the average height of the building is much greater than the height of the LoS link and, thus, it is limited by LoS path loss only. Note that both links are unaffected by the dynamic human body blockage and, thus, the difference is solely due to building blockage impairments. Figure 4 also presents full coverage (Figure 3(a)) and individual links coverage (Figure 3(b)) for all three considered options. In Figure 3(a), blue lines indicate a link through an aerial relay, yellow lines, a link through a terrestrial relay, while green lines correspond to a direct connection. In Figure 3(b), blue lines indicate a link between BS and the aerial relay, yellow lines, a link from the aerial relay to the UE, green lines, a link between the BS and the terrestrial relay, red lines, a link from the terrestrial relay to the UE, and the violet lines correspond to a direct connection. The numbers on the plots indicate the number of elements used in the antenna arrays on relays or the case of direct connection on the UE. Here, we study the impact of the outage probability on the coverage. It is evident from the figure that, the more elements are used in the antenna array, the higher the impact of the outage probability is.