## 5 Discussion  
The arbitrary dipole-dipole DC configuration is highly advantageous in subsurface investigations for its flexibility in electrode placement, which allows for tailored surveys to fit specific site conditions and objectives. It excels in providing high-resolution images and sensitivity to subtle subsurface variations, essential for detecting small-scale features and  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Borehole** & **Drilling Depth(m)** & **DC Depth(m)** & \\ \hline Z1 & 4.5 & - & \\ \hline Z2 & 5 & 4.5 & Line 1 \\ \hline Z3 & 2.4 & 4.3 & \\ \hline Z4 & 2.2 & 2.2 & \\ \hline Z5 & 2.7 & 2.1 & \\ \hline Z6 & 5.1 & 6.2 & \\ \hline Z7 & 1.4 & - & \\ \hline Z8 & 3.5 & 2.7 & \\ \hline Z9 & 2.8 & 2.4 & \\ \hline Z10 & 5.1 & 5.3 & \\ \hline Z11 & 4.9 & 5 & Line 3 \\ \hline Z12 & 3.7 & 4.1 & \\ \hline Z13 & 1.2 & - & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 1: Layer contrast of bored and DC method.  
delineating geological structures. Its capability to adjust depth of investigation by varying electrode distances enhances its utility in probing deep targets. However, challenges include the complexity of data interpretation due to sensitivity to noise and lateral variations in resistivity, as well as the labor-intensive setup requiring precise electrode placement and connection. Additionally, signal attenuation with increasing electrode distance and sensitivity to electrode contact resistance are factors to consider, influencing data quality particularly in challenging terrains. Despite these challenges, its ability to deliver detailed subsurface images in complex environments, such as urban areas or landslide-prone regions, underscores its value when coupled with rigorous survey design and advanced data processing techniques.  
Various parameters such as electrode spacing, soil moisture content, and rainfall intensity critically influence DC survey results in landslide assessment. Electrode spacing determines the depth resolution versus penetration depth, with smaller spacings offering higher resolutions at shallow depths. Soil moisture content directly impacts resistivity, with wetter soils exhibiting lower resistivity due to increased conductivity from water. Rainfall intensity affects how quickly soil moisture levels change, influencing resistivity readings and providing insights into potential landslide triggers. Understanding these parameters is essential for the accurate interpretation of DC data, enabling the effective assessment of subsurface conditions and early detection of landslide risks.  
The DC method synergizes effectively with traditional landslide assessment techniques such as inclinometers, piezometers, and surface displacement measurements, augmenting their capabilities by providing deeper insights into subsurface dynamics. While conventional methods predominantly focus on surface and near-surface parameters like movement and pore-water pressure, the DC method introduces a crucial dimension through its ability to map subsurface resistivity variations. These variations offer nuanced indications of moisture distribution, material characteristics such as lithology and compaction, and the potential presence of critical slip planes within the geological strata. Integrating DC surveys with traditional assessments enhances the comprehensiveness of slope stability assessments, strengthens early warning systems by detecting precursory changes in subsurface conditions and ultimately supporting more informed decision-making in landslide hazard management. This integrated approach not only broadens the scope of landslide risk assessment, but also underscores the importance of leveraging diverse assessment techniques to mitigate geological hazards effectively.