## 4 Result
### Comprehensive Analysis of Remote-Sensing Interpretation Results
Notably, Figure 2 presents deformation results derived from two different SAR data frames, which show generally consistent outcomes. with distinct boundaries and a sparsely vegetated or bare surface, indicating substantial surface disturbance and possible destructive sliding activity. Further validation using the Google Earth platform (Table 4(c)) confirmed that the landslide predominantly comprises loosely structured loess deposits, exhibiting low resistance to erosion and susceptibility to deformation triggered by rainfall infiltration or groundwater seepage. Combined with InSAR deformation analysis, it is concluded that the landslide is in a sub-stable condition, exhibiting continuous post-event creep deformation and potential for further activation. This integrated analysis illustrates that combining optical remote-sensing and InSAR data effectively captures complementary aspects of landslide deformation characteristics, thereby providing robust scientific support for disaster risk assessment and management;  
Partial agreement between InSAR interpretation and optical remote-sensing results  
Among the identified hazard points, 24 exhibit partial consistency between the InSAR deformation results and the optical remote-sensing interpretations. Landslide hazard point B was selected for detailed analysis. According to InSAR deformation monitoring (Table 4(e)), this area shows extensive surface deformation, reaching a maximum deformation rate of \(-43.41\) mm/a. However, SAR data limitations due to complex topography make it challenging to precisely delineate landslide boundaries; thus, optical remote-sensing data are necessary to clarify deformation extents and sliding characteristics. Through optical image interpretation (Table 4(d)), the basic boundaries of the potential landslide area are clearly defined. Within this area, vegetation is sparse and bare surfaces are exposed, indicating recent ground disturbance and surface instability. These are typical manifestations of active or developing landslide processes, with primary deformation activity appearing to be concentrated in a localized northern area. Additionally, primary deformation activity appears to be concentrated in a localized area in the north, corroborating the InSAR deformation monitoring results. Validation via online platform analysis (Table 4(f)) further confirmed clear sliding evidence at the toe of the landslide and intensified tension-induced deformation and ground cracking at its head, signifying ongoing geological instability. The combined results suggest the slope is approaching critical instability, and further sliding or localized failures may occur under external triggers such as rainfall, seismic events, or human disturbances. Thus, the analysis of landslide hazard point B demonstrates that InSAR effectively detects extensive deformation areas and provides quantitative monitoring, while optical remote sensing excels in boundary delineation and surface morphological assessment. Integrating both methods enhances the precision in assessing landslide development stages and evolution trends, offering crucial scientific evidence for effective landslide hazard management;  
Landslide hazard identified solely by InSAR results  
Among the interpreted hazard points, 88 locations were identified exclusively through InSAR deformation data, representing the most common yet challenging type to verify. Landslide hazard point C was chosen for detailed examination. InSAR analysis (Table 4(h)) revealed relatively clear boundaries with pronounced deformation in the central region, reaching maximum deformation rates of \(-40.88\) mm/a, indicating ongoing steady-state deformation and potential instability. Optical remote-sensing imagery analysis (Table 4(g)) identified the hazard area along a steep riverbank. Several instances of riverbank instability and collapse have been observed in areas adjacent to the river. These geomorphological features indicate that the soil in this region is relatively loose, likely due to prolonged rainfall-induced erosion.