# Airbag Protection and Alerting System for Elderly People
## 1 Introduction  
The proportion and numbers of elderly people have recently increased and are expected to continue to rise in many nations, raising concerns about this potentially vulnerable age group's wellbeing. In developing nations, this demographic transition is occurring at a faster rate. In Jordan, the aged (those over 60) make up roughly 4.6% of the population, compared to a slightly higher 5.6% for the Arab world as a whole. It is anticipated that the percentage will rise to 6.8% in 2025 and 15.3% in 2050 in the Arab world. This increase can be attributed to several components, such as a decline in overall fertility rates, a decline in infant and child mortality rates, an increase in life expectancy, a decline in mortality rates, an improvement in health services, an increase in education levels, particularly among women, improved nutrition, and changes in living conditions [1]. Among the fractures that orthopedic trauma teams see most frequently are hip fractures. Hip fractures in the elderly place a burden on the world's health systems and are a significant public health concern in the majority of nations. According to some statistics, the frequency of hip fractures is anticipated to skyrocket during the following several decades. Planning healthcare strategies requires a thorough understanding of the epidemiology of hip fractures. The average life span of the world's population is rising, more individuals are living into their later years, and many of them are living solo compared to the past. As a result, diseases that appear later in life bear a greater weight on health. Among the most significant consequences of becoming older is osteoporosis. Consequently, it is anticipated that more comorbid persons may experience osteopororotic hip fractures. By 2050, there will be 4.5 million more hip fractures worldwide than there were in 1990 (1.26 million) [2]. Falls can be a serious public health interest for the elderly population globally, as they can reduce mobility, independence, and superior of life if not prevented in time. Falls are a common cause of fatal wounds like hip fractures in older individuals, and if the affected person is incapable of seeking help due to injury or unconsciousness, it is not uncommon for them to go undiscovered for several hours. To address this, systems that detect falls are crucial to observe and prevent the harmful effects of falls. However, many current systems using individual sensors have limited effectiveness due to a high number of incorrect warnings and an inability to protect the elderly if there is a fall. The primary contribution of this work is to design an Arduino-based system that not only detects the falling of the elderly but also provides fall protection through the inflation of an airbag. Moreover, a novel Android mobile application is developed to receive alert notifications and send an SMS to the elderly person's relatives with their location using Android smartphone features. The system prototype is designed with SolidWorks. The airbag can be worn around the waist and it is connected via Bluetooth to an Android mobile device. The fall detection system uses a gravity sensor connected to an Arduino board to detect falls. If a fall is identified, the system activates an air valve to inflate the airbag from an air tank and sends a warning notification to the elderly person's mobile application. The system also uses the GPS on the elderly person's mobile device to determine his/her location and sends an SMS to the emergency contact of choice. Related WorkFor many years, there has been an extensive amount of interest in falls from both a research and business perspective. Several technological methods can be categorized based on the services they provide. These categories are fall detection, fall detection and protection, and tracking the location of the elderly. For instance, for the fall detection category, [3] created a wearable gadget that can wirelessly connect with a laptop or cell phone to dial emergency numbers when falling is detected.