## 3 Results
### Effectiveness of Urban Green Spaces
#### 3.1.2 Range of Variation in Cooling Effects of UGSs for Each Level of SD during the Daytime  
For each level of SD and measurement TP during the daytime, the daily variation in cooling effects of UGSs with meteorological conditions less affected by solar radiation  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Time** & **SVF** & **0.0–0.2** & **0.2–0.4** & **0.4–0.6** & **0.6–0.8** & **0.8–1.0** \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{Less affected by solar radiation} & 9:00 & \(-\)0.836 & \(-\)1.754 & \(-\)2.449 & \(-\)2.111 & \(-\)4.208 \\ \cline{2-7}  & 11:00 & \(-\)0.661 & \(-\)2.722 & \(-\)4.313 & \(-\)5.348 & \(-\)7.426 \\ \cline{2-7}  & 13:00 & \(-\)0.505 & \(-\)3.358 & \(-\)5.197 & \(-\)7.054 & \(-\)9.749 \\ \cline{2-7}  & 15:00 & \(-\)0.936 & \(-\)2.971 & \(-\)4.570 & \(-\)6.143 & \(-\)6.863 \\ \cline{2-7}  & 17:00 & \(-\)0.312 & \(-\)2.267 & \(-\)3.245 & \(-\)3.381 & \(-\)3.833 \\ \cline{2-7}  & T\({}_{\rm min}\)–T\({}_{\rm max}\) & \(-\)0.624 & \(-\)1.604 & \(-\)2.748 & \(-\)4.943 & \(-\)5.916 \\ \cline{2-7}  & A.M. & \(-\)0.749 & \(-\)2.238 & \(-\)3.381 & \(-\)3.730 & \(-\)5.817 \\ \cline{2-7}  & P.M. & \(-\)0.624 & \(-\)2.619 & \(-\)3.908 & \(-\)4.762 & \(-\)5.348 \\ \cline{2-7}  & T\({}_{\rm AM}\)–T\({}_{\rm PM}\) & \(-\)0.125 & 0.381 & 0.527 & 1.033 & \(-\)0.469 \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{Affected by solar radiation} & 9:00 & \(-\)0.025 & \(-\)2.091 & \(-\)4.642 & \(-\)6.426 & \(-\)11.839 \\ \cline{2-7}  & 11:00 & \(-\)1.208 & \(-\)3.819 & \(-\)6.757 & \(-\)9.018 & \(-\)13.704 \\ \cline{2-7}  & 13:00 & \(-\)1.678 & \(-\)4.730 & \(-\)7.510 & \(-\)10.015 & \(-\)13.328 \\ \cline{2-7}  & 15:00 & \(-\)0.775 & \(-\)2.856 & \(-\)4.938 & \(-\)6.743 & \(-\)8.224 \\ \cline{2-7}  & 17:00 & \(-\)1.072 & \(-\)2.444 & \(-\)3.938 & \(-\)5.050 & \(-\)3.887 \\ \cline{2-7}  & T\({}_{\rm min}\)–T\({}_{\rm max}\) & \(-\)1.653 & \(-\)2.639 & \(-\)3.572 & \(-\)4.965 & \(-\)9.817 \\ \cline{2-7}  & A.M. & \(-\)0.617 & \(-\)2.955 & \(-\)5.700 & \(-\)7.722 & \(-\)12.772 \\ \cline{2-7}  & P.M. & \(-\)0.924 & \(-\)2.650 & \(-\)4.438 & \(-\)5.897 & \(-\)6.056 \\ \cline{2-7}  & T\({}_{\rm AM}\)–T\({}_{\rm PM}\) & 0.307 & \(-\)0.305 & \(-\)1.262 & \(-\)1.826 & \(-\)6.716 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 4: Cooling effect (\({}^{\circ}\)C) of urban green space for each spatial density (SD) condition.  
was as follows. The daily variation in cooling effect increased with increasing SVF value: \(-\)0.624 \({}^{\circ}\)C (SVF 0.0-0.2), \(-\)1.604 \({}^{\circ}\)C (SVF 0.2-0.4), \(-\)2.748 \({}^{\circ}\)C (SVF 0.4-0.6), \(-\)4.943 \({}^{\circ}\)C (SVF 0.6-0.8), and \(-\)5.916 \({}^{\circ}\)C (SVF 0.8-1.0). Therefore, a larger SVF value was associated with greater diurnal variation in cooling effects of UGSs during the daytime (Table 4). From the same perspective, the diurnal variation in the cooling effects of UGSs with meteorological conditions affected by solar radiation was as follows. The daily variation in cooling effect increased with increasing SVF value: \(-\)1.653 \({}^{\circ}\)C (SVF 0.0-0.2), \(-\)2.639 \({}^{\circ}\)C (SVF 0.2-0.4), \(-\)3.572 \({}^{\circ}\)C (SVF 0.4-0.6), \(-\)4.965 \({}^{\circ}\)C (SVF 0.6-0.8), and \(-\)9.817 \({}^{\circ}\)C (SVF 0.8-1.0). Therefore, a larger SVF value was associated with greater diurnal variation in the cooling effects of UGSs during the daytime under both meteorological conditions (Table 4).