## 2 Background  
CEA is a local government archive management system in Cilegon City, West Java, Indonesia. It provides the lifecycle of government archives, including their collection, retention, and retrieval. The users of this system consist of 130 archivists from 32 units in Cilegon City. All the users access this  
Figure 1: Map of existing Cilegon E-Archive (CEA) system. system via an internet connection. The CEA system uses centralized architecture, which means all users access one server in order to store applications, data, and uploaded files of digital archives. Figure 2 illustrates the existing concept of the CEA system. The archives come from external systems. In every unit, there are several external systems, such as finance, human resource, and procurement. These systems produce printed documents as output. Based on the Indonesian government's rules, the archivists in all units have to input the data of the printed-out documents. Sometimes the archivists scan and upload the papers into the CEA system. However, because scanners are not available in all units, sometimes archivists only input the data. When they do, they only re-input the data, which are already stored in the external systems. It causes data duplication and human error. For instance, typing mistakes results in mismatches between the data in the external systems and the data in the CEA system. This is a crucial error, and the BPK (Indonesian Government Auditor) must audit the archives periodically. The auditor will inspect the archives in the external systems and the CEA system. The centralized web system uses location-based addressing. It uses the internet protocol (IP) addresses in the uniform resource locators (URLs) to show the location where the data are stored. It does not have a direct relationship with the content of the data. The existing CEA system works on hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP), which downloads files from a single host server in response to requests. Centralized data are easier to deliver and manage. However, it allows any party, such as server administrators and archivists, to access, modify, and even remove data. The problem with location-based addressing occurs when the location is not accessible. If the server is offline, users cannot retrieve the data. Furthermore, the existing CEA system has challenges in three aspects of information security meant to ensure the protection of data [4], as mentioned below:  
* Confidentiality The data and files of archives are stored in a single server, which does not have secured protection, besides requiring login usernames and passwords. The server administrator can access the data and files without permission. There is no monitoring or logging system to control who accesses what. Figure 2: Concept of the existing CEA system. Integrity The CEA system allows users to modify the data of the archives. There is no mechanism to validate the data that are modified. Each archivist is responsible for all archives in his or her unit. However, no one can guarantee whether the modifications tamper with archival integrity. This condition creates vulnerability and can lead to archival forgeries. Availability Data availability is low in a centralized system. When the server is off, all processes stop working. The users cannot send requests to the system, and the system cannot respond to the requests or provide users with the data and information they need. To overcome these challenges, this paper develops a decentralized CEA system by implementing a distributed file system to manage the archives. The files are distributed in several nodes, to address the issue of having a single point of failure problem. This system uses a smart contract to manage the functionality of the application and deploy it on an Ethereum private network. It will keep the archives confidential and safe from unauthorized users. The consensus mechanism in the blockchain validates each transaction before it is committed in a block to maintain archival integrity.