## 4 Conclusions  
This study shows the effect of the grouting mixing ratio and separation distance, between the grouting injection part and the structure, on the amount of structure deposition and the reduction in liquefaction damage. The conclusions of this study are as follows:  
1. The ground reinforcement effect, using grouting, significantly affected the amount of structural subsidence. While the settlement amount of the structure, due to liquefaction, was measured at approximately 8.5 m on the ground without reinforcement, when ground reinforcement was performed through grouting, the smallest value of  
Figure 17: Pore Water Pressure of grouting mixing ratio and separation distance. (**a**) Pore Water Pressure of grouting mixing ratio. (**b**) Pore Water Pressure of separation distance. Figure 18: Relationship between settlement and grouting mixing ratio. the structure was measured at approximately 1.15 m, which reduced the amount of settlement by approximately 84%. 2. A comparison of the reinforcement effect of the separation distance, between the grouting injection part and the structure, showed that the structure subsided up to 5.2 and 1.65 m when there was or was not a separation distance between the grouting injection part and the structure, respectively. The amount of structural subsidence decreased by approximately 73% when there was no separation distance between the grouting injection part and the structure. 3. When there is no separation distance between the grouting injection part and the structure, the grouting chemical penetrates and hardens the ground due to the decrease in the structure settlement amount; this combines with the structure foundation and thus expands the cross-sectional area. As a result, it is thought that the structure's own load is dispersed and the buoyancy against the excess pore water pressure is increased, thereby reducing structure settlement. Based on these results, it is considered that the absence of a separation distance between the grouting injection part and the structure is more effective in suppressing structure settlement. 4. The amount of structure settlement tended to decrease as the grouting mixing ratio increased; however, when the grouting mixing ratio exceeded a certain value, the amount of structure settlement slightly increased. An increase in the grouting, which acted as an additional load on the structure, and the grouting mixing ratio, were considered to increase the amount of settlement in the structure. 5. By comparing the pore water pressure change, according to the grouting chemical mixing ratio and the separation distance between the grouting injection part and the structure, it was confirmed that penetrating the grouting did not significantly affect the suppression of the increase in the pore water pressure. In general, when the ground is reinforced through a high-pressure injection grouting method, the ground is hardened to a deep position in the ground, due to the injected grouting chemical; this suppresses an increase in the pore water pressure during an earthquake. However, unlike the general high-pressure injection grouting method, this study lowers the grouting chemical injection pressure and allows the grouting chemical to penetrate the ground; therefore, the penetration depth of the grouting chemical is smaller than that of the general high-pressure injection grouting method. This seems to cause difficulty in penetrating the grouting chemical into the deep position in the ground, making it difficult to harden the deep ground; for this reason, reinforcing the ground with the penetrating grouting method does not have a significant impact on suppressing the increase in the pore water pressure in the ground. 6. No significant difference was found between the input and the ground acceleration, based on the grouting mixing ratio and the separation distance between the grouting injection point and the structure; therefore, we concluded that there is no significant increase or attenuation in the ground acceleration due to penetration grouting. 7.