## 3 Results and Discussion
### Lipid Composition
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline  & **Fatty Acids** & **Content, \%** \\ \hline Capric & C\({}_{10.0}\) & 0.2 \(\pm\) 0.0 \\ Lauric & C\({}_{12.0}\) & 0.1 \(\pm\) 0.0 \\ Myristic & C\({}_{14.0}\) & 0.1 \(\pm\) 0.0 \\ Palmitic & C\({}_{16.0}\) & 6.0 \(\pm\) 0.05 \\ Palmitoleic & C\({}_{16.1}\) & 0.1 \(\pm\) 0.0 \\ Margaric & C\({}_{17.0}\) & 0.1 \(\pm\) 0.0 \\ Heptadecenoic & C\({}_{17.1}\) & 0.1 \(\pm\) 0.0 \\ Stearic & C\({}_{18.0}\) & 4.3 \(\pm\) 0.04 \\ Oleic & C\({}_{18.1}\) (n-9) & 17.5 \(\pm\) 0.17 \\ Linoleic & C\({}_{18.2}\) (n-6) & 12.5 \(\pm\) 0.12 \\ \(\gamma\)-Linolenic & C\({}_{18.3}\) (n-6) & 0.3 \(\pm\) 0.0 \\ a-Linolenic & C\({}_{18.3}\) (n-3) & 57.5 \(\pm\) 0.55 \\ Arachid & C\({}_{20.0}\) & 0.2 \(\pm\) 0.0 \\ Gadoleic & C\({}_{20.1}\) & 0.2 \(\pm\) 0.0 \\ Eicosadienoic & C\({}_{20.2}\) (n-6) & 0.1 \(\pm\) 0.0 \\ Eicosatrienoic (8,11,14) & C\({}_{20.3}\) (n-6) & 0.2 \(\pm\) 0.0 \\ Eicosatrienoic (11,14,17) & C\({}_{20.3}\) (n-3) & 0.1 \(\pm\) 0.0 \\ Behenic & C\({}_{22.0}\) & 0.1 \(\pm\) 0.0 \\ Lignoecric & C\({}_{24.0}\) & 0.2 \(\pm\) 0.0 \\ Nervonic & C\({}_{24.1}\) & 0.1 \(\pm\) 0.0 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} \({}^{1}\)—Mean \(\pm\) SD (n = 3).  
\end{table} 
Table 1: Fatty acid composition of flaxseed oil \({}^{1}\). Figure 1: GC chromatogram of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) of flaxseed oil. plementary Materials Figure S1. Data are scarce regarding the unsaponifiable matter of flaxseed oil. Its content in the oil was 1.4%. The obtained results for the unsaponifiable matter were higher than those reported for peanut oil (1.0%) and palm kernel oil (1.0%). On the other hand, its quantity was lower than that of corn (2.8%), rapeseed (2.0%), and sesame oil (2.0%). The content of unsaponifiable matter in the surveyed flaxseed oil was similar to sunflower (1.5%), soybean (1.5%), and mustard seed oil (1.5%) [46]. A significant part of unsaponifiable matter consists of sterols. The sterol content of the oil was found to be 0.5%, which differed from the literary data (0.42%) [47]. According to [PERSON] and [PERSON] [10], the sterol content is twice as low--0.23%. The total sterol content depends on the temperature of the environment--an increase in temperature leads to a rise in the sterol content. The individual composition of the sterol fraction was established, where \(\beta\)-sitosterol and stigmasterol were the major components. The main compound of the sterol fraction of flaxseed oil was \(\beta\)-sitosterol. The amount of \(\beta\)-sitosterol in the oil was 75.5%, considerably different from other reports. According to other authors, it is 20.6% [13], 33.6% [11], 40.6% [48], and 50.0% [12]. The quantities of brassicasterol and campesterol were equal. Cholesterol was present in minimal amounts (0.2%) in the oil. The presence of cholesterol \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c} \hline
**Biologically Active Components** & **Content, \%** \\ \hline Unsaponifiable matter, \% of the oil & 1.4 \(\pm\) 0.01 \\ Sterols, \% of the oil & 0.5 \(\pm\) 0.0 \\ \hline \multicolumn{3}{c}{Sterol composition, \% of the sterol fraction} \\ \hline Cholesterol & 0.2 \(\pm\) 0.0 \\ Brassicasterol & 5.9 \(\pm\) 0.05 \\ Campesterol & 5.9 \(\pm\) 0.05 \\ Stigmasterol & 7.2 \(\pm\) 0.07 \\ \(\Delta^{7}\)-campesterol & 4.2 \(\pm\) 0.04 \\ \(\beta\)-sitosterol & 75.5 \(\pm\) 0.70 \\ \(\Delta^{5}\)-avenasterol & 1.1 \(\pm\) 0.01 \\ \hline \multicolumn{3}{c}{Tocopherol, mg/kg in the oil} & 243 \(\pm\) 0.0 \\ \(\gamma\)-tocopherol, \% of total tocopherols & 68 \(\pm\) 0.60 \\ \(\gamma\)-tocotrienol, \% of total tocopherols & 32 \(\pm\) 0.30 \\ \hline \end{tabular} \({}^{1}\)—Mean \(\pm\) SD (n = 3).  
\end{table} 
Table 2: Total content of unsaponifiable matter, sterols, and tocopherols in flaxseed oil \({}^{1}\). Figure 2: Distribution of saturated (SFA), monounsaturated (MUFA), and polyunsaturated (PUFA) fatty acids in the lipid fraction, %. results from the same biosynthetic pathway as that typical for phytosterols (i.e., via cycloartenol as a key intermediate).