## 1 Introduction
### Research Objectives and Research Questions  
The rapid advancement of AI-driven technologies, DT, and the IoT is reshaping the built environment, urban development, and industrial systems. As the demand for sustainable practices and smart systems grows, these technologies offer promising solutions for optimizing energy use, enhancing facility management, and fostering resilient infrastructure. This systematic literature review aims to investigate the scientometric trends and research directions across several key domains: DT in construction and facility management, integrating AI and IoT for energy optimization, and using emerging digital technologies in industry and urban sustainability. By exploring applications in smart cities, zero-energy buildings, heritage preservation, and flood resilience, this study identifies the most influential publications, emerging research clusters, and future opportunities for interdisciplinary collaboration. Through scientometric analysis, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of how these technologies are advancing sustainability and efficiency in urban and industrial contexts. The research questions are as follows: \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Reference** & **Main Objective** & **Year** & & & & & & \\ \hline  & & & **Building** & **AI, DT, and** & & & & & \\  & & **Environment** & **IoT** & **Sustainability** & **Perspectives and** & **SLR** \\  & & **Scope** & **Integration** & & & & & \\ \hline
[28] & Review of DT in & & & & & & & \\  & smart cities. & 2022 & \(\times\) & \(\times\) & \(\surd\) & \(\surd\) & \(\surd\) \\ \hline
[1] & Review of Infrared & & & & & & & \\  & thermography & & & & & & \\  & applications in & 2022 & \(\surd\) & \(\times\) & \(\surd\) & \(\times\) & \(\surd\) \\  & buildings. & & & & & & \\ \hline
[29] & A review of DT & & & & & & & \\  & ensuring healthy & 2023 & \(\surd\) & \(\times\) & \(\times\) & \(\surd\) & \(\times\) \\  & environments. & & & & & & \\ \hline
[8] & A review of & & & & & & \\  & Blockchain & 2023 & \(\surd\) & \(\surd\) & \(\times\) & \(\times\) & \(\surd\) \\  & integrated with DT & & & & & & \\ \hline
[30] & A review of & & & & & & \\  & sustainable building & 2024 & \(\times\) & \(\surd\) & \(\surd\) & \(\times\) & \(\surd\) \\  & through digital & & & & & & \\  & technologies. & & & & & & \\ \hline  & A review for Industry & & & & & & \\  & 4.0 improving & & & & & & \\  & manufacturing & & & & & & \\  & sustainability. & & & & & & \\ \hline
[32] & A review of DT & & & & & & \\  & applications in & 2024 & \(\times\) & \(\times\) & \(\surd\) & \(\times\) & \(\surd\) \\  & construction. & & & & & & \\ \hline
[33] & A review of BIM & & & & & & \\  & evolving into DT & & & & & & \\ \hline
**This paper** & **A systematic review** & & & & & & \\  & **of AI, DT, and IoTs** & **2024** & \(\surd\) & \(\surd\) & \(\surd\) & \(\surd\) & \(\surd\) \\  & **for SBE** & & & & & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Comparison of past review papers. **RQ.1. **_What are the research trends in DT, IoT, and AI for SBE?_  
**RQ.2. **_What are the primary scientometric trends in AI and automation for manufacturing optimization in Industry 4.0?_  
**RQ.3. **_What is the role of IoT and AI integration with Digital Twins in optimizing energy management and zero-energy building design?_  
**RQ.4. **_How is AI-driven Digital Twin technology applied in heritage building maintenance and preservation?_  
**RQ.5. **_What emerging technologies have shown the greatest promise for sustainable building practices and smart urban systems, according to scientometric reviews?_  
**RQ.6. **_How has data management using AI evolved in urban and building systems for optimizing urban sustainability?_  
**RQ.7. **_How have blockchain and cybersecurity measures been implemented in urban digital ecosystems, and what are the key research gaps?_  
**RQ.8. **_What are the leading trends in data-driven approaches to building environment flood resilience, and how have they evolved?_  
**RQ.9.