# Shoot Phenology in _Bambusoideae_: A Review
## 2 Phenological Studies in Bamboo Species
### Phenological Studies in Subtropical/Tropical Bambos
#### 2.3.1 Bambusa
The average temperature during the study period was 21.2 \({}^{\circ}\)C. The shooting period of _B. pervariabilis_ was during early July to the first 10 days of October. The authors observed the duration of the shooting time to be about 90-105 days in total. _B. pervariabilis_ sporuated new shoots from July to October in 1999 [81], while another source mentioned that it shoots from June to July [50]. The growth of _B. pervariabilis_\(\times\)_Dendrocalamopsis daai_ hybrid bamboo was studied from May to December 2017 in Fumin, Shuangjiang and Mile villages, China [44] with an annual average temperature of 15.8 \({}^{\circ}\)C. _B. pervariabilis_\(\times\)_D. daai_ appeared to sprout from the 10 th of June, and growth ceased by the 26 th of September. The fastest shoot growing period was observed between June and August. _B. pervariabilis_\(\times\)_D. daai_ had a 106-day-long shooting period. _B. subaequalis_ was studied at the Botanical Garden in Xiamen, Fujian Province, China, in 1999. The average temperature during the studied period was 21.2 \({}^{\circ}\)C. The shooting period of _B. subaequalis_ was from early July to 1 st of October, and the duration was about 90-102 days in total. _B. tulda_ was also observed for the shoot phenology. The shooting time of _B. tulda_ was found to be from late July to the 10 th of November, a total of 90-120 days. _B. textilis_ was also found to have its shooting period from early July to the 1 st of October with the total days of sprouting ranging from 90 to 105 days [81]. _B. textilis_ var. _gracilis_ was also reported in the same study, and its shooting period was reported to be from early July to early October. The shooting period was 80-115 days in total, while the shooting time of _B. textilis_ var. _gracilis_ was described to be from the middle of June to early October [50]. The shooting time of _B. variostrata_ was observed to be from the last week of May to the last week of November under an average temperature of 18-19 \({}^{\circ}\)C at the banks of the middle and lower reaches of the Yongbu River, China from 1986 to 1989 [58]. The phenology of new culm growth, shedding of the culm sheaths, leafing and maximum leaf fall) of bamboo species, including _B. ventricosa_, was studied from January to December 2005 in Rome, Italy [17]. The mean minimum air temperature of the coldest month (February) was 5.6 \({}^{\circ}\)C, and the mean maximum air temperature of the hottest months (July-August) was 31 \({}^{\circ}\)C. The dry period lasted from May to August (the mean maximum air temperature was 29 \({}^{\circ}\)C). _B. ventricosa_ new culms grew at the beginning of September and the sheath fell from the beginning of December to the end of February. _B. ventricosa_ had its new leaf development in the middle of May, and the maximum expansion occurred at the end of September, while about 50% of old leaves dropped from December to the end of February. The growth of _B. ventricosa_ was studied from May to December, 2017, in Fumin, Shuangjiang and Mile villages, China [44] with an annual average temperature of 15.8 \({}^{\circ}\)C. _B. ventricosa_ started to sprout during the 5 th of May to the 30 th of October, and the fastest shoot growing period of this species was observed between June and August, while the shooting period lasted 175 days. _B. ventricosa_ began to emerge new shoots at the beginning of September in 2005 in Rome, while it started to sprout at the beginning of May 2017 in China. This big difference in shooting time can be explained by the difference in climatic conditions (warm temperate to subtropical at the locations).