## 3 Results and Discussion
### Effect of Immobilization and Freeze-drying on Cell Viability during Storage
#### 3.2.2 Storage at 4 \({}^{\circ}\)C
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c} \hline \multicolumn{6}{l}{**(a) Storage at 4 \({}^{\circ}\)C—_PLaturarum_ B282} \\  & **logcfu** & & & & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**\% Survival**} & & \\  & **d0** & **d40** & **d90** & **d180** & **d40** & **d90** & **d180** \\ \hline  & W & 8.6 \(\pm\) 0.2 & 8.2 \(\pm\) 0.1 & 7.5 \(\pm\) 0.1 & 5.9 \(\pm\) 0.1 & 94.8 \(\pm\) 1.6 & 86.6 \(\pm\) 0.3 & 68.9 \(\pm\) 0.2 \\ zea flakes & FD(ww) & 8.0 \(\pm\) 0.1 & 7.7 \(\pm\) 0.1 & 7.5 \(\pm\) 0.1 & 7.1 \(\pm\) 0.1 & 95.9 \(\pm\) 1.7 & 93.4 \(\pm\) 0.1 & 88.5 \(\pm\) 1.2 \\  & FD & 8.3 \(\pm\) 0.1 & 8.2 \(\pm\) 0.1 & 8.2 \(\pm\) 0.1 & 7.7 \(\pm\) 0.1 & 99.3 \(\pm\) 0.1 & 98.9 \(\pm\) 0.1 & 92.5 \(\pm\) 0.5 \\ pistachios & FD(ww) & 8.4 \(\pm\) 0.1 & 8.1 \(\pm\) 0.1 & 8.0 \(\pm\) 0.1 & 7.3 \(\pm\) 0.1 & 97.0 \(\pm\) 0.6 & 95.3 \(\pm\) 0.4 & 86.9 \(\pm\) 0.7 \\ pistachios & FD(ww) & 8.3 \(\pm\) 0.1 & 7.3 \(\pm\) 0.1 & 7.2 \(\pm\) 0.1 & 6.5 \(\pm\) 0.1 & 88.4 \(\pm\) 0.7 & 87.6 \(\pm\) 0.2 & 78.6 \(\pm\) 0.4 \\  & FD & 8.5 \(\pm\) 0.1 & 7.9 \(\pm\) 0.2 & 7.7 \(\pm\) 0.1 & 7.1 \(\pm\) 0.1 & 92.8 \(\pm\) 2.0 & 90.9 \(\pm\) 0.1 & 83.9 \(\pm\) 0.2 \\  & W & 8.5 \(\pm\) 0.1 & 5.2 \(\pm\) 0.1 & 2.8 \(\pm\) 0.1 & \(<\)1 & 60.9 \(\pm\) 1.0 & 33.1 \(\pm\) 1.6 & NC \\ raisins & FD(ww) & 7.4 \(\pm\) 0.1 & 6.1 \(\pm\) 0.1 & 4.1 \(\pm\) 0.1 & 4.1 \(\pm\) 0.1 & 82.1 \(\pm\) 1.1 & 56.0 \(\pm\) 1.3 & 55.1 \(\pm\) 1.3 \\  & FD & 8.0 \(\pm\) 0.1 & 7.0 \(\pm\) 0.1 & 5.0 \(\pm\) 0.1 & 4.4 \(\pm\) 0.2 & 87.2 \(\pm\) 0.7 & 62.4 \(\pm\) 0.4 & 55.5 \(\pm\) 2.2 \\  & W & 9.6 \(\pm\) 0.1 & 3.9 \(\pm\) 0.1 & 1.1 \(\pm\) 0.1 & \(<\)1 & 41.1 \(\pm\) 0.6 & 11.0 \(\pm\) 0.8 & NC \\ free cells & FD(ww) & 8.4 \(\pm\) 0.1 & 8.3 \(\pm\) 0.1 & 6.4 \(\pm\) 0.1 & 6.3 \(\pm\) 0.1 & 98.5 \(\pm\) 0.1 & 76.5 \(\pm\) 0.7 & 75.4 \(\pm\) 0.9 \\  & FD & 10.8 \(\pm\) 0.1 & 10.7 \(\pm\) 0.1 & 9.8 \(\pm\) 0.1 & 9.6 \(\pm\) 0.1 & 98.8 \(\pm\) 0.4 & 90.6 \(\pm\) 0.6 & 88.5 \(\pm\) 0.3 \\ \hline \multicolumn{6}{l}{**(b) Storage at 4 \({}^{\circ}\)C—_PL acidilactici_ SK} \\  & **logcfu** & & & & & **\% Survival** & & \\  & **d0** & **d40** & **d90** & **d180** & **d40** & **d90** & **d180** \\ \hline  & W & 9.0 \(\pm\) 0.1 & 8.6 \(\pm\) 0.1 & 7.9 \(\pm\) 0.1 & 6.9 \(\pm\) 0.1 & 96.4 \(\pm\) 1.1 & 87.9 \(\pm\) 0.4 & 76.9 \(\pm\) 0.3 \\ zea flakes & FD(ww) & 8.3 \(\pm\) 0.1 & 8.2 \(\pm\) 0.1 & 8.2 \(\pm\) 0.1 & 8.1 \(\pm\) 0.1 & 99.6 \(\pm\) 0.2 & 99.1 \(\pm\) 0.9 & 98.2 \(\pm\) 1.2 \\  & FD & 9.0 \(\pm\) 0.1 & 8.7 \(\pm\) 0.1 & 8.6 \(\pm\) 0.1 & 8.6 \(\pm\) 0.1 & 95.7 \(\pm\) 0.5 & 95.3 \(\pm\) 0.1 & 95.1 \(\pm\) 0.1 \\  & W & 9.0 \(\pm\) 0.1 & 9.0 \(\pm\) 0.1 & 8.7 \(\pm\) 0.1 & 8.0 \(\pm\) 0.1 & 99.8 \(\pm\) 0.2 & 96.6 \(\pm\) 0.1 & 89.1 \(\pm\) 1.5 \\ pistachios & FD(ww) & 8.5 \(\pm\) 0.1 & 8.5 \(\pm\) 0.1 & 8.5 \(\pm\) 0.1 & 8.5 \(\pm\) 0.1 & 99.9 \(\pm\) 0.1 & 99.8 \(\pm\) 0.1 & 99.7 \(\pm\) 0.3 \\  & FD & 9.0 \(\pm\) 0.1 & 9.0 \(\pm\) 0.1 & 9.0 \(\pm\) 0.1 & 8.9 \(\pm\) 0.1 & 100.1 \(\pm\) 0.1 & 99.9 \(\pm\) 0.1 & 99.3 \(\pm\) 0.1 \\  & W & 8.8 \(\pm\) 0.1 & 7.2 \(\pm\) 0.1 & 5.4 \(\pm\) 0.1 & \(<\)1 & 82.2 \(\pm\) 1.5 & 61.7 \(\pm\) 1.3 & NC \\ raisins & FD(ww) & 7.4 \(\pm\) 0.1 & 6.7 \(\pm\) 0.1 & 6.5 \(\pm\) 0.1 & 5.8 \(\pm\) 0.1 & 91.4 \(\pm\) 1.7 & 88.5 \(\pm\) 2.0 & 78.4 \(\pm\) 0.7 \\  & FD & 8.0 \(\pm\) 0.2 & 7.2 \(\pm\) 0.1 & 7.0 \(\pm\) 0.1 & 6.6 \(\pm\) 0.1 & 90.3 \(\pm\) 1.0 & 87.5 \(\pm\) 0.4 & 82.4 \(\pm\) 0.7 \\  & W & 9.7 \(\pm\) 0.1 & 5.9 \(\pm\) 0.1 & 1.3 \(\pm\) 0.1 & \(<\)1 & 61.1 \(\pm\) 0.2 & 13.8 \(\pm\) 0.6 & NC \\ free cells & FD(ww) & 9.1 \(\pm\) 0.1 & 9.0 \(\pm\) 0.1 & 9.1 \(\pm\) 0.1 & 8.1 \(\pm\) 0.1 & 99.7 \(\pm\) 0.1 & 99.3 \(\pm\) 0.1 & 88.8 \(\pm\) 0.4 \\  & FD & 11.1 \(\pm\) 0.1 & 11.4 \(\pm\) 0.1 & 11.2 \(\pm\) 0.1 & 11.1 \(\pm\) 0.1 & 98.8 \(\pm\) 0.4 & 98.1 \(\pm\) 0.2 & 97.0 \(\pm\) 0.3 \\ \hline \multicolumn{6}{l}{**(c) Storage at 4 \({}^{\circ}\)C—_PLaturarum_ F4**} \\  & **logcfu** & & & & **\% Survival** & & \\  & **d0** & **d4 Our results were in agreement with other studies. Loads of freeze-dried immobilized _L.