## 1 Introduction  
Photosynthesis is a crucial physiological process whereby plants convert solar energy into chemical energy through a series of complex metabolic reactions, forming the basis for plant growth and development [1]. Light is the only energy source and the most important environmental factor driving plant photosynthesis [2]. The sunlit and shaded leaves of plants can considerably differ in their relative composition of photosynthetic pigments, electron carriers, and photosynthetic rates [3; 4; 5], e.g., a higher chlorophyll a/b ratio, lower level of light-harvesting LHCII, and lower stacking degree of thylakoids are adaptations for high rates of photosynthetic quantum conversion in sun-type plants; however, the reverse is true for shade-type plants [6]. The photosynthetic activities of leaves, particularly the differences in net photosynthetic rates between sun and shade leaves, have primarily been determined by constructing the photosynthesis-light response curve [7], providing parameters in terms of the plant light compensation point, light saturation point, maximum net photosynthetic rate, apparent quantum efficiency, photorespiration rate, etc. [8]. Light is the only source of energy for higher plants and is an important factor affecting chlorophyll content and photosynthesis. The difference in light intensity received by leaves will directly affect plant growth and development and structural characteristics. Chlorophyll is the main absorber of light energy, which directly affects the light energy utilization of vegetation photosynthesis [9]. Under low-light conditions, the photopigment content of leaves, especially chlorophyll b (Chlb) content, will increase. Additionally, Chlb can effectively absorb low light and enhance the ability of leaves to capture light. In general, the presence of Chlb in shaded leaves of the same plant facilitates the absorption of blue-violet and orange light from diffused light in shaded environments, and the presence of positive and shaded leaves in the same plant indicates the ecological adaptation of the leaves to different light intensity environments. The relative content of photopigment proteins in photosynthetic units in plant leaves increases under low light because Chlb is mainly found in photopigment proteins; therefore, the increase in the relative content of Chlb in chlorophyll may be related to the increase in the relative content of photopigment proteins [10]. _Aglonema commutativity_ is a rhizomatous, evergreen perennial species belonging to the Araceez family that produces large, attractive, and distinctly marbled foliage colored silvery-white and green or red [11; 12]. It is typically referred to as Chinese evergreen, a shade-tolerant plant that is extensively cultivated as a household because of its attractive, often variegated foliage in vivid colors that differ among cultivars, especially due to its ability to survive under low irradiance conditions [13; 14]. In recent years, _A. commutativity_ 'Red' cultivars have been widely used in interior decorations and as courtyard ornamental plants because of their unique red hue and low/high irradiance bi-adaptation [13]. This phenomenon has considerable ornamental implications for the market value of the plants. Most studies on _A. commutatum_ have focused on tissue culture [15; 16; 17], stress resistance, breeding [18], and interspecies genetic relationships at the physio-biochemical level. However, relatively few studies have examined the mechanisms underlying leaf color variations. Nonetheless, limited research into the relationship between'red' pigments and irradiance bi-adaptation hampers the deep understanding of pigmentation-light interactions in red _A. commutatum_. In this study, three red _A. commutatum_ cultivars differing in red hue coverage were selected: Redder valentine, Tianshi, and Big apple; a green cultivar, Feicui, was also included as control.