## 1 Introduction  
In the context of climate change and increasingly stringent requirements for sustainable development, the logistics industry plays an important role in minimizing environmental impacts and creating long-term value [1]. In addition, logistics companies are under pressure to reduce CO\({}_{2}\) emissions, better manage resources, and meet the stringent requirements of international and domestic environmental regulations [2]. Furthermore, sustainable strategies not only help logistics businesses improve operational efficiency but also contribute to environmental protection and promote economic development. In addition, sustainable strategies help businesses save costs, optimize transportation, and distribution processes, thereby increasing profits [3]. For example, adopting renewable energy technology, using green vehicles, or optimizing transportation routes helps save fuel, reduce equipment wear and tear, and increase vehicle life. This not only helps businesses reduce operating costs but also improves long-term operational efficiency [4]. Recent studies have shown that implementing sustainable strategies not only helps businesses reduce their negative environmental impact but also enhances brand reputation and competitive advantage. According to a study by [PERSON] et al. [5], adopting sustainable strategies creates a positive brand image and helps build customer loyalty. Consumers are increasingly concerned about the environment and tend to choose brands that are committed to sustainable development. In addition, research by [PERSON] et al. [6] has shown that businesses that successfully apply sustainability strategies are often able to attract many new customers, especially young and environmentally conscious consumers. This brings a strong competitive advantage, as businesses not only reach a highly conscious customer group but also build long-term trust, thereby strengthening their competitive position in the market. Moreover, applying sustainability strategies in the logistics sector not only helps businesses meet the expectations of stakeholders but also enhances their adaptability and contributes to the sustainable development of the industry [7]. In the context of climate change, natural disasters, and market fluctuations, applying sustainable strategies helps logistics businesses build flexibility and the ability to respond to potential risks. Sustainable strategies such as using modern technology, optimizing supply chain management, and training human resources help businesses adapt quickly to market changes and ensure stability [8]. However, implementing sustainable strategies in the logistics sector faces many challenges, including high investment costs, a lack of uniform standards and regulations, and competitive pressure from rivals. The cost of investing in green technology and infrastructure is a major obstacle, especially for small- and medium-sized enterprises [9]. Research by [PERSON] et al. [10] has shown that financial barriers are one of the main factors that hinder the adoption of sustainable strategies. In addition, the lack of uniform standards and regulations across countries also makes it difficult to adopt a common sustainability strategy. To transition to sustainable strategies, businesses need to change their entire supply chain management processes and systems, which takes time and resources [11]. Furthermore, the lack of specialized human resources in new technologies, such as artificial intelligence and blockchain, is also a challenge [12]. Finally, competitive pressure from rivals who do not implement sustainable strategies further exacerbates these difficulties, forcing businesses to carefully consider the costs and benefits of implementing sustainable measures in their operations [13]. In the increasingly complex landscape of logistics and supply chain management, the need for Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) has become more evident than ever.