## 1 Introduction  
Renewable energy sources are constitutionally non-active sources. Because of that, energy storage is one of the most convenient ways to continue to utilize the energy source when the energy source is not active. Furthermore, there is critical inconsistency between supply and demand in energy use. Therefore, different energy consumption tariffs (peak period, non-peak period, daytime etc.) are applied when using energy resources. Energy storage systems can also be used to translocate energy needs during periods when energy consumption is intense and expensive, as energy use is not intense and is cheaper. All types of energy can be stored. Acar has conducted a comparison and rating study among the types of energy storage [1]. It highlighted that thermal energy storage is an extensively used and harvested type among the types of energy storage. One of the most critical factors in the widespread use of thermal energy storage from past to present is the production and consumption of most of the global energy used as heat. Many operations of thermal energy storage have been made and improved from past to present. The thermal properties of horizontal HWT were studied by [PERSON] et al. [2]. They enhanced an experimental model of a horizontal mantled HWT for assessing the heat transfer in the inner tank and the flow patterns in the circinate passageways. [PERSON] and [PERSON] created a TRNSYS model for a solar household hot water system that equated to a horizontal mantled hot water tank [3]. The results of the experiments supported the proposed model. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [4] improved a one-dimensional numerical model to define the temperature distribution horizontal HWT. They claimed that based on the analysis in the vertical direction, the temperature in the axial and radial directions may be overlooked. Additionally, it was discovered that the vertical distribution in the middle of the tank could be used to calculate the average temperature of the hot water held there. [PERSON] conducted an experimental and numerical investigation on the thermal performance of a horizontal cylindrical tank [5]. They measured the tank's temperature distribution under various operation circumstances. Additionally, they updated the one-dimensional numerical model and verified it using experimental results. [PERSON] et al. conducted another investigation using an experimental setup to determine the impact of hot water consumption on temperature distribution in horizontal HWT [6]. They looked into factors influencing thermal stratification in the horizontal HWT and stated that in order to fulfill the necessary load at the necessary temperature during the winter, horizontal HWT had to solely use an electric heater. [PERSON] and [PERSON] modeled a thermosyphon solar water heating system [7]. They used TRNSYS to validate the simple model and conducted an experiment to validate their model. Using the particle image velocimetry approach, [PERSON] et al. conducted experimental research to describe the flow characteristics in rectangular horizontal mantled HWT [8]. They developed a numerical model to forecast heat transfer. [PERSON] et al. refined a model to define the heat transport in horizontal mantled HWT. In order to determine the net transfer rate, they provided the average Nusselt number correlation, which could be applied to various geometrical and boundary circumstances [9]. The impact of positioning obstructions perpendicular to the direction of flow into a horizontal hot water tank was experimentally examined by [PERSON] and [PERSON] [10]. According to the study's findings, the thermal performance of hot water tanks is enhanced when the obstruction is positioned perpendicular to the direction of flow and has a horizontal mantle. In horizontal hot water tanks, [PERSON] et al. investigated the impact of positioning two obstructions parallel to the flow direction [11].