# Parameter Analysis of Resilient Precast Concrete Beam-Column Joints
## 1 Introduction
[18] proposed a friction damper for prestressed precast concrete beam-column joint connections, and their experimental results proved that the damper could provide a considerable additional energy dissipation capacity, and the damage caused by self-centering hinges at the end of concrete beams was very severe, making it difficult to repair after the earthquake. [PERSON] et al. [19] proposed a replaceable graded yielding energy-dissipating connector (RGEC), which was arranged at the beam end to dissipate and transfer the beam end loads through steel hinges. The results showed that the graded yielding design could adapt to different seismic risks and achieved the desired seismic design. [PERSON] et al. [20] proposed a novel hybrid beam-column joint with energy-dissipating connectors plates and I-beam connectors to connect the beams and columns. The test results showed that the damage mode of the hybrid joint was typical of the bending mode, the hysteretic response was stable, and the seismic performance was good. The connection could effectively transfer the plastic hinge to the connection region and reduced the damage and stiffness degradation caused by the energy dissipation of the connection plate and the tensile deformation capacity of the steel fibers. [PERSON], [PERSON] et al. [8] proposed a novel connector characterized by the Bearing Two-Stage Yield Energy Dissipation (BTED) mechanism for joining PC beams and columns for the development of fully PC framed structures. This mechanism was achieved through the successive yielding of high-strength steels in the BTED connector. The proposed BTED connector joints were characterized by good damage control, a high load-carrying capacity, a high energy dissipation capacity and fast repair after earthquakes. [PERSON] et al. [21] conducted low-cycle loading tests on corrugated dampers and investigated a series of metal dampers suitable for post-earthquake recoverable beam-column joints, and the tests proved that the devices were very effective in optimizing the joints' load-carrying capacity and energy dissipation mechanisms. [PERSON], [PERSON] et al. [22] proposed a new metal-friction hybrid damper (MFHD) consisting of metal and friction components connected in series to achieve staged energy dissipation under multi-magnitude earthquakes. The hysteretic performance, energy dissipation capacity and deformation behavior were investigated through cyclic loading tests, which demonstrated that the MFHD contributed to the overall safety and resilience of buildings and infrastructure by mitigating structural damage and reducing the response during earthquakes. Researchers have successively developed a variety of external energy dissipation devices, including frictional devices [23], metallic yield dampers [24], shape memory alloy (SMA) dampers [25] and viscoelastic dampers [26]. Among these, metal is widely used due to its stable hysteretic behavior, excellent fatigue resistance and economic efficiency. Scholars have developed various types of metal dampers, including strip dampers with shear and bending yield mechanisms [27], buckling-restrained braces with an axial tension-compression yield mechanism [28] and torsion dampers with a torsion yield mechanism [29]. In order to enhance the seismic performance and post-earthquake recovery capability of precast concrete structures, a targeted solution is the installation of replaceable energy dissipation devices. [PERSON] et al. [30] proposed a friction-type metallic damper as an energy dissipation device for a unbonded prestressed precast concrete frame structure. The friction dampers were placed at the beam ends, and during a large earthquake, gaps were created at the joints between the precast concrete beams and columns. The friction dampers used these gaps to enable sliding at the friction interface, dissipating energy for the frame. [PERSON] et al. [31] proposed a replaceable energy dissipation device with cruciform steel and H-shaped steel pre-embedded into the precast columns and beams, which were connected by bolts.