esa-sceva/satcom-chunk-collection huggingface dataset:
## 4 Discussion
### Balance Confidence  
The findings of this research also demonstrated that stronger balance confidence in everyday tasks was associated with better verbal fluency and language skills but not with overall cognitive function. As far as we are aware, no prior studies explored the association between balance confidence and global cognition, and the dimensions of verbal fluency and language in healthy older individuals. Notably, a recent study [49] investigated such associations in aged individuals with MCI attributed to Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Several cognitive tests were administered to a sample of individuals aged over 60 years, with some of these tests overlapping with the assessments used in the present research. In contrast, the research paper by [PERSON] et al. [49] reported a significant positive correlation only within the Alzheimer's group between performance on the MMSE test and balance confidence. The differences in characteristics between our study sample and that of [PERSON] et al. [49] may have contributed to the divergent findings, as older individuals with Alzheimer's disease often have impaired perception of danger or incapacity [49].  
In this context, current literature in healthy older adults [50] primarily investigates balance confidence in relation to physical function and does not explicitly focus on its relationship with cognitive function. Exploring this connection in future research may provide valuable insights into these outcomes and help elucidate the link between the perception of subjective balance and cognition.
## 2 Notation and Background
### Riemannian Manifolds and Lie Groups  
Let \(M\) be a finite-dimensional smooth manifold of dimension \(d\). \(M\) can be endowed with a Riemannian metric tensor, i.e., a family of inner products \(\{(\cdot,\cdot)_{x}\}_{x\in M}\) defined on each tangent space \(T_{x}M\). The Riemannian metric tensor gives rise to a distance function between points in \(M\). The tangent space is locally diffeomorphic with an open subset of \(M\). The Riemannian exponential map \(\text{Exp}_{x}\colon T_{x}M\to M\) provides this local diffeomorphism. On the subset of \(M\) where \(\text{Exp}_{x}\) is a diffeomorphism, the inverse Riemannian exponential map, also called the Riemannian logarithm map, \(\text{Log}_{x}\colon M\to T_{x}M\) is defined. The Riemannian distance function can then be defined in terms of the Riemannian inner product as \(d(x,y)=\|\text{Log}_{x}(y)\|_{x}\). The Riemannian logarithm map plays an important role when defining guided bridges on manifolds.  
Let \(X\) be a vector field on \(M\) assigning to each point \(X\in M\) a tangent vector \(X(x)\in T_{x}M\). A connection \(\
abla\) on a manifold is an operation that allows us to compare neighboring tangent spaces and define derivatives of vector fields along other vector fields, that is, if \(Y\) is another vector field, then \(\
abla_{X}Y\) is the derivative of \(Y\) along \(X\) (also known as the covariant derivative of \(Y\) along \(X\)). A connection also gives a notion of \"straight lines\" in manifolds, also known as geodesics. A curve \(\gamma\) is a geodesic if the vector field along \(\gamma\) is parallel to itself, i.e., if \(\
abla_{\dot{\gamma}_{t}}\dot{\gamma}_{t}=0\). The geodesic curves are locally length minimizing.  
Generalizing the Euclidean Laplacian operator, the Laplace-Beltrami operator is defined as the divergence of the gradient, \(\Delta_{M}f=\operatorname{div}\operatorname{grad}f\). In terms of local coordinates \((x_{1},\dots,x_{d})\), the expression for the Laplace-Beltrami operator becomes  
\[\Delta_{M}f=\det(g)^{-1/2}\left(\frac{\partial}{\partial x_{j}}g^{ji}\det(g)^{ 1/2}\frac{\partial}{\partial x_{i}}\right)f, \tag{2}\]  
where \(\det(g)\) denotes the determinant of the Riemannian metric \(g\) and \(g^{ij}\) are the coefficients of the inverse of \(g\). (2) can be written as  
\[\Delta_{M}f=a^{ij}\frac{\partial}{\partial x_{i}}\frac{\partial}{\partial x_{j }}f+b^{j}\frac{\partial}{\partial x_{j}}f, \tag{3}\]  
where \(a^{ij}=g^{ij},b^{k}=-g^{ij}\Gamma^{k}_{ij}\), and \(\Gamma\) denote the Christoffel symbols of the Riemannian metric.
## 1 Introduction
### Mixed Reality  
Combining the IoT system with MR technology, the environmental parameters of the site intended for simulation can be caught accurately, which is beneficial to the development of an immersive situation for OSH training. Another advantage is that the operator's condition can be monitored for data analysis and a better case study. With the growing trend and popularity of mixed reality (MR), augmented reality (AR), and virtual reality (VR), the confusion about the divergence between these three innovative technologies is rising correspondingly. Although all of these immersive techniques have common properties, they are different. To better comprehend MR, AR, and VR and their interrelationship, the term the continuum is used. This is bounded by an authentic environment that means the real world and an entirely virtual environment such as VR with augmented reality (AR) and augmented virtuality (AV). MR is defined as everything between real and virtual environments. AR is merely a subclass of MR, and VR cannot be counted as a portion of MR. MR is the acronym for mixed reality. Simply speaking, MR is an integration of AR and VR [55; 56]. It combines digital and real worlds to unblock the linkage between human, computer, and environment interaction [57; 58; 59; 60; 61; 62; 63]. Users are enabled to communicate with digital items placed in the physical world in real-time. Moreover, the virtual objects will respond to users as real things [15; 55; 64]. MR should be counted as the latest immersive technology among the three. For example, the information about a surgical room is embedded in the actual scene. By adopting MR technology, users can interact with the data using a surgical device. Conducting simulated surgeries repeatedly allows the surgeon to prepare backup solutions when minimizing the chance of accidents occurring and encountering related accidents. MR acts as a new tool that can provide an opportunity to expand educational and training methodologies. As an immature technology in the early stage, MR has some limitations. To experience MR, equipment, such as an MR headset for a credible and three-dimensional experience is needed. However, head-mounted display devices, such as the headset, HoloLens, and Google Glasses, restrain or even stop the head movement of users. Thus, devoting more efforts to MR development and upgrading the functionalities of wearable devices are the prerequisites for improving the immersive user experience.
## 5 Conclusions  
IoT is still a new research area that requires development, especially in terms of communication reliability. In this article, we review and classify DTN routing protocols. We also present a comparative survey of various DTN solutions for IoT and we propose a new classification for these solutions. We highlight used technologies in each solution and compare them based on IoT constraints.  
The majority of existing solutions are targeted for particular environments or contexts and do not exploit existing DTN and IoT standards; more standardization efforts are needed in this research field. Besides, most solutions target improving delivery and to a less extent, resource consumption while the heterogeneity and scalability are still major problems facing communication in IoT.  
We aim to motivate researchers with this article, to start in this evolving research field with a better understanding. In future works, we will propose a solution for communication reliability in IoT using DTN approach. We will exploit DTN and IoT existing standards in both categories, BP-based (DTN architecture) and DTN routing without losing focus on the potential opportunity to explore X-DTN category. The latter combines delay tolerant schemes with other technologies which have common characteristics with IoT (Fog Computing, ICN, Opportunistic Networks, etc.).
## 2 Computational Model and Numerical Algorithm  
### Computational Model  
The benchmark three-dimensional wing and flap configuration is investigated in the current study, which was conducted in the same manner as the one studied experimentally by Aviation Industry Corporation of China Aerodynamics Research Institute (ARI). The experiment was performed in a 0.5 m anechoic wind tunnel, and the details about the wind tunnel were listed in Table 1.  
The full and detailed geometric model are sketched in Figure 1. The model is made up of NACA 0012 airfoils. The main wing is split at the max camber position and lengthened to 600 mm, while the chord length of the flap is 100 mm. The flow is three-dimensional in the (_x_, \(y\), _z_) plane, where \(x\) is the freestream flow direction, \(y\) is the vertical flow direction, and \(z\) is the spanwise direction. _x_flap and _y_flap are coordinates of flap leading point  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c} \hline Test Section & 0.5 m (M) & 0.375 m (H) \\ \hline Maximum wind speed & 85 m/s (Open Jet), 100 m/s (Closed) \\ \hline Anechoic chamber & 4 m (M) & 2.6 m (H) & 3.9 m (L) \\ \hline Background noise & 74.8 dBA (80 m/s, 1.5 m from wind tunnel centerline) \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 1: Performance parameters of 0.5 m anechoic wind tunnel.  
As shown in Figure 2, the model was installed in the middle of the side plates. The height of the plate is 375 mm (same as the test section), and the side plate is 900 mm wide and 970 mm long. The 63-channel phased array was utilized for far field directivity analysis. It is multispiral, and it has a radius of 1m. In the experiment, the phased array was placed 1.8 m away from the wind tunnel centerline.  
The boundary conditions of the numerical simulation are obtained according to the experiment. The velocity of the freestream flow is \(U_{\infty}\) = 50 m/s, the freestream temperature is \(T_{\infty}\) = 300 K, and the static pressure is \(P_{\infty}\) =101,325 Pa. The periodic conditions are set to the spanwise boundaries. The spanwise length is set as 0.4 chord length of the flap, which is 40 mm.
# Non-Probabilistic Reliability Analysis of Slopes Based on Fuzzy Set Theory
## 6 Conclusions  
By combining fuzzy set theory and the non-probabilistic reliability method based on the ellipsoidal model, a non-probabilistic reliability analysis method for the slope which can consider the fuzzy uncertainty of geotechnical parameters was proposed in this paper. And the following conclusions were drawn. First, compared with the fuzzy point estimation method, the non-probabilistic reliability method can avoid the interval expansion problem and also analyze the whole interval, thus the obtained results are more reasonable. Furthermore, the feasibility of the method was verified through the example analysis. Combining the fuzzy set theory with the non-probabilistic reliability method and applying it to slope engineering extends the application field of non-probabilistic theory and provides a new feasible solution for slope stability analysis. Additionally, both the non-probabilistic reliability indexes and failure degrees of the slope at each cut set level and the overall failure degree of the slope can be calculated by the proposed method. The calculation results of non-probabilistic reliability indexes and failure degrees of the slope are affected by the type of fuzzy numbers, the value of the shape parameter in the fuzzy affiliation function, and the allowable safety factor of the slope. Finally, when using the  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c} \hline \hline
**Non-Probabilistic Reliability Indexes** & **Failure Degrees** \\ \hline
0.449–0.499 & 0.2008–0.2371 \\
0.500–0.599 & 0.1345–0.2008 \\
0.600–0.699 & 0.0786–0.1345 \\
0.700–0.799 & 0.0389–0.0786 \\
0.800–0.899 & 0.0098–0.0389 \\
0.900–0.999 & 0–0.0098 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} The minimum value of the non-probabilistic reliability index for this slope is 0.449.  
\end{table}
Table 4: Distribution ranges of non-probabilistic reliability indexes and their corresponding failure degrees.  
non-probabilistic reliability method to analyze slope stability, it is recommended that a specific value of failure degree (which is determined according to the actual requirements of the project) should be used as the judgment standard of the slope stability state to avoid over-conservative results.  
In this paper, we consider the soil to be homogeneous because the focus of this study is to consider the fuzziness of the soil parameters, but in fact the spatial variability of the soil is important, which will be considered in a future study.  
Conceptualization, S.S.; methodology, J.Q.; software, J.Q.; formal analysis, W.G. and Z.Y.; investigation, K.P.; resources, S.S. and W.G.; data curation, K.P.; writing--original draft preparation, J.Q.; writing--review and editing, S.S. and W.G.; supervision, S.S. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
This research was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 52008319).  
Not applicable.  
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
## Abbreviations  
\begin{tabular}{l l l l} \(a_{()}\) & vector of pointing & \(v_{0}\) & target turning flight velocity \\ \(\overline{D}\) & horizontal distance & \(W_{\text{d}}\) & wind disturbance \\ \(D_{\text{a}}\) & antenna diameter & \(\underline{X_{\text{B}}}\) & unit vector of UAV's X-axis \\ \(f_{\text{A}}\) & control frequency of antenna drive & \(\underline{Z_{\text{op}}}\) & \(\underline{Z}\) element of \(\underline{X_{\text{B}}}\times\underline{a_{\text{B,xy}}}\) \\ \(H\) & flight altitude & \(a\) & ratio of radius and altitude \\ \(H_{()()}\) & the converted block elements & \(\beta\) & ratio of horizontal distance and altitude \\ \(I_{()()}\) & moment or product of inertia & \(\theta\) & pitch angle of UAV attitude \\ \(K_{\text{B}}\) & ratio of fluctuation beam to drive & \(\theta_{\text{am}}\) & antenna pointing accuracy \\ \(L\) & moment of X body axis & \(\theta_{()}\) & elevation angle \\ \(M\) & moment of Y body axis & \(\Delta\theta_{()}\) & control error of elevation \\ \(N\) & moment of Z body axis & \(\lambda\) & interference factor \\ \(\underline{n_{\text{B}}}\) & unit vector of UAV's Z-axis & \(\sigma\) & standard deviation of sensor noise \\ \(\overline{p}\) & angular velocity of X axis & \(\sigma_{\text{A}()}\) & standard deviation of pointing error \\ \(q\) & angular velocity of Y axis & \(\phi\) & roll angle of UAV attitude \\ \(r\) & angular velocity of Z axis & \(\psi\) & yaw angle of UAV attitude \\ \(R\) & turning radius & \(\psi_{()}\) & azimuth angle \\ \(T_{\text{G}()}\) & control torque of two-axis gimbal & \(\Delta\psi_{()}\) & control error of azimuth \\ \(\bar{v}\) & turning flight velocity & \(\omega_{\text{UAV}}\) & angular velocity of UAV \\
**Subscripts** & & & \\ A & antenna pointing & & \\ B & in the body frame coordinate & & \\ G & gimbal driving & & \\ GC & target command of gimbal driving & & \\ x, y, z & body axis or gimbal axis & & \\
1, 2 & block number & & \\ \end{tabular}
# An Aeromagnetic Compensation Algorithm Based on a Temporal Convolutional Network
## 4 Results and Discussion
### Daf-MIT AIA Open Flight Data Test Results for Flight 1006.06  
In this section, we compare the compensation accuracy and generalization of several compensation methods based on flight 1006.06 of the DAF-MIT AIA Open Flight Data. Figure 12 shows the residual interference in the bandpass (0.1-0.6 Hz) of the magnetic signal on the route, where the curve named \"origin\" represents the interference before compensation, and the other curves represent the residual interference after compensation by the corresponding method. Large maneuvers during flight can cause large interference (such as around the 5000 th sampling point). The purpose of the compensation method is to eliminate these interferences as much as possible. The less residual interference there is after compensation, the better the compensation method. BPNN has the worst compensation effect due to its poor generalization ability, and the residual interference is close to that before compensation in most intervals. Only some intervals (such as in the interval from 4000 to 6000 sampling points) have compensation effects. WilliamsNN has a better compensation effect and can keep the residual interference within 10 nT in most intervals. However, in some intervals (such as around the 500 th and 6000 th sampling points), there are still obvious residual interferences. ResNet and MagTCN all maintain low residual interference in the entire interval, which is much better than BPNN and WilliamsNN. In order to further compare the performance of several compensation methods, we calculated their STDs and IRs after compensation (as defined in Section 3.3, the lower the STD and the higher the IR, the better the compensation performance). As shown in Table 5, BPNN has the worst STD and IR, which are 10.664 nT and 1.436, respectively. Those of WilliamsNN are better: 2.099 nT and 7.298, respectively. ResNet and MagTCN are better than WilliamsNN and BPNN in compensation performance due to their convolutional structures and residual connections. The STD and IR of ResNet are 0.049 nT and 308.679, respectively, and those of MagTCN are 0.037 nT and 414.090, respectively. The above results show that MagTCN has  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline  & **WilliamsNN** & **BPNN** & **ResNet** & **MagTCN** \\ \hline STD (nT) & 1.399 & 1.098 & 0.028 & 0.025 \\ IR & 8.342 & 10.629 & 402.786 & 455.920 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 4: The statistics of compensation results within the bandpass of the flight 1002.20 signal.  
Figure 11: Compensation results within the bandpass of the flight 1002.20 signal.  
achieved the best compensation performance and generalization ability among the above compensation methods.
## 4 Results and Discussion
### AttenFlow System Integration Results
#### 4.4.2 Computational Efficiency  
The efficiency analysis demonstrates that AttenFlow maintains practical computational complexity while delivering superior performance. RCCF adds minimal overhead (<5%) compared to traditional fusion methods, while the AM-HDGAT's graph-based approach scales efficiently with document corpus size, maintaining O(n log n) complexity for most operations.
# Pixel Resolution Imaging in Parallel Phase-Shifting Digital Holography
###### Abstract  
Parallel phase-shifting digital holography (PPSDH) employing a polarization image sensor can suppress zero-order and twin-image noise through a single exposure, achieve instantaneous measurement of complex-valued dynamic objects, and have broad applications in the areas of biomedicine, etc. To improve the imaging resolution of PPSDH, we propose an oversampled super-pixel image reconstruction method, which can be expressed as the implementation of nearest-neighbor interpolation to replace blank pixels in sparse sub-phase-shift holograms. We found experimentally that the maximum spatial lateral resolution of the reconstructed image based on the existing super-pixel method, B-spline, bicubic, bilinear, and the proposed nearest-neighbor interpolation was 12.4 \(\upmu\)m, 11.4 \(\upmu\)m, 9.8 \(\upmu\)m, 8.8 \(\upmu\)m, and 7.8 \(\upmu\)m, respectively. The main reason for not reaching the ideal value of 6.9 \(\upmu\)m was the inherent residual zero-order and twin-image noise, which needs to be removed in the future.  
parallel phase-shifting digital holography; imaging resolution; super-pixel; interpolation; residual noise +
Footnote †: journal:  
Article
# Thermal and Energy-Efficiency Assessment of Hybrid CLT-glass Facade Elements
## 4 Testing Program
### Experimental Records and Aquisitions  
In Figure 7, an example of typical outcomes from the continuous monitoring of the Live-Lab facility are proposed in terms of indoor temperature and RH records (data acquisition from the SITEL control station). Depending on the variable external conditions (Figure 3), major efforts were made to achieve comfortable hygothermal levels inside the mock-up building in line with conventional residential building performance indicators. Sometimes, however, temporary interruptions of the devices and instruments in use gave evidence of locally scattered data, as shown for the selected data in Figure 7.  
Figure 7: Live-Lab indoor measurements from the SITEL control station: examples of (**a**) temperature and (**b**) relative humidity.  
Alongside the continuous record acquisitions, the thermographic images also provided evidence of linear thermal bridges (Figure 8) that were generally detected (as expected) in the transition regions from the CLT to glass members.
## 2 System Description  
### System Structure  
The proposed system structure of bike frame quality check is shown in Figure 1a, consisting of subsystems such as robotic arm, graphical user interface (GUI), programmable logic controller (PLC), contact sensor, mathematical model, database, and workbench. Each subsystem is responsible to carry out a specific task, described as follows. (1) Robotic arm can carry the contact sensor and move it to the check points. Therefore, the coordinates of check points can be found based on the robotic arm coordinate system. (2) The contact sensor can feedback a digital signal to the robotic arm immediately once it touches the surface of the check points. (3) PLC is to control the rotating disk to rotate the bike frame \(90^{\circ}\) for the robotic arm to reach every check point. (4) Graphical user interface (GUI) provides a friendly user interface for users to input data and display a real-time measurement outcome. (5) Mathematical model presents a geometry algorithm that can effectively integrate the sphere formula with the inner product of normal vector to find four parameters in the sphere formula using only three measured points. Accordingly, the center coordinate of check point and its diameter can be calculated accurately and simply. (6) A database using MySQL is used to store the measured data and export measurement data report. (7) The workbench shown in Figure 1b is designed to sustain all hardware devices. It contains: (1) a fixing frame, (2) A rotating disk, (3) a work platform, and (4) a sensor pedestal. Moreover, the XAML and C# package are used to build up the system software such as the robotic arm simulation object, the window object, the control object, and the 3D-geometry mathematical model. Through Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and Internet Protocol (IP) (TCP/IP), the contact sensor and robotic arm can communicate with each other between different objects.  
Figure 1: _Cont._  
In this study, we mainly focused on the development of mathematical model required for the bike frame quality check using a robotic arm. Based on the proposed mathematical model, the robotic arm is combined with the contact sensor to implement the bike frame quality check in shaft length, internal diameter, verticality, and parallelism, etc. The major devices used in the proposed system are listed as follows:  
(1) Robotic arm: YASKAWA-GP7  
(2) Contact sensor: Compact module changing touch-trigger probe (Renishaw TP20)  
(3) PLC: DELTA DVP -PM1000M  
(4) Database: MySQL