# Microbial Bioremediation and Biodegradation of Petroleum Products--A Mini Review
## 3 Microbial Diversity and Ecology
### Microbial Influential Factors  
Microbial degradation is environmentally friendly and inexpensive compared to other forms of petroleum hydrocarbon degradation. Thanks to the adaptability of microorganisms to hostile locations and their metabolic machinery, they can break down numerous organic contaminants in soil and waterbodies. They, therefore, perform an important function in site remedy. Nonetheless, some factors could limit their ability and ability to mine petroleum products fully. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [34] state that the features that can affect the efficiency of microbial degradation include the physicochemical properties of the environment, the availability of microorganisms, and the concentration and chemical attributes of the contaminants. Therefore, they could be influenced by the environment (environmental factors) and the microorganisms and their nutritional needs (biological factors) [6]. [PERSON] et al. [35] add that nutrients, pH, oxygen, and temperature are some of the factors that can influence microbial activities. The metabolic ability of a microorganism depends on biotic factors. These biotic factors include the proliferation process of degrading microbes and the express inhibition of enzymatic actions. The obstruction thus occurs when microorganisms are predated by bacteriophages and protozoa, antagonistic interactions between the microorganisms, or competition among microorganisms for inadequate carbon sources [6]. The amount of catalyst present and the concentration of the contaminant affect the degradation rate of the contaminant. In this case, the number of catalysts is the enzyme produced by each cell and the number of organisms capable of metabolizing the pollutants. Furthermore, the degree of processing of pollutants is, to a large extent, a component of the enzymes involved and their affinity for the pollutant, and the accessibility of the pollutant [30]. Another factor that can affect the microbial degradation of petroleum products is the presence of microbes that can degrade the pollutants, including algae, fungi, yeast, and bacteria [35]. These microorganisms rely on oil spills as a food source, especially in places where there are gas stations, oil fields, ports, shipping lanes, and crude oil wells. In addition, the availability of sufficient amounts of oxygen and nutrients in usable forms and proportions ensures that unrestricted growth of microbial activities takes place. Ox \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Fungi** & **Yeast** & **Algae** & **Bacteria** \\ \hline Verticillium & Yarrowia & Oscillatoria & Streptomyces \\ Varicospora & Trichosporon & Agmenellum spp & Sphingomonas pauctimobilis \\ Pencillium & Torulopsis & Selenestrastrum capricornutum & Rhodococcus spp. \\ Luhworthia & Sporobolomyces & Pseudomonas miguidae & Pseudomonas \\ Glicolatium & Saccharomyces & Sphingomonas yanovikuyae & Nocardi \\ Fusarium & Rhodotorula & Chlorella sorokiniana & Mycobacterium spp. \\ Dendryphiella & Pichia & Chlorella vulgaris & Flavobacterium \\ Cunningham & Hamsenula & Scenedesmus platydiscus & Coryneb bacterium \\ Corollasporium & Debaryomyces & Scenedesmus quadracuda & Burkholderia \\ Cladosporium & Cryptococcus & Selenestraum capricornutum & Brevibacterium \\ Aspergillus & Candida & Prototheca zopfii & Bacillus \\ Phanerochaate & & Nitzschia sp. & Alcaligenes \\ chrysosporium & & & Alcanivorax \\ Bjerkandera adusta & & & Acinetobacter \\ Pleurotus ostreatus & & & \\ Tricholatium canadense & & & \\ Fusarium oxysporum & & & Pseudomonas aeruginosa \\ Achremonium sp. & & & Haemophilius spp. \\  & & & \\  & & & \\ \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Microorganisms are used in the biodegradation of petroleum products. gen concentration was found to be a rate-limiting variable for ambient PH degradation. The availability of oxygen depends on the available usable substrates, whether the soil is water-saturated or not, soil type, and microbial oxygen consumption rates that can reduce oxygen [36; 37].