Integrated Analysis of Transcriptome and Metabolome and Evaluation of Antioxidant Activities in _Lavandula_ _pubsccens_  
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1 Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (C.H.P.); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (H.J.Y.); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Y.E.P.)  
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1 Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (C.H.P.); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (H.J.Y.); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Y.E.P.)  
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2 Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Yeonsugu, Incheon 22012, Korea; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (Y.E.P.)  
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3 Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, 915 West State Street, West Lafayette, N 49707, USA; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] ([PERSON], [PERSON]; [PERSON]; [PERSON] Integrated Analysis of Transcriptome and Metabolome and Evaluation of Antioxidant Activities in _Lavandula_ _pubsccens_, belonging to the Labiatae family, is a newly discovered strongly aromatic species of lavender that is potentially beneficial for human health. Given the economic importance of lavender species, we sought in this study to characterize the terpenoid biosynthesis of _L. pubescens_ by obtaining transcriptomic and metabolic datasets. Transcriptome analysis of _L. pubescens_ grown aseptically in tissue culture medium yielded 124,233 unigenes with an average length of 470 bp and N50 value of 522 bp from 9,476,122,928 raw reads. In order to provide relevant biological information, the unigenes were annotated using the following public databases: National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) nucleotide (NT) and non-redundant protein (NR), Brassica (BRAD), Arabidopsis Information Resource (TAIR), Clusters of Orthologous Groups (COG), and Gene Ontology (GO). NR annotation results revealed that _L. pubescens_ is genetically closely related to _Sesanum indium_. On the basis of the transcriptome data, a total of 14 cDNA clones encoding the terpene biosynthetic genes _LpDXS_, _LPMCT_, _LPMCS_, _LpHDR_, _LPIDI_, _LPAACT_, _LPHMGS_, _LPHMGR_, _LPMVK_, _LPPMK_, _LPMPVD_, _LPCPPS_, _LPSQS_, and _LPGCPPS_ were identified in _L. pubescens_. These were quantified in the roots, stems, and leaves of _L. pubescens_ using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-FCR), which revealed that the gene expression levels were higher in the leaves and stems than in the roots, which was found to be consistent with the levels of unsolic and deanolic acids in the different organs using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). A total of 48 hydrophilic metabolites were identified and quantified in the organs using gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOFMS). Furthermore, the antioxidant activity of an ethyl acetate extract of _L. pubescens_ leaves was examined using different methods to determine the potential therapeutic properties. A reducing power assay revealed that the absorbance values increased in a concentration-dependent manner, whereas a 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging assay indicated the strong activity (60.4 \(\pm\) 0.9%) of the ethyl acetate extract at a concentration of 100 ug/mL, which also showed strong hydrogen peroxide (57.4 \(\pm\) 2.7%), superoxide radical (62.1 \(\pm\) 0.7%), and hydroxyl radical (58.6 \(\pm\) 0.4%) scavenging activities.  
Lavandula_ _pubsccens_; transcriptome; metabolome; antioxidant capacity