# AI-Based Stroke Disease Prediction System Using Real-Time Electromyography Signals
## Related Works  
### Concept of Stroke  
Stroke is one of the major diseases associated with death worldwide, and it causes cognitive and functional disorders [5; 19; 20]. A stroke happens when the blood vessels in the brain either become clogged or burst, thus reducing oxygen supply to the brain cells, resulting in necrosis of brain tissue [6; 19]. As cells in the brain die, certain parts of the body lose functionality. This leads to various symptoms such as loss of body coordination, and speech and sensory impairment.  
Stroke can be categorized into ischemic stroke (cerebral infarction), which is caused by blockages in the blood vessels, and cerebral hemorrhagic stroke (cerebral hemorrhage), which is caused by the rupturing of blood vessels in the brain [20]. Cerebral infarction diseases can be divided into cerebrovascular thrombosis and cerebral embolism. Cerebral thrombosis is a symptom that is caused by blocking blood clots in the brain due to arteriosclerosis or having problems with the inner wall of the blood vessel. While cerebral embolism is a condition caused by blood clots from the heart which blocks the blood vessels bring oxygen and blood to the brain. Next, there are two types of hemorrhagic stroke: intracerebral hemorrhage and subarachnoid hemorrhage. An intracerebral hemorrhage causes weak blood vessels to burst if there is a sudden rise in blood pressure. Brain cells that are supplied oxygen and nutrients by the arteries that have burst in turn become damaged, and the surrounding cells are crushed by the burst blood. Hypertension has been reported to be the main cause of most of these symptoms of intracerebral hemorrhage. Meanwhile, subarachnoid hemorrhage is caused by ruptured intracranial aneurysm irritating the lining of the brain. Subarachnoidal hemorrhage can be divided into spontaneous hemorrhage and traumatic hemorrhage. 80% of subarachnoid hemorrhage is caused by the ruptured cerebral aneurysm, and it is usually suspected when there is subarachnoid hemorrhage. Symptoms of subarachnoid hemorrhage vary from sudden severe headache, severe nausea, vomiting to loss of consciousness. However, the most characteristic symptom is a sudden severe headache unlike anything the person has experienced before. This subarachnoid hemorrhage injury is reported to be fatal injury that cause death in one-third of patients before they can arrive at a hospital, and only the remaining patients are known to receive treatment [19; 20].  
According to Statistics Korea, the total number of deaths in Korea in 2018 was 298,820, with 161,187 for men and 137,633 for women [21]. The causes of death were reported to be 79,153 cases of malignant neoplasm (cancer), 32,004 cases of heart disease, 23,280 cases of pneumonia, and 22,940 cases of cerebrovascular disease. Cerebrovascular disease is the third-highest single disease cause of death, with high mortality rates of 42.7 for men and 46.7 for women per 100,000 [21]. Although the death toll from cerebrovascular disease has been declining since 2005, it is still a high-risk disease that ranks third among all single disease causes of death. In particular, for those aged 60 or older, the mortality rate from heart disease and cerebrovascular disease is gradually increasing. Fast detection and treatment are paramount in the early onset of a stroke, as untreated stroke can leave severe aftereffects, such as hemipleggia or even death.