# Design, Deployment and Evolution of Heterogeneous Smart Public Lighting Systems
## 6 Deployment and Configuration of a Smart Lighting Infrastructure
### Step 3. Network Partitioning and Lighting Tasks Configuration  
**Phase 3.1. Network partitioning. ** Whenever gateways are needed, as in the cases of LoRa, Sigfox or mesh networks, streetlights are grouped into clusters, each of which relies on its own gateway to establish a communication link towards the Control Center. Such clusters are created by associating to the designated gateway the MAC addresses of all LCs that logically belongs to the same group. This phase might be highly or scarcely critical, depending on the adopted network topology. In general, star networks are more vulnerable to local coverage gaps that, unfortunately, are discovered only during the installation phase. In fact, when thousands of streetlights have to be upgraded, it would be impossible to check in advance the gateway coverage for each of them. Should coverage gap exist, additional gateways would have to be deployed, provided that this solution is both feasible and affordable. If not, some streetlights will be unreachable. But still, the addition of one or more gateways require a revision of the network partitioning, at least locally, with possibly the need to change the reference gateway of already configured streetlights. Mesh network are far less prone to such issue, as only one streetlight of the cluster must be associated to the reference gateway (see Figure 4). The other streetlights need only to communicate with their neighbors, which in most cases are in line of sight. Clearly, the shorter the installation time, the lower the network deployment costs. **Phase 3.2: Configuration of dynamic dimming algorithms. ** If a network has been chosen that allows the dynamic dimming, in this phase all profiles and behaviors will be defined according to external events, to maximize energy saving and keep road safeness unaltered. In particular, TAI/FAI algorithms are implemented only on specific streets selected by the light engineer in charge of the light project deployment, who also defines the corresponding lighting classes. Specific sensors (traffic, weather,...), installed for each interested street or group of streets, provide the information to dynamically select the dimming level. The LCs of streetlights that should simultaneously dim the light are logically grouped at the Control Center, and controlled as a whole. **7. Future Services and Integration with 5G Networks**  
In Section 4, we discussed the saving that can be achieved turning a conventional public lighting infrastructure into a smart infrastructure. However, the benefits of such technology are not limited to economic aspects: Provided that the lighting infrastructure is designed with a far-looking view, an important consequent effect is the availability of a capillary wireless network that reaches every location where a smart streetlight is present. This enables the collection of data from nearby sensors and the provision of new services, concerning, for instance [98]:  
* _smart parking_: real-time monitoring of parking lots (vacant/occupied);
* _waste management_: detection of rubbish levels in containers to optimize the trash collection routes and schedule;
* _air quality_: monitoring of the air pollution level;* _structural health_: monitoring of vibrations and material conditions in buildings, bridges and historical monuments;
* _vehicular traffic_: detection of traffic jams and suggestion of alternative routes through variable message signs. Moreover, as smart public lighting infrastructures are being deployed, new opportunities are emerging to fuse different smart technologies. In this regard, it is worth mentioning the emergence of 5G, the next-generation cellular technology, that is expected to debut in 2019 with the release of smartphones and network upgrades that will allow higher speeds and lower latency. As pointed out in Section 1, in order to meet the impressive data rate requirements of this technology, 5G cells will be limited in coverage, which means that many more base stations will be required to ensure a seamless service experience.