# Authentication-Based Secure Data Dissemination Protocol and Framework for 5G-Enabled VANET
## 1 Introduction  
By 2020, around 50 billion devices will be connected to the Internet for a better society using different technological systems. The concept of smart objects which provide seamless connectivity along with ensuring safety and a smart environment through increasing interaction and interoperability is called the Internet of Things (IoT) [1]. Vehicle users enjoy a better experience when amalgamating the IoT and Vehicular Ad hoc Network (VANET) architectures, and this emerging field is called the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) [2]. With the exponential development of big data and IoT concepts, IoV has become one of the key enablers to realize future autonomous driving scenarios and ad hoc networking technologies. In the current research paradigm about Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), conventional VANET is transforming into IoV. VANET is a subclass of Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) and a component of ITS that provides two types of communications: Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) and Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) [3]. It is designed to exchange vital information using dedicated short-range communication (DSRC) standard on the road [4]. It is used in safety and non-safety applications such as present location, traffic, road safety, and driver assistance/comfort [5, 6]. The increase in the number of vehicles has led to rising traffic congestion and frequent traffic accidents. Therefore, there is a need to improve driving experience and enhance driver safety. This hasled to the research of enhancing driver safety [7]. The typical structure of VANETs comprises three parts: a Trust Authority (TA), a Roadside Unit (RSU), and an On-Board Unit (OBU). The TA, which acts as the trusted management center, is responsible for the registration and issuing of secret key material. The RSU, installed along the roads, serves as a bridge between the vehicles and the TA [8]. Despite numerous advantages of VANETs, there are still some challenges that need to be solved [9; 10; 11]. Since messages are transmitted in an open wireless environment, a robust security protection mechanism is required. Moreover, requirements for fast authentication and privacy protection must be ensured [12]. Another significant requirement of VANET is to ensure and enhance safety. This requires effective and trustworthy transmission of messages among vehicles. However, being operational in an insecure environment, it is susceptible to malware attacks. In general, VANETs should be able to ensure privacy, security and reliability of messages while accomplishing efficient authentication, as well as resisting security attacks. To address such issues, an Authentication-based Medium Access Control (A-MAC) protocol is proposed in this article. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first authentication-based secure data dissemination protocol for 5G-enabled vehicular communications. In this paper, we have made the encryption algorithm lightweight by introducing a smaller number of variable parameters to reduce the storage space. Moreover, it helps achieve secure message authentication with lower computation overhead. Major contributions of this article are:  
1. An interactive framework for various levels in IoV Architecture is presented;
2. Secure message authentication protocol is designed for 5G-enabled vehicular networks;
3. Performance evaluation is conducted and a comparison with other protocols is performed. The proposed work is not only an extension of solution to Media Access Control (MAC) layer issues but also gives a detailed explanation to the layers of IoV architectural model. Figure 1 depicts a model of a vehicular scenario. It is also helpful in supplying abounding multimedia and mobile Internet application services. IoV has convergent concentration as serving application of ITS by ensuring driver safety, traffic efficiency and infotainment. IoV service is needed by smart cities for big scale data sensing, collection, information, processing and storage.