# Seismic Response of Loess-Mudstone Slope with High Anti-Dip Angle Fault Zone
## 5 Conclusions  
By using a scaled model of an LMS with an HADAFZ of 80\({}^{\circ}\) using a shaking table test and numerical calculation, the rules of the seismic response and failure characteris  
Figure 19: Permanent displacement in the model slope with an HADAFZ at input PGA of (**a**) a = 0.1 g, (**b**) a = 0.2 g, (**c**) a = 0.3 g, and (**d**) a = 0.4 g (unit: m).  
Figure 20: Permanent displacement in the model slope without fault zone at input PGA of (**a**) a = 0.1 g, (**b**) a = 0.2 g, (**c**) a = 0.3 g, and (**d**) a = 0.4 g (unit: m).  
tics, subjected to earthquake waves, were determined. The main conclusions are listed as follows:  
1. The acceleration dynamic response of the LMS with an HADAFZ had a top surface amplification effect on the slope-surface hanging wall, an amplification effect away from the free slope face in the loess stratum, and a combination of elevation and lithology effects in the vertical section. In addition, at the L-W and W-M interfaces, the amplification response of the hanging wall was the largest, the fault zone was the second, and the foot wall was the smallest.
2. The key value of input PGA for the dynamic response of the LMS with an HADAFZ was a = 0.3 g. When a > 0.3 g, the hanging wall amplification effect became more apparent, showing that the AAFs on the slope-surface hanging wall increased significantly and that cracks began to appear on the slope surface.
3. The seismic response of soil pressure had a positive correlation with the thickness of the overlying strata in the loess stratum and the L-W interface, simultaneously, influenced by the hanging wall amplification effect. Meanwhile, the DSPMV in both sides of the fault zone was larger than that in the fault zone, which showed that the loose and weak fault zone can weaken or reduce the dynamic earth pressure.
4. The deformation and failure of the LMS with an HADAFZ under the earthquake action showed cracking failure rather than overall sliding and the HADAFZ in LMS was equivalent to a damping boundary, which hindered the integral connection of the potential sliding surface and restricted the overall sliding failure of the slope, and it was thus beneficial to the dynamic stability of slope to a certain extent.
5. The AAFs of the shaking table test and numerical simulation showed consistency. In addition, the results of the distribution of the plastic zone and shear strain and the features of the permanent displacement in the numerical simulation all showed that the slope with an HADAFZ is relatively more stable than the slope without a fault zone.  
Conceptualization, Q.H. and J.P.; methodology, Q.H. and X.J.; software, X.J.; validation, X.J.; formal analysis, X.J.; investigation, Q.H. and X.J.; resources, X.J.; data curation, X.J.; writing--original draft preparation, X.J.; writing--review and editing, Q.H., J.P., H.L. and Y.L.; visualization, X.J.; supervision, X.J.; project administration, Q.H.; funding acquisition, Q.H., J.P. and H.L. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
This research was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, grant number 42041006, Major projects of the National Natural Science Foundation of China, grant number 41790443 and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central University, CHD, grant number 300102262904.  
Not applicable.  
The authors declare no conflict of interest.