# A Model-Based Engineering Approach for Evaluating Software-Defined Radio Architecture
## 1 Introduction
Current SysML and MBSE approaches use separate independent models for the development and manufacturing of systems [8; 9; 10; 11]. Model-Based Production Engineering (MBPE) [9] and Manufacturing System Planning (MSP) [12] focus on optimizing the design of the production system, but not necessarily the design of the product, based on the knowledge and models of the manufacturing system. Additionally, manufacturing planning often begins in the later stages of product design and is performed by different departments and engineers, leading to a lack of communication and inefficiencies, excessive costs for changes, and long development cycles. Moreover, current methods for design for manufacture and assembly (DFMA) and design for producibility may not start until the detailed design of a part begins. The digital thread aims to break down these silos by providing data and models that work together and offer insights into each silo for the purpose of product optimization and innovation. INCOSE has identified the path for systems engineering in its Vision 2035 document. They state that \"system engineering environments will fully leverage advances in digital technologies and modeling standards to enable rapid exploration of designs using high fidelity simulation, data visualization, and semantic web technologies\" [13]. They further describe that as discipline and domain-specific tools mature, they must join an 'Integrated Data Ecosystem'. The enabler for this capability is to incorporate these domain models into a common digital environment, and the more difficult step of defining the required data and parameters that need to be passed between models. For example, in the work presented herein, the system model elements had to have the parameters added to them so that they could pass them into the mechanical structure and heat models so that the findings could be used in early architectural alternative decisions. The future digital MBE environment will allow for rapid assessment of system performance over multiple dimensions, allowing architects to realize a robust transdisciplinary. [PERSON] [14] has defined the system architecture as a process aimed at ensuring that the final system will effectively carry out its intended functions. This involves determining what elements to include in the design. Conceptual architecture refers to the high-level representation of a system that defines its capabilities and their relationships. It serves as a starting point for more detailed design and development work, providing a clear and concise understanding of the system's objectives, the relationships between its components, and the constraints that must be considered [15]. The cost of making changes during a project's conceptual architecture phase is much lower than during later stages of development. This is because the system is still being synthesized at this stage, and the changes are easier to implement and less expensive to implement due to the lack of physical or technological constraints. Making changes during later stages can be much more complex, time-consuming, and costly due to the need to undo or redo work that has already been completed. Thus, the conceptual architecture phase is a critical point in the development of a project, as it provides an opportunity to ensure that the system is aligned with its goals and objectives and to make any necessary changes that can help to ensure the success of the project. Designing a product that can compete in a highly competitive market is a complex task, especially during the development stage when it is important to make the right design choices. Evaluating different alternatives is critical for making the best decision from the stakeholders' perspective, but this can be complicated due to the need to anticipate and quantify the properties of not-yet-realized artifacts, especially in multi-disciplinary design fields such as systems engineering [16].