# Roboethics in Remote Human Interactions and Rehabilitative Therapeutics
## 5 iManus for Remote Rehabilitation and Learning
### Data Considerations: Privacy, Security, Longevity  
iManus gathers data through video footage and sensor data from patient movements. The recorded data are processed, transmitted, and saved, either on a local server or in cloud-based storage, both usually secured by the health institutions. Once the data is saved, it is available for both therapist and patient to review. For patient confidentiality, each patient can see only their own performance, while the therapist has access to the data for all patients under their care. This is a common way to store data in medical facilities, but this could also be vulnerable to hackers. With a device that relies on servers and cloud data backups, the importance of cybersecurity cannot be understated. Additionally, since remote therapists will assess patients solely on data from iManus, it is crucial to prevent tampering of the data, either by external forces or by the patients themselves. Personal health information acts, which vary according to the jurisdiction, establish rules that trustees of personal health information must follow when collecting, using, disclosing, maintaining, and destroying personal health information. Therefore, technology developers will manage the required technical maintenance under granted permission, but solely the trustees will own the data recorded by iManus and are responsible for its security. If data security is breached, videosremain problematic; however, each institution should develop its own policy to regulate the use of videos by, for example, restraining the content to the hand zones with no face or body parts shown. One great advantage of iManus is that it supports remote software upgrades. These upgrades are fast enough to be done between patients, thereby avoiding interference with the therapeutic session. iManus also comes with a 4-year guarantee and 24/7 support for the clinics that use it. Finally, to access data, install updates, and contact support for iManus, therapists and patients will require a strong internet connection, which brings up another ethical consideration. As more services switch to online platforms and newer technologies need the internet to function, internet access is increasingly being considered a human right [35]. While internet use is widespread throughout most of North America, people living in more remote locations or abroad may still find lack of internet access a barrier. This should be considered in health care settings that serve patients living in areas without adequate internet access. There is no feature in iManus that allows for human-like decision-making processes. As a result, it is the user's responsibility to use iManus responsibly and ethically, as well as to adhere to privacy and security principles. Will iManus eventually replace therapists and render their jobs obsolete? No, it will not. Therapists' workloads will remain unchanged, but the outcomes of their decisions will be enhanced due to their patients' participation in iManus-led therapy remotely, in the absence of a face-to-face appointment. The therapist will also conduct the same number of face-to-face sessions remotely. In fact, iManus supports a synchronous mode of operation, which provides therapists and patients with the benefits of face-to-face interactions. When vulnerable and/or disoriented patients become emotionally attached to robotic technology, ethical concerns may arise. Health technology may be taken away from a patient for a variety of reasons, or it may become unavailable due to business decisions. For example, Jibo, created by Jibo Inc., was the first robot to use intelligent speech and to learn new speech patterns as its users interacted with it [23]. Jibo Inc. was eventually sold, and the servers that housed its source code were decommissioned. Furthermore, users who had been interacting with Jibo for some time discovered that it stopped working properly and eventually shut down completely. For some users, this was extremely upsetting. What about the iManus application?