# Kinematic Relations during Double Support Phase in Parkinsonian Gait
## 2 Materials and Methods
### Analysed Gait Parameters
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c} \hline  & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**PD (n = 165)**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**CS (n = 165)**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Mann-Whitney U (p)**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Cohen d**} \\ \cline{2-8}  & **Variables** & **Median** & **IgR (25-75)** & **Median** & **IgR (25-75)** & **Mann-Whitney U (p)** & **Cohen d** \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Spatial variables} & Step length & 0.448 & 0.139 & 0.576 & 0.083 & 0.0000 & 1.6 \\ \cline{2-8}  & Step length index & 0.265 & 0.089 & 0.346 & 0.035 & 0.0000 & 1.9 \\ \cline{2-8}  & Step width & 0.199 & 0.065 & 0.159 & 0.051 & 0.0000 & \(-0.8\) \\ \cline{2-8}  & Step width index & 0.115 & 0.036 & 0.092 & 0.029 & 0.0000 & \(-0.8\) \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Step time} & Step-time & 0.540 & 0.100 & 0.520 & 0.060 & 0.0076 & \(-0.7\) \\ \cline{2-8}  & Stride time & 1.070 & 0.190 & 1.040 & 0.090 & 0.0237 & \(-0.7\) \\ \cline{2-8}  & DST & 0.165 & 0.080 & 0.130 & 0.040 & 0.0000 & \(-0.1\) \\ \cline{2-8}  & SST & 0.380 & 0.070 & 0.400 & 0.030 & 0.0078 & 0.0 \\ \cline{2-8}  & DST \% & 15.311 & 4.600 & 12.500 & 2.679 & 0.0000 & \(-1.2\) \\ \cline{2-8}  & SST \% & 33.905 & 5.270 & 37.383 & 2.597 & 0.0000 & 1.2 \\ \hline \hline Walking cadence & \multirow{2}{*}{n/s} & 1.869 & 0.333 & 1.923 & 0.165 & 0.0237 & 0.6 \\  & I CoG v & & & & & & \\ (medio-lateral) & \multirow{2}{*}{0.082} & 0.073 & 0.049 & 0.047 & 0.0000 & \(-0.8\) \\ I CoG v (arterio-posterior) & \multirow{2}{*}{0.908} & 0.505 & 0.785 & 0.561 & 0.0252 & \(-0.2\) \\ \cline{2-8}  & I CoG v (vertical) & & 0.100 & 0.087 & 0.058 & 0.066 & 0.0000 & \(-0.8\) \\ \cline{2-8}  & I CoG v (abs) & 0.921 & 0.515 & 0.795 & 0.561 & 0.0139 & \(-0.5\) \\ \cline{2-8}  & T CoG v & \multirow{2}{*}{0.095} & 0.069 & 0.084 & 0.080 & 0.4310 & \(-0.1\) \\ \cline{2-8}  & & & & & & & \\ (medio-lateral) & \multirow{2}{*}{0.935} & 0.479 & 1.253 & 0.174 & 0.0000 & \(-0.1\) \\ \cline{2-8}  & T CoG v (vertical) & & 0.095 & 0.089 & 0.108 & 0.048 & 0.4144 & 0.1 \\ \cline{2-8}  & T CoG v (abs) & 0.945 & 0.483 & 1.265 & 0.168 & 0.0000 & 1.2 \\ \cline{2-8}  & IS hip \(\alpha\) & 155.087 & 8.536 & 152.981 & 4.841 & 0.0013 & \(-0.5\) \\ \cline{2-8}  & IO hip \(\alpha\) & 169.160 & 7.345 & 166.818 & 7.299 & 0.0000 & \(-0.7\) \\ \cline{2-8}  & TS hip \(\alpha\) & 166.861 & 6.969 & 167.810 & 4.911 & 0.1754 & 0.2 \\ \cline{2-8}  & I Top hip \(\alpha\) & 160.282 & 11.520 & 156.292 & 6.942 & 0.0015 & \(-0.4\) \\ \cline{2-8}  & IS knee \(\alpha\) & 169.251 & 16.130 & 168.687 & 6.730 & 0.8527 & 0.3 \\ \cline{2-8}  & IO knee \(\alpha\) & 157.394 & 11.205 & 160.322 & 8.840 & 0.1041 & 0.2 \\ \cline{2-8}  & TS knee \(\alpha\) & 126.587 & 10.893 & 130.260 & 8.383 & 0.0031 & 0.3 \\ \cline{2-8}  & TO knee \(\alpha\) & 156.027 & 11.571 & 157.821 & 5.700 & 0.1428 & 0.2 \\ \cline{2-8}  & IS ankle \(\alpha\) & 96.468 & 15.750 & 97.358 & 5.792 & 0.4608 & 0.0 \\ \cline{2-8}  & IO ankle \(\alpha\) & 95.763 & 10.878 & 89.039 & 4.261 & 0.0000 & 1.1 \\ \cline{2-8}  & TS ankle \(\alpha\) & 105.093 & 17.782 & 107.625 & 5.864 & 0.0857 & 0.3 \\ \cline{2-8}  & TO ankle \(\alpha\) & 102.454 & 7.653 & 100.561 & 4.542 & 0.0032 & \(-0.3\) \\ \cline{2-8}  & Is shoulder \(\alpha\) & 15.185 & 6.049 & 24.480 & 7.132 & 0.0000 & 2.2 \\ \cline{2-8}  & IO shoulder \(\alpha\) & 16.178 & 10.133 & 21.180 & 11.552 & 0.0003 & 0.4 \\ \cline{2-8}  & TS shoulder \(\alpha\) & 18.042 & 10.145 & 18.908 & 7.762 & 0.9094 & 0.0 \\ \cline{2-8}  & TO shoulder \(\alpha\) & 12.866 & 6.688 & 22.202 & 4.445 & 0.0000 & 2.1 \\ \cline{2-8}  & I Trunk lean & 1.827 & 2.278 & 4.050 & 3.334 & 0.0000 & 0.8 \\ \cline{2-8}  & I Trunk rotation & 4.374 & 5.428 & 4.357 & 4.532 & 0.5723 & 0.0 \\ \cline{2-8}  & T Trunk lean & 2.166 & 1.585 & 3.550 & 3.498 & 0.0001 & 0.5 \\ \cline{2-8}  & T Trunk rotation & 3.819 & 5.268 & 3.402 & 3.571 & 0.0939 & 0.5 \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Analysed spatial, temporal, and angular data of Parkinson’s disease (PD) and control sample (CS) groups. The spatial variables are in cm, the indexes are dimensionless.