# Leveraging Industry 4.0 for Sustainable Manufacturing: A Quantitative Analysis Using FI-RST
## 3 Results
### Technology Impact: Exploring the Combined Effects of Industry 4.0 Technologies
To this end, AM solved the issue of transportation, being involved in on-site production, and thus curbing the carbon emissions from this stage. * Augmented Reality (AR) and Mixed Reality (MR): AR and MR had clearly positive effects on the efficiency of training of workers and improvement in their safety in workplaces. Workers were able to easily follow product assembly or disassembly tasks; the use of these techniques could reduce errors, as well as the manufacturing of quality products. Moreover, AR and MR were essentially responsible for social sustainability through the elimination of workplace dangers and education requirements. * Information and Communication Technology (ICT): ICT functioned as the foundational links that could be used to connect various technologies that Industry 4.0 was built upon, thus making it feasible to exchange real-time data and excite the creation of a more sensitive manufacturing system. The extent to which ICT can be attributed to sustainability lies in the fact that managers made decisions in a quicker and more accurate manner, real-time response were possible, and collaboration across the supply chain was advanced [29]. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Metric**} & **Pre-** & **Post-** & **Percentage** & **Confidence** \\  & **Adoption** & **Adoption** & **Change** & **Interval (\%)** \\ \hline Operational Efficiency (\%) & 72 & 85 & \(18\%\) & \(\pm 3\%\) \\ \hline Material Waste Reduction (\%) & 15 & 30 & \(100\%\) & \(\pm 5\%\) \\ \hline Energy Consumption Reduction (kWh/unit) & 50 & 40 & \(-20\%\) & \(\pm 4\%\) \\ \hline Workplace Accident Rate (per 1000 employees) & 12 & 7 & \(-41.70\%\) & \(\pm 2\%\) \\ \hline Carbon Emissions (tons/year) & 1000 & 750 & \(-25\%\) & \(\pm 3\%\) \\ \hline Revenue Growth (\%) & 5 & 12 & \(140\%\) & \(\pm 6\%\) \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: Performance metrics of sustainability pre- and post-Industry 4.0 technology adoption. This bar chart shows the pre-adoption and post-adoption metrics for various sustainability outcomes, such as carbon emissions, energy consumption, and material waste. Each bar illustrates a percentage change, with MES, IIoT, and AM demonstrating the most significant improvements. This visual representation shows the exact environmental or company performance changes that are credited to the implementation of Industry 4.0 technologies. It concentrates its attention on key determinants, for example, energy consumption, waste of materials, emissions of carbon, and operational efficiency. This is achieved by using a column chart to exhibit to what degree the values have changed, which provides increased accuracy through the side-to-side assessment. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Technology** & **Resource** & **Cost** & **Waste** & **Emission** & **Workforce** & **Production** & **Customer** \\
**Efficiency** & **Reduction** & **Reduction** & **Reduction** & **Safety** & **Time** & **Satisfaction** \\  & & & & & & **Reduction** & **Increase** \\ \hline Manufacturing & & & & & & & \\ Execution System (MES) & 0.85 & 0.88 & 0.82 & 0.8 & 0.7 & 0.75 & 0.65 \\ \hline Industrial Internet of & & & & & & & \\ Things (IIoT) & 0.9 & 0.87 & 0.85 & 0.88 & 0.75 & 0.8 & 0.72 \\ \hline Additive Manufacturing (AM) & 0.78 & 0.82 & 0.9 & 0.83 & 0.68 & 0.78 & 0.7 \\ \hline Augmented Reality (AR) & 0.7 & 0.65 & 0.6 & 0.55 & 0.88 & 0.6 & 0.58 \\ \hline Mixed Reality (MR) & 0.72 & 0.67 & 0.63 & 0.58 & 0.9 & 0.62 & 0.6 \\ \hline Information and & & & & & & & \\ Communication Technology (ICT) & 0.8 & 0.75 & 0.7 & 0.68 & 0.78 & 0.75 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 5: Correlation between Industry 4.0 technology integration and sustainability outcomes. Figure 9: Performance metrics before and after Industry 4.0 adoption. NOTE: correlation coefficients run from \(-1\) to \(+1\), with a value closer to \(+1\) specifying a more increased positive correlation.