# Capability Analysis of Earth Observation Data for Integrated Emergency Management
## 6 Conclusions  
Satellite applications for use in public services are a key target market that the space sector has found challenging to address in the UK. In mitigation and preparedness, access to satellite imagery covering wide areas affected by incidents can help build resilience that prioritises relief efforts and avoids or minimises future repair costs. Many of the risks identified by the North East England LRFs, particularly those arising from extreme weather (e.g., power loss, flooding, heavy snowwall, fire arising from heatwaves), occur with increasing frequency, less predictably, and rising fiscal and societal costs. This scoping study has helped to address the knowledge and data gaps of the end-users, who are potentially the commissioners of future satellite data and services. Understanding or validating the gaps and barriers further supports the information required by the industry for future innovation and commercial opportunities, promoting the importance of investment in the space sector. Via a series of three workshops, we engaged with academic and industry stakeholders and identified different high-risk incident types that the LRFs face in North East England. The first workshop sought to gather insight into potential use cases and the value of satellite data in the disaster preparedness response and recovery pipeline of the North East England region of the UK. The second workshop presented a capability audit and different available data sources. MRes student projects subsequently implemented three case studies to assess the current state of satellite data and its applicability in integrated emergency management: snow and extreme cold, IWS fire, and electricity transmission incidents. The MRes students presented their results during the third and final stakeholder meeting. While the application of satellite data is not equally advanced for direct deployment in all cases, this scoping study has helped to draw important lessons learned and recommendations for future research, including challenges related to data availability, quality of satellite data, and time constraints. Addressing these challenges is crucial to enhancing the common operating picture and situational awareness effectiveness during the management of emergencies in the North East of England. We anticipate that a better understanding of the value of satellite data and how they may be integrated into public service operations will enable future collaborative research and development, and lead to the creation of Earth and geospatial data analysts, supporting disaster management efforts and contributing to the safety and prosperity of the region. **Author Contributions:** Conceptualisation, J.P.M., D.D., R.J.D., E.L., S.M.R., E.S., K.W. and E.R. ; data curation, L.C., R.D., O.F., A.F., S.G., O.J., C.M.-W., E.M., F.S.-C., Y.S., L.T. and K.W. ; formal analysis, L.C., R.D., O.F., A.F., S.G., O.J., C.M.-W., E.M., F.S.-C., Y.S., L.T. and K.W. ; funding acquisition, J.P.M., D.D., R.J.D., E.L., S.M.R., E.S. and J.F. ; investigation, L.C., R.D., O.F., A.F., S.G., O.J., C.M.-W., E.M., F.S.-C., Y.S., L.T. and K.W. ; methodology, J.P.M., K.W., L.C., R.D., O.F., A.F., S.G., O.J., C.M.-W., E.M., F.S.-C., Y.S., L.T., E.R., D.D., R.J.D., E.L., S.M.R., E.S., J.F., S.M., P.W. and H.H. ; project administration, J.P.M., K.W., E.R., D.D., R.J.D., E.L., S.M.R. and E.S. ; software, L.C. and S.G.; supervision, J.P.M., D.D., S.M., P.W. and H.H. ; visualisation, L.C., R.D., O.F., A.F., S.G., O.J., C.M.-W., E.M., F.S.-C., Y.S., L.T. and K.W. ; writing--original draft, K.W., L.C., R.D., O.F., A.F., S.G., O.J., C.M.-W., E.M., F.S.-C., Y.S. and L.T. ; writing--review and editing, J.P.M., K.W., S.M.R., L.C., R.D., S.G., E.M. and F.S.-C. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. **Funding:** The UK Space Agency funded the project \"R2-D2: Resilience to Recovery--Data for Disasters; a scoping study to assess satellite applications for emergency management in North East England\".