## 3 Results
### Experiment Termination
#### 3.2.5 Plant Growth Parameters  
A 100% germination rate occurred across all eight replicates among radish samples (Table 7). Root dry biomass in UNAM was the least (1.01 g), while the other treatments averaged 1.65 g. No differences in shoot biomass were observed between all treatments. The resulting root-to-shoot ratio was least in UNAM. Leaf chlorophyll differed between treatments and followed the order of: UNAM > COMP = INF > BICOC.  
Among lettuce samples, germination was less successful, ranging between three (INF) and six seedlings (BIOC and COMP) out of eight cone-tainers seeded. Dry leaf biomass was not affected by treatment, but shoot-to-root ratio was the greatest in UNAM and the lowest in BIOC. Leaf chlorophyll followed the order of: UNAM \(\geq\) COMP and INF \(\geq\) BIOC.
significantly greater than in UNAM (0.08) and INF (0.09), while BIOC (0.11) was similar to all treatments (Figure 9b).  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline
**Plant Growth Parameters** & **BIOC** & **COMP** & **INF** & **UNAM** & **F-Stat** & _p-Value_ \\ \hline _Radish_ & & & & & & \\ No. Germinated & 8 & 8 & 8 & 8 & & \\ Dry Root Biomass (g) & 1.62 (0.10) a & 1.88 (0.13) a & 1.46 (0.14) ab & 1.01 (0.13) b & 7.41 & \(\leq\)0.001 \\ Dry Shoot Biomass (g) & 0.49 (0.04) & 0.55 (0.05) & 0.44 (0.08) & 0.45 (0.04) & 0.77 & ns \\ SPAD (SPAD units) & 29.38 (0.87) c & 32.88 (0.39) b & 33 (0.84) b & 36.97 (1.07) a & 12.1 & \(\leq\)0.001 \\ Root-Shoot & 3.59 (0.42) a & 3.54 (0.29) a & 4.17 (0.76) a & 2.22 (0.15) b & 5.56 & \(\leq\)0.01 \\ _Lettuce_ & 6 & 6 & 3 & 5 & & \\ No. Germinated & 0.10 (0.04) & 0.19 (0.06) & 0.17 (0.03) & 0.06 (0.03) & 3.23 & ns \\ Dry Root Biomass (g) & 0.09 (0.03) & 0.26 (0.05) & 0.24 (0.03) & 0.18 (0.10) & 2.77 & ns \\ SPAD (SPAD units) & 19.70 (3.49) b & 30.83 (2.36) ab & 36.30 (2.59) a & 26.40 (1.85) ab & 4.38 & \(\leq\)0.05 \\ Shoot:Root & 1.23 (0.15) b & 1.37 (0.90) ab & 1.46 (1.05) ab & 3.17 (3.04) a & 4.25 & \(\leq\)0.05 \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 7: Plant growth parameters: number of plants germinated, dry root biomass, dry shoot biomass, leaf chlorophyll (SPAD), and root-to-shoot/shoot-to-root ratio (root:shoot/shoot:root) reported for radish and lettuce at the end of the experiment for soils amended with biochar (BIOC), compost (COMP), inorganic fertilizer (INF) and unamended control (UNAM). Lower case letters within each row represent statistical differences at a minimum of \(p\leq 0.05\) or as indicated by F-stat and \(p\)-values in the last column. Statistical tests were performed using a two-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) or Kruskal-Wallis if data could not be normalized. Tukey HSD and Dunn’s test (non-normal data).  
Figure 8: Radish Pb uptake measurements: (**a**) root and shoot tissue lead (Pb) average concentrations accompanied by mean error bars; (**b**) average root and shoot mass loads for plants grown in soils amended with biochar (BIOC), compost (COMP), inorganic fertilizer (INF), and unamended control (UNAM). Lowercase letters on each figure indicate statistically significant differences between treatments. Statistical tests were performed using a two-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) or Kruskal-Wallis if data could not be normalized. Tukey HSD or Dunn’s test (non-normal data) were used to determine treatment significance at a minimum of \(p\leq 0.05\).  
Figure 9: Lead uptake indicators and soil concentrations amongadish samples: (**a**) bioconcentration factor (BCF); (**b**) translocation factor (TF); and (**c**) soil available lead (Pb) foradish grown in soils amended with biochar (BIOC), compost (COMP), inorganic fertilizer (INF) and unamended control (UNAM). Lowercase letters indicate statistically significant differences between treatments. Statistical tests were performed using a two-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) or Kruskal-Wallis if data could not be normalized. Tukey HSD and Dunn’s test (non-normal data) were used to determine treatment significance at a minimum of \(p\leq 0.05\).