## 2 The Phytochemistry of _Artemisia annua_ L. (Qinghao)
### Flavonoids
\begin{tabular}{||l|l|l|l|} \hline
**Name** & **Alternative Name(s)** & **CAS Number** & **References** \\ \hline Apigenin (**192**) & 4\({}^{\circ}\),5,7-Trithydroxylarone & [520-36-5] & [71; 89] \\  & 5,7-Dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4_H_-1-benzopyran-4-one & & \\ \hline Luteolin (**193**) & 3\({}^{\circ}\),4\({}^{\circ}\),5,7-Tetrahydroxyflavone & [491-70-3] & [84; 89] \\  & 2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-4_H_-1-benzopyran-4-one & [20243-59-8] & [89] \\  & benzopyran-4-one & benzopyran-4-one & \\  & 3\({}^{\circ}\),4\({}^{\circ}\),5,7-Tetrahydroxyflavone & & \\  & 3\({}^{\circ}\),4\({}^{\circ}\),5,7-Tetrahydroxyflavone-7-O-\(\beta\)-D-glucopyranoside & [5373-11-5] & [84; 89] \\  & Luteolin -glucose & [491-71-4] & [76; 94] \\  & 4\({}^{\circ}\),5,7-Tihydroxy-3'-methoxyflavone & & \\  & 5,7-Dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-4_H_-1- & & \\  & benzopyran-4-one & & \\ \hline \multicolumn{3}{|l|}{_Other tetrahydroxxylfavones_} \\ \hline Crismaritin (**197**) & 4\({}^{\circ}\),5-Dihydroxy-6,7-dimethoxyflavone & [6601-62-3] & [76; 94] \\  & 5-Hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-6,7-dimethoxy-\(H\)-1- & & \\  & benzopyran-4-one & & \\ \hline \multicolumn{3}{|l|}{_Pentalhydroxylfavones_} \\ \hline Crismiliod (**198**) & 3\({}^{\circ}\),4\({}^{\circ}\),5,6,7-Pentahydroxylfavone 6,7-dimethyl ether & [34334-69-5] & [76; 94] \\  & 3\({}^{\circ}\),4\({}^{\circ}\),5-Trithydroxylore-6,7-dimethoxyflavone & & \\ \hline \multicolumn{3}{|l|}{_Eupatorin (**199**)} & 6-Methods luteolin 7,4\({}^{\circ}\)-dimethyl ether & [855-96-9] & [76; 94; 95] \\  & 3\({}^{\circ}\),5-Dihydroxy-4\({}^{\circ}\),6,7-trimethoxyflavone & & \\  & 5-Hydroxy-2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-6,7-dimethoxy-4_H_- & & \\  & 1-benzopyran-4-one & & \\ \hline \multicolumn{3}{|l|}{_3,4\({}^{\circ}\),5,6,7-Pentahydroxylfavone 3\({}^{\circ}\),4\({}^{\circ}\),6,7-tetra methyl ether } & [21763-80-4] & [96] \\  & tetramethylflavone (**200**) & & \\ \hline \multicolumn{3}{|l|}{_4H_-1-Benzopyran-4-one, 2-(2,4- & [101909-51-7] & [76] \\  & dihydroxyphenyl)-5-hydroxy-6,7-dimethoxy-**(**201**) & & \\ \hline \multicolumn{3}{|l|}{_Hexahydroxylfavones_} \\ \hline \multicolumn{3}{|l|}{_2,4\({}^{\circ}\),5\({}^{\circ}\)-Tribhydroxy-5\({}^{\circ}\),6,7- } & \multicolumn{1}{c|}{} & [94] \\  & trimethoxyflavone (**202**) & & \\ \hline \end{tabular}   
\begin{tabular}{||l|l|l|l|l|} \hline
**Name** & **Alternative Name(s)** & **CAS Number** & **References** \\ \hline Apigenin (**192**) & 4\({}^{\circ}\),5,7-Trithydroxylarone & [520-36-5] & [71; 89] \\  & 5,7-Dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4_H_-1-benzopyran-4-one & & \\ \hline Lute \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{|l|l|l|l|} \hline
**Name** & **Alternative Name(s)** & **CAS** & **References** \\  & & **Number** & \\ \hline \multicolumn{4}{|l|}{_Kaempferols_} \\ \hline Kaempferol (**203**) & 3,4\({}^{\prime}\),5,7-Tetrahydroxyflavone & [520-18-3] & [84, 89] \\  & 3,5,7-Trihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-_4H_-1- & benzopyran-4-one & \\  & 4\({}^{\prime}\),5,7-Trihydroxyflavonol & & \\ Kaempferol-3-\(O\)-glucose (**204**) & Astragalin & [480-10-4] & [84, 89] \\  & 3-\(O\)-\(\beta\)-D-Glucopyranosyloxy-4\({}^{\prime}\),5,7- & & \\  & trihydroxyflavone & & \\ Rhamnocitrin (**205**) & 3,4\({}^{\prime}\),5-Trihydroxy-7-methoxyflavone & [569-92-6] & [76, 94] \\  & 3,5-Dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-7-methoxy- & & \\  & 4\(H\)-1-benzopyran-4-one & & \\  & 4\({}^{\prime}\),5-Dihydroxy-7-methoxyflavonol & & \\ \hline \multicolumn{4}{|l|}{_Other Tetrahydroxyflavonols_} \\ \hline \multicolumn{4}{|l|}{_4H_-1-Benzopyran-4-one, 3-hydroxy-6,7-dimethoxy-2-(4-methoxy)-} \\ \multicolumn{4}{|l|}{**(206)**} \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 19: Tetrahydroxy Flavonols. **Table 20.** Pentahydroxy Flavonols. \begin{tabular}{|l|l|l|l|l|} \hline
3,4',6,7-tetramethyl & ether & & \\ (**219)** & & & \\ Mikanin **(220)** & 3,4',5,6,7-Pentahydrox/flavone 4',6,7-trimethyl ether & [4324-53-2] & [71] \\ \hline \end{tabular}   
**Table 20.** Pentahydrox Flavonols.