# Enabling Technologies for Urban Smart Mobility: Recent Trends, Opportunities and Challenges
## 2 Research Progress in Smart Mobility and Gap Analysis
### Taxonomy, Surveys and Review Based Papers
The evaluation of the two applications indicates their useful assistance to visitors, faculty and students in enhancing spatial position and finding university facilities. The authors have specified a range of mobility indicators to assess smart urban mobility in [20]. They have presented a relevant quantitative methodology that is applicable to any city globally with the aim to benchmark smart cities. The authors have selected Italian cities for the evaluation of sustainable transportation to gather crucial data, and they observed that the city of Turin is the best with regard to smart transport. Moreover, it is noted that the northern cities of Italy have overall better ranking than the southern cities. The author has focused on the transformation from an automobile community to a multimodal community in [21], fostered by the advent of smart mobility powered by ICT. The paper highlights three outcomes obtained from quantitative analysis of data from the German region of Rhine-Main. These include transport poverty, multimodal divide and critical thinking as factors contributing to mistrust towards multimodal mobility, and the paper recommends a change in this perspective to enhance the debate surrounding multimodality. Eleven metropolitan cities in Italy have been studied by the authors in [22] to assess the possibility and degree of applying the smart city model with the aim to boost the effectiveness and living conditions of urban areas. The authors have identified key smart city measures and parameters and grouped them to underline the impact of the smart city model on the mobility systems and observed that a poor starting place limits its implementation. The paper classifies the smart mobility paradigm into three groups, \"accessibility\", \"sustainability\" and \"ICT\", and applies 28 parameters to locate contexts with the best accessibility and sustainability. Furthermore, it is indicated that ICT is ineffective when the transport framework is inadequate. A distributed system for mobility data management and semantic improvement has been proposed in [23], which would benefit the areas of traffic management, m-health, urban kinetics examination and emergency management, among others. The proposed system, \"SemanticMOVE\", enables the semantic management of mobile things, and offers understanding of the mobility semantics as well as the identification of potential user movements, behaviors and activities. In [24], the authors have focused on the importance of a multi-disciplinary and collective methodology to smart mobility, which would enable the shift to a \"smarter mobility\" to improve city development and citizens' quality of life. A study has been conducted in Belgium to analyze the advancement of smart mobility from techno-centered to user-centered. The authors argue that although solutions to smart mobility challenges are sought in novel technologies, these solutions are not absolute and smart mobility outgrows technology and users. In [25], the author has highlighted the relationship between smart mobility and social sustainability and clarified the definitions of the two concepts. The paper indicates that the social sustainability of smart mobility depends on the path taken by the latter. Two distinct scenarios have been given, the first of which involves increased ease of use promoting the prevalence of cars, resulting in social discord, inequity, the scarcity of car driving and parking spaces, etc. The second scenario involves the application of technologies to enable services such as ride sharing and on demand rides, resulting in negative consequences on transportation workers but a positive impact on social harmony, equity and availability. A theoretical assessment of experimental governance is presented in [26] through the analysis of fundamental literal and practical assumptions with respect to smart mobility.