## 3 Time Dilation in Different Kinematics
### Kinematics of the Special Theory of Relativity  
Different interpretations can be assigned to the mathematics on which STR is based [2]. In modern physics, it is widely believed that time dilation is a property of space-time. This paper shows that it is the property of a light clock. The important thing is the mechanism of the light clock, not the space-time. The signal clock theorem also applies in STR. It should be noted that the proof of this theorem does not use the reference to ether in any way. According to the commonly accepted interpretation of STR mathematics, for each observer, the one-way speed of light in a vacuum is constant. Therefore, for each observer, a light clock that is stationary in relation to that observer measures time according to Equation (5), whereas a moving light clock measures time according to Equation (11). Therefore, in STR, equations for time dilation (12) and (13) also apply, but in the same way for each observer. That is, in STR, each observer estimates that a clock (exactly one clock, the same clock at all times [2]) that moves relative to him ticks slower than the stationary clocks in his inertial reference system. It can also be written that in STR, each observer estimates that his own clock measures time slower than clocks that are moving relative to him. For STR, the time dilation equation should be written in the form of an implication in order to make it clear in which system there is one clock and in which there are many [2]  
\[\frac{dx^{\prime}}{dt^{\prime}}=0\ \Rightarrow\ dt=dt^{\prime}\frac{1}{\sqrt{1- \left(v/c\right)^{2}}} \tag{32}\]  
Equation (32) describes the situation where there is one clock in system \(U^{\prime}\) (\(dx^{\prime}=0\) means that there is only one place to read time in this reference system), and it is compared to many different clocks from system \(U\) relative to which it moves. In the paper [2], it was shown that the mathematics on which STR is based should be interpreted differently. According to this interpretation, clocks in inertial systems are in STR desynchronized. Clocks from different inertial systems are not calibrated correctly, and therefore different observers obtain seemingly contradictory measurements. If the clocks are synchronized (which comes down to the assumption that the parameter \(e(v)=0\)), then STR transforms into STE without transverse contraction. Therefore, in STR, the time dilation equation is similar to Equation (17) for STE without transverse contraction. In STR, the desynchronization of clocks is exactly such that the difference between the inertial system and the universal frame of reference is blurred [2]. The measurements of each observer based on such a desynchronized clock are the same as the measurements of the observer from the universal frame of reference. Therefore every observer, on the basis of their own clocks, determines the dilation according to Equation (32), i.e., as if it was in the universal frame of reference. In this way, all inertial systems become indistinguishable. **4. There Is No Reason to Claim That the Speed of Light in a Vacuum Is the Maximum Speed**  
Based on (16), we conclude that in kinematics, where the following condition is met  
\[\lim_{v\to c}\frac{\sqrt{1-\left(v/c\right)^{2}}}{\psi(v)}=0 \tag{33}\]  
if the time lapse in ether \(t<\infty\), then the time lapse in the inertial system has the value  
\[\lim_{v\to c}t^{\prime}=0 \tag{34}\]  
It follows that in kinematics meeting the condition (33), light clocks moving at velocities \(v\approx c\) cease to function. If in such kinematics the light clock moves at light velocities or higher, then it does not measure time (\(t^{\prime}=0\)). This is due to the fact that a light impulse moving slower in relation to the ether than the clock cannot catch up with the mirror or source (depending on the direction in which the light clock arm is positioned). In kinematics, which meets condition (33), it is not possible to describe processes in inertial systems that move at light velocities or higher.