## 4 Case Study
Regarding the relationship of a person with the physical environment, the activities that are carried out during its daily life are widely varied, but the accessibility difficulties that arise when doing them are repeated. Therefore, the activities are analyzed from the perspective of accessibility to detect what difficulties they generate in order to find an alternative. To that end, two components have been established for all the activities that workers can carry out: displacement and use. **Displacement** is the transfer from a point to the ideal place where to perform an action, which implies being able to move around the environment without the presence of limitations or obstacles. Two types of displacement can be differentiated: (i) _horizontal_ (displacements made in rooms, corridors, etc.) and (ii) _vertical_ (displacements that imply a change in height, such as steps, stairs or ramps). The **use** is the performance of the action itself. Two types of use are differentiated: (i) _preparation_: situation process or approach to the object to be used and (ii) _execution_: the performance of the desired activity; it is the final objective of the process. If the person has any limitation that hinders the performance of their activity with respect to an individual without disabilities, we can use these as a reference to define the specific needs of these individuals in order to project the buildings. Difficulties of different types may appear:  
Attending the displacement:  
* **Maneuver:** limitation of the ability to access to spaces and move within them. * **Change of level:** difficulties that arise when overcoming unevenness. Considering the use of spaces, the following difficulties may appear:  
* **Reach**: when there are limitations in the possibilities of reaching objects and perceiving sensations. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**Task Type** & **Department** & **Environment Agents** \\ \hline Make photocopies & Reception, Administration, Maintenance & Photocopier \\ Go to the bathroom & ALL & Toilet \\ Fire alarm & ALL & Siren \\ Answer Telephone & Reception, Administration & Telephone \\ Carry letters & Reception & - \\ Drink coffee & ALL & Coffee maker \\ Eat & ALL & Microwave \\ Throw Trash & Maintenance & Trash can \\ Collect documentation & Reception, Administration & - \\ PC & Reception, Administration & - \\ Check elevator & Maintenance & Elevator \\ Watering plants & Maintenance & - \\ Sweep & Maintenance & - \\ Collect garbage & Maintenance & Trash can, container \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Relations between tasks, departments and environment agents. * **Control**: difficulties that arise as a direct consequence of the loss of ability to perform actions or precise movements with the extremities. In order to guarantee the movement within a building, it is necessary to define accessible routes that link the different spaces. These itineraries must meet three basic functional criteria:  
* That they are flat or with a gentle slope. * That they have a passage area free of obstacles: they must be wide enough to fit wheelchairs, and also be free of obstacles of medium height, which are dangerous for the blind people. * That they have safe support and guidance elements: that is non-slip pavements, handrails that serve as support, differentiated textures for the blind, etc. For each action, four functional objectives have been distinguished:  
* That it can be carried out, also, by a seated person. Thus, it can be performed by wheelchair users, elderly people with difficulties, etc. * Without leaving the site while it lasts. Most people with limitations use their upper limbs to help themselves with movement; therefore, they can hardly move and act at the same time. * Disregarding fine joints. The faucets, switches, door handles, control elements, etc., must have a design that allows their manipulation by those who have lost strength and dexterity in the hands.