## 4 Simulation Results and Analyses
### Drivers' Choice  
In order to better analyze the simulation results, they can be divided into three-time slots: 9:00-12:00, 12:0-15:00, and 15:00-18:00. The number of records for the EV charging station is listed in Table 9. In the first time slot, 9:00-12:00, five EVs arrive at the station; three EVs choose to be charged respectively as fast mode, slow mode, and slow mode, while the other two EVs choose to wait. In the second time slot, 12:00-15:00, five EVs arrive at the station; four EVs choose to be charged respectively as average mode, average mode, average mode, and slow mode, while one EV chooses to wait. In the third time slot, 15:00-18:00, six EVs arrive at the station: five EVs choose to be charged respectively as average mode, average mode, slow mode, and average mode, while one EV chooses departure. Charge evolution refers to the display \(SOC_{EV}\), but it is not the real storage capacity of EV batteries. The original battery capacity is 100%, but it only can be used about 80%-90% taking battery safety and service life into consideration. If the charging is too full, once the charging system is faulty, it may cause a safety accident due to overcharging. The battery management system generally reserves a certain bottom line on redundancy as a guarantee, which is used for the situation that the EV is not used for a long time; it must have a small amount of residual electricity when the driver thinks that the power reaches 0%. EV charging power and \(SOC_{EV}\) evolution connected to charger 1 are shown in Figure 14. The power requested by charger 1 in the first time slot with peak values close to 90 kW indicates that the charging mode chosen by drivers is fast mode; the power requested by charger 1 in the second time slot with peak values close to 30 kW indicates that the charging mode chosen by drivers is average mode. EV charging power and \(SOC_{EV}\) evolution connected to charger 2 are shown in Figure 15. EV charging power and \(SOC_{EV}\) evolution connected to charger 3 are shown in Figure 16. The curve shape of the power requested by charger 3 in the second time slot is high frequency oscillating because the EV switches frequently between waiting and charging due to the power limitation. EV charging power and \(SOC_{EV}\) evolution connected to charger 4 are shown in Figure 17. The power requested by charger 4 in the first and third time slots with peak values close to 10 kW, indicates that the charging mode chosen by drivers is slow mode. The curve shape of the power in the first and third time slot is rectangular, because the EV disconnects from the charger before fully charged. The power requested by charger 4 in the second time slot suddenly becomes zero because the EV enters a waiting state due to power limitation. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Number** & **9:00–12:00** & **12:00–15:00** & **15:00–18:00** \\ \hline Arrive & 5 & 5 & 6 \\ Being charged & 3 & 4 & 5 \\ Waiting & 2 & 1 & 0 \\ Departure & 0 & 0 & 1 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 9: Number of records. EV charging power and \(SOC_{EV}\) evolution connected to charger 5 are shown in Figure 18. The power requested by charger 5 in the first and second time slots with peak values close to 10 kW indicates that the charging mode chosen by drivers is slow mode; the power requested by charger 5 in the third time slot with peak values close to 30 kW indicates that the charging mode chosen by drivers is average mode. The power requested by charger 5 in the first time slot suddenly becomes  
Figure 16: EV charging power and \(SOC_{EV}\) evolution connected to charger 3. Figure 14: EV charging power and \(SOC_{EV}\) evolution connected to charger 1. Figure 15: EV charging power and \(SOC_{EV}\) evolution connected to charger 2.  
zero because the EV enters a waiting state due to power limitation. The curve shape of the power requested by charger 5 in the second and third time slots is high frequency oscillating because the EVs switch frequently between waiting and charging due to power limitation.