# A Review on Internet of Things for Defense and Public Safety
## 1 Introduction
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c l} \hline \hline
**PS Organizations** & & **Description** \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Police officers} & \(\bullet\) & Law enforcement and protection of the citizens: keep the peace and secure volatile areas, prevent and investigate crime, detain individuals suspected/convicted of offenses against criminal law. \\  & \(\bullet\) & Urban/rural environments, major events and border areas. \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Fire services} & \(\bullet\) & Law enforcement, protection of the environment, search and rescue. With variations from country to country, the primary areas of responsibility include: structure fire-fighting and fire safety, wild land fire-fighting, life-saving through search and rescue, rendering humanitarian services, management of hazardous materials, environment protection, salvage and damage control, safety management within an inner cordon and mass decontamination. \\  & \(\bullet\) & Urban/rural environments, ports and airports. \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Border guards} & \(\bullet\) & National security agencies which perform land border control against criminal activities and control of illegal immigration. They can also be involved in cross-national disaster management. \\  & \(\bullet\) & Rural environments and border security areas (green border). \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Coastal guards} & \(\bullet\) & Law enforcement, protection of the environment, search and rescue (at sea and other waterways), protection of coastal waters, criminal interdiction, illegal immigration, disaster and humanitarian assistance in areas of operation. They can also be involved in cross-national disaster management (e.g., earthquake, flooding). \\  & \(\bullet\) & Border areas (Blue border) and ports. \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Medical responders} & \(\bullet\) & Emergency medical services provide critical care of sick and injured citizens, and the ability to transfer the people in a safe and controlled environment. \\  & \(\bullet\) & All scenarios. \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Road agents} & \(\bullet\) & Police agency responsible for the law enforcement and protection of road transportation ways. \\  & \(\bullet\) & Urban/rural environments. \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Railway agents} & \(\bullet\) & Specialized police agency responsible for the protection and law enforcement of road transportation. \\  & \(\bullet\) & Urban/rural environments. \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Custom guards} & \(\bullet\) & Law enforcement, crime prevention, monitoring people and goods entering a country. \\  & \(\bullet\) & Border areas. \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Airport security} & \(\bullet\) & Law enforcement, protect airports, passengers and aircrafts from crime. \\  & \(\bullet\) & Urban/rural environments. \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{Military} & \(\bullet\) & It is the organization responsible for the national defense policy and the protection of national security. It may also supports PS organizations in case of a large national disaster, terrorist acts, major events, search and rescue or emergency medical services. \\  & \(\bullet\) & All scenarios. \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Public Safety (PS) agents. network architecture toward 5G in order to support emerging PS networks [26; 27; 28]. With respect to IoT, there are several published papers that cover different aspects of the IoT technology applied to defense and PS. For example, [PERSON] et al. [29] propose a fault detection method that is based on a network partitioned into clusters for the military domain. [PERSON] et al. [30] introduce a layer architecture and review some application modes. They also include the example of a weapon control application. [PERSON] et al. [31] propose a lightweight, cloud-centric, multi-level authentication as a service approach that addresses scalability and time constraints for IoT devices surrounding PS responders. References [10; 32; 33; 34] contain short surveys for leveraging the IoT for a more efficient military.