Based on this criterion, we can distinguish between the engineering methods (including \"traditional\" methods, based on the removal and storage of contaminated matrix in a landfill or the use of appropriate barriers) and process methods (including physical, biological, and chemical stabilization or solidification processes and thermal treatment). To properly select the method for removing or neutralizing mercury in soil, it is essential first to characterize the properties of Hg and its compounds and to assess their interaction with the contaminated soils. The literature indicates that the neutralization of soil contamination with mercury (the treatment of waste from mercury-contaminated soil) can take the form of:  
* Removing mercury (both elemental and bound) from the soil to an acceptable level;
* Reducing the mobility of mercury in the environment to prevent its emission into the atmosphere or migration into water;
* Landfilling at an appropriate site (hazardous waste landfill or non-hazardous waste landfill, depending on waste classification). The methods used to remove mercury from soil can be divided into three groups: chemical, biological, and physical methods. A brief characterization of each method, along with the technologies involved, is summarized in Table 2. It should be noted, however, that some of the remediation methods described in the literature are not commercialized, and many have been detailed in American literature and reports prepared for the European Commission [1; 24; 25; 26; 27; 28; 29; 30; 31; 32; 33; 34; 35]. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt}} \hline \hline \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Chemical Methods**} & **Biological Methods** & **Physical Methods** \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{The main technology} & Mainly chemical methods: chemical stabilization, soil washing, oxidation, reduction, reduction dichlorination, solvent extraction, and others. & Mainly divided into plant remediation, Metropolitan rhodium, phytotranspidation, phytotranspidation, phytotranspidation, phytotranspidation, and rhizfiltration methods. & Soil replacement, physical separation, soil vapor extraction, fixed/stabilized soil, vitrification, thermal desorption, electrokinetic remediation. \\ \cline{2-3}  & & These methods reduce, remove, or immobilize harmful contaminants in the soil and purify it using biological agents. & \\ \cline{2-3}  & & They involve the use of plants and their associated rhizospheric microorganisms to remove contaminants. These processes typically cause pollutants to degrade, which either removes or reduces the soil’s toxicity. & \\ \cline{2-3}  & & Additionally, the activities of some lower animals can be utilized to enhance bioremediation. & \\ \hline \hline \multicolumn{1}{c}{Examples of used reagents or physical techniques} & HCI, HNO3, H2 SO4, NaHCO3, sulphate phosphate & Hyperaccumulators (plant), bacteria, earthworms. & \multicolumn{1}{c}{High temperature, establishing an electric field gradient, reduction in the vapor pressure.} \\ \hline \multicolumn{1}{c}{Advantages and disadvantages} & Rapid and effective but depends on the type of soil, chemical, and metal. & Economical, eco-friendly, but time-consuming, limited to moderately contaminated sites. & \multicolumn{1}{c}{Laborious and highly costly, but it can be applied to highly contaminated sites.} \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Overview of methods used to remove mercury from the soil [2; 24; 25; 26; 28; 29; 30; 31; 32; 33; 34; 35]. The selection of appropriate and effective methods for remediating soils contaminated with various forms of mercury depends on several factors. Key considerations include the efficiency of the process, costs, and the technical feasibility of implementing the method. Taking these factors into account, it is observed that available remediation methods are chosen based on the scale of contamination and the availability and location of the contaminated area.