# F127/Cisplatin Microemulsions: _In Vitro_, _In Vivo_ and Computational Studies
## 3 Results and Discussion
### Histopathological Examinations  
Photomicrographs of the kidney of the control group showed normal glomerulus and normal proximal tubules (Figure 4A). Photomicrographs of the kidney of rats treated with the bulk form of Cis (7 mg/kg) showed narrowing of proximal tubules (Figure 4B). Rats treated with F127/Cis microemulsion (7 mg/kg) had normal Bowman's capsule and normal distal tubules (Figure 4C). Light micrograph of a kidney of rats treated with 14 mg/kg of F127/Cis microemulsion showed swelling of proximal tubules (Figure 4D).  
Liver sections of the control group had normal hepatocytes and normal hepatic architecture (Figure 5A). Photomicrographs of the liver of rats treated with the bulk form of Cis (7 mg/kg) showed nuclear psychosis (Figure 5B). In the liver of rats treated with F127/Cis microemulsion (7 mg/kg), there were normal hepatic sinusoids and mild perinuclear lipid accumulation (Figure 5C). Light micrographs of the liver of rats treated with 14 mg/kg of F127/Cis microemulsion showed severe fatty change (Figure 5D).  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Item**} & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**Treatment *} \\ \cline{2-5}  & **Control** & **Cisplatin Bulk** & **F127/Cis Microemulsion** & **F127/Cis Microemulsion** \\  & & & **7 mg/kg** & **14 mg/kg** \\ \hline Liver MDA (nmol/mg protein) & 117.0 \(\pm\) 11.3 & 144.9 * \(\pm\) 21.4 & 125.8 \(\pm\) 23.4 & 142.3 * \(\pm\) 14.2 \\ \hline AST (U/L) & 56.8 \(\pm\) 19.4 & 86.8 *** \(\pm\) 13.3 & 75.9 * \(\pm\) 13.5 & 80.6 ** \(\pm\) 13.8 \\ \hline ALT (U/L) & 44.8 \(\pm\) 13 & 78.9 *** \(\pm\) 17.5 & 69.6 * \(\pm\) 22.9 & 71.1 * \(\pm\) 18.9 \\ \hline ALP (U/L) & 19.5 \(\pm\) 6.3 & 38.9 *** \(\pm\) 8.1 & 25.3 \(\pm\) 6.2 & 30.8 ** \(\pm\) 7.1 \\ \hline BUN (mg/dl) & 16 \(\pm\) 4.9 & 24.5 * \(\pm\) 8.7 & 21.8 \(\pm\) 5.3 & 23.9 * \(\pm\) 5.7 \\ \hline Creatinine (mg/dl) & 0.71 \(\pm\) 0.11 & 1.1 *** \(\pm\) 0.21 & 0.9 \(\pm\) 0.06 & 1.07 ** \(\pm\) 0.26 \\ \hline LDH (U/dl) & 117.8 \(\pm\) 12.9 & 134.8 * \(\pm\) 12.3 & 118.5 \(\pm\) 5.3 & 125.2 \(\pm\) 9 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 1: Effects of intraperitoneal injection of F127/Cis microemulsions on serum biochemical parameters and liver malondialdehydedehyde levels. (* \(p<0.05\) compared to control group, ** \(p<0.01\) compared to control group, ** \(p<0.001\) compared to control group).  
Heart micrographs of the control rats had normal morphology (Figure 6A). The heart section of rats treated with the bulk form of Cis (7 mg/kg) showed necrosis (Figure 6B). In contrast, rats treated with F127/Cis microemulsion (7 mg/kg) had normal heart structure  
Figure 5: (**A**): Light micrograph of a liver section of a control rat; normal hepatocyte (arrow) and normal hepatic architecture. (**B**) Photomicrograph of the liver of a rat treated with a bulk form of Cis (7 mg/kg), arrow shows nuclear pyknosis. (**C**) Photomicrograph of the liver of a rat treated with F127/Cis microemulsion (7 mg/kg) with normal hepatic sinusoids and mild perinuclear lipid accumulation (arrow). (**D**) Light micrograph of a liver of a rat treated with 14 mg/kg of F127/Cis microemulsion showing severe fatty change (arrow). (Alcian blue stain. Mic. Mag. \(\times\) 40).  
and mild disarrangement of filamentous arrays (Figure 6C). The heart section of rats treated with 14 mg/kg of F127/Cis revealed tissue congestion (Figure 6D).  
Figure 6: (**A**) A heart section of a control rat with normal architecture. (**B**) Heart section of a rat treated with a bulk form of Cis (7 mg/kg); arrow shows necrosis. (**C**) Photomicrograph of a rat treated with F127/Cis microemulsion (7 mg/kg) with normal heart structure and mild disarrangement of filamentous arrays (arrow). (**D**) Heart section of a rat treated with 14 mg/kg of F127/Cis microemulsion showing congestion in heart tissue (arrow). (Alcian blue stain. Mic. Mag. \(\times\) 40).