# BGP Neighbor Trust Establishment Mechanism Based on the Bargaining Game
###### Abstract  
The Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) is the standard inter-domain route protocol on the Internet. Autonomous System (AS) traffic is forwarded by the BGP neighbors. In the route selection, if there are malicious or inactive neighbors, it will affect the network's performance or even cause the network to crash. Therefore, choosing trusted and safe neighbors is an essential part of BGP security research. In response to such a problem, in this paper we propose a BGP Neighbor Trust Establishment Mechanism based on the Bargaining Game (BUTE-BG). By combining service quality attributes such as bandwidth, packet loss rate, jitter, delay, and price with bargaining game theory, it allows the AS to select trusted neighbors which satisfy the Quality of Service independently. When the trusted neighbors are forwarding data, we draw on the gray correlation algorithm to calculate neighbors' behavioral trust and detect malicious or inactive BGP neighbors. B +
Footnote †: journal: Information  
neighbor relationships with trusted ASes. The two ASes involved in neighbor establishment belong to different Internet Service Providers (ISPs). Thus, ASes are profit-seeking and selfish. It must consider the practical factors and encourage ASes to establish a trusted neighbor relationship. For the BGP trusted neighbor, there are some relevant studies. For example, some researchers have introduced trust technology [10; 11; 12; 13; 14] to inter-domain security research. Its basic idea is to construct a reputation system by evaluating the target AS's behaviors. However, the evaluation result has uncertainty. It is not easy to guarantee safety. [PERSON] et al. [15] proposed a Neighbor-specific BGP (NS-BGP) mechanism based on specific neighbors. By remodeling the route export and import strategy, the BGP routers can customize routes for each neighbor flexibly. However it does not take into account the AS's selfishness. Besides, the above solutions did not discuss the pros and cons of neighbors' service performance during the operation of the BGP protocol, such as bandwidth, packet loss rate, jitter, and delay. Thus, studying the BGP neighbor trust establishment mechanism, which is easy to deploy and can provide security protection, has important theoretical value and practical significance. Since the AS is a rational entity driven by customer needs, we can describe the BGP neighbor trust established as a cooperation between the AS and the adjacent AS on network service quality. This cooperation has the following characteristics: (1) In the process of cooperation, both the AS and the adjacent AS will pursue the maximization of interests, and there is a game of interests between them. (2) As the BGP neighbor establishment process is based on the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), the AS and the adjacent AS can interact dynamically through a three-way handshake protocol. Based on these two characteristics, we propose a BGP Neighbor Trust Establishment Mechanism based on the Bargaining Game (BNTE-BG). The bargaining game [16; 17; 18; 19] is a game process in which participants with common interests try to reach a consensus when facing conflict. During the game, the AS and the adjacent AS can flexibly negotiate bandwidth, packet loss rate, jitter, delay, and payment price according to their own preferences. When the negotiation is successful, the AS judges the adjacent AS as a trusted neighbor, and they establish a neighbor relationship. When the negotiation fails, the AS judges the adjacent AS as an untrusted neighbor, and they do not establish a neighbor relationship. When trusted neighbors start work, we draw on the gray correlation algorithm [20] to design a detection algorithm for evaluating its behavioral trust, that is, to detect whether the bandwidth, packet loss rate, jitter, and delay of the data traffic meet the negotiated agreement. Through the detection algorithm, we can detect malicious/inactive neighbors.