## 4 Results
### Defining the Spatial Scope of Zhengzhou East Railway Station  
Defining the spatial scope of the station area is the basis of studying urban spatial structure. This was done in three steps: First, drawing on the previous research results and HSR station location, we determined the research spatial scope, which centers on the area around an HSR station within a radius of 5000 m, and we searched the POI data in this area in 2019, dividing the region into 500 \(\times\) 500 m grids centered around the station. The higher the development level of the station, the greater the density of industrial activities around it, and the greater the POI density. Second, because there may be some variations due to defining the station area only by the spatial distribution and density of POI, we combined the land-use data from the 2010 map data, capturing land-use types before and after the opening of the HSR. Third, we took the station as the center and conducted on-the-spot investigations and visits of industries in eight directions to make further examinations and corrections, and finally defined the spatial scope of the HSR station area, including east, south, west, north, southeast, northeast, southwest and northwest.  
According to the results from analyzing the kernel POI density within 5 km of Zhengzhou East railway station by Formula (1) (Figure 1), the level of development in this area is relatively high, and there are several high-value kernel density areas. First, there are two high-value areas on the west side of the station within 500-1000 m. Referring to the land-use types in Figure 1, these are composed of commercial land, mainly Shenlong Square, Greenland Plaza, and the Green Center twin towers. The second set of high-value areas are the northern and southern areas within the range of 1000-1500 m to the north of the station. From the land-use data, the high-value agglomeration areas in the north are mainly residential areas and office areas, while the high-value cluster areas in the south are mainly office buildings, mixed with hotels. Third, within the range of 2000-3000 m to the southwest of the station, the land-use map shows that the agglomeration area is mainly commercial land belonging to the existing built-up area. In terms of functional areas, this cluster belongs to the commercial and residential logistics area of Zhengdong New District, which has no direct connection to the development of the Zhengzhou East railway station area. It existed before the HSR station was built, and the degree of agglomeration was already relatively high at that time. Fourth, there are several high-value areas within 3500 and 5000 m to the southwest and northwest of the station, respectively. From the type of land use, it can be seen that the agglomeration area is mainly commercial and residential land, and the emergence of high-value points in these agglomerations is mainly influenced by the central business district and the commercial and residential logistics area of Zhengdong New District and has little correlation with the station.  
Through the field investigation of Zhengzhou East railway station, the main development projects of the station were found to be mainly concentrated in the west square, within 1500 m to the south and north of the station, while Zhengdong commercial center is mainly outside the 2000-m range. Most of these areas are composed of offices and shopping malls within 1000 m of the station, and the hotels are mainly low-end and chain hotels. Between 1000 and 1500 m, offices and residences are the main types of buildings, high-end hotels are the main type of accommodation, and high-end residential areas are the main type of residential areas. There are obvious circular boundaries at approximately 1000 m. Therefore, we determine that the range of Zhengzhou East railway station is 2000 m, in which the core area is 0-1000 m, the influence area is 1000-1500 m, and the peripheral area is 1500-2000 m.