# Improving the Dyeability and Anti-Wrinkle Properties of Cotton Fabric via Oxidized Raffinose
## 3 Results and Discussion
### Anti-Wrinkle Finishing Process Optimized by Response Surface Methodology (RSM)  
In order to determine the optimum anti-crease technological conditions for oxyRa-finished cotton fabric with the pad-dry-cure method, the effects of magnesium chloride concentration, pH value, curing temperature and curing time on the anti-crease property were measured through a RSM central composite Box-Behnken Design (BBD) [20; 21]. A response surface model (RSM) with four factors and three levels was designed using the Design Expert 11.0 software (Apple Computer Inc., Cupertino, CA, USA) and the levels of each factor are shown in Table 1. According to the 29 sets of test process parameters, the cotton fabric was finished with oxyRa. The results are recorded in Table 2, and regression analysis was performed on the data obtained. WRA was selected as the response value, and the multiple regression analysis was performed according to the response surface test results, and the quaternary quadratic regression equation of WRA and catalyst concentration (X\({}_{1}\)), pH value (X\({}_{2}\)), curing temperature (X\({}_{3}\)), and curing time (X\({}_{4}\)) was obtained as follows: Y = 260.13 + 20.39X\({}_{1}\) - 2.99X\({}_{2}\) - 2.04X\({}_{3}\) - 3.41X\({}_{4}\) - 5.78X\({}_{1}\)X\({}_{2}\) + 3.37X\({}_{1}\)X\({}_{3}\) + 0.47X\({}_{1}\)X\({}_{4}\) - 2.27X\({}_{2}\)X\({}_{3}\) + 0.82X\({}_{2}\)X\({}_{4}\) + 3.86X\({}_{3}\)X\({}_{4}\)  
Figure 3: \({}^{13}\)C-NMR spectrum of Ra and oxyRa. ((**a**) is oxyRa, (**b**) is Ra). \(25.00\text{X}_{1}{}^{2}-7.07\text{X}_{2}{}^{2}-14.99\text{X}_{3}{}^{2}-3.89\text{X}_{4 }{}^{2}\). The analysis of variance and significance of the overall model are shown in Table 3.  
From Table 3, the F value of the regression model is 26.54, and the \(p\) value was less than 0.0001, indicating that the quadratic model which used in the experiment was very significant. \(p\) value of \(\text{X}_{1}\), \(\text{X}_{1}{}^{2}\) and \(\text{X}_{3}{}^{2}\) were all less than 0.0001, indicating that their influence on the WRA was an extremely significant. \(p\) value of \(\text{X}_{4}\) and \(\text{X}_{2}{}^{2}\) was less than 0.05, indicating that they have a significant effect on the WRA, while the \(p\) values of \(\text{X}_{2}\), \(\text{X}_{3}\), and \(\text{X}_{4}{}^{2}\) were all greater than 0.05, that was, there was a small significant effect on the WRA. \(p\) values of the interaction items (\(\text{X}_{1}\text{X}_{2}\), \(\text{X}_{1}\text{X}_{3}\), \(\text{X}_{1}\text{X}_{4}\), \(\text{X}_{2}\text{X}_{3}\), \(\text{X}_{2}\text{X}_{4}\), and \(\text{X}_{3}\text{X}_{4}\)) were all greater than 0.05, indicating that the interaction item has no significant effect on WRA, which means that the relationship between four factors and the WRA was not a simple linear relationship. Therefore, according to the influence on the WRA, the order of the four factors from high to low was: \(\text{X}_{1}>\text{X}_{4}>\text{X}_{2}>\text{X}_{3}\). \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Factor**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Design Code**} & \multicolumn{5}{c}{**Design Level**} \\ \cline{3-6}  & & \(-\mathbf{1}\) & \(\mathbf{0}\) & \(\mathbf{+1}\) \\ \hline MgCl\({}_{2}\) (g/L) & \(\text{X}_{1}\) & 16 & 20 & 24 \\ pH & \(\text{X}_{2}\) & 3 & 4 & 5 \\ Curing Temperature (\({}^{\circ}\)C) & \(\text{X}_{3}\) & 150 & 160 & 170 \\ Curing Time (s) & \(\text{X}_{4}\) & 120 & 150 & 180 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Factors, design codes and levels of the BBD. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Samples** & \(\text{X}_{1}\) & \(\text{X}_{2}\) & \(\text{X}_{3}\) & \(\text{X}_{4}\) & WRA (f + w)/  
The lack of fit can indicate the difference between the model and the results, the \(p\) value of the model's lack-of-fit item is 0.051, satisfying the condition of being greater than 0.05, and indicating that the lack of fit item is not significant and there is no lack of fit factor.