# Integrated Digital-Twin-Based Decision Support System for
## 7 Discussions  
### Broader Implications of the Proposed System  
The results of this study demonstrate that the proposed DT-based decision support system provides a structured, data-driven approach to optimizing RMB allocation and management. The system enables the synchronization of real-time module tracking and automated decision making, significantly improving logistics planning and lifecycle management. This research extends the existing body of knowledge by addressing a critical gap: the lack of dedicated DT applications for RMB allocation and reuse strategies, an area that has remained largely underexplored. Previous studies on DT applications in MC have focused primarily on permanent MC projects, with an emphasis on facility management, construction monitoring, and logistics tracking. For example, [PERSON], [PERSON] [36] explored DT applications for supply chain emissions monitoring, while [PERSON], [PERSON] [50] proposed an IoT-enabled BIM platform for the \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline  & & **Current System** & & **Proposed System** \\ \hline
2D data (historical data, schedule, cost...) & O & Effectively manages a large volume of data with numerous module types & O & 3D visualization and real-time data integration, enhance understanding of module without real-time updates & O & data integration, enhance understanding of module performance and conditions \\ \hline Associated documents & O & Contracts and associated legal and construction documents & X & Currently not included \\ \hline Cost estimation & O & Developing the cost estimation function for the web-based platform & X & Considered to be attached with module selection function \\ \hline User interaction & X & Limiting user engagement and the ability to manipulate data dynamically & O & Interactive capabilities with data and visualizations, enhancing decision-making processes \\ \hline Sensor implementation & X & Cost prohibitive. But, it may become relevant for larger-scale projects, especially if modules are exported internationally & O & Real-time data collection is available but facing similar challenges with sensor implementation costs \\ \hline Decision support capabilities & X & New projects require manual configuration and redesigning based on site-specific requirements & O & Offering decision-making features, such as automated module selection or generative design processes \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Comparison of RMS management systems based on expert opinions. real-time supervision of prefabricated housing assembly and cost tracking. These studies highlighted the ability of DT systems to enhance process efficiency, minimize rework, and improve construction decision making. However, unlike permanent MC structures, RMB projects require continuous reconfiguration, relocation, and adaptive resource allocation, introducing unique challenges that static DT models do not address. The findings of our study bridge this gap by demonstrating that a DT-enabled system can be adapted to dynamic, relocatable scenarios, enhancing logistical coordination, lifecycle tracking, and module utilization efficiency. Moreover, DT applications in logistics planning have typically been focused on transport optimization for prefabricated module deliveries. For instance, [PERSON] and [PERSON] [10] developed a DT system for monitoring prefabricated module transportation logistics, using GIS-based simulations to optimize route scheduling and assess potential risks. While this research aligns with our study's emphasis on real-time logistics planning, it did not explore the allocation planning of reused modules across multiple projects, a core focus of our framework. By incorporating module selection algorithms and using data integration, our system advances beyond route planning and facilitates strategic decision making for RMB allocation and reuse. Additionally, recent DT research has explored post-occupancy evaluation and predictive maintenance.