## 2 Literature Review
### Sustainable Scheduling  
SS is generally regarded as the production of goods and services that do not pollute, conserve energy and natural resources, are economically viable, protect the safety and health of workers, communities and consumers, and meet public expectations [15]. SS, as the core part of sustainable production, is beginning to attract increasing attention. In a review of SS literature, [PERSON] et al. [16] extend SS to consider more sustainability indicators, especially in the social responsibility of enterprises, to assist many companies in achieving sustainability improvement in scheduling problems. Moreover, considering that most previous studies on SS have mainly focused on the problems of traditional workshop scheduling, [PERSON] et al. [8] shifted to explore the SS for equipment manufacturing enterprises with high energy consumption and high pollution, e.g., large-scale factories with multiple heterogeneous processes. [PERSON] et al. [17] introduced life-cycle management into shop-floor scheduling as a performance measurement system for enterprises to realise SS. [PERSON] et al. [18] merged the concept of the triple bottom line with production systems to expand several new ideas for research in terms of developing optimisation models and algorithms for SS. However, the interaction and facilitation of the criterion of practicing SS are rarely mentioned in previous studies. At present, most studies of SS focus on economic and environmental issues. [PERSON] et al. [17] considered the makespan, profit margin, energy consumption and pollution air emissions of economic and environmental dimensions in the constructed SS model. [PERSON] et al. [8] solved the problem of high energy consumption and high environmental pollution in the SS of large marine power components. [PERSON] et al. [12] optimised the objectives of completion time and energy consumption in a rubber manufacturing enterprise by practicing SS. In addition, an increasing number of studies have considered the three dimensions of economy, environment and society of SS. [PERSON] et al. [5] presented a metric-based model to systematically and holistically evaluate the sustainability of production schedules based on all three pillars of the triple bottom line. Based on most previous studies on SS problems emphasizing the balance between the economy and the environment, [PERSON] et al. [19] considered noise pollution as an important social issue and harmful to human health. [PERSON] et al. [9] construct a model of the sustainable, flexible job shop scheduling problem to optimise the makespan, energy consumption, and ergonomic risk simultaneously. In summary, the simultaneous consideration of the three kinds of criteria of economy, environment and society in launching SS is an increasing concern. With the increasing demands of customer customisation and small orders, different types of shop scheduling are widely used in manufacturing industries. Therefore, how to solve shop-scheduling problems to achieve the goal of SS has become a general focus of attention in the academic field. [PERSON] et al. [19] proposed a mathematical model in terms of the sustainable shop scheduling problem and solved the model with a novel hybrid multiobjective gray wolf algorithm. [PERSON] et al. [20] adopted a genetic algorithm (GA) to solve a mixed-integer linear programming model of remanufacturing job shop scheduling to reach SS. [PERSON] et al. [21] employed the nondominated sorting genetic algorithm-II (NSGA-II) and NSGA-III algorithms to evaluate the sustainable multiple objectives of a flexible job shop manufacturing system. In addition, some studies have focused on sustainable logistics scheduling problems. [PERSON] et al. [22] constructed a multiobjective mixed-integer programming model in terms of sustainable truck scheduling in a rail-road physical internet cross-docking hub and addressed optimising objectives by two multiobjective hybrid metaheuristic algorithms. [PERSON] et al.