# Dual-Band Wearable Antenna Integrated with Glasses for 5G and Wi-Fi Systems
## 3 Results--Design Verification with the Antenna Prototype
These measurements are inherently influenced by several factors, including the dimensions and type of the ground plane considered, as well as the specific height of the human subject. To ensure direct comparability with numerical simulations, which were also conducted utilizing a human head model, the investigation was specifically focused on the x-y plane. Given that the measurement antenna possessed linear polarization, the radiation pattern was comprehensively measured for both vertical polarization (\(G_{theta}\)) and horizontal polarization (\(G_{phi}\)). At a frequency of 3.5 GHz, the measured radiation pattern for vertical polarization is presented in Figure 19. For this specific polarization, the maximum measured gain achieved was 0.85 dBi. Correspondingly, the radiation pattern for the same frequency but with horizontal polarization is detailed in Figure 20. In this configuration, the maximum measured gain was significantly higher, reaching 3.6 dBi. Shifting to a higher frequency of 5.8 GHz, the measured radiation pattern for vertical polarization is depicted in Figure 21. At this frequency, the maximum gain obtained for vertical polarization from the measurements was 4.7 dBi. Conversely, the radiation pattern for horizontal polarization at 5.8 GHz is also presented in Figure 22, where the maximum measured gain was recorded as \(-\)0.4 dBi. While the general angular distribution of gain showed remarkable similarity between the simulated and measured results, some minor discrepancies in the overall radiation patterns were observed. These variations can be attributed to inherent differences between the idealized numerical model and the physical phantom used during the experimental measurements. Specifically, subtle variations in anatomical proportions within the phantom, even with comparable overall dimensions to the numerical model, likely contributed to these deviations. Furthermore, the introduction of plastic support structures during the measurement process could have introduced additional scattering or absorption effects not fully accounted for in the purely numerical simulations. Despite these minor variations in the detailed radiation patterns, it is important to emphasize that the maximum gain values obtained from both the simulated and measured results remained comparable, indicating a strong overall agreement between the theoretical predictions and empirical observations. Figure 18: Prototype antenna impedance matching for on-head location, VSWR coefficient vs. frequency. Figure 14:0 Prototype antenna radiation pattern for the on-head location in the horizontal (x-y) plane, vertical polarization \(G_{\theta}\) (\(\varphi,90^{\circ}\)) vs. \(\varphi\) angle, for 5.8 GHz. Figure 14:1 Prototype antenna radiation pattern for the on-head location in the horizontal (x-y) plane, vertical polarization \(G_{\theta}\) (\(\varphi,90^{\circ}\)) vs. \(\varphi\) angle, for 3.5 GHz. Figure 14:2 Prototype antenna radiation pattern for the on-head location in the horizontal (x-y) plane, horizontal polarization \(G_{\varphi}\) (\(\varphi,90^{\circ}\)) vs. \(\varphi\) angle, for 3.5 GHz.