## 3 Results
### Surface Roughness
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{3}{*}{**Output Power**} & \multirow{3}{*}{**Laser Types**} & \multicolumn{6}{c}{**Distance from Laser Irradiation**} \\ \cline{3-8}  & & **0 mm** & **1 mm** & **2 mm** & **3 mm** & **4 mm** & **5 mm** \\ \cline{3-8}  & & \multicolumn{6}{c}{**Surface Temperature (Mean \(\pm\) SD, \({}^{\circ}\)C)**} \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{**1.0 W**} & K2 mobile & 436.6 \(\pm\) 18 \({}^{\mathrm{a}}\) & 118.3 \(\pm\) 24.3 \({}^{\mathrm{a}}\) & 88.3 \(\pm\) 6.2 \({}^{\mathrm{a}}\) & 75.1 \(\pm\) 5.7 \({}^{\mathrm{a}}\) & 69.2 \(\pm\) 5.2 \({}^{\mathrm{a}}\) & 67.8 \(\pm\) 4.3 \({}^{\mathrm{a}}\) \\ \cline{2-8}  & Epic 10 TM & 301.7 \(\pm\) 21.6 \({}^{\mathrm{b}}\) & 61.8 \(\pm\) 2.5 \({}^{\mathrm{b}}\) & 55.2 \(\pm\) 4.7 \({}^{\mathrm{b}}\) & 48.5 \(\pm\) 3.5 \({}^{\mathrm{b}}\) & 45.1 \(\pm\) 2.1 \({}^{\mathrm{b}}\) & 42.4 \(\pm\) 2.4 \({}^{\mathrm{b}}\) \\ \cline{2-8}  & Saeshin & 274.6 \(\pm\) 11.3 \({}^{\mathrm{b}}\) & 74.4 \(\pm\) 15.3 \({}^{\mathrm{b}}\) & 55.5 \(\pm\) 3.9 \({}^{\mathrm{b}}\) & 47.2 \(\pm\) 3.5 \({}^{\mathrm{b}}\) & 43.5 \(\pm\) 3.3 \({}^{\mathrm{b}}\) & 42.7 \(\pm\) 2.7 \({}^{\mathrm{b}}\) \\ \cline{2-8}  & \(p\) & \(<\)0.001 \({}^{\mathrm{\lx@sectionsign}}\) & \(<\)0.001 \({}^{\mathrm{\lx@sectionsign}}\) & \(<\)0.001 \({}^{\mathrm{\lx@sectionsign}}\) & \(<\)0.001 \({}^{\mathrm{\lx@sectionsign}}\) & \(<\)0.001 \({}^{\mathrm{\lx@sectionsign}}\) & \(<\)0.001 \({}^{\mathrm{\lx@sectionsign}}\) \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{**2.0 W**} & K2 mobile & 630.8 \(\pm\) 24.8 \({}^{\mathrm{a}}\) & 135.6 \(\pm\) 18.3 \({}^{\mathrm{a}}\) & 109.3 \(\pm\) 4.9 \({}^{\mathrm{a}}\) & 95.2 \(\pm\) 4.7 \({}^{\mathrm{a}}\) & 86 \(\pm\) 2.6 \({}^{\mathrm{a}}\) & 82.2 \(\pm\) 2.8 \({}^{\mathrm{a}}\) \\ \cline{2-8}  & Epic 10 TM & 429.7 \(\pm\) 16.8 \({}^{\mathrm{b}}\) & 77.5 \(\pm\) 12.3 \({}^{\mathrm{b}}\) & 61.8 \(\pm\) 6.4 \({}^{\mathrm{b}}\) & 50.7 \(\pm\) 3.5 \({}^{\mathrm{b}}\) & 49 \(\pm\) 3.2 \({}^{\mathrm{b}}\) & 44.7 \(\pm\) 2.7 \({}^{\mathrm{b}}\) \\ \cline{2-8}  & Saeshin & 396.7 \(\pm\) 15.5 \({}^{\mathrm{b}}\) & 85.3 \(\pm\) 11.5 \({}^{\mathrm{b}}\) & 68.8 \(\pm\) 3.1 \({}^{\mathrm{b}}\) & 59.9 \(\pm\) 2.9 \({}^{\mathrm{b}}\) & 54.1 \(\pm\) 1.6 \({}^{\mathrm{b}}\) & 51.7 \(\pm\) 1.7 \({}^{\mathrm{b}}\) \\ \cline{2-8}  & \(p\) & \(<\)0.001 \({}^{\mathrm{\lx@sectionsign}}\) & \(<\)0.001 \({}^{\mathrm{\lx@sectionsign}}\) & \(<\)0.001 \({}^{\mathrm{\lx@sectionsign}}\) & \(<\)0.001 \({}^{\mathrm{\lx@sectionsign}}\) & \(<\)0.001 \({}^{\mathrm{\lx@sectionsign}}\) & \(<\)0.001 \({}^{\mathrm{\lx@sectionsign}}\) \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{**3.0 W**} & K2 mobile & 811.4 \(\pm\) 23.2 \({}^{\mathrm{a}}\) & 171.5 \(\pm\) 24.8 \({}^{\mathrm{a}}\) & 129.6 \(\pm\) 12.2 \({}^{\mathrm{a}}\) & 107.6 \(\pm\) 3.3 \({}^{\mathrm{a}}\) & 101.3 \(\pm\) 4.2 \({}^{\mathrm{a}}\) & 91.5 \(\pm\) 3.5 \({}^{\mathrm{a}}\) \\ \cline{2-8}  & Epic 10 TM & 543.3 \(\pm\) 15.9 \({}^{\mathrm{b}}\) & 91.6 \(\pm\) 4.6 \({}^{\mathrm{b}}\) & 78.4 \(\pm\) 7.8 \({}^{\mathrm{b}}\) & 66.5 \(\pm\) 3.4 \({}^{\mathrm{b}}\) & 61.6 \(\pm\) 0.8 \({}^{\mathrm{b}}\) & 55.9 \(\pm\) 1.9 \({}^{\mathrm{b}}\) \\ \cline{2-8}  & Saeshin & 510.3 \(\pm\) 14.5 \({}^{\mathrm{b}}\) & 107.9 \(\pm\) 15.6 \({}^{\mathrm{b}}\) & 81.5 \(\pm\) 7.6 \({}^{\mathrm{b}}\) & 67.7 \(\pm\) 2.1 \({}^{\mathrm{b}}\) & 63.7 \(\pm\) 2.6 \({}^{\mathrm{b}}\) & 57.6 \(\pm\) 2.2 \({}^{\mathrm{b}}\) \\ \cline{2-8}  & \(p\) & \(<\)0.001 \({}^{\mathrm{\lx@sectionsign}}\) & \(<\)0.001 \({}^{\mathrm{\lx@sectionsign}}\) & \(<\)0.001 \({}^{\mathrm{\lx@sectionsign}}\) & \(<\)0.001 \({}^{\mathrm{\lx@sectionsign}}\) & \(<\)0.001 \({}^{\mathrm{\lx@sectionsign}}\) & \(<\)0.001 \({}^{\mathrm{\lx@sectionsign}}\) \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{**3.0 W**} & K2 mobile & 811.4 \(\pm\) 23.2 \({}^{\mathrm{a}}\) & 171.5 \(\pm\) 24.8 \({}^{\mathrm{a}}\) & 129.6 \(\pm\) 12.2 \({}^{\mathrm{a}}\) & 107.6 \(\pm\) 3.3 \({}^{\mathrm{a}}\) & 101.3 \(\pm\) 4.2 \({}^{\mathrm{a}}\) & 91.5 \(\pm\) 3.5 \({}^{\mathrm{a}}\) \\ \cline{2-8}  & Epic 10 TM & 543.3 \(\pm\) 15.9 \({}^{\mathrm{b}}\) & 91.6 \(\pm\) 4.6 \({}^{\mathrm{b}}\) & 78.4 \(\pm\) 7.8 \({}^{\mathrm{b}}\) & 66.5 \(\pm\) 3.4 \({}^{\mathrm{b}}\) & 61.6 \(\pm\) 0.8 \({}^{\mathrm{b}}\) & 55.9 \(\pm\) 1.9 \({}^{\mathrm{b}}\) \\ \cline{2-8}  & Saeshin & 510.3 \(\pm\) 14.5 \({}^{\mathrm{b}}\) & 107.9 \(\pm\) 15.6 \({}^{\mathrm{b}}\) & 81.5 \(\pm\) 7.6 \({}^{\mathrm{b}}\) & 67.7 \(\pm\) 2.1 \({}^{Figure 3 shows the difference in mean surface roughness (Ra) values of SLA titanium implants according to various laser types and output powers.