# Improvement of Mesh Atomizer Performance by Electrolytic Polishing
## 1 Introduction  
Piezoelectric atomization is a process that uses piezoelectric drive technology to disperse a liquid into tiny droplets. Dispersing a liquid into tiny droplets can be used in fuel injection, medical aerosol inhalation therapy, and inkjet printing. Piezoelectric atomizers are divided into two types: surface acoustic wave atomizers and mesh atomizers. Mesh atomizers can be divided into static mesh atomizers and vibrating mesh atomizers (VMA) in accordance with whether the microplate vibrates during the working process. Specifically, the VMA uses the inertial force generated by the piezoelectric vibrator to break the capillary force indicated by the liquid, thus clamping droplets to achieve atomization. It has the advantages of a simple structure, a high energy utilization rate, small atomized droplets, and uniform distribution [1; 2; 3]. With the increasing requirements for the atomization quantity and particle size of atomizers, traditional atomizers hardly meet the requirements due to the limitation of their structure and the imperfect working principle. Therefore, researchers have proposed two main solutions: mechanical structure improvement and vibration optimization in the mesh atomizer. [PERSON] pioneered the construction of a VMA composed of multi-pinhole thin plates. The results showed that the maximum atomization rate was approximately proportional tothe number of micro-tapered holes [4]. Subsequently, to improve the atomization number of atomizers, researchers have improved the mechanical structure of mesh atomizers. [PERSON] proposed a flat plate atomizer with small holes and then removed the relevant water supply device to obtain the smallest piezoelectric atomizer at that time, which was not only convenient to carry, but also exhibited improved atomization amount [5; 6; 7]. After [PERSON] and [PERSON] et al. studied an atomizer with a cymbal-type high-power driver [8; 9], [PERSON] et al. proposed applying it during the cooling of electronic products. The research showed that the ultrasonic atomizer composed of an annular design and a micro-nozzle plate with multiple tiny nozzles had the advantages of a high atomization rate and amount under low power consumption [10]. Soon afterward, [PERSON] designed a new piezoelectric ceramic ultrasonic atomizer. The piezoelectric atomizer was composed of two piezoelectric ceramic films (110 kHz) and a stainless steel micropore disk with different outlet diameters. The volumetric flow rate increased with the increase in micropore outlet diameter. As the flow rate increased, the heat flux increased, but the spray cooling efficiency decreased [11]. At the same time, researchers have optimized vibration to improve the atomization amount. After [PERSON] et al. proposed the VMA, they conducted a further study and found that when the first resonance frequency of the internal and external parts of the components coincided with the second resonance frequency of the whole system, the atomization amount of the atomizer was large [12]. Whereafter, based on a piezoelectric-driven droplet injection device proposed by [PERSON] et al., [PERSON] found that a PMN-PT single crystal with ultrahigh voltage electric coefficient could generate higher axial displacement at a lower driving voltage [13; 14; 15]. Recently, [PERSON] conducted extensive research on mesh atomizer devices, particularly on the influence of the dynamic conical angle, frequency, voltage, and other parameters on atomization rate [16]. [PERSON] then performed a system vibration analysis of a micro-electro-mechanical system-based VMA through finite element analysis to study the resonant frequencies, dispositions, velocities, and mode shapes of the nebulizer's various dynamic modes. The results could be used to design performance-enhanced VMA for specific future applications [17; 18; 19]. Existing research has focused on mechanical structure improvement and the vibration optimization of mesh atomizers.