## 3 Analysis of the Selected Case Studies
### Computer Simulation Analysis  
Computer simulation is one of the best techniques by which it is possible to calculate the effects of climate factors on urban fabric and buildings [46; 47; 48]. The Ecotect software,  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**Indicators** & **Description** & **References** \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{**Urban fabric**} & The urban fabric determines the shape and & \\  & sizes of the physical components of a city and & [9; 14; 24; 38] \\  & how they can deal with climatic conditions. & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{**Shape and dimensions of the streets and the orientation of the buildings**} & Solar rays are of paramount importance in hot, & \\  & dry areas, so studying the orientation and & \\  & shapes of streets and alleys between building & [11; 26] \\  & blocks and directing them can achieve & \\  & solar control. & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{**The quality of spaces within the urban fabric**} & Ease of social communication and the & \\  & achievement of cultural and social & [9; 41; 42] \\  & requirements in the design of public spaces. & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{**Land use and density ratios**} & The density index, the compact environment, & \\  & and the land use composition, while & \\  & preserving the lands around the city, facilitate & \\  & the possibility of shifting towards a & \\  & sustainable environment. & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{**Nature\({}^{\prime}\)s relationship with the built environment**} & Types of external and internal open green & \\  & yards that incorporate the elements of nature & [22; 31; 37] \\  & into the built environment. & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{**Types of movement and the relationship**} & Classifying and separating the types of & \\  & movement to achieve safety, security, & \\  & accessibility, and foot movement. & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{**Integration with the ecosystem**} & Use bioclimatic planning strategies and & \\  & support the continuation and integration of & [21; 43; 44] \\  & natural habitats and ecosystems. & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{**The shape of urban facades and skyline**} & The use of 3D formations in the facades and & \\  & skyline improves the microclimate in harmony & \\ \cline{1-1}  & with achieving the community\({}^{\prime}\)s cultural & [23; 45] \\ \cline{1-1}  & identity and the city. & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 2: The proposed indicators, their relevance to sustainability, and the references upon which they were based.  
which can accurately assess various designs and which depends on the Open studio engine, was selected. We tried to design the analysis for suitable simulation results, and identified analyses to study the impact of solar radiation on the urban fabric by simulating the solar radiation effect under various orientations and the effect on the urban spaces by solarization shading. Furthermore, we studied the influence of the formation of the urban configuration and building facades. The analyses that were used for the chosen cases were as follows: insolation analysis (total direct radiation, total daylight factor, total sunlight hours) and object attributes (avg. percentage shading, percent dissatisfaction).