## 1 Introduction  
The concept of Industry 4.0 and its subsequent evolution, often referred to as Industry 5.0, represent revolutionary changes in the way industrial production is carried out. These changes are driven by the widespread use of advanced technologies such as autonomous guided vehicles (AGVs) and autonomous mobile robots (AMRs), key industrial automation elements. Industry 4.0 is all about digitization and systems integration, where the Internet of Things (IoT), cyber-physical systems (CPS), big data, and artificial intelligence (AI) are enabling the creation of smart factories [1]. These factories are capable of autonomous decision-making, real-time optimization of production processes, and adaptation to changing market conditions and demands. AGVs and AMRs are key components of these smart factories as they enable flexible and efficient logistics within manufacturing plants [2]. These vehicles can autonomously navigate and transport materials and products between different sites, minimizing human intervention, reducing errors, and increasing productivity. AGVs are equipped with advanced sensors and navigation systems to avoid obstacles, optimize routes, and safely interact with people and other machines. Industry 5.0, which is often seen as an evolution of Industry 4.0, emphasizes collaboration between people and machines, focusing on the use of technological innovation to improve working conditions and personalize production. In this context, AMRs are an important element because they enable complex tasks that require high precision, flexibility, and power [3]. Robotic arms can be used for assembly, welding, packaging, quality control and many other applications where human skill and intelligence are combined with robotic precision and performance. AMRs are designed to be easily programmable and adaptable to a variety of tasks, allowing production lines to be quickly reconfigured to meet current needs. Thanks to advanced control systems and machine learning algorithms, these robots can perform tasks with a high degree of autonomy and adaptability [4]. Combining AGV and AMR in industrial processes brings significant efficiency, flexibility, and quality benefits. The integration of these technologies enables the creation of interconnected and intelligent manufacturing systems that can respond to dynamic market changes, optimize resource utilization and minimize downtime. In this way, companies can achieve a higher level of competitiveness and sustainability [5]. Industry 5.0 also emphasizes the humanization of the working environment, where technology supports and complements human skills, leading to improved working conditions and overall employee satisfaction [6]. In the context of these changes, companies must invest in the education and training of their workforce so that they can use new technologies effectively and adapt to the changing work environment. The implementation of AGVs and AMR requires technical training, strategic planning, and reorganization of production processes. Companies need to consider factors such as security, interoperability of systems, cybersecurity, and data protection. Only with such a comprehensive approach can they fully exploit the potential of Industry 4.0 and 5.0 and achieve sustainable innovation and growth [7]. With Industry 4.0 and Logistics 4.0 coming to a reality, more and more equipment has been operating automatically for years. This is true also in the V4 Region, such as in Slovakia and Hungary, for larger multinational companies, where it is worth investing in such equipment due to mass production. Thus, there is a greater demand for robotization and automation in this region. This is true for transport between warehouses and production areas, which is solved by driverless transport vehicles, but automating them is still a challenge today [8]. The difference between the two is essentially in navigation and, due to the difference in maturity, also in the current applicability [9].