# The 6G Ecosystem as Support for IoE and Private Networks: Vision, Requirements, and Challenges
## 6 The 6G Network Infrastructure to Manage V2X Application Lifecycles  
This section explores the evolution and potential of vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) in a 6G network environment, emphasizing the incorporation of air and space networks to ensure seamless vehicle communication across global locations. We delve into vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communications, exploring the developments from vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) and vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communications, towards a broader spectrum of interaction within the vehicular network. The section further discusses the technical demands posed by the integration of numerous sensors in contemporary vehicles and proposes advancements in 6G to accommodate these demands. Critical evaluations of three use cases and a proposal of implementation strategies and future work in the 6G-V2X domain are also presented. As autonomous driving technology and automotive applications advance, the existing infrastructure and geographical coverage of ground networks might fall short of meeting the demands of future vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs). In 6G, it is expected that VANETS will evolve beyond ground-based limitations and expand into a comprehensive 3D network encompassing a space-air-ground network. The incorporation of air and space networks will ensure seamless vehicle communication across global locations, addressing the limitations posed by ground-based networks [101]. The 6G VANET primarily consists of vehicles and surrounding infrastructure elements, including BSs, buildings, traffic lights, streetlamps, and more, each equipped with computing and communication capabilities. Within this setup, vehicles can communicate with all intelligent nodes in the 3D vehicular network, a communication paradigm referred to as V2X communications. Initially, onboard units (OBUs) were integrated into vehicles, enabling direct communication with stationary roadside units (RSUs) via vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) wireless connections or between vehicles using V2V links. In the contemporary landscape, advancements in the automotive industry have allowed cars to exchange data with a broader spectrum of entities, including pedestrians' handheld devices, bicycles, ground stations (GNs), UAVs, and more. This evolution is achieved through V2X communication, enabling vehicles to engage and communicate with their surrounding environment [102]. Current vehicles are outfitted with an extensive array of up to 200 sensors, such as video and infrared cameras, automotive radars, light detection, and ranging systems--including RADAR and LIDAR, along with global positioning systems, as well as others--all demanding significantly elevated data rates up to 1 Gbps, which is well beyond the capability of digital short-range communication (DSRC), so using 6G they can be served by bands below 6 GHz for high reliability and mmWave bands to achieve Gbps low data rate latency, sharing a mobile edge compute (MEC) through a uRRLC network [103; 104]. V2X adaptation enhances ITS, focusing on vehicular networks (VNs) within the 5G landscape. MEC or similar edge paradigms are essential for V2X applications due to their need for ultra-low latency and reliability [87; 105; 106; 107]. The 3 GPP-defined connected vehicle technology improves safety, reduces congestion, senses vehicle behavior, and supports vehicular services by offloading computational tasks to roadside BSs or infrastructure, enabling data-connected autonomous driving with reduced latency [3]. AI edge intelligence is implemented using AI/ML algorithms to deal with data and services in edge nodes. Given the extensive implementation and deployment of service-oriented 5G networks, research is now focusing on the intelligence-driven 6G to enable a fully connected world, particularly emphasizing edge intelligence [108; 109]. Therefore, 6G presents an integrated framework encompassing communication networks, artificial intelligence, and mobile MEC.