## 4 Case Studies
### Port of Southampton  
The Port of Southampton (www.abports.co.uk/locations/southampton, accessed on 25 November 2023) is the UK's largest vehicle handling port (over 900,000 vehicles per year), owned by Associated British Ports (ABP). Southampton is a hub for passengers and a diversity of cargos, including automotive, containers, dry bulks, liquid bulks, bulk energy, and ferries. It carried over 31.28 million tonnes of cargo in 2022. The port is also home to the UK's largest refinery--Fawley. The five-berth Southampton Container Terminal is operated by DP World. The annual throughput of containers at Southampton is about 2 million TEUs. ABP has committed to reach net zero by 2040. DP World aims to be a carbon-neutral business by 2040 and to achieve net zero carbon emissions by 2050 across its entire global network. DP World's container terminal at Southampton reported a 55% reduction in net carbon emissions from its fleet and facilities in 2022. Decarbonisation measures having been taken or planned at the Port of Southampton include the following:  
* **Operational measures**: Adopted vehicle booking system and traffic management system to streamline the arrival of HGVs in the container terminal and their movements around the port; initiated ongoing 'no idling' campaign to encourage drivers to switch off engines when vehicles are not moving or working to cut emissions at the port. * **Equignment replacement**: From 2018, replaced its forklift trucks with the newest, most efficient models at Southampton Container Terminal; started to replace the straddle carrier fleet with newer more efficient models. * **Electric vehicle fleet**: From 2018, introduced electric vehicles to transport staff; by 2023, 100% electric fleet for small vans and cars; 90% of HGVs at the container terminal have efficient Euro VI engines. * **Hydrotreated Vegetable Oil (HVO)**: In 2021, DP World trialled HVO by using the fuel in its forklift trucks, reef generators, and straddle carriers; by April 2022, DP World's Southampton container terminal completely eliminated fossil diesel from its operations and transitioned to HVO. * **Renewable energy**: In 2023, on-port solar generation grew to 4 MW; around half of Southampton port operations are powered by on-port solar; maximise solar energy schemes within the port estate to reduce carbon footprint. * **Hydrogen hub**: From 2021, investigated opportunities to decarbonise local industries and transport, and created a centre of excellence for hydrogen production and distribution on the south coast through carbon capture and hydrogen-based technologies; working with Fawley Refinery to build hydrogen capacity. * **Rail Infrastructure**: Worked with Network Rail to extend rail capacity into the Port of Southampton; in 2023, the GBP 17 million project to expand the rail terminal at the Port of Southampton completed its second phase. Currently, over 30% of containers are arriving or leaving the port on trains through four dedicated rail terminals. * **Electric Infrastructure**: Installed electric charging points for cruise passenger vehicles; from 2023, will roll out electric charging for HGVs at the container terminal. * **Fuel Station Infrastructure**: Explore the installation of a GTL fuel station for commercial and on-dock vehicles. * **Facility infrastructure**: In 2017, installed monitors at locations across the port to monitor air quality in and around the port; in 2021, provided shore power connectivity in the new Horizon cruise terminal; installed large areas of solar arrays on the roofs of the warehouses and terminals; installed low-energy LED lighting; commissioned research into feasibility options for Solar Roads; growing shore power facilities. * **Digital Tool for real-time visibility**: DP World launched a digital tool called \"Where's my container\" in 2012, which provides customers and cargo owners with visibility of the status of their containers through the container terminals to enable relevant stakeholders to optimise their operations and avoid delays.