## 2 Related Work
In [26], the authors propose an algorithm to minimize the energy consumption between the two devices when they want to communicate. The coalition method is adopted rather than clustering. Moreover, it also investigates the quality of the channel. The framework is divided into two key steps. Firstly, the devices mainly focus on energy and the quality of the channel along with the interest interaction between them. The main function has been performed by the head of coalition. Secondly, the proposedalgorithm focuses on the quality of the service when the two machines want to communicate with each other. Overall, the performance of the proposed work is good at reducing energy usage. The authors in [27] device an optimized clustering mechanism that has no fixed body and is randomly adopted. The approach tackles the existing challenges including time synchronization problem. In addition, it enables to communicate a mobile even when the base station goes dead by using the process of multi-hop. A node can find its corresponding cluster even in the scenario of mobility. The approach enhances the quality by not mixing the codes of many users. Rather, it uses only one code for only one cluster. The algorithm outperforms in terms of throughput, delay and packet loss. However, the bandwidth is narrow. A new approach is presented in [28] to enhance the basic functions in Internet of Things (IoT). The authors used the wireless system of the power approach to communicate between two machine devices. To make clusters between two machine devices, the cluster making algorithm is used. The IoT basic parameters are used to create interaction interest between the two machines. Energy adaptation mechanism from the clusters head uses radio signals. The simplest policies are used to create the clusters to reduce the complication. The utility function plays a key role through which head of a cluster varies its energy according to operation. A game theoretic approach has been applied on two machines that want to communicate in a non-cooperative manner in terms of transmission power. These functions make the proposed work independent in terms of properties, management, and adaptation, which helps the devices to work in optimal response. The paper has outstanding results in increasing the energy of the system. The techniques used make the machines independent. However, the battery is fixed and has limited energy. In [29], the authors show the ways clusters are made in wireless system to manage energy factor for a system. Unlike active clustering, passive clustering is free from the instantaneous beacon signal, which is the main reason it saves energy. Nodes' mobility is not considered, which affects link quality and is the main point of maximum energy usage. The scheme has the ability to enhance its characteristics when its demand is at the peak point. There is no surety that a node has all information of the nearby nodes. To have all the information of nearby nodes, a uniform radio-transmitted power is used. The scheme is easy to implement and is mostly used when the goal is cluster making. The overall performance of the standby algorithm is good for achieving maximum throughput. However, the standby approach requires four states by using two bits to achieve all the necessary data of nearby nodes. Quick response and immediate transmission of data with efficient mechanism regarding energy are not only limited to UWSNs but are also the requirement of wireless land systems. In [30], the authors use an advance multiplexing technique when two devices want to communicate with each other in a public network. The two parameters responsible for the two devices to conserve energy are social and physical behaviors. The movement of the users is noticed when the users are in energy saving mode. Inside the field of transmission, the users, by using a reference point, can find other users having the same pattern of movements. This type of communication saves the extra usage of energy.