## 4 Discussion  
With the latest advancement in the Orthodontic tools, attempts have been made to introduce A.I.-driven image recognition technology in the medical/dental image field [7, 8, 12]. In Orthodontics, despite the variety of techniques, to utilize digital image recognition and image processing technology especially for the Late. Ceph. analysis, in the present study, A.I.-driven automated Late. Ceph. analysis has been used, which is a novel technique and claimed to be the future of digital Orthodontics. This method was able to detect Late. Ceph. anatomical landmarks within a clinically suitable range and comparable with the human-measured gold standard protocol [7, 8, 12]. A.I.-driven automated detection of landmarks and Late. Ceph. analysis showed acceptable success rates compared to the most commonly used digital techniques [12]. CLP alters facial soft tissues in mostly the oro-nasal area, resulting in the deviation and alteration of nose and upper lip. Thus, we ascertained deviations of LM-1 and NLA leading esthetically unacceptable facial soft tissue morphology [25]. Multiple dental anomalies, alteration in occlusion, and maxillary growth retardation are also common features in CLP. However, among different types of NSCLP, these alterations vary case by case [15, 26]. [PERSON] et al. [27] found that the BCLP group revealed larger vertical growth, larger retrusion of the maxilla and the maxillary and mandibular incisors, and decreased subnasale and labrale superior thicknesses compared with the well-matched controls (NC). These dissimilarities should be taken into account when planning Orthodontic and Orthognathic Surgery treatment for such patients. Measurement of the lips in relation to the Ricketts E-line [24] focuses on the relationship of nose, lips, and chin. Studying variations in soft tissue profile after Orthodontic management with and without extractions of 80 turkey patients with angle Class I malocclusion, [PERSON], [28] suggested that the mean values for LM-1 and LM-2 were slightly more protrusive than the [PERSON] esthetic ideal. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [29] revealed that 30% and 45% of the Thai population and the Thai population of Chinese origin, respectively, are found to have protrusive lips. [PERSON] et al. [30] revealed that the LM-1 and LM-2 of the Japanese were anteriorly positioned in all analyses. Our result suggests that most of the Saudis' [NC and NSCLP] lip positions were posterior to the esthetic plane, which is \"ideal\" in accordance with the [PERSON] findings [24]. In the present study NLA showed large variability, at 97.199 \(\pm\) 16.10 (NC), 84.492 \(\pm\) 14.17 (BCLP), 79.893 \(\pm\) 12.08 (UCLP), 81.166 \(\pm\) 14.28 (UCLA), and 82.515 \(\pm\) 18.12 (UCL), respectively. [PERSON] and [PERSON] [31] studied NLA on Poland NC and CLP subjects. They found that in any cleft group the variability was 100.36 \(\pm\) 18.13 for boys and 101.14 \(\pm\) 17.51 for girls, in CLP-R 94.48 \(\pm\) 17.11 for boys and 98.17 \(\pm\) 10.72 for girls, in CLP-L 100.11 \(\pm\) 14.98 for boys and 100.81 \(\pm\) 19.52 for girls, in BCLP 108.83 \(\pm\) 23.94 for boys and 103.38 \(\pm\) 16.20 for girls, and in NC 116.60 \(\pm\) 11.53 for boys and 112.77 \(\pm\) 13.17 for girls. [PERSON] et al. [32] found NLA in female NC subjects 103.43 degrees in Korean, 99.87 degrees in Japanese, 113.51 degrees in Chinese, and 106.52 degrees in Western subjects. [PERSON] et al. [33] studied 96 NSUCCLP subjects in two groups, 33 and 63 subjects without missing teeth and missing teeth with NLA 107.78 \(\pm\) 12.76 and 107.3 \(\pm\) 11.46, respectively. [PERSON] et al. [34] found that the NLA of American and Chinese patients were 127.3 \(\pm\) 8.2 and 97.1 \(\pm\) 9.6. These disparities in NLA are claimed due to more prominent noses of American patients than Chinese patients. [PERSON] et al. [35] explains that the reason behind thesedisparities are due to the base of the nose of CLP patients intruding on the upper lip, and thus it shows down-turned.