# The Common Warehouse Model and Profit Distribution of the Express Industry
## 2 Literature Review
### The Problem of Profit Distribution  
At present, domestic and foreign scholars mainly apply game theory and multi-person cooperation theory to study profit distribution, and the research is mainly focused on distribution methods [13]. [PERSON] [14] set up the new distribution mode meeting profit demands of rural chain stores, third-party express enterprises, and joint distribution information platforms, and he put forward a distributing method of joint distribution's expected profits considering the business of the platform and the risk of express, in order to resolve conflict which exists between the three parties of interest. [PERSON] [15] pointed out that when total effectiveness is uncertain, one can use the AHP method, the ANP method, and the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method to estimate the possible utility values of different combinations of the union state, in order to get a more reasonable utility value under different alliance composite state, and obtain data needed for the Shapley value method, using Shapley value method on specific distribution calculations. [PERSON] [16] analyzed the influencing factors of the profit distribution of a retail chain's joint distribution alliance. She obtained the ranking of the importance of each influencing factor measure index, namely, benefit > investment > risk > contribution > cost. Then she used AHP and GEM methods to determine the weights of the influencing factors, and used the Raiffa method to distribute the interests of the small and large alliances according to how much each enterprise in the retail chain alliance brought benefits to the alliance. [PERSON] [17] built a  
Figure 1: The operation flow of the cloud warehouse.  
profit distribution model between intelligent logistics park and resident enterprises based on dynamic Bayes, and discussed how the park or enterprises updated their understanding of each other's state based on dynamic Bayes, and determined their expected returns, so as to make decisions. The game reaches equilibrium when both parties find the optimal stable solution. [PERSON] et al. (2018) used the network analysis method to distribute the profits of the participants for the first time, and then adjusted the benefits of the first time according to the consumers' evaluation of the service level of each participant on the cloud logistics platform to achieve the incentive effect. [PERSON] (2019) utilized the TOPSIS method to construct the profit distribution model.  
It can be found from the existing literature that researchers not only tried a variety of methods (Shapley value method, Nash negotiation method, Raiffa solution, etc.) but also combined the algorithm with the practice respectively, while considering various realistic factors to improve the algorithm. However, the limitation lies in that scholars cannot comprehensively consider all influencing factors and often just directly give the reference values such as cost and risk as factors to improve the allocation method, without discussing these factors themselves and the possible relationships between them.  
Among many methods, the Shapley value method distributing the profit for members of the alliance embodies the thought of sharing of profits based on contributions, so as to avoid making members of the group feel injustice has been done. Compared with other allocation means, the Shapley value method is more reasonable and fair, with more emphasis on the actual contributions to the interests of the whole alliance rather than the allocation methods which only refer to resource efficiency or the investments, or the combination of them. Besides, the Shapley value method reflects the process of a game for each member. In this way, each member of the alliance can be encouraged to make greater contributions to the alliance in order to share more profits, which is conducive to the overall benefit maximization and long-term development of the alliance. In other words, the Shapley value method has a considerable incentive and makes a good attempt at fairness.