## 3 Results
The overall results are presented in the Table 1, as well as in Figure 6. As discussed above, the corresponding BPN to dry and wet with water conditions are 50 \(\pm\) 3 and 38 \(\pm\) 1, respectively. This slight decrease in BPN indicates that water acts as a lubricant. However, the BPN is not further decreased when RDPs are present on the concrete. KFO, KAC and HYB have a BPN of 40 \(\pm\) 2, 36 \(\pm\) 1 and 39 \(\pm\) 1 respectively, all in the range of the wet-with-water conditions, indicating that they can be all treated as wet conditions. Those dry and wet conditions will then be considered as the good conditions, as stated by the RWYCC. Further analysis using the upper and lower BPN values obtained with those conditions will help to classify the values and to help understand if they are efficient in the GRF winter conditions. Knowing that the simulated winter conditions correlate well with the GRF RWYCC, they were then reproduced in the same settings described in the previous sections, but using three generic RDPs: KFO, KAC and HYB, in de-icing mode (D) and anti-icing mode (A). The main results are presented in Table 1, as well as in Figure 7. In the removed snow conditions presented in Figure 7a, all the RDPs significantly improved the BPN in both de-icing and anti-icing mode. KFO showed the best improvement, with a BPN of 48 \(\pm\) 1 in both modes. Hybrid RDP also showed an improvement with a BPN of 47 \(\pm\) 1. However, in all the presented cases, all the RDPs improved the surface conditions to at least equal or better than the wet conditions, indicating that the conditions are acceptable. In snow \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Condition** & **RWYCC** & **BPN** & \begin{tabular}{c} **Corresponding Friction** \\ **Coefficient (\(\mu\))**[29] \\ \end{tabular} & \
\begin{tabular}{c} **CRFI Range**[22] \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} **In the Range** \\ **(<10\%)** \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline Dry & 6 & 50 & 0.54 & >0.4 & yes \\ Wet with water & 5 & 38 & 0.39 & >0.4 & yes (3\%) \\ Removed snow & 4 & 33 & 0.33 & 0.35–0.39 & yes (6\%) \\ Snow & 3 & 23 & 0.22 & 0.30–0.34 & no (27\%) \\ Wet snow & 3 & 19 & 0.18 & 0.30–0.34 & no (40\%) \\ Ice & 1 & 17 & 0.16 & <0.19 & yes \\ Snow on ice & 0 & 11 & 0.10 & <0.19 & yes \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Comparison between the CRFI values of friction coefficient (\(\mu\)) and CRFI. conditions, as presented in Figure 7b, the most efficient RDP is KAC. It allowed for an increase in the BPN from 23 \(\pm\) 2 on untreated counterparts, to 40 \(\pm\) 1 and 43 \(\pm\) 1, in de-icing and anti-icing modes, respectively. In this condition, KFO was more efficient in anti-icing mode than in de-icing mode. It had an increased BPN of 45 \(\pm\) 1 in anti-icing and only 32 \(\pm\) 1 in de-icing modes. The worst results were obtained with the HYB, even with a slightly increased BPN. There is a lack of information regarding snow conditions in the literature. However, we can observe that in anti-icing mode, the snow is melted more easily than in de-icing mode. In anti-icing mode, the concrete allowed the RDP to spread, allowing the protection of a larger part of the concrete. In de-icing mode, the RDP penetrated the snow by gravity, partially melting only a small part of the snow. Under the wet snow conditions, as shown in Figure 7c, the KFO and KAC are better in de-icing mode than in anti-icing mode. KFO increased the BPN to 45 \(\pm\) 1 and KAC to 40 \(\pm\) 1, while the untreated surface is at a BPN of 19 \(\pm\) 2. The main difference compared to dry snow is due to the presence of a slight proportion of liquid water which could activate melting, while in the dry snow condition the product may pass through the snow without melting it. Conversely, in anti-icing mode, since the RDP is on the concrete, in the snow-only condition, a part of it is melted. However, in wet snow, the water that arises from the snow inhibits the RDP's short-term efficiency. The HYB remains stable irrespective of the kind of snow or the mode used.