## 2 Principal Textile Colored WW Characteristics and Composition
### Performance of Different Hybrid Materials Used in Colored Textile WW Treatment
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l l} \hline \hline \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Characteristics**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Orthokinetic Flocculation**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Perikine Coagulation**} \\ \hline \multicolumn{3}{c}{Hydrodynamic fluid motion or agitation in laminar} \\ \multicolumn{3}{c}{Interparticle processes involved} & (a) or turbulent (b) regimes \\ \([96]\) & \(-\frac{dt}{dt}=\frac{1}{4}\cdot k\cdot n^{-2}\cdot G^{0}d^{3}\) (a), or & \(\frac{dt}{dt}=\infty\cdot\frac{4k\cdot T}{\gamma}\cdot\eta^{2}\) \\ \(-\frac{dt}{dt}=k\cdot n^{-2}\cdot G^{0}d^{3}\) (b) & \(\left(\frac{dt}{dt}\right)_{\text{b}}=-\left(\frac{dtLT}{3\gamma}\right)\cdot N\), & \(\left(\frac{dt}{dt}\right)_{\text{b}}=-\left(\frac{dtLT}{3\gamma}\right)\cdot N\) or \\ \(\text{sedimentation}\) & \(\ln N/N_{0}=-4\alpha/\text{G}\text{I}\text{I}\text{/}\tau\), \(G=\sqrt{\frac{P}{\gamma\gamma}}=k\cdot\sqrt{\frac{P}{\gamma}}\) & \(N=N_{0}/[1+(4 akTN_{0}/3\mu)t]\), or \\ \([95,96]\) & \(t_{\text{f}}=2/k_{1}N_{0}\), or \(t_{\text{a}}=-ln(1-\alpha)k_{12}N_{0}\), & \(t_{1/2}=3\mu/(4 akTN_{0})=1.6\cdot 10^{11}/(ak_{0})\) \\ \(\vartheta=\pi\alpha N/8\) & \(\vartheta=\pi\alpha N/8\) & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\begin{tabular}{l l} \hline \hline \multicolumn{1}{c}{**where \(d\)—particle diameter (m); \(D\)—Brownian diffusion coefficient (\(D=kT/(3\pi\mu d)\)); \(G^{0}\)—initial velocity gradient; \(G\)—velocity gradient; \(k\)—Boltzmann constant (\(J/K\)); \(k_{1}\), \(k_{12}\)—appropriate rate constants; \(n\) (\(N\))—number of particles (flocs)/volume unity (m\({}^{-3}\)); \(P\)—real dissipated power (m\({}^{2}\) kg/s\({}^{3}\), or W); \(T\)—absolute temperature (K); \(t_{\text{f}}\)—flocculation time; \(t_{\text{A}}\)—adsorption time; \(V\)—volume occupied of water (m\({}^{3}\)); \(\alpha\)—fraction of efficient collisions to agglomeration; \(\mu\)—absolute viscosity; \(\phi\)—volume fraction of colloidal particles; \(\eta\)—dynamic viscosity (Kg/m\(\cdot\)s).** \\ \hline \hline \multicolumn{3}{c}{**For packed-bed filtration: \(-\left(\frac{dN}{dt}\right)=\frac{3}{2}\left(\frac{1-f}{d}\right)\alpha\eta N\)**} \\ \multicolumn{3}{c}{Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution associated with filtration [95,150]} & \(\text{where}/\text{--porosity; }(1-f)\)—the volume of filter media per volume unit of filter bed; \(d\)—bed depth, \(\eta\)—\(\alpha\) single collector efficiency, reflecting the rate at which particle contacts occur between suspended particles and filter bed; \(N\)—number of agglomerated particles/flocs; \(\alpha\)—fraction of efficient collisions to agglomeration.** \\ \hline \hline \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Overall rate for diminishing of particles [95,150]: \(-\frac{dN}{dt}=4\kappa N\left[\frac{kT}{3\mu}N+\frac{G\Phi}{\pi}\right]\), usually \(G=10/s\), \(\phi=10^{-4}\), \(\alpha=10^{-1}\), and \(t=10^{3}\) s.** \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 8: Orthokinetic flocculation versus perikinetic coagulation [95,96,150]. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l l l l l l l} \hline
**Type of Hybrid Materials** & **Hybrid Materials** & **Dosage** & **Wastewater Type** & **Wastewater Characteristics** & **Expigenetics Conditions** & **Removal Efficiency (Ci)** & **Reference** \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{\ \begin{tabular}{} \end{tabular}  } & PFSA & \multirow{3}{*}{16 mg/L} & Simulated dye & 0.1 g/L, & Rapid mixing 300 rpm for 2 min, & \multirow{3}{*}{Dye 93.3\%} & [12] \\  & (Poly-terific-allocate-acetate) & & wastewater (Congo & pH7.30 \(\pm\) 0.10; temperature, & & & & \\  & & Red) & 20 \(\pm\) 2\({}^{\circ}\) & & settle for 20 min & \\  & & & Red) & & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{ \begin{tabular}{} \end{tabular}  } & PAC & \multirow{3}{*}{30 mg/L} & \multirow{3}{*}{Real textile wastewater} & Color: 91.7 \(\pm\) 11.4 \(\mathrm{M}\mathrm{Y}\mathrm{G}\mathrm{G}\mathrm{G}\mathrm{G}\mathrm{G} \mathrm{G}\mathrm{G}\mathrm{