## 2 Materials and Methods
### Materials and Experimental Design  
The experiment was established using randomized blocks with four replications (plots of 1.5 \(\times\) 6.67 m\({}^{2}\)). The following treatment units were included: (1) control plots (with no treatment) (2) plots sprayed with AGRO-SORB(r)? Helium, containing amino acids, at a dose of 2 dm\({}^{3}\).ha\({}^{-1}\), (3) plots sprayed with Tytanti(r), containing Ti, at a dose of 0.4 dm\({}^{3}\).ha\({}^{-1}\), (4) plots sprayed with both AGRO-SORB(r)? Helium at a dose of 2 dm\({}^{3}\).ha\({}^{-1}\) and with Tytanti(r)? at a dose of 0.4 dm\({}^{3}\).ha\({}^{-1}\). Treatment was carried out three times a year, before each growth cycle. The first foliar spraying was conducted within 5 days after the start of the growing season, while the second and third 5-6 days after the first and second harvests.  
The spraying liquid was prepared by dissolving the appropriate amounts of amino acid and Ti products in a volume of water needed for a dose of 300 dm\({}^{3}\).ha\({}^{-1}\). The amino acid product used in the experiment was AGRO-SORB(r)? Helium produced by BIOPHARMACOTECH Ltd. (limited partnership) with its registered office in Czestochowa (Poland). It is a growth stimulant with biologically active 18 free amino acids (L-alpha) obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis. In its composition the product contains the following amino acids (at least 9.3% by weight, 100 g in 1000 mL): aspartic acid 0.450%, serine 0.321%, glutamic acid 1.814%, glycine 2.743%, histidine 0.208%, arginine 0.131%, threonine 0.323%, alanine 0.524%, proline 0.347%, cysteine 0.435%, tyrosine 0.174%, valine 0.551%, methionine 0.349%, lysine 0.661%, isoelucine 0.308%, leucine 0.180%, phenylalanine 0.218% and tryptophan 0.05%. In turn, Titanite(r) contains 8.5 g of Ti in 1 litre of solution. The product is classified as a mineral growth stimulant (Ministry of Agriculture, decision No. S-237/11), produced by INTERMAG Ltd. in Olkusz, Poland.  
Figure 1: Rainfall and average air temperature at the Prusy Experimental Station of the Agricultural University of Krakow in the years 2020.  
During the research period, basic mineral fertilizers were also applied: 80 kg N ha\({}^{-1}\) before the first growth cycle and 60 kg N ha\({}^{-1}\) before the second and third, as 34% N ammonium nitrate. Phosphorus was used once in the spring in the amount of 34.9 kg P ha\({}^{-1}\) in the form of enriched superphosphate of 17.4% P and potassium before the first and third growth cycle as 49.8% potassium salt of 49.8 kg K ha\({}^{-1}\). The grass was harvested at a height of 6-7 cm, at the caring stage in the first cut and after seven weeks of growth in the second and third.  
In the collected plant material, the chemical composition was determined. Dry matter content was measured by drying the plant material at a temperature of 105 \({}^{\circ}\)C. Determination of the content of minerals, i.e., calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, was performed by atomic absorption spectrometry with atomization in the flame (the FAAS method, spectrometer Varian AA240 FS), according to Polish Standard PN-EN 15505:2009. In turn, the determination of the total phosphorus content was performed by UV-VIS spectrophotometry, with an addition of a mixture of ammonium monovanadate (V), ammonium, and heptamolybdate as a coloring reagent, after prior mineralization of the sample according to Polish Standard PN-ISO 13730:1999.