## 1 Introduction  
In recent years, the frequent occurrence of sudden incidents such as natural disasters, accidents, public health events, and social security incidents has caused serious losses and threats to people's lives, property, safety, and social stability [1]. Furthermore, disaster events often come with various crises, impacting the restoration of social order and the implementation of emergency rescue operations, and may even trigger secondary crises. The frequency and impact of these emergencies are on an upward trend, posing serious challenges to people's lives and mental health [2]. From natural hazards to social crises, these events not only result in material losses but also have profound and lasting effects on the mental health of survivors and the general public [3]. For example, the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami and the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake [4], the 2001 terrorist attacks and the 2015 Paris attacks [5], the Chernobyl nuclear disaster and the Fukushima nuclear accident [6, 7], as well as the 2003 SARS outbreak, the 2009 H1N1 pandemic, and the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic [8; 9] have had long-lasting effects on the mental health of survivors and the general public. Emergencies can cause symptoms such as Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), acute stress reactions, depression, and impaired social functioning among the public. If such crises are not promptly addressed, they may disrupt the harmony of the affected families and communities, trigger social panic and mass incidents, and become factors of social instability [10]. Therefore, psychological crisis intervention has become an indispensable part of emergency management, and effectively addressing psychological crises during emergencies is crucial. The emergence of psychological issues is often the result of the interaction between humans and their social and physical environments [11]. The complexity of the social environment and physical factors such as natural disasters not only affect public mental health but may also exacerbate existing psychological crises, with long-term impacts on the psychological recovery of those affected [12]. Globally, particularly in resource-limited areas, access to mental health services is constrained by infrastructure, cultural factors, and social awareness, leading to significant differences in the effectiveness of psychological crisis interventions [13]. Studies have shown that changes in physical environmental conditions, such as natural disasters, directly impact people's health and psychological well-being [14]. The occurrence of major disasters can lead to significant psychological crises for people. Psychological crises can persist in the subconscious for an extended period, potentially affecting normal work and life in the future [15]. It is essential to emphasize the importance of psychological counseling and support, both in establishing emergency response mechanisms and during the disaster recovery process [16]. In recent years, countries around the world have increasingly prioritized psychological crisis intervention, incorporating it into disaster prevention, mitigation, and emergency management systems. Through effective psychological interventions, it is possible to reduce the psychological risks brought by disasters, enhance post-disaster recovery capabilities, and further strengthen the overall effectiveness of disaster prevention and mitigation efforts. Although the government has implemented a series of policies to address mental health issues and intervene in psychological crises, these measures have laid a foundation for improving the public's mental health and responding to psychological crises after disasters [17]. However, significant challenges remain at the practical operation and execution levels. Current resources for psychological crisis intervention often appear fragmented and dispersed in disaster prevention, mitigation, and risk management, lacking effective integration and synergy [18].