## 3 Research Background and Hypotheses
### Financial Considerations  
Numerous studies have emphasized the significance of financial considerations in implementing green logistics [16; 17; 18; 19; 23]. Financial feasibility, initial investment costs, return on investment, and long-term cost savings are critical factors associated with green logistics technologies. Governments and local agencies support investments in pollution control and environmental problem-solving, highlighting the importance of organizational financial capability in enhancing value and marketability [77; 78]. Research shows that financial ability, technological innovation, and government policy positively impact green transformation efficiency, as seen in China's manufacturing industry [79; 80]. Customer willingness to pay for eco-friendly products drives green supply chain practices, influencing retail pricing and motivating green technology investment [81; 82]. Cooperation between suppliers and \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{p{42.7 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt}} \hline \hline
**Code** & **Factor** & **Description** \\ \hline V4F1 & Regulatory Frameworks & This considers the influence of government regulations and legal requirements on the adoption of green logistics technologies. It includes compliance with environmental laws, adherence to sustainability standards, and the impact of regulatory incentives or penalties [16; 17; 18]. \\ \hline V4F2 & Environmental Standards & This factor assesses the role of industry and international environmental standards in guiding the adoption and implementation of green logistics technologies. It considers certifications such as ISO 14001 and the organization’s commitment to meeting or exceeding these standards [16; 17; 18]. \\ \hline V4F3 & Policy Support & This evaluates the support provided by governmental and non-governmental policies in promoting green logistics practices. It includes subsidies, tax incentives, grants, and other policy instruments designed to encourage the adoption of sustainable technologies [19]. \\ \hline V4F4 & Collaboration and Partnerships & This factor examines the extent and effectiveness of collaborations and partnerships aimed at advancing green logistics initiatives. It considers joint ventures with technology providers, participation in sustainability consortia, and partnerships with environmental organizations [19]. \\ \hline V4F5 & Awareness and Communication & This assesses the efforts made by the organization to raise awareness and communicate about its green logistics practices. It includes internal and external communication strategies, educational programs, and marketing initiatives related to sustainability [23; 25]. \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 5: The main factors of the government regulation that significantly impact the adoption of green logistics. customers in green logistics operations positively affects sustainable consumption behavior, though high transaction costs can hinder this relationship [83; 84]. Competitiveness in the logistics industry is influenced by costs, services, human resources, and networks. The capacity for innovation is crucial for maintaining competitiveness, with successful market players generating improvements in services, facilities, and infrastructure [85; 86]. Collaboration with other logistics businesses can reduce costs and enhance resilience. Economic and financial factors related to company profitability, with economic aspects often seen as barriers due to the long-term nature of financial benefits from Green Logistics Practices (GLPs) [51; 87; 88]. While GLPs require significant investments, they can reduce operational costs. However, a lack of financial incentives and uncertainty about payback times increases hesitation about adopting GLPs [89; 90]. Barriers to green logistics include a lack of communication and coordination, technical difficulties, and costs. Acquiring advanced technologies and employee training are investment intensive.