## 3 Results
### Antioxidant Enzyme Activity upon Bacterial-Fungal Inoculation: From Root to Fruit
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & \multicolumn{8}{c}{**Growing Season**} \\ \cline{2-13}  & \multicolumn{8}{c}{**2012**} & \multicolumn{8}{c}{**2013**} \\ \cline{2-13}
**Component** & \multicolumn{8}{c}{**Source of Variation**} \\ \cline{2-13}  & \multicolumn{8}{c}{**Cultivar (A)**} & \multicolumn{8}{c}{**Inoculation (B)**} & \multicolumn{8}{c}{**Interaction:**} \\ \cline{2-13}  & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Abl**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Abl**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Abl**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Abl**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Abl**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Abl**} \\ \hline
**df** & **2** & **1** & & **2** & & **2** & & **1** & & **2** \\ \hline \multicolumn{13}{c}{ROOT} \\ \hline L-AA+DHAA & 30.2 & *** & 15.8 & *** & 7.62 & ** & 30.2 & *** & 74.6 & *** & 8.47 & ** \\ L-Cys & 9.49 & ** & 25.5 & *** & 3.65 & * & 6.96 & ** & 2.00 & ns & 0.99 & ns \\ GSH+GSSG & 1.05 & ns & 25.2 & *** & 4.60 & * & 6.82 & ** & 19.7 & *** & 8.10 & ** \\ TPC & 1.17 & ns & 0.02 & ns & 0.95 & ns & 0.94 & ns & 0.06 & ns & 0.30 & ns \\ GR & 618 & *** & 87.6 & *** & 9.49 & ** & 9.03 & ** & 43.7 & *** & 4.14 & * \\ CAT & 13.7 & *** & 19.2 & *** & 0.70 & ns & 14.3 & *** & 5.97 & * & 6.21 & ** \\ \hline \multicolumn{13}{c}{LEAF} \\ \hline L-AA+DHAA & 0.58 & ns & 1.67 & ns & 4.88 & * & 11.8 & *** & 0.34 & ns & 5.16 & * \\ L-Cys & 6.35 & ** & 0.68 & ns & 0.24 & ns & 26.5 & *** & 29.3 & *** & 8.27 & ** \\ GSH + CSSG & 1.94 & ns & 6.25 & * & 0.23 & ns & 28.1 & *** & 24.3 & *** & 6.81 & ** \\ TPC & 1.47 & ns & 0.57 & ns & 0.39 & ns & 8.82 & ** & 6.46 & * & 7.16 & ** \\ GR & 5.41 & * & 11.3 & ** & 0.29 & ns & 32.4 & *** & 1.99 & ns & 2.01 & ns \\ CAT & 4.47 & * & 7.02 & * & 1.53 & ns & 11.9 & *** & 3.05 & ns & 7.37 & ** \\ \hline \multicolumn{13}{c}{FRUIT} \\ \hline L-AA+DHAA & 10.5 & *** & 0.07 & ns & 6.79 & ** & 19.9 & *** & 1.68 & ns & 0.99 & ns \\ L-Cys & 26.7 & *** & 2.55 & ns & 0.45 & ns & 0.89 & ns & 0.00 & ns & 1.79 & ns \\ GSH+GSSG & 23.9 & ** & 2.85 & ns & 0.55 & ns & 7.89 & ** & 0.00 & ns & 0.33 & ns \\ TPC & 8.61 & ** & 0.55 & ns & 2.48 & ns & 10.6 & *** & 3.25 & ns & 4.35 & * \\ GR & 2.34 & ns & 0.09 & ns & 1.95 & ns & 38.4 & *** & 0.00 & ns & 0.18 & ns \\ CAT & 25.7 & *** & 6.92 & ** & 1.58 & ns & 1.36 & ns & 0.14 & ns & 0.14 & ns \\ \hline \multicolumn{13}{c}{*** significant at \(\alpha\) = 0.001; ** significant at \(\alpha\) = 0.01;* significant at \(\alpha\) = 0.05; ns—non-significant; L-AA+DHAA: total ascorbate content (the sum of the reduced (L-AA) and oxidized (DHAA) forms; L-Cys: L-cysteine; GSH+GSSG: total glutathione content the sum of the reduced (GSH) and oxidized (GSSG) forms; TPC: total phenolics; GR: glutathione reductase; CAT: catalase.} \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Summary of analysis of variance (ANOVA) for the components tested. Values of F for particular sources of variation and their significance depending on the growing season, tissue type, and component tested. Leaves. A significant influence of inoculation on GR activity was identified in 2012, with leaf GR activity increasing in treated plants from 15% ('Topaz') to 25% ('Chopin', 'Odra') compared with the leaves of the control trees (Table 2). In the following year, this effect was maintained in the case of the 'Chopin' cultivar only. Other cultivars expressed a similar level of leaf GR activity irrespective of the treatments. In contrast to GR, the CAT activity in the leaves of inoculated plants decreased significantly in 2012 (Table 2). All the examined cultivars expressed a similar behavior, with the largest drop exhibited by 'Topaz' and the smallest by 'Odra'. In turn, in 2013, an increase in CAT activity in the leaves of treated apple trees was revealed in the 'Chopin' and 'Odra' cultivars, while the leaves of the 'Topaz' control plants, similarly to 2012, were characterized by a greater activity of this enzyme. Fruit. Glutathione reductase activity in the apple peel of non-inoculated and inoculated plants was similar in both growing seasons (Table 2).