## 7 Conclusions  
In conclusion, this study presented discernments into the lane change behavior, correct lane usage, and turn signal usage of drivers in signalized and non-signalized roundabouts. The analysis of the collected data revealed several noteworthy patterns and associations. The study highlighted the impact of traffic signalization on driver behavior in roundabouts. Signalized roundabouts had higher rates of lane change and turn signal usage, indicating the influence of traffic signals in regulating driver actions. However, it was crucial to promote safe driving practices and encourage adherence to designated lanes regardless of roundabout signalization. The findings underscored the importance of traffic control measures, clear lane markings, and signage in facilitating smoother and safer roundabout operations. Nevertheless, there are several limitations to acknowledge. The relatively small sample size may not fully capture the broader driving habits in Qatar. Additionally, focusing on a limited number of roundabouts might not reflect the diversity in driver behavior across different locations and times of day. Several challenges were encountered, such as the precise and consistent observation of driver actions, which can be subjective and prone to human error. The variability in traffic and environmental conditions also introduced factors that could affect the reliability of our findings. Future research should consider increasing the sample size and including a broader range of roundabouts to better represent general driving patterns. Incorporating additional variables, such as pedestrian presence, weather conditions, and time-of-day differences, could provide a more detailed picture of driver behavior. Employing advanced data collection techniques, such as video analysis and automated sensors, could improve the accuracy and objectivity of observations. Securing additional funding would significantly benefit future studies. Increased funding could support larger sample sizes, the inclusion of more diverse locations, and the implementation of sophisticated data collection methods. This financial support would enable a broader analysis, ultimately leading to more effective traffic management strategies and improved safety in roundabouts. By addressing these limitations and challenges, and with increased funding, future research can build on our findings to develop more effective policies and interventions for roundabout safety and efficiency. The findings offer a significant understanding of the effectiveness of these two roundabout types in enhancing road safety and traffic efficiency:  
1. Turn Signal Usage: The analysis revealed a marked difference in turn signal usage between signalized and non-signalized roundabouts. Signalized roundabouts exhibited a higher compliance rate, with up to 45% of drivers using turn signals appropriately, compared to only 20% in non-signalized roundabouts. This suggests that traffic signals positively influence driver compliance with signaling requirements, likely due to the structured guidance provided by signals;
2. Lane Change Behavior: The rate of lane change in signalized roundabouts was observed to be 31%, whereas it was 14% in non-signalized roundabouts. Lane change behavior was observed to be more frequent in signalized roundabouts, where drivers changed lanes more often than in non-signalized roundabouts. This increased frequency may be attributed to the need for drivers to position themselves correctly in response to traffic signals. However, the frequent lane changes also indicate potential areas for improvement in roundabout design and traffic management to minimize unnecessary lane changes and enhance safety;3. Correct Lane Usage: Correct lane usage was significantly better in signalized roundabouts, with a compliance rate of 60% compared to 35% in non-signalized roundabouts. This finding underscores the role of traffic signals in guiding drivers to use the appropriate lanes, thereby reducing conflicts and improving overall traffic flow;
4.