## 2 Literature Review  
Mixed Reality is a term proposed by [PERSON] and [PERSON] in 1994 [7]. They introduced the concept of Mixed Reality by proposing a reality-virtual continuum. Assuming that the left extreme is the real environment and the right extreme is the virtual environment, AR is defined as augmented virtual objects in the real environment, and Augmented Virtuality is defined as augmented real objects in the virtual environment. Mixed Reality means mixing AR and Augmented Virtuality (AV) technologies. MR provides users with close-to-reality visualization by superimposing 3D virtual objects in the real world. MR technology has been mainly used to visualize BIM content for communication among project stakeholders in the AEC industry. [PERSON] and [PERSON] (2018) conducted a quasi-experiment that compared the performance of electrical construction personnel using traditional paper versus MR and concluded that MR enabled a significantly higher productivity rate, reduced the time required to understand the design, and led to fewer errors during the assembly process [6]. [PERSON] and [PERSON] (2021) evaluated the design review based on MR and 2D drawings by conducting a comparison experiment and found that MR-based design review can improve participants' level of understanding by 15% compared to 2D drawing verification [8]. [PERSON] et al. (2020) proposed a method for the application of MR in design coordination and presented a prototypical model [9]. They found that MR improves design productivity and quality. [PERSON] et al. (2020) proposed a framework that supports on-site operations during the facility management stage using BIM, MR, and a cloud-based system [10]. [PERSON] et al. (2017) presented a framework for an MR application to improve building inspector work for historical and cultural buildings [11]. [PERSON] et al. (2014) presented the rationales for the on-site information system for construction site activities and combined the methods of configuring BIM and AR prototypes [12]. They concluded that this solution could address low productivity in retrieving information, the tendency to commit an assembly error, and low communication efficiency. [PERSON] et al. (2022) developed a BIM-based MR application to inspect bridges and confirmed that bridge inspection work could be improved [13]. [PERSON] et al. (2019) proposed an MR application based on BIM data and drone videos for off-site construction supervision [14]. Regarding construction education, MR was effectively used in construction education [15; 16]. Remote collaboration begins when physically distant people share the same visual or auditory information. Various MR applications have been proposed for remote collaboration because MR provides excellent visual effects. Most remote collaboration studies are summarized as an effort to evaluate the effectiveness of communication cues such as point, sketch, and hand gestures. [PERSON] et al. (2019) developed a hybrid prototype of 360-degree live video and 3D virtual reconstruction for remote collaboration and found that participants performed significantly better on collaborative search tasks in a 360-degree live video [17]. [PERSON] et al. (2020) presented an MR remote collaboration system that enables a worker to share a live 3D panorama of the surroundings with a remote expert [18]. They found that combining gaze and gesture cues provided a stronger sense of co-presence than when using gaze cues alone. [PERSON] et al. (2020) evaluated the effects of several visual communication cues (e.g., pointer, sketch, and hand gesture) through a user study and found that the hand gesture cue is the main visual communication cue, and the sketch cue helps hand gesture cue [19]. [PERSON] et al. (2020) presented an MR remote collaboration system that shares spatial auditory and visual cues [20]. They found that the spatialized remote expert's voice and auditory beacons enabled local workers to find small occluded objects with significantly stronger spatial perception.