# Methodology for Verification of Geometrically Complex Components Through Reverse Engineering
## 2 Materials and Methods
### Identification of Critical Factors Affecting Accuracy  
The dimensional accuracy of cabin weldments is a crucial factor influencing their functionality, assembly, and overall quality. Dimensional inconsistencies arise due to multiple critical factors that impact various stages of the manufacturing process. The most common causes include inconsistent quality of input semi-finished products, thermal deformations during welding, inaccuracies in welding fixtures, and improperly configured welding parameters. In the case of complex structures, these errors may become irreparable, meaning that inaccuracies in individual components can have a significant impact on the final product and lead to costly rework or rejection. Even minor geometric deviations can cause substantial issues during assembly, such as misalignment of parts, restricted functionality of moving components, or a reduction in the aesthetic quality of the final product [10; 11]. In the production of complex structures such as cabins, even small dimensional and geometric deviations can accumulate over time, leading to significant overall defects and affecting the quality of the final product. These deviations can occur during various stages of production and material processing, significantly impacting the precision and proper functioning of the final assembly process. Figure 1 illustrates a welded cabin structure where dimensional deviations arise due to several potential factors. One of the main causes is errors in the processing technology, such as laser cutting or material bending. Although these technologies are highly precise, they can sometimes cause minor material deformations, which later manifest as deviations in the final dimensions of the parts. Additionally, defects in the semi-finished products, such as waves, bumps, or incorrectly cut sections, may also cause deviations that accumulate and affect the quality of the final structure. A visible misalignment in the joint precision, which appears as an evident deviation between the joined parts, causes improper fitting of individual components. These misaligned joints later reflect in incorrect assembly, where components that should fit together do not match precisely, complicating the subsequent assembly phase. This leads to problems when joining individual cabin parts, which may result in irregular seating or improper connections between different parts of the structure. These issues often require additional adjustments or repairs, which can significantly extend production time and increase costs. One of the primary challenges in geometrically complex components is thermal deformation, which occurs due to uneven heating and cooling of the material. This phenomenon causes shrinkage, displacement, and warping of parts, leading to deviations from the required dimensions. Another critical factor is the quality of semi-finished materials, where material inhomogeneity and residual stress contribute to deformations even in the initial phases of the process [12]. Improperly designed or worn-out welding fixtures can negatively affect the correct positioning of components, increasing the likelihood of dimensional errors. Similarly, incorrect welding parameter settings--such as welding speed, current, or voltage--can result in poor-quality weld joints and uneven stress distribution within the material. To mitigate these issues, thorough process planning, optimization, and the implementation of appropriate control mechanisms are essential. The use of simulation tools allows for the prediction and minimization of thermal deformations already in the design phase. Additionally, regular quality control of input materials, calibration of fixtures, and personnel training play a crucial role. The proper identification and resolution of these critical factors are fundamental to achieving the required accuracy of cabin weldments and ensuring long-term reliability [13; 14].