# The Campus as a Smart City: University of Malaga Environmental, Learning, and Research Approaches
## 3 UMA IoT and Telecommunication Infrastructure
### Smart-Campus ICT Framework, Architecture, and Methodology
* Final testing, evaluation, and compliance tests are performed for the complete system, classically followed by training sessions for UMA concerned staff and their parallel evaluation of the fully integrated behavior of the deployed infrastructure. As represented in the figure and further detailed in following subsections, at the current UMA status, three main IoT infrastructures can be identified (marked with vertically dashed rectangles)--a set of smart meters together with an irrigation control system (to be described in Section 3.2) and the UMAIoT/RAT testbed (Section 3.4). The Operations, Administration, and Management (OAM) layer is where the measurements coming from the different sensors and devices are stored and from where the actions can be launched to the actuators. The different infrastructures commonly have their own dedicated OAM platform. An additional wide-scope OAMSmartCampus platform gathers the data across all the different infrastructures to provide a centralized point for all further activities. The connection between the IoT nodes and the OAM is the main task of the elements of the RAT layer [18]. Often, the RATs are specifically deployed for each infrastructure by means of different gateways (GWs). These GWs implement one of the multiple wireless technologies commercially available, e.g., Zigbee. However, depending on the availability of the communications in each area and the capabilities of the motes, the connectivity might be provided directly by the general network (Net) infrastructure of the campus, or this might serve as backhaul. This general network is typically based on Ethernet and Wi-Fi connections distributed through the campus for their use by students and staff. Alternatively, the link can be provided by a telecommunication operator based on cellular communications or centralized IoT RATs (e.g., Sigfox). Parallel to these IoT systems is the UMA cellular telecommunication infrastructure dedicated to research, particularly the UMA Heterogeneous Network (UMAHetNet). As is further detailed in Section 3.3, the UMAHetNet consists of a complete Wi-Fi and Long-Term Evolution (LTE) cellular core and picocells. Its main task is to provide a testbed for cellular telecommunication research and learning, giving service to different user equipment (UE) such as smartphones and special testing devices. Moreover, it is also used to provide radio access connectivity to the motes. The different elements, their number (Nr. ), and the telecommunication access technologies of each infrastructure are summarized in Table 2.  
In the following subsections, their various details, characteristics, and applications are described. All heterogeneous systems further detailed in the next subsections are the bases to supporting the activities of the Analysis, Research, and Learning (ARL) layer. Here, the different applications of the Smart-Campus are performed and integrated by students, staff, professors, and external experimenters in the OAMSmartCampus platform in which they are run. Some main initiatives involving the ARL layer are described in Section 4.