## 3 Data Preparation
### Micro-Driving Behavior Data Collection  
The micro-driving behavior data was collected using the Tongji University driving simulator, as illustrated in Figure 3 and previously discussed in [20]. A summary is provided here. The simulator dome contains a fully equipped Renault Megane III vehicle cab installed on an eight-degree-of-freedom motion system with an X-Y motion range of 20 \(\times\) 5 m. An immersive five-projector system delivers a front image view of 250\({}^{\circ}\)\(\times\) 40\({}^{\circ}\) at 1400 \(\times\) 1050 resolution refreshed at 60 Hz. The motion system can provide acceleration in all directions within the range of \(-\)6.5 m/s\({}^{2}\) to +6.5 m/s\({}^{2}\). \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \multicolumn{6}{c}{**Continuous Variable**} \\ \hline
**Variables** & **Description** & **Mean** & **S.D.** & **Min** & **Max** \\ \hline \(L_{cc}(m)\) & Length of circular curve & 211.13 & 122.64 & 35.00 & 490.76 \\ \(L_{at}(m)\) & Length of approach transition & 101.10 & 25.30 & 0.00 & 160.00 \\ \(L_{dt}(m)\) & Length of departure transition & 101.74 & 25.08 & 0.00 & 155.00 \\ \(R(m)\) & Radius of combined curve & 821.56 & 447.23 & 400.00 & 2500.00 \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: _Cont._ \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline
**Variables** & **Description** & **Mean** & **S.D.** & **Min** & **Max** \\ \hline \(\Delta\)C\({}_{p}\)\({}^{1}\) & The preceding curvature change & 0.00079 & 0.00048 & 0.00004 & 0.0020 \\ \(\Delta\)G\({}_{p}\)\({}^{2}\) & The slope change of the preceding section & 3.45 & 3.57 & 0.00 & 12.00 \\ \(\Delta\)C\({}_{f}\)\({}^{3}\) & The following curvature change & 0.00079 & 0.0005 & 0.00005 & 0.0024 \\ \(\Delta\)G\({}_{f}\)\({}^{4}\) & The slope change of the following section & 1.93226 & 1.93277 & 0.00 & 9.00 \\ \hline \end{tabular} \({}^{1}\) The difference in curvature between the preceding segment of the combined curve and the current combined curve. \({}^{2}\) The difference in slope between the preceding segment of the combined curve and the current curve. \({}^{3}\) The difference in curvature between the following segment of the combined curve and the current combined curve. \({}^{4}\) The difference in slope between the following segment of the combined curve and the current combined curve.  
\end{table} 
Table 2: Geometric design changes of combined curve and adjacent segments. Figure 2: Configuration of the four types of combined curves. The result of a sickness test from previous studies on the motion system of the same road exceeded the commonly used standard of 75% (17; 21). The simulated roadway environment is displayed using SCANeRTM studio software, and a force feedback system acquires data from the steering wheel, pedals, and gear shift lever to control the simulation. The researchers selected 30 drivers based on the population distribution of gender and age among drivers in Hunan province. Of the participants, 22 were male and 8 were female, representing 26.7% of the sample. The age range of participants was between 23 and 59 years, with a mean of 36.5 years (SD = 10.4). There is a significant population of novice drivers in China. In Hunan province in 2013, the number of car drivers with cumulative driving experience of one year or less was 781,900, accounting for approximately 12.6% of all drivers in Hunan province (22). Driving experience was also taken into consideration. According to the \"Provisions on the Issuance and Use of Motor Vehicle Driving Licenses\" promulgated by the Ministry of Public Security of China, drivers have a one-year probationary period after their initial application for a driving license or the addition of the driving category. After the practice period and gaining certain driving experience, drivers are allowed to drive alone on freeways (23). Consequently, in the driving simulator experiment all participants were required to have driven at least 10,000 total kilometers and to have averaged at least 3000 km annually.