# Signature Modes of Old and New Violins with Symmetric Anatomical Wood Structure
## 3 Results and Discussions  
### Symmetries in the Anatomical Structure of the Plates in the Construction of Old Violins  
The macroscopic anatomical characteristics of the spruce and maple wood in the construction of the analyzed violins, presented as mean values and standard deviations, are centralized in Table 1. The spruce wood used for the Stradivarius Elder Voicu 1702 violin is characterized by very fine annual rings, with an average width of 0.672 mm. Average values under 1 mm wide are also found for new violins and the Copy Stainer violin. The highest proportions of late wood (over 37%) are found in the Stradivarius Elder Voicu 1702, Klotz 1747 and Gliga violins (Figure 5). Analyzing the structure of the maple wood of the back plate, it was observed that the violins with the narrowest annual rings are Stradivarius Elder Voicu 1702, Klotz 1747 and Babos 1920. In terms of the wavelength of the curly fiber, wavy fibers are found in new violins and old violins such as the Leeb 1742 and Stradivarius Elder Voicu 1702. It has been found that frequently strung and aged instruments show either degraded areas of wood and/or finish, or a pattern of wear due to varnish degradation after extensive manipulation and use by the violinist [30,34,35]. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & & & & & & \\ \hline \multicolumn{6}{c}{**Topic Plate**} \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{\begin{tabular}{c} **Studied** \\ **Violins** \\ \end{tabular} } & \multicolumn{2}{c}{\begin{tabular}{c} **The Width of** \\ **the Annual** \\ **Rings (mm)** \\ \end{tabular} } & \multicolumn{2}{c}{\begin{tabular}{c} **The Width of** \\ **Late Wood** \\ **(mm)** \\ \end{tabular} } & \multicolumn{2}{c}{\begin{tabular}{c} **The Width of** \\ **Explly Wood** \\ **(\%)** \\ \end{tabular} } & \multicolumn{2}{c}{\begin{tabular}{c} **The** \\ **Reportion of** \\ **Late Wood (\%)** \\ \end{tabular} } & \multicolumn{2}{c}{\
\begin{tabular}{c} **The Width of** \\ **the Annual** \\ **Rings (mm)** \\ \end{tabular} } & \multicolumn{2}{c}{
\begin{tabular}{c} **The** \\ **the Curly** \\ **Fiber (mm)** \\ \end{tabular} } \\ \hline Stradivarius & 0.672 & 0.432 & 0.242 & 60.787 & 39.213 (10.269) & 1.081 (0.461) & 5.754 \\
1702 & (0.363) & (0.3) & (0.087) & (10.269) & 39.213 (10.269) & 1.081 (0.461) & (1.857) \\
1716 & 2.247 & 1.676 & 0.496 & 76.184 & 23.816 & 1.908 (0.531) & 4.021 \\
15.0 & (0.567) & (0.518) & (0.178) & (9.152) & (9.152) & & (1.577) \\
1742 & 1.53 & 1.148 & 0.382 & 73.564 & 26.436 & 26.421 \\
18.0 & (0.49) & (0.467) & (0.122) & (8.507) & (8.507) & 1.246 (0.658) & (2.422) \\
18.0 & 1.251 & 0.792 & 0.459 & 62.635 & 37.365 & 1.063 (0.902) & NA \\
18.0 & (0.403) & (0.304) & (0.162) & (8.7) & (8.7) & 1.063 (0.902) & NA \\
18.0 & 1.891 & 1.449 & 0.442 & 74.379 & 25.203 & 3.946 \\
18.0 & (0.612) & (0.601) & (0.158) & (9.942) & (9.942) & 1.026 (0.527) & 3.946 \\
18.0 & 0.985 & 0.689 & 0.3 & 66.127 & 33.873 (11.286) & 1.277 (0.297) & 4.984 \\
18.0 & (0.527) & (0.45) & (0.118) & (11.286) & 33.873 (11.286) & 1.277 (0.297) & (1.589) \\
18.0 & 1.327 & 0.907 & 0.42 & 67.689 & 32.311 & 4.563 (1.105) & 4.585 \\
18.0 & (0.336) & (0.293) & (0.13) & (8.921) & (8.921) & 4.563 (1.105) & (1.057) \\
18.0 & 0.94 & 0.568 & 0.372 & 59.766 & 40.234 & 1.623 (0.666) & (3.371) \\
18.0 & (0.234) & (0.19) & (0.1) & (8.388) & (8.388) & (3.371) \\
18.0 & 0.977 & 0.606 & 0.370 & 61.549 & 38.450 & 4.271 \\
18.0 & (0.238) & (0.190) & (0.101) & (8.146) & 1.846) & 1.389 (0.734) & (1.960) \\
18.0 & 1.015 & 0.597 & 0.422 & 58.055 & 41.944 & 2.379 (0.935) & 5.397 \\
18.0 & (0.323) & (0.227) & (0.145) & (9.293) & (9.293) & 2.379 (0.935) & (2.342) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Anatomical characteristics of spruce and maple wood on the front and back plates of the studied violins. The analyzed violins differ from each other at a very significant level in terms of all their structural characteristics, so each violin has its structural personality, which is presented below.