## 3 Results and Discussion
### Influence of Coating Processes on the Performances of Waterborne Coatings Containing Microcapsules
#### 3.2.1 Influence of Coating Processes on Optical Performances of Waterborne Coatings
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Samples (\#)** & \begin{tabular}{c} **Number of** \\ **Primer Coatings** \\ \end{tabular} & \
\begin{tabular}{c} **Number of** \\ **Finnh Coatings** \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} **Coatings with** \\ **Microcapsules** \\ \end{tabular} & \(\mathbf{\Delta E}\) \\ \hline
1 & 2 & 2 & finish & 1.0 \\
7 & 2 & 3 & primer & 1.1 \\
6 & 3 & 2 & primer & 0.9 \\
4 & 3 & 3 & finish & 1.5 \\ Mean 1 & 1.050 & 0.950 & 1.250 & \\ Mean 2 & 1.200 & 1.300 & 1.000 & \\ Range & 0.150 & 0.350 & 0.250 & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Analysis results of the orthogonal experiment. 2.2 Influence of Coating Processes on Mechanical Performances of Waterborne Coatings Containing Microcapsules  
The effect of coating processes on mechanical performances of waterborne coatings containing microcapsules is shown in Table 5. The adhesion and hardness test results differed insignificantly. The factors indistinctively affecting the results depend on whether the microcapsules are mixed into the primer or the finish. Because the microcapsules increased the roughness and hardness of the coatings, the adhesion of the samples with microcapsule added in the finish slightly decreased and the hardness slightly enhanced. The values of impact resistance of samples No. 1-4 were all 5 kg:cm, which were lower than the values of samples No. 5-8. It indicated that the coating process of \"microcapsule added into the primer\" led to the high impact resistance, in which the primers of samples No. 6 and No. 8 were coated three times so that the coating impact resistance was better. According to the data of elongation at break, it can be analyzed that the elongation at break of the waterborne coating with microcapsules is improved, because the microcapsules contain rice husk powder cellulose, which can improve the mechanical properties of the coating and enhance the toughness of the coating. According to the Table 5, it showed that the elongation at break of the waterborne coating with primer containing microcapsules was higher, and the toughness of sample No.6 was better. The mechanical performances of the coating by the coating processes of three times of primer, two times of finish, and microcapsules added to the primer, are the best in Table 5. At this time, the adhesion of the coating is 0, the hardness is 4H, the impact resistance is 10 kg:cm and the elongation at break is 30.90%. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Samples (\#)** & **Gloss of 20\({}^{\circ}\) (\%)** & **Gloss of 60\({}^{\circ}\) (\%)** & **Gloss of 85\({}^{\circ}\) (\%)** \\ \hline
1 & 3.5 & 10.7 & 4.2 \\
2 & 5.9 & 14.3 & 5.0 \\
3 & 3.5 & 11.9 & 3.5 \\
4 & 5.5 & 15.5 & 6.7 \\
5 & 22.0 & 42.8 & 48.9 \\
6 & 19.3 & 43.0 & 55.4 \\
7 & 15.7 & 35.1 & 37.3 \\
8 & 19.3 & 52.3 & 55.5 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: Influence of coating processes on gloss of water-based coating containing microcapsules. Figure 3: Main effects plot of number of primer coatings, number of finish coatings, and coatings with microcapsules. 2.3 Influence of Coating Processes on Liquid Resistance of Waterborne Coatings Containing Microcapsules  
The liquid resistance of waterborne coatings prepared by different coating processes was tested, and the results were shown in Table 6. It was not observed that there were obvious traces on the surface after liquid resistance tests of NaCl solution, ethanol solution, and detergent. There was no obvious difference according to the chromatic aberration. However, there were obvious red traces in the area soaked with red ink. The change of chromatic aberration of the coating with the primer containing microcapsules is relatively small. This is because the texture of the finish without microcapsules is more uniform. It formed a dense and protective layer to isolate the red ink from microcapsules and wood, resulting in less chromatic aberration change.