## 3 Results and Discussion  
### Qualitative and Quantitative Profile of Phytochemicals  
Methanol, ethanol, and distilled water are common solvents used by researchers [21; 22]. Water is currently encouraged as a solvent as it is less expensive and more environmentally friendly. Water is a highly polar solvent with a high surface tension, allowing it to wash hydrophilic compounds containing -COO or -OH groups away from plant tissues [23]. Water extracts not only small bioactive molecules but also polysaccharides and proteins. Organic solvents, on the other hand, have a certain level of solubility that is useful for optimizing both hydrophilic and hydrophobic compound extraction [24]. The results obtained from the qualitative analysis of the extracts are presented in Table 1. The metabolites analyzed include phenolics, flavonoids, terpen, steroids, saponins, coumarins, alkaloids, and tannins. Phenols were detected in all organic solvent extracts, while flavonoids were abundant in ethanol and acetone fractions. Terpenes were found to be present in all extracts but in higher amounts in the acetone extract. Steroids were only found in propanol and acetone extracts. Saponins were only noticed in the water extract. Coumarins, tannins, and alkaloids, on the other hand, were prolific in all extracts. Plants produce phytochemicals during secondary metabolism, which are usually responsible for their extensive pharmacological properties [25]. The phytochemicals detected are consistent with previous studies on the phytochemicalal content of fruits [26]. The TPC of the different solvent extracts ranged from 2 to 10 mg GAE/g dw (dry weight), as shown in Table 2. The ethanol fraction yielded the highest (\(p<\) 0.05) TPC \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Phytochemicals** & **Water** & **Ethanol** & **Methanol** & **Propanol** & **Acetone** \\ \hline Phenols & \(-\) & \(+\) & \(+\) & \(+\) & \(+\) \\ Flavonoids & \(-\) & \(++\) & \(+\) & \(+\) & \(++\) \\ Terpenes & \(+\) & \(+\) & \(+\) & \(+\) & \(++\) \\ Steroids & \(-\) & \(-\) & \(-\) & \(+\) & \(+\) \\ Saponins & \(+\) & \(-\) & \(-\) & \(-\) & \(-\) \\ Coumarins & \(+\) & \(++\) & \(++\) & \(++\) & \(++\) \\ Alkaloids & \(+\) & \(++\) & \(++\) & \(++\) & \(++\) \\ Tannins & \(+\) & \(++\) & \(++\) & \(++\) & \(++\) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} ++: Highly Present, +: Low, \(-\): Absent.  
\end{table} 
Table 1: Qualitative phytochemicalal composition of extracts. value of 9.78 \(\pm\) 0.18 mg GAE/g dw. Extracts in methanol, acetone, and propanol also yielded significant amounts of phenolic compounds. In contrast, the aqueous fraction had the lowest (_p_ < 0.05) TPC value of 2.08 \(\pm\) 0.06 mg GAE/g dw. [PERSON] [27] found that the TPC of the ethanolic extract of Tambourissa comorensis, a Tambourissa species of the Monimiaceae family from the Comoros islands, was the highest with a value of 0.896 \(\pm\) 0.06 mg GAE/g dw, and the aqueous extracts had the lowest TPC value of 0.538 \(\pm\) 0.17 mg GAE/g dw. The nature of the sample matrix and the chemical properties of the phenolics, which include concentration, polarity, molecular structure, number of aromatic rings, and hydroxyl groups, are the primary determinants of phenolic compound extraction from plant materials [28]. Ethanol and methanol yielded higher (_p_ < 0.05) TPC values due to their higher polarity and better solubility for phenolic components found in plant materials. The chemical structures of phenolic compounds, ranging from simple to polymerized, can also affect solubility [29]. TPC values obtained in this study are higher than those obtained in previous studies on fruits from the same family, making _T. ficus_ a fruit with a remarkable amount of phenolics. Table 2 shows that water is not particularly efficient at extracting flavonoids in this study (_p_ > 0.05). Water is usually better for extracting sterols, saponins, and polysaccharides.