## 5 Control and Monitoring Measures for Abrupt Geological Deformation of Shield Crossing
### Monitoring Measures
#### 5.2.2 Monitoring of Building Deformation  
As far as this project is concerned, according to the actual situation of the Jinan Metro Line R2 project, the building deformation monitoring will be carried out for half a year from the beginning of 2019. According to the actual situation and distance of the building, the buildings at the long-distance bus station within the construction scope will be selected, and C-01, C-02, C-03, C-04, C-05, and C-06 will be arranged on the building beams. The distance between the adjacent  
Make the building deformation measurement records in the construction section until the measurement results tend to be stable, and make later observations regularly. If the obtained data changes greatly, the measurement times should be increased until the data becomes stable. If the deformation of the building during the tunnel construction exceeds the allowable range, corresponding reinforcement measures should be taken immediately, and the abnormal deformation of the building can be effectively reduced by setting a protective layer, foundation reinforcement, and foundation improvement. According to the layout position of the deformation monitoring points of the building beams on the construction site, the same positions are selected in the established three-dimensional numerical model, which are numbered C-01, C-02, C-03, C-04, C-05, and C-06 in turn, corresponding to the on-site monitoring points, and the maximum deformation values of them are compared. The comparison results are shown in Table 6.  
From the monitoring results of the vertical deformation of the building beams in Table 5, it can be seen that the results obtained by six monitoring points, C-01, C-02, C-03, C-04, C-05, and C-06, are all positive (negative along the \(Z\)-axis), the monitoring values of the building beams change between 0 and 0-2 mm, and the data of each monitoring point has little change. Figure 12: Monitoring diagram of building beam deformation. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Number**} & \multicolumn{6}{c}{**Deformation Value of Building Beam/mm**} \\ \cline{2-7}  & **C-01** & **C-02** & **C-03** & **C-04** & **C-05** & **C-06** \\ \hline
91 & 0.80 & 0.92 & 1.25 & 1.33 & 1.43 & 1.56 \\
110 & 0.88 & 1.04 & 1.29 & 1.37 & 1.48 & 1.62 \\
120 & 0.94 & 1.11 & 1.32 & 1.40 & 1.52 & 1.68 \\
130 & 0.98 & 1.18 & 1.34 & 1.42 & 1.55 & 1.74 \\
139 & 1.02 & 1.22 & 1.35 & 1.44 & 1.57 & 1.76 \\
180 & 1.08 & 1.24 & 1.36 & 1.45 & 1.59 & 1.78 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 5: _Cont._From Figure 12, it can be seen that when monitoring the vertical deformation of the building beams, the increase of deformation is large at first, and, with the increase in monitoring days, the increase in deformation of the building beams becomes smaller and smaller, and finally tends to be stable. According to the comparison of the two groups of data in Table 6, it can be seen that the monitored values of building beams are generally smaller than the deformation values of beams in the numerical simulation process, and the maximum deformation values of beams monitored on the construction site are all smaller than those in the numerical simulation process in the same position, which indicates that the corresponding control measures for building deformation can better restrain the deformation of buildings. At the same time, four monitoring points, D-01, D-02, D-03, and D-04, are arranged on the column of the building, with the direction from bottom to top, and the distance between adjacent monitoring points is 6 m. The measuring points D-01 and D-04 are arranged at both ends of the column, and the rest of the measuring points are evenly distributed between both ends of the column. The deformation of the column is measured, assuming that the longitudinal deformation of the building column is positive along the tunnel excavation direction (the Y-axis is positive).