## 2 Related Work
In [PERSON]'s study, reaction times to pedestrian crossings and road crossings increased by 36%, 53%, and 94% for BAC levels of 0.03%, 0.05%, and 0.08% for pedestrian crossings and of 64%, 78%, and 116% for road crossings, respectively. Experienced drivers responded about 15% faster than younger drivers, and frequent drinkers responded approximately 11% faster than occasional drinkers [28]. Similarly, [PERSON] et al. found that driving experience and regular alcohol consumption could lessen reaction time delays under alcohol. Above all, concentration has an impact on reaction time. Therefore, it should be ensured that all subjects are concentrated [29]. [PERSON] et al. also noted a correlation between reaction time and lane deviation, observing that frequent drinkers reacted 10.2% faster than occasional drinkers and 30.5% faster than non-drinkers [30]. Research on alcohol's impact on visual performance complements these findings. [PERSON] et al. examined eye movements such as gaze direction, fixation, and saccades under the influence of alcohol, discovering that BAC affects the velocity and acceleration of these movements, achieving a general classification accuracy of 69% (74% for known individuals) [31]. [PERSON] et al. found similar results in a study using a Visual Maze test under BAC levels of 0.00% and 0.08%. Intoxicated participants showed an increased fixation duration, first fixation latency, and total number of fixations compared to the placebo [32]. [PERSON] et al. observed that both the number of fixations and the duration of eye fixationsincreased significantly with BrAC levels of 0.00%, 0.05%, and 0.1%, further indicating the impairing effect of alcohol on visual tracking [33]. [PERSON] et al. investigated the influence of alcohol on contrast sensitivity (CS) in their study of nine participants over the age of 23, showing a significant decline in CS with higher BAC levels [34]. The study by [PERSON] et al. (78 heavy drinkers (HDs), 60 light social drinkers (LDs)) explored uniform tracking and pro-saccadic and anti-saccadic eye movements. The measurements were carried out under three different BACs (0.00%, 0.04%, and 0.08%). The study showed a significant impact of alcohol on uniform tracking amplification and pro- and anti-saccadic latency, speed, and accuracy. The influence is highly dependent on the drinking habits of the participants. The HDs showed much less influence than the LDs. Likewise, the dose of alcohol had major influence on the indicators [35]. [PERSON] et al. conducted a study (five men, five women, ages 20-36) examining the correlation between eye movement and steering maneuvers under various BAC levels in their driving study. The time difference between eye movement and steering maneuver was considered. The sober driver drove with foresight, first directing their gaze toward the intended direction before turning the steering wheel. The average time difference was around 0.61 s. Conversely, the intoxated driver struggled to coordinate between eye movements and steering maneuvers effectively. The intoxated driver synchronized their eye movements almost simultaneously with steering actions, directing their gaze toward their intended direction while providing steering input. The time advantage of the eye movement was minimal and was about one-tenth of a second (0.098 s). The time advantage of the eyes diminishes linearly with the amount of alcohol consumed. Additionally, speed influences the time advantage of the eyes, decreasing as the driver's speed increases [15]. In summary, previous studies have illustrated the detrimental effects of alcohol on both driving behavior and visual capabilities. Driving impairments under the influence of alcohol range from erratic steering and lane deviation to delayed reaction times and increased speed instability. Visual performance is similarly affected, with prolonged fixation, reduced contrast sensitivity, and compromised eye-hand coordination. However, the interaction between these impaired visual and driving behaviors remains unexamined.