# Monitoring Perishable Commodities Using Cellular IoT:
## 4 Conclusions  
Reducing supply chain losses of perishable products is a pressing need. Proper monitoring of environmental conditions that impact product quality, such as temperature and humidity, is essential to identifying deficiencies and mitigating deterioration and spoilage during storage and transport. However, affordable devices enabling real-time wireless data transmission for live remote monitoring remain lacking. The compact, portabledaggerdaggerdesigned, built and tested in this paper provides an innovative solution, incorporating high-accuracy sensors with LPWAN communication protocols for low-power, long-range wireless connectivity into a single small device. The tests carried out demonstrate that the designed monitoring system successfully achieves wireless transmission of real-time sensor data on key environmental parameters such as temperature, relative humidity, CO2 concentration, luminosity and vibrations along the entire supply chain of perishable products. Strategies employed to minimize power consumption, including the use of LPWAN communication protocols such as NB-IoT and optimized hardware and software designs, enable the datalogger to achieve extended battery life, thus covering entire transport and storage cycles over several weeks. The architecture of a single portable device that integrates the sensors and wireless communication capability makes it faster and simpler to use compared to existing solutions that employ several components, having the SIM card integrated and allowing automatic switching between communication protocols, simplifying connectivity. Easy access to real-time data through the cloud platform and alarm notifications to the cell phone also improve monitoring and quality control capabilities over traditional passive dataloggers that rely on manual retrieval of data afterwards. The success of the tests carried out demonstrates both the functionality of the instrumentation system to wirelessly transmit sensor data in real time along the entire supply chain and its reliability during prolonged operation thanks to consumption optimization strategies. Moreover, the designed solution is affordable and compact, satisfying the need for accessible and easy-to-use devices that allow live remote monitoring in order to identify and reduce food losses. The developed datalogger offers several advantages over existing market solutions [71; 72], making it an ideal option for real-time monitoring in the supply chain. Unlike most commercial devices that focus on temperature and humidity, our datalogger simultaneously measures temperature, relative humidity, CO2 concentration, luminosity, vibrations and geolocation, all within a single, compact, cost-effective design. This eliminates the need for multiple devices or bulky setups. Many competing systems rely on larger devices or separate components, normally separating sensors and gateways, which increases both size and complexity. Our system also leverages LPWAN technologies for lower power consumption and longer autonomy, specifically using NB-IoT and LTE-M, outperforming commercial alternatives using 2G, 3G or 4G. Additionally, it determines geolocation through cell tower codes rather than energy-intensive GPS, as it is done in commercial solutions, further enhancing efficiency. Integrated cloud connectivity with a real-time visualization interface adds convenience, which is often missing or requires separate solutions in other systems. By combining real-time monitoring, compactness, energy efficiency and affordability, our datalogger stands out as a more practical and advanced choice in the market. Moving forward, additional testing and development work to expand functionality, optimize hardware and software and evaluate performance across different supply chain environments will help to further improve the system, including for commercialization.