# Short vs. Long Bouts of All-Out Rope Skipping: Effects on Metabolic and Perceptual Responses
## 3 Results
### Comparison between Skip-30 s and Skip-3 min  
Table 2 summarizes the skipping performances, metabolic responses, and perceptual demands resulting from the two skipping protocols. Of the available paired metabolic data, participants skipped faster in Skip-30 s, with a significant difference (\(p<0.01\), \(d=0.83\)). However, their VO\({}_{2}\) and HR responses during Skip-30 s were significantly lower than those during Skip-3 min, with large effect sizes (\(p<0.01\), \(d=1.55\) and \(p<0.01\), \(d=1.00\), respectively). Figure 3 illustrates the changes in the VO\({}_{2}\) and RER, taking the values of every five seconds of breath-by-breath data.  
In terms of perceptual demands, Skip-30 s was less demanding than Skip-3 min, with participants rating the perceived exertion during Skip-30 s as somewhat hard (11.53 \(\pm\) 2.29) and the perceived exertion during Skip-3 min as hard (14.26 \(\pm\) 2.28), with a statistically significant difference (\(p<0.01\), \(d=2.28\)). Participants also reported greater overall muscle soreness in their upper and lower body (\(p<0.01\), \(d=1.02\)-1.67) after Skip-3 min than after Skip-30 s. Specifically, participants reported significantly more soreness after Skip-3 min than after Skip-30 s in all muscle groups, with from moderate to large ESs (\(p<0.01\), \(d=0.66\)-1.49).  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline  & **Skip-30 s (I)** & **Skip-3 min (J)** & **95\% Confidence Interval (I)–(J)** & \(\mid\)_d_I & \(\mid\)_p-Value_ \\ \hline Skipping Performance (\(n=23\)) & & & & \\ \hline Total count of loops by JIRU & 82.91 (28.88) & 445.00 (141.02) & \(-411.52\), \(-312.65\) & 3.17 & \(<\)0.01 \\ Skipping rate (skips-min\({}^{-1}\)) & 165.83 (57.77) & 148.33 (47.01) & 8.36, 26.62 & 0.83 & \(<\)0.01 \\ \hline Metabolic Responses * (\(n=22\)) & & & & \\ \hline MET & 4.79 (1.01) & 8.00 (1.26) & \(-3.63\), \(-2.78\) & 3.27 & \(<\)0.01 \\ Peak VO\({}_{2}\) (mL-min\({}^{-1}\cdot\)kg\({}^{-1}\)) & 29.20 (6.41) & 41.99 (8.68) & \(-16.36\), \(-9.23\) & 1.55 & \(<\)0.01 \\ Average VO\({}_{2}\) (mL-min\({}^{-1}\cdot\)kg\({}^{-1}\)) & 16.76 (3.53) & 27.98 (4.42) & \(-12.71\), \(-9.74\) & 3.44 & \(<\)0.01 \\ Average HR (beats-min\({}^{-1}\)) & 148.88 (24.66) & 166.29 (14.86) & \(-25.10\), \(-9.71\) & 1.00 & \(<\)0.01 \\ \% of VO\({}_{\rm 2 max}\) (\%) & 59.28 (14.45) & 84.86 (20.38) & \(-34.18\), \(-16.97\) & 1.32 & \(<\)0.01 \\ \hline Perceptual Responses (\(n=23\)) & & & & \\ \hline Post-exercise RPE & 11.53 (2.29) & 14.26 (2.28) & \(-3.47\), \(-2.36\) & 2.28 & \(<\)0.01 \\ Shoulder MS & 2.17 (0.94) & 3.17 (0.89) & \(-1.43\), \(-0.57\) & 1.00 & \(<\)0.01 \\ Chest MS & 1.96 (0.82) & 2.61 (0.94) & \(-1.01\), \(-0.29\) & 0.78 & \(<\)0.01 \\ Groin MS & 1.78 (0.74) & 2.52 (0.85) & \(-1.06\), \(-0.41\) & 0.98 & \(<\)0.01 \\ Quadricep MS & 2.26 (1.05) & 3.39 (1.16) & \(-1.51\), \(-0.75\) & 1.30 & \(<\)0.01 \\ Upper Back MS & 1.91 (0.79) & 2.70 (1.06) & \(-1.13\), \(-0.44\) & 0.98 & \(<\)0.01 \\ Lower Back MS & 2.04 (0.88) & 2.48 (0.95) & \(-0.72\), \(-0.15\) & 0.66 & \(<\)0.01 \\ Gluteus MS & 2.35 (1.11) & 3.04 (1.07) & \(-1.03\), \(-0.36\) & 0.91 & \(<\)0.01 \\ Hamstring MS & 2.26 (1.14) & 3.39 (1.07) & \(-1.46\), \(-0.80\) & 1.49 & \(<\)0.01 \\ Calf MS & 3.00 (1.31) & 4.09 (0.90) & \(-1.48\), \(-0.70\) & 1.21 & \(<\)0.01 \\ Overall MS in Upper Body * & 7.96 (3.05) & 10.78 (3.05) & \(-4.03\), \(-1.63\) & 1.02 & \(<\)0.01 \\ Overall MS in Lower Body * & 11.49 (4.62) & 16.13 (3.90) & \(-5.86\), \(-3.45\) & 1.67 & \(<\)0.01 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} Note: Means (standard deviations) are presented unless specified otherwise. * Data lost due to equipment failure (\(n=22\)). # Total score = 25; * Total score = 20. Abbreviations: JIRU, International Jump Rope Union; MET, metabolic equivalent of task; HR, heart rate; VO\({}_{2}\), oxygen consumption; VO\({}_{2\max}\), maximum oxygen consumption; RPE, rate of perceived exertion; MS, muscle soreness.  
\end{table}
Table 2: Comparison between Skip-30 s and Skip-3 min.