## 1 Introduction
However, the difficulty of dealing with this complicated emergency situation by fire and rescue personnel can have fatal consequences for their employees. There is, therefore, a significant demand for new methods and technologies to deal with this life-threatening emergency. Modeling and simulation techniques have been adopted to conduct research due to the complexity of obtaining a database of actual cases related to this phenomenon. Paper [14] reviews the literature related to modeling and simulation of shelter fires with respect to the fire-jumping phenomenon. Furthermore, the related literature for comparing thermal camera images with computed images is summarized. Finally, the suitability of Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques for predicting the fire jumping in closed premises is investigated [14]. The objective of the research in [15] is to solve the problem of fire evacuation from a student house using a numerical method. In research with an evacuation function (FDS + Evac. ), Fire Dynamics Simulator software was used. The problem being investigated is related to a building that has an outdoor center. The building features include five floors, with two exterior fire staircases located on two sides of the building. In addition, there is a single exit to the exterior of the building, and the fire suppression system is not installed inside the building. Among various types of disasters, fire poses a significant threat to life and property in urban and rural areas. Protection of hospitals from fire is very important due to the presence of affected persons, lack of awareness, and expensive apparatuses and devices in hospitals. This study focused on the simulation of fire in a hospital [16]. In daily life, emergency services such as firefighters, paramedics, and police play an important role. Rescuers often forget about their own safety in their work. Overall, this issue is neglected in these services, especially during the actual intervention. In many cases, it is the imperfect process of each rescue activity, or even the failure to use personal protective equipment. In [17], a group of fire and rescue officers is specified, which respects the basic rules of OHS in their activities such as fires, road accidents, natural disasters, and many others. According to [18], mathematical models of fire have two main areas of their use. First, it is the design and verification of the fire safety of a building and next, they are a tool for simulating the development of a fire in the time interval between the occurrence of a fire and its extinction. One of the essential capabilities of mathematical models is the simulation of smoke movement and the determination of its temperature and concentration. Evidence of this capability is provided by simulations of buildings such as the Xanadu shopping and entertainment center in Spain, the mass garages in Annecy, France, or the Wembley stadium. In the Czech and Slovak republics, mathematical models are mainly used for this purpose in the design of railway and road tunnels. Innovativeness of this article is based on the following aspects: on the methodological procedure used for creation of the fire scenarios and on the subsequent specification of design fires and on their assessment by three basic variants, i.e., by the simplified analysis, by the mathematical zonal model CFAST, and by the mathematical model of computational fluid dynamics FDS. These procedures were applied to various types of operations, which are characterized by different fire dynamics, assuming simultaneous acting of the sprinkler fire extinguisher. The authors do not dispute that mathematical modeling of fire is, nowadays, an actual trend in solving some of the problematic areas of fire safety for buildings. However, the authors emphasize in the presented case study a relevant fact: just the combination of mathematical modeling of fire with the simultaneous application of active fire-extinguishing equipment is a progressive solution that can lead to significant economic savings in solving of these buildings.