## 3 Methods  
### Identification and Analysis of Quality Factors Based on AHP  
The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is a method of hierarchical weighting in decision analysis developed by [PERSON] in the early 1970s. It is characterized by its systematic and scientific approach. This method decomposes decision-related elements into objectives, criteria, and alternatives. Based on these categories, it facilitates qualitative and quantitative analysis, aiding in analyzing complex issues through digital thinking. Based on an extensive literature review on prefabricated building quality management, field investigations of prefabricated building projects, and interviews with experts, 17 main influencing factors of quality during the design phase of prefabricated buildings have been identified. Furthermore, the AHP method is used for weight analysis to identify critical factors. The influencing factors of prefabricated building quality are set as the target layer. Human, management, technical, and information factors serve as the index layer. The alternatives layer is composed of the factors mentioned above. The results of the weight analysis are shown in Table 1. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Target Layer** & **Index Layer** & **Weight** & **Scheme Layer** & **Weight** & **Comprehensive Weight** & **Ranking** \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{Human factors} & \multirow{8}{*}{0.3319} & Professional degree of the designers & 0.2212 & 0.0734 & 4 \\  & & Designer quality and & & & \\  & & safety training & 0.2183 & 0.0725 & 5 \\  & & Software operating level of & & & \\  & & the designer & 0.2577 & 0.0855 & 2 \\  & & Experience level of the designers & 0.3028 & 0.1005 & 1 \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{Management factors} & \multirow{8}{*}{0.0964} & Efficiency and cohesion of the design task quality inspection & 0.3546 & 0.0342 & 15 \\  & & Design unit internal quality & & & \\  & & management system & & & \\  & & Design the quality supervision & & & \\  & & system & & & \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{Factors influencing the quality of the prefabricated building design phase} & \multirow{8}{*}{0.2476} & Normalization of design & 0.1835 & 0.0454 & 14 \\  & & Constructability of the design & 0.2053 & 0.0508 & 12 \\  & & Build the rationality of the split & 0.1371 & 0.0339 & 16 \\  & & The information level of the design & & & \\  & & Design quality requirements are & & & \\  & & not clear & & & \\ \hline \multirow{8}{*}{Information factors} & \multirow{8}{*}{0.3241} & Lack of communication and coordination among various specialties of the design units & 0.1755 & 0.0569 & 9 \\  & & Lack of communication and & & & \\  & & coordination between the design & & & \\  & & unit and the component & & & \\  & & manufacturer & & & \\  & & Lack of communication and & & & \\  & & coordination between design & 0.2053 & 0.0665 & 7 \\  & & unit and construction unit & & & \\  & & Timeliness of design change & & & \\  & & delivery & & & \\  & & The design model was not & & & \\  & & associated with the quality data & & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Weight of the factors influencing the quality in the prefabricated housing design phase. After analyzing the key identified quality factors, the major challenges in quality management during the design phase of the prefabricated building are summarized, including (1) urgent improvement of the designers' professionalism [4]; (2) fragmented design phases leading to inefficient collaborative design management [41]; (3) poorly performed visualization impacting the quality of design decisions; (4) shortage of quality and safety awareness as well as ambiguous quality requirements among design personnel resulting in quality risks.