## 5 Conclusions and Future Work  
This study successfully developed an algorithm that incorporates multidimensional design features such as kernel coordinate conversion, SBS mode setting and coverage area scaling configuration, GPS positioning, a score-based selection mechanism, an overload support mechanism, and handover threshold values. The algorithm was named the toss-and-catch algorithm and can be applied to the OISs of fixed-rail transportation for effective  
Figure 25: Comparing the effects of the OIS’s manageable load percentage on its load ratio using the three methods in (**a**) nonfading environments; (**b**) Nakagami-3 fading environments; (**c**) Nakagami-1 fading environments; and (**d**) Nakagami-1/2 fading environments (the OIS load ratio was set to begin at 1.00%, as there was no point in examining an OIS load ratio of 0% for this experiment). handover selection. First, kernel coordinate conversion, SBS mode setting and coverage area scaling configuration, and GPS positioning designs were implemented so that the toss-and-catch algorithm could provide assistance to the OIS based on its requirements whenever appropriate and the SBSs could provide service to the OIS, thereby allowing the algorithm to maintain its basic level of performance advantage when facing various environmental changes. Next, the toss-and-catch algorithm performed SBS scoring and sorting, provided assistance through the overload support mechanism (which is activated if necessary), and underwent handover threshold settings, thus allowing it to identify the most suitable SBS for a handover based on the OIS's requirements. We demonstrated the superiority of the toss-and-catch algorithm through ample simulations of its performance in terms of connection hold rate, handover frequency, average RSS, and manageable load percentage of the OIS. The simulation results showed that, in most scenarios, the toss-and-catch algorithm outperformed other traditional methods in a nonfading environment and various types of symmetric fading channel environments. In specific terms, the simulation results showed that by using the toss-and-catch algorithm, the OIS has more SBS options for a handover (as reflected through its handover frequency), and the OIS can intelligently select a suitable SBS at the appropriate time, thus significantly increasing the algorithm's performance in terms of connection hold rate and average RSS. An increase in the algorithm's connection hold rate is beneficial for enhancing the data volume that can be continuously handled while the OIS is moving (as reflected through the manageable load percentage of the OIS). Meanwhile, an increase in the algorithm's average RSS is, in practice, beneficial for improving the service quality for users. Therefore, we believe that in the future, the toss-and-catch algorithm can be applied to the multitude of fixed-rail mobile terminal equipment of various communication systems for effective handover and connection. Considering the fact that the toss-and-catch algorithm can be systematically implemented in our daily lives, we provide some suggestions for functional enhancements or applications based on the algorithm. First, if we could design a database that records the SBSs that the OIS passes by on a daily basis as well as the statistical data of the algorithm's performance assessment, then regions with high user demand and those that lack coverage can be logged into the database as well. The database can then be provided free or as an equal value and interest exchange solution for network service providers to implement prioritized deployment. Through this approach, network service providers can accurately deploy SBSs in regions with higher user demand as well as identify regions that lack coverage but have demand. Next, the data in the database should be accumulated so that the network service providers can continue with SBS deployment.