# Eye Tracking and Semantic Evaluation for Ceramic Teapot Product Modeling
## 2 Literature Review and Theoretical Basis
### State-of-the-Art Eye-Tracking Research in Product Styling  
Eye-tracking data provides communication scholars with the opportunity to examine more accurately the extent to which audiences pay visual attention to information [23]. Furthermore, eye-tracking technology goes beyond self-reported subjective data and provides a fairly objective measure [24] that can reveal how audiences process visual and textual information [25]. By tracking an individual's eye movements, researchers can not only discover what users find interesting but also gain insight into how information is perceived and understood [26]. These valuable insights into user behavior help communication scholars design information-dissemination strategies that are more relevant to audience needs. In recent years, the application of eye-tracking technology in the field of product styling and design research has been characterized by the following aspects. First, it focuses on the research of visual attraction. Scholars have used eye-tracking experiments to explore the impact of product design on users' visual attention, with a view to optimizing the visual attractiveness of products. For example, [PERSON], RG found that advertisements containing mannequins produced a visual distraction effect that increased brand attention [27], while [PERSON] examined the relationship between youth attractiveness attributes on marijuana edibles packages and higher attractiveness ratings, more visual attention to these attributes, and less attention to warning labels [28]. Scholars also use eye-tracking techniques to focus on differences in users' visual attention to color preferences when looking at products. For example, [PERSON], [PERSON] found that people with different Asian cultural backgrounds have different viewing patterns when choosing the color of a product [29], and [PERSON], [PERSON] investigated the differences between color perception and preference in a dental-treatment setting [30]. In addition, some scholars have combined eye-tracking experiments with users' subjective evaluations to understand the impact of product styling more fully on user perceptions of an experience. For example, [PERSON], HN found that moving images with different presentation times caused differences in users' cognitive levels and emotional experiences [31], while [PERSON], [PERSON] evaluated the user experience of moving content on a large TV monitor [32]. Finally, some scholars have used eye-tracking experiments to compare and analyze various product-styling options to provide a basis for design decisions. For example, [PERSON], [PERSON] used eye-tracking to evaluate elements of a graphic modeling language [33], and [PERSON], [PERSON] explored the optimal solution for viewing stereoscopic images in an eye-tracking system [34]. Taken together, the past eye-tracking research in different fields has value. However, regarding the design of ceramic teapots, the lack of specific research is obvious. In view of this, this research boldly innovates, uses eye-tracking technology, and successfully obtains method references and theoretical help by virtue of its existing application in the field of product modeling. Current Status of the Application of Semantic Differentials in the Field of Product Semantic Evaluation  
Scholars often utilize semantic differences to gain insight into user needs for products. A more mature basic framework for product semantic evaluation is provided at the theoretical level, which clarifies how to obtain information about user perceptions of product semantics through specific scale design and scoring methods. For example, scholars in electronic product design, by allowing users to semantically evaluate the multi-criteria usability of a product [35], can accurately discover user expectations and thus optimize the product design, and this approach can help translate users' ambiguous needs into specific design directions [36]. Researchers have focused on how products convey specific semantics through design elements.