# Smart Healthcare Applications over 5G Networks: A Systematic Review
## 3 Results and Discussion
#### 3.1.3 Data Transmission: Smart Ambulances  
The information transmission (video, images, and vital signs) in real time in ambulances is of vital importance in emergencies and in cases of rescuing people at risk when their health is compromised [43]. During the pre-hospital care performed by paramedics, they can be guided or supervised by a doctor remotely, in order to provide treatment and monitor the patient's current condition [31]. In addition, one of this system's benefit is that unnecessary hospitalizations can be prevented because doctors provide appropriate care remotely, and during the process, they can decide whether or not patients' hospitalization is necessary. Therefore, this system type requires connectivity and high-speed data transmission to ensure uninterrupted communication [19]. In this context, in this section, the articles related to the application area in the field of information transmission in ambulances are summarized. In addition, an explanatory schematic diagram of how this type of application works is shown in Figure 8.  
The ambulance and the remote clinic presented by [PERSON] et al. [27] act as a mobile diagnostic and treatment system, enabling real-time patient information sharing with doctors and specialists. The system can share patients' vital signs with the use of body sensors and high-fidelity cameras for image and video transmission. In addition, during the patient's transfer to the hospital, paramedics can remotely look up the patient's medical history, upload vital signs, and communicate with the specialist to minimize the time spent during the rescue.  
[PERSON] et al. [31] presented an ambulance proposal for emergency situations. The system includes US video transmission, ambulance video transmission, and transmission of vital signs, such as oxygen saturation level, heart rate, body temperature, blood pressure, respiratory rate, electroencephalography, and electrocardiography. During the video transmission, the doctor can observe the patient and the paramedics onboard the ambulance, in order to provide support to the personnel who are attending the emergency. In this sense, doctors can remotely examine the US performed by an ultrasound system equipped in the ambulance, to generate a diagnosis or referral to an appropriate hospital department for further treatment. In addition, the authors mentioned that the video and vital sign transmissions are compressed for transfer to the hospital center because they generate a large amount of information, thereby avoiding unnecessary data consumption and minimizing network resources and costs.  
The smart ambulance architecture proposed by [PERSON] et al. [43] is equipped with a multi-monitoring system composed of a vital-signs-acquisition device, a medical workstation, and an HD camera. This equipment enables audio and video transmission from the ambulance's central command to the hospital, which facilitates doctors' interaction with patients in real time. At the same time, they emphasize that the use of virtual reality (VR) glasses is the main advantage in remote video transmission, since it facilitates patient care by making the doctor feel immersed during the transfer process. In addition, by sending data to the hospital center, the patient registration process is simplified, improving the efficiency of the procedure that follows. Finally, the authors performed a simulation of the video transmission in 5G and determined that the uplink and downlink speed values are higher compared to those obtained through the simulation performed with the 4G network.