# Emergency Evacuation Simulation Study Based on Improved YOLOv5s and Anylogic
## 2 Materials and Methods
### Anylogic Emergency Evacuation Modelling  
In many practical cases of emergency evacuation, the efficiency of pedestrian evacuation is often influenced by two factors, namely the human factor and the external environment. Human factors include human characteristics and psychological factors. These factors can have an impact on the speed of pedestrians, for example, men generally walk faster than women, young people generally walk faster than older people, and pedestrians in good health generally walk faster than those in poor health. Human psychological factors can also have an impact on the evacuation process. When people encounter a sudden dangerous event, their psychological state undergoes a relatively large change. The psychology of panic can lead pedestrians to make irrational choices in the event of an emergency. In an emergency, pedestrians may be unfamiliar with the interior of the premises and may be tempted to congregate with the crowd, which can cause serious overcrowding and greatly affect evacuation efficiency. When people help each other in the evacuation process, it will mostly have a positive impact on the evacuation efficiency, but if people hold a competitive mentality, there may be a stampede during the evacuation process due to the rush to escape, etc. Inertia refers to the fact that pedestrians are more familiar with the layout of the interior of the station and tend to choose routes that they  
Figure 2: SE-Net network structure diagram. normally walk more often or are more familiar with when evacuating. In addition, the choice of evacuation routes and the acceptance of evacuation instructions by the crowd are also related to their personalities. External factors that influence evacuation efficiency are mainly the characteristics of the building and the internal lighting, announcements, and evacuation guidance signs. Building characteristics include the building's fire detectors, fire-fighting facilities, emergency evacuation routes, and the width of emergency evacuation routes. The location and brightness of the emergency signage will have a great impact on the efficiency of the evacuation process. Reasonable and effective evacuation signs will quickly help people find their way out and escape to a safe area. In order to meet the software requirements of this study, Anylogic simulation software was chosen to simulate the emergency evacuation process of pedestrians. AnyLogic is a multi-method simulation modeling software developed by XJ Technologies [32]. The software supports a variety of modeling methods, such as intelligent body modeling, dynamic system simulation, discrete events, and system dynamics [33]. Due to its open and flexible modeling environment, the software applications cover a wide range of areas, such as transport, logistics, control systems, the military, logistics, and education. AnyLogic allows the observation of system behavior over time at any level of detail, provides for increased accuracy and more precise forecasting, and can be animated in 2D/3D so that it can be more easily verified [34]. The AnyLogic software package is a powerful platform that has a developed pedestrian library and many methods to collect the statistical results of a simulation, making it is easy to implement the agent approach completely [35]. The Anylogic simulation modeling process is divided into three main parts. First, the physical model is built. The physical model is built to match the actual layout of the simulation environment, so it is necessary to import a base map of the building's layout when drawing the physical model. It is important to note that Anylogic has its own scale, which can be set to suit one's needs, and Anylogic's pedestrian library model has corresponding spatial markers to help draw the graphics. As a multi-floor simulation environment is to be built, multiple layers are created to represent the different floors, with the height difference between floors matching the actual situation. Next, the people's behavior flow is set up.