## 5 M2M Security
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l l l} \hline  & **Technology, What to Solve?** & **Forum(s), References** & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Main Contribution**} \\ \hline - & Security technologies & - & Frequency-hopping spread spectrum \\  & of Bluetooth & - & Master clock is shared to slaves \\ - & To enable authentication and & - & Binding of devices is done through selected \\  & pairing of Bluetooth devices, to & & pairing mechanisms \\  & encrypt the transmitted data, and & & Bluetooth Special & - \\  & to check integrity of transmitted & & Link keys to establish authenticated and/or \\  & data packets in & & encrypted ACL links \\  & Bluetooth network. & & - & SAFER+ block cipher (not for encryption!) \\  & & & - & E0 stream cipher \\  & & & - & Secure Simple Pairing (SSP) with Elliptic Curve \\  & & & Diffie-Hellman (ECDH). \\ \hline - & Security technologies of & & - & AES-CCM block cipher \\  & Bluetooth low energy & & - & Data can be signed with Connection Signature \\ - & Similar problems to solve & & Resolving Key (CSRK), MAC, counter \\  & as in BT. & & - & Privacy feature to change private address on a frequent basis \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 5: Review of security technologies used in the LAN device domains to offer, e.g., authentication, integrity and confidentiality. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l l} \hline \hline - & Security technologies & - & 16 channel hopping \\ of ZigBee & - & Key establishment, key transport, frame \\ - & Authentication, encryption, & protection, ad device management \\ integrity checking, & & implemented mostly at the network (NWK) \\ countermeasures & & and application support \\ against replay-attacks. & ZigBee Alliance & sub-layer (APS). \\  & - & AES-CCM to offer confidentiality and \\  & & authentication, AES-CBC-MAC to offer \\  & & authentication or AES-CTR to offer \\  & & confidentiality. 32-, 64-, or 128-bit MAC and \\  & & 128-bit key. \\  & & - & Key sequence counter \\ \hline Security technologies of ZigBee & - & 3 channel hopping \\ RF4 CE (Even lower power and & & - & Simpler pairing mechanism than in ZigBee \\ simplified version of ZigBee) & & - & AES-CCM with 128-bit key. \\ \hline - & Security technologies of Wi-Fi & - & WPA2 that uses Counter Mode with Cipher Block \\ - & Authentication, encryption, & & Chaining Message Authentication Code Protocol \\ integrity, replay protection & & (CCMP) based on 128-bit AES-CCM block cipher \\  & & - & Cryptographic hash function \\  & & - & Key management \\  & & - & Replay protection \\  & & - & WPA2 can be used in two modes: \\  & & - & Shared key: relying upon the use of a key shared by \\  & & & all Wi-Fi clients and access point. \\  & & - & Enterprise, relying upon the use of an external \\  & & AAA server \\ \hline - & Default security technologies of & - & 32-bit KILL and ACCESS passwords \\  & EPCglobal UHF Class 1 & - & (perma)locking of memory \\  & Generation 2(v1.2.0) RFID tags & EPCglobal & - & Unique unprogrammable TID numbers \\ - & To prevent unauthorized & & \\ writing and disabling and & & & \\ counterfeiting of RFID tags. & & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 6: Network related security technologies used to enable secure network access.