## 2 Literature Review  
In its broader sense, augmented reality refers to the real-time integration of 3D virtual objects or other digital information into real-world environments, enabling the enhancement of one's immediate surroundings with electronic data in various media formats [20; 21]. Augmented reality technologies are increasingly being applied to enhance public experiences for various purposes. Art-oriented AR applications, in particular, offer innovative possibilities for enhancing public spaces with digital content [15]. For instance, [PERSON] and [PERSON] [22] developed an AR smartphone application to explore whether graffiti can enhance a space similarly to how architecture enriches the urban fabric. While AR art does not directly affect the physical space, it is important to note that mobile AR influences not only the augmented space itself but also the users and creators of the technology, shaping how they perceive and conceptualize space. In this context, certain authors conclude that an increasing number of users are creating augmented content that historicizes and challenges the meanings of place, while also embedding their own narratives within these spaces [23]. The significance of this topic is further highlighted by the fact that the democratization of AR devices, along with the mainstream adoption of these technologies, plays a crucial role in their integration into public art [22; 24; 25]. By bringing art practices from the studio and gallery into urban environments, some authors aimed to evaluate how AR art can foster public engagement with neglected spaces. Research by [PERSON] and [PERSON] [15] examined AR's role in transforming traditional artistic practices, such as graphic art, by merging physical and digital spaces to create immersive experiences. The work resulted in guidelines to assist artists in effectively incorporating AR into urban spaces. Furthermore, the study on AR sculptures emphasized that augmented reality enables the creation of original, self-sufficient art forms, such as virtual sculptures [26]. AR sculptures offer unique opportunities at the intersection of technology and art, providing both creative significance and distinctiveness. Additionally, AR enhances the viewing experience by offering contextual advantages, including improved visibility, volumetric imaging, and interactive engagement [26]. The potential of modern technologies for presenting art in urban environments has a significant value not only for artists in showcasing their work but also for the public in experiencing and engaging with it. [PERSON] [16] explored how AR redefined site-specific public art while fostering public interaction, emphasizing that augmented reality art can achieve an immediate public presence and respond to social, environmental, and cultural issues in real-time. Other research examined AR platforms enabling users to visualize urban design outcomes by overlaying virtual models onto real-world environments, collecting feedback to refine urban design guidelines [27]. Evaluating user experience with augmented and virtual reality technologies has become essential for understanding their benefits and limitations. The study \"Unveiling the Metaverse\" [28] went further by investigating users' perceptions of the Metaverse, a collective digital space supported by technologies such as VR, AR, and Artificial Intelligence(AI). By analyzing key aspects like usability, social influence, and interoperability, the research aimed to provide valuable insights into user perceptions and identify factors that contributed to creating a favorable and engaging virtual environment. Other recent research also examined user perceptions and the social sustainability of immersive virtual technologies within the context of the Metaverse, with a focus on the acceptance and use of these technologies in educational settings [29]. A key concept for measuring user experiences in AR environments include immersion. Immersion refers to the extent to which users feel part of the augmented environment.