## 3 Results
### Characteristics of the Included Studies
mHealth Strategies: Real-Time Monitoring and Management of Asthma Symptoms via a Smartphone Application Incorporating Inhaler Sensors  
[PERSON] et al. [35] expounded on the creation of a smartphone application that amalgamates Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) and Bluetooth-enabled sensors for asthma inhalers to monitor real-time asthma symptoms, social and physical context, behavior, stress, and inhaler usage. The efficacy of long-term asthma management is influenced by behavioral elements such as medication adherence and psychosocial stress. The application was devised by a multidisciplinary team and trialed on a small cohort of Hispanic middle and high school students. The app employed signal-contingent and event-contingent EMA sampling activated by asthma inhaler usage. It prompts users with electronic surveys at random intervals and post-inhaler usage, gathering data on various factors such as positive and negative affect, stress, energy, fatigue, activity type, social and physical contexts, and asthma symptoms. The app shows potential in assisting researchers and clinicians to attain a deeper comprehension of the real-time experiences of teenage asthma patients. It could bolster adherence to treatment regimens, customize treatments to cater to specific needs, and enhance communication between patients and providers. Future research should focus on augmenting adherence rates, expanding the findings to populations beyond non-Hispanics, and assessing the health literacy of adolescents. Digital Health Strategies: Managing Depression and Anxiety in Asthma and Persistent Health Conditions  
Digital health interventions (DHIs) are health initiatives delivered via digital technologies, such as web-based platforms, mobile applications, or telehealth systems [39]. DHIs may hold the potential to enhance the mental health of individuals with asthma,who frequently encounter depression and anxiety as concurrent conditions [40]. In this context, [PERSON] et al. [36] undertook a scoping review of the literature on DHIs for the prevention, detection, or treatment of depression and anxiety among individuals with chronic conditions, including asthma. The 53 studies in this review detailed 36 distinct DHIs for prevention (8%), detection (9%), and treatment (83%) of mental health issues in individuals with chronic conditions. The most prevalent technologies employed were web-based platforms (38%) and mobile devices (32%). The majority of studies concentrated on depression (68%), with some addressing both depression and anxiety (26%). DHIs typically encompassed education (57%), psychological therapy (53%), and mental health status monitoring (26%). Additional components included peer support (17%), communication with healthcare providers (17%), mindfulness (6%), and chat rooms or forums (13%). The majority of interventions were guided (60%), with guidance provided by various professionals, such as nurses, psychologists, and allied health professionals. Guidance served various functions, including answering queries, providing information, promoting engagement, and monitoring symptoms. The delivery methods for guidance varied, with some utilizing a combination of in-person, phone calls, and text messages. The study revealed that these tailored DHIs have the potential to significantly enhance the mental health outcomes of individuals with asthma, who frequently suffer from depression and anxiety as concurrent conditions. In particular, stepped-care models demonstrated promise for integrating DHIs into standard care, however, their implementation remains limited.