## 2 Utilization of Various Nano-Modified Coatings for Corrosion Mitigation
### Metal/Metallic Oxide-Incorporated Nanoc Coatings
Figure 15: EDS findings of the deteriorated substrate (**region I**) and original substrate (**region II**) of (**a,b**) Ni-P, (**c,d**) Ni-P-SN, and (**e,f**) Ni-P-nSN samples. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [85]. MDPI (2022). As channels for innate antioxidants, including phenolic, anthocyanins, flavonoids, and pectin compounds, [PERSON] et al. [53] utilized extracts of dried flower petals, like lotus and rose petals, to create nano-manganese oxide using an economic and environmental process called ultrasonic wave-aided green formulation. The produced nano-manganese oxides were employed to improve MS (MS-corrosion-inhibitory)'s behavior in an acidic medium (1 M HCl). Through the use of TGA and FTIR analysis, functional groups and thermodynamic properties of the produced metal oxides were examined. By using BET surface area measurement, it was discovered that the samples made from the RP and LP extracts, accordingly, had specific surface dimensions of 27.914 and 39.438 m\({}^{2}\)g\({}^{-1}\). Excellent electrochemical characteristics were seen for LPM, and in 1M HCl medium, RPM and LPM had greater corrosion prevention efficiencies (51.50% and 72.63%, respectively) than the bare MS plate. Using a one-step electrospinning approach, [PERSON] et al. [87] created Polystyrene-nickel oxide (PS-NiO) superhydrophobic nanocomposite coverings on Al substrates. The polystyrene coating's hydrophilicity, thermal properties, and surface roughness are significantly impacted by the introduction of NiO NPs. The produced coating's geometry was assessed, and the results showed that a beaded-fiber architecture had formed. The micro/nanoscale pattern of the bead fibers combined with the coating's already-improving surface ruggedness led to an improvement in WCA and a decrease in CAH. PSN-2 obtained the greatest corrosion protection in saltwater by recording the maximum WCA of 155\({}^{\circ}\)\(\pm\) 2 and the minimum WCAH of 5\({}^{\circ}\)\(\pm\) 3. However, raising the proportion of NiO over that point lowers the coating's ability to defend against corrosion because NiO tends to aggregate on the coating substrate and because the hydrophilic characteristic of the metal oxides increases the hydrophilic nature. Similarly, AlTP, a MOF composed of aluminum terephthalate, and its two nanocomposites comprising iron oxide and graphene oxide (GO) were created by [PERSON] et al. [61]. The AM60B Mg alloy was subsequently shielded against corrosion by the produced nanocomposites in a 30% ethylene glycol medium including 0.5 M NaCl. The inhibitory properties of the constituents in the dosage region of 50-400 ppm were examined using the PDP and EIS. For AlTP/Fe\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{3}\), AlTP, and AlTP/GO, correspondingly, the IE% determined from EIS data were 86.52%, 90.2%, and 90.8%. PDP  
Figure 16: AFM scans illustrating significant surface coverage shown by trans 5,15-(4-carboxy-phenyl)-10,20- diphenylporphyrin (**a**) in contrast to cis configuration, 5,10-(4-carboxy-phenyl)-15,20-(4-phenoxy- phenyl)-porphyrin (**b**). Reprinted with permission from Ref. [86]. MDPI 2021.  
demonstrated this pattern to be valid. The outcomes show that adding NPs to the AITp architecture enhanced its ability to suppress. [PERSON] et al. [88] created convenient, affordable, and environmentally acceptable silver NPs (AgNPs) using the edible native Macrolepiota mushroom. The characterized studies supported AgNPs of 20-50 nm in size with a spherical morphology. Corrosive bacteria _Terribacillus aidingensis_ EN3, _Bacillus thuringiensis_ EN2, and _Bacillus oleenius_ EN9 were used to investigate the biocorrosion effectiveness of myco-synthesized AgNPs and the mushroom extract towards MS. In several exploratory conditions, the effectiveness of MS's corrosion inhibition was assessed using weight reduction evaluation, EIS, and surface assessment. In both systems, II and IV, lower C\({}_{\text{R}}\) (0.07 mm/y, 0.14 mm/y), lower weight reduction (0.006 \(\pm\) 2, 0.011 \(\pm\) 2), and higher corrosion inhibition efficacy (59%, 18%) were found.