## 1 Introduction  
Holographic interferometry has been extensively applied in the precise measurement of micro-deformations. This technique determines material deformation by quantifying the number of fringe shifts [1]. Currently, it has found widespread applications across multiple domains including deformation analysis of mechanical components [2, 3], dynamic monitoring of temperature fields in heated fluids, three-dimensional thermal field visualization [4], and solution concentration measurement [5], thereby underscoring its significance in scientific research. Recent advancements in digital holographic interferometry have demonstrated substantial progress in technical optimization and application expansion. Three distinct exposure methodologies--single-exposure, double-exposure, and continuous-exposure techniques--have been developed, each tailored for specific measurement requirements and operational scenarios. The single-exposure method, primarily implemented in off-axis holographic configurations, records holograms through a single exposure and isolates target image spectra via spatial filtering, offering applicability in dynamic measurements [6]. Its key achievement lies in enabling high-sensitivity phase measurements of transparent objects with nanometer-level axial resolution [7]. However, limitations include stringent holographic plate repositioning requirements to avoid phase errors and susceptibility to environmental vibrations/noise-induced fringe contrast degradation. In contrast, the double-exposure method records pre- and post-deformationholograms on a single plate, analyzing displacement through interferometric fringes with operational simplicity and high contrast [8, 9]. It has achieved submicron-level accuracy in rock fracture and MEMS (micro-electro-mechanical system) deformation analyses [10], yet its reliance on manual dual-hologram recording restricts real-time dynamic measurement capabilities. The continuous-exposure method captures time-averaged interferograms during prolonged exposure of vibrating objects, enabling full-field vibration visualization with optical wavelength-level precision in mechanical/acoustic studies [11, 12, 13]. However, its implementation demands exceptional light source stability and precise exposure control. Future directions emphasize breakthroughs in dynamic adaptability, noise suppression, and phase distortion mitigation, with proposed integrations of deep learning algorithms and dual-wavelength holography [14, 15] to enhance real-time monitoring precision, system integration, and anti-noise robustness. The single-exposure method enables real-time detection with nanometer-level resolution, yet requires precise optical alignment and is susceptible to environmental noise. The continuous-exposure method can capture full-field vibration, but demands extreme stability and involves complex processing. The double-exposure method exhibits superior fringe contrast and signal-to-noise ratio compared to single-exposure and time-averaged exposure techniques. Through systematic comparison of the three exposure methodologies, we fundamentally reveal that the fringe field characteristics, exclusively governed by cosine function modulation in double-exposure holography, effectively eliminate the influence of object wave amplitude on interference patterns, thereby establishing its theoretical predominance. A tripartite detection framework integrating \"double-exposure measurement-deformation theoretical modeling-MATLAB 2015b simulation verification\" was developed, achieving enhanced detection efficiency and superior detail preservation in glass drilling deformation analysis. The proposed multi-dimensional cross-validation mechanism synergistically combines experimental data with numerical simulations, enabling the construction of a dynamic error compensation model that reduces measurement uncertainty through real-time calibration between theoretical calculations and simulation results.