# Performance Analysis of a Stand-Alone PV/WT/Biomass/Bat System in Alrashda Village in Egypt
## 1 Introduction
The results revealed that integrating PV/WT/Bat storage bank is the optimal option for achieving the lowest energy cost (COE) with 0.609 $/kWh in the Yanbu area. Ref. [7] investigated a design of a hybrid stand-alone renewable energy model for the Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh using 5 kW PV, 5 kW biomass gasifier generator and a 5 kW fuel cell. The HOMER program was employed for obtaining the optimized results, where the COE of the proposed power system has been found to be 15.064 Rs/kWh and total net present cost (TNPC) Rs. 5189003. Authors in [8] introduced a techno-economic analysis and optimum analysis planning of different configurations of a hybrid renewable energy system based on PV/WT/ diesel generator (DG)/Bat, and converter to meet up with the electric load requirements for a rural area in Dongola, Sudan. This was achieved by studying various layouts of the suggested hybrid system to explore the optimal solution for the lowest NPC and greenhouse gas emissions using the HOMER program. The results evidenced that the construction of the PV/WT/DG/Bat converter unit achieved the best performances for both the TNPC with 24.16 M$ and COE with 0.387 $/kWh. [PERSON] et al. [9] examined the feasibility of introducing a micro-grid hybrid system using five alternative energy scenarios (DG-only, PV/DG, WT/DG, PV/WT and PV/WT/DG) for a rural community in the Shafar village, Hajah province, Yemen. From an environmental and economic standpoint, the results obtained from the HOMER software showed that PV/WT/DG scenario was the optimal hybrid system in CO\({}_{2}\) emission reduction with 70%, system cost reduction with 45%, and high system reliability. [PERSON] et al. [10] formulated a new multi-objective evolutionary algorithm (MOEA) to identify the best feasible way of a stand-alone hybrid power system based on PV/WT/DG/Bat/converter to satisfy the required load in the Tindouf area, Algeria. The main objective functions of this suggested system are to reduce the NPC and maximize both Human Development Index (HDI), as well as job creation (JC). [PERSON] et al. [11] evaluated an optimal configuration analysis using HOMER software for an off-grid hybrid system based on PV/BG/hydrokinetic turbines/Bats bank located in Southern Ecuador. [PERSON] et al. [12] applied the multi-objective crow search algorithm for optimum sizing and the techno-economic analysis of a hybrid system consisting of PV/DG/FCs and batteries. [PERSON] et al. [13] developed the multi-objective improved genetic algorithm to find the optimal sizing of an off-grid hybrid model for rural areas by considering the minimization of the COE. This proposed system was based on PV/WT/DG/Bat components. [PERSON] et al. [14] discussed improving a hybrid system consisting of PV/WT/DG/Bat in the Dakhla area in Morocco by considering the minimization of the NPC. This optimization problem is based on using a novel Equilibrium Optimizer (EO), and the obtained results of this optimizer were compared with the results obtained from the use of the Harris Hawks optimizer (HHO), Artificial Electric Field optimizer (AEFO) Algorithm, GWO Algorithm, and Sooty Tern Optimization Algorithm (STOA). [PERSON] et al. [15] developed a multi-objective self-adaptive differential evolution (MOSaDE) technique for the optimal scheduling of a microgrid system composed of PV/WT/DG/Bat for Yanbu, Saudi Arabia. This optimization technique has been used to analyze the COE, LPSP, and the Renewable Factor (RF) simultaneously. [PERSON] et al. [16] presented the PV/WT/DG hybrid system as the optimal configuration for providing the required loads with least minimum COE, the total emissions generated, and maximum LPSP in the Gobi Desert in China. The optimized design of the proposed hybrid system is based on a new Elephant Herding Optimization (EHO) algorithm. [PERSON] et al.