# The Impact of Impulsive Traffic on Cellular Internet of Things Network Performance Indicators
## 2 Related Works  
Narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) is a type of wireless communication developed particularly for the Internet of Things. It is low-power, wide-area technology that enables a wide range of devices to be connected to the internet. It is designed to provide reliable and secure communication over long distances while minimizing power consumption and operating costs. This technology has emerged as a popular choice for connecting a variety of IoT devices, including smart meters, environmental sensors, and asset trackers. NB-IoT has received great attention in recent years, and the focus has increased by researchers on analyzing the performance of this technology, the possibility of implementing it in different conditions of the cellular network, and the challenges faced by the deployment of this technology. The authors in [9; 12] analyze NB-IoT technology since its inception and the improvements that were introduced in successive releases from Rel. 13 to Rel. 16. They also study the integration of this technology with different cellular technologies, such as 5G, non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA), etc. In [13], the authors study NB-IoT and eMTC (Enhanced Machine Type Communications) technologies, evaluate their performance (using the NS3 simulator) when implementing smart city solutions, and compare these two technologies in terms of the number of devices that can be served and their energy consumption. The performance of NB-IoT technology in 5G heterogeneous wireless networks (HetNet) was studied in Ref. [14], and according to the results obtained by the authors, a significant performance deterioration was observed in this deployment scenario. The authors in [15] were interested in studying the performance of NB-IoT when implemented based on 5G technology via the Geostationary Equatorial Orbit and concluded that it is necessary to adjust the physical channels of NB-IoT to adapt to the type of service required. Here, the authors used Python for modeling and performance evaluation, while in our research, we will model using MATLAB the implementation of NB-IoT solutions using 4G terrestrial networks, which have a lower communication delay than non-terrestrial networks (NTN). In [16], the impact of coverage extension on the performance of NB-IoT terminals and the limitations that this event imposes on battery and communication delays were studied. The experimental results reached by researchers in Ref. [17] after evaluating the performance of NB-IoT technology on the Belgian Orange network prove that NB-IoT is a reliable, secure, available, and scalable technology with low cost and energy consumption, which explains the importance of our study of this promising technology. The authors in [18] proposed an improved strategy to schedule NB-IoT terminal servicing according to priority, and this strategy achieved a reduction in network congestion. The authors in this paper modeled the arrival of requests as following a uniform distribution and beta distribution, while the arrival of requests may be a random impulsive arrival, and this limits the network performance. In [19], the authors study the effect of changing transmission distance and the presence of obstacles on the performance of smart systems based on NB-IoT. In addition, there has been a great research effort directed at evaluating the performance of NB-IoT in specific use cases, and this technology has been proven to be good for use in emergency situations such as remote patient monitoring [20] and monitoring power grid parameters [21]. On the other hand, a section of researchers [22; 23] opt for comparing unlicensed LPWAN technologies with cellular LPWAN technologies (including NB-IoT) in an attempt to find and identify the strengths and weaknesses, pros and cons, applications and use cases, and limits for each of these technologies.