# Using Blockchain for Data Collection in the Automotive Industry Sector: A Literature Review
## 3 Results
### Connectivity
However, this method was shown to be an ineffective method of data collection when the connection is weak or unstable. One of the connectivity challenges for the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) is latency, which is often faced in offering real-time cloud services to vehicular cloud subscribers, considering that all models targeted at improving the security and efficiency of the system require additional communication protocols [10]. In order to reduce latency, fog computing can be employed to provide real-time services to vehicular cloud subscribers [10]. To link them to vehicular clouds, the proposed method used single-hop mobile links (i.e., I2V TCP/IP-based) and Networked Fog Centers (NetFCs) at the network's edge. As a result, the vehicle service delivery time is reduced, and the overall efficiency is increased [10]. Other connectivity challenges in the IoV, especially in the Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) and Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) communications, are to guarantee high-speed, reliable connectivity, and accurate recording and collecting of data. However, in one of the 13 selected articles, Reference [10], the authors developed a blockchain-enabled Internet of Things (IoT) system by using a real-time application (RTA), adopting blockchain technology to overcome Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communication issues. The proposed solution created secure communication and built an entirely decentralized cloud computing platform. Furthermore, it improved connectivity by ensuring an easy data trade between different actors of intelligent transportation systems. However, the proposed approach might be built to include a reputational assessment mechanism for untrustworthy data sources [10]. As the blockchain is a perfect addition to vehicle communications, since it can increase interoperability, privacy, reliability, and scalability of the underlying infrastructure [23], in the context of resource management, blockchains can be used to perform spectrum sharing and store all spectrum usage and lease requests [23]. In addition, it can provide the necessary incentive for devices to share and exchange resources, as the current protocols do not include incentives to do so. The use of blockchain to collect vehicle data can offer rewards whenever devices share their power or data, thus allowing for a more cooperative and reliable network environment [23]. Furthermore, this reward approach can be used for spectrum sharing, where a reward can be granted each time a user leases one spectrum to another, fostering spectrum efficiency and creating a more collaborative setting [23]. Moreover, by motivating cars to exchange power or information, blockchain can be utilized in the field of Vehicular-to-Anything (V2X) communication [23]. Furthermore, how to ensure secure communication between automobiles and public key infrastructures is a vital part of V2X communication (PKI). Blockchain can be employed as the infrastructure to enable private and secure communications to PKI, as well as communication between PKIs from various vendors [23]. Reference [23] Move deeper into the topic of blockchain-enabled resource sharing and spectrum management to overcome connectivity challenges. Based on this, [PERSON] [23] argued that sixth-generation (6G) network-blockchain-enabled resource management, spectrum management, computing, and energy trading will be the key factors behind future application scenarios including autonomous vehicles and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). In order to enable the blockchain resource and spectrum management, these resources are assumed to be in a pool of resources in which a spectrum is dynamically assigned, network slices are maintained, and infrastructure is virtualized [23]. On the basis of this proposed framework, blockchain can allow the sharing of resources between devices, such as computing power, energy, data, and spectrum lease.