###### Abstract  
In this study, the synthesis and characterization of permanently porous polymeric microspheres was presented. The microspheres were obtained via suspension polymerization using diverse functional monomers, such as 4,4-bis(methacryloyloxymethylphenyl)sulphphone, 1,4-bis(methacryloyloxymethyl)benzene, 4,4-bis(methacryloyloxymethylphenyl)methane, \(N\)-vinylpyrrolidone, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, and divinylbenzene as a co-monomer. As porogenic solvents, toluene and chlorobenzene were applied. The main aim of the research was to synthesize polymers having a highly developed internal structure and a good thermal stability. The synthesized materials were characterized by ATR-FTIR, scanning electron microscopy, a size distribution analysis, a low-temperature nitrogen adsorption-desorption method, differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetry coupled with FTIR and inverse gas chromatography. It was found that, depending on the functional monomer, regular microspheres with a specific surface area in the range of 418-746 m\({}^{2}\)/g can be successfully synthesized. Moreover, all the synthesized copolymers showed a good thermal stability. In helium, they exhibited 5% mass losses at temperatures over 300 \({}^{\circ}\)C, whereas in air these values were only slightly lower. In addition, the presence of miscellaneous functional groups promoted diverse kinds of interactions. Therefore, the microspheres can be possibly use in many adsorption techniques including high temperature processes. porous microspheres; internal structure; thermal resistance +
Footnote †: journal: Materials  
[PERSON], [PERSON], [PERSON], [PERSON], [PERSON], M.  
core-shell structure, whereas the latter as a Janus (two-faced) structure. Core-shell nanostructures are a two-component system consisting of an inner layer and a guest nanoparticle of different material that the inner layer encapsulates. These nanostructures are widely used in a variety of applications, such as drug delivery systems [23; 24], tribology [25] and smart farming [26]. An interesting form of a core-shell particle is a porous hollow polymeric capsule. Recently, biocompatible, fluorescent and targeting agent-conjugated capsules have been presented. It was shown that they permit a more accurate delivery of anticancer drugs and have a better efficacy for drug accumulation [27]. Similarly, Janus nanoparticles are impressive research materials as they have asymmetric structures and different properties. They are composed of two or more parts that show a discrepancy in their physico-chemical properties and these parts are often contrary in nature [28]. This phenomenon facilitates their applications in drug delivery systems where a single material with several domains can concurrently realize multidrug loading and work as an perfect carrier [29; 30]. The anisotropic structure of Janus particles also makes them an ideal choice for theranostics [31]. As demonstrated, the field of high-surface-area materials is extremely diversified. An important group of permanently porous polymers, still extensively explored, remains a porous copolymer of styrene with divinylbenzene (St-\(\alpha\)-DVB) [32; 33; 34; 35; 36]. Because of its hydrophobic nature, St-\(\alpha\)-DVB interacts with analytes mainly through van der Waals forces and \(\pi\)-\(\pi\) interactions of the aromatic rings that make up the sorbent structure. These kinds of interactions are advantageous in the case of hydrophobic adsorbates but are insufficient in the case of polar ones. In order to improve adsorption of polar analytes, it is necessary to enable their interaction with the sorbent surface through polar interactions. This purpose can be achieved via two main routes: chemical modification of the hydrophobic polymer skeleton by a suitable polar moiety [37; 38; 39] or by the direct synthesis of polar adsorbents from an appropriate ratio of a hydrophilic monomer and a cross-linker [40; 41; 42].