## 4 Discussion
This finding is consistent with that of [PERSON] et al. [31], who examined 35 healthy older individuals. That study's experimental group underwent 24 weeks of WBV training twice a week for 30 min per session, whereas its control group received routine daily care. Their results revealed that WBV training was more effective than any other single training method alone in improving cognitive function. The present study compared differences in sleep quality between the experimental and control groups by performing GEE analysis and determined that after WBV training, the experimental group demonstrated significant improvements in both subjective sleep quality and objective sleep parameters--including sleep latency, sleep duration, sleep efficiency, sleep disturbances, sleep medication usage, and daytime dysfunction--compared with the control group. This finding is consistent with that of [PERSON] et al. [32], who conductedan RCT involving 19 participants who underwent 6 weeks of WBV training once a week. They observed that their experimental group experienced more considerable improvements in sleep quality compared with their control group. Similarly, [PERSON] et al. [25] examined healthy older individuals who underwent 3 months of WBV training involving the use of horizontal vibration stimulation at a frequency of 26 Hz and an amplitude of 5-8 mm. The participants performed weight-bearing exercises on a vibration platform three times a week, with each set lasting between 45 and 80 s. Their results indicated that the experimental group experienced greater improvements in physical activity function compared with the control group, which was consistent with the findings of the present study. Based on the results of this study, 12 weeks of regular WBV training demonstrated positive effects on physical function, cognitive function, and sleep quality. However, the potential long-term effects of WBV are worth noting. [PERSON] et al. [30] conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis, finding that long-term WBV training showed promising results in enhancing physical function, with sustained improvements in muscle strength, balance, and overall performance. The stimulation provided by WBV may lead to increased neuromuscular adaptation, potentially reducing the risk of falls and improving mobility. Additionally, [PERSON] et al. [31] suggested that the long-term effects of WBV could arise from its ability to stimulate sensory and motor pathways essential for cognitive processing. By enhancing proprioceptive feedback and brain reflexes, WBV may contribute to better cognitive performance and potentially delay cognitive decline in older adults. Furthermore, [PERSON] et al. [26] and [PERSON] et al. [25] emphasized WBV's role in improving both subjective and objective sleep parameters among older individuals. [PERSON] et al. [11] highlighted that the potential long-term effects of WBV on sleep quality could contribute to overall well-being and recovery, possibly through the regulation of circadian rhythms and reduction in sleep disturbances. Therefore, future research should focus on the long-term effects of WBV and explore the optimal duration and frequency of WBV sessions.