## 8 A Hypothetical Robust and Renewable Transport Infrastructure Network
### Robustness and Renewability Improvement Based on Space Energy  
An improved transport infrastructure could emphasize reliability and sustainability by choosing high-density, wireless power applications, minimizing the health impact. This would limit land expansion for human activities, including biofuel crops, solar panel deployment, and REM processing, limiting the global temperature increase while maintaining infrastructure robustness over a prolonged period. A possible implementation represents a distance energy transfer infrastructure from Figure 27.  
In this figure, the object-fixed frame is denoted by unit vectors. \(\hat{o}_{i}\), \(\hat{o}_{j}\), and \(\hat{o}_{k}\), which remain attached to the satellite and move relative to the inertial frame, are denoted by unit vectors \(\hat{e}_{i}\), \(\hat{e}_{j}\) and \(\hat{e}_{k}\). Satellite trajectories can be modeled using the three-body problem, and recently, more accurate approaches emerged based on artificial intelligence [159]. Analyzing the alternate SBSP hypothetical scenario, several scenarios result in various outcomes, as described in Table 7. The first case describes the initial use of green energy for EV charging and its impact on infrastructure, while the second case covers an increase in green energy production through additional SBSP satellite deployment. The last study describes possible health degradation for operators in the hypothesis of permanently monitoring these energy transfer system components. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{p{85.4 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt}} \hline \hline
**Solution** & **Critical Dependency** & **Sustainability Requirement** \\ \hline
1. ICE vehicles & Refined oil and biofuel production for operation & Adapting control software and mechanical components to new fuel characteristics; Expanding biofuel farmland 1 \\ \hline
2. Electric vehicles & Energy grid for charging; REMs for engine manufacturing & AC generation needs to approach a carbon neutral footprint; Recycling REMs \\ \hline
3. Extended capability vehicles (Hyperloop) & Energy grid for operation & AC generation needs to approach a carbon neutral footprint \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} \({}^{1}\) This consequence contradicts sustainability.  
\end{table} 
Table 6: Transportation solutions comparison in achieving sustainability. As described in [161], even with the inherent increase in available power from space satellites, the applicability of this concept may impose legal challenges, such as ensuring safe operation and minimizing biosphere degradation. Additional steps might include the development of various architectures, protocols, safety concepts, prototypes, and concept verification stages. Recently, smaller-size lean satellites were successfully adapted to tolerate a regulated energy transfer typically used before in large-size satellites [162]. However, even with the recent advances, due to the lack of certainty, the economic impact cannot be accurately predicted for intensively using space-based green energy. The increase in satellite numbers may have territorial implications, and periodic satellite maintenance will require space missions. This applies to using solar energy or laser diode emitters to create energized beams to be recovered by ground charging stations. The indefinite increase in available energy might provide a solution to mitigate the continued global warming increase resulting from ongoing human activity. To further complete this sustainable and reliable infrastructure, generic-purpose EVs can be used with charging stations and SBSP ground charging stations for passenger and freight transportation. Reducing used land areas and using sustainable means to generate, transfer, and release energy for vehicles could fulfill the SDGs to a greater extent. Electric vehicles already present a solution regarding affordability, reliability, and sustainability [61], and in the future, the interest in purchasing EVs is expected to increase (SDG7). Consequently, urgent