## 9 Future Perspectives  
The setup of stable metal complexes based on terpene ligands seems to be a promising issue, that can allow for and promote the use of terpen. This issue seems to be a source of novel antimicrobials and could help to challenge the increase in antibiotic resistance among bacteria. More studies have to be carried out to assess their cytotoxicity and ecotoxicity. Microencapsulation and nanoencapsulation based on spray drying could be a way to reduce the amount used and to increase their efficiency against bacterial biofilms. A hurdle technology-based strategy using metal complexes based on terpene ligands and other antibioticfilm molecules such as enzymes could be an efficient way to fight bacterial biofilms.  
[PERSON], [PERSON], [PERSON] and [PERSON] conceived the outline and wrote the review. [PERSON] generated the figures and tables. [PERSON], [PERSON] and [PERSON] supervised the work. [PERSON] was responsible for administration and funding acquisition. All authors contributed to literature searches and the revision of the manuscript. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Compound** & **Composition** & **Encapsulation Effect** & **Reference** \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{**Carvacrol**} & \multirow{4}{*}{-} & Overcomes insolubility and increases & \multirow{4}{*}{[200]} \\  & & antibacterial activity against pathogenic & \\  & & bacterial biofilms while minimizing the & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{**D-Limonene**} & \multirow{4}{*}{-} & Preserves and possibly improves & \multirow{4}{*}{[262]} \\  & & antimicrobial activity in order to evaluate the & \\  & & preservation of juice against inoculated & \\  & & spoilage microorganisms & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{**Carvacrol**} & \multirow{4}{*}{-} & Improves antibacterial activity against & \multirow{4}{*}{[10,272]} \\  & & Salmonella Enteritidis biofilms and reduces & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & ecotoxicity against Daphnia magna & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{**Peppermit Oil (PO)**} & \multirow{4}{*}{} & Enhances thermal stability, as well as & \multirow{4}{*}{[273]} \\  & & antioxidant and antibacterial activities & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{**Pepsin**} & \multirow{4}{*}{-} & Protects enzymes and terpen and boosts & \multirow{4}{*}{[112]} \\  & & their antibacterial activities & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{**Corvacrol**} & \multirow{4}{*}{-} & Overcomes stability-related restrictions, & \multirow{4}{*}{[274]} \\  & & extending shelf life and maintaining its & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & antioxidant, antimicrobial, and & \\ \cline{1-1}  & & sensory-preserving properties & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 6: Cont.  
**Funding:** Financial support was provided by Campus France within the TOUBKAL Partenariat Hubert Curien program and the Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environment (INRAE).  
**Institutional Review Board Statement:** Not applicable.  
**Informed Consent Statement:** This review is based on existing research, and none of the authors has undertaken any brand-new experiments involving humans or animals.  
**Data Availability Statement:** No new data were created.  
**Acknowledgments:** The authors would like to thank Campus France, the Partenariat Hubert Curien program. The team is grateful to the University of Lille (UMR 8207) and INRAE-Institut national de recherche pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (UMR 0638) for financial support.  
**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors confirm that they have no conflict of interest with respect to the work described in this manuscript.