## 4 Results and Discussion
### What Would Have Happed in the Area without Large-Scale Anthropogenic Actions? With the data obtained in the previous sections, it is possible to simulate where the shoreline would be without the anthropic actions and compare it with the real situation. For this purpose, the Lee-Clark model is used in zones B and C for the pre-works period, i.e., from 1930 to 1989, as shown in Table 2. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**Period 1999–2022**} & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**Lee–Clark**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Leatherman**} \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Transect**} & **NSM** & **LRR** & **LCI** & **LR2** & **Lower** & **Upper** & **Lower** & **Upper** \\  & **(m)** & **(m/yr)** & **(m/yr)** & **(m/yr)** & **Bound** & **Bound** & **Bound** & **Bound** \\ \hline
1d & \(-11.61\) & \(-0.64\) & \(0.57\) & \(0.81\) & \(-1.36\) & \(-21.71\) & \(-13.79\) & \(-16.04\) \\
2d & \(-33.56\) & \(-0.92\) & \(0.59\) & \(0.68\) & \(-6.02\) & \(-27.13\) & \(-19.81\) & \(-23.05\) \\
3d & \(-37.87\) & \(-1.08\) & \(0.64\) & \(0.74\) & \(-7.97\) & \(-31.00\) & \(-23.29\) & \(-27.09\) \\
4d & \(-42.91\) & \(-1.34\) & \(0.72\) & \(0.78\) & \(-11.16\) & \(-37.23\) & \(-28.92\) & \(-33.65\) \\
5d & \(-48.39\) & \(-1.36\) & \(0.77\) & \(0.76\) & \(-10.58\) & \(-38.46\) & \(-29.31\) & \(-34.10\) \\
6d & \(-46.96\) & \(-1.34\) & \(0.67\) & \(0.78\) & \(-11.93\) & \(-36.16\) & \(-28.74\) & \(-33.44\) \\
7d & \(-42.83\) & \(-1.34\) & \(0.76\) & \(0.73\) & \(-10.41\) & \(-37.81\) & \(-28.82\) & \(-33.53\) \\
8d & \(-32.11\) & \(-0.99\) & \(0.76\) & \(0.63\) & \(-4.29\) & \(-31.51\) & \(-21.40\) & \(-24.90\) \\
9d & \(-29.69\) & \(-1.08\) & \(0.62\) & \(0.73\) & \(-8.25\) & \(-30.54\) & \(-23.18\) & \(-26.97\) \\
10d & \(-30.31\) & \(-1.05\) & \(0.51\) & \(0.78\) & \(-9.57\) & \(-28.07\) & \(-22.50\) & \(-26.18\) \\
11d & \(-36.85\) & \(-1.19\) & \(0.65\) & \(0.77\) & \(-9.68\) & \(-33.12\) & \(-25.58\) & \(-29.76\) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: Erosion rates for profiles in zone D (cliff area) for the period: 1999-2022. Negative sign means erosion, while positive sign means accretion for NSM and LRR. Also, the total shoreline erosion with both models by 2040 in meters is shown. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**Lee–Clark**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Leatherman**} \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Zone**} & **Transect** & **Lower** & **Upper** & **Lower** & **Upper** \\  & \(\mathbf{\mathbf{\mathbf{\mathbf{\mathbf{\mathbf{\mathbf{\mathbf{\mathbf{\mathbf{\mathbf{\mathbf{ \mathbf{ }}}}}}}}}}}}\) & **Bound** & **Bound** & **Bound** & **Bound** \\ \hline \multirow{9}{*}{B} & \(4\) & \(-17.02\) & \(-24.79\) & \(-24.98\) & \(-29.07\) \\  & \(5\) & \(-18.21\) & \(-25.93\) & \(-26.38\) & \(-30.69\) \\  & \(6\) & \(-17.12\) & \(-24.44\) & \(-24.84\) & \(-28.90\) \\  & \(7\) & \(-16.69\) &In zone B (Figure 10), it can be seen how erosion has been advancing faster than natural erosion would have. This effect is especially noticeable in 2022 (Figure 10c,d), about 32 years after the start of the main works. At some points, such as transect 6, there was a difference of up to 10.85 m in 2005 (measured from the upper bound of the prediction to the shoreline), while in 2022, that difference increased to 20.85 m. However, this effect is felt more in the central sector of zone B; at transect 12, there was a difference of 23 m in 2005 and of 36 m in 2022. It appears evident that the effect of upstream constructions has accelerated the erosive process on the shoreline, especially in the central section of zone B (Figure 10b,d). In Babilonia Beach, the erosion behavior is strongly conditioned by houses. An important characteristic in zone C is that in 2005 (Figure 11a,b), the houses had an important beach area that protected them from the direct action of the sea. In the 2022 images (Figure 11c,d), this beach does not exist anymore. Figure 11a,c show how a significant number of buildings have been destroyed from 2005 to 2022 and how these houses have been replaced by sand.