## 5 Results
### Seismic Facies Analysis  
Seismic facies interpretation is conducted based on the diversity of the characteristics resulted from reflections shape, amplitude, frequency, and continuity that existed in a particular sequence [39]. This process involved picking and determining the nature and orientation of the reflections within each sequence and the internal strata patterns. This analysis is fundamental in determining the sequence of sediments by the diversity in the seismic patterns that can usually be shown in the studied seismic sections. Facies analysis identified and represented the depositional geological environments in the study interval as shown in Figure 8. This analysis was also carried out to confirm the depositional environment of the sequences, its lithofacies, stratification, and the direction of sediment transportation. Figure 7 reveals the dominant types of detected facies in the interval zones. Several seismic facies have been identified within the whole interval. The dominant seismic facies found were characterized by parallel, semi-parallel, continuous to sub-continuous, local chaotic, fully chaotic, complex, divergent, discontinuous, and free seismic facies. Figure 6: The chronost stratigraphic charts of SEQ4 to SEQ1. Figure 8 represents the dominant seismic facies of the Middle, Lower, and Upper Giant Formations within the chosen seismic line number ST03-317. Figure 8 part A shows clinoform reflections that are comprised of an essential class of seismic facies patterns. Those patterns are particularly common on continental margins, where they commonly represent prograde deltaic or continental-slope outgrowth. Variations in clinoform architecture reflect different combinations of depositional energy, subsidence rates, sediment supply, water depth, and sea-level position as discussed by [PERSON] [50]. Sigmoidal clinoforms tend to have low depositional dips, typically less than 1\({}^{\circ}\), whereas oblique clinoforms may show depositional dips up to 10\({}^{\circ}\). Parallel-oblique clinoform patterns show no top sets. This usually reflects shallow water depths with a wave or current and sediment bypass to deeper water, perhaps down a submarine canyon that may be revealed on an adjacent seismic cross-section. Many seismic sequences show complex off-lapping reflections which is a complicated sigmoid-oblique clinoform pattern as shown by the work done by [PERSON] and others [51]. Figure 8 part B shows divergent facies with continuous and high amplitude reflections becoming thin towards the seaward. The lowermost Lower Giant Formation towards the sea in Figure 8 part C reveals sub-parallel facies with continuous high amplitude reflections associated with hummocky facies with low amplitude reflections. These hummock facies represent delta plain and coals deposits with high amplitudes in the right direction towards the land. These facies might be interpreted as carbonate deposits in a relatively quick depositional environment in the platform. Figure 8 part D illustrates some chaotic seismic facies representing channel fill towards the sea. Meanwhile, the results of this analysis were combined with other geological information obtained from the same well (Witiora-1) such as borehole data and regional geology. Most of the seismic facies are best seen in sections parallel to depositional dips. Whereas, parallel and subparallel reflections indicate uniform rates of deposition, and the divergent reflections resulted from subsidence rates such as half-graben or across a shelf-margin hinge zone. Figure 7: Layout of the dominant seismic facies were detected of the studied intervals. Figure 9: The parasequence system tracts from Surficial Formation to Lower Giant formation. Figure 10 shows the full chronostrigraphic seismic sequences of the study interval that was subdivided into sub-packages bounded by the unconformities and the seismic reflection terminations. This investigated interval was subdivided into four seismic sequence units from bottom to top starting from SEQ4 to SEQ1.