## 3 Materials and Methods
### Dataset and Features
Therefore, utilizing meta information allows for faster processing and scalability. Also, phishers constantly evolve their tactics to evade detection mechanisms. Analyzing content might be more susceptible to evasion techniques, as phishers may modify content to mimic legitimate sites more effectively. Meta information, on the other hand, tends to be more stable and less prone to manipulation. Analyzing the content of websites may also raise privacy concerns, especially if the analysis involves examining the actual text on the page. However, meta information analysis is less intrusive and avoids the potential ethical issues associated with examining the content of websites. Additionally, meta information features can be more language-independent and culturally neutral. Phishing attacks can target users anywhere in the world, and focusing on meta information allows for the development of models that are effective across different languages and regions. Moreover, meta information features are generally more interpretable. Understanding why a model classifies a website as phishing based on meta information is often simpler than interpreting decisions based on the subtle content of a website. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l l l} \hline \hline
**No** & **Feature** & **Feature Group** & **Description** \\ \hline
1 & Domain name similarity & & Similarity (based on [PERSON]’s algorithm [43]) between the domain name of the visited website and the URL domain & \\  & & & name obtained from Alexa or PhishTank \\
2 & URL length & & Number of all characters in a URL \\
3 & HTTP protocol & & HTTP protocol type: standard (0) or secure (1) \\
4 & \# ’ symbol & & Number of dot symbols in a URL \\
5 & \# ’ symbols & & Number of slash symbols in a URL \\
6 & \# ’/’ symbols & & Number of double slash symbols in a URL \\
7 & \# ’ symbols & & Number of dash symbols in a URL \\
8 & \# ’ symbols & & Number of underscore symbols in a URL \\
9 & \#’ symbols & & Number of equal symbols in a URL \\
10 & \# (’ and ’) symbols & & Number of parenthesis symbols in a URL \\
11 & \# ’ and ’) symbols & & Number of curly bracket symbols in a URL \\
12 & \# ’ and ’ symbols & & Number of square bracket symbols in a URL \\
13 & \# ’ and ’\(>\)’ symbols & & Number of less than and greater than symbols in a URL \\
14 & \#’\(\sim\)’ symbols & & Number of tilde symbols in a URL \\
15 & \# ’symbols & & Number of asterisk symbols in a URL \\
16 & \#’\(\times\)’ symbols & & Number of plus symbols in a URL \\
17 & Inclusion of ’\#’ symbol & & URL includes an at symbol (1) or not (0) \\
18 & Inclusion of IP address & & URL includes an IP address (1) or not (0) \\ \hline
19 & \# <a> tags & & Number of \textless{a> tags in a website, used to create hyperlinks or anchor links, which is an essential element for linking one webpage to another, linking to different sections within the same page, or linking to external resources \\
20 & \# <input\textgreater{} tags & & Number of \textless{input\textgreater{} tags in a website, used to create various types of interactive form elements \\
21 & \# <button\textgreater{} tags & HTML & Number of \textless{button\textgreater{} tags in a website, used to create a clickable button for triggering actions, submitting forms, or performing other interactive functions \\
22 & \# <link\textgreater{} tags & & Number of \textless{link\textgreater{} tags in a website, used to link external resources, such as stylesheets, icons, and other documents, to an HTML document \\
23 & \# <ifFrame\textgreater{} tags & & Number of \textless{ifFrame\textgreater{} tags in a website, used to embed an external resource, such as another HTML document, a video, or a web page, within the current document \\ \hline
24 & HTTP response history & & HTTP response code returned by a server to indicate the outcome of a client’s request made to the server. \\
25 & Redirect & & Website redirects to another site (1) or not (0), detected using HTTP redirection response codes \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}