###### Abstract  
This study aimed to investigate the nutritional value and potential for herbal tea production of two species _Eryngium_. The analysis includes the quantification of lipids, proteins, organic acids (HPLC-MS), sugars (HPLC-MS), phenolic compounds (HPLC-MS-MS), volatile compounds (GC-MS), fatty acids (GC-MS), amino acids (HPLC-MS-MS), some minerals (ICP-MS), total phenolic content, and antioxidant activities of _Eryngium billardieri_ flowers (EBF) and thorns (EBT), as well as _Eryngium planning_ flowers (EPF) and thorns (EPT). The results indicate that EPF and EPT exhibit elevated levels of protein (11.2%) and sugars (224.2 mg/gdw), respectively. Whereas, EBF demonstrates a higher concentration of amino acids (7.13 mg/100 gdw) and total phenolic content (19.25 mg GAE/gdw), which correlates with pronounced antioxidant properties. Oleic acid was notable in _E. billardieri_, while linoleic and \(\alpha\)-linolenic acids were predominant in _E. planum_. Furthermore, essential minerals such as Fe, Mn, Zn, Mg, K, Ca, and P were also determined. Sensory evaluations by panelists confirmed that tea derived from the studied species possesses favorable taste and flavor profiles, attributed to its rich volatile compounds. These findings highlight the nutritional value of _Eryngium_ species as a functional ingredient in the food industry. Additionally, their antioxidant properties suggest promising uses in pharmaceutical applications. Eryngium billardieri, Eryngium planning; polyphenols; fatty acids; minerals; antioxidant; herbal tea +
Footnote †: journal: _foods_  
0000-0001-9993-3399-3399-3399-  
various regions of the world [3]. _Erpingium_ species are valued for their diverse applications and ornamental, culinary, agricultural, and medicinal uses. In medicinal uses, _E. billardieri_, an herb native to Iran, is widely used in traditional medicine for its therapeutic properties. It is effective in treating inflammatory conditions such as rheumat and sinusitis, as well as for wound healing and urinary infections [4]. Additionally, it is used for treating arthritis pain, relieving constipation, and managing diabetes [5]. Also, E. _planum_, in European and Asian traditional medicine, is extensively used for its medicinal properties [6]. It is used for its calming effects in treating hemorrhhoids, rheumatic diseases, inflammation, and heartburn [7]. The phytochemical components of these plants include polyacetylenes, flavonoids, saponins, coumarins, and monoterepe glycosides [8]. Recently, studies have been conducted on the bioactive properties of _E. billardieri_ and _E. planum_. For example, [PERSON] et al. [4] demonstrated that the ethanolic extract of _E. billardieri_ contains a total phenolic content ranging from 10.71 to 33.38 mg gallic acid equivalent/gdw of extract, along with total flavonoids between 15.04 and 27.13 mg quercetin equivalent/gdw of extract. The antioxidant activity of this extract varied from 17.25% to 51.63%. Additionally, the extract showed inhibitory and/or control effects on bacteria and fungi. In another study, the essential oil of _E. billardieri_, primarily containing n-hexadecanoic acid, as well as 2-pentadecanone, 6, 10, 14-trimethyl, 1H-indene, 1-ethylideneoctahydro-, and cinnamyl tiglate, has been shown to effectively inhibit 24 tested gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. The minimum inhibitory concentrations range from 0.67 to 34.17 g L\({}^{-1}\)[5]. In a related study, the extract obtained by ultrasound-assisted extraction from _E. planum_ showed a diversity of polyphenic compounds, mainly flavonoids (rutin and isoquercitrin) [6]. Additionally, the extraction of essential oil from _E. planum_ has been conducted using various methods, such as hydrodistillation, ultrasound-assisted hydrodistillation, and headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME). Their results showed that \(\beta\)-copaene, a sesquiterpene hydrocarbon, was the predominant compound in the _E. planum_ oil obtained by both hydrodistillation and ultrasound-assisted hydrodistillation methods.