## 3 Energy from Renewable Sources Scheduling Approach  
### Classification of Appliances Load Profiles  
In this research, the considered smart grid was represented by a household with an installed power system based on photovoltaic panels of 3.3 kW (see Figure 3), smart loads, and with the possibility of operating, due to the existing connections, on grid or off grid.  
Table 1 lists the specifications of the 12 incorporated Luxor ECO LINE P60-275W PV panels (Luxor Solar, Stuttgart, Germany). The system that allowed for energy exchanges with the power national grid contained a Huawei SUN2000-3 KTL inverter (Huawei, Shenzhen, China).  
The considered solar panel system was installed in March 2021. The first eight years of use were the time frame for which the PV module manufacturers guaranteed at least 85% of their initial performance.  
Figure 2: Classification approach flow based on SOM and FCM clustering.  
In the scientific literature [27], the concept of smart loads is associated with appliances in a smart home that can be controlled or not. Based on this clustering criteria, we identified in [28] a classification of these in non-schedulable (TCL) and schedulable home appliances (ECL) (see Figure 4).  
The non-schedulable loads can be controlled manually by prosumers. This aspect often interferes with the comfort level of their users, who have to move for action; for this reason, sometimes the TCL's operation can be delayed.  
In the other clusters of appliances are the loads which can be scheduled, such as air conditioners and water heaters [29]. The continuity, in terms of operation time, rep  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l} \hline Model of PV panel & PV, Luxor, 275 W, Polycrystalline \\ \hline Number of panels per module & 12 \\ \hline Nominal output power & \(P_{nom}=275\) W \\ \hline Number of cells & \(C=60\) \\ \hline Nominal current & \(I_{nom}=8.77\) A \\ \hline Nominal voltage & \(V_{nom}=31.42\) V \\ \hline Short circuit current & \(I_{sc}=9.27\) A \\ \hline Open circuit voltage & \(V_{oc}=38.58\) V \\ \hline Reference temperature & \(T_{rpf}=25\,^{\circ}\)C \\ \hline Number of solar panels connected in series & \(N_{S}=12\) \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 1: Photovoltaic panels’ technical characteristics.  
Figure 4: Types of smart loads.  
Figure 3: Connection scheme for electricity generation system on the AC network.  
resents the second criteria based on which ECLs can be classified as being interruptible (controllable) and non-interruptible or hold-time appliances (fixed).  
The total energy (\(P_{total}\)), consumed at each time slot \(t\) by fixed appliances (\(P_{fixed}\)), controllable appliances (\(P_{controllable}\)), and non-schedulable (\(P_{TCLs}\)), can be calculated using Equation (3):  
\[P_{total}(t)=P_{fixed}(t)+P_{controllable}(t)+P_{TCLs}(t) \tag{3}\]  
Our research study considered the appliances mentioned in Table 2, the washing machine and the dishwasher, because of their ability to be shifted fully, or to be on certain operation cycles, for a run at later intervals. Table 2 presents the home appliances that were considered in our approach, whose specific characteristics were proposed in [28], including the load type, and the power consumed (kW).  
The consumption profiles of the washing machine, dishwasher, and vacuum cleaner, represented in Figure 5a-c, allowed us to program them with the help of shift algorithms, so that the energy produced from RES at different times of the day could be utilized to the maximum.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline
**Appliance** & **Type** & **Power (kW)** & **Operation Cycle Duration (h)** \\ \hline Dishwasher & Uninterruptible—independent & \(1.4\) & \(1\) \\ \hline Washing machine & Uninterruptible—dependent—consecutive & \(1.5\) & \(2\) \\ \hline Vacuum cloner & Uninterruptible—independent & \(1\) & \(1.5\) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 2: The home appliances considered.  
Figure 5: Energy load profiles of the (**a**) washing machine; (**b**) dishwasher; (**c**) vacuum cleaner.