## 4 Results and Discussion
### LCA of Wind Turbines or Their Components  
Aggregating the LCA results for wind turbines, as in the previous case, we also did not consider the results presented in dimensionless units (e.g., [68; 79; 80]), or received more than ten years ago (e.g., [81]). For a more detailed understanding of the development possibilities of recycling, we also separately examined the studies analyzing the LCA of the composite materials of blades (Table 5). [PERSON] and [PERSON] [82] performed an LCA for a 50-MW wind park. The functional unit was 1 kWh of electricity produced. GaBi DfX software and primary data from Vestas were used. The analysis included all stages for the manufacturing and transportation of raw materials, turbine and wind plant components, as well as maintenance and end-of-life disposal. The study used data on primary fuel consumption collected by Vestas for truck and sea vessel transportation of turbine components. The transportation distance corresponded to the one that is part of Vestas' supply chain. Turbine recyclability (in percent turbine mass) was estimated to be between 81% and 85% (mainly metals), depending on the class of the turbine. In modeling, an avoided impact approach was used. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c} \hline \hline
**Impact** & **P+O+R** & **P+O CdTe** \\ \hline Absolute resource depletion (mineral), kg Sb eq. & 8.75 \(\times 10^{-4}\) [6] & 6.12 \(\times 10^{-4}\) \\ CID, MD & 2.85 \(\times 10^{-7}\) [73]-4.38 \(\times 10^{-7}\) [73] & 5.99 \(\times 10^{-1}\) \\ Freshwater cytotoxicity, CTUg & 9.90 \(\times 10^{-6}\) [71] & 1.50 \(\times 10^{-1}\) \\ Participant mixture, kg Pt2S eq. & 1.64 \(\times 10^{-6}\) [6] & 5.04 \(\times 10^{-5}\) \\ Human toxicity (non-cancer), CTUh & 6.63 \(\times 10^{-6}\) [71] & 8.84 \(\times 10^{-6}\) \\ Human toxicity (non-cancer), CTUh & 1.03 \(\times 10^{-6}\) [71] & 7.88 \(\times 10^{-5}\) \\ Climate change, kg CO eq. & 3.04 \(\times 10^{-7}\) [73]-2.98 \(\times 10^{-6}\) [73] & 3.95 \(\times 10^{-2}\) \\ Acidification potential, kg Sc/O-eq & 7.66 \(\times 10^{-7}\) [73]-2.96 \(\times 10^{-7}\) [73] & 4.28 \(\times 10^{-4}\) \\ Endothelial Potential, kg Pt/O-eq & 6.65 \(\times 10^{-7}\) [73]-2.96 \(\times 10^{-7}\) [73] & 1.90 \(\times 10^{-4}\) \\ Physicochemical Ozone Consumption Potential, kg Ethene-eq & 5.77 \(\times 10^{-6}\) [73]-1.09 \(\times 10^{-5}\) [73] & 1.55 \(\times 10^{-5}\) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}  
* \({}^{3}\)–Recalculation into a functional unit of 1 1 \(\mathrm{kW}\) was carried out by assuming that the mass of 1 \(\mathrm{m^{3}}\) of the module is 14.63 kg (according to First Solar), module efficiency 10.5%, solar irradiation 1200 \(\mathrm{kW}\)/m\({}^{2}\)year.  
\end{table} 
Table 4: Environmental impacts of different life cycle stages of CdTe PV panels (for 1 \(\mathrm{kW}\) 3). \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c} \hline \hline
**Impact** & **P+O+R** & **R** **P+O CdTe** \\ \hline Human health, DATJs & 1.35 \(\times 10^{-5}\) [6] & 11.49  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Source** & **Object/Functional Unit** & **System’s Boundaries** & **Life Cycle Impact Assessment** & **Results** \\  & & & **Method, Software** & & **Alicki: depletion (elements) 0.44 mg Sb eq** \\  & & & & **Alicki: depletion (location) 0.10 MJ** \\  & & & & **Additional: 37 mg 50-yrs** \\  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Source** & **Object/Functional Unit** & **System’s Boundaries** & **Life Cycle Impact Assessment** & **Results** \\  & & & **Method, Software** & \\ \hline  & & Extraction raw materials, & & \\  & manufacturing, turbine components & & & \\  & & and wind plant components, & & \\  & & installation, maintenance and & & \\  & & end-of-life disposal, & & \\  & & Blocks are incorporated; the foundation & & \\  
[PERSON] [83] used the ILCD method for the assessment of the environmental impact of two types of wind power plants (onshore and offshore) from the extraction of raw materials to the EoL.