## 1 Introduction
The electric vehicle sharing program in Paris is carried out by signing a public service agreement with the government to bear the part of repair and maintenance costs for each vehicle, and takes the government's public service as the main purpose, which only gets remuneration and profit from the business performance [17]. It can be concluded from the current research and operating experience that electric vehicle sharing has enormous potential and market, but due to the small scale of operation and low user acceptance, the industry has the characteristics of high operating costs and low profits, which will make it hard to succeed without the governments' coordinated support. Additionally, the factors affecting the cost are not analyzed in depth to develop reasonable pricing measures. Moreover, the charging characteristic of electric vehicles and the ability to provide auxiliary services for the power grid will also affect pricing strategies, which are not taken into consideration in the current studies. The emerging trend of electric vehicle sharing is in urgent need of government support. And it is of great significance to study the government's guiding measures for the industry. Fortunately, many countries have paid attention to the development of electric vehicle sharing. In order to create a favorable development environment, relevant development guidance and subsidy policies have been issued. Taking Shanghai, China as an example, the electric vehicle rental businesses of Bremen's car-sharing model was introduced in busy areas by government-enterprise cooperation and the travel pressure in these areas has been effectively alleviated [18]. In order to improve the environment, the Chinese government has attached great importance to the development of electric vehicles and financially supports all aspects of the development of electric vehicles [19]. In 2017, guidance on promoting the healthy development of small and micro passenger car rental was announced, providing comprehensive support for car sharing [20]. However, there is a lack of mature theoretical guidance in operational mode and cost control considering the continued support of government, which decides the success or failure of electric vehicle sharing. In addition, in the developing process of electric vehicle sharing, the government, operator and consumers have certain conflicts of interest, and their coordination is an important issue. Therefore, the goal of this paper is to establish an operational mode and pricing mechanism of electric vehicle sharing considering government support policies. The main contribution of this paper is to propose an electric vehicle sharing operation mode with government participation in the early stage, and construct a two-stage Stackelberg game model considering subsidy and pricing strategies. We took the implementation environment of electric vehicle sharing in China as an example to carry out the research. First, the operation mode with government participation is proposed, so as to improve the enthusiasm of the electric vehicle sharing enterprise. Next, combining the situation that the electric car-sharing industry is still in its infancy, taking the impact of policy subsidies into account, the users' cost utility, the operator's revenue utility and the government's economic and social utility are analyzed. Then, a two-stage Stackelberg game model consisting of three participants--the government, operator and users--is established. Considering the interests of the participating entities, the pricing strategy of the operator and the government's subsidy incentive mechanism are investigated. Additionally, the impact of factors such as private car travel costs on the results is analyzed. As a new travel mode, electric vehicle sharing will compete with the taxis, buses and private cars. Although the travel cost of buses is relatively low, its comfort and convenience are far less than the other three travel modes. Electric vehicle sharing is not competitive in this kind of user group.