## 3 Results
Shown in Table 3 are the results of SA assessments reported as \(\mu\)g/mL. Average salivary SA levels were lowest amongst the healthy group at all evaluations with baseline values of 64 \(\mu\)g/mL that were significantly lower than the gingivitis and periodontal disease subjects with 95 \(\mu\)g/mL and 102 \(\mu\)g/mL, respectively (\(p<0.05\)). The range for SA amongst healthy subjects was 21-98 at baseline. The SA ranged from 38-205 amongst gingivitis and 41-187 amongst periodontal disease subjects, respectively, in the baseline. No significant differences were noted between SA levels of the gingivitis and periodontal disease groups at baseline (\(p>0.05\)). SA levels in the healthy group were significantly lower than in the other groups at all recall visits (\(p<0.05\)). On days eight and fifteen, average SA levels in the healthy group were 53 \(\mu\)g/mL and 57 \(\mu\)g/mL, respectively, with a range of 15-97 \(\mu\)g/mL. In contrast, the average SA values amongst gingivitis subjects were 99 \(\mu\)g/mL and 103 \(\mu\)g/mL, respectively, on day eight and fifteen evaluations, respectively with a range of 20-230 \(\mu\)g/mL. The periodontal disease group registered the highest average values for SA over the study with scores of 109 \(\mu\)g/mL and 113 \(\mu\)g/mL at the day eight and fifteen evaluations, respectively. Correspondingly, this group registered the higher ranges for SA between 25-280 \(\mu\)g/mL. No significant differences in salivary SA were noted between the gingivitis and periodontal disease groups at all evaluations (\(p>0.05\)). Results from the spot test for sialidase are shown in Figure 1 and include a representation from subjects clinically stratified into the three clinical groups. Incubation of saliva samples with substrate-laden filter paper strips resulted in a blue color, which is indicative of the presence of sialidase. Notably, samples from healthy subjects [marked H] had little sialidase activity represented by a slight blue color. In contrast, samples from gingivitis [marked G] and periodontal diseases [marked P] resulted in a more intense blue color with limited discrimination in color intensities between these populations. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c c c c c} \hline
**Clinical** & **Parameter** & **GL** & **PI** & **CAL** & **CPI** & **GL** & **PI** & **CAL** & **CPI** & **GI** & **PI** & **CAL** & **CPI** \\
**Group** & **D0** & **D0** & **D0** & **D0** & **D0** & **D8** & **D8** & **D8** & **D8** & **D15** & **D15** & **D15** & **D15** \\ \hline Healthy & Mean & 0.27 & 2.66 & 0.04 & 1.51 & 0.15 & 2.87 & 0.04 & 1.44 & 0.21 & 2.60 & 0.04 & 1.36 \\  & SD & 0.18 & 0.91 & 0.11 & 0.31 & 0.16 & 0.59 & 0.11 & 0.35 & 0.19 & 0.72 & 0.11 & 0.30 \\ Gingivitis & Mean & 1.60 & 2.98 & 0.07 & 1.83 & 1.46 & 2.81 & 0.06 & 1.90 & 1.35 & 2.54 & 0.05 & 1.70 \\  & SD & 0.49 & 1.03 & 0.15 & 0.48 & 0.35 & 0.79 & 0.14 & 0.52 & 0.32 & 0.74 & 0.10 & 0.51 \\ Periodontal & Mean & 1.95 & 3.96 & 1.90 & 4.03 & 1.92 & 3.68 & 1.84 & 4.03 & 1.89 & 3.75 & 1.90 & 4.11 \\ Disease [mm] & SD & 0.40 & 0.57 & 1.26 & 1.07 & 0.37 & 0.77 & 1.22 & 1.08 & 0.33 & 0.59 & 1.26 & 1.04 \\ \hline \end{tabular}  
Table represents results from GI [Gingival Index], PI [Dental Plaque Index], CAL [Attachment Loss], CPI [Community periodontal index] with evaluations conducted on baseline [D0], with recall visits D8 and D15 conducted after 8 and 15 days, respectively, after the baseline. Clinical evaluations and indices based on previously published scales [18, 19, 20].  
\end{table} 
Table 2: Summary of clinical evaluations over study period. Figure 1: Rapid chair-side spot test for salivary sialidase. This photograph represents the results from the chair-side test for sialidase in saliva samples collected from subjects. The clinical status of subjects corresponding to healthy [H], gingivitis [G] and periodontal disease [P], respectively during clinical examination are shown in each column. The numeral adjacent to the alphabet is the subject identification number.