## 4 Results and Discussion  
### Analysis of Coherence Coefficient Results  
In this study, we systematically investigated the Jinchuan mining area in Jinchang, Gansu Province, through advanced TS-InSAR analysis, utilizing multi-source satellite data from \"Fucheng-1\", \"Shenqi\", and Sentinel-1A. In this research, we comprehensively evaluated their interferometric performance and rigorously examined the advantages and reliability of high-frequency small satellite constellations for enhanced mining area surveillance and deformation detection. As illustrated in Figure 5, in this study, we designated the 22 January 2025 image as the reference master image, with the \"Shenqi\" and \"Fucheng-1\" satellites maintaining an exceptionally vertical baseline control within 70 m, demonstrating superior orbital precision and remarkable collaborative operational capabilities. Our analysis demonstrated that as the spatiotemporal baseline increased, all interferometric pairs showed an average coherence coefficient degradation of approximately 0.15 over a three-month period relative to the master image. Notably, \"Fucheng-1\" and \"Shenqi\" maintained consistently high coherence coefficients ranging from 0.6 to 0.8 and exhibited temporal distribution characteristics in mean coherence coefficients similar to those of Sentinel-1A interferometric pairs with similar temporal baselines. These coherence characteristics provide critical advantages in optimal candidate point selection in TS-InSAR processing while substantially improving the precision and reliability of subsequent deformation inversion results. This paper comprehensively evaluates temporal coherence characteristics between \"Fucheng-1\" and \"Shenqi\" satellites through comparative analysis with Sentinel-1A, employing both visual interpretation and quantitative statistical approaches. Figure 6 demonstrates the three groups' temporal coherence coefficient time-series results across identical geographical regions using the RD model, revealing that the \"Fucheng-1\" and \"Shenqi\" dual-satellite constellation exhibits spatial distribution characteristics remarkably similar to those of Sentinel-1A, despite their differing satellite parameters. Figure 4: (**a**) Layout of CR in the Jinchuan mining area, Jinchang. (**b–d**) Photographs of triangular CR CR02, CR05, and CR08 deployed in the Jinchuan mining area. The CR was adjusted for the azimuth angle of the descending track and had a side length of 1 m.  
To systematically quantify and evaluate the temporal coherence characteristics, specific interferogram pairs were selected with controlled baselines: for \"Fucheng-1\", slave images were selected from 26 October 2024 and 11 January 2025, and for \"Shenqi\", slave images were selected from 11 March 2025, with these images demonstrating temporal baselines of \(-\)88, 11, and 48 days, respectively. For Sentinel-1A analysis, we utilized slave images from 2025 to 2025, and 2025 to 2025, respectively. The temporal coherence characteristics were selected from 2025 to 2025, and 20  
26 October 2024, and 6 January and 7 March 2025, corresponding to temporal baselines of \(-\)84, 12, and 48 days. As illustrated in Figure 7, the cumulative distribution of the interference coherence coefficient for \"Fucheng-1\" slave imagery with an 11-day temporal baseline exceeds 0.7 at 78.96%. Similarly, for Sentinel-1A with an 11-day temporal baseline, the coherence coefficients reaching 0.7 comprised 75.67%. Overall, the \"Fucheng-1\" and \"Shenqi\" dual-satellite constellation exhibits mean coherence coefficients slightly superior to those of Sentinel-1A at similar temporal baselines. Moreover, the constellation's higher spatial resolution enhances its sensitivity to detailed variations in distributed targets, resulting in a marginally higher standard of deviations than those seen in the Sentinel-1A results.