## 7 Smart Grid Scenario in Oman  
A conceptual pathway for building a SG based on the current power system network in Oman was presented in reference [102]. For example, Oman Power and Water Procurement Company (OPWP) announced the first IPP utility scale solar project, which has 500 MW of generation capacity from photovoltaic (PV) system will be located in Ibri in Al Dhahirah Governorate on an 1800-hectare site. The cost is estimated to be $500 million. The plant will be connected to the Main Interconnected System (MIS), which would be run by Oman Electricity Transmission Company (OETC) and will meet power requirements of around 33,000 homes. This PV plant will reduce CO2 emissions around 340,000 tons per annum. Moreover, the commercial operation is expected to be by early 2021 [103]. Since 2019, Oman is planning boost up the smart grid communication and security system to receive quantum-safe encryption [104]. For the purpose of building highly reliable and resilient grid communication technology, ABB is in work to construct infrastructure for the OETC to incorporate state-of-the-art Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system with ABB's utility grade FOX615 multiplexer. In 2017, Nama Group declared the commencement of the real-time operation of the centrally implemented Automatic Meter Reading (AMR) scheme in partnership with CESI Middle East FZE [105], the initiative is mainly for customers consuming more than 150 MWh of electricity per year. In September of the same year, the Council of Financial Affairs and Energy Resources has approved to intermix 10% renewable energy in electricity supply in Sultanate of Oman by 2025. Since January 2017, the customers such as industrial, commercial, and governmental who consume more than 150 MWh per year will pay by the scheme called cost-reflective tariffs (CRT). Although the \begin{table}
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**Country** & **Roadmap Policy** & **Point of Focus** & **Motivation** \\ \hline Canada & Two level (Federal and Provincial) & & & \\ policy development is ongoing by & - & Advanced metering infrastructure & - & Introduction of clean \\  & the regulatory authorities from & - & Development of self-healing grids & & energy legislation \\  & both levels. & - & Development of microgrids & - & Feed-in Tariff program. \\  & & - & Demand response management & - & Market needs. \\  & & - & Multiple rate structure or time of & & \\  & & use pricing & & \\  & & - & Voltage and reactive power control & & \\ \hline Japan & The Strategic Energy Plan of & & & \\  & Japan: (3E+S) policy & - & “Last Mile” smart grid investment & - & Build a low-carbon society \\  & & - & Home side management & - & Gain energy independence by 70\% \\  & & - & Solar power for home application & - & Technology based \\  & & - & Integration of more renewable & & \\  & & - & energy sources & & \\  & & - & Consumer focused & & \\ \hline China & & & & \\  & - & The 12 th Five-Year Plan on & - & Policy and standardization & - & Supply security \\  & National Economic and & - & Strenghten smart grid planning & - & Smart distribution grids with \\  & Social Development & - & Accelerate smart grid construction & & advanced sensors and \\  & - & Decision of the State Council & - & Reduce growth of GHG emission & & control technologies. \\  & on Accelerating the & - & Improving energy pricing mechanism & & \\  & Fostering and Development & - & Improve grid asset utilization & & \\  & of Strategic & & Emerging Industries & & \\ \hline Germany & The German roadmap & & & & \\  & e-energy/smart grids 2.0 & - & Standardization of German smart & - & Create future sustainable \\  & & & grid requirements & power grid \\  & & - & Power system management & - & Establish greener \\  & & - & Energy storage and & & power infrastructure \\  & & distributed generations & & \\  & & - & Security and safety & & \\  & & - & Technologies for power system and & & \\  & & & home automation & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
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