# Comparison of Multi-Agent Platform Usability for Industrial-Grade Applications
## 1 Introduction
To meet client and market demands, continuous communication with customers is essential, driving the popularity of SE methodologies such as agile development. These methodologies require software that is easily modifiable to accommodate evolving client needs, which, in turn, emphasises modular design, application testing, Continuous Integration and Delivery (CI/CD), and application monitoring. In contrast, software developed within the scope of scientific research often does not need to address such concerns. Typically, research-oriented software achieves a Technology Readiness Level (TRL) of 4-5 (and sometimes TRL 6), whereas enterprise software must reach TRL 8-9. From a research perspective, achieving TRL 8-9 (even TRL 7) is not required for conducting exploratory experiments, sharing work with other researchers, or publishing papers. Consequently, as will be shown in what follows, the technologies used in MAS development often do not meet the standards of modern Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) approaches. This, in turn, creates a cyclical issue, where the lack of industrial-grade applications diminishes the need for further advancements in agent-based software. Hence, it can be argued that this is one of the fundamental reasons for the limited adoption of Agent-Oriented Software Engineering (AOSE) by enterprise developers. To bridge this gap and enable companies to fully leverage agent-related paradigms, it is essential to identify and address the technological limitations of AOSE, which is the primary focus of this study. Such analysis can benefit the scientific community by pinpointing areas in need of refinement within the existing (and possibly future) agent platforms. This type of analysis has to incorporate practical experiences and expertise with modern production systems, especially given the rapid pace of technological development, which can render tools and standards formulated 5-10 years ago obsolete. Consequently, the contribution of this work is to contrast relevant areas of production software development with the current state of agent systems. It categorises various aspects of AOSE, from those adequately covered by the existing tools to those requiring significant attention in the future. The goal is to outline future directions for the practical application of MAS. To the best of the authors' knowledge, no previous analysis has focused specifically on the technical limitations of MAS tools from an industrial-grade perspective. The remainder of this work is structured as follows: Section 2 reviews the state-of-the-art, focusing on industrial-grade applications of AOSE. Section 3 provides an overview of the most popular MAS development frameworks. Section 4 discusses modern SDLC standards, including technological and organisational aspects. The core contribution, detailed in Section 5, examines the technological state of AOSE across various (industrial) software project development areas. Section 6 summarises the findings, categorising areas in need of further refinement. Finally, Section 7 presents the main conclusions and suggests potential future directions for MAS applications.