## 1 Introduction
### Previous Studies
The effective energy consumption was measured based on the thermal efficiency of the fuel as found in the existing literature and revealed the main characteristics and trends of energy structure changes. The results showed that in 2015, the per capita actual energy consumption and effective energy consumption reached 546.4 kgce and 142.5 kgce, respectively. [PERSON] et al. [18] studied the impacts of rising wage rates on China's rural energy consumption structures. They produced a unique panel data set based on two rounds of surveys conducted for 409 rural households in four provinces. The results showed that the village wage level had a significant negative impact on the traditional biomass energy consumption and a significant positive impact on the electricity and energy consumption. [PERSON] et al. [19] proposed a method for using low-cost information and communication technologies to improve the energy efficiency and comfort conditions of public buildings. The results showed inefficient consumption patterns and discomfort, and users were encouraged to take action and to adjust municipal policies. [PERSON] et al. [10] studied the adoption of multi-standard decision support tools for transformation projects in four representative climatic environments in Iran. Based on the economic feasibility, environmental impact, and comfort benefits, they defined the best retrofitting strategy for rural buildings. According to the results, in different climate zones, the primary energy demand was reduced by 46% to 55%, carbon emissions were reduced by 40% to 51%, and thermal comfort was improved by 23%. [PERSON] et al. [20] introduced the current situation regarding energy consumption in rural areas in China, and then noted the problems and challenges in achieving energy efficiency in rural buildings. Measures for reducing the rural energy consumption were proposed based on adaptation to local conditions, including measures based on architectural planning and design, building envelopes, the development and utilization of renewable energy, and energy conservation in daily life. Finally, based on the above analysis, suggestions were proposed regarding policies and standards for improving building energy efficiency. [PERSON] et al. [21] conducted an extensive literature review on the quantitative energy demands of rural areas in developing countries to study the energy demands and consumption; they determined the various energy requirements and analyzed their typical consumption levels. [PERSON] et al. (2019) proposed a novel passive heating design method called the \"On-Top Sunspace\" for solving rural heating problems in the severely cold regions of northern China. The results showed that when the roof angle was 28\({}^{\circ}\) and the front and rear roof glass-to-roof ratios were 0.5 and 0.6, respectively, the lowest building energy consumption was achieved. [PERSON] et al. (2019) used an urban weather generator tool to study the urban heat island phenomenon. The temperature of an urban canyon was calculated based on the location of the city and the geometric shape of a region corresponding to the three European climate zones. The results showed that the urban temperature rose from 0.8 \({}^{\circ}\)C in winter to 2.0 \({}^{\circ}\)C in summer. When using rural weather data as input, the annual air conditioning demand was underestimated by 10%. [PERSON] et al. (2019) used rural household survey data from 2005 to 2008 to estimate the proportion of natural gas relative to China's rural energy expenditures, based on the generalized Roy model. The results showed that if the penetration rate of natural gas was doubled, households' fuel expenditures would increase by at least 80%, which could potentially worsen the economic situations of poor households. The passive renovation of buildings is an effective approach to reducing building energy consumption.