## 3 Results
The Right Biceps Femoris (RBF) shows a prominent peak in EMG activity between approximately 15% and 40% of the cycle. Position P5 exhibits the highest peak, reaching around 125 \(\upmu\)V, followed by positions P4 and P3 with peaks around 100 \(\upmu\)V. Positions P1 and P2 display lower EMG activity, peaking below 60 \(\upmu\)V. After this peak, the muscle activity in all positions declines sharply, stabilising at lower levels from 50% to 100% of the cycle. The statistical bar indicates significant differences in muscle activity across the positions during the early phase (0-45%) and later phase (55-100%) of the cycle, as shown by the grey-shaded regions. For the Right Erector Spinae (RES), a single peak in EMG activity occurs between 10% and 40% of the cycle. Position P5 exhibits the highest peak, reaching approximately 80 \(\upmu\)V, followed by P4 and P1 with peaks around 70 \(\upmu\)V. Positions P3 and P2 display lower EMG activity, peaking below 50 \(\upmu\)V. Following this peak, the muscle activity gradually decreases and stabilises at lower levels for the remainder of the cycle. The statistical analysis reveals a significant difference in muscle activity between the positions during the early phase of the cycle (15-40%). The Left Erector Spinae (LES) mirrored the activity pattern of the RES, with consistent activation across all positions and a peak between 25% and 60% of the cycle. Position P2 shows the highest peak, reaching approximately 120 \(\upmu\)V, followed by P1, P5 and P4 with peaks around 100 \(\upmu\)V. Positions P3 exhibit lower EMG activity, peaking below 90 \(\upmu\)V. Post-peak, the muscle activity decreases gradually, with significant differences observed again towards the end of the cycle (90-100%). The statistical analysis showed significant differences in muscle activity across the positions between 0-75% of the cycle. The ANOVA analysis identified specific regions of interest that warrant further exploration through post hoc paired comparisons of the EMG curves for positions P1 to P4 relative to P5. The EMG activity profiles of the six muscles during the pedalling cycle, comparing positions P1 (green) and P5 (red), revealed distinct patterns and significant differences as indicated by the SPM {t} analysis (Figure 4). In particular, the EMG activity of the RTA muscle exhibited two distinct peaks within the cycle. The first peak occurred between approximately 10% and 35% of the cycle, where position P5 showed a higher amplitude, peaking around 80 \(\upmu\)V, compared to position P1, which peaked below 50 \(\upmu\)V. The second peak was observed between 70% and 90% of the cycle, with position P1 demonstrating a higher amplitude, reaching about 90 \(\upmu\)V, while position P5 peaked around 60 \(\upmu\)V. The statistical analysis revealed significant differences in muscle activity between positions P1 and P5 only during the ending phase of the cycle (70-90%), as indicated by the grey-shaded region on the statistical bar. The RVLO muscle demonstrated a prominent peak in EMG activity early in the cycle, between approximately 0% and 25%. Position P1 shows a higher amplitude, peaking around 270 \(\upmu\)V, while position P5 peaks at approximately 200 \(\upmu\)V. Following this peak, the muscle activity for both positions declines sharply, reaching minimal values between 25% and 75% of the cycle. Towards the end of the cycle, between 75% and 100%, the EMG activity increased again, with position P1 exhibiting a slightly higher amplitude compared to position P5. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences in muscle activity between positions P1 and P5 during three distinct phases: the early phase (0-15%), the middle phase (55-65%), and the late phase (80-100%), as indicated by the grey shaded regions on the statistical bar. The RLG muscle exhibited a prominent peak in EMG activity around the middle of the cycle, approximately between 25% and 75%.