# Data Privacy in the Internet of Things: A Perspective of Personal Data Store-Based Approaches
## 3 Data Privacy in the Internet of Things
### IoT Data Privacy  
The concept of privacy presents widely differing definitions and perspectives [23]. Each definition depends on context, culture, and environment. [PERSON] presented his privacy theory, which defined how people could protect themselves and restrict access to themselves by others. He described privacy as \"_the desire of people to choose freely under what circumstances and to what extent they will expose themselves, their attitude, and their behavior to others_\" [24]. [PERSON] argued that users should exercise complete control over their data, including the extent of personal information disclosure, to whom, and how it is managed and distributed. His work laid the foundation for contemporary interpretations of online privacy regulations [25]. Privacy asserts limits on societal intrusion into personal lives and encompasses four key facets [26]:  
* Information privacy necessitates the establishment of unequivocal rules governing the acquisition and management of personal data. Diverse data types, including data banks, medical, or governmental records, fall within this case;* Bodily privacy entails safeguarding physical tests from intrusion, including blood samples, DNA, and genetic tests;
* Privacy of communications relates to the security of any forms of communication regardless of the technologies, such as mail, email, and telephone;
* Territorial privacy establishes boundaries against intrusion into domestic, work, and public spaces. Information privacy has been gaining popularity alongside the increasing use of electronic processing. [PERSON] [24] defined information privacy as \"_the right to select what personal information about me is known to what people_\", underscoring the individual's claim that their personal data remain inaccessible to third parties (whether individuals or organizations). Furthermore, when another party possesses such data, the individual should maintain control over them and their utilization [27]. In the realm of IoT, their broader and pervasive nature enables the generation, transmission, and storage of large amounts of personal data, including, for instance, locations, shopping records, financial transactions, pictures, conversations, health records, and others. This data collection occurs discreetly, making it difficult for the user to realize that they are being tracked [28]. These features underscore data privacy protection as one of the most critical challenges within the IoT [29; 30]. [PERSON] et al. [31] expanded [PERSON]'s privacy definition and formulated their own within the IoT domain, characterized by the triple guarantee to the user for:  
* Awareness of privacy risks imposed by smart things and services surrounding the data subject;
* Individual control over the collection and processing of personal information by surrounding smart things;
* Awareness and control of subsequent use and dissemination of personal information by those entities to any entity outside the subject's personal control sphere. In this context, we can identify different privacy threats in the literature [32], and following this identification, we provide a brief description of the common ones. Identification: The IoT encompasses various devices that collect a wide range of data about users and their environment. Service providers typically process these data beyond the users' sphere of control, creating a risk of identification. This risk involves linking user personal data with an identifier, such as a name or address. Technologies and the interconnection of various techniques amplify this identification threat in the IoT domain  
Localization and tracking refers to determining and recording an individual's location within a spatial and temporal context using various technological methods, such as cell phone tracking or GPS data. The availability of such data has increased interest in using geographic information and spatial analysis for various applications.