## 3 Results
### Air Gasification Analysis of CPHs
At 500 \({}^{\circ}\)C and 600 \({}^{\circ}\)C, the CO/CO\({}_{2}\) ratio remains stable at 0.2-0.3, but at 700 \({}^{\circ}\)C, it rises sharply above 1, indicating that reaction (2) becomes more favorable than reaction (1). At 500 \({}^{\circ}\)C and 600 \({}^{\circ}\)C, both reactions occur with equal intensity, which explains the constant \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multicolumn{1}{c}{\(\mathbf{T}_{\text{\textbackslash{}}}\)} & \multicolumn{5}{c}{**Mode Fractions (\%)**} & \multicolumn{5}{c}{**HHV,**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Qgas,**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Power,**} \\ \({}^{\circ}\)**C** & **H\({}_{2}\)** & **O\({}_{2}\)** & **CO** & **CH\({}_{4}\)** & **N\({}_{2}\)** & **CO\({}_{2}\)** & **MJ/m\({}^{3}\)N** & **mL/min** & **W** \\ \hline
500 & 0.23 & 1.47 & 6.15 & 0.22 & 70.66 & 22.75 & 0.89 & 203.43 & 3.03 \\ \hline
600 & 1.70 & 10.62 & 7.43 & 2.66 & 62.75 & 25.46 & 2.21 & 226.18 & 8.35 \\ \hline
700 & 9.98 & 1.18 & 11.77 & 1.52 & 63.01 & 13.72 & 3.36 & 238.69 & 13.39 \\ \hline
800 [53] & 12.03 & 3.52 & 13.71 & 3.96 & 54.21 & 11.27 & 5.30 & & \\ \hline
750 [3] & 11.39 & 3.30 & 14.01 & 2.75 & 57.73 & 10.16 & 4.30 & & \\ \hline
700 [53] & 10.10 & 3.72 & 12.53 & 2.66 & 62.05 & 8.23 & 3.90 & & \\ \hline
650 [53] & 8.35 & 4.85 & 10.83 & 1.14 & 66.85 & 6.54 & 3.60 & & \\ \hline
660–830 [57] & 3.25–4.00 & 0.01–0.08 & 12.5–19.9 & 1.84–2.90 & 56.7–64.2 & 14.5–17.4 & 3.1–5.03 & & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 8: Effect of temperature on the mole fractions of the gases generated, PCS, gas flow rate, and power [53; 57]. ratio during the experiments. The values at 500 \({}^{\circ}\)C and 600 \({}^{\circ}\)C suggest that water-gas and water-gas shift reactions (4, 5, and 7) are not taking place, as their ratios tend to decrease over time. However, at 700 \({}^{\circ}\)C, an increase in both ratios are observed early in the reaction, indicating the potential involvement of these reactions, likely due to the release of moisture from the biomass. There is a decrease in the H\({}_{2}\)/CH\({}_{4}\) ratio at 500 \({}^{\circ}\)C and 600 \({}^{\circ}\)C, suggesting no significant reforming reaction of CH\({}_{4}\). However, at 700 \({}^{\circ}\)C, the ratio increases sharply, indicating a possible involvement of reaction (8) due to the decrease in CH\({}_{4}\) and the significant increase in H\({}_{2}\). The increase in H\({}_{2}\) could also be influenced by water-gas and water-gas shift reactions. The hydrogasification reaction (6) does not occur in this air gasification process at the temperatures used, as there is no increase in CH\({}_{4}\). Higher temperatures or the presence of a catalyst would be required for this reaction to take place. Our gasification studies revealed an increase in hydrogen (H\({}_{2}\)) content in the syngas from 0.23% at 500 \({}^{\circ}\)C to 9.98% at 700 \({}^{\circ}\)C. This observation is consistent with the study by [PERSON] et al. (2020) [51], which demonstrated that higher gasification temperatures favor endothermic reactions such as steam reforming and water-gas shift, thereby enhancing H\({}_{2}\) production. Their results showed a similar trend, with H\({}_{2}\) concentrations increasing significantly at elevated temperatures, corroborating our findings. The composition of syngas was analyzed with triplicate measurements. Hydrogen (H\({}_{2}\)) content increased from 0.23% \(\pm\) 0.02 at 500 \({}^{\circ}\)C to 9.98% \(\pm\) 0.11 at 700 \({}^{\circ}\)C. Carbon monoxide (CO) showed a statistically significant increase from 4.32% \(\pm\) 0.09 to 12.54% \(\pm\) 0.14. A post hoc Tukey test confirmed significant differences (\(p<\) 0.05) between all temperature condi  
Figure 8: Effect of temperature on the evolution of the accumulated CO/CO\({}_{2}\), H\({}_{2}\)/CO, H\({}_{2}\)CO\({}_{2}\), and H\({}_{2}\)/CH\({}_{4}\) moles over time. tions. Our statistical analysis confirms that the observed changes in syngas composition are not due to random variability but rather to the direct effect of increasing temperature.