## 3 A Comparison of the Technology Used in EREVs  
When we design an extended range electric vehicle, we start by comparing the different technologies, analyzing their possible configurations, and analyzing the relationships among all their components. The selection of the type of range extender at the time of vehicle design will depend on certain system characteristics. Thus, range extender systems are compared here. The criteria by which the systems are evaluated are as follows. * System power;
* Amount of extra range;
* Global system efficiency;
* Emissions. Vehicle concepts can have diverse sets of specifications. For example, the battery size and user profile determine the amount of time a range extender is used. This defines the importance of the efficiency. Furthermore, depending on the type of vehicle, the packing weight can be a more or less important criterion for choice of technology. A brief overview of the collected information is presented in Table 1. It is clearly possible to identify that there are major differences between some of the concepts. Figure 11: A diagram of the configuration of wind energy extended range. Figure 10: A diagram of the configuration of RE-ER. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Extended Range** & **System Power** & **Extra Range** & **Efficiency** & **Emissions** \\ \hline  & & 232.79\% [7] & & \\  & 30 kW [12] & 430 km [12] & & \\ ICE-ER & 35 kW [14] & 51–139 km [35] & 20–40\% [75,76] & \\  & 5.5 kW [35] & 380 km [73] & 31\% [12] & Low \\  & 111 kW [72] & 330 km [74] & & \\  & & 676 [72] & & \\ \hline  & 20 kW [77] & 500 km [77] & & \\  & 85–83 kW [78] & 650 km [80] & 70\% [77] & \\ Fuel cell-ER & 1200 W [47] & 665 km [81] & 63.6–72.4\% [83] & No \\  & 25 kW [79] & 594 km [81] & 43\% [47] & \\  & 128 kW [80] & 1500 km [82] & 55.21\% [79] & \\ \hline Rotary & 3.8 kW [84] & 80 km [85] & 73\% [87] & \\ engine-ER & 20 kW [85] & 321 km [86] & 78\% [84] & Low \\ \hline  & 14.8 kW [88] & 32.1–47.7\% of the & 79–94\% [88] & \\ RB-ER & 55.75–82.66 kJ [89] & total recoverable energy [89] & 30–60\% [26] & No \\  & 298.75 kJ [90] & 1.18\% SOC improve [90] & 47\% [89] & \\ \hline  & & & 47.2\% [95] & \\  & 32 kW [91] & & 28\% [91] & \\ MGT-ER & 100 kW [92] & 370 km [94] & 30\% [92] & Low \\  & 63.3 kW [93] & & 35\% [94] & \\  & & & 38\% [93] & \\ \hline PVC-ER & 68.2–300 W [96] & 19.6 km [96] & 91.2\% [96] & No \\  & & 2.64 kW [97] & add up to 10\% [98] & 75\% [97] & \\  & 0.1–1.1 kW [70] & 7.27 km [97] & 75–90\% [70] & Low \\ \hline  & 40 kW to 1.6 MW [99] & & 60\% [100] & \\ FES-ER & 60–101 kW [100] & 1.17\% milage over [102] & 90–95\% [103] & No \\  & 1–20 kW [101] & & 70–90\% [104] & \\ \hline  & 710 W [105] & & 33.8–38.7\% [60] & \\ TAE-ER & 1029 W [106] & 80\% fuel consumption & 30\% [105] & \\  & 58 W [107] & savings [59] & 5.4\% [106] & Low \\  & 1.5 kW [108] & & 18\% [78] & \\  & & 16\% [108] & \\ \hline  & 8–40 W [100] & & 70–80\% [100] & \\ RSA-ER & 0.74–0.78 kW [109] & Can power an 8 W lidar & 71–84\% [111] & \\  & 19.2–67.5 W [110] & for 323 days or a 2 W & 33–63\% [110] & No \\  & 4.3 W [38] & camera for 1292 days [100] & 87\% [38] & \\  & & 16\% [38] & \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: A comparison of the extended range systems. The increasing demand for extended driving range in electric vehicles is the most prominent factor driving the EREV market. As a result, the global EREV market is projected to reach more than 500,000 units and more than $1500 million by 2026, at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of between 9.0% and 11.89% [112]. The Asia-Pacific market is estimated to reach more than $750 million by 2026, with a CAGR of 8.1%. North American market is estimated to reach more than $340 million by 2026, at a significant CAGR of 10.6% [113; 114]. Major industry participants are further investing a substantial amount into research and development processes to create advanced range extender products using various technologies.