## 1 Preface  
Corn is the most essential strategic crop in China, grown extensively throughout the country [1]. The Huanghuai region is a key maize-producing area, accounting for about one-third of the nation's sown area and contributing to half of its total output [2]. Effective management practices are crucial for maximizing agricultural productivity [3]. Currently, the primary methods used for corn fertilization and pesticide spraying in the Huanghuai region are manual, with mechanization covering only around 30% of the area dedicated to this vital crop. Specifically, fertilization is mainly carried out by the manual broadcastingmethod. During this process, farmers have to carry a certain weight of fertilizer and operate row by row in the field. This leads to high labor intensity and a fertilization utilization rate of only 40%, because it is very difficult to accurately control the amount and placement of fertilizer, resulting in waste and an uneven distribution [4]. Meanwhile, pesticides are sprayed using a manual backpack sprayer. Farmers have to bear the weight of the pesticides and carry out the spraying operation row by row. The unstable pressure of manual spraying makes it difficult to control the spraying range and droplet size, which in turn leads to uneven pesticide coverage and approximately 65% of pesticide waste. This will not only affect the effectiveness of pest control, but also increase the risk of environmental pollution [5]. To address these issues, the Huanghuai region must enhance research into breeding techniques and green yield enhancement models that are compatible with mechanized production, thereby fostering sustainable development [6].  
Currently, there are several types of fertilizer application machines including mechanical-driven disc machines, pneumatic machines, and electromagnetic machines [7]. Pneumatic machines require a reliable gas source and tend to have issues with stability in more complex environments [8; 9]. In contrast, electromagnetic machines involve intricate control systems and may incur higher costs [10]. The mechanical-driven disc fertilization machine stands out due to its simple structure, high reliability, and affordability. It utilizes mechanical transmission to transfer power to the disc, effectively managing fertilization even under varying soil conditions [11; 12; 13].  
Pesticide spraying is another critical aspect of corn growth from sowing to seedling emergence. In China, common methods for this include manual sprayers, spray rod machines, and drone-based applications [14]. However, manual sprayers have low operational efficiency and significant leakage issues, while spray rod machines require coordination with tractors [15]. Drones also face challenges such as liquid drift and inadequate droplet deposition, which result in insufficient coverage and potential non-point source pollution [16; 17].  
This study proposes the design and development of a mid-size fertilization and spraying machine powered by electric technology, tailored for corn intertilage management in the Huanghuai region. The system integrates a mechanical transmission for fertilization with an electric pump for spraying. Through the vehicle electric circuit design and simulation, the study introduces a novel solution that addresses the limitations of existing technologies, focusing on precision in both fertilization and pesticide spraying. This innovation aims to enhance nutrient supply and improve the effectiveness of pest control during corn growth.