# Energy Renovation of Residential Buildings in Hot and
## 1 Introduction
[31] developed an optimization model to determine the optimum insulation thicknesses of the walls and roofs of existing buildings based on primary energy consumption, global cost, and pollutant emissions, and [PERSON] and [PERSON] [32] developed a novel energy, environmental, and economic method to determine the optimum insulation thickness of walls. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Reference**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Method**} & **Main Aims and/or** & **Thermal** & **Sources for** & **Sources for** & **Optimization** & **Locations** \\  & & **Parameters Assessed** & **Insulation** & **Materials** & **Heating System** & **Cooling System** & **Criteria** & **Cooling System** \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{[12]} & \multirow{4}{*}{LCCA} & Energy renovation of & & & & & & & The 26 \\  & & residential buildings in & & EPS & Heating oil & & Heating & provincial \\  & & cold Mediterranean & MW & Natural gas & & Heating + & capitals in the \\  & & zones using optimized & & PUR & Biomass & & Cooling & cold climate \\  & & thermal envelope & & XPS & Electricity & & & zones, Spain \\  & & insulation thicknesses & & & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{[13]} & \multirow{4}{*}{LCCA} & \multirow{4}{*}{Environmental and } & Wood fiber & & & & & \\  & & Hemp fiber & & & & & & \\  & & Linen fiber & & & & & & \\  & & & Cork & & & & & \\  & & economic benefits of & Rock wool & & & & & \\  & & optimal insulation & Fiber glass & & & & & \\  & & thickness & EPS & & & & \\  & & XPS & & & & & \\  & & PUR & & & & & \\  & & Sheep wool & & & & & & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{[14]} & \multirow{4}{*}{LCCA} & A sustainable solution & & & & & & Abruzzo, \\  & for energy efficiency & & & & & & & Campania and \\ \cline{1-1}  & & & & & & & Cooling & & Piedmont \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{[15]} & \multirow{4}{*}{LCCA} & Optimum insulation & & & & & & Izmir, Bursa, \\ \cline{1-1}  & & thicknesses of the & & & & & & Eksighiri and \\ \cline{1-1}  & & external walls and roof & & & & & & Erzurum, \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{2-11}  & & & & & & & & Turkey \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Main studies that have determined the optimum insulation thickness using life cycle cost analysis (LCCA) and P\({}_{1}\)-P\({}_{2}\) method for residential buildings. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Reference** & **Method** & **Main Aims and/or Parameters Assessed** & **Thermal Insulation Materials** & **Sources for Heating System** & **Sources for Cooling System** & **Optimization Criteria** & **Locations** \\ \hline
The objective of this study is to assess the energy, environmental, and economic impacts of the energy renovation of the thermal envelope of existing residential buildings in hot and temperate climate zones in Spain, complementing the results in [12] conducted for cold climate zones in Spain. LCCA is used to assess the optimum insulation thickness to be added to the walls, roof, and first floor framework (FFF), and existing building openings are replaced. The insulation thickness is optimized to minimize the total heating costs, total cooling costs, and total heating and cooling costs. Four thermal insulation materials, expanded polystyrene (EPS), mineral wool (MW), polyurethane (PUR), and extruded polystyrene (XPS), and different heating and cooling systems, including heating oil boilers, natural gas boilers, biomass boilers, and electric heat pumps, are considered. The residential building studied is a multi-family housing block, and its existing thermal envelope has the main features of the thermal envelopes of the existing residential stock in the studied climate zones. This study improves and adapts the methodology developed in [12] to determine the energy renovation solutions that will achieve NZEBs. These solutions are thermally simulated to fill in the gap between LCCA estimates and reality.