## 3 Results
### Anti-Proteinase Activity  
The arthritic reactions have been implicated with high proteinases. Neutrophhik have a significant amount of proteinases, and proteinases are known to be involved in the damage of tissues in inflammatory reactions. Significant anti-proteinase activity was exhibited by both ethanol extracts of _P. emblica_ and _A. indica_, and anti-proteinase activity of ethanol extracts of _P. emblica_ and _A. indica_ was comparable with diclofenac. The percent inhibition  
Figure 2: Percentage of H\({}_{2}\)O\({}_{2}\) scavenging activity of ethanol extract of _P. emblica_ (blue column) and _A. indica_ (yellow column). Samples 1 to 6 correspond to various concentrations of extracts (100–600 ug/mL). The results are presented as means \(\pm\) SEM (\(n\) = 3). Sample 8 denotes samples having ascorbic acid with a concentration 300 ug/mL. The statistical differences are denoted with asterisk (\(\lx@math@degree\)) for _P. emblica_, indicating significance at \(p\) < 0.05 in comparison with the reference sample, and a hashtag (\(\#\)), signifying \(p\) < 0.05 for _A. indica_ in comparison with the reference sample. of proteinase activity of _P. emblica_ and _A. indica_ was concentration-dependent. The ethanol extract of _P. emblica_ and _A. indica_ at 600 ug/mL showed maximum inhibition activity (63.67 and 55.27%, respectively) (Figure 5). However, the maximum percent inhibition of proteinase activity was displayed by diclofenac sodium at 200 ug/mL (71.59 \(\pm\) 0.075) (data are not shown in the graph). Inhibition of Egg Albumin Denaturation Inhibition to Evaluate In Vitro Anti-Arthritic Activity of P. emblica and A. indica Extract  
The anti-arthritic effect of ethanol extract was appraised against egg albumin denaturation (Figure 6). Plant extracts showed concentration-dependent egg albumin denaturation  
Figure 4: Percentage protection of heat-persuaded denaturation of protein. The blue columns (from 1–6) at the x-axis denotes the concentration of 100–600 ug/mL of _P. emblica_ extract. The yellow columns (from 1–6) at the x-axis denotes the concentration of 100–600 ug/mL of _A. indica_ extract. Sample 7 denotes the sample having ibuprofen with a concentration of 200 ug/mL. The results are denoted as means \(\pm\) SEM (\(n\) = 3). The statistical differences are denoted with asterisk (*) for _P. emblica_, indicating significance at \(p\) < 0.05 in comparison with the reference sample, and a hashtag (#), signifying \(p\) < 0.05 for _A. indica_ in comparison with the reference sample. Figure 3: Percentage free radical reducing ability. Percentage DPPH scavenging activity of ethanol extract of _P. emblica_ (blue column) and _A. indica_ (yellow column). Samples 1 to 7 correspond to various concentrations of extracts (50, 100–600 ug/mL). The results are presented as means \(\pm\) SEM (\(n\) = 3). Sample 8 denotes samples having ascorbic acid with a concentration of 200 ug/mL. The statistical differences are denoted with asterisk (*) for _P. emblica_, indicating significance at \(p\) < 0.05 in comparison with the reference sample, and a hashtag (#), signifying \(p\) < 0.05 for _A. indica_ in comparison with the reference sample. inhibition activities compared with the standard diclofenac (100-600 ug/mL). This result shows that ethanol extracts are highly effective against heat-induced egg albumin denaturation. Thus, it can be suggested that anti-arthritic potential might be possibly due to their capability to inhibit the heat-induced egg albumin denaturation, and it may be linked with the presence of some antioxidant polyphenolic compounds in extracts. Diclofenac was used as a standard drug in this experiment that displayed maximum inhibition 63.01 \(\pm\) 0.48%, at the concentration of 200 ug/mL (data are not shown in the graph). Figure 5: Anti-proteinase activity of ethanol extracts of _P. emplica_ and _A. indica._ The blue columns (from 1–6) at the x-axis represent a concentration of 100–600 ug/mL of _P. emplica_ extract.