## 3 Results and Discussion
### Technological Studies of the Formation of Spatial Primitives Using Additive Deposition Processes
The plate on which the product was deposited was significantly deformed along the vertical axis. To avoid such an effect, it was decided to use deposition fixtures, which would contain and preserve the plane geometry of the plate;
2. A product of a cylindrical shape was prone to radial displacement; after 20 deposited layers, the product diameter was reduced by almost 1 mm. To prevent such deformation, a conclusion was made about the need to compensate for the deformation by means of a gradual increase in the diameter during part deposition. Based on investigations of the features of spatial primitive formation, the characteristic disadvantages of metal object formation via additive deposition were determined. In particular, when forming corners, the deposition rate was non-uniform, leading to a greater amount of metal in this zone and overheating of the material of the formed object. The \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline  & **Sample M1** & **Sample N2** & **Sample N3** & **Averaged Value** \\ \hline Tensile strength, MPa & 606 & 627 & 618 & 617 \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: The results of static tensile testing of the samples of additive wall deposition with HYF–103 powder of the Fe–Cr–Ni–B–Si system. Figure 3: The appearance of the plate and schematic of cutting out samples for mechanical testing of the metal (**a**) produced by layer–by–layer deposition of HYF–103 powder using additive microplasma deposition; sketch (**b**) of a sample for mechanical testing (\(l_{0}\) = 20 mm, \(d_{0}\) = 3 mm). elimination of this disadvantage requires the application of the respective control program and monitoring system. Moreover, disturbances in the plasma-forming and shielding gas flows arose in the corners and at the wall crossings. To solve this problem, it is necessary to study the features of microplasmatron gas dynamics and to develop an appropriate design optimized by the criterion of laminar gas flows. Metallographic Investigations of the Results of Manufacturing Metal Spatial Primitives via the Additive Deposition Method  
The main methods of metallographic analysis, first of all, optical and electron microscopy and microhardness measurements, were applied for the analysis of the structural features of multilayer deposition. In particular, the dimensions of grains (dendrites), which were used to determine the grain shape factor \(\mathbf{x}\), as a ratio of its length to its width \(\mathbf{x}=\) 1/h, were measured. Investigations of the macro- and microstructure of the deposited layers were performed on a primitive \"thin wall\" type. During the additive deposition of such a wall, complete melting of the powder occurred. The metal structure was characterized by a pronounced laminarity, and the thickness of the layer deposited in one pass was 650 \(\upmu\)m. The deposition was performed in several passes with successive deposition of metal layers--one in each pass. The structure of the fusion zones between the layers was homogeneous. Transverse macrosections were prepared from the produced wall, to study the tendency toward the formation of such defects, such as cracks and inner pores (Figure 4). The structures of the produced samples were of a continuous regular nature. No susceptibility to the formation of inner porosity or cracks was found. It was established by electron microscopy methods that the sample's metal structure was dendritic and contained both relatively coarse and fine grains. Coarse and fine dendrites form colonies, disoriented relative to each other (Figure 5). The formation of crystals during the successive deposition of metal layers was different in the sample's upper and lower parts, and it was determined under nonequilibrium crystallization conditions. In the lower part of the deposited metal, the heat was transferred into the base substrate, whereas, in the sample's upper part, it was predominantly due to heat radiation and removal into the lower deposited layers.