## 4 Discussion
According to previous research, the average person's muscle contraction takes about 1/2 s (0.5 s = 500 milliseconds) to reach the maximum RFD if the ground contact time of running is completed within 1/5 s (0.20 s = 200 milliseconds) [49]. [PERSON] and [PERSON] confirmed that the faster the speed, the shorter the ground contact time and the greater the force required. Therefore, the shorter the time required for the lower limbs to generate the RFD, the stronger the explosive power [50]. Number 7's duration of passage reached 0.615 s, and his jump height reached 0.629 m. He performed best among all the participants, showing that the ASTP had some positive effects on improving explosive power. Because jumping movements rely on skeletal muscles such as those of the waist, hips, knees, and ankles to generate force [51], these muscle groups were also affected by the ASTP intervention in this study. [PERSON] and [PERSON]'s research pointed out that the spine flexes when squatting, then the erector spinae muscles stretch during jumping, and the hip extensor muscles (the gluteus maximus, hamstrings, and adductors) separate the trunk and the thighs. The trunk is pushed upward and backward. At the same time, the knee extensor muscles (quadriceps) contract to extend the knee joint, and the calf muscles contract to move the tibia backward in the vertical direction [52; 53]. These are the most important muscles when jumping, and they were also the muscle groups trained by the ASTP. Some believed that the exercise was dominated by the glutes and quadriceps, while others believed the hamstrings, quadriceps, and calf muscles were key. However, the results of the ASTP training showed the strengthening of the muscle groups around the spine [54], especially the hip extensors, which are important muscle groups for improving vertical jump height. The ASTP results in this study show that, during training, the required motor units were recruited, and the activity of the motor nerves was stimulated to quickly reach the maximum force and enhance the RFD, the duration of passage, and the jump height of the bounce. This phenomenon could be explained by the fact that the muscle contraction before take-off allows the muscles to generate the energy required for movement. This energy is temporarily stored in the molecules of muscle cells with continuous elasticity. The speed and time of muscle contraction determine the amount of movement produced. The strength will make the muscles more explosive [42; 55]. Muscle contraction is due to the rapid reflex action of the spinal nerves, which results in muscle stimulation, increasing contraction to generate force and obtain a better jumping height [56]. By comparing the experimental results of the lateral and vertical jumps, it was found that the commonality was vertical force. The main differences were in the quality of the leg reaction force, the jump distance and height, the angle of take-off, etc. The data showed that the reaction force was positively correlated with the take-off angle and that the jump distance was negatively correlated with the take-off angle. Moreover, the peak ground reaction forces of the lateral and vertical jumps were important predictors of jump distance and height [5; 13]. This study determined the angle between the jump and the ground reaction force, which can be used to monitor an athlete's take-off point and jump distance. It also emphasizes the importance of using dual-track force plates to evaluate basketball players' performance. In addition, the ASTP method includes the upper back muscles, abdominal muscles, and hip muscles, and these belong to the muscle groups around the spine. Therefore, these muscle groups were strengthened and contributed to spinal stability. This result has also been confirmed by previous studies. Core stabilization exercises could strengthen muscle tissue, provide stability to the spine, and result in good sports performance [57]. The results of this study show that the jump height of the elite athletes increased.