# Merging Spatio-Temporal Objects and Business Processes: Land Reform Process Case Study
## 3 Methodology
### Coupling MADS with BMPN  
Our approach presents a solution that links geographic data to a business model. For example, spatiotemporal objects like buildings (with their history and topological relationships) are modeled by MADS. The administrative services model the process that automatically tracks the purchase and heritage actions on these buildings (to manage the categorization/classification of these actions and apply financial taxes) by BPMN. Moreover, MADS supports the modeling of additional geographical data such as roads (with their width, their maximum speed, etc.), the location of crossroads and traffic lights, and data associated with some events. BPMN points out a real-time traffic management system process that illustrates how the municipal police manage/organize traffic and adjust the traffic light system during exceptional events (manifestation, national day, etc.).  
Technically, the approach implies the introduction of a pictogram to MADS to identify STPs. This pictogram is used as a constraint on relationships. Each STP refers to a complete process modeled with BPMN. The pictogram that represents an STP is: \(\hat{\mathcal{O}}\). Indeed, with MADS, the STP appears generic, while it is much more detailed with BPMN. After the conception of a MADS schema, a draft BPMN diagram is automatically generated. The MADS STP \(\hat{\mathcal{O}}\) is transformed into a BPMN \"pool\".The class/classes involved in the relation containing the STP \(\hat{\mathcal{O}}\) and all classes having topological or temporal relations with it/them are transformed into \"lanes\" of the BPMN pool. Indeed, a process that might modify the spatial or temporal characteristics of a class can also influence its topological and temporal relations with related classes.  
Table 1 presents a transformation of MADS STP \(\hat{\mathcal{O}}\) into a Lane. A default draft for the BPMN model that takes into consideration all the spatio-temporal features of the original MADS model (subject of the STP) is automatically generated. The designer modifies the draft later regarding the requirements for the business process. In other words, the result of the automatic generation is only a draft; the user can update it or add extra events or lanes when needed. A perspective offered by this work is to create an application with a graphical user interface that will take into consideration the requirements of the users and create an automatic customized draft. The first row in Table 1 represents the fact that an event inside the general STP can affect the features of the class of objects \"ClassA\". ClassA has spatial and temporal attributes that may be modified. A change in the spatial feature of ClassA can modify the topologic relations that link ClassA with other classes (i.e., a check association event can be invoked to select all spatial relations between ClassA and other classes in the MADS model). In the second row, we add an attribute to MADS's ClassA. In this case, an event can modify the characteristics and/or the attributes of this class. The resulting mapping starts by selecting the type of concept to be updated (i.e., class or attribute). The third row highlights the mapping of the space-varying feature of Class A. This change is considered a spatio-temporal modification of the class concept that results in tracking and storing the old and new spatial values of the object.