# Evaluation of Subway Emergency Evacuation Based on Combined Theoretical and Simulation Methods
## 4 Results and Discussion
### Evaluation of Emergency Evacuation Capacity for Scenario #2  
The simulation parameters for Scenario #2 indicate that both Line #4 and Line #1 experience the arrival of a full train at the platform during an emergency evacuation. Platform occupancy for Line #4 is recorded at 285 individuals, while Line #1 has 282 individuals present. Additionally, the total number of individuals on the platform for Line #1 is 720, and for Line #4, it is also 720. Furthermore, platform occupancy for Line #4 is noted to be 338, and for Line #1, it is 269, culminating in a total of 2614 evacuees.  
As depicted in Figure 12, the evacuation patterns observed in the train areas of Line #1 and Line #4 demonstrate similar trends; however, the disembarkation rate of passengers on Line #1 is slightly higher than that on Line #4. The time required for all passengers from Line #4 to access the platform is 80 s, whereas it is only 50 s for Line #1. Furthermore, the passenger flow on the platform levels of both lines exhibits a similar trend, with Line #1 achieving a maximum of 756 passengers and Line #4 reaching a peak of 674 passengers. In the station hall, the highest occupancy recorded in the paid area is 495 individuals, which is marginally greater than the 470 individuals noted in the non-paid area. The presence of gates in the paid area may contribute to a certain level of congestion that affects the evacuation flow of passengers.  
As depicted in Figure 13, the maximum passenger flow for the left, middle, and right walkway of Staircases A, B, C, and D has been documented. Notably, the middle walkway of Staircase B records the highest cumulative number of evacuees, totaling 347, attributable to its advantageous location between two subway train stations. The cumulative evacuee counts for Staircases A-1, B-2, and C-1 are comparable, although individual figures may vary. In contrast, Staircases C and D exhibit low utilization rates; in the absence of staff guidance, passengers are generally reluctant to use these routes for evacuation through the transfer station. While the simulation outcomes are consistent with the actual design specifications, it is crucial that, upon reaching maximum passenger flow once more, the evacuation benefits  
Figure 11: The utilization status of different exits under Scenario #1.  
of the transfer station are effectively utilized to facilitate a greater number of passengers in reaching the designated safety area within the specified time constraints.  
As illustrated in Figure 14, Exit A exhibits the highest passenger flow velocity, with a cumulative total of 1007 evacuees, signifying its status as a primary emergency evacuation route within the subway station, characterized by substantial evacuation capacity and utilization. In contrast, Exit D demonstrates a comparatively lower evacuation capacity, with a passenger flow speed that is less pronounced and a cumulative evacuee count of only 46. This diminished performance may be attributed to Exit D's peripheral location within the subway station, which is distanced from the main passenger flow center, coupled with a less direct egress route that hampers its evacuation efficiency. Furthermore, Exit F records the lowest cumulative passenger flow rate, with a total of 23 evacuees. This exit is situated at a considerable distance and necessitates the use of stairs to reach ground level, thereby contributing to its limited evacuation capacity.  
Figure 12: The variation in the number of passengers in different areas under Scenario #2.  
Figure 13: The variation in the number of passengers on stairs and escalators under Scenario #2.  
In summary, the emergency evacuation capacity of the subway station at the intersection of Scenario #2 meets the requirements, with a total evacuation time of 222.5 s. During this process, Stair B and Stair D have the highest utilization rates, while Exit A and Exit G have the highest cumulative number of evacuees.