# A Review of the Evolution Characteristics and Argillization of Clay Interbeds in Rockslides
## 4 Observation Technique and Analysis Method of Clay Interbed
### Analysis Method of Clay Interbed
#### 4.2.1 Nonlinear Dynamics Analysis Method  
Changes in the argillization process can be considered internal changes in the energy system. The concept of 'equilibrium' can be further studied. Based on the phenomena of seepage, chemical reactions, ion migration, and structural damage and destruction that occur during the process, research can be conducted from three different perspectives: thermal balance, mechanical balance, and chemical balance. Most of the models currently established assume continuous media, starting with [PERSON]'s porous media theory and progressing to mixture continuum theory. Nowadays, the non-continuum correlation model is only applied to macroscopic rock fractures, and it is rarely applied to micro-fine and argillization processes. After analyzing from different perspectives, it should ultimately be connected with objective changes, such as structural changes, generating theory and practice, and partially deducing the evolution.  
The nonlinear dynamic analysis method, which integrates the above three aspects, is applicable to studying the argillization process. It exhibits a high level of agreement with the energy and chemical changes associated with water-rock interaction. Based on the clay mineral microstructure model proposed by [PERSON], [PERSON] and [PERSON], [PERSON] [64], [PERSON], [PERSON], et al. [65] introduced structural elements to describe the characteristics of silty grains. Two types of typical soft rock microstructural units, namely granular structure and dense strip structure, were established. Through the principle of renormalization, the critical criterion for microstructure evolution in the softening process was analyzed. The quantitative relationship between microstructure and mechanical properties of soft rock was determined. By incorporating the coupling effect into the analysis of nonlinear dynamics, the softening  
Figure 11: The CT scanning equipment.  
behavior of soft rock can be divided into three distinct stages: near the equilibrium state, the principle of equilibrium self-organization state, and critical non-equilibrium phase transition. Therefore, [PERSON] [66; 67; 68] established the bifurcation evolution model for the formation of dissipative structures in soft rock. The critical point of structural change would be evident at 3 and 6 months, although there was no self-organizing critical point at 6 months. It was completely consistent with the laboratory test.  
Based on chemical dynamics and the liquid-solid phase transformation of water-rock interaction, it has been demonstrated that elements with different chemical properties exhibit varying processes of spread, release, and combination. However, it would ultimately result in the destruction of the rock structure and mineral lattice. Moreover, the process of the recombination of elements in the rock would greatly disturb the original structure; therefore, it could cause rocks to undergo argillization. A significant chemical composition marker of the argillization process is the mole ratio of Si/Al.