## 1 Introduction  
The rapid growth of the ITS developments requires us to realize new kinds of applications, such as the winter road surveillance system. However, it is still necessary to consider the network difficulty areas for long-term evolution (LTE) or 3G transmissions when one visits sightseeing spots such as ski resorts or spas in the mountain areas. The weather in winter mountain areas changes easily, and it is necessary to consider frequent sensing of the road conditions to prevent traffic accidents. In fact, 91% of traffic accidents in snowy mountain areas are due to frozen roads, according to reports from the National Institute for Land and Infrastructure Management in Japan [1]. However, there are some difficulties in recognizing dangerous road conditions because of the sensors or cameras on traffic poles in certain locations. Therefore, it could be very helpful for the realization of an accurate road surveillance system if the sensors on each vehicle could observe the road conditions and the observed data were shared with other vehicles through vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication.  
However, in the actual fields, it is necessary to consider some subjects to apply to wireless communication between vehicles in mountain areas. First of all, the usage of high-frequency radio bands for rapid movements of driving vehicles might cause difficulties in terms of V2V communication. Currently, it is widely known that IEEE802.11p [2] with 5.9 GHz will be using V2V communication in the near future; however, it is expected that the data transmission range does not extend far enough to cover a couple of hundred meters between vehicles. Secondly, it is easily influenced by radio noises with high-frequency radio bands because of obstacles such as trees or houses along the roads. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the radio transmission range and the reduction of the radio noise for V2V communication with high-frequency radio usages for the road surveillance system in mountain areas in the winter.  
Thus, this paper proposes a winter road surveillance system for local areas based on vehicular delay-tolerant networks (DTN) [3] and an adaptive array antenna (AAA) [4; 5] controlled by image recognition with the Kalman filter algorithm--which is also proposed to the system in order to realize longer radio transmission ranges. In the proposed system, the road conditions are observed by the quasi-electrostatic field (QEF) [6; 7] sensors on the vehicle's wheels, and the observed data are transmitted to the other vehicle via DTN routing. When the data are transmitted, the proposed AAA system detects vehicles which can receive transmissions with the help of its camera. Then, the optimal antenna direction is calculated with the Kalman filter algorithm [8; 9] to reduce the radio noises from the obstacles and the rapid movements of the vehicles.  
Additionally, the implementations of the prototype system are presented in this paper. The effectivity of the radio transmission in the prototype system was realized using vehicular image recognition methods and the asynchronous voltage controls of antenna elements for the rapid directional controls of the radio transmission. The experiments of the proposed methods indicated higher efficiency of the data transmissions--even in the mountain area. Furthermore, future research subjects are discussed in this paper.  
The proposed road surveillance system is first explained in Section 2. Secondly, the proposed adaptive array antenna controls with image recognition are explained in Section 3, and the proposed DTN routing in the system is presented in Section 4. Then, the implementations of the proposed AAA system with remote voltage controls functions for the adjustments of the antenna direction is presented in Section 5. Finally, the experiments using the prototype AAA system and the simulation using the GIS map are explained for the evaluation of the proposed methods, which are presented in Section 6, and the conclusions and the future works are discussed in Section 7.