# Electricity Losses in Focus: Detection and Reduction Strategies--State of the Art
## 4 Methods to Reduce Energy Losses
### Technical Energy Losses  
The management and handling of technical energy losses, which are caused by technical and physical elements, such as power lines and transformers, is a more challenging endeavor. This is because heat exchange through network elements occurs. In the extant literature, researchers have proposed various methodologies for mitigating technical losses, with the objective of enhancing power quality in electricity supply networks. As illustrated in Figure 9, a systematic prioritization of the main categories of scientific research has been carried out, focusing on the identification of methodologies to reduce technical energy losses. This process contributes significantly to improving the stability of electricity grids, thereby justifying the substantial amount of research undertaken. The prevalence of studies in this area suggests a concomitant improvement in power quality. The graph, generated through the database made available by Scopus, illustrates the primary research studies carried out, predominantly in the form of scientific articles published in energy journals, representing 61.3% of the total. These are followed by case studies presented at conferences (26.9%) and editorials, book chapters, and books addressing the challenges of technical energy losses. Recent works, primarily in the form of scientific articles and research papers, are also the main categories of developments in the field, which is still growing. Figure 9: Categories of studies implemented to reduce technical losses. In [53], the authors conducted an analysis in which they proposed a systematic method for reducing energy losses over time. This method was designed to minimize both the number of technical losses and their associated costs. The present work's optimization criteria prioritize branching and bounding techniques. The analysis in this work emphasizes losses incurred during the switching operations of network separation elements, such as splitters and switches. Therefore, the central problem addressed is the process of switching. The hypothesis formulated by the authors aims to mitigate energy dissipation during switching operations between multiple supplies. Specifically, they have implemented a methodology for estimating the minimum possible loss for each pair of feeders in the national distribution system over a brief period. In this process, the consumption profile of the network under test was also analyzed. Consequently, these networks were also analyzed in the long term, highlighting the critical components that affect the optimality criterion. This analysis concluded with the conclusion that improvements in reducing energy losses through switchgear are possible. Another approach was also carried out by [PERSON], [PERSON], [PERSON], and [PERSON] in [54], where the problem analyzed was the instability of power recorded at the end consumers, which adversely affects the quality at which electricity is used by them. Consequently, the study conducted focuses on the problem of power outages caused by technical elements in the power supply network. To mitigate these losses and enhance power quality, the authors have proposed a reconfiguration of the power grid employing various methods. Minimizing active power losses is paramount, as these losses can lead to economic instability. The reconfiguration of the grid, therefore, is expected to lead to a reduction in the cost of uninterrupted power. The primary objective of the research is to enhance reliability by reducing active losses through the implementation of reconfigured grid parameters. Although the methods of reconfiguration of power networks have gained increasing attention and applicability, they can create certain challenges and problems when implemented in real life. In the present paper, the authors have highlighted various methods of limiting active power losses in power grids by implementing different types of reconfigurations of the grid typology so that the supply voltage is kept within the policy-regulated ranges.