# A 5G-Based VR Application for Efficient Port Management
## 3 Application of 5G + VR in Smart Ports
### System Architecture
Taking advantage of the high speed and large capacity of the 5G network, the data connection between quay cranes, yard bridges, and remote-control centers adopts a mix of 5G and wired networking methods, which can improve both reliability and flexibility of network transmission [17; 29; 30]. The system combines the terminal operation management system, the quay crane automatic control system, and the quay bridge automatic control system to enable the remote-control operation of the quay crane and the quay bridge. * Smart Security  
The smart security system is one of the important components of the smart port. The system transfers various parameters of sensors in real world to the VR environment not only for storage but making a comprehensive evaluation for risk avoidance decisions. The parameters transmission models have been described in Section 3.1. By setting up video surveillance equipment in areas such as terminal berths, storage yards, gates, roads, and inspection areas, real-time monitoring of quay bridges, yard bridges, personnel, vehicles, containers, and boundaries is achieved. Traditional smart ports cannot detect port information with high accuracy in bad weather conditions, especially in the case of damaged cameras. The smart security system proposed in this paper reconstructs the entire port environment in VR to avoid the security risks existing in traditional intelligent ports. With different types of IoT sensors, the VR system can effectively prevent inaccurate monitoring data of smart ports due to camera aging, sight blocking, or bad weather  
Figure 7: Smart port autonomous driving remote control scheme. conditions. Considering the instability of the port's equipment, i.e., the potential risk caused by inaccurate data, a VR environment can simulate weather condition changes and equipment damages to predict the potential safety hazards. Through the combination of physical monitoring and VR, various risk events of the port can be more accurately grasped, which can support higher precision operation. Most existing port's end devices of their video surveillance application can transmit data through the port optical fiber network system, but for areas that do not have wired network access conditions, 5G network transmission can be adopted. The smart security content is shown in Figure 8.  
* Emergency Response The traditional intelligent port security system is mainly supported by end devices through real-time monitoring, but this method cannot support emergency response, such as disaster warning and disaster prevention [31; 32; 33; 34]. The security system of smart port in this paper is based on 5G + VR, which can effectively avoid losses caused by monitoring equipment damage in the event of accidents. As shown in Figure 9, end devices such as drones can be transmitted back to the smart port emergency command and dispatch center to enable real terminal scenes synchronized in one screen. By simulating the status of each part of the ports in real-time with VR, an operator can simulate the decision in response to an accident under any harsh conditions. The operator can also plan the information collection scheme of the whole port through VR, which is not available in traditional intelligent ports. This greatly improves the flexibility of terminal commanders to observe and judge emergencies in the port area and improves the efficiency of decision-making and command execution. 5G + VR can support the response of delays at a millisecond-level for video surveillance data, and the staff can control the wharf warehouse information, truck running condition, logistics information, and make adjustments in real-time. Once a problem is located in the port, the most appropriate contingency plan can be adopted immediately, while minimizing the risk and potential loss.