# Impact of Intersection Left Turn Guide Lines Configuration on Novice Drivers' Behavior
## 3 Results
### Impact Analysis Based on Trajectory Characteristics
#### 3.1.4 Wilcoxon Rank-Sum Test for Trajectories  
To further analyze the impact of guide lines on novice drivers' left-turn behavior, a Wilcoxon rank-sum test was employed to compare the vehicle trajectory data in different scenarios, assessing the significance of similarities in vehicle trajectories across different scenarios. For ease of analysis, comparisons were made based on the number of left-turn lanes: single left-turn lane, dual left-turn lanes, and triple left-turn lanes. The Wilcoxon rank-sum test results for trajectory data in scenarios with a single left-turn lane are shown in Table 3. The test results indicate that there is no significant difference in vehicle trajectory among different guide line settings for novice drivers in small intersections (all \(p\)-values > 0.05). This suggests that guide lines have minimal impact on novice drivers' behavior in small intersections, consistent with the analysis of trajectory fluctuation. In medium intersections with a single left-turn lane, there is a significant difference in vehicle trajectory between scenarios with one guide line and scenarios without guide lines at the 5% confidence level (\(p\)-value = 0.028). This suggests that in medium intersections with a single left-turn lane, the presence of one guide line has a certain impact on vehicle trajectories. However, there is no significant difference in vehicle trajectory between scenarios with full guide lines and scenarios without guide lines (\(p\)-value = 0.15). This result is slightly different from the analysis of trajectory fluctuation ranges, but the difference is within an acceptable range. The maximum difference between the two methods is 0.028, indicating overall consistency in conclusions. In large intersections with a single left-turn lane, there is no significant difference in vehicle trajectory between scenarios with no guide line and scenarios with one guide line (\(p\)-value = 0.940). However, there is a significant difference in vehicle trajectory between scenarios with no guide line or one guide line and scenarios with full guide lines (\(p\)-values are 0.0082 and 0.0065, respectively). This suggests that in large intersections, full guidelines have a noticeable impact on novice drivers' left-turn behavior. This result aligns with the previous analysis of trajectory fluctuation ranges. The Wilcoxon rank-sum test results for trajectory data in scenarios with dual left-turn lanes are presented in Table 4. According to the test results, in medium intersections with dual left-turn lanes, there is no significant difference in vehicle trajectory between scenarios with no guide line and scenarios with one guide line at the 5% confidence level (\(p\)-value = 0.8501). This indicates that in medium intersections with two left-turn lanes, the influence of having one guide line on the vehicle trajectories of novice drivers is negligible. However, there is a significant difference in vehicle trajectory between scenarios with no guide line and scenarios with full guide lines at the 5% confidence level (\(p\)-value = 0.0082). This suggests that full guide lines have a noticeable impact on novice drivers' driving behavior. Additionally, there is a significant difference in vehicle trajectory between scenarios with one guide line and scenarios with full guide lines at the 5% confidence level (\(p\)-value = 0.0041). This implies that having full guide lines has a more significant impact on novice drivers' driving behavior compared to having one guide line. In large intersections with dual left-turn lanes, there is a significant