# IoT's Tiny Steps towards 5G: Telco's Perspective
## 2 Research Approach and Design
Finally, Phase III resulted in the identification of highly important performance requirements for each activity-based IoT application class which can be utilized by telcos to identify 5G enabling technologies used to meet them. **Phase IV** provided a review of papers from the category of IoT in 5G enabling technologies. Papers were first sorted according to eight technological groups used in the radio access part of 5G networks, i.e., wide and flexible bandwidth technology, advanced modulation and coding, duplexing, multiple access and waveform, advanced interface management, access architecture related radio technologies, energy related technologies, and other technologies. These technologies have been discussed in terms of their possibility to meet the high priority performance requirements of mMTC activity-based IoT application classes, since this area is more mature from telco's perspective. The results of Phase III were reflected in a proposal of technologies in the radio access part of 5G networks that can be used to meet the high priority performance requirements of the mMTC activity-based IoT class, as well as the identification of research gaps and directions for future work. **3. IoT in 5G Service Classification**  
As mentioned in the Introduction, various challenges awaiting telcos can be identified on the basis of the role that they will play in the IoT value chain. Regardless of this role, telcos will face many technical challenges, such as the necessity for global deployment, the need for rapid infrastructure scaling, unpredictable IoT application behavior, etc. Even now, existing IoT applications accelerate  
Figure 3: Reference distribution by (**a**) year of publication; (**b**) type of publication. the growth rate of traffic driven by less predictable activities which require new strategies towards 5G networks. These networks will be the key enabler for IoT applications by providing a unified infrastructure capable of meeting the high variability of their performance requirements [8; 16]. Various stakeholders have recently described what 5G networks may be and grouped the major types of 5G services into three different classes: (1) xMBB--Requiring extremely high data rates and low-latency communication; (2) mMTC--Requiring scalable connectivity for an extremely large number of devices; and (3) uMTC--Requiring ultra-reliable low-latency and resilient communication [198]. This 5G service classification can be used by telcos to identify performance requirements of various IoT applications, and, as such, was used in this research study. However, emerging IoT applications will have extreme requirements, so an analysis based solely on 5G service classifications may not be sufficient. Therefore, telcos need a more precise classification of IoT applications which is an important precondition for meeting their diverse requirements. IoT covers human-to-human (H2H), human-to-machine (H2M) and machine-to-machine (M2M) communication, which will be the main driving force towards 5G networks. In addition, the terms M2M communication (M2 MC) and machine type communication (MTC) are used interchangeably as in [17; 18; 19; 20; 93; 199; 21; 17; 200]. Although IoT is a broader concept which evolves from M2M, this paper assumes that IoT and M2M are synonyms as in [94].