## 4 Data Representation: Runtime Events and Dataset
### Execution Trace (Level 3)
#### 4.3.4 General Evaluation and Operations \((EvalMask)\)  
This category includes various events that can be triggered to indicate the execution of different operations and different types of general and special expression evaluations. See Table 6 for specific event names and types. These events are organized into subcategories as follows:  
* **Procedure Call**: Entry to a user-defined procedure. It is triggered for every procedure call; in this context, a procedure is any function, method or procedure written by the software developer. The event codes are _E_Pcall_ and _E_Presum_. Unicon procedures \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l l} \hline \hline
**Category** & **Event Code** & **Descriptions** \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{VarMask} & E\_Assign & Assignment (_Var. Write_) \\  & E\_Deref & De-reference (_Var. Read_) \\  & E\_Ecall & Call of operation \\  & E\_Presum & Resumption of expression \\ \multirow{4}{*}{GenrMask} & E\_Efail & Failure from expression \\  & E\_Erem & Removal of a suspended generator \\  & E\_Susupp & Suspension from alternation \\  & E\_Fcall & Function call \\ \multirow{4}{*}{FuncMask} & E\_Presum & Function resumption \\  & E\_Fail & Function failure \\  & E\_Fret & Function return \\ \multirow{4}{*}{ProcMask} & E\_Fusup & Function suspension \\  & E\_Pcall & Procedure call \\ \multirow{4}{*}{ProcMask} & E\_Presum & Procedure resumption \\  & E\_Pfail & Procedure failure \\ \multirow{4}{*}{ProcMask} & E\_Pret & Procedure return \\  & E\_Pusup & Procedure suspension \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 6: Level 3 runtime events representing General Evaluation and Operations \((EvalMask)\). This table shows 17 events that can be traced to identify various runtime events that are uniquely mapped to a specific evaluation-related operation, such as a variable use, function call, etc. _Event codes and descriptions are from_[19]. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l l} \hline \hline
**Category** & **Event Code** & **Descriptions** \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{ScanMask} & E\_Snew & Scanning environment creation \\  & E\_Sresum & Scanning resumption \\  & E\_Sfail & Scanning failure \\  & E\_Susup & Scanning suspension \\  & E\_Spos & Scanning position \\  & E\_Srem & Scanning environment removal \\  & E\_PatAttempt & Attempt to Pattern Match \\  & E\_PatMatch & Pattern match success \\  & E\_PatFail & Pattern match failure \\  & E\_PelemAttempt & Pattern element attempt \\  & E\_PelemMatch & Pattern element match succeeded \\ \multirow{4}{*}{PatternMask} & E\_PelemFail & Pattern element match failed \\  & E\_PatCode & Pattern code \\  & E\_PatArg & Pattern element arguments matched against \\  & E\_PatVal & Result of evaluating uneval expr. \\  & E\_PatPush & Pattern Stack Push indication \\  & E\_PatPop & Pattern Stack Pop indication \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 5: Level 3 runtime events representing string operations \((StrMask)\). This table shows 17 events that can be traced to identify the various string-related activities of various resources that the running test case can use. At _Level 3_, each of the runtime events is uniquely mapped to one specific data structure activity. _Event codes and descriptions are from_[19]. do not always leave via a _return_ statement that causes the callee to return to its caller; a procedure may suspend and save its state, which then can be resumed at a later time. * **Procedure Return**: Statements representing the return to the caller from the callee of the user-defined procedure. The monitored events are \(E\_Pfail\), \(E\_Pret\), and \(E\_Psusp\). * **Function Call**: Statements that represent a call for any of the built-in functions in the language runtime system. It is triggered for every function call that the software developer uses. The used events are \(E\_Fcall\) and \(E\_Fresum\). * **Function Return**: Statements representing the return to the caller from the called built-in function. The monitored events are \(E\_Fail\), \(E\_Fret\), and \(E\_Fusp\).