# Vlog-Based Multimodal Composing: Enhancing EFL Learners' Writing Performance
## 3 The Study
### Measures  
The participants' writing performance was assessed in four aspects: total scores, readability, lexical complexity, and syntactic complexity. The writing tests of college students were scored by two raters who had experience in rating CET4 (College English Test Band 4) writing; the writing tests of high school students were scored by two teachers who had experience in rating College Entrance Examination writing, and the scores referred to the corresponding standard. Descriptive statistics of the pretest and posttest results of six classes in two schools are presented in Tables 1-3. Figure 3: Experimental procedures. Readability refers to the ease with which a reader can understand a written text, which depends on its content (the complexity of its vocabulary and syntax) and its presentation. In this study, the author chose Flesch Reading Ease in Microsoft Office Word, the degree number of which ranges from 0 to 100. The bigger the number is, the easier the text is. According to [PERSON] [45], lexical complexity is operationalized as the range of a learners' vocabulary as displayed in language use. Lexical complexity was measured by LCA (Lexical Complexity Analyzer) using the index of LV (lexical variation). Syntactic complexity was measured by L2 SCA (L2 Syntactic Complexity Analyzer) using the index of MLS (Mean Length of Sentence). The higher the MLS is, the more complex the syntactic aspect was regarded as being achieved. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Pair A**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Experimental Group**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Control Group**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**t**} & \multirow{2}{*}{_p_} \\ \cline{2-2} \cline{5-6}  & **Mean** & **SD** & **Mean** & **SD** & \\ \hline
**Control group** & 78.391 & 4.963 & 80.034 & 4.232 & \(-1.798\) & 0.079 \\ Score & 76.315 & 7.714 & 77.465 & 5.837 & \(-0.922\) & 0.361 \\ Lexical complexity & 0.755 & 0.069 & 0.755 & 0.059 & 0.000 & 1.000 \\ Syntactic complexity & 25.753 & 26.786 & 40.620 & 55.311 & \(-1.807\) & 0.078 \\
**Experimental group** & & & & & & \\ Score & 79.333 & 5.025 & 81.979 & 3.930 & \(-3.298\) & 0.002 \\ Readability & 76.454 & 6.056 & 75.416 & 5.383 & 1.056 & 0.297 \\ Lexical complexity & 0.759 & 0.059 & 0.769 & 0.056 & \(-1.035\) & 0.306 \\ Syntactic complexity & 20.780 & 15.632 & 21.312 & 9.332 & \(-0.209\) & 0.835 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Descriptive statistics and \(t\)-test results, pretest and posttest. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Pair B**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Experimental Group**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Control Group**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**t**} & \multirow{2}{*}{_p_} \\ \cline{2-2} \cline{5-6}  & **Mean** & **SD** & **Mean** & **SD** & \\ \hline
**Control group** & 79.11 & 15.215 & 83.44 & 5.261 & \(-2.049\) & 0.046 \\ \multicolumn{2}{c}{Readability} & 66.006 & 27.981 & 70.262 & 7.94 & \(-1.042\) & 0.303 \\ Lexical complexity & 0.747 & 0.131 & 0.763 & 0.071 & \(-0.920\) & 0.362 \\ Syntactic complexity & 32.205 & 34.303 & 28.633 & 22.303 & 0.629 & 0.532 \\
**Experimental group** & & & & & & \\ Score & 78.972 & 3.47 & 85.418 & 4.507 & \(-8.938\) & \(<\)0.001 \\ \multicolumn{2}{c}{Readability} & 66.681 & 18.086 & 60.78 & 25.785 & 1.33 & 0.189 \\ Lexical complexity & 0.789 & 0.063 & 0.826 & 0.569 & \(-3.942\) & \(<\)0.001 \\ Syntactic complexity & 32.439 & 44.292 & 22.588 & 10.967 & 1.799 & 0.078 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Descriptive statistics and \(t\)-test results, pretest and posttest.