###### Abstract
In contrast to the EPAC basin, where the elevation can reach up to 2250 m, the extensive (~165,000 km\({}^{2}\)) Yucatan Peninsula (hereafter YP), located within the CS and GOM basins, has maximum average elevations no greater than 210 m [37]. The YP is characterized by karstic geology where freshwater and precipitation is captured and routed through porous calcareous rocks and further stored in aquifers due to the lack of watersheds and rivers (e.g., [38]). Although discharge rates into the adjacent continental shelf are unknown, most of the freshwater from the continent discharges into the coastal ocean via distinct submarine zones along the YP coastline [39; 40]. These distinct geomorphological and geohydrological features modulate TC impact [37; 39], yet it is not clear how this interaction affects coastal vegetation and aquatic primary productivity at the landscape level. The YP's distinct geomorphology and geohydrology have been widely characterized [37; 39]; however, there are few studies assessing the direct impact of TCs on coastal vegetation and aquatic primary productivity. This interaction is different than in the EPAC basin since winds and storm surge caused by TCs can move relatively unimpeded across YP, i.e., from the CS to the southern GOM regions depending on the storm motion, incursion distance inland, and strength. In addition to the direct impact on vegetation structure (e.g., tree snapping and mortality) on land, the storm energy increases the hydrostatic pressure of coastal waters as it approaches the coastline. These storm surges also recharge and flush the continental aquifers, potentially altering water quality (e.g., eutrophication) and primary productivity in the adjacent coastal shelf [41] as observed in other coastal systems [5; 42]. However, it is not clear how chlorophyll-\(a\) concentrations (hereafter, Chl-\(a\)), as a proxy of phytoplankton productivity, are regulated by the variable freshwater discharge following a TC. It is expected that due to the YP porous and karstic geomorphology, the freshwater flux and nutrient availability along the coastline will be different and reflected in the Chl-\(a\) spatial distribution. This localized landscape-level Chl-\(a\) response to freshwater discharge and elevated nutrients likely influences trophodynamic interactions [43]. The TC's cumulative and seasonal pulsing might also determine the location and production level of artisanal and commercial fisheries in the typically oligotrophic coastal regions of the CS and the Campeche Sound, especially along the YP's western and northeastern coastal region [44; 45; 46; 47]. In this study, we examined landscape-level changes in vegetation coverage and aquatic primary productivity (i.e., Chl-_a_) following the landfall and passage of four TCs across the YP. Two of these TCs were intense (>200 km/h) at landfall during the active season of 2005 [48] while a third TC arrived with extreme winds (278 km/h) in 2007 [49; 50]. One additional event was a weak TC (<65 km/h) that caused limited environmental impacts in 2005, yet it produced more damage as result of heavy rainfall elsewhere in southcentral Mexico. Specifically, we used remote sensing products from geostationary and polar orbit satellites together with TC intensity and river discharge data to address the following questions: (1) What is the distribution, frequency, and intensity of TC landfall along the YP shoreline from 1851 through 2019? ; (2) what is the magnitude and spatial distribution of accumulated precipitation caused by each TC landfall and subsequent passage? and (3) what is the relative change in extent and spatial distribution of terrestrial vegetation and Chl-_a_ change caused by different TC intensities and trajectories? We also briefly discuss the impact of TCs on the population density and how they might influence the presence and productivity of local/regional fisheries.