## 3 Results
### Energy Demand  
#### 3.1.1 New and Old Buildings in the Current Climate  
Table 5 shows the annual total purchased energy consumption for different cases for TRY2020, in the current climate. The percentage of the difference in the district heating between each case and the base case (Ref-New and Ref-Old) and the percentage in electricity consumption difference between (Ref-Newcooling and Ref-Oldcooling) are calculated for both building types), separately.  
The annual district heating consumption is significantly higher in the old apartment building than in the new one; in the base cases with cooling, the heating demands are 138.6 and 34.2 kWh/m\({}^{2}\), respectively. In contrast, the annual electricity consumption is lower in the old than in the new building. However, the share of space cooling electricity in the new building (2.6 kWh/m\({}^{2}\)) is lower than in the old apartment building (2.8 kWh/m\({}^{2}\)).  
The impact of the orientation, removing the shading effect of adjacent buildings and blinds on annual district heating consumption is slightly higher in the old building than in the new building. South orientation decreases the district heating consumption in the old and new buildings by 2% and 0.8%, respectively. North orientation, correspondingly, causes an increase of 2% and 0.7%. Removing the neighbor buildings on the south and west side of the old building decreases the district heating consumption by 1.3%, while in the new building the amount of decrease is only 0.7%. Removing the blinds has quite a negligible impact on the district heating consumption in the old and new buildings with less than 0.5% decrease. These blinds are controlled based on occupancy profile in the base cases.  
Openable windows do not affect the district heating consumption in the old building, but it causes a small increase of 1% in the new building. The new basic windows in the old building decrease the consumption by 7.1% because of the low U-value of the windows in comparison to the original poorly insulated windows. Conversely, the solar protection windows in the new building cause an increase of 1.3% in district heating consumption because of the reduction in solar gains in winter.  
In the ventilation cooling and ventilation cooling combined with ventilation boost cases, the district heating consumption of the new building increases slightly by 1% and 2%, respectively. The electricity consumption is decreased by 3.2% in the future, while it increases by 2.7% in the latter one, this is due to the increase of fans electricity usage needed for ventilation boost.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Cases**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**District Heating**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Electricity**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Difference (\%) in Comparison to Ref-Old**} \\  & & & **Space and** & & & **District Heating** & **Electricity** \\  & & **Total** & **Ventilation** & **Total** & **Cooling** & **Total** & **Ventilation** & **Total** & **Cooling** \\  & & **Heating** & & & & **Heating** & & **Heating** & \\ \cline{2-10}  & Old-base (Ref-Old) & 180.5 & 138.1 & 30.9 & 0 & - & - & - & - \\  & Old-base with cooling & 181 & 138.6 & 33.7 & 2.8 & 0.2 & 0.3 & 9 & - \\  & (Ref-OldCoiling) & 181.7 & 139.3 & 30.9 & 0 & 0.6 & 0.8 & - & - \\  & Old-South & 177 & 134.6 & 30.9 & 0 & \(-\)2 & \(-\)2.5 & - & - \\  & Old-North & 184.1 & 141.7 & 30.9 & 0 & 2 & 2.6 & - & - \\  & Old-No building shading & 178.1 & 135.7 & 30.9 & 0 & \(-\)1.3 & \(-\)1.7 & - & - \\  & Old-No blinds & 180.2 & 137.8 & 30.9 & 0 & \(-\)0.1 & \(-\)0.2 & - & - \\  & Old-Window opening & 181.2 & 138.8 & 30.9 & 0 & 0.4 & 0.5 & - & - \\  & Old-New basic window & 167.7 & 125.3 & 30.9 & 0 & \(-\)7.1 & \(-\)9.2 & - & - \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 5: Annual total purchased energy consumption (kWh/m\({}^{2}\) a) in the current climate (TRY 2020).