## 1 Introduction  
Classroom is a space for teaching and learning. A general classroom usually has a blackboard, a lectern, tables, and chairs. To make classroom activities more efficient, education institutes have been continuously deploying electronic products, such as microphone, projector, video camera, and computer, into classrooms during the last few decades. Today, a projection system connected to a computer with Internet access is already a basic requirement for classrooms in Taiwan. The next step for education institutes to enhance the functionality of classrooms shall be the introduction of the \"Smart Classroom.\" With digital native students who are born and raised in an environment full of smart devices and multi-media, learning patterns of the current students need to be understood for developing suitable teaching methods. Like publishing and television network companies, institutes in the education service industry, including colleges and universities, need certain transformation to survive in this digital revolution era. Smart classroom can be a bridge to the future for education institutes. With smart classrooms, teaching methods and learning tools can be enhanced by current and emergingtechnologies. Researchers and teachers can evaluate teaching and learning performance with the data collected by facilities deployed in the smart classroom. Furthermore, smart classrooms are an important foundation of a smart campus. Smart campus is a concept of upgrading a campus environment in various aspects with emerging technologies. In Referece [1], 29 studies were reviewed to identify features, technologies, and applications of a smart campus. The authors state that elements such as internet of things (IoT), cloud computing, wireless network, mobile terminal, and radio-frequency identification (RFID) were essential parts in a smart campus. However, universities in different countries may focus on different smart campus topics. The Joint Information Systems Committee [2] (IISC) in the United Kingdom has released a research work focused on topics related to intelligent campus [3]. The key points of the concept of intelligent campus are: [3]  
* The availability of connected devices and sensors
* The ability to collect, store, and process data
* An understanding of what the data is and how it can be used
* A set of goals to benefit the recipients in making use of the data  
In Reference [4], a smart campus framework was proposed for African universities. Technologies elements in the proposed framework in Reference [4] are:  
* Mobile and web applications;
* Intelligent systems and technologically advanced devices;
* Data analysis and decision Support;
* Storage and backup;
* Connectivity;
* Cyber security;
* Platforms. In Reference [5], an energy conservation smart campus framework was proposed to develop an IoT-enabled energy conservation system for Covenant University and communities in Nigeria. In Reference [6], works related to the use of IoT devices in smart campus are discussed. Major smart campus applications, such as intelligent buildings, campus smart grids, learning environments, waste and water management, car parking and charging, and RFID access control were identified. In summary, the smart classroom is a concept related to utilizing information and communication technologies to produce a superior teaching and learning environment. Computing concepts such as sensor network, internet of things, context-aware computing, ubiquitous computing, pervasive computing, data mining and artificial intelligence are often mentioned while discussing topics about smart classroom. In addition to technical issues, studies related to smart classroom are often associated with education and school management issues. In this work, we propose a context-aware smart classroom architecture for building and running smart classrooms in higher education institutes. The most significance part of this work is the proposed context-aware smart classroom architecture.