## 4 Results and Discussion  
The preliminary step of the statistical analysis was conducted in order to verify whether data distributions of profit and profitability are normal or not. Checking the normality of distributions is relevant since this methodological step impacts the choice of the statistical tests to adopt (e.g., parametric vs non-parametric tests) in order to ensure the reliability of results. In the following, Table 6a,b show normality tests on area-specific profit and profitability. Table 7a,b show normality tests on project-specific profit and profitability. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline \multicolumn{4}{c}{**(a)**} \\ \hline \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Descriptives**} \\ \hline \multicolumn{2}{c}{} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Statistic**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Std. Error**} \\ \hline Mean & & 750,672.7778 & 407,828.85784 \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{95\% Confidence Interval for Mean} & Lower Bound & \(-\)109,770.8996 & \\  & Upper Bound & 1,611,116.4551 & \\ \hline \multicolumn{2}{c}{5\% Trimmed Mean} & & 406,373.9198 & \\ \hline \multicolumn{2}{c}{Median} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{476,945.0000} \\ \hline \multicolumn{2}{c}{Variance} & 2,993,838,791,115.359 & \\ \hline \multicolumn{2}{c}{Std. Deviation} & 1,730,271.30564 & \\ \hline \multicolumn{2}{c}{Minimum} & 76,225.00 & \\ \hline \multicolumn{2}{c}{Maximum} & 7,622,500.00 & \\ \hline \multicolumn{2}{c}{Range} & 7,546,275.00 & \\ \hline \multicolumn{2}{c}{Interquartile Range} & 535,710.00 & \\ \hline \multicolumn{2}{c}{Skewness} & 4.117 & 0.536 \\ \hline \multicolumn{2}{c}{Kurtosis} & 17.256 & 1.038 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 6: (a) Preliminary analysis of normal distribution hypothesis of area-specific profit and profitability: skewness and kurtosis. (b) Preliminary analysis of normal distribution hypothesis of area-specific profit and profitability: Kolmogorov–Smirnov and Shapiro–Wilk tests. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline  & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**(a)**} \\ \hline \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Descritives**} \\ \hline \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Statistic**} & **Std. Error** \\ \hline Mean & & 4.3133 & 0.23310 \\ \hline
95\% Confidence Interval for Mean & \
\begin{tabular}{c} Lower Bound \\ Upper Bound \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} 3.8215 \\ 4.8051 \\ \end{tabular} & \\ \hline
5\% Trimmed Mean & & 4.3637 & \\ \hline Median & & 4.5000 & \\ \hline Variance & & 0.978 & \\ \hline Std. Deviation & & 0.98898 & \\ \hline Minimum & & 2.43 & \\ \hline Maximum & & 5.29 & \\ \hline Range & & 2.86 & \\ \hline Interquartile Range & & 1.01 & \\ \hline Skewness & & \(-1.058\) & 0.536 \\ \hline Kurtosis & & 0.039 & 1.038 \\ \hline \multicolumn{3}{c}{**(b)**} \\ \hline \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Tests of Normality**} \\ \hline \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Kolmogorov–Smirnov \({}^{\mathbf{a}}\)**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Shapiro–Wilk**} \\ \hline
**Statistic** & **df** & **Sig.** & **Statistic** & **df** & **Sig.** \\ \hline Profit & 0.475 & 50 & 0.000 & 0.359 & 40 & 0.000 \\ \hline Profitability & 0.240 & 50 & 0.007 & 0.794 & 40 & 0.001 \\ \hline \multicolumn{3}{c}{\({}^{\mathbf{a}}\) Lilliefors Significance Correction.} \\ \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 7: (**a**) Preliminary analysis of normal distribution hypothesis of project-specific profit and profitability: skewness and kurtosis. (**b**) Preliminary analysis of normal distribution hypothesis of project-specific profit and profitability: Kolmogorov–Smirnov and Shapiro–Wilk tests.