## 3 Results
### Histological Changes
#### 3.11.4 Histopathological Changes in Periovarian Fat  
In the tumor transplantation control group, atrophy characterized by a significant decrease in the size of the white adipocytes was confirmed, and significant decreases (\(p<0.01\)) in the accumulated fat thickness and mean diameter of the white adipocytes were confirmed in comparison with the intact control group. Meanwhile, significant increments (\(p<0.01\)) in the accumulated fat thickness and average diameter of the white adipocytes were confirmed histopathologically in the sasam-Kyeongokgo alone and sasam-Kyeongokgo with gefitinib groups, respectively, in comparison with the tumor transplantation control group. In particular, significant increments (\(p<0.01\)) in the accumulated fat thickness and average diameter of the white adipocytes were observed in the group administered sasam-Kyeongokgo and gefitinib in comparison with the group administered gefitinib alone. On the other hand, in the gefitinib-alone group, we observed changes in the thickness of the periovarian adipose tissue and the mean diameter of the white adipocytes similar to those observed in the tumor transplantation control group (Table 9, Figure 15). \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Groups**} & **Total Thickness** & **Cortex Lymphoid** & **Cortex Thickness** \\  & **(\(\mu\)m/Central** & **Cell follicle** & **(\(\mu\)m/Lymph Node)** \\  & **Regions)** & **Numbers (/mm\({}^{2}\))** & **(\(\mu\)m/Lymph Node)** \\ \hline Controls & & & \\ \(\mathrm{Intact}\) & \(1127.63\pm 131.38\) & \(16.00\pm 3.93\) & \(540.50\pm 113.31\) \\ \(\mathrm{TB}\) & \(514.63\pm 101.14\)\({}^{\mathrm{a}}\) & \(5.75\pm 1.28\)\({}^{\mathrm{d}}\) & \(224.38\pm 41.00\)\({}^{\mathrm{d}}\) \\ Single-formula-treated & & & \\ \(\mathrm{Gefitinib}\) & \(501.50\pm 106.64\)\({}^{\mathrm{a}}\) & \(5.38\pm 2.39\)\({}^{\mathrm{d}}\) & \(215.75\pm 43.93\)\({}^{\mathrm{d}}\) \\ SKOG & \(744.00\pm 111.81\)\({}^{\mathrm{abc}}\) & \(8.63\pm 1.30\)\({}^{\mathrm{dfg}}\) & \(306.88\pm 25.76\)\({}^{\mathrm{dfg}}\) \\ Gefitinib and SKOG co-administered within 5 min & & & \\ \(400\) mg/kg & \(843.50\pm 113.09\)\({}^{\mathrm{abc}}\) & \(13.00\pm 2.73\)\({}^{\mathrm{fg}}\) & \(423.25\pm 46.48\)\({}^{\mathrm{efg}}\) \\ \(200\) mg/kg & \(868.63\pm 113.53\)\({}^{\mathrm{abc}}\) & \(10.50\pm 1.93\)\({}^{\mathrm{dfg}}\) & \(380.75\pm 43.65\)\({}^{\mathrm{dfg}}\) \\ \(100\) mg/kg & \(727.51\pm 103.85\)\({}^{\mathrm{abc}}\) & \(8.88\pm 1.25\)\({}^{\mathrm{dfg}}\) & \(328.38\pm 49.75\)\({}^{\mathrm{dfg}}\) \\ \hline \end{tabular}  
* \(\mathrm{TB}=\) tumor-bearing; AR = Adenophorae Radix; KOG = _Kyeongokgo_; SKOG = _sasam-Kyeongokgo_. \({}^{\mathrm{a}}\)\(p<0.01\) versus intact control, assessed by the least significant difference (LSD) multi-comparison test; \({}^{\mathrm{b}}\)\(p<0.01\) versus TB control, assessed by the least significant difference (LSD) multi-comparison test; \({}^{\mathrm{c}}\)\(p<0.01\) versus getitinib-single-formula-treated rodents, assessed by the least significant difference (LSD) multi-comparison test; \({}^{\mathrm{d}}\)\(p<0.01\) and \({}^{\mathrm{e}}\)\(p<0.05\) versus intact control, assessed by the Mann–Whitney U test; \({}^{\mathrm{f}}\)\(p<0.01\) versus TB control, assessed by the Mann–Whitney U test; \({}^{\mathrm{g}}\)\(p<0.01\) versus gefitinib-single-formula-treated rodents, assessed by the Mann–Whitney U test; \({}^{\mathrm{b}}\)\(p<0.01\) versus gefitinib-single-formula-treated rodents, assessed by the Mann–Whitney U test.  
\end{table} 
Table 8: Changes in the submandibular lymph node histomorphometry of NCI-H520 tumor cell xenograft mice. Figure 14: Representative histological profiles of the submandibular lymph nodes taken from intact or NCI-H520 tumor cell xenograft rodents. (**A**) = Intact control; (**B**) = tumor-bearing control; (**C**) = gefitinib 120 mg/kg; (**D**) = SKOG 400 mg/kg; (**E**) = gefitinib 120 mg/kg and SKOG 400 mg/kg; (**F**) = gefitinib 120 mg/kg and SKOG 200 mg/kg; (**G**) = gefitinib 120 mg/kg and SKOG 100 mg/kg.