## 1 Introduction  
Silicon dioxide is a ubiquitous material in electronics, food, agriculture, and approved for use in pharmaceutical and drug delivery [1; 2; 3]. As a solid-state powder, silicon dioxide is used in solid or semi-solid formulations as a tabletting agent, carrier for active ingredients, thickener, or moisture scavenger. In core-shell structures silicon dioxide (SiO\({}_{2}\)) may provide a protective shell or barrier, regulating release profiles and conferring protection or stabilization of active core materials [4; 5]. Controlled growth of spherical silica particles of uniform size by means of (1) hydrolysis of alkyl silicates and (2) subsequent condensation of silicic acid in alcoholic solutions, or the Stober process, is commonly employed in a variety of fields [6; 7; 8]. Based on this process, a number of methods for silica dioxide core-shell have been prepared from alkyl silicates, moderating the stability and release of active ingredients. This strategy has been applied to the preparation of metal and weakly oxidizing metal oxide core silica dioxide-shell materials [4; 7; 9]. However, the utility of this process is limited for strong oxidizing agents due to precursor and by-product compatibly. Silver has been known for centuries to be an effective antimicrobial agent [10; 11; 12]. Throughout these centuries the foremost state or form of this antimicrobial agent has been comprised of metallic and, or singly ionic silver: Ag (0) and Ag (I) [13; 14; 15]. As a weak oxidizing agent, with a standard electrode potential of +0.7996 V, strategies for fabrication of monodisperse Ag-SiO\({}_{2}\) core-shell from Ag (I) materials have been identified [7; 9]. These strategies utilize a seeded polymerization technique, based on the Stober method, wherein sol-gel reactions of alkyl silanes generate silver nanomaterials with amorphous silica shell coatings. Protecting the silver nanoparticle cores from oxidation without hindering antimicrobial function. Recently, higher oxidation states of silver, Ag (II) and Ag (III), have come into light as a viable alternative for these predecessor lower oxidation silvers. Higher oxidation state silver compounds demonstrate superior broad-spectrum antimicrobial efficacy against microbes in planktonic and biofilm states [16; 17; 18]. Exhibiting marked efficacy against multi-drug resistant bacterium, while remaining safe and not impairing host tissue repair or function [18; 19]. Ag (II) and Ag (III) are strong oxidizing agents with standard electrode potentials of +1.980 V and +1.9 V respectively [20]. Not unlike other transition metal compounds of higher oxidation states, the same properties of higher oxidation state silver compounds that elicit unique biological activity also make them susceptible to chemical reduction and thermal degradation; limiting their utilization in a wider variety of medical applications [21; 22; 23]. Furthermore, restricting their compatibility with silica core-shell processes such as the Stober method or modified methods thereof. Circumventing the first step in the Stober process, the direct use of silicic acid may also be used to generate silicon dioxide as shown in Equation (1) [24; 25]. However, silicic acid is known to be unstable at concentrations above 100 ppm, resulting in uncontrolled polymerization of silica gel or silicon dioxide. Silic acid is therefore impractical as a starting material for controlled production of silicon dioxide. Higher concentration silicon solutions may be generated through hydroxide condensation of SiO\({}_{2}\), forming stable alkaline solutions of silicate salts [26; 27]. In these alkali silicate solutions, H\({}_{2}\)SiO\({}_{4}\)\({}^{2}\)- and H\({}_{3}\)SiO\({}_{4}\)\({}^{-}\) salts are believed to be the dominant ions and stable in alkali solution. Decreasing the pH of the solution may result in the formation of H\({}_{3}\)SiO\({}_{4}\)\({}^{-}\) and H\({}_{4}\)SiO\({}_{4}\) and subsequent uncontrolled formation of amorphous silica solids, as expressed in Equation (2).