## Results
### Moderator Analysis
_subtilis_ & \(-4.8395\) & 3.4213 & 0.1572 & \(-11.5450\) & 1.8661 \\  & C. _butyricum_ & \(-1.6496\) & 3.5955 & 0.6464 & \(-8.6966\) & 5.3975 \\  & E. _Coli_ Nissle & \(-4.0765\) & 3.3698 & 0.2264 & \(-10.6812\) & 2.5281 \\  & L. _acipulibus_ & \(-4.9774\) & 3.8695 & 0.1983 & \(-12.5614\) & 2.6067 \\  & L. _casei_ & \(-4.7159\) & 3.9004 & 0.2266 & \(-12.3605\) & 2.9287 \\  & L. _ferrumentum_ & \(-5.3177\) & 3.3815 & 0.1158 & \(-11.9454\) & 1.3101 \\  & L. _gasseri_ & \(-4.8525\) & 3.2160 & 0.1313 & \(-11.1557\) & 1.4507 \\  & L. _johnstini_ & \(-5.4356\) & 3.8033 & 0.1530 & \(-12.8899\) & 2.0188 \\  & Probiotics & L. _lactis_ & \(-3.8105\) & 3.1339 & 0.2240 & \(-9.9528\) & 2.3318 \\  & strain & L. _paracasei_ & \(-4.5868\) & 3.2121 & 0.1533 & \(-10.8824\) & 1.7088 \\  & L. _platarium_ & \(-1.2755\) & 2.9966 & 0.6704 & \(-7.1488\) & 4.5978 \\  & L. _reuteri_ & \(13.4512\) & 5.9509 & 0.0238 & 1.7876 & 25.1149 \\  & L. _transous_ & \(-2.8947\) & 2.9952 & 0.3338 & \(-8.7653\) & 2.9758 \\  & L. _sakeri_ & \(-5.8836\) & 3.3734 & 0.0811 & \(-12.4954\) & 0.7282 \\  & L. _salitarius_ & \(-5.9818\) & 3.8240 & 0.1177 & \(-13.4766\) & 1.5130 \\  & Medicine & \(-3.1009\) & 3.0642 & 0.3116 & \(-9.1066\) & 2.9048 \\  & Mixed culture & \(0.2984\) & 3.0611 & 0.9223 & \(-5.7012\) & 6.2980 \\  & Mixed culture + & & & & & \\ medicine & 6.2538 & 4.4766 & 0.1624 & \(-2.5201\) & 15.0278 \\  & Prebiotics & \(11.2244\) & 5.9390 & 0.0588  
for ZO-1 expression. The ZO-1 binds to transmembrane proteins, such as claudin and occludin, and plays a role in linking with cytoskeletal actin [25]. Thus, it is considered that the increase of mRNA expression for ZO-1 and ZO-1 expression by probiotics is evidence that probiotics play a significant role in improving intestinal health. In this study, the administration of the probiotics was found to positively affect TJP expression in the intestinal tract. In this regard, [PERSON] et al. [72] reported that the feeding of _B. bifatum_ ATCC 29,521 promoted ZO-1 expression in DSS-colitis-induced mice. [PERSON] et al. [73] mentioned that the role of probiotics in maintaining epithelial cell and restoring TJP is clear. According to [PERSON] et al. [74], as well as [PERSON] and [PERSON] [75], an intestinal TJ barrier with a defect could be an etiological factor for various gastrointestinal diseases, including allergies, celiac disease, [PERSON]'s disease, and IBD. The administration of probiotics that can be colonized in the gut can induce long-term beneficial effects on intestinal health, and relieves gut barrier damage by inhibiting structural changes in TJP caused by stress, inflammation, and inflammatory cytokines [76]. In contrast, orally administered medicines or dietary ingredients have shown only temporary results [73]. [PERSON] et al. [3] reported that the administration of probiotics decreased the amount of inflammatory cytokine expression. The result from the present study is related to some prior studies, such as those by [PERSON] et al. [77], [PERSON] et al. [78], [PERSON] and [PERSON] [75], and [PERSON] and [PERSON] [79], in which the increase in inflammatory cytokines decreased TJP expression and deteriorated intestinal health. The results from the present study are based on the results from animal studies. However, the results of this study can be applied to the human body. According to [PERSON] et al. [80], the probiotics treatment reduced intestinal permeability in [PERSON]'s disease patients. [PERSON] et al. [81] studied the _in vitro_ effect of _L. plantarum_ on epithelial TJ. According to them, the ZO-1 and occludin expression were increased in the intestinal epithelial cell line, Caco-2 cells, by administering _L. plantarum_. In addition, the researchers found that the administration of the _L. plantarum_ was effective in regulating human epithelial TJ proteins in vivo and conferred protective effects against chemically induced epithelial barrier disruption. Similarly, [PERSON] et al.