# Smart Roads for Autonomous Accident Detection and Warnings
## 6 Conclusions and Future Work  
The proposed AALS system provides a solution to the problems of actual location detection of an accident in order to protect other drivers and the authorities. It provides an alert, warning drivers of nEVs and EVs about an accident ahead. It helps the ambulance and fire brigade reach the destination easily by providing the exact location of the incident. Each node is a small but complete system that can sense its surroundings, and, in the case of an accident, generates alerts comprising a blinking light and a siren. The alerts will help drivers of oncoming vehicles to protect themselves from a mishap. Each node is responsible for communicating in one direction opposite the flow of traffic. By making smart roads using this AALS system, drivers are informed in time about any dangerous situation on the road. Moreover, in the case of an accident, the rescue team can reach the site without delay through an automatic process. Once the system is established, it works for a long time with limited maintenance. For better results, the EOCs should be at equidistant locations about 40-50 km apart at maximum. Each EOC should be equipped with an ambulance and fire brigade and should be responsible for sending a rescue team to the incident location. The EOC should also be aware of any ambulance and/or fire brigade already moving that might be near the location.  
Current work is limited as the proposed system was installed and tested in a lab by simulating various accident scenarios. All results were found to be accurate after experiments. However, differences between the lab environment and the actual road environment may cause test results to differ from those expected in the operational environment. We will investigate the detection accuracy of the proposed system in a more practical situation on the road in our future work. An enhanced version of the AALS can be developed that will detect an accident from a longer distance (more than 100 km). Automatic fire extinguishers can be used to extinguish fires without the need to send a fire brigade. Other sensors can be used to provide information about the road conditions to drivers of nEVs and EVs through different display mechanisms. The same procedure can be applied to an individual lane to show its status (e.g., traffic density, single-lane incidents).  
Conceptualization, A.M.; methodology, M.Z.H.; software, M.Z.H. and N.K.; validation, A.M., S.L. and S.Y.N.; investigation, S.L.; resources, A.M.; writing--original draft preparation, A.M.; writing--review and editing, S.Y.N.; visualization, N.K.; supervision, A.M.; project administration, S.Y.N.; funding acquisition, S.Y.N. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
This research was supported in part by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF), with a grant funded by the Korean government (MSIT) (2020R1A2C1010366). This research was supported in part by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education (2021R1A6A1A03039493).  
Not applicable.  
The authors declare no conflict of interest.