## 3 Results
### Evaluation of Hand Disinfection by Means of Rubbing  
Table 6 presents the organized values for the statistical test of hand disinfection by means of rubbing in preparation from _B. pendula_ by EN 1500:2013.  
\begin{table}
0.31 & 0.31 & & & & & & & & & & \\ \hline
0.26 & 0.29 & 0.26 & & & & & & & & \\ \hline
0.08 & 0.19 & 0.17 & 0.08 & & & & & & & \\ \hline
0.03 & 0.17 & 0.15 & 0.05 & 0.03 & & & & & & \\ \hline \(-\)0.04 & 0.14 & 0.11 & 0.02 & 0.00 & \(-\)0.04 & & & & & \\ \hline \(-\)0.14 & 0.08 & 0.06 & \(-\)0.03 & \(-\)0.06 & \(-\)0.09 & \(-\)0.14 & & & & \\ \hline \(-\)0.17 & 0.07 & 0.05 & \(-\)0.04 & \(-\)0.07 & \(-\)0.1 & \(-\)0.15 & \(-\)0.17 & & & \\ \hline \(-\)0.18 & 0.06 & 0.04 & \(-\)0.05 & \(-\)0.08 & \(-\)0.11 & \(-\)0.16 & \(-\)0.17 & \(-\)0.18 & & \\ \hline \(-\)0.18 & 0.06 & 0.04 & \(-\)0.05 & \(-\)0.08 & \(-\)0.11 & \(-\)0.16 & \(-\)0.17 & \(-\)0.18 & \(-\)0.18 & \\ \hline \(-\)0.29 & 0.01 & \(-\)0.01 & \(-\)0.11 & \(-\)0.13 & \(-\)0.16 & \(-\)0.22 & \(-\)0.23 & \(-\)0.24 & \(-\)0.24 & \(-\)0.29 \\ \hline \(-\)0.29 & 0.01 & \(-\)0.01 & \(-\)0.11 & \(-\)0.13 & \(-\)0.17 & \(-\)0.22 & \(-\)0.23 & \(-\)0.24 & \(-\)0.24 & \(-\)0.29 \\ \hline \(-\)0.30 & 0.00 & \(-\)0.02 & \(-\)0.11 & \(-\)0.14 & \(-\)0.17 & \(-\)0.22 & \(-\)0.23 & \(-\)0.24 & \(-\)0.24 & \\ \hline \(-\)0.31 & 0.00 & \(-\)0.02 & \(-\)0.12 & \(-\)0.14 & \(-\)0.17 & \(-\)0.23 & \(-\)0.24 & \(-\)0.24 & \(-\)0.25 & \\ \hline \(-\)0.31 & 0.00 & \(-\)0.02 & \(-\)0.12 & \(-\)0.14 & \(-\)0.18 & \(-\)0.23 & \(-\)0.24 & \(-\)0.25 & \(-\)0.25 & \\ \hline \(-\)0.49 & \(-\)0.09 & \(-\)0.11 & \(-\)0.21 & \(-\)0.23 & \(-\)0.27 & & & & \\ \hline \(-\)0.57 & \(-\)0.13 & \(-\)0.15 & \(-\)0.24 & \(-\)0.27 & & & & & \\ \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 6: Statistical analysis of birch preparation (PB) and the reference preparation (PR): sorted results and calculation results for statistical tests.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline  & **AA** & **TPC** \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Birch preparation} & DPPH & FRAP & F-C \\  & (mg TE/g dry raw material) & (mg GAE/g dry raw material) \\ \cline{2-2}  & 32 \(\pm\) 6 & 640 \(\pm\) 10 & 52 \(\pm\) 2 \\ \hline Mean \(\pm\) SD (n = 3). & & \\ \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 5: AA and TPC of the birch preparation.  
Table 7 presents the statistical analysis of the birch preparation (PB) and the propan-2-ol (PR), in accordance with EN 1500:2013.  
Evaluation of the new birch leaf antiseptic lotion (contact time 60 \(\pm\) 5 s at 20 \(\pm\) 1 \({}^{\circ}\)C) by the EN 1500:2013 method against _Escherichia coli_ K12 NCTC 10538 showed that the obtained preparation did not show weaker activity than the reference product. The critical value of PB-RP for the Wilcoxon test (52) is less than the highest mean value  
The preparation from the leaves of _Betula pendula_ was evaluated using the surface disinfection assay. The criterion for passing the tests was >99.9% decrease in the viability of the test microorganisms (LR > 3). The surface disinfection test findings indicated that the preparation at a concentration of 60 g/100 mL exhibited biocidal activity against all tested strains, both after a contact period of 60 \(\pm\) 10 s and after 300 \(\pm\) 10 s. The microbiological reduction percentage was >99.9 (Tables 8 and 9).