# A Survey on Intrusion Detection Systems for Fog and Cloud Computing
## 1 Introduction  
The modern world has caused an absolute need for fast and efficient data. Many organizations see the need to integrate data efficiently and safely, apart from storing business data and datasets in database systems. The stored information and data require security measures to protect them from unauthorized personnel. The most crucial factors whichcategorize an organization's data space are the performance of data backups, accessibility, and trustworthiness. Cloud computing as a specialist area refers to the performance of offering computing resources to safeguard and protect data accessibility from unauthorized personnel. The increasing organizational need for cloud computing brought unprecedented challenges for information security [1]. Intrusion detection and prevention are two broad terms referring to application safety performances measures used to mitigate attacks and respond to threats in real-time. The first term focuses on identifying and mitigating ongoing attacks, and the second one indicates a security measure used to prevent attacks on the target system. An intrusion detection system (IDS) is a software or device which continuously monitors the network to ensure that activity that may potentially signal that an attack is properly identified. Infrastructure, platform, and software are three different service models comprised of cloud computing that aid data protection. The computing services offered, including networking, servers, databases, software, and analytics intelligence, have been highlighted by the above service models' assistance. They offer more economies of scale, flexible resources, and rapid innovation in data encryption procedures. Heretofore, cloud security has been a major concern for many scientists as they claim that cloud computing has been an extended progression that hints at the past when computing systems were rare and not easily showcased. The mentioned software service models provide solutions that cloud computing technologies have been secured. The significant feature and the successful cloud computing have been identified by the accessibility of computer resources and services with many conveniences. Several types of intrusion detection systems and tools available on the market have been designed to protect personal information or vital organizations from being leaked because of unauthorized access. In intrusion detection, software and appliances should consider what sorts of offensive techniques can be used to apply countermeasures for effective prevention. Network intrusion techniques include flooding or overloading the network, exploiting vulnerabilities, injecting code, pivoting to attack other systems on the networks once the first host is compromised. With that in mind, it is imperative to maintain detection tools active at all stages to prevent an attack from escalating from the system periphery to the inner systems where usually the most valuable digital assets are stored. Intrusion detection systems can be considered as an extra layer of protection, implemented in either hardware or software or both, which integrates with all other measures enforced to protect an information system. IDS security works in combination with endorsement access power and substantiation, which used a twofold line of resistance against intrusion as its measurement. In essence, there are quite a few fundamental mechanisms related to intrusion detection preparation. Knowledge of potential intrusions, prevention of latent intrusions, awareness of previous intrusions, and actions in response to an intrusion will be required. In general, the fundamental action in defining efficient detection techniques that can improve future detection and prevent future attacks is understanding what kind of intrusions have taken place or have been attempted in the past. Moreover, awareness of the degree of the intrusion of an attack is extremely useful to shape measures such as appropriate policies or inform stakeholders.