# A Review of Worldwide Strategies for Promoting High-Temperature Heat Pumps
## 4 The Promotion of IHPs over the World
### Usa  
There have been various USA-based policies to encourage the spread of HPs. While initially this mainly affected domestic HPs, recently, numerous initiatives have been undertaken to encourage HPs. In the context of building regulations and initiatives, several important documents and regulations have been issued to promote the use of HPs and to improve energy efficiency. These include the following:  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt} p{113.8 pt}} \hline \hline
**Promotion Programs** & **Characteristics** & **Investment** & **Reference** \\ \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Next Generation EU} & It provides funds for the EU’s recovery post-COVID-19 & & \\  & pandemic, supporting a greener economy based on efficient technologies, such as HPs. & & [98] \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{REPowerEU} & It will receive up to EUR 30 billion over five years from the EIB & & \\  & The main goal is boosting the annual sales of HPs. & EUR 20 million from the Recovery and Resilience Facility Plan (RRF) & & [99] \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{Heat Pump Action Plan (HPAP)} & To be released after the EU elections in June 2024, it aims to accelerate HP market adoption, outlining actions such as partnerships, communication, skills development, legislation, and financing. & - & [100] \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{Heat Pump Accelerator} & A cross-sectoral initiative that proposes solutions to HP sector challenges, including regulations to mandate HP use in industrial processes and to prohibit fossil fuel-based solutions for industrial heat up to 200 \({}^{\circ}\)C. & - & [100] \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{2-5}  & It aims to amplify clean technologies’ production in the EU by attracting investments and simplifying the regulatory framework. & - & [101] \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Green Deal Industrial Plan} & Its main goal is to accelerate the deployment of innovative and sustainable technologies, encouraging the transition to HPs. & - & [102] \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{The European Investment Fund (EIF)} within the European Investment Bank (EIB) & The EIF is the main tool used by the EIB to finance EU actions and initiatives to tackle climate change. & EUR 250 million + funds to REPowerEU & [103] \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{2-5}  & The Recovery and Resilience Facility (RRF) & The RRF is a tool designed to support the green transition in the industrial sector, giving funding to programs aiming to overcome the barriers hindering HP diffusion in the EU industry. It also gives support to the REPowerEU. & EUR 225 billion & [103] \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Just Transition Mechanism (JTM) with the Just Transition Fund (JTF)} & Its main goal is to face the lack of expertise on innovative technologies by financing training courses to generate the knowledge needed in a green, sustainable industry. & EUR 3 billion & [103] \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{The Innovation Fund, the InvestEU Fund, and the Strategic Technologies for Europe Platform (STEP)} & Total of EUR 222 2 billion (Innovation Fund: EUR 40 billion) & & \\  & All of them are designed to incentivize the transition to a clean-energy-based industry by promoting R\&D and pilot & + & [103] \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{2-5}  & projects. & InvestEU: EUR 262 billion & 262 billion + & \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{2-5}  & & STEP: EUR 160 billion) & & \\ \hline \multirow{6}{*}{LIFE Programme Clean Energy Transition (CET), within the LIFE Programme} & The LIFE Programme CET includes funding to roll-out HPs in the building sector with the LIFE 2023 CET HEATPUMPS segment. & EUR 1 billion & [103] \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{2-5}  & European Research Council (ERC), Horizon Europe Programme (HEP), and Marie-Sklodowska-Curie Actions (MSCA) & These programs’ goal is to finance R\&D projects in many fields, comprising innovative alternative like HTHPs. & Total of EUR 118.1 billion & \\ \cline{1-1} \cline{2-5}  & & (ERC: EUR 16 billion +* Initiative for Better Energy, Emissions, and Equity (E3 Initiative): this initiative encourages the use of HPs in cold climates.