## 5 Conclusions  
This section discusses agriculture commodity price forecasting and privacy security-related challenges in the current centralized system of developing countries. We investigated the various kinds of solutions to relevant problems and analyzed different types of approaches, tools, and techniques, but we did not find a specific one that performs the overall task at once. Thus, the collaborative approach was proposed to analyze the day-to-day transactions of commodity forecasting, scheduling, and management, as well as ledger protection and preservation. This collaborative nature of the proposed system is dependent on two different folds, such as metaheuristics and blockchain-distributed ledger technology. For the process of data collection and optimization, we used a metaheuristic-enabled genetic algorithm to schedule processes and efficiently optimize records. These organized records were then shifted to machine learning-enabled regression-based linear and logistic methods for forecasting future commodity prices and production rates. The collaborative approach manages the predictive ledger in the distributed immutable storage using the blockchain hyperledger sawtooth via a private permissioned network architecture by utilizing these methods.  
The main objectives and priority of this proposed system are to maintain secure agricultural forecasting events and node transactions in the distributed, decentralized network first. However, the smart contracts are designed, created, and deployed to automate the stakeholder registration, and the metaheuristic-blockchain enables the adding of new ledgers, updating details of added records, and preservation in immutable storage and distributed provenance. Deployment of the proposed metaheuristic-blockchain-based real-time commodity forecast system deals with the collaborative node transaction execution, registered ledger security, and privacy solutions involved in the current system, which creates limitations. The hyperledger sawtooth is utilized, which provides more efficient transaction delivery on the private network with an increased rate of transparency, integrity, and robust performance in data collection, examination, analysis, scheduling, prediction, management, monitoring, and preservation. Thus, we have also provided solutions to well-known challenges that emerge while implementing the proposed metaheuristic-blockchain-based collaborative approach. The deployment of emerging challenges is the primary focus of our future research.  
**Author Contributions:** [PERSON] has written the original draft and preparation; [PERSON], [PERSON] ([PERSON]), [PERSON] ([PERSON]), [PERSON], [PERSON], [PERSON], [PERSON] and [PERSON] have reviewed, rewrote, performed part of the literature survey, edited, investigated, and designed the architecture, and explored software tools. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.  
**Funding:** The research of S.B. is partially funded by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation under the strategic academic leadership program 'Priority 2030' (Agreement 075-15-2021-1333 dated 30 September 2021).  
**Institutional Review Board Statement:** Not applicable.  
**Informed Consent Statement:** Not applicable.  
**Data Availability Statement:** Not applicable.  
**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest.