## 2 Results and Discussion
### Multivariate Statistical Analysis of EOs and UM  
PCA was carried out to better visualize, within the nine commercial varieties, the behaviors of the main constituents belonging to the three studied fractions, namely, terpenes, polyphenols, and cannabinoids, in the plant biomass (influoscences). The first PCA (Figure 4A) was performed to identify the correlation groups for terpene distribution in EOs, based on the GC-FID analysis results. The plots reported 53.56% of data variability on the first principal component (PC 1), and 29.61% on the second one (PC 2). The variance was caused mainly by terpinolene and, to a minor extent, by \(\alpha\)-pinene and myrcene on PC 1, and by (\(E\))-caryophyllene and caryophyllene oxide on PC 2. Specifically, the Lemon Conti Kush New cultivar was distinguishable for its high content of terpinolene, while Fresh Mountain and Amnesia Cookies were differentiated by the significant presence of \(\alpha\)-pinene and myrcene. The other varieties belonged to the third correlation group, characterized by the sesquiterpenes prevalence. Figure 4: (**A**) Representation of PCA score and loading plots reporting hemp varieties and components found in the 9 EOs. (**B**) Representation of PCA score and loading plots depicting hemp varieties and volatiles extracted by SPME. +++ ==ERROR: No output for this page==
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \multicolumn{12}{c}{**Compound**} & \multicolumn{12}{c}{**Variety**} \\ \multicolumn{12}{c}{**White Shark**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**24 K**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Lemon Conti Kush**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Lemon Conti Kush New**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Pablito**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Venem**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Contila**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Fresh Mountain**} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{**Amnesia Cookies**} \\ \cline{2-12} \multicolumn{1}{c}{} & **UM** & **DM** &  
Another PCA (Figure 4B) was conducted on volatiles obtained by SPME of UM and confirmed the clustering of the first PCA conducted on EOs. In fact, data variability, accounting for 58.38% along the first PC and 24.03% along the second one, was again produced by terpionolene, \(\alpha\)-pinene, and myrcene among the monoterpenes, and by the sesquiterpene (_E_)-caryophyllene. Thus, the nine varieties so grouped reflected the trend observed in the first PCA. The third PCA was carried out on terpenes, polyphenols, and cannabinoids fractions simultaneously (Figure 5), using data related to the dry biomass weight. In this case, PC 1 and PC 2 showed 92.89% and 4.75% variability, respectively. The data distribution was affected especially by CBDA on the first PC and CBGA on the second PC. The Pablito variety was recognized as the one with the highest content of CBGA, and, on the other hand, the CBDA-rich cluster included most of the studied cultivars, namely, Fresh Mountain, Gorilla Glue, Amnesia Cookies, 24 K, and Lemon Conti Kush New. The last PCA focused exclusively on the polyphenolic profiles of the nine commercial varieties UM (Figure 6). The plots represented 78.49% of the variation in PC 1 and 8.95% in PC 2. On the first PC, the data variability was influenced mostly by luteolin glucuronide, which was predominant in the Pablito variety; on the second PC, cannflavin A emerged as the main phenolic compound in 24 K and Fresh Mountain. In summary, the nine hemp commercial varieties were clustered, through PCA analyses, based on volatiles, phenols and cannabinoids content. Regarding the aromatic profile, apart from Lemon Conti Kush New, characterized by terpionolene predominance, the cultivars could be classified as \(\alpha\)-pinene/myrcene-rich and (_E_)-caryophyllene-rich chemotypes. Figure 5: Representation of PCA score and loading plots reporting hemp varieties and their contents of terpenes, polyphenols, and cannabinoids. Figure 6: Representation of PCA score and loading plots reporting hemp varieties and the main polyphenols in UM.