## 1 Introduction
### Robotics for Balance Training  
Robotic assisted balance training (RABT) employs the use of electromechanical devices that facilitate movement (e.g., during stepping cycles by supporting body weight and/or while automatizing the gait process through facilitation of movement of several lower limb joints) [7]. In other words, robotic balance training uses robotic devices to guide individuals through exercises and, in some cases, can provide feedback on their performance [8].  
In terms of examples of specialized robotic systems, the ZeroG, Autoambulator, Biodex Unweighing System, and Lokomat System have been previously utilized [1]. The ZeroG involves a robotic system that supports body weight, allowing individuals to practice balance exercises in a controlled setting [1]. The goal of the ZeroG overground body-weight support system is that it aids patients with significant gait issues toward safely practicing gait and balance exercises, offering both static and dynamic support through a custom-series elastic actuator attached to a driven trolley moving on an overhead rail [9]. Even though the benefits of the ZeroG system are promising, there is a need for further studies and/or clinical trials to validate its effectiveness across different groups, including older adults. This empirical evidence would expand its generalization within rehabilitation settings and beyond. [PERSON] et al. (2024) highlighted that exoskeleton robots can help elderly individuals with daily tasks [10]. Various exoskeletons have been developed to aid the elderly, and those with walking impairments, as explained in the study. Robot-aided therapy, including exoskeleton therapy, has proven successful in keeping patients motivated and invested in their treatment [11]. These technologies can provide personalized and interactive rehabilitation experiences, making therapy sessions more enjoyable and engaging for individuals with upper or lower limb impairments. However, many studies did not evaluate the effectiveness of robot-assisted therapy in comparison to conventional physical therapy nor other therapies. A previous study in older adults demonstrated that training with a balance exercise assist robot is more effective than conventional training [12]. The explanation provides valuable information about the relative efficacy of robot-assisted therapy versus traditional physical therapy.  
RABT has significant promise in enhancing balance and functional independence in older people. A study involving the Balance Exercise Assist Robot (BEAR) found that frail older adults who participated in robotic balance exercises exhibited increased gait speed, improved Timed Up and Go (TUG) performance, and enhanced muscle strength [12]. Importantly, participants expressed greater satisfaction and preference for robotic training over conventional methods, suggesting that robotic systems may improve engagement and adherence in rehabilitation programs. While robot-assisted gait training has shown potential in enhancing balance and confidence among older adults, there exist considerable limitations. Finding suitable participants for this type of training can be difficult, particularly among older adults who may have varying levels of mobility and health conditions [13]. High dropout rates are also a significant concern, as they can skew results and limit the effectiveness of such programs. Factors contributing to dropout include discomfort with technology, lack of perceived benefit, and long training durations which are often required to induce significant physical changes, as effective outcomes were noted in studies where interventions lasted over two months [14; 15]. Thus, it is important to further explore RABT for older adults' balance.