## 4 Research Methodology
### Identification of FM Key Performance Indicators (KPIs)  
The BI&A activities are important to measure and evaluate the performance of facilities and they will help to perform benchmarking by using available data. The existing FM KPIs in the literature are straightforward in revealing the actual performance of the facility and underlying reasons between facility performances since there are lots of hidden relationships. Data mining, text mining, visual analytics, and big data analytics can be used to reveal them in FM. In this section, the literature review about existing FM KPIs and the application areas of data mining, text mining, visual analytics, and BDA, which can be used as FM KPIs, is introduced. Studies showed that energy consumption in buildings is one of the most investigated areas in FM. After the literature review, thirteen \"FM KPIs for environmental aspect in healthcare facilities\" were identified (Table 1). Figure 2: The research process plan for the determination of FM KPIs (adapted from [59]). User behavior and user comfort are among the most important aspects for FM. Identified FM KPIs for user aspect in healthcare facilities are given in Table 2. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l l l l l l l l l} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**No**} & \multicolumn{2}{l}{**Environmental Aspect in**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**O**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**T**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**S**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**No**} & \multicolumn{2}{l}{**Environmental Aspect in**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**O**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**T**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**S**} \\  & \multicolumn{2}{l}{**Healthcare Facilities**} & & & & & & & **Healthcare Facilities** & & & \\ \hline \multirow{4}{*}{E1} & Resource/Energy consumption with & & & & & & Prediction of & & & \\  & respect to working days and & & & & & & Resource/Energy & & & \\  & non-working days (with motif & & & & & & consumption by & & \\  & discovery, clustering analysis, etc.) & & & & & & & & & \\  & & & & & & & & & \\  & & & & & & & & & \\  & Resource/Energy consumption with & & & & & & & & \\  & respect to seasons (with motif & & & & & & & considering occupant & & \\  & discovery, clustering analysis, etc.) & & & & & & & & schedule & \\  & Identification of Resource/Energy & & & & & & & & \\  & load profile (plug loads, lighting, & & & & & & & & \\  & heating, cooling, water, etc.) & & & & & & & & & \\  & Prediction of Resource/Energy load & & & & & & & & \\  & profile (plug loads, lighting, heating, & & & & & & & & \\  & cooling, water, etc.) & & & & & & & & & Green energy’s ratio with & & \\  & & profile (plug loads, lighting, heating, & & & & & & & & \\  & cooling, water, etc.) & & & & & & & & & \\  & Resource/Energy consumption with & & & & & & & & \\  & respect to the number of staff & & & & & & & Greenhouse gas emissions & & \\  & & & & & & & & & & \\ E6 & Resource/Energy consumption with & & & & & & & & & \\  & respect to the number of beds & & & & & & & & \\ E7 & Resource/Energy consumption with & & & & & & & & \\  & respect to zone/spaces (area) & & & & & & & & \\ \hline \multicolumn{10}{l}{Sources: [4,9,11,12,15,16,17,18,22,24,25,27,29,31,33,39,41,46,47,51,56,69,10,11,12,18]} \\ \\ \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Identification of FM KPIs for environmental aspect in healthcare facilities (O: operational, T: tactical, S: strategic).