## 3 Results
### Geographic Accessibility  
The time it takes people to travel to a properly equipped and adequately staffed healthcare facility is a measure of human well-being that is constrained by a number of geographically varying factors.  
Healthcare facilities may be classified by location. From the aspect of the modelling approach and location issue solving methods, [PERSON], [PERSON] and [PERSON] [2] in 2017 analysed literature and defined research gaps for each type of healthcare facility and divided them into more detailed tables in 10 descriptive dimensions. Such an approach was used to define research gaps and provide possible future directions to select locations for each type of healthcare facility. Another study emphasises the significance of healthcare accessibility, particularly in remote areas. The results show that the closures of rural hospitals prevented 0-0.97 per cent of the population to access a hospital within 15 min [38].  
On the other hand, [PERSON] [25] addresses the population characteristics and the geographic coverage of primary healthcare facilities and finds that the key factor in decisions on the locations of healthcare facilities is the harmonisation of the population needs for services and the supply of medical resources. The use of two approaches to study factors related to the accessibility of doctors in Northern Ireland showed that the population coverage with primary healthcare is higher in more at-risk areas, small areas and areas with more older adults. The average travel distance is related to shortage, the age of the population and the size of the area. [PERSON] concludes that policymakers should consider the methodology and the results to make decisions on the locations of healthcare facilities and the provision of services.  
The latest healthcare reform in Portugal also focuses on the measures of healthcare service accessibility. In their research, [PERSON], [PERSON] and [PERSON] [27] focus on the planning of healthcare services based on accessibility by preparing various scenarios. By applying the study to continental Portugal, it was found that emergency services were acceptably accessible in a significant part of the area between 2001 and 2011. However, important differences between urban and rural areas were disclosed, which affects particularly older people.  
Location-related accessibility of healthcare services is crucial particularly for the older and socially disadvantaged population. A contribution in 2020 by [PERSON] et al. [37] aimed to qualitatively define the spatial accessibility of healthcare services by public transport and confirmed the said hypothesis with a finding that more vulnerable population in Canadian metropolitan areas have a better access to hospitals by public transport. Maps of travel times to healthcare facilities support an assessment of whether individuals can access healthcare services if required. 91.1 per cent of the global population can reach a hospital/clinic within an hour if they have access to a motorized vehicle, but only 56.7 per cent can go on foot [36]. [PERSON] et al. [31] point out the planning and design of urban green areas with specific characteristics that could improve their accessibility and aesthetic quality, particularly from the aspect of older adults. Green areas have a positive impact on mental and social health, which is crucial to the high-quality life of older adults.