## 5 Results  
### Study Characteristics  
Table 1 presents the details of the 47 primary studies, including the study's first author, publication year, sample size, geographic region, organization size, organization sector, participants gender ratios, and participants' age. The participant's gender ratios and participant's age refer specifically to the demographic information of the research participants included in the reviewed studies rather than to data about the authors of the publications. These details were part of the original sample descriptions provided in the publications used for the meta-analysis. These primary studies were distributed across varied regions, with the majority conducted in Asia (65%), followed by Europe (13%), Africa (6%), North America (4%), and South America (2%). Moreover, the number of male participants in each survey was larger than that of females in over 80% of the primary studies. In addition, of the 23 primary studies reporting the average age of participants, the majority reported the sample age by providing age groups and their percentages. To calculate the average age of the primary study, this paper multiplied the percentage and median value of each age group of the study sample. Additionally, 23 studies reported the organization size. Most studies did not provide the exact number of employees in organizations. Accordingly, the present study employed the median value of the number of employees in primary studies to represent this indicator. If the calculated value was over 200, this paper classified it as a \"large organization\"; otherwise, it was categorized as a \"small-medium organization\". The organizations were classified into four categories: agriculture, industry, service, and multisector, based on specific characteristics derived from the included studies. These classifications were determined by examining the organizations' primary economic activities and market focus. For instance, agricultural organizations are typified by their focus on primary production, while industrial organizations are defined by their emphasis on manufacturing. On the other hand, service organizations are characterized by a strong reliance on human capital, client interaction, and service delivery systems. In contrast, multisector organizations exhibit diversified operations across more than one of the aforementioned sectors. This categorization facilitates targeted comparative analyses and allows for nuanced insights into how sector-specific factors influence decision-making in the context of Industry 4.0 technology adoption. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**References** & **Sample Size** & **Type** & \begin{tabular}{c} **Geographic** \\ **Region** \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} **Organization** \\ **Size** \\ \end{tabular} & \
\begin{tabular}{c} **Organization** \\ **Sector** \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} **Gender (M/All** \\ **Participants**) \\ \end{tabular} & **Age (Years)** \\ \hline
[111] & 208 & Journal & Asia & NA & Service & 0.43 & 27.95 \\
[112] & 71 & Journal & Asia & NA & Service & 0.32 & 33.3943 \\
[113] & 228 & Journal & Asia & NA & Service & NA & NA \\
[114] & 418 & Journal & Asia & NA & NA & 0.31 & 22.2 \\
[115] & 1641 & Journal & Europe & NA & Service & 0.41 & NA \\
[116] & 499 & Journal & NA & NA & Multisector & NA & NA \\
[117] & 263 & Journal & Asia & NA & Service & 0.45 & 32.7 \\
[118] & 170 & Journal & Asia & Small–medium & Service & NA & NA \\
[119] & 226 & Journal & Europe & NA & Service & 0.52 & 48.6 \\
[120] & 110 & Journal & Africa & NA & Industry & 0.73 & NA \\
[121] & 293 & Journal & Asia & NA & NA & 0.42 & 20 \\
[16] & 207 & Journal & Asia & Small–medium & Industry & NA & NA \\
[122] & 108 & Journal & Europe & Small–medium & NA & NA & NA \\
[123] & 470 & Journal & Asia & Large & Service & 0.26 & 24.4 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Characteristics of the primary studies. Table 2 presents a holistic summary of the 47 primary studies.