# Enabling Technologies for Urban Smart Mobility: Recent Trends, Opportunities and Challenges
## 2 Research Progress in Smart Mobility and Gap Analysis
### Taxonomy, Surveys and Review Based Papers  
A taxonomy for the formulation of smart city services is presented in [13]. For this purpose, the authors have analyzed the latest relevant works covering 42 services provided by 9 smart cities globally. The proposed taxonomy is eight-dimensional and offers a standard vocabulary to facilitate communication regarding the services. The taxonomy is aimed at aiding policymakers and researchers in the further improvement of the area. The authors have incorporated general definitions, concepts and illustrations for each dimension and specified service. In [14], the author has presented a novel action taxonomy concerning an extensive methodology related to smart mobility. A thorough survey has been performed covering 114 works regarding the influence of smart actions on the quality of life of citizens, the expectations of stakeholders, regularly applied smart mobility measures and the role of ICT in smart mobility. The survey has resulted in the identification of three smart mobility action phases and six smart mobility goals. Moreover, the paper notes that though ICT is not essential for the implementation of smart city actions, it is important when smart mobility actions become increasingly complex, integrated and extended. The authors have proposed a distributed adaptation method for ensemble-based systems in a smart mobility context in [15]. They have presented the \"Collective Adaptation Engine (CAE)\" that can address multiple issues collectively in a feasible and scalable manner. To assess the proposed model, the \"DeMOCAS\" framework has been used to simulate the context of urban mobility. The findings indicate that CAE solves urban mobility challenges and promotes sustainable mobility. In [16], the authors have proposed the application of system dynamics to simulate substitutes for conventional human mobility. An analysis of six scenarios is presented for attaining optimized decision-making within organizations, defining the profiles of travelers and achieving sustainable smart mobility with the eventual goal of enhancing the citizens' quality of life. The analysis is aimed at understanding the principal dynamic interactions between all the variables of the system and managing their complexity. A detailed and realistic structure has been introduced in [17] to design a comparative analysis, which gauges cities based on the smartness of their transport frameworks. The authors have gathered data from 26 cities globally, identified 66 indicators of smartness and observed that cities such as Seattle, London and Sydney have the most advanced smart transportation, with London having the best emergency transport facilities, Singapore and London having the best public transport facilities, and Paris and Seattle having the best private transport facilities. In [18], the authors have analyzed the likely transition of present issues of mobility governance with the aim to safeguard and increase the public value. Four case studies have been conducted to study distinct mobility governance issues and an analytical structure has been presented to evaluate the smart mobility governance novelties. Furthermore, the authors assert that the transition in mobility governance should be backed with technological transition. In [19], the authors have focused on enhancing a vital element of smart mobility, viz. positioning in a smart university setting acting as a representative for a smart city. An indoor positioning system integrated with an outdoor positioning system has been proposed and implemented to facilitate persistent indoor and outdoor navigation. The authors have implemented the proposed framework on the smart university platform, \"SmartUJI\", at Universitat Jaume I, Spain. Moreover, two mobile applications have been created and implemented by the authors--\"SmartUJI APP\" (to provide map-based information regarding various campus services) and \"SmartUJI AR\" (to provide communication with the campus via an augmented reality interface).