## 4 Tactile Internet Application Characteristics
### Discussion on Application Characteristics
These applications include mission-critical tasks where even slight downtime jitters can lead to catastrophic consequences, such as surgical errors, traffic accidents, or industrial malfunctions. At the same time, gaming and VR/AR can have moderate levels of availability and resilience, as occasional packet loss or minor network disruptions may cause performance degradation but not system failures. The desired level of power consumption needs to be minimal; however, the need for high performance cannot be compromised for Tactile Internet applications [28]. It will be on the higher side for smart cities, as sensors and IoT devices have to function efficiently over a long period. It can be at a medium level for other applications, like VR/AR, remote surgery, gaming, industrial automation, autonomous vehicles, and BMI, as these may not be undertaken all the time. High mobility support is necessary for VR/AR, gaming, and autonomous vehicles to have seamless connectivity to mobile users and devices. For other applications, such as remote surgery, smart cities, and industrial automation, it can be at a medium level, as most of the devices are static [27]. Scalability is essential for smart cities and industrial automation as large-scale deployments have to accommodate thousands or even millions of devices [38]. For other applications, some scaling is necessary, but the number of devices is relatively small. Remote surgery, smart cities, autonomous vehicles, industrial automation, and BMI require high security. For gaming, VR/AR, and telepresence can be secured at a medium level as these are not mission-critical applications. AI integration and edge computing capability are required for all types of applications. Data processing at the edge reduces latency tremendously [32]. The use of AI is unavoidable in most applications for realizing Tactile Internet applications. For some applications, like VR/AR, gaming, and telepresence, AI enhances experiences, but it is not always essential. VR/AR, remote surgery, gaming, and telepresence require a high level of interactivity, as these applications necessitate real-time interactions. Some systems may require interactivity in smart cities, but many operate autonomously. Jitters are an important characteristic, and should be minimal for VR/AR, remote surgery, gaming, autonomous vehicles, BMI, and telepresence applications. Latency fluctuations may disrupt real-time applications [34]. However, there may be some tolerance for other applications, like smart cities and industrial automation. Haptic feedback quality is highly important for VR/AR, remote surgery, gaming, and telepresence, as touch or similar feedback is an integral part of them. Haptic feedback can also be important for autonomous vehicles. Smart cities and industrial automation applications do not rely on haptic feedback. Multi-sensory integration is vital for VR/AR, remote surgery, BMI, and telepresence, and it can be of medium importance to smart cities and industrial automation applications. It can enhance the overall user experience. Biocompatibility is mainly for device interaction directly with biological tissues [40], which is most important for BMI and remote surgeries. It is not relevant to and may not be required for other applications. High localization accuracy [41] is required for remote surgery, autonomous vehicles, and BMI, as precise and accurate tracking is critical for them. Location data may be required for other applications but are not mission-critical. Interoperability is needed for current and future applications, including Tactile Internet applications [42]. It ensures seamless communication and integration across diverse systems, devices, and networks. As applications become increasingly complex, they rely on heterogeneous infrastructures, protocols, and technologies. Without interoperability, achieving real-time interaction, cross-platform compatibility, and efficient data exchange would be challenging.