## 4 Discussion
[9] that included the contrast-enhanced CT angiography of 320 patients (\(n=165\) males, 139 females) in 2021, and it found that the mean length of the CT in the whole study group was 28.11 mm. The mean length in males was 28.93 mm, while in females, it was 27.13 mm. They reported the difference to be significant. The same study reported that the mean diameter of the CT in males was 8.24 mm, while in females, the diameter of the CT was 7.83 mm. The length and diameter of the CT in the present study was compared to earlier findings by [PERSON] et al. (Table 2). In both studies, the difference in the length and diameter of the CT among males and females was found to be statistically significant. Males tend to have longer and wider CTs compared to females. An extant search of the literature revealed no particular reason for the difference in males compared to females. The impact of age on vascular diameter has also been subjected to research. Although most studies focused on the cerebral [10], carotid, coronary [11], and other thoracic arteries, an earlier study carried out on the impact of age on the abdominal aorta found that the intima of the abdominal aorta thickens as age advances [12]. It is well known that cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases are among the major causes of death in the world. Such diseases tend to be multifactorial, with age being a major risk factor [13]. Many \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c} \hline \hline  & & **Males** & **Females** \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{[PERSON] et al. (2021) [9]} & Length & 28.93 & 27.11 \\ \cline{2-4}  & Diameter & 8.24 & 7.83 \\ \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Current study} & Length & 20.75 & 18.51 \\ \cline{2-4}  & Diameter & 7.19 & 6.60 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 2: Comparison of the mean length and diameter of the CT in the current study with the findings of [PERSON] et al. [9] (in mm). of the body functions are either lost or impaired with age, like hepatic regeneration [14] and urine control [15]. Among the changes that take place with age is vascular remodelling. It has been described that the changes that occur to the ageing arteries could be classified into 'inward' or 'outward' with respect to the lumen and \"hypotrophic\", \"europhic\", and \"hypertrophic\" in relation to the vessel wall thinning, remaining the same, or thickening, respectively. In the elastic arteries, the change includes a modest increase in the diameter of the vessel accompanied by a degree of thickening of the vessel wall resulting in outward hypertrophic remodelling. In muscular arteries, vascular ageing is often manifested by eutrophic or hypertrophic remodelling [13]. According to [PERSON] et al. (2018), the age-related changes in the muscular arteries are less when compared to the changes that occur to the elastic arteries (like the aorta and carotids) [13]. According to this study, age-related changes in the muscular arteries include an increase in the diameter of the lumen in both genders, though it is more prominent in females [13]. Also, the wall thickness and the intima-media thickness are more in aged subjects. However, the stiffness of the arteries remains unchanged (unlike the aorta or carotids), which suggests the hypertrophy of the more compliant elements of the VMSC rather than collagen. Given that, the distensibility and compliance of muscular arteries tend to remain unchanged, unlike those of the aorta that decline with time. This indicates that the mechanical properties of the muscular arteries contribute very little, if not at all, to the age-related widening of the pulse pressure. It is important to note that the endothelial function of the muscular arteries deteriorates with age, which can contribute to the age-related widening of the pulse pressure. The mean diameter of the CT showed a progressive decline as the age groups increased. However, after performing the statistical analysis, no correlation was found between the diameter of the CT and age.