## 3 Results
### Anticancer Activity  
Our analyses demonstrate an influence of the extraction method, extract concentration (EC), and DS \(\times\) C and S \(\times\) C interactions on apoptosis and necrosis in the HeLa cell line (Table 2). In the case of the HT29 cell line, there was a significant impact of the stages of development, extraction method, EC, and DS \(\times\) C and S \(\times\) C interactions on apoptosis induction. A significant impact of all the factors and their interactions on cell apoptosis in the SW620 line was observed. A significant impact of all the factors on necrosis in all the cell lines was also observed. The analyzed extracts had no impact on the initiation of cell death in normal fibroblasts. What was also interesting was that the studied substances had no impact on autophagy initiation in all the studied cell lines; therefore, these data were not presented. Our experiments demonstrated that the ethanol extract prepared from infloresences in the stage of yellow buds (EYB) and the water extract prepared from infloresences in the stage of yellow buds (WYB) added to the HeLa culture medium had a considerable impact on the induction of cell death (Figure 2). A significant increase in the number of apoptotic cells exposed to the former (8.3%) and latter (9.0%) extract was observed already at the EC of 0.5 \(\mu\)L/mL. The increase in the EC to 1 \(\mu\)L/mL caused a significant increase in the level of apoptosis to 27.0% in the EYB variant and to 17.3% in the WYB treatment, and contributed to a significant increase in the necrosis level to 52.7% and 19.7%, respectively. Figure 1: PCA analysis of the content of SMs in _A. montana_ infloresences. SLs—sesquietrpene lactones; Fs—flavonoids; and EO—essential oil. YB—stage of yellow buds; BF—beginning of flowering; FF—full flowering; and EF—end of flowering. The application of the ethanol extract prepared from infloresances harvested before flowering (EBF), in full flowering (EFF), and at the end of flowering (EEF), and the water extract prepared from infloresances collected before flowering (WBF) and at the end of flowering (WEF), to the HeLa cell line caused a similar response--an increase in the  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Cell Line** & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**HeLa**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**HT29**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**SW620**} \\ \hline  & **Apoptosis** & **Necrosis** & **Apoptosis** & **Necrosis** & **Apoptosis** & **Necrosis** \\ \hline DS & F = 1.74 & F = 4.07 & F = 78.60 & F = 182.01 & F = 6.52 & F = 66.80 \\  & \(p\) = 0.171 & \(p\) \(<\) 0.05 & \(p\) \(<\  
apoptosis level. At the EC of 0.5 uL/mL, the level of apoptosis varied between 6% and 7% in the ethanol extracts and between 6.3% and 13% in the water extracts, with a very low level of necrosis. The increase in the EC to 1 uL/mL significantly increased the level of apoptosis to 28.7-35.0% (ethanol extracts) and to 24.3-26.7% (water extracts). However, it should be emphasized that this was accompanied by a high level of necrosis: 48-52% in the ethanol extract variant, and 20-22.3% in the treatment with the water extracts. The impact of the extractant on the induction of HeLa cell death was only noted at the EC of 0.5 uL/mL of extracts from inflorescences collected in the FF phase. A statistically significantly higher level of apoptosis was noted after the addition of the water extract (13%) versus the ethanol extract (6%) to the HeLa culture medium (Figure 2). The PCA ordination of the apoptosis and necrosis of the HeLa cell line induced by the ethanol and water extracts at the EC of 0.5 uL/mL and the chemical composition of _A. montana_ raw material are presented in Figure 3. The first two axes explained 77.7% of the variability. Apoptosis, necrosis, Fs, and EOs were positively correlated with axis 1, whereas SLs were positively correlated with axis 2. Axis 1 showed an increase in the level of apoptosis and in the concentrations of Fs and EOs in the RM. Probably, the concentrations of these SMs determine the number of apoptotic HeLa cells.