# Design and Implementation of Health and Risk Level Assessment for Socially Disadvantaged Patients
## 3 Platform Design and Implementation
### Personal Information Privacy and Research Ethics  
The services are application components for background tasks. They do not provide a UI and continue to run in the background even when the user switches to another application. Users without a UI have problems recognizing the type of service running and the resource being used, so it is displayed as a notification in the status bar. The service process can read data, such as oxygen saturation, accelerometer, gyroscope, touch screen, and sleep mode information from the smartphone. For this purpose, we registered the SensorEventListener to the SensorManager in order to receive information. Through this, we obtained three values for the X, Y, and Z axes from the corresponding sensor. In this research, we collected the user location, distance traveled, sleep, and Internet usage information of the users. To utilize such personal information, we needed to request access rights from the users in advance. Starting with Android API 23, permissions classified as dangerous permissions were changed so that permission was granted every time the application was executed, not at the time of installation. For example, functions such as location, camera, microphone, contacts, phone calls, text messages, schedules, and sensors are classified as risk rights. Since this is personal information belonging to the research participants, it needs to be managed/protected very carefully from the viewpoint of research ethics. To this end, we conducted the research after obtaining Institutional Review Board (IRB) approval with control number 2022-1001-003, as shown in Figure 6 and also in Appendix A. The IRB is an independent consensus-setting organization that deliberates on the ethical and scientific aspects of human subject research for the rights and safety of subjects participating in clinical research. In accordance with the Bioethics and Safety Act, the IRB not only reviews research plans, but also investigates and supervises research progress and results, and conducts research ethics education for researchers and related persons. Obtaining permission to access location information allows apps to share or receive location information only once or for a prespecified period. In particular, the location information access authority is more specifically divided into the authority to access location information in the foreground and the authority to access background location information. That is, even when the application is not running in the foreground, a function allows the user and location information to be received. In this study, we requested and utilized both foreground and background location information access rights so that the app can utilize user location information even in the background. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l l} \hline \hline
**Parameters** & **Configuration** \\ \hline n\_estimators & 100 \\ \hline num\_leaves & 31 \\ \hline min\_child\_samples & 20 \\ \hline learning\_rate & 0.1 \\ \hline colsample\_bytree & 1 \\ \hline reg\_alpha & 0 \\ \hline reg\_lambda & 0 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 3: Parameters for ECOD and COPOD. Development of IoT Computing Device That Performs Oxygen Saturation (SpO\({}_{2}\)) Measurement and Acquisition  
For measuring oxygen saturation (SpO\({}_{2}\)), the input signal is differentially amplified, passed through a band pass filter, and adjusted to an appropriate range to be transmitted to the IoT cloud server through a thermal printer or communication network. As shown in Figure 7, the input signal is differentially amplified and passed through a band pass filter. We adjusted the signal to an appropriate range and transmitted the data to our server in the cloud through a communication network. We calculated the SpO\({}_{2}\) value by measuring the amount of light passing through a finger and the amount of light reflected from a finger. Using the characteristic that the amount of current varies according to the amount of light irradiated to the photo transistor or photo diode, the change in blood flow is measured.