## 3 Results
### New Cold Spot Pattern  
Table 2 presents the results of all 32 collapsed buildings with the temporal pattern of the new cold spot. Among the 68 studied collapsed buildings, about 47.1% of them have the NCS spatiotemporal pattern within the surrounding area. Fifteen of them show previous statistically hot spot bins while five have no significant hot or cold spot bins during the ten time steps tested. Other NCS temporal patterns were also detected during the 3D temporal interpretation; some collapsed buildings had NCS in the ninth time step, as seen in collapsed buildings with serial numbers between 21 and 25 in the table. Some bins continued in a significant cold spot in the last bin and some others showed a nonsignificant last bin. Two other temporal patterns were found during the interpretation: first was an NCS within the last five or six bins only, and second, an earlier NCS found in the seventh time step and continued as a significant cold spot until the tenth time step. In most collapsed buildings, the NCS was found within the closest buffer of 30 m while seven collapsed buildings had the closest NCS within the second buffer of 60 m, and only four collapsed buildings had NCS in the third buffer of 90m. Additionally, the collapse level presents the severity of NCS distance to the collapsed building as nineteen of collapsed buildings in 4 and 3 collapse levels are located within 30 m of the collapsed buildings. Whereas, six of eight buildings with a collapse level 2 are out of the closest buffer of 30 m. Figure 5 presents some samples of collapsed buildings that have NCS spatiotemporal pattern before their collapse. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Serial No.** & **Collapse Date** & **Building ID** & **Collapse Level** & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Distance of NCS**} & **1** & **2** & **3** & **4** & **5** & **6** & **7** & **8** & **9** & **10** \\ \hline  
& 4 & Within 30 m & – & – & – & – & – & – \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} Buildings were sorted based on the temporal pattern of the closest NCS to the building in case of multiple NCSs. Red cells with an H I letter refer to significant hot spot bins, blue cells with a C letter refer to bins with significant cold spot, and yellow cells with “—” symbol refer to bins that were not significant. Building ID is provided only in the case of more than one building that collapsed on the same day.  
\end{table} 
Table 2: Results of collapsed buildings with a new cold spot pattern. A whole building collapse on 8 August 2018 is presented in Figure 5a. Spatiotemporal analysis of the area surrounding this building shows many NCS in a linear shape two days before the incident. Figure 5b shows the analysis result for a partial building collapse on 6 November 2015. NCS are distributed on the western side of the GPS point, which matches exactly the geographic description of the collapsed part of the building in the recorded data for this incident. A single NCS that rarely exists in our results was found close to a whole building collapse on 19 February 2016; this is presented in Figure 5c. Figure 5d illustrates the results of the spatiotemporal analysis for vertical deformation surround two partial collapsed buildings; the middle one collapsed on 26 December 2015 and followed by another building collapse during the next day. The geographic description of the collapsed part of the building matches with the location of NCS, as the southern part of the building is the collapsed part. The two collapsed buildings of 6 November 2015 and 26 December 2015 are among very few collapse incidents that have a geographic description for the collapsed part. These two buildings with their geographic description of collapsed parts support the accuracy of our findings for the other buildings in this study. The other building in Figure 5d had a partial collapse in the front part of the building collapse on 26 December 2015. Figure 5: Samples of collapsed buildings that have an NCS spatiotemporal pattern before their collapse.