## 4 Results and Discussion
### Evaluation of Organ Equivalent Annual Effective Dose  
Regarding the negative-ion products S05, S08, S09, and S13, Figure 3 shows the results for a total of 28 organs--the equivalent doses for each organ were calculated using the MIRD5 mathematical female phantom. Of these, the uterus, urinary bladder, ovaries, small and large intestine, breast and heart are among those most greatly exposed, according to their close distance to the source. For S05, the greatest equivalent dose was found to be for the leg bone, at 2.61 mSv y\({}^{-1}\) for the female phantom due to the area of exposure; a nominal wearing period of 24 h per day, 365 days per year being assumed [5]. Additionally, \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Sample**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Description**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Weight (g)**} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{**Activity \(\pm\) 1 Sigma (Bq/Product)**} \\ \cline{3-5}  & & & **U-238** & **Th-232** & **K-40** \\ \hline S01 & Briefs underwear & 40 \(\pm\) 0.5 & 61 \(\pm\) 9 & 657 \(\pm\) 127 & 135 \(\pm\) 18 \\ S02 & Waist anion slimming hip & 89 \(\pm\) 1 & 4 \(\pm\) 0.5 & 57 \(\pm\) 3 & 77 \(\pm\) 14 \\ S03 & Breathing underwear & 29 \(\pm\) 0.3 & 3 \(\pm\) 0.5 & 26 \(\pm\) 2 & 75 \(\pm\) 11 \\ S04 & Seamless shappwear & 119 \(\pm\) 1.4 & 82 \(\pm\) 11 & 487 \(\pm\) 88 & 126 \(\pm\) 23 \\ S05 & Shortly brief underwear & 35 \(\pm\) 0.4 & 175 \(\pm\) 26 & 1732 \(\pm\) 247 & 207 \(\pm\) 38 \\ S06 & Slimming underwear & 109 \(\pm\) 1.3 & 11 \(\pm\) 2 & 27 \(\pm\) 4 & 78 \(\pm\) 14 \\ S07 & Bra & 34 \(\pm\) 0.3 & 2 \(\pm\) 0.5 & 15 \(\pm\) 2 & 76 \(\pm\) 13 \\ S08 & Full brief underwear & 61 \(\pm\) 0.7 & 110 \(\pm\) 17 & 1225 \(\pm\) 184 & 193 \(\pm\) 36 \\ S09 & Bra-VIP & 18 \(\pm\) 0.2 & 31 \(\pm\) 4 & 180 \(\pm\) 31 & 87 \(\pm\) 16 \\ S10 & Set-underwear & 69 \(\pm\) 0.7 & 3 \(\pm\) 0.5 & 33 \(\pm\) 5 & 79 \(\pm\) 14 \\ S11 & Breathing underwear & 30 \(\pm\) 0.3 & 5 \(\pm\) 1 & 50 \(\pm\) 7 & 29 \(\pm\) 5 \\ S12 & Seamless shappwear & 115 \(\pm\) 1.4 & 46 \(\pm\) 7 & 328 \(\pm\) 35 & 87 \(\pm\) 15 \\ S13 & Ionizer waist shaper & 55 \(\pm\) 0.6 & 158 \(\pm\) 24 & 1648 \(\pm\) 221 & 183 \(\pm\) 31 \\ Minimum & & & 2 \(\pm\) 0.5 & 15 \(\pm\) 2 & 29 \(\pm\) 5 \\ Maximum & & & 175 \(\pm\) 26 & 1732 \(\pm\) 247 & 207 \(\pm\) 38 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Activity (Bq/product) of \({}^{238}\)U, \({}^{232}\)Th, and \({}^{40}\)K for undergradments. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**Element**} & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**Samples (\% Concentration)**} \\ \cline{2-5}  & **S05** & **S08** & **S09** & **S13** \\ \hline Cl & 38.7 \(\pm\) 3.2 & 4.22 \(\pm\) 0.4 & 30.5 \(\pm\) 3.4 & 3.54 \(\pm\) 0.11 \\ Ag & 24.9 \(\pm\) 2.1 & 38.9 \(\pm\) 2.  
the equivalent dose to the pelvis and large intestine were also been found to be greater than that of other organs a result of the area of exposure and close distance from the negative-ion product. For S08, the greatest equivalent dose was that of the pelvis, at 2.35 mSv y\({}^{-1}\); the urinary bladder recording the next greatest equivalent dose at 2.34 mSv y\({}^{-1}\). For S09, the breast, thymus and heart equivalent doses were found to be relatively large, at 1.11, 0.93, and 0.96 mSv y\({}^{-1}\), respectively, again due to the area exposed and the close distance to the source. In the case of S13, the greatest equivalent dose was for the uterus and trunk, at 2.10 and 2.09 mSv y\({}^{-1}\), respectively. Furthermore, the pancreas and rib cage organs recorded the highest organ equivalent dose after the uterus and trunk, at 2.06 and 1.85 mSv y\({}^{-1}\), respectively, due again to the large area of exposure. Table 3 shows the equivalent doses (in mSv/y), using Syberad's Health Physicist's Companion program; sample S05 recorded the highest annual doses, at 1.39, 1.61 and 2.04 mSv y\({}^{-1}\) in air, bone, and muscle, respectively. The HPC program calculated doses based on the wearer being exposed at a distance 1 mm for a nominal period of 24 h per day and 365 days per year.