## 4 Results
### Case of Study
It disrupts the normal traffic flow and creates a conflict between pedestrians and vehicles, especially in intersections with heavy traffic. Drivers, who are not expecting pedestrians to cross diagonally, may not have enough time to react when a pedestrian suddenly appears in their path. This behavior increases the likelihood of accidents, as vehicles and pedestrians are competing for the same space at the same time, without a clear understanding of each other's movements. The risk is particularly heightened in areas where traffic lights and pedestrian signals are not synchronized to account for such crossing behavior. Pedestrians may end up in the middle of the intersection when vehicles have the green light, resulting in dangerous situations. Moreover, as this behavior is habitual and widespread, it might not only be limited to a few individuals but could become a norm, further exacerbating the potential for accidents. Therefore, addressing this issue is critical for improving pedestrian and driver safety, and more effective intersection management, including adjusting signal timings and pedestrian infrastructure, may be necessary to prevent future incidents. The vehicle-pedestrian conflict occurs between the pedestrian movements 1P-2P or 2P-1P and the vehicular flow 2-1, because vehicles wishing to turn right at the intersection can only do so during the yellow light or must wait to find a safe gap between pedestrians to make the turn. This type of conflict is particularly dangerous at intersections with a high volume of pedestrians, where diagonal crossings or unconventional pedestrian movements hinder visibility and the drivers' ability to find a suitable gap to turn without risking pedestrian safety. During the yellow light, vehicles may be attempting to complete their turn before the traffic light changes to red. However, if pedestrians are crossing, drivers may feel pressured to turn quickly, increasing the risk of accidents. Moreover, if vehicles cannot \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c} \hline \hline
**Type of Vehicle per Movement** & **2-3** & **2-1** & **3-2** & **3-1** & **1-3** \\ \hline Car & 149 & 55 & 80 & 1970 & 702 \\ Buses & 1 & 0 & 0 & 121 & 103 \\ Truck & 4 & 1 & 4 & 30 & 21 \\ Taxi & 8 & 3 & 2 & 53 & 52 \\ Motorcycle & 5 & 3 & 4 & 71 & 28 \\ Bicycle & 1 & 1 & 0 & 20 & 8 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 8: Vehicle flow measured during the APH at the intersection in the case study in Valparaiso, Chile. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline  & \multicolumn{4}{c}{**Total Pedestrians with Reduced Mobility (Wheelchair Users, Cane Users, and Trolley Users)**} \\ \cline{2-5}
**Movement** & **MPH** & **APH** & **MPH** & **APH** \\ \hline Movement 1P-2P & 903 & 294 & 12 & 22 \\ Movement 2P-1P & 135 & 606 & 16 & 17 \\ Movement 3P-2P & 73 & 338 & 4 & 6 \\ Movement 2P-3P & 833 & 168 & 8 & 7 \\ Movement 1P-3P & 867 & 0 & 6 & 0 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 9: Pedestrian flow measured during the MPH and APH at the intersection in the case study in Valparaiso, Chile. find an adequate gap to turn safely, they may be forced to stop in the intersection, leading to congestion and, in turn, increasing the risk of conflicts with pedestrians crossing at the same time. These situations highlight the importance of proper traffic light synchronization and the design of crossings that prioritize both pedestrian safety and the smooth flow of vehicle traffic, minimizing dangerous interactions between both user groups. Implementing exclusive pedestrian phases or improving crossing signage could reduce these conflicts and enhance safety at intersections. In this signalized intersection, the cycle time of the traffic light is 115 s, which is determined from field observations.