## 5 Simulation Results
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c} \hline \hline \multirow{2}{*}{**No.**} & \multirow{2}{*}{**Simulation Models**} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{**Logic Formulation**} \\ \cline{3-5}  & & **Measures** & **Description of Impacts** & **Impact on KPIs** \\ \hline
1 & Base Model & No measures & Initial Situation & Base KPIs \\ \hline
2 & Production Technology & \
\begin{tabular}{c} Investment in new \\ equipment for capacity \\ expansion \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} Increase in painting \\ production capacity \\ \end{tabular} & Higher Production Volume \\ \hline
3 & \begin{tabular}{c} Operative Production \\ Management \\ \end{tabular} & \
\begin{tabular}{c} Scientific Management, \\ Taylorism \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} Work organization and \\ management \\ \end{tabular} & Higher Performance Rate \\ \hline
4 & \begin{tabular}{c} Control and Prevention of \\ Technical Limitations \\ \end{tabular} & \
\begin{tabular}{c} SPC, Preventive \\ Maintenance \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} Improve condition of \\ equipment, better control \\ of product and process \\ quality by statistical means \\ \end{tabular} & Higher Quality Rate, \\ \hline
5 & \begin{tabular}{c} Global logistics and \\ systems expansion towards \\ TQM \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} Pull Strategy, IT-Systems, \\ TQM, Predictive \\ Management, TPM \\ \end{tabular} & \
\begin{tabular}{c} Higher Planning Accuracy, \\ Lower information delays, \\ Improve Quality and \\ Maintenance Strategic \\ Planning \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} Lower Stocks, \\ Higher Service Levels, \\ Shorter Customer Order \\ Lead Times, \\ Higher availability rate \\ Higher availability rate \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline
6 & Industry 4.0 & \begin{tabular}{c} New I4.0 Technologies \\ implementation \\ \end{tabular} & \
\begin{tabular}{c} Real-time information, \\ Horizontal and vertical \\ integration, Prediction \\ capabilities, \\ Assisted Systems \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} Higher Performance Rate, \\ Higher Quality Rate, \\ Higher Availability Rate, \\ Shorter Customer Order \\ Lead Times \\ Higher Service Levels \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline
7 & \begin{tabular}{c} Human factor malfunction \\ in the strategic, tactical, \\ operative levels \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} Lack of qualification of \\ CEO, no correct alignment \\ of goals of Quality Director \\ and Assembly Manager \\ and Employees \\ \end{tabular} & \
\begin{tabular}{c} Lower decision-making \\ capabilities. Sub-optimal \\ decisions, without the \\ correct timing \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} Lower overall performance \\ of company KPIs in all \\ functional areas \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline
8 & \begin{tabular}{c} Human factor malfunction \\ in the tactical, operative \\ levels \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} Misalignment of goals of \\ Quality Director and \\ Assembly Manager and \\ Employees \\ \end{tabular} & \
\begin{tabular}{c} Decision-making \\ capabilities oriented to \\ other goals \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} Lower performance of \\ company KPIs in quality \\ and manufacturing areas \\ and implications in related \\ functional areas \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline
9 & \begin{tabular}{c} Human factor malfunction \\ in the operative level \\ \end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{c} Misalignment of goals of \\ Assembly Manager and \\ Employees \\ \end{tabular} & \
\begin{tabular}{c} Decision-making \\ capabilities oriented to \\ other goals \\ \end{tabular} &
\begin{tabular}{c} Lower performance of \\ assembly manufacturing \\ functional sub-area and \\ implications in related \\ functional areas \\ \end{tabular} \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Simulation models: logic formulation. than a factor eight from the BM to the I4.0 model, and operational costs were at the same level in the BM and I4.0 models while the production volume was almost six times higher.