[PERSON]  
1 NOAA National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service, Center for Satellite Applications and Research, College Park, MD 20740, USA; [EMAIL_ADDRESS]  
[PERSON]
2 Global Science & Technology, Inc., 7855 Walker Drive, Suite 200, Greenbelt, MD 20770, USA  
[PERSON]  
3 Cooperative Institute for Satellite Earth System Studies (CISESS), Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20740, USA; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (X.S. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (X.J. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (W.M.) [PERSON]  
1 NOAA National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service, Center for Satellite Applications and Research, College Park, MD 20740, USA; [EMAIL_ADDRESS]  
[PERSON]  
2 Global Science & Technology, Inc., 7855 Walker Drive, Suite 200, Greenbelt, MD 20770, USA  
[PERSON]  
3 Cooperative Institute for Satellite Earth System Studies (CISESS), Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20740, USA; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (X.S. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (X.J. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (W.M.) [PERSON]  
1 NOAA National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service, Center for Satellite Applications and Research, College Park, MD 20740, USA; [EMAIL_ADDRESS]  
[PERSON]
2 Global Science & Technology, Inc., 7855 Walker Drive, Suite 200, Greenbelt, MD 20770, USA  
[PERSON]  
3 Cooperative Institute for Satellite Earth System Studies (CISESS), Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20740, USA; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (X.S. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (X.J. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (W.M.) [PERSON]  
1 NOAA National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service, Center for Satellite Applications and Research, College Park, MD 20740, USA; [EMAIL_ADDRESS]  
[PERSON]
2 Global Science & Technology, Inc., 78555 Walker Drive, Suite 200, Greenbelt, MD 20770, USA  
[PERSON]
3 Cooperative Institute for Satellite Earth System Studies (CISESS), Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20740, USA; [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (X.S. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (X.J. ); [EMAIL_ADDRESS] (W.M.) [PERSON]  
1 NOAA National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service, Center for Satellite Applications and Research, College Park, MD 20740, USA; [EMAIL_ADDRESS]  
[PERSON]
2 Global Science & Technology, Inc., 7855 Walker Drive, Suite 200, Greenbelt, MD 20770, USA  
[PERSON]
3 Cooperative Institute for Satellite Earth System Studies (CISESS), Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20740, USA;biases from the satellite Infrared (IR) and Microwave (MW) sensors, respectively. Raw RO observation is essentially the measurement of the time delay resulting from the passage of the radio wave through the Earth's atmosphere between the GNSS RO emitters and receivers. The RO receivers are onboard Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites. Unlike IR and MW sensors, RO measurements are of a very high vertical resolution (\(\sim\)300-600 m) and are unaffected by clouds and precipitation [1; 2]. As a result, RO data products are very suitable for atmospheric studies of all weather conditions [5; 6; 7; 8; 9; 10; 11; 12; 13; 14; 15; 16; 17; 18; 19]. In addition, because the clocks on GNSS and LEO satellites are traceable to the International System of Unit (SI) of time (SI-traceable), RO data are also extremely stable, which is very suitable for climate studies [20; 21; 22; 23; 24; 25; 26; 27; 28]. In global operational numerical weather prediction (NWP) centers, GNSS RO data are used as in-space references to correct other satellite data [1; 2; 29]. Many new GNSS RO missions have been launched within the past five years, implementing different RO receivers and covering different orbits.