# The Development of a Cold-Chain-Packaging Risk Management Model Based on Fuzzy Bayesian Network
## 5 Discussion
Information technology management systems like IoT and blockchain can be used to manage the data. But they may be subject to cybersecurity-related problems. Occupational-safety-related risks are important as well. Working in a low temperature environment is certainly not risk-free, and rigid monitoring is needed most of time. A lack of personal protective equipment (PPE) and poor training and handling of the packages can all lead to occupational-related risks. Vaccine cold chain packaging workers sometimes need to work under cold chain or ultra-low temperature environments. Repetitive exposure to cold environments can cause some health hazards. Exposure to cold environments can cause injuries and cognitive and motor impairments such as impaired tactile sensitivity, muscle function, proprioception, finger mobility and grip strength, as well as increasing arousal levels and distracting attention [59]. Lack of personal protective equipment (PPE) and a lack of training and monitoring can lead to unprotected exposure to cold environments. Poor handling of the packages can lead to physical harm to workers, and broken packages can cause a leakage of phase change materials, refrigerants, which are hazardous and can harm human health. Real-time monitoring and efficient training should be given to relevant personnel working with cold chain packaging. Monitoring systems should be able to handle vague information and aid in decision-making, and personalized training should be given to relevant personnel. With the emergence of information management and AI technologies, many applications have incorporated these techniques. [PERSON] et al. (2022) proposed a real-time occupational safety monitoring system based on IoT and digital twin technologies [60]. [PERSON] et al. (2020) proposed an online learning program called Keep Cool to ensure optimal vaccine storage conditions with the aid of tailored training for individuals [61]. Individuals may have different tolerances to the cold environment, and factors like body fat, level of physical fitness, diet, blood pressure, heart rate, skin temperature, mean body temperature, core temperature, etc., impact the cold adaption of individuals. [PERSON] et al. (2018) proposed an IoT-based risk monitoring model to manage personal health data in cold chains [52]. Specially designed cold chain shipping containers are often used for vaccines. These shipping containers normally contain packaging systems to maintain temperatures at specific ranges and monitoring systems to keep track of the temperature fluctuations. However, poor shipping container designs can cause temperature disruptions, leading to vaccine quality and safety decay, and human errors can also lead to safety issues or even cause injuries. Poor handling of these containers can lead to product- and occupational-safety-related risks. Thus, it is crucial to conduct safety and risk management for vaccine cold chain shipping containers. Cold chain shipping containers can provide regulation on the internal environment as well as monitoring throughout the cold chain. Also, many companies have launched training, recycling and reusing programs along with the cold chain shipping solutions. Personalized solutions are usually provided, meeting the specific requirements of the cold chain. Therefore, the risk management of product and occupational safety risks for vaccines from the perspective of comprehensive shipping solutions needs to be analyzed. Therefore, logistic providers can locate their weak chains and continuously improve their operation process.