## 1 Introduction  
Greece is located at the southeastern tip of Europe where a variety of geological processes take place, such as the formation of the Alpine Mountain chain from the Western French Alps to the Dinarides in the Balkan Peninsula due to the collision between European and Nubian plates. Furthermore, observed intense deformation in the Aegegan and the surrounding regions produces a significant portion of SE Europe's seismicity, concentrated in thrust structures along the Hellenic Arc and smaller extensive ruptures in the area of the Aegegan back-arc [1; 2; 3; 4]. The epicentral area is located in the front of the Hellenic arc, near the region where the European and Nubia plates converge, giving rise to large earthquakes [1; 2; 3; 4; 5]. The most characteristic tectonic features in the vicinity of the rupture zone are the two large tectonic basins located in the northern Heraklion and the southwest Messara. These were formed by extensional forces from an arc-normal pull since 11 Ma which formed the average NNE-SSW direction faults [1; 2]. The basins are filled with Miocene to Pliocene sediments overlaid by Quaternary deposits and in the north-eastern part, there are exposed nappes tectonic features consisting of Carbonates of the Tripolis and Trypalin units. Several field surveys showed the existence of active extensional faults in the upper crust of Crete along both E-W and N-S directions, (e.g., [6; 7; 8; 9; 10; 11; 12]). The 2021 seismic crisis in Arkalochori and the neighboring villages was located in a fault system of what was considered possibly active with NW-SE and NE-SW direction of strike, (e.g., [8; 10; 11; 13; 14; 15]), bounding the Heraklion basin. Destructive earthquakes occurred in the broader Crete region during the pre-instrumental era [16; 17; 18]. In Central Crete, two major historical earthquakes have been reported, both in the vicinity of Heraklion. The first one was on 1 July 1494 (M = 5.4) [16] while on 26 November 1595, a second event (M \(\sim\) 6.4) took place, both causing severe damage on the island of Crete [16; 18]. On 27 September 2021 an Mw = 6.0 event, linked to an approximately N-S trending normal fault at the central part of the island of Crete, Greece, occurred \(\sim\)20 km to the south of the prefecture's capital. The occurrence of the mainshock took place after a long time of foreshocks since the first half of June 2021 with criticality characteristics [19] and a long aftershock sequence with the strongest event occurring on 28 September with local magnitude M\({}_{\rm L}\)5.3. Following the recent report by ITSAK [20], the recorded PGA at the epicentral area (Arkalochori) was 0.62 g in the horizontal component (N-S) and 0.82 g in the vertical one, with a duration of strong ground motion (\(>\)0.1 g) almost 6 s. Its focal mechanism is characterized by an SSW-NNE to SW-NE-trending, nearly dip-slip normal faulting. Its strike generally ranges from N200\({}^{\circ}\) E-N230\({}^{\circ}\) E and its dip angle varies between 40\({}^{\circ}\) and 60\({}^{\circ}\). The active fault associated with the main event is the Kastelli Fault, which has a progressive change in the strike from 225\({}^{\circ}\) to 265\({}^{\circ}\) northeastwards and dips between 60\({}^{\circ}\)-80\({}^{\circ}\) northwestwards [9; 21; 22; 23]. In this work, we present the consistency between seismological, geodetic, satellite, and geophysical data for the 2021-2022 Arkalochori earthquake sequence, highlighting the complementarity of multi-disciplinary approaches. First, we relocate the 2021-2022 Central Crete earthquake sequence to have a more accurate insight on its distribution and scaling properties. Based on body-wave travel times, we have developed a 3D velocity model, while using combined space and ground based geodetic techniques the co-seismic ground deformation is obtained. Moreover, we examined the co-seismic static stress changes with respect to the aftershocks' spatial distribution during the major events of the foreshocks, the Mw = 6.0 main event as well as the largest aftershock.