## 1 Introduction  
Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) represents a significant portion, approximately 4.5%, of all malignancies, making it the most prevalent form of head and neck cancer in males [1; 2]. The variability in tumor characteristics, clinical behavior, and prognosis is closely tied to the anatomical site affected, including the glottis, supraglottis, or subglottis regions [3]. Squamous cell carcinoma constitutes a substantial majority, accounting for 85% to 95% of all laryngeal cancers. Alarming statistics from 2018 in the United States alone reported around 13,150 newly diagnosed cases of laryngeal cancer, leading to approximately 3710 deaths [4]. The incidence ratio between males and females is notably high at 3.9:1 [5]. While racial predilection is not overtly evident, race emerges as an independent prognostic factor. African American patients present at a younger age and exhibit lower overall survival rates compared to their Caucasian, Hispanic, and Asian counterparts [6]. This disparity underscores the intricate interplay of genetic and environmental factors in the development and progression of LSCC. Tobacco and alcohol use stand out as primary causative factors for laryngeal cancer, with risk escalating in proportion to the intensity and duration of consumption. Interestingly, after cessation of tobacco or alcohol use, it takes approximately 15 years for the risk levels to normalize, emphasizing the long-term impact of these habits [1]. The management of LSCC involves a nuanced approach, with treatment options contingent on the location and stage of the disease [7]. Organ preservation strategies, including radiotherapy [8; 9] and transoral laser microsurgery (TLM) [10; 11], as well as open horizontal partial laryngectomy or definitive surgery (total laryngectomy) [12], are employed. Surgical interventions, whether diagnostic or therapeutic, play a pivotal role in providing critical insights into tumor biology and guiding the subsequent course of treatment. Despite advances in understanding various human tumor types, the precise role and contribution of members of the chaperone system (CS), such as heat shock proteins (HSPs), in the carcinogenic process of the larynx, especially the vocal cords, remain to be firmly established [13; 14; 15; 16; 17; 18]. Researchers studying various types of carcinomas have discovered that heat shock proteins can have an additional role. When released outside of cells, these proteins can cause chronic inflammation. They promote cytokines and interact with other proteins, which are crucial in regulating the immune response, inflammation, and tumor microenvironment in cancer. Pro-inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-\(\alpha\), IL-\(\beta\), and IL-6, can exacerbate cancer invasiveness and malignancy. These cytokines facilitate cancer progression by inducing persistent inflammation and continuously activating signaling pathways like NF-\(\kappa\)B. Furthermore, cytokines can affect the activity of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), which secrete factors that contribute to tumor growth and metastasis while maintaining an immunosuppressive environment [19; 20; 21; 22]. Another possibility that the study and analysis of various HSPs may provide is to use this class of proteins for prognostic purposes. High expression levels of heat shock proteins may be associated with worse prognostic pictures. Thus, having these data available could be crucial for optimizing the individual therapy of individuals with carcinoma [23; 24; 25; 26]. Recent studies have revealed the crucial role of HSPs in maintaining cellular stability and averting programmed cell death (apoptosis). This, in turn, poses a considerable risk factor for cancer treatments, potentially causing resistance. Therefore, when devising an effective cancer therapy for a patient, it is imperative to take this factor into consideration [27; 28; 29].