## 3 Theoretical Modeling and Research
### Deformation Simulation Analysis of Copper Rod Rolled by Hot Continuous Rolling  
Based on the analysis of on-site process parameters, a rolling model of SCR3000 hot strip rolling was established, and a numerical simulation of the stress-strain field, temperature field, and damage field during the hot rolling process was realized using the finite element method. The specific stress-strain field results are presented in Figure 6. When metal is plastically deformed, not only does the external shape change, but the internal structure and properties are also altered. Figure 6: Numerical simulation of hot strip rolling in the SCR3000 line:(**a**) strain field; and (**b**) stress field. The equivalent stress of the copper rod and its rolling interface during hot rolling were also simulated and analyzed. The equivalent stress program is presented in Figures 6b and 7. The deformation of roughly rolled copper rods mainly concentrated on the surface and the equivalent strain at the edge and corner is relatively large, which can easily lead to processing damage. The equivalent stress of the roll gap in the elliptical pass system for finishing copper rod is larger than that of the roll contact in the circular pass system. As rolling proceeds, the equivalent strain shifts from the surface to the center of the copper rod. During the entire rolling process, due to the difference in the amount of plastic deformation between the core metal and the surface metal of the rolled piece, and the difference in heat dissipation between the core metal and the surface metal, the surface metal is in contact with the roll, and convectively exchanges heat with the air, resulting in obvious heat dissipation. Therefore, the temperature of the cross section of the rolled piece is very different from the surface temperature (see Figure 8). The uniformity of the microstructure of the rolling section exerts a great influence on the overall performance of the final product, and the section uniformity after dynamic recrystallization is closely related to the uneven temperature distribution of the rolling section. Therefore, it is very important to analyze the temperature field distribution of the cross-section of the rolled product. As rolling proceeds, the work hardening effect of the copper rod decreases with temperature, and the stress field increases significantly. The ductile damage to copper rods under large deformation, high temperature, and high strain rate rolling is an important problem in the plastic forming process of copper rods. By simulating the damage to copper rods and their cross-section in the continuous rolling process, the damage situation and damage distribution of copper rod in the continuous rolling process are obtained, which  
Figure 8: Equivalent temperature field of copper rod rolling and rolling sections in hot continuous rolling. Figure 7: Cross-sectional strain evolution cloud diagram of each rolling pass. can accurately predict the location of damage to a copper rod undergoing the hot rolling process, and can thus help to improve the quality of copper rod production (Figure 9). Based on investigation of the thermal deformation behavior of the Cu-Ag alloy, a finite element model of the continuous rolling process of SCR3000 CuAg alloy wire rod was established with the help of large-scale finite element simulation of soft 3D deformation, and the continuous rolling process was numerically simulated in combination with the rolling process parameters. After calculation, the rolling process was studied by considering the stress and strain field evolution, temperature field change and damage field evolution, and the problems of the on-site continuous rolling process were demonstrated, revealing the basic law of hot continuous rolling deformation, and rolling of the Cu-Ag alloy wire.