## 3 Results  
Overall, there was no difference in the distance run between conditions (CON: 1619.0 \(\pm\) 180.1 m, 6 IP: 1618.0 \(\pm\) 180.3 m, 12 IP: 1615.8 \(\pm\) 179.7 m; \(p\) = 0.162) with no interaction effect between sex and condition (\(p\) = 0.682). Males, on average, ran approximately 237 m more than females (\(p\) = 0.008). As shown in Figure 2, HR was significantly lower in the first minute (T1) of the 12 IP performance trial (170.0 \(\pm\) 8.9 bpm) compared to the CON (175.0 \(\pm\) 7.7 bpm; \(p\) = 0.023) but not 6 IP (172.0 \(\pm\) 6.0 bpm; \(p\) > 0.05). There was no difference in HR between males and females in any condition (\(p\) = 0.450), and there was no significant interaction among the condition, time and sex (\(p\) = 0.903), although males had a greater relative increase in the HR in each condition from T1 to T2 (males: 5.3, 6.3, 7.1%; females: 3.4, 4.9, 5.6% for CON, 6 IP, 12 IP respectively). The overall peak HR (MAX) was significantly decreased (\(p\) = 0.03) in the 12 IP condition (181.0 \(\pm\) 9.1 bpm) compared to 6 IP (182.0 \(\pm\) 5.1 bpm) and CON (183.0 \(\pm\) 6.2 bpm) with no difference between sexes (\(p\) = 0.319; Figure 2). There was no interaction effect between condition and sex (\(p\) = 0.63); however, females had a lower peak HR (MAX) than males in the 12 IP condition (Figure 2). Figure 3 shows the overall change in MVC for each condition, as well as the individual change per condition. There was no difference overall in the MVC pre-post (\(p\) = 0.167) or between conditions overall (\(p\) = 0.329), but males, overall, had a significantly greater MVC compared to females (\(p\) = 0.001) with no interaction effect between sex and condition (\(p\) = 0.658). There was a significant interaction between time and condition (\(p\) = 0.002), where CON increased 6.3% pre-post, which was different from 6 IP (3.5% increase), and with a 3.6% decrease in the 12 IP condition (males decreased 4.2% and females 3.1%). These mean differences relate to the individual trends, as shown in Figure 3, where 10 of the  
Figure 2: Heart rate (beats/min) response for the following time points within each condition: CON, 6 IP and 12 IP, where the time points within each condition are as follows: BASE, 1 min average for last minute of warm-up; T1, 1 min average for first minute of the 8-min performance trial; T2, 1 min average for the last minute of the 8-min performance trial, MAX, the highest 5 s average within the last the last minute of the performance trial. Female participants are denoted as “\(\Diamond\)” and male participants as “\(\Diamond\)”. * indicates a significant difference between 12 IP and CON; \(\Diamond\) indicates that 12 IP was different from 6 IP and CON. Values are presented as the mean \(\pm\) SD. 14 participants increased the MVC post-CON, whereas only 3 increased the MVC and 3 had no change in the 12 IP condition. Table 2 provides an overview of the perceptual responses to the performance trial in the beginning minute (T1) and the last minute of the trial (T2) and the associated delta change (raw units). There was no difference between conditions for heavy legs (\(p\) = 0.451) or between sexes (\(p\) = 0.575), but overall, there was a difference between T1 and T2 of the performance trial (\(p\) = 0.003) as shown in Table 2 (heavy legs went from \"Slight\" to \"Severe\" overall and in males and females). There was no main effect of condition for the cold discomfort scale (\(p\) = 0.256), time (\(p\) = 0.361) or sex (\(p\) = 0.512), nor were there any interaction effects. As noted in Table 2, there was a trend towards participants being colder at the start of the performance trial in the 12 IP condition (\"Somewhat Severely Cold\") compared to \"Slightly to Moderately Cold\" in the CON condition. Each 8-min trial in each condition reduced cold discomfort (see Table 2), and females had greater cold discomfort at the beginning of each trial compared to males (see Table 2).