## 3 Results
### Patient Post-Surgical Pain, Preference, and Patient and Clinician Satisfaction  
Table 4 summarises pain levels ranging from 0 for no pain to 10 for maximum pain 3 days, 1 week, and 2 months post-surgery as reported by the patients per site receiving immediate and delayed implant placement, respectively. Overall, moderate pain levels (1 to 3) were reported specifically after 3 days and at sites that received delayed placement compared to the low pain levels (0 to 1) after immediate placement. 1 week post-placement, none of the patients reported any pain at the immediate placement sites, while 3 patients reported some pain at the delayed sites. None of the patients reported pain after 2 months post-placement.  
Tables 5 and 6 report the patient- and clinician-reported satisfaction levels with the surgical procedure 10 min and 2 months after surgery, respectively. Four patients reported complete satisfaction with the procedure, while one patient (case 5 patient) reported being partly satisfied and exhausted after receiving four implants, i.e., one per quadrant comprising LA. All patients reported complete satisfaction with the treatment after prosthetic delivery. None of the patients expressed any pronounced levels of dissatisfaction with the procedures.  
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & \multicolumn{5}{c}{**Patient**} \\ \hline  & **1** & **2** & **3** & **4** & & **5** \\ \hline
**Immediate (L/R)** & R (45) & L (35) & R (45) & R (45) & R (13) & L (23) \\ \hline
3 days & 0 & 0 & 1 & 1 & 0 & 0 \\ \hline
1 week & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 \\ \hline
2 months & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 \\ \hline
**Delayed (L/R)** & L (35) & R (45) & L (35) & L (35) & L (35) & R (45) \\ \hline
3 days & 3 & 3 & 1 & 2 & 3 & 2 \\ \hline
1 week & 1 & 0 & 0 & 1 & 1 & 0 \\ \hline
2 months & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table}
Table 4: Patient-reported post-operative pain per treatment site and type, i.e., immediate vs. delayed implant treatments, at 3 days, 1 week, and 2 months post-surgery, as rated on a scale from 0 to 10, with 0 for no pain and 10 for maximum pain. L and R indicate the left and right treatment sites, respectively.  
Figure 28: Box and Wiskers plots comparing mesial (**left** plot) and distal (**right** plot) immediate (grey) and 1-year-post-OP (black) marginal bone level outcomes of immediate and delayed implants placed in AD sites. Boxes, horizontal midlines, and whiskers designate the first and third quartiles, medians, and lower and upper maximum values, respectively. Circles designate individual values.  
The operating clinician (A.P.) reported satisfaction with all procedures without noticing a pronounced difference between immediate or delayed procedures from an operation time or technical complexity point of view.  
80% of the patients reported preferring the immediate procedure due to having experienced less pain and perceiving the immediate procedure as faster overall (Table 7). One patient (Case 5) attributed the reason for preferring the immediate procedure to the fact that this patient received an immediate restoration. All other patients received restorations at the 2-month follow-up, irrespective of placement modality. One patient did not report any preference between the immediate or delayed placement protocols.