## 5 Simulation Studies and Laboratory Testing--The Method  
An experimental setup was developed comprising a movable table driven by a controlled stepper motor. A holder on the table allows the beam to be attached to its surface, enabling the transmission of vibrations to the beam in a more predictable and controlled manner. The developed measurement setup is depicted in Figure 3. The holder was manufactured using 3D printing with PETG (Polyethylene Terephthalate Glycol-Modified) material. It consists of a base with holes for mounting the holder to the table. The beam is secured in a mount on the base, which also includes holes for attaching a clamping plate to secure the beam. The height of the holder is 46 mm, resembling the vice used in the previous experiment. The entire setup was created using the frame of a 3D printer along with its Y-axis drive components, including a NEMA 17 17 HS4401 stepper motor (Ningbo Leison Motor Co., Ltd. Zhejiang, China) with control, a GT2 timing belt drive (Sanmen Binlong Transmission Belt Co., Ltd. Taizhou, China) with a 6 mm wide belt, and a table with linear bearings placed on circular-section linear guides. The printer's table and frame are made of plastic material. Control is achieved using G-Code and the Printrun program, which facilitates sending commands to the printer control system, among other functions. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{c c c} \hline \hline
**Parameter** & **Unit** & **Value** \\ \hline Active length of the MFC film & \(l_{p}\), mm & 85 \\ \hline Active width of the MFC film & \(b_{p}\), mm & 14 \\ \hline Thickness of the MFC film & \(h_{MFC}\), \(\upmu\)m & 300 \\ \hline Thickness of the MFC fibres & \(h_{p}\), \(\upmu\)m & 127 \\ \hline Electrical capacitance & C\({}_{P}\), nF & 84.04 \\ \hline Copper fibre volume fraction & \(V_{E,\,-}\) & 0.19 \\ \hline PZT fibre volume fraction & \(V_{p,\,-}\) & 0.824 \\ \hline Piezoelectric constant & \(d_{31}\), \(\frac{\text{PC}}{\text{N}}\) & \(-1.7\times 10^{2}\) \\ \hline Elastic compliance constant & \(s_{11}^{E}\), \(\frac{m^{2}}{\text{N}}\) & \(16.4\times 10^{-12}\) \\ \hline Dielectric constant & \(\varepsilon^{T}_{33}\), \(\frac{\text{F}}{\text{m}}\) & \(1.504\times 10^{-8}\) \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: The material and geometrical parameters of the investigated MFC film [33]. During the operation of the setup, movements of the base and table were observed, indicating excessive clearances in the holder and too much flexibility in the table drive. The low stiffness of the plastic holder might have also influenced the obtained results. To improve the working parameters of the setup, a modification was implemented by securing the beam to the table using a steel vice. This method required levelling the placement of elements but allowed for a significant increase in the stiffness of the beam attachment. Two series of experiments were conducted. The first experiment focused on studying the damping of the system. For this purpose, amovement was induced with maximum acceleration and a speed of 2 mm along the Y-axis of the printer, and the behaviour of the beam after sudden stopping was examined. Based on this, the damping values of the system necessary for conducting simulations were calculated. The subsequent study involved observing the beam's behaviour during vibrations with increasing frequency. A vibration amplitude of 0.25 mm was induced on the table (vibrating between Y-axis coordinates 50 mm and 50.5 mm). A variable speed was set for the base movement, ranging from 50 mm/min to 2000 mm/min in steps of 50 mm/min. In practice, due to the physical limitations of the measurement setup, this translated to a change in vibration frequency ranging from approximately 7 Hz to about 15 Hz with steps of approximately 0.4 Hz. The study was conducted four times, and the average values were taken into consideration during the analysis of the results. In the next step, a simulation of beam vibrations was performed.