## 3 Case Studies
### Air Transportation Between World Regions and Communication Space
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & **1** & **2** & **3** & **4** & **5** & **6** & **7** & **8** & **9** & **10** & **11** & **12** & **13** \\ \hline Africa Eastern and Southern & 0 & 0.02 & 0 & 0.02 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 \\ Africa Western and Central & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0.02 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0.45 & 0 & 0 \\ Arab World & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0.2 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0.45 & 0 & 0 \\ Central Europe and the Baltics & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0.2 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0.45 & 0 & 0 \\ East Asia and Pacific & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0.45 & 0 & 0 \\ Europe and Central Asia & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0.2 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0.45 & 0 & 0 \\ European Union & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0.2 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0.45 & 0 & 0 \\ Latin America and Caribbean & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0.2 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0.45 & 0 & 0 \\ Middle East and North Africa & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0.2 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0.45 & 0 & 0 \\ North America & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0.2 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0.45 & 0 & 0 \\ South Asia & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0.2 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0.45 & 0 & 0 \\ South Asia & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0.2 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 \\ Sub-Saharan Africa & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0.2 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0.45 & 0 & 0 \\ World & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0.2 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0.45 & 0 & 0 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 4: Transfer entropy values for 1970–2080. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline Africa Eastern and Southern & 0 & 0.02 & 0 & 0.02 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 \\ Africa Western and Central & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 \\ Arab World & 0.23 & 0.02 & 0 & 0.48 & 0.5 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0.023 & 0 \\ Central Europe and the Baltics & 0.23 & 0.02 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0.023 & 0 \\ East Asia and Pacific & 0.23 & 0.02 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0.023 & 0 \\ Europe and Central Asia & 0.23 & 0.02 & 0 & 0.48 & 0.5 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0.023 & 0 \\ European Union & 0.23 & 0.02 & 0 & 0.48 & 0.5 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0.023 & 0 \\ Latin America and Caribbean & 0.23 & 0.02 & 0 & 0.48 & 0.5 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0.023 & 0 \\ Middle East and North Africa & 0.23 & 0.02 & 0 & 0.48 & 0.5 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0.023 & 0 \\ South Asia & 0.23 & 0.02 & 0 & 0.48 & 0.5 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0.023 & 0 \\ Sub-Saharan Africa & 0 & 0.02 & 0 & 0.48 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 \\ World & 0.23 & 0.02 & 0 & 0.48 & 0.5 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0.023 & 0 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 5: Transfer entropy values for 1981–1990. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c c c c c c c c c c} \hline \hline  & **1** & **2** & **3** & **4** & **5** & **6** & **7** & **8** & **9** & **10** & **11** & **12** & **13** \\ \hline Africa Eastern and Southern & 0 & 0.48 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0.483 & 0 & 0 \\ Africa Western and Central & 0.02 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0.023 & 0.023 & 0 \\ Arab World & 0.48 & 0.02 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0.023 & 0.483 & 0 \\ Central Europe and the Baltics & 0.48 & 0.02 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0.023 & 0.483 & 0 \\ East Asia and Pacific & 0.48 & 0.02 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0.023 & 0.483 & 0 \\ Europe and Central Asia & 0.48 & 0.02 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0.023 & 0.483 & 0 \\ European Union & 0.48 & 0.02 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0.023 & 0.483 & 0 \\ Latin America and Caribbean & 0.48 & 0.02 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0.023 & 0.483 & 0 \\ Middle East and North Africa & 0.48 & 0.02 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0.023 & 0.483 & 0 \\ North America & 0.48 & 0.02 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0.023 & 0.483 & 0 \\ South Asia & 0.02 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0.023 & 0.483 & 0 \\ Sub-Saharan Africa & 0 & 0.48 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0.023 & 0.483 & 0 \\ World & 0.48 & 0.02 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0.023 & 0.483 & 0 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 6: Transfer entropy values for 1991–2000.