## 3 Results
### Antioxidant Activities of Ethanolic and Aqueous Extracts  
The antioxidant activities were measured through the DPPH system for the 24 different extraction conditions. In general terms, as the data did not fulfil the normality assumption, the nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test was used. In the first approach, the results were analyzed according to the solvent type (ethanol or water). The results suggest that there are significant differences among the ethanolic and the aqueous extracts (Kruskal-Wallis, Bonferroni test, F = 3.849, \(p\) = 0.050) with average values of 4.63% for the ethanol extracts and 5.42% for the aqueous extracts. Additionally, when we analyzed the data according to the extraction temperature factor, higher values occurred at 40 \({}^{\circ}\)C (average of 6.68%) with statistically different values from the samples extracted at room temperature or 70 \({}^{\circ}\)C (Kruskal-Wallis, Bonferroni test, F = 7.579, \(p\) = 0.023). There was strong evidence (\(p\) < 0.003, adjusted using the Bonferroni correction) of a difference between the extracts at 40 \({}^{\circ}\)C that produced higher values of inhibition and the group of samples obtained at room temperature (4.42%) or at 70 \({}^{\circ}\)C (3.84%). The box plot for the median values of DPPH inhibition activity (%) for extractions at different temperatures is presented in Figure 2.  
Overall, the global comparison and statistical analysis of DPPH inhibition values (%) indicates that there are significant differences among the various samples analyzed (Kruskal-Wallis, F = 61.067, \(p\)-value < 0.05) (Figure 3). The sample with the lowest DPPH inhibition (2A/RT) is not significantly different from the other second ethanolic extractions regardless of the extraction temperature. The highest inhibition value sample (4B/40) is not significantly different from most samples extracted at 40 \({}^{\circ}\)C except for the first and second extractions using ethanol that overall exhibit the lowest values. \begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c c} \hline \hline  & **Extraction Order** & **Solvent** & **RT** & **40 \({}^{\circ}\)C** & **70 \({}^{\circ}\)C** \\ \hline A & 1 st & Ethanol & 0.78 \(\pm\) 0.14 & 1.18 \(\pm\) 0.25 & 1.20 \(\pm\) 0.21 \\  & 2 nd & Ethanol & 0.41 \(\pm\) 0.09 & 0.46 \(\pm\) 0.07 & 0.57 \(\pm\) 0.07 \\  & 3 rd & Water & 15.91 \(\pm\) 1.46 & 16.63 \(\pm\) 0.74 & 15.65 \(\pm\) 1.52 \\  & 4 th & Water & 6.62 \(\pm\) 1.03 & 8.94 \(\pm\) 1.25 & 10.99 \(\pm\) 1.71 \\ \hline B & 1 st & Water & 15.86 \(\pm\) 1.14 & 17.03 \(\pm\) 0.37 & 18.49 \(\pm\) 1.25 \\  & 2 nd & Water & 7.75 \(\pm\) 1.40 & 10.72 \(\pm\) 0.66 & 10.36 \(\pm\) 0.40 \\  & 3 rd & Ethanol & 2.76 \(\pm\) 0.55 & 3.46 \(\pm\) 0.46 & 3.68 \(\pm\) 1.03 \\  & 4 th & Ethanol & 0.68 \(\pm\) 0.20 & 0.68 \(\pm\) 0.36 & 0.79 \(\pm\) 0.19 \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular}
\end{table} 
Table 1: Extraction yield as g of extract per 100 g dw for the different fractions obtained. Results are shown as the mean \(\pm\) standard deviation (\(n\) = 4). RT is defined as room temperature. A and B represent the different solvent order. Figure 2: Boxplots for the median values of the inhibition of the DPPH radical (%) in the presence of extracts obtained at different temperatures. In relation to the quantification of the total phenolic content (TPC) and when comparing the different solvents used (ethanol or water), we observed that there are significant differences (Kruskal-Wallis, F = 70.48, \(p\)-value \(<\) 0.05) between samples (Figure 4). Globally, aqueous extracts have higher mean TPC values (9.14 mg GAE g\({}^{-1}\) extract) than ethanol extracts (4.76 mg GAE g\({}^{-1}\) extract). For the TPC values at different temperatures, significant differences can also be observed (Kruskal-Wallis, F = 36.52, \(p\)-value \(<\) 0.05) and we can state that extraction temperature of 40 \({}^{\circ}\)C is globally the temperature that reaches higher TPC values (10.14 mg GAE g\({}^{-1}\) extract) when compared to 70 \({}^{\circ}\)C or room temperature (respectively 6.03 and 4.85 mg GAE g\({}^{-1}\) extract).