美利堅聯盟國憲法

美利堅聯-{}-盟國憲法。從1861年2月8日到1862年2月22日，邦聯也根據臨時憲法運作。 最初的臨時憲法位於弗吉尼亞州里士滿美國內戰博物館，與後來的版本略有不同透過了。最終的手寫憲法位於哈格特善本和手稿圖書館佐治亞大學。其大部分條款逐字複製於合眾國憲法；然而，這兩份檔案在語氣和法律內容上存在重大差異，主要是在奴隸制方面。與合眾國憲法比較.合眾國憲法和聯盟國憲法的序言有一些相似之處，但聯盟國憲法的作者似乎打算給新的序言賦予不同的感覺。此處提供了兩個前言。粗體文字顯示之間的差異。聯盟國憲法的序言提到了上帝、永久政府以及每個州的主權和獨立。譯文：我們合眾國人民，為建立更完善的聯邦，樹立正義，保障國內安寧，提供共同防務，促進公共福利，並使我們自己和後代得享自由的幸福，特為美利堅合眾國制定本憲法。譯文：我們聯盟國人民，每個州以其主權和獨立的特質行事，為了建立一個永久的聯邦政府、確立正義、保障國內和平以及為我們自己和我們的子孫爭取自由的祝福，恭請全能上帝的青睞和指引，立此憲法，成立美利堅聯盟國。文章摘要.聯盟國憲法的正文大部分沿用了合眾國憲法，但也有一些變化第一條差異.已隱藏部分未翻譯內容，歡迎參與[ 翻譯]。"But Congress may, by law, grant to the principal officer in each of the Executive Departments a seat upon the floor of either House, with the privilege of discussing any measures appertaining to his department.""The Congress shall have power – To lay and collect taxes, duties, imposts, and excises for revenue, necessary to pay the debts, provide for the common defense, and carry on the Government of the Confederate States; but no bounties shall be granted from the Treasury; nor shall any duties or taxes on importations from foreign nations be laid to promote or foster any branch of industry; and all duties, imposts, and excises shall be uniform throughout the Confederate States."The phrase "general Welfare" was dropped from the Confederate Clause as well."The Congress shall have Power To lay and collect Taxes, Duties, Imposts and Excises, to pay the Debts and provide for the common Defence and general Welfare of the United States; but all Duties, Imposts and Excises shall be uniform throughout the United States;"Article I Section 8(3) added quite a bit to the U.S. Constitution in an attempt to block the Confederate Congress from appropriating money to build "internal improvements" to "facilitate commerce," with some exceptions allowing for safety and improvement to waterways.Article I Section 8 of the U.S. Constitution."To regulate Commerce with foreign Nations, and among the several States, and with the Indian Tribes."Article I Section 8(3) of the Confederate Constitution."To regulate commerce with foreign nations, and among the several States, and with the Indian tribes; but neither this, nor any other clause contained in the constitution, shall ever be construed to delegate the power to Congress to appropriate money for any internal improvement intended to facilitate commerce; except for the purpose of furnishing lights, beacons, and buoys, and other aids to navigation upon the coasts, and the improvement of harbors and the removing of obstructions in river navigation, in all which cases, such duties shall be laid on the navigation facilitated thereby, as may be necessary to pay the costs and expenses thereof.""Congress shall appropriate no money from the treasury except by a vote of two-thirds of both Houses, taken by yeas and nays, unless it be asked and estimated for by some one of the heads of Department, and submitted to Congress by the President; or for the purpose of paying its own expenses and contingencies; or for the payment of claims against the Confederate States, the justice of which shall have been judicially declared by a tribunal for the investigation of claims against the government, which it is hereby made the duty of Congress to establish.""All bills appropriating money shall specify in federal currency the exact amount of each appropriation and the purposes for which it is made; and Congress shall grant no extra compensation to any public contractor, officer, agent or servant, after such contract shall have been made or such service rendered.""Every law or resolution having the force of law, shall relate to but one subject, and that shall be expressed in the title."Then in Section 10:"No State shall, without the consent of Congress, lay any duty on tonnage, except on sea-going vessels, for the improvement of its rivers and harbors navigated by the said vessels; but such duties shall not conflict with any treaties of the Confederate States with foreign nations; and any surplus revenue, thus derived, shall, after making such improvement, be paid into the common treasury. Nor shall any state keep troops or ships of war in time of peace, enter into any agreement or compact with another state, or with a foreign power, or engage in war, unless actually invaded, or in such imminent danger as will not admit of delay. But when any river divides or flows through two or more States, they may enter into compacts with each other to improve the navigation thereof."Article II.Changes to Article IIIChanges to Article IV"Other states may be admitted into this Confederacy by a vote of two-thirds of the whole House of Representatives, and two-thirds of the Senate, the Senate voting by states; but no new state shall be formed or erected within the jurisdiction of any other state; nor any state be formed by the junction of two or more states, or parts of states, without the consent of the legislatures of the states concerned as well as of the Congress."Changes to Article VChanges to Article VIArticle VI Section 1(1)"The Government established by this Constitution is the successor of the Provisional Government of the Confederate States of America, and all the laws passed by the latter shall continue in force until the same shall be repealed or modified; and all the officers appointed by the same shall remain in office until their successors are appointed and qualified, or the offices abolished."Changes to Article VII"When five states shall have ratified this Constitution, in the manner before specified, the Congress under the Provisional Constitution, shall prescribe the time for holding the election of President and Vice President; and, for the meeting of the Electoral College; and, for counting the votes, and inaugurating the President. They shall, also, prescribe the time for holding the first election of members of Congress under this Constitution, and the time for assembling the same. Until the assembling of such Congress, the Congress under the Provisional Constitution shall continue to exercise the legislative powers granted them; not extending beyond the time limited by the Constitution of the Provisional Government."Differences by subject.Slavery.There were several major differences between the constitutions concerning slavery.聯盟國憲法奴隸制.然而，憲法保留國會廢除此類進口的權力：第一條第9(4)款就黑人作出了澄清：第四條第2(1)節，針對黑人進行了修訂：聯盟國憲法中增加了一項條款，根據該條款，奴隸制將適用於未來所有希望加入聯邦的州：批准.國會於1861年3月11日開始批准《邦聯憲法》：