北幹那那

北幹那那是馬來西亞柔佛州笨珍縣的一個城鎮及華人新村，也是縣內唯一在緊急狀態法令下成立的華人新村，距離小笨珍市區約16公里。由於北幹那那早期盛產黃梨，因此也被稱為黃梨之鄉。名稱.北幹那那的馬來文名為Pekan Nanas，意為「黃梨小鎮」。北幹那那也是馬來西亞華人新村少數帶有水果名稱的新村。歷史.北幹那那地區的發展史可以追溯到埔來港主時代，坐落於現在甘榜槽附近，靠近埔來河支流的地方，距離新村有幾公里。在日軍南侵之前的1941年，當地已有近3千名華裔居民散居在附近。此外，當時當地的小型工業還包括一家以黃梨葉作為原料的黃梨麻織廠、由劉登鼎創立的和泰黃梨廠、2家木屐廠、以及幾所炭窯和磚廠，經濟活動發展蓬勃。1942年4月23日，日本開始南侵，抵達北幹那那周邊的西洋港、宜蘭峇株、宜蘭槽、--根據柔佛馬華公會新村事務局出版的《柔佛州華人新村特輯》，北幹那那新村是於1950年成立，曾在1947年地發生一起騷亂事件，當地有居民持槍械滋事，擾亂事件也持續了大約一年。因此當時的英殖民政府為了切斷鄉村居民與馬來亞共產黨之間聯絡，便徵用了土地透過緊急狀態法令將周遭從34碑開始至24碑所有居住在芭地裡的農耕民給集中起來。這也間接導致北幹那那華人所創辦的學校不得不陸續停辦，併合併成現今的育民學校或是僑民學校。這些消失了的學校包括培華學校、崇實學校、平民學校、南強學校、華僑學校、育華學校、啟蒙學校，以及育民學校前身的中華學校。不過根據新加坡《海峽時報》在1949年4月17日的一份報道，北幹那那公司一座擁有3千英畝的黃梨園丘。該報道也指出，園丘地段剛被清理和完成種植，並預計在1950年就能開始收成。根據在笨珍路三十一碑美豐園出生，有份參與新村建設的村民鍾賦指出，北幹那那新村地段原是樹膠園，在被政府徵用後，僅用了6個月時間便將散居在方圓5公里的居民分階段遷入村裡。北幹那那新村在1948年開始分階段搬遷，首先為西洋港居民，接下來則是美豐園居民和其他地區的居民。在新村土地被徵用之前，北幹那那現處於的地段被稱為為水池路27哩，面積約為320英畝，當地的居民則散居在周邊幾公里的膠園及黃梨園內，並多從事耕種活動。新村的屋地在初期設定的編號到800多號，但並沒有住滿，估計村裡約有4至5千居民。其中有些居民佔據3、4間房子，以有多個園丘為理由，需要讓工人居住；而有的分配到房屋卻不要搬去他處。鍾賦稱美豐園地區大部分都是由鍾姓人家開拓，籍貫主要為客家人。當時他在笨珍路29哩的育華學校就讀1年，過後便轉入北幹那那育民學校就讀。北幹那那新村的土地屬於高山地段，不適合種植黃梨，反而是靠近的29哩有大片黃梨園，這裡的村民主要職業自然為農業。北幹那那新村的周邊地區自20世紀的五六十年代開始便盛產黃梨。根據記錄，1950至60年代是馬來亞黃梨生產的高峰期，其中北幹那那所出產的黃梨就佔了馬來亞黃梨產量的大部分，使馬來亞的黃梨產量一度在世界名列第二，僅次於美國夏威夷州。其中當時一家國民罐頭工廠就聘請了約800名工人及200名職員。其他主要的經濟活動則為割膠。村民李鵬發稱他在就讀小學三年級的時候便隨同家人搬遷至北幹那那新村，當時還是馬來亞緊急狀態時期，進出村子需要經過檢查站，保衛團則負責在村內巡邏和負責檢查站工作。新村閘門的守衛團負責檢查和控制村民進出，並嚴禁帶食物出去，只能帶飲用水出外務農。他也說由於當時的學校沒有年齡限制，因此當地的育民學校多為超齡生，放學後的他會跟隨父母出外務農，在黃梨園做除草的工作，當時務農的工資僅有2、3塊錢。當時的北幹那那新村因四周被鐵絲網圍繞，而沒有什麼娛樂活動，唯一的休閒活動則為村內一家臨時搭建的戲院，名為光明戲院。過中秋節時當地也有舉辦中秋晚會，農曆新年時則會有舞獅團表演。1951年，育民學校董事會成立，首屆董事長為林維揚。1953年北幹那那中華學校易名為育民學校，可能因為校名的“中華”會被認為為敏感字眼。1960年，新村的緊急狀態正式解除。國家黃梨公司成立後在60、70年代開始透過收購小園主的黃梨，加工生產為黃梨罐頭，並外銷世界各地，為當地提供逾千個就業機會，也成為當地最大廠商。1962年育民學校因為學生人數增加，課室不敷使用，董事部便向教育部申請把學校分為育民一校和育民二校，兩校同在一個屋簷下上課，分上下午班。1965年笨珍黃梨園因勞資雙方談判破裂發生罷工潮。1970年柔佛州政府首次委任北幹那那新村村長，首名村長為林祝的管轄區。1984年北幹那那育民學校董事會重組，催生了重建校舍運動，以重建半磚板的簡陋校舍；從1985至2004年，該校進行4期建設，耗資逾400萬令吉。北幹那那新村在20世紀60年代是以種植黃梨為主要經濟但在80年代由於黃梨市場售價下滑，當地的部分小園主開始放棄種植黃梨，改種橡膠和油棕。1989年日本島野集團投資，在北幹那那設定廠房裝配腳踏車與釣魚用具，為當地提供數千個工作機會，進而帶動地方經濟發展。從90年代至今，北幹那那新村周邊設立了大約逾30個新花園住宅區，使當地人口大增，成為了縣內第二大城鎮。目前北幹那那鎮的主要經濟轉為工商業。花園住宅區."type": "FeatureCollection","features": ["type": "Feature","properties": {"marker-color": "#002680","marker-size": "medium","marker-symbol": "building","title": "四季花園","description": "Taman Season""geometry": {"type": "Point","coordinates": [103.51617693901062,1.4995269475221793{"type": "Feature","properties": {"marker-color": "#002680","marker-size": "medium","marker-symbol": "building","title": "成功花園","description": "Taman Sri Jaya""geometry": {"type": "Point","coordinates": [103.51593017578124,1.4971888609855122{"type": "Feature","properties": {"marker-size": "medium","marker-symbol": "building","marker-color": "#002680","title": "成寶花園","description": "Taman Mewah""geometry": {"type": "Point","coordinates": [103.5180813074112,1.497558879433887{"type": "Feature","properties": {"marker-color": "#002680","marker-symbol": "industrial","marker-size": "medium","title": "金馬工業區","description": "Kawasan Perindustrian Pekan Nenas 1""geometry": {"type": "Point","coordinates": [103.52161645889282,1.4949151230626867{"type": "Feature","properties": {"marker-color": "#002680","marker-symbol": "industrial","marker-size": "medium","title": "北幹新街","description": "Pekan Sentral""geometry": {"type": "Point","coordinates": [103.52603673934937,1.4941429096473666{"type": "Feature","properties": {"marker-size": "medium","marker-symbol": "building","marker-color": "#002680","title": "金馬花園","description": "Taman Emas Merah""geometry": {"type": "Point","coordinates": [103.5285472869873,1.4968242050622502{"type": "Feature","properties": {"marker-size": "medium","marker-symbol": "building","marker-color": "#002680","title": "黃金花園第三期","description": "Taman Emas 3""geometry": {"type": "Point","coordinates": [103.52891206741333,1.4983042787271532{"type": "Feature","properties": {"marker-size": "medium","marker-symbol": "building","marker-color": "#002680","title": "鑽石花園","description": "Taman Intan""geometry": {"type": "Point","coordinates": [103.5297703742981,1.4995483978458168{"type": "Feature","properties": {"marker-size": "medium","marker-symbol": "building","marker-color": "#002680","title": "新村第一區","description": "Pekan Nanas \"A\"""geometry": {"type": "Point","coordinates": [103.51007223129272,1.5064339408539258{"type": "Feature","properties": {"marker-size": "medium","marker-symbol": "building","marker-color": "#002680","title": "新村第二區","description": "Pekan Nanas \"B\"""geometry": {"type": "Point","coordinates": [103.51378440856934,1.509050870501244{"type": "Feature","properties": {"marker-size": "medium","marker-symbol": "building","marker-color": "#002680","title": "新村第三區","description": "Pekan Nanas \"B\"""geometry": {"type": "Point","coordinates": [103.51494312286376,1.5132980119129154{"type": "Feature","properties": {"marker-size": "medium","marker-symbol": "building","marker-color": "#002680","title": "新村第四區","description": "Pekan Nanas \"C\"""geometry": {"type": "Point","coordinates": [103.5096001625061,1.5148853252561911{"type": "Feature","properties": {"marker-size": "medium","marker-symbol": "building","marker-color": "#002680","title": "光明花園","description": "Taman Suria""geometry": {"type": "Point","coordinates": [103.50445032119751,1.506047836213499{"type": "Feature","properties": {"marker-size": "medium","marker-symbol": "building","marker-color": "#002680","title": "鳳梨花園","description": "Taman Sri Nenas""geometry": {"type": "Point","coordinates": [103.51125240325928,1.5042674639313012{"type": "Feature","properties": {"marker-size": "medium","marker-symbol": "building","marker-color": "#002680","title": "凱旋花園","description": "Jalan Abu Bakar Majid""geometry": {"type": "Point","coordinates": [103.51697087287903,1.5013823997395572{"type": "Feature","properties": {"marker-size": "medium","marker-symbol": "building","marker-color": "#002680","title": "綠城苑","description": "Taman Sri Kota""geometry": {"type": "Point","coordinates": [103.5160481929779,1.5030555229321212{"type": "Feature","properties": {"marker-size": "medium","description": "Pusat Perdangangan Pekan Nanas","marker-symbol": "building","title": "北幹商業中心","marker-color": "#002680""geometry": {"type": "Point","coordinates": [103.50972890853882,1.5094906001741175{"type": "Feature","properties": {"marker-color": "#002680","marker-size": "medium","marker-symbol": "building","title": "新市鎮花園","description": "Taman Utama""geometry": {"type": "Point","coordinates": [103.51860165596008,1.5048895218818639{"type": "Feature","properties": {"marker-color": "#000000","marker-size": "medium","marker-symbol": "building","title": "? 74間花園","description": "Taman Sri Pekan""geometry": {"type": "Point","coordinates": [103.51029753684998,1.516193785380975{"type": "Feature","properties": {"marker-color": "#002680","marker-size": "medium","marker-symbol": "building","title": "杏花村/蓮花村花園","description": "Taman Bunga Teratai""geometry": {"type": "Point","coordinates": [103.5150396823883,1.5186069269788236{"type": "Feature","properties": {"marker-color": "#002680","marker-size": "medium","marker-symbol": "building","title": "順利花園","description": "Taman Desa Damai""geometry": {"type": "Point","coordinates": [103.51537227630615,1.5224679479292134{"type": "Feature","properties": {"marker-color": "#002680","marker-size": "medium","marker-symbol": "building","description": "Taman Puteri","title": "公主花園\t""geometry": {"type": "Point","coordinates": [103.50934267044066,1.5204409127913996{"type": "Feature","properties": {"marker-color": "#002680","marker-size": "medium","marker-symbol": "building","title": "百合花園","description": "Taman Impian""geometry": {"type": "Point","coordinates": [103.5072934627533,1.5160221840981793{"type": "Feature","properties": {"marker-color": "#002680","marker-size": "medium","marker-symbol": "building","title": "鴻福花園","description": "Taman Sri Bahagia""geometry": {"type": "Point","coordinates": [103.50534081459045,1.5150676517144248{"type": "Feature","properties": {"marker-color": "#000000","marker-size": "medium","marker-symbol": "building","title": "? 50間","description": "Rumah Murah Pekan Nanas""geometry": {"type": "Point","coordinates": [103.51169228553772,1.5135125137839678{"type": "Feature","properties": {"marker-color": "#002680","marker-size": "medium","marker-symbol": "building","title": "太子花園","description": "Taman Putera""geometry": {"type": "Point","coordinates": [103.52198123931885,1.5066484434023728{"type": "Feature","properties": {"marker-color": "#002680","marker-size": "medium","marker-symbol": "building","title": "彩虹花園","description": "Taman Pelangi Mas""geometry": {"type": "Point","coordinates": [103.52235674858093,1.5047071945699058{"type": "Feature","properties": {"marker-color": "#002680","marker-size": "medium","marker-symbol": "building","title": "新市鎮花園","description": "Taman Utama""geometry": {"type": "Point","coordinates": [103.52614402770996,1.5039671600296163{"type": "Feature","properties": {"marker-color": "#002680","marker-size": "medium","marker-symbol": "building","title": "康樂園","description": "Taman Gemilang""geometry": {"type": "Point","coordinates": [103.52437376976013,1.5061765377679075{"type": "Feature","properties": {"marker-color": "#002680","marker-size": "medium","marker-symbol": "building","title": "鳳梨花園","description": "Taman Sri Nanas""geometry": {"type": "Point","coordinates": [103.517507314682,1.5091259463053412{"type": "Feature","properties": {"marker-color": "#002680","marker-size": "medium","marker-symbol": "building","title": "凱達益花園","description": "Taman Hidayat""geometry": {"type": "Point","coordinates": [103.5188376903534,1.5101233817424096{"type": "Feature","properties": {"marker-color": "#002680","marker-size": "medium","marker-symbol": "building","title": "麗雅花園","description": "Taman Ria""geometry": {"type": "Point","coordinates": [103.51933121681213,1.5085575151526878{"type": "Feature","properties": {"marker-color": "#002680","marker-size": "medium","marker-symbol": "building","title": "家樂花園","description": "Taman Kiara""geometry": {"type": "Point","coordinates": [103.53127241134644,1.504031510869172{"type": "Feature","properties": {"marker-color": "#002680","marker-size": "medium","marker-symbol": "building","title": "白沙羅花園","description": "Taman Seri Damansara""geometry": {"type": "Point","coordinates": [103.5056734085083,1.5120753508428715{"type": "Feature","properties": {"marker-color": "#002680","marker-size": "medium","marker-symbol": "building","title": "聖淘沙花園","description": "Taman Sri Sentosa""geometry": {"type": "Point","coordinates": [103.51762533187866,1.5180599484526565{"type": "Feature","properties": {"marker-color": "#002680","marker-size": "medium","marker-symbol": "building","title": "幸福花園","description": "Taman Tuah""geometry": {"type": "Point","coordinates": [103.51640224456787,1.505275626727449{"type": "Feature","properties": {"marker-color": "#002680","marker-size": "medium","marker-symbol": "building","title": "76間花園","description": "Taman Sri Kiambang""geometry": {"type": "Point","coordinates": [103.51170837879181,1.5128261077219256{"type": "Feature","properties": {"marker-color": "#000000","marker-size": "medium","marker-symbol": "building","title": "? 舊振東家對面花園","description": "Taman Syabas ( Jln. Sawah )""geometry": {"type": "Point","coordinates": [103.51155817508696,1.5120324504419367{"type": "Feature","properties": {"marker-color": "#002680","marker-size": "medium","marker-symbol": "building","title": "平民村","description": "Kampung Peng Meng""geometry": {"type": "Point","coordinates": [103.52047920227051,1.5119895500401623{"type": "Feature","properties": {"marker-color": "#002680","marker-size": "medium","marker-symbol": "building","title": "花園別墅","description": "Taman Villa""geometry": {"type": "Point","coordinates": [103.51099491119383,1.519368406657314{"type": "Feature","properties": {"marker-color": "#002680","marker-size": "medium","marker-symbol": "building","title": "鴻福花園3","description": "Taman Sri Bahagia 3""geometry": {"type": "Point","coordinates": [103.50103855133057,1.5120431755422499]]北幹那那鎮以華人人口居多，住宅區以新村為中心分佈在周邊，花園社群密佈，主要的房屋形式為排屋及店屋，以及一些少數的洋房。早期北幹那那主要的花園住宅區為四季花園等。開發至今，分佈在北幹那那周邊的花園住宅區和社群已達30餘左右，其中包括：基礎建設.北幹那那前任村長鄭文貴將北幹那那新村稱作為一個“移民村”，因為幾乎所有村民都是從散居周邊地區搬遷過來，並由各個籍貫人士組成。新村成立的60年代期間，水源透過從井裡打水作為食水電力則是由私人的南方電力公司發電，且僅提供至午夜。他也表示，北幹那那新村的特色是房子和道路規劃得井井有條，新村可劃分為A區3個區域。新村從成立至80年代之前有80至90%道路都是黃泥路，後來經過政府撥款才逐步提升至柏油路。新村也有完善的基本設施如警局、診所、郵政局、小學、小型巴剎及籃球場等。北幹那那新村幾乎所有的神廟都是從外地遷移進來的，其中包括原先位於西陽港的西陽伯公宮、美豐園的聖德廟、甘榜宜蘭峇株的而南伯公宮。北幹那那附近沒有商場，不過設有宜康省霸級市場。北幹那那附近也有一間黃梨博物館。教育.各華文小學的資料截至2020年2月，如下表所示：交通.北幹那那主要的聯外道路為士姑來笨珍快速公路，俗稱“柔佛路”，沿著公路可前往南北大道南段高速公路的古來交通樞紐，以及古來的西部。政治.北幹那那屬於丹絨比艾國會議席，該議席在馬來西亞下議院的代表為來自國陣馬華公會的黃日升，他也是現任馬來西亞種植及原產業部第一副部長。同時，北幹那那屬於以其命名的北幹那那州議席，該議席在柔佛州議會的代表為來自希盟行動黨的楊敦祥。