諾貝爾化學獎得主列表

諾貝爾化學獎 。該獎每年於12月10日，即阿爾弗雷德·諾貝爾逝世週年紀念日，以隆重的儀式在斯德哥爾摩頒發。就獲獎領域而言，有至少25名獲獎者在有機化學研究中做出貢獻，比其他化學領域的獲獎者都多。有兩位諾貝爾化學獎獲獎者，德國的裡夏德·庫恩。20世紀獲獎者."[for his] discovery of the inert gaseous elements in air, and his determination of their place in the periodic system""[for] the advancement of organic chemistry and the chemical industry, through his work on organic dyes and hydroaromatic compounds""[for his] investigation and isolation of the element fluorine, and for [the] electric furnace called after him""for his biochemical researches and his discovery of cell-free fermentation""for his investigations into the disintegration of the elements, and the chemistry of radioactive substances""[for] his work on catalysis and for his investigations into the fundamental principles governing chemical equilibria and rates of reaction""[for] his services to organic chemistry and the chemical industry by his pioneer work in the field of alicyclic compounds""[for] the discovery of the elements radium and polonium, by the isolation of radium and the study of the nature and compounds of this remarkable element""for the discovery of the [...] Grignard reagent""for his method of hydrogenating organic compounds in the presence of finely disintegrated metals""[for] his work on the linkage of atoms in molecules [...] especially in inorganic chemistry""[for] his accurate determinations of the atomic weight of a large number of chemical elements""for his researches on plant pigments, especially chlorophyll""for the synthesis of ammonia from its elements""[for] his work in thermochemistry""for his contributions to our knowledge of the chemistry of radioactive substances, and his investigations into the origin and nature of isotopes""for his discovery, by means of his mass spectrograph, of isotopes, in a large number of non-radioactive elements, and for his enunciation of the whole-number rule""for his invention of the method of micro-analysis of organic substances"匈牙利"for his demonstration of the heterogeneous nature of colloid solutions and for the methods he used""for his work on disperse systems""for his investigations of the constitution of the bile acids and related substances""[for] his research into the constitution of the sterols and their connection with the vitamins""for their investigations on the fermentation of sugar and fermentative enzymes""for his researches into the constitution of haemin and chlorophyll and especially for his synthesis of haemin""[for] their contributions to the invention and development of chemical high pressure methods""for his discoveries and investigations in surface chemistry""for his discovery of heavy hydrogen""[for] their synthesis of new radioactive elements""[for his work on] molecular structure through his investigations on dipole moments and the diffraction of X-rays and electrons in gases""for his investigations on carbohydrates and vitamin C""for his investigations on carotenoids, flavins and vitamins A and B2""for his work on carotenoids and vitamins""for his work on sex hormones""for his work on polymethylenes and higher terpenes""for his work on the use of isotopes as tracers in the study of chemical processes""for his discovery of the fission of heavy nuclei""for his research and inventions in agricultural and nutrition chemistry, especially for his fodder preservation method""for his discovery that enzymes can be crystallized""for their preparation of enzymes and virus proteins in a pure form""for his investigations on plant products of biological importance, especially the alkaloids""for his research on electrophoresis and adsorption analysis, especially for his discoveries concerning the complex nature of the serum proteins""for his contributions in the field of chemical thermodynamics, particularly concerning the behaviour of substances at extremely low temperatures""for their discovery and development of the diene synthesis""for their discoveries in the chemistry of transuranium elements""for their invention of partition chromatography""for his discoveries in the field of macromolecular chemistry""for his research into the nature of the chemical bond and its application to the elucidation of the structure of complex substances""for his work on biochemically important sulphur compounds, especially for the first synthesis of a polypeptide hormone""for their researches into the mechanism of chemical reactions""for his work on nucleotides and nucleotide co-enzymes""for his work on the structure of proteins, especially that of insulin""for his discovery and development of the polarographic methods of analysis""for his method to use carbon-14 for age determination in archaeology, geology, geophysics, and other branches of science""for his research on the carbon dioxide assimilation in plants""for their studies of the structures of globular proteins""for their discoveries in the field of the chemistry and technology of high polymers""for her determinations by X-ray techniques of the structures of important biochemical substances""for his outstanding achievements in the art of organic synthesis""for his fundamental work concerning chemical bonds and the electronic structure of molecules by the molecular orbital method""for their studies of extremely fast chemical reactions, effected by disturbing the equilibrium by means of very short pulses of energy""for the discovery of the reciprocal relations bearing his name, which are fundamental for the thermodynamics of irreversible processes""for their contributions to the development of the concept of conformation and its application in chemistry""for his discovery of sugar nucleotides and their role in the biosynthesis of carbohydrates""for his contributions to the knowledge of electronic structure and geometry of molecules, particularly free radicals""for his work on ribonuclease, especially concerning the connection between the amino acid sequence and the biologically active conformation""for their contribution to the understanding of the connection between chemical structure and catalytic activity of the active centre of the ribonuclease molecule""for their pioneering work, performed independently, on the chemistry of the organometallic, so called sandwich compounds""for his fundamental work, both theoretical and experimental, in the physical chemistry of macromolecules""for his work on the stereochemistry of enzyme-catalyzed reactions""for his research into the stereochemistry of organic molecules and reactions""for his studies on the structure of boranes illuminating problems of chemical bonding""for his contributions to non-equilibrium thermodynamics, particularly the theory of dissipative structures""for his contribution to the understanding of biological energy transfer through the formulation of the chemiosmotic theory""for their development of the use of boron- and phosphorus-containing compounds, respectively, into important reagents in organic synthesis""for his fundamental studies of the biochemistry of nucleic acids, with particular regard to recombinant-DNA""for their contributions concerning the determination of base sequences in nucleic acids""for their theories, developed independently, concerning the course of chemical reactions""for his development of crystallographic electron microscopy and his structural elucidation of biologically important nucleic acid-protein complexes""for his work on the mechanisms of electron transfer reactions, especially in metal complexes""for his development of methodology for chemical synthesis on a solid matrix""for their outstanding achievements in developing direct methods for the determination of crystal structures""for their contributions concerning the dynamics of chemical elementary processes""for their development and use of molecules with structure-specific interactions of high selectivity""for their determination of the three-dimensional structure of a photosynthetic reaction centre""for their discovery of catalytic properties of RNA""for his development of the theory and methodology of organic synthesis""for his contributions to the development of the methodology of high resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy""for his contributions to the theory of electron transfer reactions in chemical systems""for contributions to the developments of methods within DNA-based chemistry [...] for his invention of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method""for contributions to the developments of methods within DNA-based chemistry [...] for his fundamental contributions to the establishment of oligonucleotide-based, site-directed mutagenesis and its development for protein studies"匈牙利"for his contribution to carbocation chemistry""for their work in atmospheric chemistry, particularly concerning the formation and decomposition of ozone""for their discovery of fullerenes""for their elucidation of the enzymatic mechanism underlying the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)""for the first discovery of an ion-transporting enzyme, Na+, K+ -ATPase""for his development of the density-functional theory""for his development of computational methods in quantum chemistry""for his studies of the transition states of chemical reactions using femtosecond spectroscopy""for their discovery and development of conductive polymers"註釋.^ A. 這裡的中文姓名是根據諾貝爾基金會的官方主頁提供英文名字的翻譯，對於得獎者的原名或其他名字，可從該得獎者的條目中瞭解。華人或日本人姓名按中文和日文姓名習慣翻譯。儘可能提供了每一位獲獎者的照片；如果需要，可以到諾貝爾基金會的官方主頁上查詢每一位獲獎者的照片。^ B. 這裡的國家資訊是根據諾貝爾基金會的官方主頁提供的資訊列出，並不一定為得獎者現在的國籍或出生地。^ C. 這裡所引用的獲獎理由是根據諾貝爾基金會的官方主頁提供的英文原文翻譯列出，英文原文被列於中文翻譯之後以供查對。這一欄中的條目連結是與獲獎者的獲獎原因相關的研究領域與歷史；這些連結這是作為指引和解釋，需要了解每一位獲獎者的具體工作，請由名字一欄中的連結到對應得獎者的條目中檢視，或到諾貝爾基金會的官方主頁中相關獲獎者的頁面中檢視。^ D. 已於1994年放棄。