諾貝爾生理學或醫學獎得主列表

諾貝爾生理學或醫學獎得主列表，是諾貝爾生理學或醫學獎的得主列表。諾貝爾生理學或醫學獎於1901年首次頒發，得主是德國科學家埃米爾·阿道夫·馮·貝林。每一位獲獎者都會得到一塊獎牌，一份獲獎證書，以及一筆不菲的獎金，獎金的數額每年會有變化。例如，1901年，馮·貝林得到的獎金為150,782瑞典克朗，相當於2008年12月的7,731,004瑞典克朗；而2008年，哈拉爾德·楚爾·豪森、弗朗索瓦絲·巴爾-西諾西和呂克·蒙塔尼分享了總數為一千萬瑞典克朗的獎金。該獎於每年12月10日，即阿爾弗雷德·諾貝爾逝世週年紀念日，以隆重的儀式在斯德哥爾摩頒發。諾貝爾生理學或醫學獎得主的研究領域分佈相當廣。截至2021年，有8項獎被授予以G蛋白和第二信使的訊號轉導領域的貢獻，有15名獲獎者來自神經生物學領域，而有13名則在中間代謝研究中做出貢獻。1939年的獲獎者，德國人格哈德·多馬克，被其政府禁止領獎。雖然後來他得到了獎牌和獲獎證書，卻沒有得到獎金。截至2022年，共有225人獲得過諾貝爾生理學或醫學獎。截至2023年，共有12位女性獲得該獎項，人數僅次於17名的和平獎和14名的文學獎，是女性得主第三多的諾貝爾獎項，她們是格蒂·科裡。該獎有9年因故停發。20世紀獲獎者.1901年至1950年."in recognition of his work on the physiology of digestion, through which knowledge on vital aspects of the subject has been transformed and enlarged""for his investigations and discoveries in relation to tuberculosis""in recognition of their work on the structure of the nervous system""in recognition of his work on the role played by protozoa in causing diseases""in recognition of their work on immunity""for his work on the physiology, pathology and surgery of the thyroid gland""in recognition of the contributions to our knowledge of cell chemistry made through his work on proteins, including the nucleic substances""for his work on the dioptrics of the eye""[for] his work on vascular suture and the transplantation of blood vessels and organs""[for] his work on anaphylaxis""for his work on the physiology and pathology of the vestibular apparatus""for his discoveries relating to immunity""for his discovery of the capillary motor regulating mechanism""for his discovery relating to the production of heat in the muscle""for his discovery of the fixed relationship between the consumption of oxygen and the metabolism of lactic acid in the muscle""for the discovery of the mechanism of the electrocardiogram""for his discovery of the "Spiroptera carcinoma"""for his discovery of the therapeutic value of malaria inoculation in the treatment of dementia paralytica""for his work on typhus""for his discovery of the antineuritic vitamin""for his discovery of the growth-stimulating vitamin""for his discovery of human blood groups""for his discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme""for their discoveries regarding the functions of neurons""for his discoveries concerning the role played by the chromosome in heredity""for their discoveries concerning liver therapy in cases of anaemia""for his discovery of the organizer effect in embryonic development""for their discoveries relating to chemical transmission of nerve impulses""for his discoveries in connection with the biological combustion processes, with special reference to vitamin C and the catalysis of fumaric acid""for the discovery of the role played by the sinus and aortic mechanisms in the regulation of respiration""for the discovery of the antibacterial effects of prontosil""for his discovery of vitamin K""for his discovery of the chemical nature of vitamin K""for their discoveries relating to the highly differentiated functions of single nerve fibres""for the discovery of penicillin and its curative effect in various infectious diseases""for the discovery of the production of mutations by means of X-ray irradiation""for their discovery of the course of the catalytic conversion of glycogen""for his discovery of the part played by the hormone of the anterior pituitary lobe in the metabolism of sugar""for his discovery of the high efficiency of DDT as a contact poison against several arthropods""for his discovery of the functional organization of the interbrain as a coordinator of the activities of the internal organs""for his discovery of the therapeutic value of leucotomy in certain psychoses""for their discoveries relating to the hormones of the adrenal cortex, their structure and biological effects"註釋.^ A. 這裡的中文姓名是根據諾貝爾基金會的官方主頁提供英文名字的翻譯，對於得獎者的原名或其他名字，可從該得獎者的條目中瞭解。華人或日本人姓名按中文和日文姓名習慣翻譯。儘可能提供了每一位獲獎者的照片；如果需要，可以到諾貝爾基金會的官方主頁上查詢每一位獲獎者的照片。^ B. 這裡的國家資訊是根據諾貝爾基金會的官方主頁提供的資訊列出，並不一定為得獎者真實的國籍或出生地。^ C. 這裡所引用的獲獎理由是根據諾貝爾基金會的官方主頁提供的英文原文翻譯列出，英文原文被列於中文翻譯之後以供查對。這一欄中的條目連結是與獲獎者的獲獎原因相關的研究領域與歷史；這些連結這是作為指引和解釋，需要了解每一位獲獎者的具體工作，請由名字一欄中的連結到對應得獎者的條目中檢視，或到諾貝爾基金會的官方主頁中相關獲獎者的頁面中檢視。