sentence: Dissociations between reading and spelling deficits can be observed in the general population ( Bogdanowicz 2011 ; Fayol et al. 2009 ; Moll and Landerl 2009 ; Moll et al. 2014 ) , with slightly different prevalence rates across countries due to different national diagnostic criteria , different tests , and orthographic transparency.Previous studies have shown that children with ISD exhibit altered activity of structures belonging to a sublexical stream of word processing ( Borkowska et al. 2014 ; Banfi et al. 2019 ) and difficulties in phonological awareness ( Wimmer and Mayringer 2002 ; D ö hla et al. 2018 ; Torppa et al. 2017 ) .