The cities founded , despite defeats in the Arauco War , were : Santiago ( 1541 ) , La Serena ( 1544 ) , Concepción ( 1551 ) , La Imperial , Valdivia , Villarrica ( 1552 ) , Los Confines ( 1553 ) , Cañete ( 1557 ) , Osorno ( 1558 ) , Arauco ( 1566 ) , Castro ( 1567 ) , Chillán ( 1580 ) , and Santa Cruz de Oñez ( 1595 ) .
Some cities were founded after the War of Arauco : Santiago ( 1541 ) , La Serena ( 1544 ) , Concepción ( 1551 ) , La Imperial , Valdivia , Villarrica ( 1552 ) , Los Confines ( 1553 ) , Cañete ( 1557 ) , Osorno ( 1558 ) , Arauco ( 1566 ) , Castro ( 1567 ) , Chillán ( 1580 ) and Santa Cruz de Oñez ( 1595 ) .