Do you want to drive a car or motorcycle in New York State?
Yes
should   be at least 16 years old 1 and   have a valid New York State driver's license or learner's permit
and can you handle a minor?
of course but you must be at least 16 years old
and another thing I want to have information about the licenses of people who are not residents of New York
You can drive in New York State with a valid driver's license from another state or country. You do not need to apply for a New York State driver's license unless you become a New York State resident.
and would you need to have an international license?
If you have a driver's license from another country, you don't need to have an International Driving Permit, but it is useful. The permit verifies in multiple languages that you have a valid driver's license. Police officers who cannot read the language of their foreign driver's license will be able to read the permit.
and what if my license was issued outside the US?
You must apply for a new original New York State driver's license at a DMV office. See Get a driver's license
What if I have a New York State learner's permit or one issued in another state?
must follow New York State permit restrictions
and consider themselves the students, residents of new york?