Annual Report (Form 10-K), fiscal year 1994

Item 1. Business.
The Company
Michigan Bell Telephone Company (Company), incorporated under the laws of the State of Michigan, has its principal office at 444 Michigan Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48226 (telephone number 313-223-9900). The Company is a wholly owned subsidiary of Ameritech Corporation (Ameritech), a Delaware Corporation. Ameritech is the parent of the Company; Illinois Bell Telephone Company; Indiana Bell Telephone Company, Incorporated; The Ohio Bell Telephone Company and Wisconsin Bell, Inc. (referred to collectively as the "Ameritech landline telephone subsidiaries"), as well as several other communications businesses, and has its principal executive offices at 30 South Wacker Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60606 (telephone number 312-750-5000). The Company is managed by its sole shareowner rather than a Board of Directors as permitted by Michigan law.
1994 was the first full year in which Ameritech operated its redesigned business within the framework of a customer-specific business unit strategy, delivering specialized services to various categories of customers, each with unique requirements. The functions of the business units, which include consumer, business, cellular, advertising and leasing services, as well as services provided to other companies in the telecommunications industry, overlap the legal entities, including the Company, which form the infrastructure of Ameritech. The products and services of all the business units are marketed under the "Ameritech" brand identity, but Ameritech's five landline telephone subsidiaries remain responsible within their respective service areas for providing phone and other telecommunications services, subject to regulation by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) and the five respective state public utility commissions. The Company is regionally identified as Ameritech Michigan.
Operations Under Line-of-Business Restrictions
The operations of the Company are subject to the requirements of a consent decree entitled "Modification of Final Judgment" (Consent Decree) approved by the United States District Court for the District of Columbia (Court) in August 1982. The Consent Decree arose out of antitrust litigation brought by the Department of Justice (DOJ) and required AT&T Corp. (AT&T), formerly named American Telephone and Telegraph Company, to divest itself of those assets relating to exchange telecommunications, exchange access functions, printed directories and cellular mobile communications. The Consent Decree, together with the Court approved Plan of Reorganization (Plan), outlined the method of divestiture and established restrictions on the post-divestiture activities of the seven regional holding companies (RHCs), including Ameritech, formed to receive AT&T's divested assets. Effective January 1, 1984, AT&T transferred to Ameritech its 100% ownership of the exchange telecommunications, exchange access and printed directory advertising portions of the Ameritech landline telephone subsidiaries, as well as a cellular mobile communications company.
The Consent Decree, as originally approved, prohibited the RHCs from providing long-distance telecommunications services or information services, manufacturing telecommunications equipment, or providing any product or service, except exchange telecommunications and exchange access service, that is not a natural monopoly service actually regulated by tariff. The Consent Decree allowed the RHCs to provide printed directory advertising and to provide, but not manufacture, customer premises equipment.
Over time, the Court granted waivers to the RHCs to engage in otherwise prohibited lines of business upon a showing to the Court that there was no substantial possibility that the company could use its monopoly power to impede competition in the market it sought to enter. In decisions handed down in September 1987 and March 1988, the Court continued prohibitions relating to equipment manufacture and long-distance services. The rulings allowed limited provision of information services by transmission of information and provision of information gateways, but excluded generation or manipulation of information content. In addition, the rulings eliminated the need for a waiver for entry into non-telephone related businesses. In July 1991, the Court lifted the information services ban, but stayed the effect of the decision pending outcome of the appeals process. Soon after, the stay was lifted on appeal and in July 1993, the U.S. Court of Appeals unanimously upheld the Court's order allowing the RHCs to
produce and package information for sale across business and home phone lines. In November 1993, the U.S. Supreme Court declined to review the lower court ruling.
In July 1994, four of the RHCs (Ameritech was not a participant) filed a motion in the Court to vacate the entire Consent Decree. The filing was supported by numerous affidavits from consultants to the companies which largely suggested that RHC entry into restricted markets would not impede competition in those markets, but actually spur competition and result in lower prices for consumers. After a brief review by the Court, the matter was referred to the DOJ which has taken comments from interested parties as part of an extensive fact finding effort. The DOJ's recommendation is expected in late 1995 or early 1996. Ameritech is pursuing its own unique strategy to enter new businesses. Ameritech's Customers First plan is discussed in the section on Competition.
Several bills have been introduced in Congress which have called for the modification or elimination of restrictions set by the Consent Decree. It is impossible for the Company to predict either the probability of passage or the impact of any new legislation on the business.
The Company furnishes a wide variety of advanced telecommunications services, including local exchange and toll service, network access and telecommunications products, in an operating area comprised of 3 Local Access and Transport Areas (LATAs) in Michigan. These LATAs are generally centered on a city or other identifiable community of interest, and each LATA marks the boundary within which the Company may provide telephone service. The Company provides two basic types of telecommunications services. First, it transports telecommunications traffic between a subscriber's equipment and the telephone exchange offices located within the same LATA (intraLATA service). These services include local exchange, private line and intraLATA toll services (including 800 and special services for data, radio and video transport). Second, it provides exchange access service, which links a subscriber's telephone or other equipment to the network of transmission facilities of long-distance carriers, which in turn provide telecommunications service between LATAs (interLATA, or long-distance, service).
About 82% of the population and 42% of the area of Michigan is served by the Company. The remainder of the state is served by nonaffiliated telephone companies. Muskegon is the only city of over 50,000 population in the State in which local service is furnished by a nonaffiliated telephone company.
The Company provides billing and collection services for several companies, including billing for long-distance services offered by certain long-distance carriers. The Company also provides directory assistance, local and toll operator services, including collect calls, third number billing, person-to-person and calling card calls, and offers such digital network services as voice-mail, on-line database access and fax messaging, document sharing functions, and video-conferencing for desktop computers.
The following table sets forth the number of access lines served by the Company at the end of each of the last five years:
The Company has certain agreements with Ameritech Publishing, Inc. (API), an Ameritech subsidiary, under which the Company will furnish to API certain services and data to be used by API in producing and distributing classified and alphabetical directories. In exchange, the Company will receive a fixed fee plus compensation for the services and data.
Ameritech Services Inc. (ASI) is a company jointly owned by the Company and the other Ameritech landline telephone subsidiaries. ASI provides to those companies human resources, technical, marketing, regulatory planning, and real estate asset management services, purchasing and material management support, as well as labor contract bargaining oversight and coordination. ASI acts as a shared resource for the Ameritech subsidiaries providing operational support for the Ameritech landline telephone subsidiaries and integrated communications and information systems for all the business units.
In 1994, about 92% of the total operating revenues of the Company were from telecommunications services and the remainder principally from billing and collection services, rents, directory advertising and other miscellaneous nonregulated operations. About 69% of the revenues from telecommunications services were attributable to intrastate operations.
Regulatory Environment - Federal
The Company is subject to the jurisdiction of the FCC with respect to interstate services. The FCC prescribes for communications companies a uniform system of accounts, rules for apportioning costs between regulated and nonregulated services and the principles and standard procedures (separations procedures) used to separate regulated property costs, revenues, expenses, taxes and reserves between those applicable to interstate services under the jurisdiction of the FCC and those applicable to intrastate services under the jurisdiction of the respective state regulatory authorities.
Access Services
The Company provides access services that allow long-distance carriers and other customers to originate and terminate interstate and intrastate telecommunications services using the facilities of the Company. These charges recover the Company's access-related costs allocated to the two jurisdictions under the FCC's jurisdictional cost allocation rules. Access charges are of four types: common line, switched access, trunking and special access. There are no common line charges applicable to intrastate operations.
The common line portion of interstate costs is recovered through separate charges applied to end users (monthly end user common line charges) and the long-distance carriers. The FCC has authorized end user common line charges of up to $3.50 per access line per month for residential and single line business customers and up to $6.00 per access line per month for multiple line business customers.
Effective January 1, 1994, rates for local transport services were restructured and a new trunking service category was created. Trunking services consist of two types: those associated with the local transport element of switched access and those associated with special access. Trunking services associated with switched access handle the transmission of traffic between a customer's premises and an Ameritech end office where local switching occurs. Trunking services associated with special access handle the transmission of telecommunications services between any two customer-designated premises or between a customer-designated premise and a Company end office where multiplexing, the transmission of two or more signals over a single channel, occurs. Special access charges are monthly charges assessed to customers for access to private line services.
Effective January 1, 1991, the FCC adopted a new system for regulating the interstate rates of local exchange carriers, including the Company, establishing a price cap mechanism that sets maximum limits on the prices they can charge. The limits are adjusted each year to reflect inflation, a productivity factor and certain other cost changes. Local exchange carriers subject to price caps have increased flexibility to change the prices of existing services within certain groupings of interstate services. Local exchange carriers which operate under price caps are allowed to elect annually by April 1 a productivity offset factor of 3.3% or 4.3%. If the lower offset is chosen, such carriers will be allowed to earn up to a 12.25% overall rate of return without sharing. If such carriers earn between 12.25% and 16.25%, half of the earnings in this range will be flowed through to customers in the form of a lower price cap index in the following year. All earnings over 16.25% would be flowed through to customers. If such carriers elect a 4.3% productivity offset, all earnings below 13.25% may be retained, earnings up to 17.25% would be shared, and earnings over 17.25% would flow through to customers. Since price caps were implemented, Ameritech has chosen the 3.3% offset.
In February 1994, the FCC initiated its review of price cap regulation. The FCC identified three broad sets of issues for examination including those related to the basic goals of price cap regulation, the operation of price caps and the transition of local exchange services to a fully competitive market. In the course of this proceeding, the Ameritech landline telephone subsidiaries have advocated the elimination of earnings sharing, increased pricing flexibility, and no change to the productivity factor.
Other Matters
In June 1994, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia overturned a 1992 FCC decision requiring local exchange carriers to provide space within their central office switching centers for physical collocation by competitive access providers, long-distance carriers and end users. The court also told the FCC to reconsider its requirement that local exchange carriers allow competitors to arrange virtual collocation, interconnection adjacent to but not in a central office. In light of this decision, Ameritech has re-examined its collocation policy and the Ameritech landline telephone subsidiaries are now offering virtual collocation.
Regulatory Environment - State
The Company is also subject to regulation by the Michigan Public Service Commission (MPSC) with respect to certain intrastate rates and services, issuance of securities and other matters. Ameritech's regulatory environment is recognized as one of the nation's most progressive and in 1994, it became the first regional company to replace rate of return regulation with pure price regulation throughout its region.
Under the Michigan Telecommunications Act of 1991, effective January 1, 1992 for a four-year period, there is no cap on earnings or depreciation. The prices of basic services, defined as residence and business access lines and local calling, are subject to a price cap formula based on the Consumer Price Index (CPI minus 1%) and can be changed upon MPSC approval within a period from 90 days (for changes within the index) to 210 days (for changes falling outside the index). IntraLATA toll prices are capped through December 31, 1995 at December 31, 1991 levels. Intrastate access rates cannot exceed the levels for the comparable interstate access services without MPSC approval. Prices of many other services (e.g. custom calling, advanced custom calling, Caller ID and voice mail private line) can be changed immediately upon notice to customers. Ameritech has committed to a $2 billion construction-related program (capital investment and related expenses) in Michigan extending through 1995.
Other Matters
In addition, the Company is a party to various proceedings pending before the MPSC which involve, among other things, terms and conditions of services provided by the Company, intraLATA dialing parity, terms for interconnecting networks, and reciprocal compensation arrangements (compensation to be exchanged with competitive local service providers for terminating other carriers' calls.)
Competition
General
The telecommunications industry is undergoing significant changes. Local exchange and long-distance service companies, cable TV companies, cellular service companies, computer concerns and the entertainment and information services industries are converging, forming alliances and positioning to provide a variety of services. Regulatory, legislative and judicial decisions and technological advances, as well as heightened customer interest in advanced telecommunications services, have expanded the types of available communications services and products, as well as the number of companies offering such services. Market convergence, already a reality, is intensifying.
Ameritech has positioned itself for success in the competitive market through a number of initiatives. Ameritech has aggressively promoted its Customers First plan, agreeing to open its network to all competitors in exchange for being allowed to enter the long-distance market. Such a trade-off is a core principle of legislation that was considered by Congress in 1994 and will be debated again in 1995. Ameritech has been successful in achieving more flexibility on profits and pricing in Michigan and throughout the region. New regulatory policies allow the Company to keep profits resulting from improved efficiency. Achieving price regulation in the region and recognizing increased competition, the Company and the other Ameritech landline telephone subsidiaries adopted accounting used by competitive companies, discontinuing the use of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 71, (FAS 71) "Accounting for the Effects of Certain Types of Regulation," and increasing the Company's depreciation reserve to reflect lower values for assets in a competitive market. Internally, the Company
has streamlined its processes, reduced staffing and cut other costs to make Ameritech the most efficient of the RHCs.
Local Market
New technologies have opened up competition in the local market. These technologies include coaxial cable used to deliver cable TV, fiber-optic cable used to upgrade the capacity of the current telephone network, and cellular telephone systems.
US Signal, Inc. has permission to offer local phone services in Grand Rapids. Additional certification requests are pending. MCI Communications Corp., backed by investor British Telecom, plans to begin offering local phone service in Chicago, Detroit, Indianapolis, Cleveland, Dayton and Columbus, starting in 1996. MFS Communications Company, Inc. has applied for certification to provide local service in the Detroit metropolitan area in mid-1995.
AT&T and other long-distance companies are pursuing the Company's intraLATA toll business, promoting discounts to encourage customers to use their service instead of the Company's. Ameritech has responded with advertising to counter those initiatives.
Providers of cellular services and personal communications services (PCS) also constitute potential competition to the Company as well as to Ameritech's cellular services business unit. The FCC licenses two carriers in each cellular market area. In Michigan, AirTouch Communications, Inc. (AirTouch) provides cellular service in competition with Ameritech. In 1994, a number of companies allied to form expanded cellular networks. AT&T acquired McCaw Cellular Communications, Inc., the largest domestic cellular communications company, creating the possibility of a wireless network with nationwide presence and brand-name recognition. US West, Inc. (US West) and AirTouch plan to merge their cellular operations, as do Bell Atlantic Corporation (Bell Atlantic) and NYNEX Corporation (NYNEX). The combined US West/AirTouch and Bell Atlantic/NYNEX entities subsequently allied their cellular networks and agreed to jointly bid for PCS licenses. In addition, Sprint Communications Co. formed a joint venture with cable companies Tele-Communications, Inc., Comcast Corp. and Cox Cable Communications, Inc. to offer alternative wireless and landline local telephone service.
In March 1995, the FCC concluded its auction, which began in late 1994, of over 2,000 licenses for PCS. Various telecommunications groups, including almost all the nation's largest telephone and cable companies, competed for licenses to offer PCS in Ameritech's service region. At the conclusion of the PCS major trading area license auctions, AT&T and the Sprint consortium were the winners of PCS licenses in the Company's coverage area. The Company may also face additional competition from wireless technology that may be developed and introduced in the future.
Though most wireless calls still need to interconnect with the existing wire-based telecommunications infrastructure, legislation permitting cable TV companies to enter the local voice communications market would provide a competing wireline infrastructure for cellular service providers. Alliances have been formed between certain RHCs and large cable concerns which are operating cable TV systems throughout the United States.
In addition, the FCC has awarded licenses to several companies which hope to launch low earth orbit satellites that could be reached directly by a new generation of telephones, paging devices and fax machines.
In this highly competitive era, the cable industry is consolidating in the hands of a few companies anxious to compete with the telephone companies as the two industries converge. In October 1994, a U.S. District Court in Illinois ruled in favor of Ameritech in the Company's challenge, filed in November 1993, to the video programming ban of the Cable Communications Policy Act of 1984. Ameritech initially filed motions in federal courts in Michigan and Illinois questioning the constitutionality of provisions that bar companies from providing cable TV services and traditional video programming where they also provide local telephone service. The cases subsequently were consolidated in the Illinois court. The court's ruling applies throughout Ameritech's five state region. Ameritech was the fourth RHC to win the right to provide cable services.
Regulatory Relief Strategy
Customers First: Ameritech's Advanced Universal Access Plan
Regulatory reform continues to be one of the most significant issues facing the telecommunications industry today. Ameritech believes that relief from regulation will benefit customers and ultimately shareowners by enabling the industry to compete effectively and meet customers' expanding needs. To that end, Ameritech has offered its Customers First plan.
Barred from offering long-distance service by the Consent Decree, in October 1994 Ameritech took another step in its efforts to provide a full range of communications services by requesting Illinois Commerce Commission (ICC) certification to offer long-distance services throughout Illinois. In its filing with the ICC, Ameritech requested permission to offer long-distance service using its own network facilities or network capacity obtained from other sources. Ameritech intends to offer a broad range of long-distance services, from consumer short- and long-haul long-distance, to 800 service and special high-capacity services used by large businesses.
In March 1993, Ameritech unveiled its Customers First plan, becoming the first company in the U.S. communications industry to voluntarily offer to open its local network to competitors. In the plan, filed with the FCC and the ICC, Ameritech proposed to change the way local telecommunications services are provided and regulated and to furnish a policy framework for advanced universal access to modern telecommunications services -- voice, data and video information. Ameritech wants to facilitate competition in the local exchange business by allowing other service providers to purchase components of its network and to repackage them with their own services for resale. Ameritech believes this action is a predicate to entry into a currently prohibited business - long-distance service. In addition, Ameritech has asked for modifications to the current price cap rules and FCC approval to collect, in a competitively neutral manner, the social subsidies currently embedded in the rates the landline telephone companies charge long-distance carriers for network access. Under the plan, customers would be able to choose from competitive providers for local service as they now can choose a provider for long-distance service.
Ameritech currently is awaiting authorization from the DOJ and the U.S. District Court in Washington D.C. to proceed with a trial in certain areas of the Ameritech region under which it would provide both local and long-distance services, demonstrating conclusively the substantial customer and economic benefits of full competition. In January 1995, ICC hearing examiners issued a proposed order concerning implementation of the plan in the Chicago area, which Ameritech largely endorsed. To speed the DOJ's recommendation and the court's decision concerning Ameritech's entry into the long-distance market, Ameritech agreed to open its local phone network to competition without trying this agreement to its request to provide long-distance service. Ameritech is awaiting the ICC's final order.
Ameritech's Video Dial Tone Network
In December 1994, the FCC approved Ameritech's request to begin building a state-of-the-art digital video network capable of delivering multicast and interactive services to 6 million customers by the year 2001. Ameritech plans to spend $4.4 billion over the next 15 years to build the new network, which will be separate from the Ameritech landline telephone subsidiaries' local communications network. A computer network, fiber-optic and coaxial cable will be used to connect the homes, businesses, libraries and schools in the service territory.
In phase I of the video network project, Ameritech plans to offer service to about 1.2 million potential customers by the end of 1996 in 134 communities in its Midwest region. The network could be expanded to approximately 1 million additional potential customers in each of the next five years. Construction is expected to begin as soon as Ameritech secures permits from the local communities.
Ameritech will be only one of many users of the broadband network. A multitude of competing video information providers, businesses, institutions, long-distance carriers and video telephone customers will also have access to the technology. Under the FCC's action, Ameritech will act as a common carrier, transmitting programs from all sources willing to pay a transmission fee. Some of these programs could be supplied by ventures in which Ameritech has a financial interest. Although Federal regulations prevent Ameritech from providing its own programming, Ameritech is pursuing alliances and partnerships that will position it as a key participant in the emerging era of interactive video experiences, exploring a variety of services with many different suppliers of traditional cable TV offerings, video-on-
demand, home health care, interactive educational courses, distance learning, interactive games and shopping and other entertainment and information services.
Patents, Trademarks and Licenses
The Company, through its parent company, has rights to use various patents, copyrights and trademarks and other intellectual property which are necessary for it to conduct its present business operations. It is not anticipated that any of such property will be subject to expiration or nonrenewal of rights which would materially and adversely affect the Company.
Employee Relations
As of December 31, 1994, the Company employed 12,761 persons, a decrease from 14,561 at December 31, 1993. Work force restructuring at the Company reduced staffing by approximately 2,271 employees.
In late 1994, Ameritech updated its estimate of the results of the early retirement offer it made to its nonmanagement employees earlier in the year, bringing the total number of expected employee retirements and resignations to 11,500 by August 1995, including 2,787 employees of the Company. Under terms of agreements between Ameritech, the Communications Workers of America (CWA) and the International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers (IBEW), Ameritech implemented an enhancement to the Ameritech pension plan by adding three years to the age and the net credited service of eligible nonmanagement employees who will leave the business during a designated period ending in 1995. As of December 31, 1994, approximately 2,078 employees had left the Company under this program. In addition, 193 management employees left the payroll as a result of a work force restructuring program. Restructuring of the work force reflects recognition of technological improvements, consolidations and initiatives to balance cost structure with emerging competition.
Approximately 83% of the Company's employees are represented by the CWA which is affiliated with the AFL-CIO. When current contracts with the IBEW and CWA expire in June and August 1995, respectively, new contracts will be negotiated regionally.
Item 2.



Item 2. Properties.
The properties of the Company do not lend themselves to description by character and location of principal units. At December 31, 1994, the Company's investment in property, plant and equipment consisted of the following:
Central office equipment includes analog and digital switching equipment, transmission equipment and related facilities. Buildings includes principally central offices. Cable, wiring and conduit constitute outside plant, and includes poles as well as cable, conduit and wiring primarily on or under public roads, highways or streets or on or under private property. Substantially all of the installations of central office equipment and administrative offices are located in buildings owned by the Company and situated on property it owns. Many garages and business offices and some installations of central office equipment and administrative offices are in leased quarters.
As a result of an extensive review of Company assets and an assessment of future needs, the Company is selling, or will no longer use in the business, certain real estate, thereby reducing costs and improving asset utilization.
Capital Investment Plans
Capital expenditures, the single largest use of Company funds, were as follows for the last five years (in millions):
The Company has been making and expects to continue to make large capital expenditures to respond to the market's demand for a modern, efficient and productive network. The total investment in property, plant and equipment increased from about $7.0 billion at December 31, 1989, to about $7.6 billion at December 31, 1994, after giving effect to retirements but before deducting accumulated depreciation at either date.
Capital expenditures are expected to be about $327 million in 1995, including capital expenditures related to the Company's portion of Ameritech's video network upgrade program.
Item 3.

Item 3. Legal Proceedings.
Pre-Divestiture Contingent Liabilities Agreement
The Plan provides for the recognition and payment of liabilities that are attributable to pre-divestiture events (including transactions to implement the divestiture) but that do not become certain until after divestiture. These contingent liabilities relate principally to litigation and other claims with respect to the former Bell System's rates, taxes, contracts, equal employment matters, environmental matters and torts (including business torts, such as alleged violations of the antitrust laws).
With respect to such liabilities, under agreements entered into at divestiture, AT&T and the former Bell operating companies of AT&T (Bell Companies) will share the costs of any judgment or other determination of liability entered by a court or administrative agency, the costs of defending the claim (including attorneys' fees and court costs) and the cost of interest or penalties with respect to any such judgment or determination. Except to the extent that affected parties may otherwise agree, the general rule is that responsibility for such contingent liabilities will be divided among AT&T and the Bell Companies on the basis of their relative net investment (defined as total assets less reserves for depreciation) as of the effective date of divestiture. Different allocation rules apply to liabilities which relate exclusively to pre-divestiture interstate or intrastate operations. Effective in 1994, Ameritech and the other six RHCs agreed to discontinue sharing of new pre-divestiture claims and certain existing claims other than claims relating to environmental matters. AT&T is not a party to this agreement.
Although complete assurance cannot be given as to the outcome of any litigation, in the opinion of the Company's management any monetary liability or financial impact to which the Company would be subject after final adjudication of all of the foregoing actions would not be material in amount to the Company.
PART II
Item 6.



Item 6. Selected Financial and Operating Data.
MICHIGAN BELL TELEPHONE COMPANY Selected Financial and Operating Data (Dollars in Millions)
* As discussed in Note E to the financial statements, 1994 operating expenses include a nonmanagement work force restructuring charge of $174.4. ** As discussed in Note B, the Company had an extraordinary charge in 1994 of $599.1 for the discontinuance of FAS 71. As discussed in Note E, the Company had accounting changes in 1992 for FAS 106 and FAS 112 aggregating $448.4. # Effective August 1991 (MPSC No. U-9004), certain local calls from private line circuits were reclassified to Access Service. The years 1990-1991 have been restated to be on a comparable basis.
Item 7.

Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Results of Operations. (Dollars in Millions)
Following is a discussion and analysis of the results of operations of the Company for the year ended December 31, 1994 and for the year ended December 31, 1993, which is based on the Statements of Income and Reinvested Earnings (Deficit). Other pertinent data are also given in the Selected Financial and Operating Data.
Results of Operations
Revenues Total revenues increased by 2.3% to $2,854.7 in 1994. This increase was primarily attributable to higher landline telephone network usage resulting from access line growth, growth in custom calling features and increases in switched access minutes of use and toll messages. Rate reductions, primarily in the network access revenue categories, partially offset these increases.
Local service revenues include basic monthly service fees and usage charges, fees for custom-calling features, public phone revenues and installation and connection charges. Local service rates have generally been regulated by the Michigan Public Service Commission (MPSC).
Higher network usage increased local service revenues by $64.0 during 1994. The increase in calling volumes principally resulted from 4.0% growth to 4,747,000 from 4,563,000 in the number of access lines, fueled by second line additions as well as greater sales of custom calling features. An additional $11.3 increase resulted from rate increases for directory assistance, local coin and call waiting services.
Network access revenues are fees charged to interexchange carriers, such as AT&T and MCI, that use the local telecommunications network to provide long-distance services to their customers. In addition, end users pay flat rate access fees to connect to the local network to obtain long-distance service. These revenues are generated from both interstate and intrastate services.
Interstate network access revenues increased $35.1 in 1994 due primarily to higher network usage which resulted in additional revenues of $43.6, as well as a $12.0 reduction in National Exchange Carrier Association (NECA) support payments. Revenue sharing accrual differences contributed $1.6 to the 1994 revenue increases. These increases were partially offset by net rate reductions of $17.3 and a $5.4 decrease related to anticipated settlements with other telecommunications providers. Minutes of use related to interstate calls increased by 6.1%.
Intrastate network access revenues increased $0.8 in 1994. This increase was primarily attributable to higher network usage which resulted in an increase in revenues of $18.6 and a net increase of $3.3 in various claims and settlements with interexchange carriers. Minutes of use related to intrastate calls increased by 13.3%. This increase was partially offset by rate reductions of $19.6.
Long-distance revenues result when a customer makes a call to a location outside of the local calling area but within the same service area. The increase in long-distance revenues for 1994 was primarily attributable to volume related increases of $9.1 and a rate increase of $2.8.
Other revenues are derived from Ameritech Publishing Inc. (API), directory and license fees, publishing telephone directories, billing and collection services, inside wire installation and maintenance services and other miscellaneous services.
The decrease in other revenue is primarily due to a renegotiated directory and license fee contract with API. The renegotiated contract accounted for approximately $56.0 of the decrease. Additional decreases resulted from a $5.0 reclassification of certain affiliate rent revenue to expense and reductions of $7.0 in other rent and miscellaneous revenues. The decreases were partially offset by growth of $10.1 in other nonregulated services.
Operating Expenses
Total operating expenses in 1994 increased $184.7 or 8.4% from 1993. This increase was primarily attributable to restructuring charges of $174.4 in 1994, as well as increases in advertising expenses, access charges and affiliated services.
The decrease in employee-related expenses in 1994 was primarily attributable to the effects of work force restructuring over the past year and increased pension credits of $22.2. Partially offsetting the decreases were the effects of higher wage rates, increased overtime payments, higher incentive accruals and postretirement benefits.
There were 12,761 employees at December 31, 1994 compared to 14,561 at December 31, 1993. Work force restructuring at the Company resulted in a decline of 2,078 employees.
The decrease in depreciation and amortization expense in 1994 resulted primarily from the effects of the discontinuance of the application of FAS 71 in the fourth quarter of 1994 and to the expiration of FCC-authorized amortization schedules at the end of June 1993. The net effect was a decrease in rates of $22.0. This decrease was offset by an increase of $9.5 caused by the continued expansion of the plant investment base.
The increase in other operating expenses in 1994 was primarily attributable to an increase of $79.0 in affiliated services due in part to a transfer of certain work functions to Ameritech Services, Inc. (ASI), an increase of $7.1 in advertising at the Company, and an increase of $3.9 in access charges paid to other carriers for access services. The increase was moderated by a net credit of $9.9 million from a management separation program. The credit results from pension settlement and curtailment gains exceeding severance costs. The increase was further offset by a $21.3 decrease in materials and supplies and a $15.3 decrease in contracted services fees.
As discussed more fully in Note E to the financial statements, Ameritech announced on March 25, 1994 that it intended to reduce its existing nonmanagement work force by 6,000 employees by the end of 1995. Restructuring of the work force reflects the Company's implementation of technological improvements, consolidations, and initiatives to balance its cost structure with emerging competition. Ameritech now expects its nonmanagement work force to be reduced by about 11,500 employees through 1995 instead of the 6,000 originally estimated in March, including 2,787 at the Company. Charges related to the original 6,000 employees (1,560 at the Company) were recorded in the first quarter, and additional charges, net of settlement gains, were recorded in the third and fourth quarters to reflect acceptance of the plan by the additional employees. After recording offsetting noncash settlement gains of $83.2 associated with lump-sum pension payments through December 31, 1994, total restructuring charges recorded at the Company in 1994 were $174.4. Additional settlement gains (estimated at $70.0) are anticipated in the future.
Actual employee reductions by quarter in 1994 were: 396 in the second quarter, 570 in the third quarter and 1,112 in the fourth quarter. Estimates for 1995 are 68 in the first quarter, 317 in the second quarter and 324 in the third quarter. Cash requirements of the company to fund the financial incentives (principally contractual termination payments totaling approximately $60.0) are being met as prescribed by applicable collective bargaining agreements. Certain of these collective bargaining agreements require contractual termination payments to be paid to employees in a manner other than lump-sum, thus requiring cash payments beyond an employee's termination date.
The Company believes the restructuring program will reduce its annual employee-related costs by approximately $50 thousand per departing employee. The projected savings will be partially offset by the hiring of new employees to accommodate growth, ensure high quality customer service and meet staffing requirements for new business opportunities.
The decrease in taxes other than income taxes was primarily attributable to a decrease in the provision for property taxes to recognize the impact of new state legislation enacted in December 1993 which lowers property tax millage rates in Michigan.
The Company has disputed the manner in which property taxes are assessed in Michigan as discussed more fully in Note M to the financial statements. Management believes the ultimate outcome will not adversely affect future cash flows or its financial statements.
Other Income and Expenses
The decrease in interest expense during 1994 was due primarily to the calling of certain long-term debt in 1993 which resulted in a decrease of $10.6 in related interest. This called debt was refinanced in part at lower long-term interest rates and by instruments with lower short-term interest rates as compared to the original called debt. In addition, other interest decreased $2.5 due primarily to adjustments in the interest component of the Company's liability under the 1990 incentive regulation plan. Partially offsetting this decrease were increases of $5.5 in interest on short-term borrowings from Ameritech.
Other (income) expense, net includes earnings related to the Company's investments, interest income and other nonoperating items.
Other (income) expense, net increased in 1994 as a result of certain nonrecurring transactions reflected in 1993 results. 1993 results included $7.0 in costs (call premiums and unamortized deferred costs) incurred in connection with the early extinguishment of debt. Also contributing to the increase were increased equity earnings from Ameritech Services, Inc. of $3.2.
The decrease in income taxes in 1994 was due primarily to lower pretax income as a result of work force restructuring charges of $174.4 ($112.9 after-tax).
Extraordinary Item - FAS 71
As described in Note B to the financial statements, the Company has discontinued applying Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 71 (FAS 71), "Accounting for the Effects of Certain Types of Regulation." The Company determined in the fourth quarter of 1994 that it no longer met the criteria for following FAS 71. The factors that gave rise to this decision were changes in the manner in which the Company is regulated and the heightened competitive environment. The accounting impact to the Company was an extraordinary noncash after-tax charge of $599.1.
As a result of the discontinuation of applying FAS 71, the Company expects 1995 depreciation expense to decrease due to a lower net plant base. Depreciation expense in 1996 and beyond will likely be higher as the effects of shorter lives intensifies at the Company.
Certain additional financial statement impacts occur as a result of no longer following FAS 71. Specifically, future effective income tax rates are expected to increase as a result of the elimination of excess deferred tax balances previously amortized as a reduction to tax expense over the lives of the related assets. In addition, business transactions will be recorded following their economic substance, and regulatory assets and liabilities pursuant to FAS 71 will no longer be recognized. The Company also made certain retroactive reclassifications to its statements of income to conform to the presentation of unregulated enterprises. Specifically, the provision for uncollectibles previously shown as a reduction in other revenues, has been reclassified to other operating expenses. Further, interest during construction, previously a component of other income, has been reclassified to reduce interest expense. These
changes had no impact on net income. Determination of future uncollectibles and capitalized interest expense is not expected to change materially.
Although Company recorded assets and net equity were substantially reduced as a result of the discontinuance of application of FAS 71, no material impact on future cash flows is anticipated. Further, income taxes, a major expense of the Company, will be payable by the Company following the same schedule and amounts as before. The rating agencies that report on the Company reviewed the Company's assessment that no material future cash flow impact results from discontinuance of FAS 71 and reaffirmed their credit ratings.
Changes in Accounting Principles
The Company changed its accounting for income taxes effective January 1, 1993, as required by FAS 109, "Accounting for Income Taxes." The impact of adoption on the Company's financial statements was not significant.
As more fully discussed in Note E to the financial statements, effective January 1, 1992, the Company adopted FAS 106, "Employers' Accounting for Postretirement Benefits Other Than Pensions," and FAS 112, "Employers' Accounting for Postemployment Benefits." As a result of implementing these standards the Company recorded an after-tax noncash charge of approximately $448.4 in 1992. This charge caused the Company to have a loss in 1992.
Significant Balance Sheet Changes
Certain amounts shown on the Company's 1994 balance sheet are substantially different from a year ago due to the following. First, the effects from the discontinuance of FAS 71 (all noncash) resulted in lower equity, net plant, deferred income taxes, and regulated assets and liabilities, all of which are detailed in Note B to the financial statements. Secondly, the net effects of the nonmanagement work force restructuring increased its FAS 106 obligation by $87.7.
Other Matters
See Regulatory Environment - State in Part I for a discussion of the current regulatory environment.
Item 8.


Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS
To the Shareowner of Michigan Bell Telephone Company
We have audited the accompanying balance sheets of Michigan Bell Telephone Company (a Michigan Corporation) as of December 31, 1994 and 1993, and the related statements of income and reinvested earnings (deficit) and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 1994. These financial statements and the schedule referred to below are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements and this schedule based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with generally accepted auditing standards. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Michigan Bell Telephone Company as of December 31, 1994 and 1993, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 1994, in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles.
As discussed in Note B to the financial statements, the Company discontinued applying the provisions of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 71, "Accounting for the Effects of Certain Types of Regulation," in 1994. As discussed in Note E, the Company changed its method of accounting for certain postretirement and postemployment benefits in 1992.
Our audits are made for the purpose of forming an opinion on the basic financial statements taken as a whole. The financial statement schedule included in Item 14(a)(2) is presented for purposes of complying with the Securities and Exchange Commission's rules and is not a required part of the basic financial statements. This schedule has been subjected to the auditing procedures applied in the audits of the basic financial statements and, in our opinion, fairly states in all material respects the financial data required to be set forth therein in relation to the basic financial statements taken as a whole.
ARTHUR ANDERSEN LLP
Detroit, Michigan February 3, 1995
MICHIGAN BELL TELEPHONE COMPANY STATEMENTS OF INCOME AND REINVESTED EARNINGS (DEFICIT) (Dollars in Millions)
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the financial statements.
MICHIGAN BELL TELEPHONE COMPANY BALANCE SHEETS (Dollars in Millions)
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the financial statements.
MICHIGAN BELL TELEPHONE COMPANY STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Dollars in Millions)
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the financial statements.
MICHIGAN BELL TELEPHONE COMPANY NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Dollars in Millions)
Michigan Bell Telephone Company (the Company) is a wholly owned subsidiary of Ameritech Corporation (Ameritech).
A. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
BASIS OF ACCOUNTING - The financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). In the fourth quarter of 1994, the Company discontinued following accounting, prescribed by Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 71 (FAS 71), "Accounting for the Effects of Certain Types of Regulation" (see Note B).
TRANSACTIONS WITH AFFILIATES - The Company has various agreements with affiliated companies. Below is a description of the significant arrangements followed by a table of the amounts involved.
1. Ameritech Services, Inc. (ASI) - The Company has a 26% ownership interest in ASI, an Ameritech-controlled affiliate, that provides consolidated planning, development, management and support services to all of the Ameritech landline telephone subsidiaries. The Company also provides certain services, such as loaned employees and facilities, to ASI.
2. Ameritech (the Company's parent) - Ameritech provides various administrative, planning, financial and other services to the Company. These services are billed to the Company at cost.
3. Ameritech Publishing, Inc. (API), a wholly owned subsidiary of Ameritech - The Company has an agreement under which payments are made to the Company by API for license fees and billing and collection services provided by the Company. The Company also purchases directory services from API under the same agreement.
4. Ameritech Information Systems, Inc. (AIS), a wholly owned subsidiary of Ameritech - The Company has an agreement under which the Company reimburses AIS for costs incurred by AIS in connection with the sale of network services by AIS employees.
5. Bell Communications Research, Inc. (Bellcore) - Bellcore provides research and technical support to the Company. ASI has a one-seventh ownership interest in Bellcore and bills the Company for the costs.
PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT - Property, plant and equipment are stated principally at original cost. The provision for depreciation is based principally on straight-line remaining life and straight-line equal life group methods of depreciation applied to individual categories of plant with similar characteristics. As a result of the discontinuation of applying FAS 71 in 1994, the Company recognized shorter, more economically realistic lives and increased its accumulated depreciation balance by $984.8. (See Note B).
Generally, when depreciable plant is retired, the amount at which such plant has been carried in property, plant and equipment is charged to accumulated depreciation. The cost of maintenance and repair of plant is charged to expense.
INVESTMENTS - The Company's investments in ASI (26% ownership and $71.1) are reflected in the financial statements using the equity method of accounting. All other investments are carried at cost. Derivative transactions are generally handled by Ameritech. The Company had no derivatives in 1994.
MATERIAL AND SUPPLIES - Inventories of new and reusable material and supplies are stated at the lower of cost or market with cost generally determined on an average-cost basis.
INCOME TAXES - The Company is included in the consolidated federal income tax return filed by Ameritech and its subsidiaries. Effective January 1, 1993 the Company adopted FAS 109, "Accounting for Income Taxes." The new accounting method is essentially a refinement of the liability method previously followed by the Company and, accordingly, did not have a significant impact on the Company's financial statements upon adoption. The Company's provision for income taxes is determined effectively on a separate company basis.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are based on differences between the financial statement bases of assets and liabilities and the tax bases of those same assets and liabilities. Under the liability method, deferred tax assets and liabilities at the end of each period are determined using the statutory tax rates in effect when these temporary differences are expected to reverse. Deferred income tax expense is measured by the change in the net deferred income tax asset or liability during the year.
The Company uses the deferral method of accounting for investment tax credits. Therefore, credits earned prior to the repeal of the investment tax credit by the Tax Reform Act of 1986, and also certain transitional credits earned after the repeal, are being amortized as reductions in tax expense over the life of the plant that gave rise to the credits.
TEMPORARY CASH INVESTMENTS - Temporary cash investments are stated at cost which approximates market value. The Company considers all highly liquid, short-term investments with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents.
SHORT-TERM FINANCING ARRANGEMENT - During 1991, Ameritech entered into an arrangement with its subsidiaries, including the Company, for the provision of short-term financing and cash management services. Ameritech issues commercial paper and notes and secures bank loans to fund the working capital requirements of its subsidiaries and invests short-term, excess funds on their behalf. Interest charged to the Company by Ameritech for financing was $13.0 in 1994, $7.5 in 1993 and $8.8 in 1992. See Note F.
RECLASSIFICATIONS - The Company has made certain reclassifications to its financial statements. The more significant ones are as follows. The Company's provision for uncollectibles, previously shown as a reduction in other revenues, has been reclassified to other operating expenses. Further, interest capitalized during construction, previously a component of other income, has been reclassified to reduce interest expense. These changes have been applied retroactively and were made to correspond to financial reporting for unregulated enterprises.
B. DISCONTINUATION OF REGULATORY ACCOUNTING - FAS 71
On a regular basis management has evaluated the continued applicability of FAS 71. In the fourth quarter of 1994, having achieved price regulation and recognizing increased competition, the Company concluded that GAAP prescribed by FAS 71 was no longer appropriate. As a result of the discontinuation of applying FAS 71, the Company recorded a fourth-quarter extraordinary noncash after-tax charge of $599.1. The following table is a summary of the extraordinary charge.
The adjustment of $984.8 to net property, plant and equipment was necessary since estimated useful lives and depreciation methods historically prescribed by regulators did not keep up with the rapid pace of technological changes in the Company and differed significantly from those used by unregulated enterprises. Plant balances were adjusted by increasing the accumulated depreciation balance. The increase to the accumulated depreciation balance was determined by a discounted cash flow analysis which considered technological changes, capital requirements and estimated impacts of future competition. To corroborate this study, a depreciation reserve study was also performed that identified inadequate accumulated depreciation levels by individual asset categories. The Company believes these levels developed over the years as a result of the systematic underdepreciation of assets resulting from the regulatory process. When adjusting its net property, plant and equipment, the Company gave effect to shorter, more economically realistic lives.
The discontinuance of FAS 71 also required the Company to eliminate from its balance sheet, prepared for financial reporting purposes, the effects of any actions of regulators that had been recognized as assets and liabilities pursuant to FAS 71, but would not have been recognized as assets and liabilities by enterprises in general. The elimination of other net regulatory assets primarily related to certain deferred vacation pay, debt financing costs, and certain deferred assets being reduced under regulatory principles in accounting periods other than those required under GAAP, absent FAS 71.
The tax-related adjustments were required to adjust excess deferred tax levels to the currently enacted statutory rates and to eliminate tax-related regulatory assets and liabilities. Prior to the discontinuance of FAS 71, the Company had recorded deferred income taxes on the cumulative amount of tax benefits previously flowed through to ratepayers and recorded a regulatory asset for the same amount ($112.5 at December 31, 1993). Also the Company had recorded a regulatory liability for the difference between deferred taxes recorded at higher historical tax rates compared to those currently enacted and deferred taxes provided on unamortized investment tax credits ($210.4 at December 31, 1993). These regulatory assets and liabilities were grossed up for the tax effect anticipated when collected in future rates.
At the time the Company discontinued the application of FAS 71, the above tax-related regulatory assets and liabilities were eliminated and deferred tax balances adjusted to reflect application of FAS 109 consistent with other unregulated enterprises.
The Company uses the deferral method of accounting for investment tax credits and amortize the credits as a reduction to tax expense over the life of the asset that gave rise to the tax credit. As asset lives were shortened, the investment tax credits deemed already earned were credited to income ($9.1).
The effects on the Company's financial statements going forward without FAS 71 are discussed in Management's Discussion and Analysis of Results of Operations.
C. INCOME TAXES
The components of income tax expense follow:
Total income taxes paid were $211.9, $175.0 and $171.7 in 1994, 1993 and 1992, respectively.
The following is a reconciliation between the statutory federal income tax rate for each of the past three years and the Company's effective tax rate:
The Revenue Reconciliation Act of 1993, enacted in August 1993, increased the statutory federal income tax rate to 35%. In accordance with the liability method of accounting, the Company adjusted, on the enactment date, its deferred income tax balances. The result was a reduction in deferred income tax expense of $6.8, primarily from increasing the deferred tax assets associated with FAS 106 and 112 (see Note E).
As of December 31, 1994 and 1993, the components of long-term accumulated deferred income taxes were as follows:
Deferred income taxes in current assets and liabilities relate primarily to temporary differences caused by work force restructuring charges (see Note E). The Company has an immaterial valuation allowance against certain deferred tax assets as of December 31, 1994.
D. PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT
The components of property, plant and equipment are as follows:
Depreciation expense on fixed assets was $523.6, $536.2 and $513.9 in 1994, 1993 and 1992, respectively. The large increase in the accumulated depreciation balance in 1994 was due primarily to the discontinuation of applying FAS 71.
E. EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS
PENSION PLANS - Ameritech maintains noncontributory defined pension and death benefit plans covering substantially all management and nonmanagement employees. The pension benefit formula used in the determination of pension cost is based on the average compensation earned during the five highest consecutive years of the last ten years of employment for the management plan and a flat dollar amount per year of service for the nonmanagement plan. Pension credits are allocated to subsidiaries based upon the percentage of compensation for the management plan and per employee for the nonmanagement plan. The Company's funding policy is to contribute annually an amount up to the maximum amount that can be deducted for federal income tax purposes. However, due to the funded status of the plans, no contributions have been made for the years reported below. The following data provides information on the Company's credit for the Ameritech plans:
Pension credits were determined using the projected unit credit actuarial method in accordance with FAS 87, "Employers' Accounting for Pensions." The resulting pension credits are primarily attributable to favorable investment performance and the funded status of the plans.
Certain disclosures are required to be made of the components of pension credits and the funded status of the plans, including the actuarial present value of accumulated plan benefits, accumulated projected benefit obligation and the fair value of plan assets. Such disclosures are not presented for the Company because the structure of the Ameritech plans does not permit the plans' data to be readily disaggregated.
The assets of the Ameritech plans consist principally of debt and equity securities, fixed income securities and real estate. As of December 31, 1994, the fair value of plan assets available for plan benefits exceeded the projected benefit obligation (calculated using a discount rate of 7.2% and 5.8% as of December 31, 1994 and 1993, respectively). The assumed long-term rate of return on plan assets used in determining pension credits (or income) was 7.25% for 1994, 1993 and 1992. The assumed increase in future compensation levels, also used in the determination of the projected benefit obligation, was 4.5% in 1994 and 1993.
POSTRETIREMENT BENEFITS OTHER THAN PENSIONS - Effective January 1, 1992, the Company adopted FAS 106, "Employers Accounting for Postretirement Benefits Other Than Pensions." FAS 106 requires the cost of postretirement benefits granted to employees to be accrued as expense over the period in which the employee renders service and becomes eligible to receive benefits. The cost of postretirement health care costs and postretirement life insurance benefits for current and future retirees was recognized as determined under the projected unit credit actuarial method.
In adopting FAS 106, the Company elected to immediately recognize, effective January 1, 1992, the transition obligation for current and future retirees. The transition obligation was $608.9 less deferred income taxes of $208.6 or $400.3, net. To this amount is added the Company's 26% share of ASI's transition benefit obligation of $16.0 for a total charge of $416.3.
Substantially all current and future retirees are covered under postretirement benefit plans sponsored by Ameritech. Such benefits include medical, dental, and group life insurance. Ameritech has been prefunding (including cash received from the Company) certain of these benefits through Voluntary Employee Benefit Association trust funds (VEBAs) and Retirement Funding Accounts (RFAs). The associated plan assets (primarily corporate securities and bonds) were considered in determining the transition obligation under FAS 106. Ameritech intends to continue to fund its obligations appropriately and is exploring other available funding and cost containment alternatives. Ameritech allocates its retiree health care cost on a per participant basis, whereas group life insurance is allocated based on compensation levels.
FAS 106 requires certain disclosures as to the components of postretirement benefit costs and the funded status of the plans. Such disclosures are not presented for the Company as the structure of the Ameritech
plans does not permit the data to be readily disaggregated. However, the Company has been advised by Ameritech as to the following assumptions used in determining FAS 106 costs.
As of December 31, 1994 the accumulated postretirement benefit obligation exceeded the fair value of plan assets available for plan benefits. The assumed discount rate used to measure the accumulated postretirement benefit obligation was 8.5% as of December 31, 1994 and 7.0% as of December 31, 1993. The assumed rate of increase in future compensation levels was 4.5% as of December 31, 1994 and December 31, 1993. The expected long-term rate of return on plan assets was 7.25% in 1994 and 1993 on the VEBAs and 8.0% in 1994 and 1993 on RFAs. The assumed health care cost trend rate in 1994 was 9.2% and 9.6% in 1993, and is assumed to decrease gradually to 4.0% in 2007 and remain at that level. The assumed health care cost trend rate is 8.8% for 1995. The health care cost trend rate has a significant effect on the amounts reported for costs each year as well as in the accumulated postretirement benefit obligation. Specifically, increasing the assumed health care cost trend rate by one percentage point in each year would increase the 1994 annual expense by approximately 16%.
Postretirement benefit cost under FAS 106 was $67.5 in 1994, $55.9 in 1993 and $57.8 in 1992.
As of December 31, 1994, the Company had 12,871 retirees eligible to receive health care and group life insurance benefits.
POSTEMPLOYMENT BENEFITS - Effective January 1, 1992, the Company adopted FAS 112, "Employers' Accounting for Postemployment Benefits." FAS 112 requires employers to accrue the future cost of certain benefits such as workers' compensation, disability benefits and health care continuation coverage. A one-time charge related to adoption of FAS 112 was recognized as a change in accounting principle, effective as of January 1, 1992. The charge, net of a deferred tax benefit of $16.5, was $32.0. Current expense levels are dependent upon actual claim experience but are not materially different than prior charges to income.
NONMANAGEMENT WORK FORCE RESTRUCTURING - During 1994, Ameritech announced its plan to restructure its existing nonmanagement work force. Approximately 2,787 employees will leave the Company under this program. Under terms of agreements between Ameritech, the Communications Workers of America (CWA) and the International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers (IBEW), Ameritech implemented an enhancement to the Ameritech Pension Plan by adding three years to both the age and the net credited service of eligible nonmanagement employees who leave the business during a designated period that ends in mid-1995. In addition, certain of Ameritech's business units are offering financial incentives under terms of the current contracts with the CWA and the IBEW to selected nonmanagement employees who leave the business before the end of 1995.
The Company recorded charges in 1994 of $174.4, or $112.9 after-tax, to reflect the cost of restructuring. These charges reduced the company's prepaid pension asset by $41.0 for pension enhancements and curtailment losses, net of settlement gains. The charges also included curtailment losses of $87.7 related to FAS 106 and additional severance accruals of $45.7. The charges reflect settlement gains of $83.2 associated with lump sum pension payments through year-end. At December 31, 1994, the Company's remaining severance accrual was $34.0.
As of December 31, 1994, approximately 2,078 employees had left the Company under this program, with 709 to leave in 1995.
MANAGEMENT WORK FORCE RESTRUCTURING - During 1994, about 193 management employees left the Company due to work force restructuring. The net cost of this restructuring, including termination benefits, settlement and curtailment gains from the pension plan, was a net credit to expense of $9.9. The plan was in effect until December 31, 1994.
During 1993, 217 management employees left the Company. These programs, including termination benefits, settlement and curtailment gains from the pension plan, resulted in a credit to expense of $5.4.
During 1992, 210 management employees left the Company. The net cost of this program, along with other transfers from the pension plan, including termination benefits, and settlement and curtailment gains from the pension plan was $0.4.
Funding of the 1992 termination benefits was primarily from the management pension plan. The involuntary plans are funded from Company operations and required cash payments of $7.1 and $12.4 in 1994 and 1993, respectively.
F. DEBT MATURING WITHIN ONE YEAR
Debt maturing within one year is included as debt in the computation of debt ratios and consists of the following as of December 31:
During 1991 Ameritech consolidated the short-term financing of its subsidiaries at Ameritech Corporate. See Note A - short-term financing arrangements.
G. LONG-TERM DEBT
Long-term debt consists principally of debentures and notes issued by the Company.
The following table sets forth interest rates and other information on long-term debt outstanding at December 31.
On February 15, 1993, the Company issued $200.0 of 7.5% debentures due February 15, 2023 under a $350.0 shelf registration filed in August 1992. The proceeds from this issuance were used to repay long-term borrowings and for general corporate purposes.
On October 29, 1993, the Company called $150.0 of 8.125% debentures due June 1, 2015. The redemption on December 2, 1993, was funded by short-term borrowings from Ameritech.
On November 16, 1993, the Company filed a registration statement with the SEC for issuance of up to $450.0 in unsecured debt securities. No issuances have been made under this shelf registration.
H. LEASE COMMITMENTS
The Company leases certain facilities and equipment used in its operations under both operating and capital leases. Rental expense under operating leases was $35.3, $40.5, and $43.6 for 1994, 1993 and 1992, respectively. At December 31, 1994, the aggregate minimum rental commitments under noncancelable leases were approximately as follows:
I. FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
The following table presents the estimated fair value of the Company's financial instruments as of December 31, 1994 and 1993:
The following methods and assumptions were used to estimate the fair value of financial instruments:
CASH AND TEMPORARY CASH INVESTMENTS - Carrying value approximates fair value because of short-term maturity of these instruments.
DEBT - The carrying amount (including accrued interest) of debt maturing within one year approximates fair value because of the short-term maturities involved. The fair value of long-term debt was estimated based on the year-end quoted market price for the same or similar issues.
LONG-TERM PAYABLE TO ASI (FOR POSTRETIREMENT BENEFITS) - This item represents the long-term payable to ASI for the Company's proportionate share of ASI's transition benefit obligation related to adoption of FAS 106. Carrying value approximates fair value for this item.
OTHER ASSETS AND LIABILITIES - These financial instruments consist primarily of other investments and customer deposits. The fair values of these items are based on expected cash flows or, if available, quoted market prices.
J. ADDITIONAL FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Interest paid, net of amounts capitalized was $95.8, $102.4 and $106.4 in 1994, 1993 and 1992, respectively.
Revenues from AT&T Corp., principally for interstate network access and billing and collection services, comprised approximately 11%, 11% and 12% of total revenues in 1994, 1993 and 1992, respectively. No other customer accounted for more than 10% of revenues.
K. OTHER (INCOME) EXPENSE, NET
The components of other (income) expense, net are as follows:
* Includes, in 1992, the Company's portion of ASI's equity (earnings) loss related to the change in accounting principles.
L. QUARTERLY FINANCIAL INFORMATION (UNAUDITED)
Total nonmanagement work force restructuring charges in 1994 were $174.4 or $112.9 after-tax as follows: $137.8 or $89.2 after-tax in the first quarter, $56.9 or $36.8 after-tax in the third quarter, and a net credit of $20.3 or $13.1 after-tax in the fourth quarter. The credit in the fourth quarter results from pension settlement gains. The fourth quarter also includes a $599.1 after-tax extraordinary charge related to the discontinuance of applying FAS 71, as discussed in Note B above.
Several other significant income and expense items were reported in the fourth quarter of both years, the net result of which in both years was not material to the respective quarter or years except as follows. In 1993, the Company recognized a charge of $7.0 for the early retirement of debt.
All adjustments necessary for a fair statement of results for each period have been included.
M. CONTINGENCIES
The Company has disputed the manner in which property taxes are assessed in Michigan. In 1994, the Michigan Supreme Court let stand a lower court decision that awarded the Company a refund of taxes paid for the tax years 1984-1986. However, there are certain outstanding issues before the Michigan Tax Tribunal for taxes paid by the Company in 1987 and beyond, which could result in a significant tax liability or refund to the Company for such years. The Company has not recorded the court award pending clearer resolution of the issues in 1987 and beyond. Management of the Company believes that the ultimate resolution of how property taxes are paid by the Company for the period 1987 through 1994 will not have a material adverse effect on the Company's financial statements.
N. CALCULATION OF RATIO OF EARNINGS TO FIXED CHARGES
The ratio of earnings to fixed charges of the Company for the years ended December 31, 1994, 1993, 1992, 1991, and 1990 was 4.72, 5.27, 4.88, 4.12 and 4.70 respectively.
For the purpose of calculating this ratio: (i) earnings have been calculated by adding to income before interest expense, extraordinary item and accounting changes, the amount of related taxes on income, the Single Business Tax, and the portion of rentals representative of the interest factor, (ii) the Company considers one-third of rental expense to be the amount representing return on capital, and (iii) fixed charges comprise total interest expense and such portion of rentals.
Item 9.

Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure.
No disagreements with accountants on any matter of accounting principles or practices, financial statement disclosure or auditing scope or procedure occurred during the period covered by this annual report.
PART IV
Item 14.







Item 14. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules, and Reports on Form 8-K.
(a) Documents filed as part of the report:
(1) Financial Statements:
Financial statement schedules other than the one listed above have been omitted because the required information is contained in the financial statements and notes thereto, or because such schedules are not required or applicable.
(3) Exhibits
Exhibits identified in parenthesis below, on file with the SEC, are incorporated herein by reference as exhibits hereto.
Exhibit Number - ------- 3 -- Articles of Incorporation of the Company as amended March 26, 1990, and By-laws of the Company as amended May 7, 1992 (Exhibit 3 to Form 10-K for 1993, File No. 1-3499).
4 -- No instrument which defines the rights of holders of long and intermediate term debt of the Company is filed herewith pursuant to Regulation S-K, Item 601(b)(4)(iii)(A). Pursuant to this regulation, the Company hereby agrees to furnish a copy of any such instrument to the SEC upon request.
10 -- Reorganization and Divestiture Agreement between American Telephone and Telegraph Company, Ameritech Corporation and Affiliates, dated as of November 1, 1983 (Exhibit 10a to Form 10-K for 1983 for Ameritech Corporation, File No. 1-8612).
12 -- Computation of ratio of earnings to fixed charges for the five years ended December 31, 1994.
23 -- Consent of Arthur Andersen LLP.
27 -- Financial Data Schedule for the year ended December 31, 1994.
(b) Reports on Form 8-K:
On December 1, 1994, the Company filed a Current Report on Form 8-K dated November 28, 1994, to report on Item 5, Other Events, the Company's discontinuation of the use of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 71 (FAS 71), "Accounting for the Effects of Certain Types of Regulation," and on the resulting extraordinary, noncash charge recorded in the fourth quarter of 1994.
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
MICHIGAN BELL TELEPHONE COMPANY
By /s/ Richard A. Kuzmar -------------------------------- (Richard A. Kuzmar, Vice President and Comptroller)
March 21, 1995
Pursuant to the requirement of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the date indicated.
Principal Executive Officer:
/s/ James E. Wilkes - ---------------------------------------------------------- (James E. Wilkes, President)
Principal Financial and Accounting Officer:
/s/ Richard A. Kuzmar - ---------------------------------------------------------- (Richard A. Kuzmar, Vice President and Comptroller)
Ameritech Corporation:
/s/ Richard H. Brown - ---------------------------------------------------------- (Richard H. Brown, Vice Chairman)
The sole shareowner of the registrant, which is a statutory close corporation managed by the shareowner rather than by a board of directors.
March 21, 1995
SCHEDULE II
MICHIGAN BELL TELEPHONE COMPANY SCHEDULE II - VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS ALLOWANCE FOR UNCOLLECTIBLES (Dollars in Millions)
(a) Excludes direct charges and credits to expense on the statements of income and reinvested earnings (deficit) related to interexchange carrier receivables.
(b) Includes principally amounts previously written off which were credited directly to this account when recovered and amounts related to interexchange carrier receivables which are being billed by the company.
(c) Amounts written off as uncollectible.