Annual Report (Form 10-K), fiscal year 1993

ITEM 1. BUSINESS
Protective Life Insurance Company ("Protective") is a wholly-owned and the principal operating subsidiary of Protective Life Corporation ("PLC"), an insurance holding company. Founded in 1907, Protective provides financial services through the production, distribution, and administration of insurance and investment products.
Protective markets individual life and health insurance and annuities nationally through professional, independent general agents. Protective serves the individual payroll deduction market by offering universal life and cancer insurance, and Protective distributes group life, health, and dental insurance products through full-time field representatives who market to employers and associations through agents and brokers. Protective markets annuities and investment products, credit life, and disability products through broker-dealers and financial institutions to their customers, and Protective sells guaranteed investment contracts.
Over the last twenty-five years PLC has made thirty-two acquisitions of smaller insurance companies or blocks of policies. Many of these transactions included Protective. Additionally, PLC has from time to time merged other life insurance companies it has acquired into Protective. In 1990 Protective reinsured two separate blocks of insurance which were assumed by Protective during 1991. PLC acquired a small life insurance company and merged it into Protective in early 1992. In July 1992, Protective assumed a block of credit life and credit accident and health insurance business. In July 1993, Protective acquired a Wisconsin insurer and Protective reinsured a block of universal life policies.
Since 1983, Protective has owned 100% of American Foundation Life Insurance Company ("American Foundation"). Since 1988, Protective owned convertible preferred stock of Southeast Health Plan, Inc. ("SEHP"), a Birmingham-based health maintenance organization. On August 31, 1991, Protective converted the preferred stock into 80% of the common stock of SEHP. In January 1993, Protective's ownership of SEHP was transferred to PLC. In August 1993, PLC sold its interest in SEHP.
ITEM 2.



ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
Protective's administrative office building is located at 2801 Highway 280 South, Birmingham, Alabama. This building includes the original 142,000 square-foot building which was completed in 1976 and a second contiguous 220,000 square-foot building which was completed in 1985. In addition, parking is provided for approximately 1,000 vehicles.
Protective leases administrative space in Birmingham, Alabama; Brentwood, Tennessee; Greenville, South Carolina; Cary, North Carolina; and Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. Substantially all of these offices are rented under leases that run for periods of three to five years. The aggregate monthly rent is approximately $28 thousand.
Marketing offices are leased in 15 cities, substantially all under leases for periods of three to five years with only two leases being over five years. The aggregate monthly rent is approximately $24 thousand.
ITEM 3.

ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
There are no material legal proceedings pending by or against Protective other than routine litigation incidental to its insurance business.
ITEM 4.

ITEM 4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS
Not required in accordance with General Instruction J(2)(c).
PART II
ITEM 5.

ITEM 5. MARKET FOR THE REGISTRANT'S COMMON STOCK AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS
Protective is a wholly-owned subsidiary of PLC which also owns all of the redeemable preferred stock issued by Protective's subsidiary, American Foundation. Therefore, neither Protective's Common Stock nor American Foundation's Preferred Stock is publicly traded.
At December 31, 1993, $295 million of consolidated stockholder's equity represented net assets of Protective that cannot be transferred to PLC in the form of dividends, loans, or advances. In addition, under the insurance laws of the States of Tennessee, Alabama and Wisconsin, certain restrictions are imposed on dividends from insurers domiciled in those states. Also, distributions, including cash dividends to PLC in excess of approximately $184 million would be subject to Federal income tax at rates then effective. Protective does not anticipate involuntarily paying tax on such distributions.
The American Foundation Preferred Stock pays, when and if declared, annual minimum cumulative dividends of $0.1 million and noncumulative participating dividends to the extent American Foundation's statutory earnings for the immediately preceding fiscal year exceed $1 million.
In 1993 and 1992, respectively American Foundation paid preferred dividends of $1.5 million and $1.4 million. During 1993, Protective transferred its ownership interest in SEHP to PLC in the form of a common dividend. Protective paid no other dividends to PLC during 1993. Protective paid common dividends of $1.9 million in 1992. Protective and American Foundation expect to continue to pay cash dividends, subject to their earnings and financial condition and other relevant factors.
ITEM 6.

ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
Not required in accordance with General Instruction J(2)(a).
ITEM 7.

ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S NARRATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
In accordance with General Instruction J(2)(a), Protective includes the following analysis with the reduced disclosure format.
REVENUES
The following table sets forth revenues by source for the periods shown:
Premiums and policy fees increased 8.8% in 1993 over 1992. The transfer of Protective's ownership of SEHP to PLC represents a $40.5 million decrease in premiums and policy fees. Increases in premiums and
policy fees from the Agency, Group, and Financial Institutions Divisions represented increases of $14.6 million, $13.0 million and $30.4 million, respectively. Effective July 1, 1992, the Financial Institutions Division assumed Durham Life Insurance Company's credit business representing $15.1 million of the segment's $30.4 million increase. On July 30, 1993, Protective completed its acquisition of Wisconsin National Life Insurance Company ("Wisconsin National"). The acquisition increased premiums and policy fees by $11.7 million. The reinsurance of a block of universal life policies on July 1, 1993 resulted in a $3.2 million increase. Decreases in older acquired blocks of ordinary policies represented a $5.6 million decrease in premiums and policy fees.
Net investment income increased 28.8% in 1993 over 1992 primarily due to an increase in the average amount of invested assets. Invested assets increased during 1993 primarily due to receiving individual annuity and guaranteed investment contract ("GIC") deposits and the acquisition of Wisconsin National. Annuity and GIC deposits are not considered revenues in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. These deposits are included in the liability section of the balance sheet. The Wisconsin National acquisition increased 1993 investment income approximately $14.5 million. Due to the general decline in interest rates, Protective's percentage earned on average cash and investment was 8.4% for 1993, slightly below the 8.6% for 1992.
Protective generally purchases its investments with the intent to hold to maturity by purchasing investments that match future cash flow needs. The sales of investments that have occurred result from portfolio management decisions to maintain proper matching of assets and liabilities.
Protective maintains an allowance for uncollectible amounts on investments based upon industry default rates for different asset types. The allowance totaled $35.2 million at December 31, 1993. Additions to the allowance are treated as realized investment losses. During 1993, Protective added $8.7 million to this allowance which partially offset the $13.8 million of net realized investment gains in the period.
Other income consists primarily of fees from administrative-services-only types of group accident and health insurance contracts, and from rental of space in its administrative building to PLC. The transfer of SEHP to PLC decreased other income $5.1 million.
INCOME BEFORE INCOME TAX
The following table sets forth income or loss before income tax by business segment for the periods shown:
In 1993 Protective changed the method used to apportion net investment income to the various divisions. This change resulted in increased income attributable to the Agency, Investment Products, and Acquisitions Divisions of $3.0 million, $2.0 million, and $2.6 million, respectively, while decreasing income of the Corporate and Other segment.
Agency pretax earnings increased $7.3 million in 1993 as compared to 1992. The improvement in earnings is largely due to growth in the amount of business in force brought about by sales, continued strong persistency, and favorable mortality experience.
Group pretax earnings were $2.7 million higher in 1993 as compared to 1992. Group life and annuity earnings improved by $1.7 million, and group health earnings improved by $1.0 million primarily due to improved cancer and dental earnings.
Pretax earnings of the Financial Institutions Division were $2.6 million higher in 1993 as compared to 1992. Effective July 1, 1992, Protective assumed all of the policy obligations associated with the credit life and credit accident and health insurance business produced by Durham Life Insurance Company ("Durham"). The Durham acquisition represented $0.7 million of the increase. The balance of the increase was due to premium growth and improved claims ratios in the Division's other lines.
The Investment Products Division's pretax earnings were $0.8 million lower in 1993 compared to 1992 primarily due to the $3.2 million more rapid amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs, in part, to shorten the amortization period on book value annuities, sales of which were substantially discontinued at the end of 1992. Annuity deposits were $836 million at December 31, 1993 compared to $674 million at December 31, 1992. Average deposits for the year were $742 million, 42% higher than for 1992.
The Guaranteed Investment Contracts ("GIC") Division had pretax earnings of $27.2 million in 1993 and $18.2 million in 1992. GIC earnings have increased due to the growth in GIC deposits placed with Protective. At December 31, 1993, GIC deposits totaled $2.0 billion compared to $1.7 billion one year earlier.
Pretax earnings from the Acquisitions Division increased $9.8 million in 1993 as compared to 1992. Earnings from the Acquisitions Division are normally expected to decline over time (due to the lapsing of policies resulting from deaths of insureds or terminations of coverage) unless new acquisitions are made. On July 30, 1993, Protective completed its acquisition of Wisconsin National. Protective also reinsured a block of universal life policies in the 1993 third quarter. These two acquisitions contributed approximately $5.1 million to 1993 earnings. The Division also experienced improved results in its other blocks of acquired policies.
The Corporate and Other segment consists of several small insurance lines of business, net investment income and other operating expenses not identified with the preceding business segments (including interest on substantially all debt), and the operations of a small noninsurance subsidiary. Pre-tax losses for this segment were 6.7 million higher in 1993 as compared to 1992 primarily due to the aforementioned reapportionment of net investment income within Protective.
INCOME TAX EXPENSE
The following table sets forth the effective income tax rates for the periods shown:
For the year ended December 31, 1992, the effective income tax rate was 29.6%. In August 1993, the corporate income tax rate was increased from 34% to 35%, which resulted in a one-time increase to income tax expense of $1.2 million due to a recalculation of Protective's deferred income tax liability. The effective income tax rate for 1993, excluding the one-time increase, was 33.4%. Management's estimate of the effective income tax rate for 1994 is 32%.
NET INCOME
The following table sets forth net income for the periods shown:
Compared to 1992, net income in 1993 increased 39.6%, reflecting improved earnings in most of its major lines which were partially offset by a higher effective income tax rate and the $1.2 million one-time increase to income tax expense discussed above. Additionally, 1992 includes a reduction to income of approximately $1.1 million representing the cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle associated with Protective's adoption of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards ("SFAS") No. 106, "Employers' Accounting for Postretirement Benefits Other than Pensions."
RECENTLY ISSUED ACCOUNTING STANDARDS
In May 1993, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued SFAS No. 114, "Accounting by Creditors for Impairment of a Loan." Protective anticipates that the impact of adopting SFAS No. 114 on its financial condition will be insignificant.
ITEM 8.


ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENT AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT ACCOUNTANTS
To the Directors and Stockholder Protective Life Insurance Company Birmingham, Alabama
We have audited the consolidated financial statements and the financial statement schedules of Protective Life Insurance Company and Subsidiaries listed in the index on page 33 of this Form 10-K. These financial statements and financial statement schedules are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements and financial statement schedules based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with generally accepted auditing standards. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of Protective Life Insurance Company and Subsidiaries as of December 31, 1993 and 1992, and the consolidated results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 1993, in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles. In addition, in our opinion, the financial statement schedules referred to above, when considered in relation to the basic financial statements taken as a whole, present fairly, in all material respects, the information required to be included therein.
As discussed in Note A to the Consolidated Financial Statements, the Company changed its method of accounting for certain investments in debt and equity securities in 1993. Also, as discussed in Note L to the Consolidated Financial Statements, the Company changed its method of accounting for postretirement benefits other than pensions in 1992.
COOPERS & LYBRAND
February 14, 1994
PROTECTIVE LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
See notes to consolidated financial statements.
PROTECTIVE LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
See notes to consolidated financial statements.
PROTECTIVE LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDER'S EQUITY (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PER SHARE AMOUNTS)
See notes to consolidated financial statements.
PROTECTIVE LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
See notes to consolidated financial statements.
PROTECTIVE LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (ALL DOLLAR AMOUNTS IN TABLES ARE IN THOUSANDS)
NOTE A -- SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
BASIS OF PRESENTATION
The accompanying consolidated financial statements of Protective Life Insurance Company and subsidiaries ("Protective") are prepared on the basis of generally accepted accounting principles. Such accounting principles differ from statutory reporting practices used by insurance companies in reporting to state regulatory authorities. See also Note B.
ENTITIES INCLUDED
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts, after intercompany eliminations, of Protective Life Insurance Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries including Wisconsin National Life Insurance Company ("Wisconsin National") and American Foundation Life Insurance Company ("American Foundation"). Protective is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Protective Life Corporation ("PLC"), an insurance holding company.
Additionally, the financial statements include the accounts of majority-owned subsidiaries. The ownership interest of the other stockholders of these subsidiaries is called a minority interest and is reported as a liability of Protective and as an adjustment to income.
PLC has from time to time merged other life insurance companies it has acquired (or formed) into Protective. Acquisitions have been accounted for as purchases by PLC. The results of such mergers have been included in the accompanying financial statements as if the mergers into Protective had occurred on the dates the merged companies were acquired (or formed) by PLC. Such mergers into Protective have been accounted for in a manner similar to that in pooling-of-interests accounting.
RECENTLY ISSUED ACCOUNTING STANDARDS
In 1992, Protective adopted Statement of Financial Accounting Standards ("SFAS") No. 106, "Employers' Accounting For Postretirement Benefits Other Than Pensions." SFAS No. 106 was accounted for as a change in accounting principle with the cumulative effect reported as a reduction to income.
In 1993, Protective adopted SFAS No. 109, "Accounting for Income Taxes." Adoption of this accounting standard did not have a material effect on Protective's financial statements.
Protective also adopted in 1993 SFAS No. 113, "Accounting and Reporting for Reinsurance of Short-Duration and Long-Duration Contracts." This statement eliminates the reporting of insurance activities net of the effects of reinsurance ceded. The adoption of this statement increased reported assets and liabilities by approximately $97.9 million at December 31, 1993. Protective has not restated any previously reported financial statements as a result of adopting this statement.
At December 31, 1993, Protective adopted SFAS No. 115, "Accounting for Certain Investments in Debt and Equity Securities." For purposes of adopting SFAS No. 115 Protective has classified all of its investments in fixed maturities, equity securities, and short-term investments as "available for sale." As prescribed by SFAS No. 115, these investments are recorded at their market values at December 31, 1993 with the resulting net unrealized gain recorded as an increase in stockholder's equity. The effect of adopting SFAS No. 115 at December 31, 1993 was to increase fixed maturities by $65.6 million, decrease deferred policy acquisition
PROTECTIVE LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) (ALL DOLLAR AMOUNTS IN TABLES ARE IN THOUSANDS)
NOTE A -- SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED) costs by $12.4 million, increase the liability for deferred income taxes by $18.6 million, and increase stockholder's equity by $34.6 million. In accordance with the provisions of SFAS No. 115, 1992 amounts have not been restated.
INVESTMENTS
Investments are reported on the following bases less allowances for uncollectible amounts on investments, if applicable:
- Fixed maturities (bonds, bank loan participations, and redeemable preferred stocks) -- 1993: at current market value; 1992: at cost, adjusted for amortization of premium or discount and other than temporary market value declines.
- Equity securities (common and nonredeemable preferred stocks) -- at current market value.
- Mortgage loans on real estate -- at unpaid balances, adjusted for loan origination costs, net of fees, and amortization of premium or discount.
- Investment real estate -- at cost, less allowances for depreciation computed on the straight-line method. With respect to real estate acquired through foreclosure, cost is the lesser of the loan balance plus foreclosure costs or appraised value.
- Policy loans -- at unpaid balances.
- Other long-term investments -- at a variety of methods similar to those listed above, as deemed appropriate for the specific investment.
- Short-term investments -- at cost, which approximates current market value.
Substantially all short-term investments have maturities of three months or less at the time of acquisition and include approximately $11 million in bank deposits voluntarily restricted as to withdrawal.
Realized gains and losses on sales of investments are recognized in net income using the specific identification basis. Temporary changes in market values of certain investments are reflected as unrealized gains or losses directly in stockholder's equity (net of income tax) and accordingly have no effect on net income.
A combination of futures contracts and options on treasury notes are currently being used as hedges for asset/liability management of certain investments, primarily mortgage loans on real estate, and liabilities arising from interest sensitive products such as guaranteed investment contracts and individual annuities. Realized investment gains and losses on such contracts are deferred and amortized over the life of the hedged asset. Protective also uses interest rate swap contracts to convert certain investments from a variable to a fixed rate of interest. At December 31, 1993, open interest rate swap contracts were in a $9.0 million unrealized gain position.
CASH
Cash includes all demand deposits reduced by the amount of outstanding checks and drafts.
PROTECTIVE LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) (ALL DOLLAR AMOUNTS IN TABLES ARE IN THOUSANDS)
NOTE A -- SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED) PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT
Property and equipment are reported at cost. Protective uses both accelerated and straight-line methods of depreciation based upon the estimated useful lives of the assets. Major repairs or improvements are capitalized and depreciated over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Other repairs are expensed as incurred. The cost and related accumulated depreciation of property and equipment sold or retired are removed from the accounts, and resulting gains or losses are included in income.
Property and equipment consisted of the following at December 31:
REVENUES, BENEFITS, CLAIMS, AND EXPENSES
- Traditional Life and Health Insurance Products -- Traditional life insurance products consist principally of those products with fixed and guaranteed premiums and benefits, and include whole life insurance policies, term life insurance policies, limited-payment life insurance policies, and certain annuities with life contingencies. Life insurance and immediate annuity premiums are recognized as revenue when due. Health insurance premiums are recognized as revenue over the terms of the policies. Benefits and expenses are associated with earned premiums so that profits are recognized over the life of the contracts. This is accomplished by means of the provision for liabilities for future policy benefits and the amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs.
Liabilities for future policy benefits on traditional life insurance products have been computed using a net level method including assumptions as to investment yields, mortality, persistency, and other assumptions based on Protective's experience modified as necessary to reflect anticipated trends and to include provisions for possible adverse deviation. Reserve investment yield assumptions are graded and range from 2.5% to 7.0%. The liability for future policy benefits and claims on traditional life and health insurance products includes estimated unpaid claims that have been reported to Protective and claims incurred but not yet reported. Policy claims are charged to expense in the period that the claims are incurred.
- Universal Life and Investment Products -- Universal life and investment products include universal life insurance, guaranteed investment contracts, deferred annuities, and annuities without life contingencies. Revenues for universal life and investment products consist of policy fees that have been assessed against policy account balances for the costs of insurance, policy administration, and surrenders. That is, universal life and investment product deposits are not considered revenues in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. Benefit reserves for universal life and
PROTECTIVE LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) (ALL DOLLAR AMOUNTS IN TABLES ARE IN THOUSANDS)
NOTE A -- SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED) investment products represent policy account balances before applicable surrender charges plus certain deferred policy initiation fees that are recognized in income over the term of the policies. Policy benefits and claims that are charged to expense include benefit claims incurred in the period in excess of related policy account balances and interest credited to policy account balances. Interest credit rates for universal life and investment products ranged from 3.0% to 9.4% in 1993.
At December 31, 1993, Protective estimates the fair value of its guaranteed investment contracts to be $2,105 million using discounted cash flows. The surrender value of Protective's annuities which approximates fair value was $1,003 million.
- Policy Acquisition Costs -- Commissions and other costs of acquiring traditional life and health insurance, universal life insurance, and investment products that vary with and are primarily related to the production of new business have been deferred. Traditional life and health insurance acquisition costs are amortized over the premium-payment period of the related policies in proportion to the ratio of annual premium income to total anticipated premium income. Acquisition costs for universal life and annuities are being amortized over the lives of the policies in relation to the present value of estimated gross profits from surrender charges and investment, mortality, and expense margins. For 1993, these costs have been reduced by an amount equal to the amortization that would have been recorded if unrealized gains or losses on investments associated with Protective's universal life and investment products had been realized.
At the time it adopted SFAS No. 97, "Accounting and Reporting by Insurance Enterprises for Certain Long-Duration Contracts and for Realized Gains and Losses from the Sale of Investments," Protective made certain assumptions regarding the mortality, persistency, expenses, and interest rates it expected to experience in future periods. Under SFAS No. 97, these assumptions are to be best estimates and are to be periodically updated whenever actual experience and/or expectations for the future change from initial assumptions. Accordingly, Protective has substituted its actual experience to date for that previously assumed.
The cost to acquire blocks of insurance representing the present value of future profits from such blocks of insurance is also included in deferred policy acquisition costs, discounted at interest rates averaging 15%. For acquisitions occurring after 1988, Protective amortizes the present value of future profits over the premium-payment period including accrued interest at 8%. The unamortized present value of future profits for such acquisitions was approximately $39.4 million and $29.9 million at December 31, 1993 and 1992, respectively. During 1993 $12.4 million of present value of future profits on acquisitions made during the year was capitalized, and $0.4 million was amortized. The unamortized present value of future profits for all acquisitions was $69.9 million at December 31, 1993 and $65.4 million at December 31, 1992.
PROTECTIVE LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) (ALL DOLLAR AMOUNTS IN TABLES ARE IN THOUSANDS)
NOTE A -- SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED) PARTICIPATING POLICIES
Participating business comprises approximately 4% of the ordinary life insurance in force and 4% of the ordinary life insurance premium income. Policyholder dividends totaled $2.6 million in 1993, $2.6 million in 1992, and $2.8 million in 1991, respectively.
INCOME TAXES
Protective uses the liability method of accounting for income taxes. Income tax provisions are generally based on income reported for financial statement purposes. Deferred federal income taxes arise from the recognition of temporary differences between income determined for financial reporting purposes and income tax purposes. Such temporary differences are principally related to the deferral of policy acquisition costs and the provision for future policy benefits and expenses.
RECLASSIFICATIONS
Certain reclassifications have been made in the previously reported financial statements to make the prior year amounts comparable to those of the current year. Such reclassifications had no effect on the previously reported net income, total assets, or stockholder's equity.
NOTE B -- RECONCILIATION WITH STATUTORY REPORTING PRACTICES Financial statements prepared in conformity with generally accepted accounting principals ("GAAP") differ in some respects from the statutory accounting practices prescribed or permitted by insurance regulatory authorities. The most significant differences are: (a) acquisition costs of obtaining new business are deferred and amortized over the approximate life of the policies rather than charged to operations as incurred, (b) benefit liabilities are computed using a net level method and are based on realistic estimates of expected mortality, interest, and withdrawals as adjusted to provide for possible unfavorable deviation from such assumptions, (c) deferred income taxes are provided for significant temporary differences between financial and taxable earnings, (d) the Asset Valuation Reserve and Interest Maintenance Reserve are restored to stockholder's equity, (e) furniture and equipment, agents' debit balances, and prepaid expenses are reported as assets rather than being charged directly to surplus (referred to as nonadmitted items), (f) certain items of interest income, principally accrual of mortgage and bond discounts are amortized differently, and (g) bonds are stated at market instead of amortized cost.
PROTECTIVE LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) (ALL DOLLAR AMOUNTS IN TABLES ARE IN THOUSANDS)
NOTE B -- RECONCILIATION WITH STATUTORY REPORTING PRACTICES (CONTINUED) The reconciliations of net income and stockholder's equity prepared in conformity with statutory reporting practices to that reported in the accompanying consolidated financial statements are as follows:
PROTECTIVE LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) (ALL DOLLAR AMOUNTS IN TABLES ARE IN THOUSANDS)
NOTE C -- INVESTMENT OPERATIONS Major categories of investment income for the years ended December 31 are summarized as follows:
Realized investment gains (losses) for the years ended December 31 are summarized as follows:
Protective has established an allowance for uncollectible amounts on investments. The allowance totaled $35.2, $26.5 million, and $16.8 million at December 31, 1993, 1992, and 1991, respectively. Additions to the allowance are included in realized investment losses. Without such additions, Protective had realized investment gains of $13.8 million, $9.5 million, and $7.4 million in 1993, 1992, and 1991, respectively.
In 1993, gross gains on the sale of investments available for sale (fixed maturities, equity securities and short-term investments) were $8.3 million and gross losses were less than $0.4 million. In 1992, gross gains on the sale of fixed maturities were $12.8 million and gross losses were $1.7 million. In 1991, gross gains were $4.8 million and gross losses were $1.9 million.
PROTECTIVE LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) (ALL DOLLAR AMOUNTS IN TABLES ARE IN THOUSANDS)
NOTE C -- INVESTMENT OPERATIONS (CONTINUED) The amortized cost and estimated market value of Protective's investments classified as available for sale at December 31, 1993 are as follows:
PROTECTIVE LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) (ALL DOLLAR AMOUNTS IN TABLES ARE IN THOUSANDS)
NOTE C -- INVESTMENT OPERATIONS (CONTINUED) The amortized cost and estimated market values of Protective's investments in fixed maturities at December 31, 1992 are as follows:
The amortized cost and estimated market value of fixed maturities at December 31, by contractual maturity, are shown below. Expected maturities will differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay certain of these obligations.
PROTECTIVE LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) (ALL DOLLAR AMOUNTS IN TABLES ARE IN THOUSANDS)
NOTE C -- INVESTMENT OPERATIONS (CONTINUED) The approximate percentage distribution of Protective's fixed maturity investments by quality rating at December 31 is as follows:
At December 31, 1993, Protective had bonds which were rated less than investment grade of $67.3 million having an amortized cost of $66.7 million. Additionally, Protective had bank loan participations which were rated less than investment grade of $121.7 million, having an amortized cost of $121.7 million.
The change in unrealized gains (losses) on fixed maturity and equity securities for the years ended December 31 is summarized as follows:
At December 31, 1993, all of Protective's mortgage loans were commercial loans of which 79% were retail, 9% were warehouses, and 8% were office buildings. Protective specializes in making mortgage loans on either credit-oriented or credit-anchored commercial properties, most of which are strip shopping centers in smaller towns and cities. No single tenant's leased space represents more than 7% of mortgage loans. Approximately 85% of the mortgage loans are on properties located in the following states listed in decreasing order of significance: Alabama, North Carolina, Tennessee, Georgia, South Carolina, Texas, Florida, Mississippi, Virginia, Colorado, California, Ohio, Wisconsin, Illinois, Indiana, and Michigan.
Many of the mortgage loans have call provisions after five to seven years. Assuming the loans are called at their next call dates, approximately $50.2 million would become due in 1994, $480.1 million in 1995 to 1998, and $218.7 million in 1999 to 2003.
At December 31, 1993, the average mortgage loan was $1.4 million, and the weighted average interest rate was 9.6%. The largest mortgage loan was $9.3 million. While Protective's $1,408.4 million of mortgage loans do not have quoted market values, at December 31, 1993, Protective estimates the market value of its mortgage loans to be $1,524.2 million using discounted cash flows from the next call date.
PROTECTIVE LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) (ALL DOLLAR AMOUNTS IN TABLES ARE IN THOUSANDS)
NOTE C -- INVESTMENT OPERATIONS (CONTINUED) At December 31, 1993 and 1992, Protective's problem mortgage loans and foreclosed properties totaled $27.1 million and $16.4 million, respectively. Protective expects no significant loss of principal.
Certain investments, principally real estate, with a carrying value of $9.9 million were nonincome producing for the twelve months ended December 31, 1993.
Mortgage loans to Fletcher Bright and Kenneth Karl totaling $92.1 million and $48.5 million, respectively, exceeded 10% of stockholder's equity at December 31, 1993.
The Company believes it is not practicable to determine the fair value of its policy loans since there is no stated maturity, and policy loans are often repaid by reductions to policy benefits. Policy loan interest rates generally range from 4.5% to 8.0% The fair values of Protective's other long-term investments approximate cost.
NOTE D -- FEDERAL INCOME TAXES Protective's effective income tax rate varied from the maximum federal income tax rate as follows:
In August 1993, the corporate income tax rate was increased from 34% to 35% which resulted in a one-time increase to income tax expense of $1.2 million due to a recalculation of Protective's deferred income tax liability. The effective income tax rate for 1993 of 33.4% excludes the one-time increase.
The provision for federal income tax differs from amounts currently payable due to certain items reported for financial statement purposes in periods which differ from those in which they are reported for income tax purposes.
PROTECTIVE LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) (ALL DOLLAR AMOUNTS IN TABLES ARE IN THOUSANDS)
NOTE D -- FEDERAL INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Details of the deferred income tax provision for the years ended December 31 are as follows:
The components of Protective's net deferred income tax liability as of December 31, 1993 were as follows:
Under pre-1984 life insurance company income tax laws, a portion of Protective's gain from operations which was not subject to current income taxation was accumulated for income tax purposes in a memorandum account designated as Policyholders' Surplus. The aggregate accumulation in this account at December 31, 1993 was approximately $50.7 million. Should the accumulation in the Policyholders' Surplus account exceed certain stated maximums, or should distributions including cash dividends be made to PLC in excess of approximately $184 million, such excess would be subject to federal income taxes at rates then effective. Deferred income taxes have not been provided on amounts designated as Policyholders' Surplus. Protective does not anticipate involuntarily paying income tax on amounts in the Policyholders' Surplus accounts.
At December 31, 1993 Protective has no unused income tax loss carryforwards.
Protective's income tax returns are included in the consolidated income tax returns of PLC. The allocation of income tax liabilities among affiliates is based upon separate income tax return calculations.
PROTECTIVE LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) (ALL DOLLAR AMOUNTS IN TABLES ARE IN THOUSANDS)
NOTE E -- DEBT Short-term and long-term debt at December 31 are summarized as follows:
At December 31, 1993, PLC had borrowed under a term note that contains, among other provisions, requirements for maintaining certain financial ratios, and restrictions on indebtedness incurred by PLC's subsidiaries including Protective. Additionally, PLC, on a consolidated basis, cannot incur debt in excess of 40% of its total capital.
Included in indebtedness to related parties are three surplus debentures issued by Protective to PLC. At December 31, 1993, the balance of the three surplus debentures combined was $48.9 million.
Interest expense totaled $5.0 million, $3.3 million, and $3.5 million in 1993, 1992, and 1991, respectively.
NOTE F -- ACQUISITIONS In March 1992, regulatory approval was received to merge Employers National Life Insurance Company into Protective. Additionally, effective July 1, 1992, Protective assumed all of the policy obligations associated with the credit life and credit accident and health insurance business produced by Durham Life Insurance Company.
In July 1993, Protective acquired Wisconsin National Life Insurance Company ("Wisconsin National"). In addition, Protective reinsured a block of universal life policies.
These transactions have been accounted for as purchases, and the results of the transactions have been included in the accompanying financial statements since the effective dates of the agreements.
Summarized below are the consolidated results of operations for 1993 and 1992, on an unaudited pro forma basis, as if the Wisconsin National acquisition had occurred as of January 1, 1992. The pro forma information is based on Protective's consolidated results of operations for 1993 and 1992 and on data provided by Wisconsin National, after giving effect to certain pro forma adjustments. The pro forma financial information does not purport to be indicative of results of operations that would have occurred had the transaction occurred on the basis assumed above nor are they indicative of results of the future operations of the combined enterprises.
PROTECTIVE LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) (ALL DOLLAR AMOUNTS IN TABLES ARE IN THOUSANDS)
NOTE G -- COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENT LIABILITIES At December 31, 1993, Protective was committed to fund mortgage loans and to purchase fixed maturity and other long-term investments in the amount of approximately $168.0 million. Also, Protective has issued a guarantee in connection with the sale of certain tax-exempt mortgage loans which may be put to Protective in the event of default. At December 31, 1993, the loans totaled $25.8 million.
Under insurance guaranty fund laws, in most states, insurance companies doing business therein can be assessed up to prescribed limits for policyholder losses incurred by insolvent companies. Protective does not believe such assessments will be materially different from amounts already provided for in the financial statements. Most of these laws do provide, however, that an assessment may be excused or deferred if it would threaten an insurer's own financial strength.
NOTE H -- STOCKHOLDER'S EQUITY AND RESTRICTIONS At December 31, 1993, approximately $295 million of consolidated stockholder's equity represented net assets of Protective that cannot be transferred in the form of dividends, loans, or advances to PLC. Generally, the net assets of Protective available for transfer to PLC are limited to the amounts that Protective's net assets, as determined in accordance with statutory accounting practices, exceed certain minimum amounts. However, payments of such amounts as dividends may be subject to approval by regulatory authorities.
NOTE I -- REDEEMABLE PREFERRED STOCK PLC owns all of the 2,000 shares of redeemable preferred stock issued by Protective's subsidiary, American Foundation. The entire issue was reissued in 1991 and will be redeemed September 30, 1996 for $1 thousand per share, or $2 million. The stock pays, when and if declared, annual minimum cumulative dividends of $50 per share, and noncumulative participating dividends to the extent American Foundation's statutory earnings for the immediately preceding fiscal year exceed $1 million. Dividends of $1.5 million, $1.4 million, and $2.5 million were paid to PLC in 1993, 1992, and 1991, respectively.
NOTE J -- RELATED PARTY MATTERS Receivables from related parties consisted of receivables from affiliates under control of PLC in the amounts of $382 thousand and $279 thousand at December 31, 1993 and 1992, respectively. Protective routinely receives from or pays to affiliates under the control of PLC reimbursements for expenses incurred on one another's behalf. Receivables and payables among affiliates are generally settled monthly.
On August 6, 1990, PLC announced that its Board of Directors approved the formation of an Employee Stock Ownership Plan ("ESOP"). On December 1, 1990, Protective transferred to the ESOP 520,000 shares of PLC's common stock held by it in exchange for a note. The outstanding balance of the note, $6.0 million at December 31, 1993, is accounted for as a reduction to stockholder's equity. The stock will be used to match employee contributions to PLC's existing 401(k) Plan. The ESOP shares are dividend paying. Dividends on the shares are used to pay the ESOP's note to Protective.
Protective leases furnished office space and computers to affiliates. Lease revenues were $2.8 million in 1993, $2.6 million in 1992, and $2.8 million in 1991. Protective purchases data processing, legal, investment
PROTECTIVE LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) (ALL DOLLAR AMOUNTS IN TABLES ARE IN THOUSANDS)
NOTE J -- RELATED PARTY MATTERS (CONTINUED) and management services from affiliates. The costs of such services were $20.4 million, $27.5 million, and $24.7 million in 1993, 1992, and 1991, respectively. Commissions paid to affiliated marketing organizations of $5.8 million, $4.8 million, and $2.8 million in 1993, 1992, and 1991, respectively, were included in deferred policy acquisition costs.
Certain corporations with which PLC's directors were affiliated paid Protective premiums and policy fees for various types of group insurance. Such premiums and policy fees amounted to $10.3 million, $10.9 million, and $10.4 million in 1993, 1992, and 1991, respectively.
For a discussion of indebtedness to related parties, see Note E.
NOTE K -- BUSINESS SEGMENTS Protective operates predominantly in the life and accident and health insurance industry. The following table sets forth total revenues, income before income tax, and identifiable assets of Protective's business segments. The primary components of revenues are premiums and policy fees, net investment income, and realized investment gains and losses. Premiums and policy fees are attributed directly to each business segment. Net investment income is allocated based on directly related assets required for transacting that segment of business.
Realized investment gains (losses) and expenses are allocated to the segments in a manner which most appropriately reflects the operations of that segment. Unallocated realized investment gains (losses) are deemed not to be associated with any specific segment.
Assets are allocated based on policy liabilities and deferred policy acquisition costs directly attributable to each segment.
There are no significant intersegment transactions.
PROTECTIVE LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) (ALL DOLLAR AMOUNTS IN TABLES ARE IN THOUSANDS)
NOTE K -- BUSINESS SEGMENTS (CONTINUED)
PROTECTIVE LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) (ALL DOLLAR AMOUNTS IN TABLES ARE IN THOUSANDS)
NOTE K -- BUSINESS SEGMENTS (CONTINUED)
NOTE L -- EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS PLC has a defined benefit pension plan covering substantially all of its employees. The plan is not separable by affiliates participating in the plan. However, approximately 76% of the participants in the plan are employees of Protective. The benefits are based on years of service and the employee's highest thirty-six consecutive months of compensation. PLC's funding policy is to contribute amounts to the plan sufficient to meet the minimum funding requirements of ERISA plus such additional amounts as PLC may determine to be appropriate from time to time. Contributions are intended to provide not only for benefits attributed to service to date but also for those expected to be earned in the future.
PROTECTIVE LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) (ALL DOLLAR AMOUNTS IN TABLES ARE IN THOUSANDS)
NOTE L -- EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS (CONTINUED) The actuarial present value of benefit obligations and the funded status of the plan taken as a whole at December 31 is as follows:
Net pension cost includes the following components for the years ended December 31:
Protective's share of the net pension cost was $1,543 thousand, $816 thousand, and $315 thousand, in 1993, 1992, and 1991, respectively.
Assumptions used to determine the benefit obligations as of December 31 were as follows:
Assets of the pension plan are included in the general assets of Protective. Upon retirement, the amount of pension plan assets vested in the retiree is used to purchase a single premium annuity from Protective in the retiree's name. Therefore, amounts presented above as plan assets exclude assets relating to retirees.
PLC also sponsors an unfunded Excess Benefits Plan, which is a nonqualified plan that provides defined pension benefits in excess of limits imposed by federal tax law. At December 31, 1993, the projected benefit obligation of this plan totaled $2.6 million.
PROTECTIVE LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) (ALL DOLLAR AMOUNTS IN TABLES ARE IN THOUSANDS)
NOTE L -- EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS (CONTINUED) In addition to pension benefits, PLC provides limited health care benefits to eligible retired employees until age 65. PLC and Protective have adopted Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 106, "Employers' Accounting for Postretirement Benefits Other Than Pensions."
At January 1, 1992, PLC recognized a $1.6 million accumulated postretirement benefit obligation, of which $0.9 million relates to current retirees and $0.7 million relates to active employees. The $1.6 million (representing Protective's entire liability for such benefits), net of $0.5 million tax, was accounted for as a cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle and shown as a reduction to income. The postretirement benefit is provided by an unfunded plan. At December 31, 1993, the liability for such benefits totaled $1.6 million. The expense recorded by Protective was $0.2 million in 1993 and 1992. PLC's obligation is not materially affected by a 1% change in the health care cost trend assumptions used in the calculation of the obligation.
Life insurance benefits for retirees are provided through the purchase of life insurance policies upon retirement equal to the employees' annual compensation. This plan is partially funded at a maximum of $50 thousand face amount of insurance.
In 1990, PLC established an Employee Stock Ownership Plan to match employee contributions to PLC's existing 401(k) Plan. Previously, PLC matched employee contributions in cash. The expense recorded by PLC for this employee benefit was $249 thousand, $412 thousand and $451 thousand in 1993, 1992, and 1991, respectively.
NOTE M -- REINSURANCE Protective assumes risks from and reinsures certain parts of its risks with other insurers under yearly renewable term, coinsurance, and modified coinsurance agreements. Yearly renewable term and coinsurance agreements are accounted for by passing a portion of the risk to the reinsurer. Generally, the reinsurer receives a proportionate part of the premiums less commissions and is liable for a corresponding part of all benefit payments. Modified coinsurance is accounted for similarly to coinsurance except that the liability for future policy benefits is held by the original company, and settlements are made on a net basis between the companies. While the amount retained on an individual life will vary based upon age and mortality prospects of the risk, Protective will not carry more than $500 thousand individual life insurance on a single risk.
Protective has reinsured approximately $7.5 billion, $7.0 billion, and $5.3 billion in face amount of life insurance risks with other insurers representing $37.9 million, $34.8 million, and $28.3 million of premium income for 1993, 1992, and 1991, respectively. Protective has also reinsured accident and health risks representing $88.9 million, $74.6 million, and $61.6 million of premium income for 1993, 1992, and 1991, respectively. In 1992, policy liabilities and accruals are shown net of policy and claim reserves relating to insurance ceded of $90.1 million. In 1993, policy and claim reserves relating to insurance ceded of $97.8 million are included in reinsurance receivables. Should any of the reinsurers be unable to meet its obligation at the time of the claim, obligation to pay such claim would remain with Protective. At December 31, 1993 and 1992, Protective had paid $4.8 million and $4.4 million, respectively, of ceded benefits which are recoverable from reinsurers.
ITEM 9.

ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
None
PART III
ITEM 10.



ITEM 10. DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANT
Not required in accordance with General Instruction J(2)(c).
ITEM 11.

ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
Not required in accordance with General Instruction J(2)(c).
ITEM 12.

ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT
Not required in accordance with General Instruction J(2)(c).
ITEM 13.

ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS
Not required in accordance with General Instruction J(2)(c).
PART IV
ITEM 14.

ITEM 14. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES, AND REPORTS ON FORM 8-K
(a) The following documents are filed as part of this report:
1. Financial Statements (Item 8)
2. Financial Statement Schedules (see index annexed)
3. Exhibits:
The exhibits listed in the Exhibit Index on page 40 of this Form 10-K are filed herewith or are incorporated herein by reference. No management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement is required to be filed as an exhibit to this form. The Registrant will furnish a copy of any of the exhibits listed upon the payment of $5.00 per exhibit to cover the cost of the Registrant in furnishing the exhibit.
(b) Reports on Form 8-K:
None
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of Birmingham, State of Alabama on March 25, 1994.
PROTECTIVE LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
By: /s/ DRAYTON NABERS, JR.
----------------------------------- President
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated:
All other schedules to the consolidated financial statements required by Article 7 of Regulation S-X are not required under the related instructions or are inapplicable and therefore have been omitted.
SCHEDULE I -- SUMMARY OF INVESTMENTS OTHER THAN INVESTMENTS IN RELATED PARTIES PROTECTIVE LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES DECEMBER 31, 1993 (IN THOUSANDS)
SCHEDULE II -- AMOUNTS RECEIVABLE FROM RELATED PARTIES AND UNDERWRITERS, PROMOTERS, AND EMPLOYEES OTHER THAN RELATED PARTIES PROTECTIVE LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
SCHEDULE IV -- INDEBTEDNESS OF AND TO RELATED PARTIES PROTECTIVE LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
SCHEDULE V -- SUPPLEMENTARY INSURANCE INFORMATION PROTECTIVE LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES (IN THOUSANDS)
SCHEDULE VI -- REINSURANCE PROTECTIVE LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
SCHEDULE IX -- SHORT TERM BORROWINGS PROTECTIVE LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
EXHIBIT INDEX